article stringlengths 0 745k | abstract stringlengths 0 153k | input_ids list | attention_mask list | labels list |
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gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) are brief , intense flashes of @xmath0-rays originating at cosmological distances , and they are the most luminous objects in the universe .
they also have broadband afterglows long - lasting after the @xmath0-ray radiation has ceased .
it has been established that the bursts and aftergl... | the emission mechanism and the origin and structure of magnetic fields in gamma - ray burst ( grb ) jets are among the most important open questions concerning the nature of the central engine of grbs . in spite of extensive observational efforts ,
these questions remain to be answered and are difficult or even impos... | [
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let @xmath0 be a finite simplicial graph and let @xmath1 be the induced flag complex , i.e. , the maximal simplicial complex whose @xmath2-skeleton is @xmath0 .
the associated _ right angled artin group _
@xmath3 is the group presented by @xmath4 because one can import topological properties of the associated flag ... | we give an explicit formula for the cohomology of a right angled artin group with group ring coefficients in terms of the cohomology of its defining flag complex . | [
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the fundamental group of the complement of plane curves is a very important topological invariant , which can be also computed for line arrangements . we list here some applications of this invariant .
chisini @xcite , kulikov @xcite and kulikov - teicher @xcite have used the fundamental group of complements of branc... | we introduce the notion of a _ conjugation - free geometric presentation _ for a fundamental group of a line arrangement s complement , and we show that the fundamental groups of the following family of arrangements have a conjugation - free geometric presentation : a real arrangement @xmath0 , whose graph of multiple ... | [
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the m-@xmath8 relation ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) has suggested that the evolution of galaxies and super - massive nuclear black holes ( smbhs ) are linked .
both the stellar population and the smbh of a galaxy are thought to grow and evolve by merging of smaller gas - rich galaxies and their nuclear smbhs @xcite . during ... | narrow - band spectral imaging with sub - pixel resolution of the _ chandra_-acis archival observation of the ulirg merger arp 220 strongly suggests two compton thick nuclei , spatially coincident with the infrared and radio emitting nuclear clusters , and separated by 1 ( @xmath0 pc at a distance of 76 mpc ) .
thes... | [
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a priori , the description of any dynamic process in atomic physics should be gauge invariant . yet
, there is a caveat .
namely , one usually calculates atomic transitions using wave functions obtained from the solution of the unperturbed schrdinger equation , and ignores both the gauge transformation of the wave ... | we reexamine the invariance of two - photon transition matrix elements and corresponding two - photon rabi frequencies under the `` gauge '' transformation from the length to the velocity gauge .
it is shown that gauge invariance , in the most general sense , only holds at exact resonance , for both one - color as we... | [
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in recent time people are too much interested to find some flavor symmetry in order to generate mass and mixing pattern of fermions .
continuous symmetry like @xmath9 @xcite , @xmath10 @xcite symmetry and most popular discrete symmetry , @xmath11 exchange symmetry ( @xmath12@xcite have got some success to describe ma... | we have shown that non - zero @xmath0 is generated in a see - saw type softly broken @xmath1 symmetric model through a single parameter perturbation in @xmath2 in a single element .
we have explored all possible 9 cases to study the neutrino mixing angles considering the best fitted values of @xmath3 and @xmath4 with... | [
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organic molecular crystals , namely crystals composed of organic molecules held together by weak van der waals forces , are emerging as excellent candidates for fabricating nanoscale devices .
these have potential application in electronics and optoelectronics in particular in areas such as solar energy harvesting , ... | constrained density functional theory ( cdft ) is used to evaluate the energy level alignment of a benzene molecule as it approaches a graphene sheet . within cdft the problem is conveniently mapped onto evaluating total energy differences between different charge - separated states , and it does not consist in determi... | [
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since its discovery in 2004 graphene @xcite draws much attention because of unique features of this two - dimensional system .
graphene is composed of a sp@xmath2-bonded carbon atoms forming honeycomb structure .
it became famous for its very interesting electronic structure with characteristic , linear energy dis... | using first - principles plane - wave calculations study of electronic and magnetic properties of hypothetical two - dimensional structure of li@xmath0n compound have been conducted .
calculations show , that electronic properties of this this structure can be inflenced by hydrogenation , which may change the system ... | [
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any cooperation among agents ( players ) being able to make strategic decisions becomes a _ coalition formation game _ when the players may for various personal reasons wish to belong to a relative _ small coalition _ rather than the `` grand coalition '' . partitioning players represents the crucial question in the ga... | this paper studies _ the nash stability _ in hedonic coalition formation games .
we address the following issue : for a general problem formulation , is there any utility allocation method ensuring a nash - stable partition ?
we propose the definition of _ the nash - stable core _ and we analyze the conditions for ... | [
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the first step in describing the interaction between many particles is to determine their pair potential or the forces among a single pair .
if the governing physical equations are linear ( like for gravity or electrostatics ) , this approach yields a quantitatively reliable description of the physical system conside... | within mean - field theory we calculate the scaling functions associated with critical casimir forces for a system consisting of two spherical colloids immersed in a binary liquid mixture near its consolute point and facing a planar , homogeneous substrate . for several geometrical arrangements and boundary conditions ... | [
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the search for the higgs boson has been the cornerstone of the physics program at modern high energy colliders .
the higgs boson of the standard model has well defined production and decay modes that allow for mass dependent searches in a number of channels .
one of the key discovery modes at hadron colliders is hi... | a class of potential backgrounds for higgs boson searches in the @xmath0 channel at both the tevatron and large hadron collider is presented . backgrounds from @xmath1 production with _ external _ conversion of the on - shell photon in detector material to an asymmetric electron
positron pair , @xmath2 , with loss of... | [
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it is well known that the lift to m - theory of a system of parallel d6-branes @xcite corresponds to a purely geometric background , the taub - nut metric .
when the position of n of these d6-branes coincide , one gets an @xmath8 singularity at a point in the multi taub - nut space . in this paper
, we would like ... | we discuss the lift of certain d6-antid6-brane systems to m - theory .
these are purely gravitational configurations with a bolt singularity .
when reduced along a trivial circle , and for large bolt radius , the bolt is related to a non - supersymmetric orbifold type of singularity where some closed string tachyon... | [
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22377... |
molecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecule in the universe and the main constituent of regions where stars are forming .
h@xmath2 plays an important role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium , and its formation governs the transformation of atomic diffuse clouds into molecular clouds . because of the in... | molecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecule in the universe . a large fraction of h@xmath0 forms by association of hydrogen atoms adsorbed on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( pahs ) , where formation rates depend crucially on the h sticking probability .
we have experimentally studied pah hydrogenation by expo... | [
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7668,
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... |
as is well known , the atom or atoms in the atomic clock are passive they do not `` tick''so the clock needs an active oscillator in addition to the atom(s ) . in designing an atomic clock to realize the second as a measurement unit in the international system of units ( si ) , one encounters two problems : ( a ) the ... | a clock steps a computer through a cycle of phases . for the propagation of logical symbols from one computer to another , each computer must mesh its phases with arrivals of symbols from other computers .
even the best atomic clocks drift unforeseeably in frequency and phase ; feedback steers them toward aiming poin... | [
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within the framework of continuum mechanics there are surface and bulk material failure models .
surface failure models are known by name of cohesive zone models ( czms ) . in the latter case ,
continuum is enriched with discontinuities along surfaces - cohesive zones - with additional traction - displacement - sep... | cracks are created by massive breakage of molecular or atomic bonds .
the latter , in its turn , leads to the highly localized loss of material , which is the reason why even closed cracks are visible by a naked eye .
thus , fracture can be interpreted as the local material sink .
mass conservation is violated lo... | [
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the anderson impurity model ( aim ) , in which a single , locally correlated orbital couples to a non - interacting metallic band of electrons , is a longstanding paradigm of strongly - correlated electron physics .
conceived originally@xcite to explain the formation of localized magnetic moments on impurities in non... | we consider an anderson impurity model in which the locally correlated orbital is coupled to a host with a gapped density of states .
single - particle dynamics are studied , within a perturbative framework that includes both explicit second - order perturbation theory and self - consistent perturbation theory to all... | [
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despite the mounting evidence for the existence of dark matter ( dm ) in galaxies , clusters of galaxies and the universe at large scale , the nature and properties of the dark matter particle are still largely unconstrained by observations .
in fact , viable dark matter models have been constructed with masses rangi... | we investigate the signatures at the large hadron collider of a minimal model where the dark matter particle is a majorana fermion that couples to the standard model via one or several coloured mediators .
we emphasize the importance of the production channel of coloured scalars through the exchange of a dark matter ... | [
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in this paper , we give canonical matrices of bilinear or sesquilinear forms @xmath12 where @xmath0 is a complex vector space and @xmath2 is its subspace .
we use the following canonical matrices of bilinear or sesquilinear forms on a complex vector space given in @xcite ( see also @xcite ) . two square complex matri... | let @xmath0 be a vector space over a field or skew field @xmath1 , and let @xmath2 be its subspace .
we study the canonical form problem for bilinear or sesquilinear forms @xmath3 and linear mappings @xmath4 @xmath5 @xmath6 @xmath7 we solve it over @xmath8 and reduce it over all @xmath1 to the canonical form problem ... | [
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the presence of large and rapidly varying electric and magnetic fields in relativistic heavy ion collisions results in charge - dependent effects , visible in a series of observables in the final state of the collision .
these effects can be used as a new source of information on the space - time evolution of the non... | the large and rapidly varying electric and magnetic fields induced by the spectator systems moving at ultrarelativistic velocities induce a charge splitting of directed flow , @xmath0 , of positive and negative pions in the final state of the heavy ion collision . the same effect results in a very sizeable distortion o... | [
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existence of extra neutral gauge bosons has been predicted in many extensions of the standard model ( sm ) @xcite .
string - inspired models and grand - unification ( gut ) models usually contain a number of extra @xmath7 symmetries , beyond the hypercharge @xmath8 of the sm .
the exceptional group @xmath1 is one o... | the decay of the @xmath0 boson into supersymmetric particles is studied .
we investigate how these supersymmetric modes affect the current limits from the tevatron and project the expected sensitivities at the lhc .
employing three representative supersymmetric @xmath0 models , namely , @xmath1 , @xmath2 , and the ... | [
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44,
... |
collisionless shocks @xcite play an important role in energy transport and evolution of charged - particle distribution functions in space and astrophysical environments .
although collisionless shocks in plasmas were first predicted in the 1950s @xcite and discovered in the 1960s @xcite , many questions relating to ... | we describe numerical simulations , using the particle - in - cell ( pic ) and hybrid - pic code lsp [ t. p. hughes et al .
, phys .
rev .
st accel .
beams * 2 * , 110401 ( 1999 ) ] , of the head - on merging of two laboratory supersonic plasma jets .
the goals of these experiments are to form and study as... | [
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the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon has recently been measured to an accuracy of 0.54 ppm @xcite .
the main source of uncertainty in the value predicted @xcite in the standard model is given by the hadronic contribution , @xmath7 , to the lowest order .
this quantity is estimated with a dispersion integral ... | the kloe experiment at the da@xmath0ne @xmath1-factory has performed a new precise measurement of the pion form factor using initial state radiation events , with photons emitted at small polar angle .
results based on an integrated luminosity of 240 pb@xmath2 and extraction of the @xmath3 contribution to @xmath4 in ... | [
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one of the principal goals of the study of field theories on fuzzy spaces is to develop an alternative non - perturbative technique to the familiar lattice one @xcite . to date , this new approach in the case of four dimensional field theories has been limited to studies of euclidean field theory on @xmath0 @xcite , @x... | a fuzzy circle and a fuzzy 3-sphere are constructed as subspaces of fuzzy complex projective spaces , of complex dimension one and three , by modifying the laplacians on the latter so as to give unwanted states large eigenvalues .
this leaves only states corresponding to fuzzy spheres in the low energy spectrum ( thi... | [
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428,
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... |
the recent discovery of 10 hypervelocity stars ( hvss ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ) has raised many questions about their nature and origin .
the most widely accepted ejection mechanism , proposed by @xcite , involves the encounter of a close binary with a super... | we measure the projected rotational velocities of the late b - type hypervelocity stars hvs7 and hvs8 from high resolution spectroscopy to be 60 @xmath0 17 km s@xmath1 and 260 @xmath0 70 km s@xmath1 .
the slow rotation of hvs7 is in principle consistent with having originated in a binary system , assuming a high in... | [
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generally , discussions of theory of dielectric response begin very formally and derive the lorentz - drude model by introducing a complex dielectric function that gives an out - of - phase damping term . in real space
this corresponds to a spatially and temporally local damping term .
often there is an appeal to t... | we present an exactly solvable model of a classical dielectric medium that gives an unambiguous local decomposition of field and charge motion and their contribution to the conserved quantities .
the result is a set of four branches to the dispersion law that gives full independent freedom in the selection of initial... | [
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... |
a gaseous atomic target with very low momentum spread is an ideal starting point for atomic scattering experiments .
this was demonstrated with great success by the invention of the coltrims ( cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy ) technique @xcite . while in coltrims experiments , the target is an atomic bea... | we report on a new experimental platform for the measurement of absolute scattering cross - sections .
the target atoms are trapped in an optical dipole trap and are exposed to an incident particle beam .
the exponential decay of the atom number directly yields the absolute total scattering cross - section .
the ... | [
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in this paper we consider the numerical integration of autonomous stochastic differential delay equations ( sddes ) in the it s sense @xmath5 with initial data @xmath6 $ ] . here
@xmath7 is a delay term satisfying @xmath8 and @xmath9 , @xmath10 .
we assume that the initial data is independent of the wiener measure ... | a new , improved split - step backward euler ( ssbe ) method is introduced and analyzed for stochastic differential delay equations(sddes ) with generic variable delay .
the method is proved to be convergent in mean - square sense under conditions ( assumption [ olc ] ) that the diffusion coefficient @xmath0 is globa... | [
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it is an interesting fact that the liquid state has proven to be difficult to describe by theory throughout the history of condensed matter research @xcite .
the problem extends beyond condensed matter and exists in other areas where strong interactions are combined with dynamical disorder such as field theory . i... | we develop an approach to liquid thermodynamics based on collective modes .
we perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of noble , molecular and metallic liquids and provide the direct evidence that liquid energy and specific heat are well - described by the temperature dependence of the frenkel ( hopping ) f... | [
21603,
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62,
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ultracold quantum gases provide a very exciting branch of physics . besides the interesting physics that the gases offer by themselves , it has also been possible in the last few years to model with quantum gases systems from other branches of physics , and by doing so to provide answers to long - standing questions . ... | the combination of a vortex line in a one - dimensional optical lattice with fermions bound to the vortex core makes up an ultracold superstring . we give a detailed derivation of the way to make this supersymmetric string in the laboratory .
in particular , we discuss the presence of a fermionic bound state in the v... | [
21603,
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recently , there has been a lot of interest in understanding the scaling behavior in submonolayer island nucleation and growth.@xcite one reason for this is that the submonolayer growth regime plays an important role in determining the later stages of thin - film growth.@xcite of particular interest is the dependence o... | the effects of cluster diffusion on the submonolayer island density @xmath0 and island - size distribution @xmath1 ( where @xmath2 is the density of islands of size @xmath3 at coverage @xmath4 ) are studied for the case of irreversible growth of compact islands on a 2d substrate . in our model , we assume instantaneous... | [
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3320,
22... |
among the various possibilities to explain the stripping of matter ( gas and stars ) from galaxies in clusters , the principal actors can be classified in three groups : + 1 .
tidal forces : + interaction with a companion , merger : in this case , a correlation between morphological type ( t ) and density ( @xmath0 ... | there are several physical processes to remove gas from galaxies in clusters , with subsequent starvation and star formation quenching : tidal interactions between galaxies , or tidal stripping from the cluster potential itself , interactions with the hot intra - cluster medium ( icm ) through ram pressure , turbulent ... | [
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a @xmath0 is a finite set @xmath1 paired with a finite set @xmath2 of unordered pairs @xmath3 with @xmath4 .
a simple graph has no multiple connections and no self - loops : every @xmath5 appears only once and no @xmath6 is in @xmath2 .
elements in @xmath1 are called , elements in @xmath2 are called . given a simpl... | by proving graph theoretical versions of green - stokes , gauss - bonnet and poincar - hopf , core ideas of undergraduate mathematics can be illustrated in a simple graph theoretical setting . in this pedagogical exposition
we present the main proofs on a single page and add illustrations . while discrete stokes is a... | [
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during past few years research in areas of wireless ad - hoc networks and wireless sensor networks ( wsns ) are escalated .
ieee 802.15.4 is targeted for wireless body area networks ( wbans ) , which requires low power and low data rate applications .
invasive computing is term used to describe future of computing ... | ieee 802.15.4 standard is designed for low power and low data rate applications with high reliability .
it operates in beacon enable and non - beacon enable modes . in this work ,
we analyze delay , throughput , load , and end - to - end delay of non - beacon enable mode . analysis of these parameters are performed... | [
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the hypothesis testing theory is a well developed branch of mathematical statistics @xcite .
the asymptotic approach allows to find satisfactory solutions in many different situations .
the simplest problems , like the testing of two simple hypotheses , have well known solutions . recall that if we fix the first t... | we consider the problem of hypothesis testing in the situation when the first hypothesis is simple and the second one is local one - sided composite .
we describe the choice of the thresholds and the power functions of the score function test , of the general likelihood ratio test , of the wald test and of two bayes ... | [
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the dimensionality of the 115 materials , cerhin@xmath1 , ceirin@xmath1 , and cecoin@xmath1 , appears to be related to their superconducting transition temperature .
the material with the highest t@xmath2 , cecoin@xmath0 , has the most 2d - like fermi surface ( fs ) of the three .
@xcite cerhin@xmath0 has a high t@... | measurements of the de haas - van alphen effect have been carried out on the heavy fermion anti - ferromagnet cerhin@xmath0 at temperatures between 25 mk and 500 mk under pressure .
we present some preliminary results of our measurements to track the evolution of the fermi surface as the pressure induced superconduct... | [
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it all began with the idea of an intrinsic limit to hadron thermodynamics . during the past fifty years
, different conceptual approaches had led to an ultimate temperature of strongly interacting matter .
pomeranchuk @xcite first obtained it from the finite spatial extension of hadrons : a hadron can only have an... | the study of high energy nuclear collisions has entered a new stage with rhic ; it therefore seems a good time to ask what we have learned from the experimental results obtained up to now .
i recall what we had expected to find when the sps and ags programs were started , summarize what actually was found , and then ... | [
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in theory , gravitational lenses can be used to address astrophysical problems such as the cosmological model , the structure and evolution of galaxies , and the structure of quasar accretion disks ( see the reviews by kochanek ( @xcite ) of strong lensing and wambsganss ( @xcite ) of microlensing ) .
one of the mai... | we demonstrate that gravitationally lensed quasars are easily recognized using image subtraction methods as time variable sources that are spatially extended . for galactic latitudes
@xmath0 , lensed quasars dominate the population of spatially extended variable sources , although there is some contamination from var... | [
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primordial gravity waves are expected to be produced during cosmic inflation in addition to scalar perturbations .
if indeed present , they would leave a characteristic footprint on the polarized anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) , as they are considered to be essentially the sole source of the ... | @xmath0-mode of polarized anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background is a unique and nearly direct probe of primordial inflation , which can constrain the amplitude of the primordial gravity waves .
however , its detection and precise measurement is made difficult by a minute amplitude of the signal , which has ... | [
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the solution of the absolute value equation ( ave ) of the following form is considered : @xmath0 here , @xmath1 , @xmath2 and @xmath3 denotes the component - wise absolute value of vector @xmath4 , i.e. , @xmath5 .
the ave ( [ eq:1 ] ) is a special case of the generalized absolute value equation ( gave ) of the type... | salkuyeh proposed the picard - hss iteration method to solve the absolute value equation ( ave ) , which is a class of non - differentiable np - hard problem . to further improve its performance ,
a nonlinear hss - like iteration method is proposed .
compared to that the picard - hss method is an inner - outer doub... | [
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the gravitational deflection of light beams by large scale structures of the universe ( cosmological lensing ) amplifies and modifies the shape of distant galaxies and quasars .
magnification produces correlation between the density of foreground lenses and the apparent luminosity of distant galaxies or quasars ( mag... | we present the current status of cosmic shear studies and their implications on cosmological models .
theoretical expectations and observational results are discussed in the framework of standard cosmology and cdm scenarios .
the potentials of the next generation cosmic shear surveys are discussed .
# 1 | [
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the presence of waves and oscillations in the solar corona is a well known feature that has been observed for long time . for an overview of the early observational background see @xcite . nowadays ,
because of the increasing spatial and temporal resolution of the euv instruments onboard trace , soho and hinode space... | we numerically investigate the excitation and temporal evolution of oscillations in a two - dimensional coronal arcade by including the three - dimensional propagation of perturbations .
the time evolution of impulsively generated perturbations is studied by solving the linear , ideal magnetohydrodynamic ( mhd ) equa... | [
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humans have evolved large brains , in part to handle the cognitive demands of social relationships @xcite .
the social structures resulting from these relationships confer numerous fitness advantages .
scholars distinguish between two types of social relationships : those representing strong and weak ties .
stro... | the social connections people form online affect the quality of information they receive and their online experience .
although a host of socioeconomic and cognitive factors were implicated in the formation of offline social ties , few of them have been empirically validated , particularly in an online setting . in t... | [
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for many years the forest has been considered a different class of objects with respect to galaxies .
the available sensitivity was too low to detect any sign of non primordial composition in the intergalactic gas clouds at high redshift .
thanks to the advent of high resolution and signal to noise spectroscopy ... | we present a detailed analysis of the ionisation state and heavy element abundances in the intergalactic medium ( igm ) .
the civ doublet is shown by 30 % of the 182 selected optically thin clouds in 10 qso lines of sight .
direct metallicy calculations have been performed on individual systems with detected civ an... | [
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recent evolution of mobile devices such as smart - phones and tablets has facilitated access to multi - media contents anytime and anywhere but such devices result in an explosive data traffic increase .
the cisco expects by 2019 that these traffic demands will be grown up to 24.3 exabytes per month and the mobile vi... | content delivery success in wireless caching helper networks depends mainly on cache - based channel selection diversity and network interference . for given channel
fading and network geometry , both channel selection diversity and network interference dynamically vary according to what and how the caching helpers c... | [
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a coamoeba is the image of a subvariety of a complex torus under the argument map to the real torus .
coamoebae are cousins to amoebae , which are images of subvarieties under the coordinatewise logarithm map @xmath0 .
amoebae were introduced by gelfand , kapranov , and zelevinsky in 1994 @xcite , and have subsequ... | a coamoeba is the image of a subvariety of a complex torus under the argument map to the real torus .
we describe the structure of the boundary of the coamoeba of a variety , which we relate to its logarithmic limit set .
detailed examples of lines in three - dimensional space illustrate and motivate these results ... | [
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tidal interaction between the lmc , the smc , and the galaxy have long been considered to play vital roles not only in dynamical and chemical evolution of the magellanic clouds ( mcs ) but also in the formation of the magellanic stream ( ms ) and bridge ( mb ) around the galaxy ( e.g. , westerland 1999 ; murai & fujimo... | we first show that a large amount of metal - poor gas is stripped from the small magellanic cloud ( smc ) and fallen into the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ) during the tidal interaction between the smc , the lmc , and the galaxy over the last 2 gyrs .
we propose that this metal - poor gas can closely be associated wi... | [
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neptune s triton is the only large planetary satellite to orbit retrograde relative to the planet s rotation . @xcite and later @xcite suggested that triton is a captured satellite , whose originally eccentric orbit was circularized due to tidal dissipation within triton .
@xcite postulate that triton was captured fr... | we present simulations of triton s post - capture orbit that confirm the importance of kozai - type oscillations in its orbital elements . in the context of the tidal orbital evolution model , these variations require average pericenter distances much higher than previously published , and
the timescale for the tidal... | [
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at the end of the stellar evolution on the asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) stars loose copious amounts of mass , which build up a circumstellar dust and gas shell hiding the star from optical view almost completely .
stars departing from the agb and evolving towards the planetary nebula ( pn ) phase are therefore dif... | the akari and spitzer satellites provided an unique opportunity to observe a variety of stars , which are considered as departing from the asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) and have started their post - agb evolution recently .
most of these stars are absent optically and are bright in the mid - ir wavelength range .
... | [
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the aim of statistical mechanics is to obtain a qualitative understanding of natural phenomena of phase transitions by the study of simplified models , often built on a lattices . in general the hamiltonian of a model of statistical mechanics
is left invariant by the lattice symmetries : a prototypical example being ... | this paper continues a study initiated in @xcite , on the localization transition of a lattice free field on @xmath0 interacting with a quenched disordered substrate that acts on the interface when its height is close to zero .
the substrate has the tendency to localize or repel the interface at different sites .
a... | [
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owing to the gapless energy spectrum @xcite , graphene layers ( gls ) absorb electromagnetic radiation in a wide spectral range ( from the ultraviolet to terahertz ) due to the interband transitions @xcite .
therefore , gls can be used in photodetectors , light sources , modulators , and mixers using the interband ... | we propose the concept of a terahertz ( thz ) uncooled bolometer based on n - type and p - type graphene layers ( gls ) , constituting the absorbing regions , connected by an array of undoped graphene nanoribbons ( gnrs ) .
the gls absorb the thz radiation with the gnr array playing the role of the barrier region ( r... | [
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this work continues earlier third - order relativistic many - body perturbation theory ( rmbpt ) studies of energy levels of ions with one valence electron outside a closed core . in refs .
@xcite third - order rmbpt was used to calculate energies of the three lowest states ( @xmath9 , @xmath10 , and @xmath11 ) in li... | energies of @xmath0 ( @xmath1 ) and @xmath2 states in neutral ag and ag - like ions with nuclear charges @xmath3 are calculated using relativistic many - body perturbation theory . reduced matrix elements , oscillator strengths , transition rates and lifetimes are calculated for the 17 possible @xmath4 and @xmath5 elec... | [
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microlensing is one of the most powerful methods that can be used to search for extrasolar planets @xcite .
recently , two robust microlensing detections of exoplanets were reported by @xcite and @xcite .
the signal of a planetary companion to microlens stars is a short - duration perturbation to the smooth standar... | although some of the properties of the caustics in planetary microlensing have been known , our understanding of them is mostly from scattered information based on numerical approaches . in this paper
, we conduct a comprehensive and analytic analysis of the properties of the planetary caustics , which are one of the... | [
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gamma - ray binaries are systems composed of a massive star and a compact object and from which persistent gev and/or tev gamma - ray emission is detected and dominates the overall non - thermal spectrum .
they emit across the electromagnetic spectrum from the radio to tev gamma ray ( see * ? ? ? * for a review ) .
... | we report on _ nustar _ , _ xmm - newton _ and _ swift _ observations of the gamma - ray binary 1fgl j1018.6@xmath05856 .
we measure the orbital period to be @xmath1 days using _ swift _ data spanning 1900 days .
the orbital period is different from the 2011 gamma - ray measurement which was used in the previous x... | [
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several theoretical predictions and scenarios have been proposed for the existence of ultra high energy ( uhe ) cosmic rays ( uhecr ) and uhe neutrinos @xmath5 detection of the uhecr and particularly uhe neutrinos would be of great importance for understanding the energy of powerful agns , gamma ray bursts and possible... | searching for the ultra high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos of @xmath0 is of great cosmological importance .
a powerful technique is to search for the erenkov radio emission caused by uhecr or uhe neutrinos impinging on the lunar regolith .
we examine in this paper feasibility of detecting these events by observi... | [
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the idea that our universe is an element in a vast set of universes , the multiverse , has been argued to be an interesting way to address the cosmological constant problem in the context of string theory @xcite .
of course , this scenario raises many questions . how is the vacuum of our world chosen ?
through anth... | we examine a new multiverse scenario in which the component universes interact .
we focus our attention to the process of true " vacuum nucleation in the false vacuum within one single element of the multiverse .
it is shown that the interactions lead to a collective behaviour that might lead , under specific cond... | [
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understanding the wetting behavior of liquids on solid substrates @xcite is a prerequisite for making use of a myriad of biological and technological applications such as eye irrigation , cell adhesion , tertiary oil recovery , coating , lubrication , paper industry , micro - mechanical devices , and the production of ... | mesoscopic hydrodynamic equations are solved to investigate the dynamics of nanodroplets positioned near a topographic step of the supporting substrate .
our results show that the dynamics depends on the characteristic length scales of the system given by the height of the step and the size of the nanodroplets as wel... | [
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multiple optimised parameter estimation and data compression ( moped ; @xcite ) is a patented algorithm for the compression of data and the speeding up of the evaluation of likelihood functions in astronomical data analysis and beyond .
it becomes particularly useful when the noise covariance matrix is dependent upo... | we investigate the use of the multiple optimised parameter estimation and data compression algorithm ( moped ) for data compression and faster evaluation of likelihood functions . since moped only guarantees maintaining the fisher matrix of the likelihood at a chosen point , multimodal and some degenerate distributions... | [
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all massive galaxies appear to host a supermassive black hole ( with @xmath4 ) at their center @xcite . measuring the mass of central black holes in galaxies is of great importance , as the discovery of a relationship between mass and the velocity dispersion of the stars in the central bulge , the @xmath3 relation @xci... | due to its proximity , the mass of the supermassive black hole in the nucleus of andromeda galaxy ( m31 ) , the most massive black hole in the local group of galaxies , has been measured by several methods involving the kinematics of a stellar disk that surrounds it .
we report here the discovery of an eccentric h@xm... | [
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recently conceptual issues of fundamental physical significance have been raised on the aharonov - bohm ( ab ) effect @xcite .
nonlocality and/or independent physical reality of the electromagnetic potentials seemingly implied by the ab effect have been questioned and debated in the recent literature @xcite .
the o... | recent literature on the aharonov - bohm effect has raised fundamental questions on the classical correspondence of this effect and the physical reality of the electromagnetic potentials in quantum mechanics .
reappraisal on feynman s approach to the classical limit of ab effect is presented .
the critique throws l... | [
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over decades theoretical studies of the single - particle spectral properties of metallic one - dimensional ( 1d ) correlated electron systems so - called luttinger liquids ( lls)were ahead of the experimental attempts to find or synthesize appropriate quasi 1d materials and perform spectroscopy on them . in fact , wh... | motivated by recent scanning tunneling and photoemission spectroscopy measurements on self - organized gold chains on a germanium surface we reinvestigate the local single - particle spectral properties of luttinger liquids . in the first part we use the bosonization approach to exactly compute the local spectral funct... | [
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for ultra - cold atoms in an optical lattice @xcite dynamical aspects include transverse resonances @xcite density waves @xcite , the evolution of quantum fluctuations @xcite , the speed of sound @xcite and time - resolved observation and control of superexchange interactions @xcite .
the aim of the present man... | the motion of two attractively interacting atoms in an optical lattice is investigated in the presence of a scattering potential .
the initial wavefunction can be prepared by using tightly bound exact two - particle eigenfunction for vanishing scattering potential .
this allows to numerically simulate the dynamics ... | [
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the color fields of hadrons boosted to the light cone are thought to grow very strong , parametrically of order @xmath2 where @xmath3 is the coupling @xcite .
the fields of nuclei are enhanced further by the high density of valence charges per unit transverse area , which is proportional to the thickness @xmath4 of ... | transverse momentum integrated multiplicities in the central region of @xmath0 collisions at lhc energies satisfy koba - nielsen - olesen scaling .
we attempt to relate this finding to multiplicity distributions of soft gluons .
kno scaling emerges if the effective theory describing color charge fluctuations at a s... | [
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despite its still limited extent , the sloan digital sky survey ( sdss ) continues to be a remarkable resource for studies of galactic structure .
in addition to the large scale features attributed to past galaxy accretion events @xcite , sdss data were used to detect the remarkably strong tidal tails of palomar 5 @x... | we report on the detection in sloan digital sky survey data of a @xmath0-long tidal stream of stars , extending from ursa major to cancer .
the stream has no obvious association with the orbit of any known cluster or galaxy .
the contrast of the detected stream is greatest when using a star count filter that is mat... | [
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entanglement renormalization@xcite is a renormalization group ( rg ) approach to quantum many - body systems on a lattice . as with most rg methods @xcite
, it proceeds by coarse - graining the microscopic degrees of freedom of a many - body system , and thus also their hamiltonian @xmath0 , to produce a sequence of ... | we propose algorithms , based on the multi - scale entanglement renormalization ansatz , to obtain the ground state of quantum critical systems in the presence of boundaries , impurities , or interfaces . by exploiting the theory of minimal updates [ ref . :
g. evenbly and g. vidal , arxiv:1307.0831 ] , the ground st... | [
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we are living in the golden age of cosmology . various data sets from precision measurements of temperature and polarization anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) radiation as well as those of matter density fluctuations in the large - scale structure of the universe mapped by galaxy redshift surveys , ... | high-@xmath0 galaxy redshift surveys open up exciting possibilities for precision determinations of neutrino masses and inflationary models .
the high-@xmath0 surveys are more useful for cosmology than low-@xmath0 ones owing to much weaker non - linearities in matter clustering , redshift - space distortion and galax... | [
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there has been an intense interest to understand the superconductivity of the recently discovered lafeaso.@xcite experiments have found values of the curie temperature ( t@xmath5 ) as large as 26 k for electron doping of lafeaso@xmath0f@xmath1 , 0.04 @xmath6 0.12@xcite .
similar values of t@xmath5 are found for hole ... | we study the changes in the fermi surface with electron doping in the lafeaso@xmath0f@xmath1 superconductors with density - functional supercell calculations using the linearized augmented planewave ( lapw ) method .
the supercell calculations with explicit f substitution are compared with those obtained from the vir... | [
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a comprehensive understanding of hamiltonian dynamics is a long outstanding problem in nonlinear and statistical physics , which has important applications in various other areas of physics .
typical hamiltonian systems are nonhyperbolic as they exhibit mixed phase space with coexisting regular and chaotic regions . ... | an adequate characterization of the dynamics of hamiltonian systems at physically relevant scales has been largely lacking .
here we investigate this fundamental problem and we show that the finite - scale hamiltonian dynamics is governed by effective dynamical invariants , which are significantly different from the ... | [
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grb light curves measured with swift consist of a bat light curve in the 15 150 kev range followed , after slewing within @xmath2 s , by a detailed 0.3 10 kev xrt x - ray light curve @xcite .
this information supplements our knowledge of the highly variable hard x - ray and @xmath0-ray light curves measured from ma... | highly variable @xmath0-ray pulses and x - ray flares in grb light curves can result from external shocks rather than central engine activity under the assumption that the grb blast - wave shell does not spread .
acceleration of cosmic rays to @xmath1 ev energies can take place in the external shocks of grbs .
esca... | [
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the mathematical theory of compressive sensing ( cs ) @xcite asserts that one can acquire signals from measurements whose rate is much lower than the total bandwidth . whereas the cs theory is now well developed , challenges concerning hardware implementations @xcite of cs - based acquisition devices , especially in op... | a bayesian compressive sensing framework is developed for video reconstruction based on the color coded aperture compressive temporal imaging ( cacti ) system . by exploiting the three dimension ( 3d ) tree structure of the wavelet and discrete cosine transformation ( dct )
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dpvs were discovered in the small magellanic cloud after a search for be stars in the ogle - ii database ( mennickent et al .
they were clearly distinguished from other variables by showing 2 linked photometric cycles ( @xmath1 and @xmath2 ) . a spectroscopic monitoring of some of them allowed to associate the short ... | we introduce the class of intermediate mass binaries named double periodic variables ( dpvs ) , characterized by orbital photometric variability ( ellipsoidal or eclipsing ) in time scales of few days and a long photometric cycle lasting roughly 33 times the orbital period . after a search conducted in the ogle and asa... | [
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main sequence stars with mass in the range 0.9 - 9 m@xmath2 evolve through a double shell burning phase , refered to as the asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) phase of evolution .
this phase is characterized by carbon dredge up of the core to the surface after each thermal pulse - helium shell flash - ( iben & renzini 1... | we discuss the possibilities of the basel models in its lowest temperature boundary ( t@xmath0@xmath12500 k for cool giants ) to provide the t@xmath0 of agb stars .
we present the first step of our work , by comparing our predictions for the agb star r fornacis with the results of lorenz - martins & lefvre ( 1994 ) b... | [
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percolation@xcite describes the passage of an influence through a medium which is irregularly structured in the sense that the influence can propagate through some regions whereas it can not pass other areas .
prominent examples for such media are computer networks like the internet where information propagates and i... | we study nonlinear random resistor diode networks at the transition from the non percolating to the directed percolating phase .
the resistor - like bonds and the diode - like bonds under forward bias voltage obey a generalized ohm s law , @xmath0 . based on general grounds as symmetries and relevance
we develop a ... | [
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the environments of quasars provide important clues to the physical processes of their formation and also yield important information about the relations between the distribution of quasars and the large - scale structure of the universe . for more than three decades
, we have known that quasars are associated with e... | we investigate the environments of quasars such as number distribution of galaxies using a semi - analytic model which includes both galaxy and quasar formations based on the hierarchical clustering scenario .
we assume that a supermassive black hole is fueled by accretion of cold gas and that it is a source of quasa... | [
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kullback - leibler ( kl ) divergence ( relative entropy ) can be considered as a measure of the difference / dissimilarity between sources .
estimating kl divergence from finite realizations of a stochastic process with unknown memory is a long - standing problem , with interesting mathematical aspects and useful app... | the entropy of an ergodic source is the limit of properly rescaled 1-block entropies of sources obtained applying successive non - sequential recursive pairs substitutions @xcite,@xcite . in this paper
we prove that the cross entropy and the kullback - leibler divergence can be obtained in a similar way .
_ keyword... | [
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in the last years , metamaterials have generated a huge interest among communities of physicists and mathematicians , owing to their extraordinary properties such as negative refraction @xcite , allowing the design of spectacular devices like the perfect flat lens @xcite or the cylindrical cloak in @xcite .
such prop... | we explore the spectral properties of the time - dependent maxwell s equations for a plane interface between a metamaterial represented by the drude model and the vacuum , which fill respectively complementary half - spaces .
we construct explicitly a generalized fourier transform which diagonalizes the hamiltonian t... | [
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bars within bars appear to be a common phenomenon in galaxies .
recent surveys indicate that up to 30% of early - type barred galaxies contain such double bars ( erwin & sparke 2002 ; laine et al .
inner bars remain distinct in near infrared ( wozniak et al .
1995 ) , therefore fairly old stars must contribute to... | when integrals in the standard tremaine - weinberg method are evaluated for the case of a realistic model of a doubly barred galaxy , their modifications introduced by the second rotating pattern are in accord with what can be derived from a simple extension of that method , based on separation of tracer s density .
... | [
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one of the most important goals in the study of star formation is to understand the state and physical conditions of the molecular cloud cores from which the stars form .
the prevailing view concerning low - mass - star - forming cores is that they are quasi - static equilibrium configurations supported against gravi... | under the assumptions that molecular clouds are nearly spatially and temporally isothermal and that the density peaks ( `` cores '' ) within them are formed by turbulent fluctuations , we argue that cores can not reach a hydrostatic ( or magneto - static ) state as a consequence of their formation process . in the non ... | [
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smoothed particle hydrodynamics ( sph ) is a particle - based numerical method , pioneered by @xcite and @xcite , for solving the equations of hydrodynamics ( recent reviews include @xcite ; @xcite ; @xcite ; @xcite ) . in sph ,
the particles trace the flow and serve as interpolation points for their neighbours .
t... | the numerical convergence of smoothed particle hydrodynamics ( sph ) can be severely restricted by random force errors induced by particle disorder , especially in shear flows , which are ubiquitous in astrophysics .
the increase in the number @xmath0 of neighbours when switching to more extended smoothing kernels _ ... | [
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hard x - ray ( hxr ) and microwave emissions show fine structures both temporally and spatially during a solar flare , which revealed that a highly - fragmented and intermittent particle acceleration occurs ( e.g. * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
this fragmented structure of solar flares indicates that a flare is an ensemble of... | we report a detailed examination of the fine structure inside flare ribbons and the temporal evolution of this fine structure during the x2.5 solar flare that occurred on 2004 november 10 .
we examine elementary bursts of the @xmath0 ( @xmath11550 ) emission lines seen as local transient brightenings inside the flare... | [
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quantum phase transitions , which occur when a driving parameter in the hamiltonian of the system changes across a critical point , play a central role in condensed matter physics @xcite . while most quantum phase transitions can be characterized by symmetry breaking , there is also an exception that can only be witne... | we study the quantum phase transition between abelian and non - abelian phases in an extended kitaev spin model on the honeycomb lattice , where the periodic boundary condition is applied by placing the lattice on a torus .
our analytical results show that this spin model exhibits a continuous quantum phase transitio... | [
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the experimental realization of dilute degenerate bose and fermi gases has led to an explosion of activities in the field of cold atom gases . a particularly intriguing feature of atomic bose and fermi gases is that their interaction strengths can be tuned experimentally through the application of an external magnetic ... | dilute fermi systems with large @xmath0-wave scattering length @xmath1 exhibit universal properties if the interparticle spacing @xmath2 greatly exceeds the range of the underlying two - body interaction potential . in this regime
, @xmath2 is the only relevant length scale and observables such as the energy per part... | [
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the massless gross - neveu ( gn ) model @xcite is the 1 + 1 dimensional quantum field theory of @xmath0 flavors of massless dirac fermions , interacting through a scalar - scalar contact interaction . suppressing flavor labels as usual ,
its lagrangian reads @xmath1 the physics phenomena inherent in this simple looki... | scattering of two baryons in the large-@xmath0 gross - neveu model via the time - dependent dirac - hartree - fock approach has recently been solved in closed analytical form . here , we generalize this result to scattering processes involving any number and complexity of the scatterers .
the result is extrapolated f... | [
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humankind has accrued _ a priori _ knowledge since the onset of _ homo sapiens_. from ancient cave paintings to modern research papers , the species desire toward sedimentation has been displayed as a documentary .
an encyclopedia , a set of documents that contains a vast collection of information from the entire fie... | wikipedia is a free internet encyclopedia with an enormous amount of content .
this encyclopedia is written by volunteers with various backgrounds in a collective fashion ; anyone can access and edit most of the articles .
this open - editing nature may give us prejudice that wikipedia is an unstable and unreliable... | [
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the anisotropic flow of particles has been an interesting observable , since data from the first heavy ion collisions became available at the bevalac .
the deflection of the produced particles in the reaction plane ( defined as the plane between impact parameter and beam direction ) can be quantified by the so called... | the sign change of the slope of the directed flow of baryons has been predicted as a signal for a first order phase transition within fluid dynamical calculations .
recently , the directed flow of identified particles has been measured by the star collaboration in the beam energy scan ( bes ) program . in this articl... | [
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the unconventional superconductors have a rich phase diagram determined by the interplay of multiple competing , or coexisting , types of order .
nematic order ( which breaks the c@xmath0 symmetry of the underlying square lattice down to c@xmath1 ) has been shown to emerge in certain regimes of the phase diagrams of ... | we present a phenomenological theory of the interplay between nematic order and superconductivity in the vicinity of a vortex induced by an applied magnetic field .
nematic order can be strongly enhanced in the vortex core . as a result
, the vortex cores become elliptical in shape . for the case
where there is w... | [
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since the invention of neutrino beams at accelerators and the consequent discovery of the two flavors of neutrinos@xcite , the reactions @xmath3 and @xmath4 , which are the dominant reactions of muon and electron neutrinos with energies from @xmath5 mev to @xmath6 gev , have played an important role in studies of neu... | accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments seek to make precision measurements of the neutrino flavor oscillations @xmath0 in order to determine the mass hierarchy of neutrinos and to search for cp violation in neutrino oscillations .
these experiments are currently performed with beams of muon neutrinos at energie... | [
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graphical models @xcite are a class of statistical models which combine the rigour of a probabilistic approach with the intuitive representation of relationships given by graphs .
they are composed by a set @xmath15 of _ random variables _ describing the data @xmath4 and a _ graph _
@xmath16 in which each _ vertex ... | graphical model learning and inference are often performed using bayesian techniques . in particular , learning is usually performed in two separate steps .
first , the graph structure is learned from the data ; then the parameters of the model are estimated conditional on that graph structure . while the probability... | [
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changes of the vector meson properties in strongly interacting matter at finite baryon density and temperature are presently of great interest , both theoretically and experimentally . in particular , the current heavy - ion experiments with the detector hades @xcite at the heavy - ion synchrotron sis18 ( gsi , darmsta... | within the borel qcd sum rule approach at finite baryon density we study the role of the four - quark condensates for the modifications of the vector mesons @xmath0 , @xmath1 and @xmath2 in nuclear matter .
we find that in - medium modifications of the @xmath0 and @xmath1 mesons are essentially dominated by the depen... | [
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measurements of the integrated light from a galaxy at 2000 provides a fairly direct measure of the instantaneous rate of star formation , since the massive stars that provide most of this radiation are short - lived compared with the age of the galaxy .
knowledge of the star formation rate also gives a measure of th... | we use galaxies detected in a deep ultraviolet xmm - newton optical monitor image and a model that predicts uv galaxy counts based on local counts and evolution parameters to constrain galaxy evolution to z=1.2 .
the 17 square 2000 ( uvw2 filter ) image was taken as part of the xmm - om team s guaranteed time progra... | [
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at large temperatures or large densities hadronic matter is expected to undergo two phase transitions : one which deconfines quarks ( and gluons ) and one which restores chiral symmetry . up to
now it is an unsettled issue whether these two phase transitions are distinct or coincide .
the more , it is even unclear ... | we study the possible existence of deconfined quark matter in the interior of neutron stars using the nambu jona - lasinio model to describe the quark phase .
we find that typical neutron stars with masses around 1.4 solar masses do not possess any deconfined quark matter in their center .
this can be traced back ... | [
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let @xmath5 be a compact torus with lie algebra @xmath6 and lattice @xmath7 .
suppose that @xmath5 acts on a compact symplectic manifold @xmath8 with isolated fixed points and moment map @xmath9 , where @xmath10 is dual to @xmath6 .
then @xmath11 where @xmath12 denotes the vector field on @xmath2 generated by the a... | the main purpose of this article is to extend some of the ideas from schubert calculus to the more general setting of hamiltonian torus actions on compact symplectic manifolds with isolated fixed points . given a generic component @xmath0 of the moment map , which is a morse function , we define a canonical class @xmat... | [
21603,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1... | [
8,
711,
1730,
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4285,
128,
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2874,
30,
6607,
3,
7,
63,
9208,
75,
1225,
388,
99,
1490,
7,
28,
129... |
the cosmological constant problem ( ccp ) is a biggest puzzle in particle physics @xcite , and consists of several pieces .
the first piece is that the vacuum energy density @xmath4 can be the cosmological constant @xmath5 and various sources of @xmath4 exist , e.g. , a zero point energy of each particle and potenti... | we study physics concerning the cosmological constant problem in the framework of effective field theory and suggest that a dominant part of dark energy can originate from gravitational corrections of vacuum energy , under the assumption that the classical gravitational fields do not couple to a large portion of the va... | [
21603,
10,
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2161,
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8,
166,
1466,
19,
24,
8,
10019,
827,
11048,
3320,
226,... | [
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62,
810,
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11599,
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4478,
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257,
138,
11698,
7,
13,
10019,
827,
3,
6,
365,
8,
20662,
24,
8,
1... |
we would like to study unflavoured decays of light neutral pseudoscalar mesons .
this reduces the particle content to @xmath1 , @xmath2 and eventually @xmath3 , ruling out @xmath4 decays that violate hypercharge conservation and are suppressed by @xmath5 ( two - photon decays are further suppressed by @xmath6 compare... | present and planned experiments motivate new theoretical study of properties of light unflavoured pseudoscalar meson decays .
an overview including details on two - loop calculation in @xmath0 limit is given .
chiral perturbation theory , radiative decay of @xmath1 , higher - order correction | [
21603,
10,
62,
133,
114,
12,
810,
73,
89,
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3320,
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3320,
226,
3357,
107,
357,
11,
3725... | [
1,
1,
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1,
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1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
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1... | [
915,
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1030,
30,
192,
3,
18,
6494,
18643,
16,
3320,
226,
3357,
107,
632,
2006,
... |
one of the most profound discoveries of observational physics is that the universe is accelerating in its expansion @xcite .
there have been many attempts to explain this late - time acceleration , for example , a pure cosmological constant , dark energy associated with some new scalar field and modified gravitation... | we consider the hypothesis of a limiting minimal curvature in gravity as a way to construct a class of theories exhibiting late - time cosmic acceleration .
guided by the minimal curvature conjecture ( mcc ) we are naturally lead to a set of scalar tensor theories in which the scalar is non - minimally coupled both t... | [
21603,
10,
80,
13,
8,
167,
13343,
25175,
13,
12556,
138,
3,
11599,
19,
24,
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12,
3209,
48,
1480,
3,
18,
97,
23224,
3,
6,
21,
677,
3,
6,
3,... | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
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1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1... | [
62,
1099,
8,
22455,
13,
3,
9,
3,
17979,
6211,
5495,
900,
2693,
16,
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3,
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1480,
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23224,
3,
5,
10995,
57,
8,
6211,
5495,
900,
2693,
975,
11827,
1462,
4... |
the turn of the century is a good time to assess the importance and impact of three - nucleon forces ( 3nfs ) on the development of the field of few - nucleon physics .
it has been 67 years since wigner@xcite first raised the possibility that three - nucleon forces might be significant in the triton : `` @xmath0 one ... | most nuclear physics ranges from insensitive to relatively insensitive to many - nucleon forces .
the dominant ingredient in calculations of nuclear properties is the nucleon - nucleon potential .
three - nucleon forces nevertheless play an important role in nuclear physics because of the great precision of modern ... | [
21603,
10,
8,
919,
13,
8,
2646,
19,
3,
9,
207,
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12,
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3859,
41,
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29,
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13,
8,
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13,
360,
3,
18,
206,
2482,
106,
3,
11599,
3,
5,
... | [
1,
1,
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1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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206,
2482,
106,
3,
18,
206,
2482,
106,
1055,
3,
5,
386,
3,
18,
... |
the application of cross - correlation techniques to measure velocity shifts has a long history ( simkin 1972 , 1974 ; lacy 1977 ; tonry & davis 1979 ) , and with the advent of massive digital spectroscopic surveys of galaxies and stars , the subject has renewed interest .
the recently completed sloan digital sky sur... | the measurement of doppler velocity shifts in spectra is a ubiquitous theme in astronomy , usually handled by computing the cross - correlation of the signals , and finding the location of its maximum .
this paper addresses the problem of the determination of wavelength or velocity shifts among multiple spectra of th... | [
21603,
10,
8,
917,
13,
2269,
3,
18,
18712,
2097,
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3,
117,
12,
29,
651,
3,
184,
836,
3466,
15393,
3,
61,
3,
6,
11... | [
1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
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1,
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1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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8,
9753,
13,
103,
1572,
1171,
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7,
16,
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7576,
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8,
9650,
3,
6,
11,
2342,
8,
1128,
13,
165,
2411,
3,
5,
48,
... |
the motivation behind studying the structure of the photon results from the interest in understanding the formation of hadronic matter .
permitted by the heisenberg uncertainty relation , the photon can fluctuate for some time into a quark anti - quark state .
this fluctuation can be disturbed , e.g. , by an elect... | recent experimental results on the partonic structure of the photon and on the color singlet exchange in strong interaction processes are reviewed . at the lep @xmath0 and hera @xmath1 colliders , complementary and consistent measurements
have been achieved on the quark - gluon structure of quasi - real and virtual p... | [
21603,
10,
8,
6620,
1187,
6908,
8,
1809,
13,
8,
1202,
29,
772,
45,
8,
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16,
1705,
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13,
141,
52,
4554,
1052,
3,
5,
10548,
57,
8,
3,
88,
159,
11063,
14068,
4689,
3,
6,
8,
1202,
29,
54,
23460,
342,
21,
128,
97,
13... | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
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1,
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1,
1,
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1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1... | [
1100,
11082,
772,
30,
8,
294,
4554,
1809,
13,
8,
1202,
29,
11,
30,
8,
945,
712,
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1101,
6565,
2842,
33,
9112,
3,
5,
44,
8,
90,
102,
3320,
226,
3357,
107,
632,
11,
160,
9,
3320,
226,
3357,
107,
536,
8029,
23,
588,... |
broad emission line regions ( blrs ) in active galactic nuclei ( agns ) have been the subject of extensive studies for more than two decades .
such regions are not spatially resolved , and all the available information about their geometry is obtained from analysis of variable lines . it is well established that phot... | we present a new scheme for modeling the broad line region in active galactic nuclei .
it involves photoionization calculations applied to a number of variable emission lines at _ all times_. we demonstrate how fitting all lines simultaneously provide strong constraints on several of the more important parameters , s... | [
21603,
10,
4358,
24578,
689,
6266,
41,
3,
115,
40,
52,
7,
3,
61,
16,
1676,
7922,
22884,
206,
2482,
23,
41,
3,
9,
122,
29,
7,
3,
61,
43,
118,
8,
1426,
13,
3616,
2116,
21,
72,
145,
192,
4160,
3,
5,
224,
6266,
33,
59,
15208,
... | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1... | [
62,
915,
3,
9,
126,
5336,
21,
15309,
8,
4358,
689,
1719,
16,
1676,
7922,
22884,
206,
2482,
23,
3,
5,
34,
5806,
1202,
23,
106,
1707,
19868,
2930,
12,
3,
9,
381,
13,
7660,
24578,
2356,
44,
3,
834,
66,
648,
834,
5,
62,
5970,
14... |
observational determinations of the history of star formation in early - type galaxies ( hereafter etgs ) are of great importance because hierarchical models of galaxy formation make firm predictions for the relation between age , metallicity and @xmath0-enhancement as a function of mass .
these scaling relations , p... | we define a volume limited sample of over 14,000 early - type galaxies ( etgs ) selected from data release six of the sloan digital sky survey .
the density of environment of each galaxy is robustly measured . by comparing narrow band spectral line indices with recent models of simple stellar populations ( ssps ) we ... | [
21603,
10,
12556,
138,
11444,
7,
13,
8,
892,
13,
2213,
3239,
16,
778,
3,
18,
686,
7466,
8606,
15,
7,
41,
270,
10245,
3,
15,
17,
122,
7,
3,
61,
33,
13,
248,
3172,
250,
1382,
7064,
1950,
2250,
13,
24856,
3239,
143,
1669,
20099,
... | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1... | [
62,
6634,
3,
9,
2908,
1643,
3106,
13,
147,
209,
13161,
778,
3,
18,
686,
7466,
8606,
15,
7,
41,
3,
15,
17,
122,
7,
3,
61,
2639,
45,
331,
1576,
1296,
13,
8,
3,
7,
40,
32,
152,
1125,
5796,
3719,
3,
5,
8,
11048,
13,
1164,
13... |
let @xmath3 be a closed manifold and @xmath4 be a diffeomorphism on @xmath3 .
a periodic point @xmath5 is said to be _ hyperbolic _ , if the linearization @xmath6 does nt admit any eigenvalue of norm 1 .
associated to a hyperbolic periodic orbit are the _ stable _ and _ unstable manifolds _ @xmath7 of @xmath8 . a p... | we study some generic properties of partially hyperbolic symplectic systems with 2d center .
we prove that @xmath0 generically , every hyperbolic periodic point has a transverse homoclinic intersection for the maps close to a direct / skew product of an anosov diffeomorphism with a map on @xmath1 or @xmath2 . | [
21603,
10,
752,
3320,
226,
3357,
107,
519,
36,
3,
9,
3168,
388,
99,
1490,
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20624,
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8886,
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226,
3357,
107,
519,
3,
5,
3,
9,
16855,
500,
3320,
226,
3357,
107,
75... | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
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1,
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1... | [
62,
810,
128,
8165,
2605,
13,
14610,
6676,
4243,
447,
3,
7,
63,
9208,
75,
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1002,
28,
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1427,
3,
6,
334,
6676,
4243,
447,
16855,
500,
65,
3,
9,
3017,
7583,
... |
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