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What causes Cardiomyopathy ? | Cardiomyopathy can be acquired or inherited. Acquired means you arent born with the disease, but you develop it due to another disease, condition, or factor.
Inherited means your parents passed the gene for the disease on to you. Researchers continue to look for the genetic links to cardiomyopathy and ... |
Who is at risk for Cardiomyopathy? ? | People of all ages and races can have cardiomyopathy. However, certain types of the disease are more common in certain groups.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is more common in African Americans than Whites. This type of the disease also is more common in men than women.
Teens and young adults ... |
What are the symptoms of Cardiomyopathy ? | Some people who have cardiomyopathy never have signs or symptoms. Others don't have signs or symptoms in the early stages of the disease.
As cardiomyopathy worsens and the heart weakens, signs and symptoms of heart failure usually occur. These signs and symptoms include:
Shortness of b... |
How to diagnose Cardiomyopathy ? | Your doctor will diagnose cardiomyopathy based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.
Specialists Involved
Often, a cardiologist or pediatric cardiologist diagnoses and treats cardiomyopathy. A cardiologist specializes in diagn... |
What are the treatments for Cardiomyopathy ? | People who have cardiomyopathy but no signs or symptoms may not need treatment. Sometimes, dilated cardiomyopathy that comes on suddenly may go away on its own. For other people who have cardiomyopathy, treatment is needed. Treatment depends on the type of cardiomyopathy you have, the severity of your symptoms and comp... |
How to prevent Cardiomyopathy ? | You can't prevent inherited types of cardiomyopathy. However, you can take steps to lower your risk for diseases or conditions that may lead to or complicate cardiomyopathy. Examples includecoronary heart disease,high blood pressure, andheart attack.
Your doctor may advise you to make heart-healthy lif... |
Who is at risk for Smoking and Your Heart? ? | The chemicals in tobacco smoke harm your heart and blood vessels in many ways. For example, they:
Contribute to inflammation, which may trigger plaque buildup in your arteries.
Damage blood vessel walls, making them stiff and less elastic (stretchy). This damage narrows the blood vesse... |
What is (are) Cystic Fibrosis ? | Cystic fibrosis (SIS-tik fi-BRO-sis), or CF, is an inherited disease of the secretory (see-KREH-tor-ee) glands. Secretory glands include glands that make mucus and sweat.
"Inherited" means the disease is passed from parents to children through genes. People who have CF inherit two faulty genes for the ... |
What causes Cystic Fibrosis ? | A defect in the CFTR gene causes cystic fibrosis (CF). This gene makes a protein that controls the movement of salt and water in and out of your body's cells. In people who have CF, the gene makes a protein that doesn't work well. This causes thick, sticky mucus and very salty sweat.
Research suggests ... |
Who is at risk for Cystic Fibrosis? ? | Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects both males and females and people from all racial and ethnic groups. However, the disease is most common among Caucasians of Northern European descent.
CF also is common among Latinos and American Indians, especially the Pueblo and Zuni. The disease is less common among Afr... |
What are the symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis ? | The signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis (CF) vary from person to person and over time. Sometimes you'll have few symptoms. Other times, your symptoms may become more severe.
One of the first signs of CF that parents may notice is that their baby's skin tastes salty when kissed, or the baby doesn't pa... |
How to diagnose Cystic Fibrosis ? | Doctors diagnose cystic fibrosis (CF) based on the results from various tests.
Newborn Screening
All States screen newborns for CF using a genetic test or a blood test. The genetic test shows whether a newborn has faulty CFTR genes. The blood test shows whether a newborn's pancreas is ... |
What are the treatments for Cystic Fibrosis ? | Cystic fibrosis (CF) has no cure. However, treatments have greatly improved in recent years. The goals of CF treatment include:
Preventing and controlling lung infections
Loosening and removing thick, sticky mucus from the lungs
Preventing or treating blockages in the ... |
What is (are) Deep Vein Thrombosis ? | Espaol
Deep vein thrombosis (throm-BO-sis), or DVT, is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body. Blood clots occur when blood thickens and clumps together.
Most deep vein blood clots occur in the lower leg or thigh. They also can occur in other parts of the body.
... |
What causes Deep Vein Thrombosis ? | Blood clots can form in your body's deep veins if:
A vein's inner lining is damaged. Injuries caused by physical, chemical, or biological factors can damage the veins. Such factors include surgery, serious injuries, inflammation, and immune responses.
Blood flow is sluggish or slow. La... |
Who is at risk for Deep Vein Thrombosis? ? | The risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) include:
A history of DVT.
Conditions or factors that make your blood thicker or more likely to clot than normal. Some inherited blood disorders (such as factor V Leiden) will do this. Hormone therapy or birth control pills also increase ... |
What are the symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis ? | The signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) might be related to DVT itself or pulmonary embolism (PE). See your doctor right away if you have signs or symptoms of either condition. Both DVT and PE can cause serious, possibly life-threatening problems if not treated.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
... |
How to diagnose Deep Vein Thrombosis ? | Your doctor will diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT) based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. He or she will identify your risk factors and rule out other causes of your symptoms.
For some people, DVT might not be diagnosed until after they receive emergency treatment for pulmo... |
What are the treatments for Deep Vein Thrombosis ? | Doctors treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with medicines and other devices and therapies. The main goals of treating DVT are to:
Stop the blood clot from getting bigger
Prevent the blood clot from breaking off and moving to your lungs
Reduce your chance of having anothe... |
How to prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis ? | You can take steps to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). If you're at risk for these conditions:
See your doctor for regular checkups.
Take all medicines as your doctor prescribes.
Get out of bed and move around as soon as possible after su... |
What is (are) Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ? | Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (noo-mo-NI-tis), or HP, is a disease in which the lungs become inflamed from breathing in foreign substances, such as molds, dusts, and chemicals. These substances also are known as antigens (AN-tih-jens).
People are exposed to antigens at home, while at work, and in other ... |
What causes Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ? | Repeatedly breathing in foreign substances can cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Examples of these substances include molds, dusts, and chemicals. (Mold often is the cause of HP.) These substances also are known as antigens.
Over time, your lungs can become sensitive to antigens. If this happens... |
Who is at risk for Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis? ? | People who repeatedly breathe in foreign substances are at risk for hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). These substances, which also are known as antigens, include molds, dusts, and chemicals. However, most people who breathe in these substances don't develop HP.
People at increased risk include:
... |
What are the symptoms of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ? | Signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) depend on whether the disease is acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing).
Acute Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
With acute HP, symptoms usually occur within 29 hours of exposure to an antigen you're sensitive to. (An antigen is a sub... |
How to diagnose Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ? | To diagnose hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), your doctor must pinpoint the antigen that's causing the disease and its source. (An antigen is a substance that your body reacts against, such as molds, dusts, and chemicals.)
Your doctor will ask you detailed questions about:
Your curren... |
What are the treatments for Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ? | The best way to treat hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is to avoid the antigen that caused it. (An antigen is a substance that your body reacts against, such as molds, dusts, and chemicals.)
In acute (short-term) HP, symptoms usually go away once you're no longer in contact with the antigen. In chroni... |
What is (are) Cardiogenic Shock ? | Cardiogenic (kar-dee-oh-JE-nik) shock is a condition in which a suddenly weakened heart isn't able to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The condition is a medical emergency and is fatal if not treated right away.
The most common cause of cardiogenic shock is damage to the heart muscle from a ... |
What causes Cardiogenic Shock ? | Immediate Causes
Cardiogenic shock occurs if the heart suddenly can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body. The most common cause of cardiogenic shock is damage to the heart muscle from a severe heart attack.
This damage prevents the hearts main pumping chamber, the left ventricle... |
Who is at risk for Cardiogenic Shock? ? | The most common risk factor for cardiogenic shock is having a heart attack. If you've had a heart attack, the following factors can further increase your risk for cardiogenic shock:
Older age
A history of heart attacks or heart failure
Coronary heart disease that affec... |
What are the symptoms of Cardiogenic Shock ? | A lack of oxygen-rich blood reaching the brain, kidneys, skin, and other parts of the body causes the signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock.
Some of the typical signs and symptoms of shock usually include at least two or more of the following:
Confusion or lack of alertness
... |
How to diagnose Cardiogenic Shock ? | The first step in diagnosing cardiogenic shock is to identify that a person is in shock. At that point, emergency treatment should begin.
Once emergency treatment starts, doctors can look for the specific cause of the shock. If the reason for the shock is that the heart isn't pumping strongly enough, t... |
What are the treatments for Cardiogenic Shock ? | Cardiogenic shock is life threatening and requires emergency medical treatment. The condition usually is diagnosed after a person has been admitted to a hospital for a heart attack. If the person isn't already in a hospital, emergency treatment can start as soon as medical personnel arrive.
The first g... |
How to prevent Cardiogenic Shock ? | The best way to prevent cardiogenic shock is to lower your risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart attack. (For more information, go to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's "Your Guide to a Healthy Heart.")
If you already have CHD, its important to get ongoing treatment from a doctor... |
What is (are) Electrocardiogram ? | An electrocardiogram (e-lek-tro-KAR-de-o-gram), also called an EKG or ECG, is a simple, painless test that records the heart's electrical activity. To understand this test, it helps to understand how the heart works.
With each heartbeat, an electrical signal spreads from the top of the heart to the bot... |
What is the outlook for Electrocardiogram ? | You don't need to take any special steps before having an electrocardiogram (EKG). However, tell your doctor or his or her staff about the medicines you're taking. Some medicines can affect EKG results. |
What is the outlook for Electrocardiogram ? | An electrocardiogram (EKG) is painless and harmless. A nurse or technician will attach soft, sticky patches called electrodes to the skin of your chest, arms, and legs. The patches are about the size of a quarter.
Often, 12 patches are attached to your body. This helps detect your heart's electrical ac... |
What is the outlook for Electrocardiogram ? | After an electrocardiogram (EKG), the nurse or technician will remove the electrodes (soft patches) from your skin. You may develop a rash or redness where the EKG patches were attached. This mild rash often goes away without treatment.
You usually can go back to your normal daily routine after an EKG. |
Who is at risk for Electrocardiogram? ? | An electrocardiogram (EKG) has no serious risks. It's a harmless, painless test that detects the heart's electrical activity. EKGs don't give off electrical charges, such as shocks.
You may develop a mild rash where the electrodes (soft patches) were attached. This rash often goes away without treatmen... |
What is (are) Broken Heart Syndrome ? | Broken heart syndrome is a condition in which extreme stress can lead to heart muscle failure. The failure is severe, but often short-term.
Most people who experience broken heart syndrome think they may be having a heart attack, a more common medical emergency caused by a blocked coronary (heart) arte... |
What causes Broken Heart Syndrome ? | The cause of broken heart syndrome isnt fully known. However, extreme emotional or physical stress is believed to play a role in causing the temporary disorder.
Although symptoms are similar to those of a heart attack, what is happening to the heart is quite different. Most heart attacks are caused by ... |
Who is at risk for Broken Heart Syndrome? ? | Broken heart syndrome affects women more often than men. Often, people who experience broken heart syndrome have previously been healthy. Research shows that the traditional risk factors for heart disease may not apply to broken heart syndrome.
People who might be at increased risk for broken heart syn... |
What are the symptoms of Broken Heart Syndrome ? | All chest pain should be checked by a doctor. Because symptoms of broken heart syndrome are similar to those of a heart attack, it is important to seek help right away. Your doctor may not be able to diagnose broken heart syndrome until you have some tests.
Common Signs and Symptoms
Th... |
How to diagnose Broken Heart Syndrome ? | Because the symptoms are similar, at first your doctor may not be able to tell whether you are experiencing broken heart syndrome or having a heart attack. Therefore, the doctors immediate goals will be:
To determine whats causing your symptoms
To determine whether youre having or abou... |
What are the treatments for Broken Heart Syndrome ? | Even though broken heart syndrome may feel like a heart attack, its a very different problem that needs a different type of treatment.
The good news is that broken heart syndrome is usually treatable, and most people make a full recovery. Most people who experience broken heart syndrome stay in the hos... |
How to prevent Broken Heart Syndrome ? | Researchers are still learning about broken heart syndrome, and no treatments have been shown to prevent it. For people who have experienced the condition, the risk of recurrence is low.
An emotionally upsetting or serious physical event can trigger broken heart syndrome. Learning how to manage stress,... |
What is (are) Hypotension ? | Hypotension (HI-po-TEN-shun) is abnormally low blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood.
Blood pressure is measured as systolic (sis-TOL-ik) and diastolic (di-a-STOL-ik) pressures. "Systolic" refers to blood pressure whe... |
What causes Hypotension ? | Conditions or factors that disrupt the body's ability to control blood pressure cause hypotension. The different types of hypotension have different causes.
Orthostatic Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension has many causes. Sometimes two or more factors combine to cause this type of low ... |
Who is at risk for Hypotension? ? | Hypotension can affect people of all ages. However, people in certain age groups are more likely to have certain types of hypotension.
Older adults are more likely to have orthostatic and postprandial hypotension. Children and young adults are more likely to have neurally mediated hypotension.
... |
What are the symptoms of Hypotension ? | Orthostatic Hypotension and Neurally Mediated Hypotension
The signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension and neurally mediated hypotension (NMH) are similar. They include:
Dizziness or light-headedness
Blurry vision
Confusion
Weakne... |
How to diagnose Hypotension ? | Hypotension is diagnosed based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. Your doctor will want to know:
The type of hypotension you have and how severe it is
Whether an underlying condition is causing the hypotension
Specialists Involved
... |
What are the treatments for Hypotension ? | Treatment depends on the type of hypotension you have and the severity of your signs and symptoms. The goal of treatment is to bring blood pressure back to normal to relieve signs and symptoms. Another goal is to manage any underlying condition causing the hypotension.
Your response to treatment depend... |
What is (are) Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Childhood interstitial (in-ter-STISH-al) lung disease, or chILD, is a broad term for a group of rare lung diseases that can affect babies, children, and teens. These diseases have some similar symptoms, such as chronic cough, rapid breathing, and shortness of breath.
These diseases also harm the lungs ... |
What causes Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Researchers don't yet know all of the causes of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). Many times, these diseases have no clear cause.
Some conditions and factors that may cause or lead to chILD include:
Inherited conditions, such as surfactant disorders. Surfactant is a liquid t... |
Who is at risk for Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease? ? | Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is rare. Most children are not at risk for chILD. However, some factors increase the risk of developing chILD. These risk factors include:
Having a family history of interstitial lung disease or chILD.
Having an inherited surfactant disorder ... |
What are the symptoms of Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) has many signs and symptoms because the disease has many forms. Signs and symptoms may include:
Fast breathing, which also is called tachypnea (tak-ip-NE-ah)
Labored breathing, which also is called respiratory distress
Low ox... |
How to diagnose Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Doctors diagnose childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) based on a child's medical and family histories and the results from tests and procedures. To diagnose chILD, doctors may first need to rule out other diseases as the cause of a child's symptoms.
Early diagnosis of chILD may help doctors stop... |
What are the treatments for Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is rare, and little research has been done on how to treat it. At this time, chILD has no cure. However, some children who have certain diseases, such as neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, may slowly improve over time.
Current treatment approaches in... |
How to prevent Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | At this time, most types of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) can't be prevented. People who have a family history of inherited (genetic) interstitial lung disease may want to consider genetic counseling. A counselor can explain the risk of children inheriting chILD.
You and your child can ta... |
What is (are) Tetralogy of Fallot ? | Tetralogy (teh-TRAL-o-je) of Fallot (fah-LO) is a congenital heart defect. This is a problem with the heart's structure that's present at birth. Congenital heart defects change the normal flow of blood through the heart.
Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare, complex heart defect. It occurs in about 5out of ev... |
What causes Tetralogy of Fallot ? | Doctors often don't know what causes tetralogy of Fallot and other congenital heart defects.
Some conditions or factors that occur during pregnancy may raise your risk of having a child who has tetralogy of Fallot. These conditions and factors include:
German measles (rubella) and some... |
What are the symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot ? | Cyanosis is an important sign of tetralogy of Fallot. Cyanosis is a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails. Low oxygen levels in the blood cause cyanosis.
Babies who have unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot sometimes have "tet spells." These spells happen in response to an activity like crying or ha... |
How to diagnose Tetralogy of Fallot ? | Doctors diagnose tetralogy of Fallot based on a baby's signs and symptoms, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.
Signs and symptoms of the heart defect usually occur during the first weeks of life. Your infant's doctor may notice signs or symptoms during a routine checkup. Some pa... |
What are the treatments for Tetralogy of Fallot ? | Tetralogy of Fallot is repaired with open-heart surgery, either soon after birth or later in infancy. The goal of surgery is to repair the four defects of tetralogy of Fallot so the heart can work as normally as possible. Repairing the defects can greatly improve a child's health and quality of life.
T... |
What is (are) Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy (PLUR-ih-se) is a condition in which the pleura is inflamed. The pleura is a membrane that consists of two large, thin layers of tissue. One layer wraps around the outside of your lungs. The other layer lines the inside of your chest cavity.
Between the layers of tissue is a very thin space ca... |
What causes Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy
Many conditions can cause pleurisy. Viral infections are likely the most common cause. Other causes of pleurisy include:
Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia (nu-MO-ne-ah) and tuberculosis, and infections from fungi or parasites
Pulmonary embolism, a blood ... |
What are the symptoms of Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy
The main symptom of pleurisy is a sharp or stabbing pain in your chest that gets worse when you breathe in deeply or cough or sneeze.
The pain may stay in one place or it may spread to your shoulders or back. Sometimes the pain becomes a fairly constant dull ache.
... |
How to diagnose Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Your doctor will diagnose pleurisy or another pleural disorder based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results.
Your doctor will want to rule out other causes of your symptoms. He or she also will want to find the underlying cause of the pleurisy or other pleural disorder so it can be ... |
What are the treatments for Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy and other pleural disorders are treated with procedures, medicines, and other methods. The goals of treatment include:
Relieving symptoms
Removing the fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space (if a large amount is present)
Treating the underlying condition
... |
What is (are) Sudden Cardiac Arrest ? | Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. If this happens, blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital organs.
SCA usually causes death if it's not treated within minutes.
Overview
To understand SCA, it ... |
What causes Sudden Cardiac Arrest ? | Ventricular fibrillation (v-fib) causes most sudden cardiac arrests (SCAs). V-fib is a type of arrhythmia.
During v-fib, the ventricles (the heart's lower chambers) don't beat normally. Instead, they quiver very rapidly and irregularly. When this happens, the heart pumps little or no blood to the body.... |
Who is at risk for Sudden Cardiac Arrest? ? | The risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) increases:
With age
If you are a man. Men are more likely than women to have SCA.
Some studies show that blacksparticularly those with underlying conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart failure, and chronic kidney... |
What are the symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest ? | Usually, the first sign of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is loss of consciousness (fainting). At the same time, no heartbeat (or pulse) can be felt.
Some people may have a racing heartbeat or feel dizzy or light-headed just before they faint. Within an hour before SCA, some people have chest pain, shortn... |
How to diagnose Sudden Cardiac Arrest ? | Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) happens without warning and requires emergency treatment. Doctors rarely diagnose SCA with medical tests as it's happening. Instead, SCA often is diagnosed after it happens. Doctors do this by ruling out other causes of a person's sudden collapse.
Specialists Involved
... |
What are the treatments for Sudden Cardiac Arrest ? | Emergency Treatment
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is an emergency. A person having SCA needs to be treated with a defibrillator right away. This device sends an electric shock to the heart. The electric shock can restore a normal rhythm to a heart that's stopped beating.
To work well, de... |
How to prevent Sudden Cardiac Arrest ? | Ways to prevent death due to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) differ depending on whether:
You've already had SCA
You've never had SCA but are at high risk for the condition
You've never had SCA and have no known risk factors for the condition
For People Wh... |
What is (are) Sickle Cell Disease ? | Espaol
The term sickle cell disease (SCD) describes a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. People with SCD have abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in their red blood cells.
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the... |
What causes Sickle Cell Disease ? | Abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S, causes sickle cell disease (SCD).
The problem in hemoglobin S is caused by a small defect in the gene that directs the production of the beta globin part of hemoglobin. This small defect in the beta globin gene causes a problem in the beta globin part of hemogl... |
Who is at risk for Sickle Cell Disease? ? | In the United States, most people with sickle cell disease (SCD) are of African ancestry or identify themselves as black.
About 1 in 13 African American babies is born with sickle cell trait.
About 1 in every 365 black children is born with sickle cell disease.
There a... |
What are the symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease ? | Early Signs and Symptoms
If a person has sickle cell disease (SCD), it is present at birth. But most infants do not have any problems from the disease until they are about 5 or 6 months of age. Every state in the United States, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories requires that all newbor... |
How to diagnose Sickle Cell Disease ? | Screening Tests
People who do not know whether they make sickle hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) or another abnormal hemoglobin (such as C, thalassemia, E) can find out by having their blood tested. This way, they can learn whether they carry a gene (i.e., have the trait) for an abnormal hemoglobin that they... |
What are the treatments for Sickle Cell Disease ? | Health Maintenance To Prevent Complications
Babies with sickle cell disease (SCD) should be referred to a doctor or provider group that has experience taking care of people with this disease. The doctor might be a hematologist (a doctor with special training in blood diseases) or an experienced general... |
How to prevent Sickle Cell Disease ? | People who do not know whether they carry an abnormal hemoglobin gene can ask their doctor to have their blood tested.
Couples who are planning to have children and know that they are at risk of having a child with sickle cell disease (SCD) may want to meet with a genetics counselor. A genetics counsel... |
What is (are) Pneumonia ? | Pneumonia (nu-MO-ne-ah) is an infection in one or both of the lungs. Many germssuch as bacteria, viruses, and fungican cause pneumonia.
The infection inflames your lungs' air sacs, which are called alveoli (al-VEE-uhl-eye). The air sacs may fill up with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as a cough wi... |
What causes Pneumonia ? | Many germs can cause pneumonia. Examples include different kinds of bacteria, viruses, and, less often, fungi.
Most of the time, the body filters germs out of the air that we breathe to protect the lungs from infection. Your immune system, the shape of your nose and throat, your ability to cough, and f... |
Who is at risk for Pneumonia? ? | Pneumonia can affect people of all ages. However, two age groups are at greater risk of developing pneumonia:
Infants who are 2 years old or younger (because their immune systems are still developing during the first few years of life)
People who are 65 years old or older
... |
What are the symptoms of Pneumonia ? | The signs and symptoms of pneumonia vary from mild to severe. Many factors affect how serious pneumonia is, including the type of germ causing the infection and your age and overall health. (For more information, go to "Who Is at Risk for Pneumonia?")
See your doctor promptly if you:
H... |
How to diagnose Pneumonia ? | Pneumonia can be hard to diagnose because it may seem like a cold or the flu. You may not realize it's more serious until it lasts longer than these other conditions.
Your doctor will diagnose pneumonia based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results.
Medical History
... |
What are the treatments for Pneumonia ? | Treatment for pneumonia depends on the type of pneumonia you have and how severe it is. Most people who have community-acquired pneumoniathe most common type of pneumoniaare treated at home.
The goals of treatment are to cure the infection and prevent complications.
General Treatment
... |
How to prevent Pneumonia ? | Pneumonia can be very serious and even life threatening. When possible, take steps to prevent the infection, especially if you're in a high-risk group.
Vaccines
Vaccines are available to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia and the flu. Vaccines can't prevent all cases of infection. However,... |
What is (are) Marfan Syndrome ? | Marfan syndrome is a condition in which your body's connective tissue is abnormal. Connective tissue helps support all parts of your body. It also helps control how your body grows and develops.
Marfan syndrome most often affects the connective tissue of the heart and blood vessels, eyes, bones, lungs,... |
What causes Marfan Syndrome ? | Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder. A mutation, or change, in the gene that controls how the body makes fibrillin causes Marfan syndrome. Fibrillin is a protein that plays a major role in your body's connective tissue.
Most people who have Marfan syndrome inherit it from their parents. If you have t... |
Who is at risk for Marfan Syndrome? ? | People at highest risk for Marfan syndrome are those who have a family history of the condition. If you have Marfan syndrome, you have a 50 percent chance of passing the altered gene to each of your children.
Marfan syndrome affects about 1 out of every 5,000 people in the United States. Men, women, an... |
What are the symptoms of Marfan Syndrome ? | Marfan syndrome can affect many parts of the body. As a result, the signs and symptoms of the disorder vary from person to person, even in the same family.
Marfan complications also vary, depending on how the condition affects your body. Marfan syndrome most often affects the connective tissue of the h... |
How to diagnose Marfan Syndrome ? | Your doctor will diagnose Marfan syndrome based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results. He or she also will consult a set of guidelines called Ghent criteria, which are used to diagnose Marfan syndrome.
Marfan syndrome can be hard to diagnose. This is because its signs,... |
What are the treatments for Marfan Syndrome ? | Marfan syndrome has no cure. However, treatments can help delay or prevent complications, especially when started early.
Marfan syndrome can affect many parts of your body, including your heart, bones and joints, eyes, nervous system, and lungs. The type of treatment you receive will depend on your sig... |
What is (are) Respiratory Distress Syndrome ? | Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a breathing disorder that affects newborns. RDS rarely occurs in full-term infants. The disorder is more common in premature infants born about 6 weeks or more before their due dates.
RDS is more common in premature infants because their lungs aren't able to make ... |
What causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome ? | The main cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a lack of surfactant in the lungs. Surfactant is a liquid that coats the inside of the lungs.
A fetus's lungs start making surfactant during the third trimester of pregnancy (weeks 26 through labor and delivery). The substance coats the insides o... |
Who is at risk for Respiratory Distress Syndrome? ? | Certain factors may increase the risk that your infant will have respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). These factors include:
Premature delivery. The earlier your baby is born, the greater his or her risk for RDS. Most cases of RDS occur in babies born before 28 weeks of pregnancy.
Stre... |
What are the symptoms of Respiratory Distress Syndrome ? | Signs and symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) usually occur at birth or within the first few hours that follow. They include:
Rapid, shallow breathing
Sharp pulling in of the chest below and between the ribs with each breath
Grunting sounds
... |
How to diagnose Respiratory Distress Syndrome ? | Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is common in premature infants. Thus, doctors usually recognize and begin treating the disorder as soon as babies are born.
Doctors also do several tests to rule out other conditions that could be causing an infant's breathing problems. The tests also can confirm tha... |
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