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SQuAD | f0e12e85ebfe44a590f58506d532c7d3 | Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing? | [
"laboratory"
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SQuAD | 45da0285fb7c4ba2b25fbdbf24607cfb | What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy? | [
"broad spectrum antibiotic"
] | What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy? | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect... | While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. | [
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SQuAD | 2059def505c247a1b8ae89687466ce61 | At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy? | [
"While the microorgainsim is being identified"
] | At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy? | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect... | While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. | [
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SQuAD | 6aed34b33ca24e98b4f7417e69437f0a | How long does the identification process take? | [
"several days"
] | How long does the identification process take? | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect... | Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | [
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SQuAD | 8600d7cab9384ab19f8bff3bd08389a7 | What happens when a doctor doesn't know the microorganism yet? | [
"broad spectrum antibiotic"
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SQuAD | 58473f842ad940769adb7273a75c2a92 | What happens in empirical therapy? | [
"a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified"
] | What happens in empirical therapy? | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect... | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. | [
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SQuAD | 5f66ec4113ca45b088c855be81360a58 | When is empirical started? | [
"before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim"
] | When is empirical started? | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect... | Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | [
"before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim"
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SQuAD | 4b7f1a4bb67c48a7a6cc0834db4d53e7 | What are antibiotics in chemical terms? | [
"semisynthetic modifications"
] | What are antibiotics in chemical terms? | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. | [
"semisynthetic modifications"
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SQuAD | a2756009e9894ccfa93333aa8b9579d9 | What type of antibiotics include penicilin? | [
"beta-lactam antibiotics"
] | What type of antibiotics include penicilin? | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. | [
"beta-lactam antibiotics"
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0.212810501456260... | The California Public Utilities Commission banned texting on the job Thursday after it was shown that a Metrolink train engineer involved in last week's deadly collision near Los Angeles sent text messages from his cell phone. It was unclear what 46-year-old Robert Sanchez was doing at the time of the crash Friday. The... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Ring (film) Ring (リング , Ringu ) is a 1998 Japanese psychological horror film directed by Hideo Nakata, adapted from the novel "Ring" by Kôji Suzuki, which in turn draws on the Japanese folk tale Banchō Sarayashiki. The film stars Nanako Matsushima, Hiroyuki Sanada, and Rikiya Ōtaka. The film is centered around a report... |
SQuAD | 5cbfb77ba3754663b2f823683c02bd4f | What are the type of antibiotics which are taken from still living things? | [
"aminoglycosides"
] | What are the type of antibiotics which are taken from still living things? | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the quinolones, and the oxazolidinones—are produced solely by chemical synthesis. | [
"aminoglycosides"
] | [
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SQuAD | 926b1648f4854bb1b867a98476826516 | How are the slufonamides,quinolones, and oxazolidinones created? | [
"synthesis"
] | How are the slufonamides,quinolones, and oxazolidinones created? | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the quinolones, and the oxazolidinones—are produced solely by chemical synthesis. | [
"synthesis"
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SQuAD | df6c2af362d64136a69263d0b8a06f52 | Besides semisytetic modifications, what advances in medicinal chemistry regarding antibacterials? | [
"various natural compounds"
] | Besides semisytetic modifications, what advances in medicinal chemistry regarding antibacterials? | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. | [
"various natural compounds"
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SQuAD | 0e6aee774a0b4937a65c4a54175968fd | What is included in the beta-lactam antibiotics? | [
"penicillins"
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"penicillins"
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0.050858356... | Types of Leeks | eHowTypes of Leeks | eHow Types of Leeks Email Save Leeks are a hardy, perennial vegetable variety of the Alliaceae family that exhibit a mild flavor similar to that of an onion. These bulb vegetables grow in bunches and produce leafy, green stalks. Unlike its close relatives--onion and garlic--the l... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | There are many types of antibiotics and each class inhibits a process that is different in the pathogen from that found in the host. An example of how antibiotics produce selective toxicity are chloramphenicol and puromycin, which inhibit the bacterial ribosome, but not the structurally different eukaryotic ribosome. A... | Pumice: Solidified Frothy Lava | Rashid's BlogPumice: Solidified Frothy Lava | Rashid's Blog Pumice: Solidified Frothy Lava Posted on February 10, 2012 by Rashid Faridi Pumice is an igneous rocks which formed when lava cooled quickly above ground. Little pockets of air can be seen in the rock . This rock is so light, ... |
SQuAD | ac11e227e8d3474f8174dfdb35ce6dcf | What is penicillins produced by? | [
"fungi"
] | What is penicillins produced by? | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. | [
"fungi"
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0.2140817642... | British researchers Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett have found higher rates of health and social problems (obesity, mental illness, homicides, teenage births, incarceration, child conflict, drug use), and lower rates of social goods (life expectancy by country, educational performance, trust among strangers, wome... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | James LaRue Avery ( November 27 , 1945 -- December 31 , 2013 ) was an American actor , comedian , voice over artist and poet . He played patriarch Philip Banks in the sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air ( 1990 − 96 ) . This character was ranked # 34 in TV Guide 's `` 50 Greatest TV Dads of All Time . '' He also provid... |
SQuAD | 42a6f253cbf343af8c9db919376fc6fe | What does the potency of antibacterials depend upon? | [
"concentration"
] | What does the potency of antibacterials depend upon? | These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. These findi... | Since the activity of antibacterials depends frequently on its concentration, in vitro characterization of antibacterial activity commonly includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibacterial. | [
"concentration"
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0.17697019875049... | Watch Pickens respond to criticism that the U.S. can't shake it's oil addiction » He said he was still committed to 667 wind turbines that he has already ordered and would find homes for them. The Texas billionaire pushed The Pickens Plan in television commercials and lobbying efforts that started last summer. Pickens ... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Symphony No. 4 (Glass) Heroes Symphony is a symphony (also known as Symphony No. 4 "Heroes") composed by American composer Philip Glass in 1996 based on the album ""Heroes"" by David Bowie. Glass also based his earlier Low Symphony on the David Bowie album, "Low". David Bowie David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 Jan... |
SQuAD | 5755d5c0dc93471f81c31a123b7e04cd | What does this eliminate? | [
"bacterial infection"
] | What does this eliminate? | The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial gr... | These findings are based on laboratory studies, and in clinical settings have also been shown to eliminate bacterial infection. | [
"bacterial infection"
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SQuAD | 42aad83d0037434eb3c2cd582df0d9e3 | What does the bactericidal activitty of antibacterials depend on what? | [
"bacterial growth phase"
] | What does the bactericidal activitty of antibacterials depend on what? | The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial gr... | A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. | [
"bacterial growth phase"
] | [
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0.11107494682... | He was known as a ' consulting detective'. In the stories people came to him with strange and mysterious problems usually involving murder and robbery. Sherlock Holmes found the mysteries which were the strangest and most dangerous to be the most satisfying to solve. His friend and long time companion, Dr Watson, desc... | The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of resistant bacteria, while growth of susceptible bacteria is inhibited by the drug. For example, antibact... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | The Israeli military says it has found a "sketch" detailing "the deployment of explosives and Hamas forces" in the Al-Attara neighborhood in northern Gaza. The Israel Defense Forces says this map from Hamas shows positions of booby traps and snipers in Al-Attara. The Israel Defense Forces issued a news release Friday s... |
SQuAD | 925bd74725c54734a5dd43e633d8d775 | What besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in bactericidal activity? | [
"division of bacterial cells"
] | What besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in bactericidal activity? | The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial gr... | A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. | [
"division of bacterial cells"
] | [
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0.178028747439... | Ian McDiarmid Ian McDiarmid ( ; born 11 August 1944) is an Olivier and Tony award-winning Scottish character actor and director. He has appeared in 47 films since 1976. Internationally, he is most famous for his role as Palpatine in the "Star Wars" film series. Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace Star Wars: | The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of resistant bacteria, while growth of susceptible bacteria is inhibited by the drug. For example, antibact... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Saint Francis of Assisi (12th century) is remembered as the gentle giant who delighted in God's works as revealed by nature. He was originally named Giovanni, the Italian form of John, but got the nickname Francis because his father had taught him French as a boy. Frances is the feminine form. Musician Francis Sinatra,... |
SQuAD | 642dd4bedb9e44c597fc1adcd66e61f4 | What does the activity of antibacterials depends on? | [
"concentration"
] | What does the activity of antibacterials depends on? | These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. These findi... | Since the activity of antibacterials depends frequently on its concentration, in vitro characterization of antibacterial activity commonly includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibacterial. | [
"concentration"
] | [
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SQuAD | 4e82f1f74c0f4c398c0f9aa867aca074 | What does a successful treatment using antibiotics entail? | [
"host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial"
] | What does a successful treatment using antibiotics entail? | The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial gr... | These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. | [
"host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial"
] | [
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0.023937871679... | Antto Nikolai Tuomainen (born 26 December 1979) is a Finnish drummer, bassist, singer, guitarist and record producer. He is best known by his stage name Mana and is the current drummer of the Finnish metal band Lordi. Mana uses Tama drums and his own Balbex signature sticks. He is a fan of Kiss, Ian Paice, Cozy Powell ... | A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. These findings are based on laboratory studies, and in clinical settings have also been shown to eliminate bacterial infection. Since the activity of anti... | A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. These findings are based on laboratory studies, and in clinical settings have also been shown to eliminate bacterial infection. Since the activity of anti... | Lalique is a French glassmaker , founded by renowned glassmaker and jeweller René Lalique in 1888 . Lalique is best known for producing glass art , including perfume bottles , vases , and hood ornaments during the early twentieth century . Following the death of René , Lalique transitioned to producing lead glass ( cry... |
SQuAD | 8110da6157f0417fa1fbc357488d2429 | How do you predict the clinical result? | [
"several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy"
] | How do you predict the clinical result? | A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. These findings are based on laboratory studies, and in clinical settings have also been shown to eliminate bacterial infection. Since the activity of anti... | To predict clinical outcome, the antimicrobial activity of an antibacterial is usually combined with its pharmacokinetic profile, and several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy. | [
"several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy"
] | [
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SQuAD | ca251c37b4e749f19006422b73822b53 | In the build-up to genocide, what have other authors focused on? | [
"structural conditions"
] | In the build-up to genocide, what have other authors focused on? | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. | [
"structural conditions"
] | [
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SQuAD | f79c89a274574a3ab415f6e03a3ad073 | What processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide? | [
"psychological and social"
] | What processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide? | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. | [
"psychological and social"
] | [
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0.330581843852... | Funfair fun at the Nottingham Goose Fair | VisitEnglandFunfair fun at the Nottingham Goose Fair | VisitEngland Read more … Close × Legend has it that it that Goose Fair got its name from the hundreds of geese, which were at one time driven from Lincolnshire and Norfolk to be sold in Nottingham. Up until 1927 the fair w... | Harff and Gurr also differentiate between genocides and politicides by the characteristics by which members of a group are identified by the state. In genocides, the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality. In politicides the victim gr... | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | iomtt.com - Isle of Man TT Official WebsiteIsle of Man TT Official Website Official Partners Of The Isle Of Man TT Races: Fuelled By Monster Energy Isle of Man TT 2017 27 May - 09 June 2017 LiveLeak.com - ISLE OF MAN TT 2016 onborad footageLiveLeak.com - ISLE OF MAN TT 2016 onborad footage ISLE OF MAN TT 2016 onborad f... |
SQuAD | ce94c0543aca436a95dd9442976595be | Who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be economic deterioration and political confusion? | [
"Ervin Staub"
] | Who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be economic deterioration and political confusion? | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in many instances of genocides and mass killing. | [
"Ervin Staub"
] | [
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SQuAD | 77b30db488e54a29bfd248d0d910d3de | What is one preventive effort in circumventing conditions that lead to genocide? | [
"humanizing a devalued group"
] | What is [MASK] preventive effort in circumventing conditions that lead to genocide? | They lead to scapegoating a group and ideologies that identified that group as an enemy. A history of devaluation of the group that becomes the victim, past violence against the group that becomes the perpetrator leading to psychological wounds, authoritarian cultures and political systems, and the passivity of interna... | The conditions that lead to genocide provide guidance to early prevention, such as humanizing a devalued group, creating ideologies that embrace all groups, and activating bystander responses. | [
"humanizing a devalued group"
] | [
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SQuAD | c83ace4e46044af9a417c9e4b1c2a8c7 | What two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for genocide? | [
"Jonassohn and Björnson"
] | What [MASK] writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for genocide? | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. | [
"Jonassohn and Björnson"
] | [
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SQuAD | 200fb7e4b5ac4aeaad5ddfdb259fdac9 | The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events? | [
"their focus"
] | The [MASK] writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events? | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. | [
"their focus"
] | [
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SQuAD | dec13f7df8e44db594808f1d80833178 | What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of the whole of human history? | [
"Frank Chalk"
] | What writer joined [MASK] in the study of the whole of human history? | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | For example, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn studied the whole of human history, while Leo Kuper and R. J. Rummel in their more recent works concentrated on the 20th century, and Helen Fein, Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr have looked at post World War II events. | [
"Frank Chalk"
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SQuAD | e4dfbf2638d34766b5371f5012334250 | With whom was Leo Kuper paired in research that focused on 20th century works? | [
"R. J. Rummel"
] | With whom was [MASK] paired in research that focused on [MASK] works? | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | For example, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn studied the whole of human history, while Leo Kuper and R. J. Rummel in their more recent works concentrated on the 20th century, and Helen Fein, Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr have looked at post World War II events. | [
"R. J. Rummel"
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-0.3762570321559906... | The most commonly used EAN standard is the thirteen - digit EAN - 13 , a superset of the original 12 - digit Universal Product Code ( UPC - A ) standard developed in 1970 by George J. Laurer . An EAN - 13 number includes a 3 - digit GS1 prefix ( indicating country of registration or special type of product ) . A prefix... | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | The MVC pattern has subsequently evolved , giving rise to variants such as hierarchical model -- view -- controller ( HMVC ) , model -- view -- adapter ( MVA ) , model -- view -- presenter ( MVP ) , model -- view -- viewmodel ( MVVM ) , and others that adapted MVC to different contexts . |
SQuAD | 67a9a4dfef754bb68731f56bba246b15 | Two women and what man concentrated on post World War II events? | [
"Ted Gurr"
] | [MASK] women and what man concentrated on [MASK] events? | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | For example, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn studied the whole of human history, while Leo Kuper and R. J. Rummel in their more recent works concentrated on the 20th century, and Helen Fein, Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr have looked at post World War II events. | [
"Ted Gurr"
] | [
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-0.12551091611... | Gina Mainwal Gina Mainwal is an American rock musician and filmmaker. She is best known as the drummer for Sweet 75, a band formed by Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic after Nirvana disbanded. Mainwal has also drummed for the No WTO Combo, a punk rock band also including Novoselic, Jello Biafra, and Kim Thayil. Krist Nov... | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Co... |
SQuAD | 737eb78050f743b496d9ec95a6843686 | What is part of hje the make up of bacterial strains? | [
"Intrinsic antibacterial resistance"
] | What is part of hje the make up of bacterial strains? | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. | [
"Intrinsic antibacterial resistance"
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0.21459740400... | While in Marseilles in 1545, Polin was involved as a leader in the massacre of the Protestant Waldensians . Outside the Piedmont the Waldenses joined the local Protestant churches in Bohemia, France and Germany. After they came out of clandestinity and reports were made of sedition on their part, the French king, Franc... | For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been tra... | For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been tra... | Clark's Lookout State Park Clark's Lookout State Park is a Montana state park located one mile north of the community of Dillon. The 8 acre park encompasses the hill that overlooks the Beaverhead River that William Clark climbed on August 13, 1805 during the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The park offers picnicking and a ... |
SQuAD | 12c3627c318f4c3d839ed4a6643b2280 | What is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance? | [
"antibacterial resistance genes"
] | What is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance? | Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial r... | For instance, antibacterial resistance genes can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species via plasmids that carry these resistance genes. | [
"antibacterial resistance genes"
] | [
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0.19949452579... | The lakes of the English Lake District The English Lake District is made up of series of over 80 glacial lakes, mountain tarns and several reservoirs. Of these around 20 are considered significant. The sizes of the lakes varies, with Windermere being the largest in both length and width (10 x 1 miles or 17 x 1.6 Km). T... | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | The story is set in Amity , a seaside resort town on Long Island , New York . One night , a massive great white shark kills a young tourist named Chrissie Watkins while she skinny dips in the open waters . After finding what remains of her body washed up on the beach , investigators realize she was attacked by a shark ... |
SQuAD | 051c0bfff377470ebb8da0d751d76700 | What can be absent from the bacterial genome? | [
"antibiotic target"
] | What can be absent from the bacterial genome? | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. | [
"antibiotic target"
] | [
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0.44189414381... | A questionnaire called the teen timetable has been used to measure the age at which individuals believe adolescents should be able to engage in behaviors associated with autonomy. This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White pare... | Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA b... | Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA b... | Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ... |
SQuAD | 2f6174b696344cf09f38ac47425c1419 | When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/ | [
"vertical transmission"
] | When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/ | For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been tra... | The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange. | [
"vertical transmission"
] | [
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0.2714067399501... | The FSA is famous for its small but highly influential photography program , 1935 -- 44 , that portrayed the challenges of rural poverty . | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | `` Do n't Forget Me ( When I 'm Gone ) '' is a song by Canadian rock band Glass Tiger . It was released in January 1986 as the lead from their debut album , The Thin Red Line . The song reached number - one in Canada and number 2 in the United States . The song features backing vocals by rock singer Bryan Adams . |
SQuAD | 91cf767a97174442b8147e0d3d604b97 | What does some resistance come from? | [
"mutation"
] | What does some resistance come from? | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. | [
"mutation"
] | [
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-0.01887574... | The UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium, which seeks to reconceive and promote Biblical holiness in today's Church. It is also active in the World Methodist Council, an interdenominational group composed of various churches in the tradition of John Wesley to promote the Gospel throughout the world.... | Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA b... | Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA b... | Michael Ball to Play Edna in West End ... - Broadway.comMichael Ball to Play Edna in West End Hairspray; Newcomer Jones is Tracy | Broadway Buzz | Broadway.com Michael Ball to Play Edna in West End Hairspray; Newcomer Jones is Tracy News By Theatre.com Staff June 15, 2007 - 5:24PM Tweet Michael Ball is preparing to ste... |
SQuAD | e3d6f7864ba847a8adf5c67ee5aefd77 | What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance? | [
"vertical transmission of mutations"
] | What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance? | For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been tra... | The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange. | [
"vertical transmission of mutations"
] | [
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SQuAD | e5327b332767476f983a892e790ad6e7 | What do plasmids do in resistance? | [
"carry several different resistance genes"
] | What do plasmids do in resistance? | Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA b... | Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials. | [
"carry several different resistance genes"
] | [
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SQuAD | 240f90d1c3224dad86b3f8c5d0e79625 | What is a modern common occurence with antibiotics? | [
"resistance of bacteria"
] | What is a modern common occurence with antibiotics? | The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of... | The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. | [
"resistance of bacteria"
] | [
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0.394646406173... | Walking into the Colur Tyme Tattoo Parlor is a lot like walking into a head shop. One wall is lined with gang monikers and symbols, the other with bongs for smoking marijuana and other drugs -- one even shaped like a skull. The Colur Tyme Tattoo Parlor was set up by authorities to get at the heart of gang members. Only... | Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of... | Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of... | Tarapur Atomic Power Station ( T.A.P.S. ) is located in Tarapur , Palghar , India . It was the first commercial nuclear power station built in India . It is the world 's oldest nuclear power plant in commercial operation . |
SQuAD | 4b5b5f8622cf411cb67119615ed784b2 | When was the Luria-Delbruck experiment? | [
"1943"
] | When was the Luria-Delbruck experiment? | Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of... | For example, antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943 by the Luria–Delbrück experiment. | [
"1943"
] | [
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SQuAD | 0e54f565b22d4854be314cc8c25eac32 | Which two antibiotics that have high efficacy are much less useful now? | [
"penicillin and erythromycin"
] | Which [MASK] antibiotics that have high efficacy are much less useful now? | The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of resistant bacteria, while growth of susceptible bacteria is inhibited by the drug. For example, antibact... | Antibiotics such as penicillin and erythromycin, which used to have a high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains, have become less effective, due to the increased resistance of many bacterial strains. | [
"penicillin and erythromycin"
] | [
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SQuAD | 3a8994cdf0304cd1bf8c66fb51d8f7db | What does emergence of resistance reflect? | [
"evolutionary processes"
] | What does emergence of resistance reflect? | The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of... | Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. | [
"evolutionary processes"
] | [
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0.140292912... | Many SMC graduates transfer to the University of California system. It occupies 35 acres (14 hectares) and enrolls 30,000 students annually. The Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School, associated with the RAND Corporation, is the U.S.'s largest producer of public policy PhDs. The Art Institute of California – Los Ang... | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial r... | What better way to celebrate our 65th year," Julia Morley, Chairwoman of the Miss World Organisation said. According to the pageant's website , the country will be hosting the annual event for the sixth time this year. At the coronation night, Rolene Strauss of South Africa will pass on the crown to her successor. The ... |
SQuAD | 299d7812db11465f95eec9fc52b274dd | What is the purpose of antibiotic treatment? | [
"survive high doses of antibiotics"
] | What is the purpose of antibiotic treatment? | The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of... | The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. | [
"survive high doses of antibiotics"
] | [
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SQuAD | 1cd5d74a7e29415aada5f0c456f018d4 | When was antibacterial-resistance demonstrated? | [
"1943"
] | When was antibacterial-resistance demonstrated? | Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of... | For example, antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943 by the Luria–Delbrück experiment. | [
"1943"
] | [
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SQuAD | 01b108445c3743d89e9c34f366c0cf62 | Who made the demonstration in 1943? | [
"Luria–Delbrück"
] | Who made the demonstration in [MASK]? | Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of... | For example, antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943 by the Luria–Delbrück experiment. | [
"Luria–Delbrück"
] | [
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SQuAD | 23972488f5714bcd9b82b10cd6a10d3c | What type of organism has been reported to have worked on infections? | [
"mold"
] | What type of organism has been reported to have worked on infections? | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). | [
"mold"
] | [
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SQuAD | fcddb21b6e8b41a3aa612f3d3b0cd7d4 | Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold? | [
"Alexander Fleming"
] | Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold? | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. | [
"Alexander Fleming"
] | [
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SQuAD | ef2ee552c6a342e1a4f3bf86f5e430a1 | What mold did Fleming notice had antibacterial properties? | [
"penicillin"
] | What mold did [MASK] notice had antibacterial properties? | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). | [
"penicillin"
] | [
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0.349629133939... | Passionate Minds Passionate Minds: The Great Enlightenment Love Affair is a 2006 book by author David Bodanis. Written in the form of a novel, the book deals with the life and love of Voltaire and his mistress, scientist Émilie du Châtelet. It also discusses the theories they propounded about life, theology and the nat... | Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago. Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mo... | Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago. Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mo... | Doom (2016 video game) Doom is a first-person shooter video game developed by id Software and published by Bethesda Softworks. A reboot of the "Doom" franchise, it is the fourth title in the main series and the first major installment since "Doom 3" in 2004. It was released worldwide on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4... |
SQuAD | 1cc88d566372479eb28d41bcfbcec69f | What did Fleming initially think a good use would be for it? | [
"chemotherapy"
] | What did [MASK] initially think a good use would be for it? | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | Fleming postulated that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound he named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy. | [
"chemotherapy"
] | [
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SQuAD | 73ac6325a8f648aeb0ae2fcc6078f2e9 | What are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes? | [
"superbugs"
] | What are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes? | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeuti... | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. | [
"superbugs"
] | [
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SQuAD | 1a03453461e24157828c182dba4b82c6 | What was a once almost controlled disease that is coming back do to resistance? | [
"tuberculosis"
] | What was a once almost controlled disease that is coming back do to resistance? | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeuti... | For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeutic challenges. | [
"tuberculosis"
] | [
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0.357897877... | Top 10 Greatest English Batsmen of All Time | CricmatezTop 10 Greatest English Batsmen of All Time | Cricmatez Top 10 Greatest English Batsmen of All Time Top 10 Greatest English Batsmen of All Time By 5 Top 10 Greatest English Batsmen of All Time Lets take a look at all the England Batsmen featuring in our list of Top... | The clearance of the pathogens, either treatment-induced or spontaneous, it can be influenced by the genetic variants carried by the individual patients. For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with... | The clearance of the pathogens, either treatment-induced or spontaneous, it can be influenced by the genetic variants carried by the individual patients. For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with... | When World War I broke out leading to confrontation between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire in the Caucasus and Persian Campaigns, the new government in Istanbul began to look on the Armenians with distrust and suspicion. This was because the Imperial Russian Army contained a contingent of Armenian volunteers... |
SQuAD | 3bf709400d474fdaa788c4200f6d03c6 | How many new infections of resistant TB are reported per year? | [
"half a million"
] | How many new infections of resistant TB are reported per year? | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeuti... | Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide. | [
"half a million"
] | [
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SQuAD | 1b71343ef56f42cca8f2d61e504832fe | What is the acronym used to describe resistant TB? | [
"MDR-TB"
] | What is the acronym used to describe resistant TB? | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeuti... | Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide. | [
"MDR-TB"
] | [
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0.26246607303619... | The two fallopian tubes are narrow tubes that open off from the uterus. Each tube reaches for one of the ovaries, but the tubes are not attached to the ovaries. The end of each fallopian tube by the ovary has fingers ( Figure 1.1). They sweep an egg into the fallopian tube. Then the egg passes through the fallopian tub... | The clearance of the pathogens, either treatment-induced or spontaneous, it can be influenced by the genetic variants carried by the individual patients. For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with... | The clearance of the pathogens, either treatment-induced or spontaneous, it can be influenced by the genetic variants carried by the individual patients. For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with... | `` Hard Habit to Break '' is a song written by Steve Kipner and John Lewis Parker , produced and arranged by David Foster and recorded by the group Chicago for their 1984 album Chicago 17 , with Bill Champlin and Peter Cetera sharing lead vocals . Released as the second single from the album , it reached No. 3 on the B... |
SQuAD | d21d5dbc82e0491d9781d85e7681ccc6 | What is one potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics? | [
"decreased effectiveness"
] | What is [MASK] potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. | [
"decreased effectiveness"
] | [
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-0.0735509544... | Four members of Florida A&M University's fabled Marching 100 band have been arrested on hazing charges, a spokeswoman for the Tallahassee college said Friday. The charges are unrelated to the November hazing death of drum major Robert Champion. FAMU police arrested three of the students Thursday night; the fourth turne... | Caffeinated alcoholic energy drinks can be hazardous as caffeine can mask the influence of alcohol and may lead a person to misinterpret their actual level of intoxication . However , in 2012 the scientific review paper `` Energy drinks mixed with alcohol : misconception , myths and facts '' was published , discussing ... | Caffeinated alcoholic energy drinks can be hazardous as caffeine can mask the influence of alcohol and may lead a person to misinterpret their actual level of intoxication . However , in 2012 the scientific review paper `` Energy drinks mixed with alcohol : misconception , myths and facts '' was published , discussing ... | The Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame honours Canadian country music artists , builders or broadcasters , living or deceased . The artifact collection includes extensive biographical information on the inductees . It is located in downtown Merritt , British Columbia at 2025 Quilchena Avenue . The facility is open yea... |
SQuAD | f70af04127e440958de7536156769cc4 | Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol? | [
"moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics"
] | Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. | [
"moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics"
] | [
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SQuAD | fdb3aeb3989e4000ad51ff9580999796 | Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic? | [
"there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects"
] | Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. | [
"there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects"
] | [
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SQuAD | c8c5955b18424a2880d20da9452c3110 | How common is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? | [
"widespread"
] | How common is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread. | [
"widespread"
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SQuAD | 32ad67a17f6244deb9737a2aa2253de8 | What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause? | [
"decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy"
] | What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. | [
"decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy"
] | [
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SQuAD | 5e3dab5559fe45d2b453d3b726b4ceb3 | What is unlikely to interfere with with many common antibiotics? | [
"alcohol consumption"
] | What is unlikely to interfere with with many common antibiotics? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. | [
"alcohol consumption"
] | [
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SQuAD | ea0fe659212041f58b98f0dd3f823d20 | What belief should bever be mixed widespread? | [
"alcohol and antibiotics"
] | What belief should bever be mixed widespread? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread. | [
"alcohol and antibiotics"
] | [
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SQuAD | 9453a7a803bb45e6b0b105233cbb2835 | What common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness? | [
"alcohol"
] | What common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. | [
"alcohol"
] | [
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SQuAD | db4752ba50bc4b549df1aff62d6158a1 | What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol? | [
"specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects"
] | What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. | [
"specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects"
] | [
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SQuAD | 46658ac9f3ea4afdb22e50175b58d7a3 | Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics? | [
"alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed"
] | Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics? | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread. | [
"alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed"
] | [
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SQuAD | 0c33f2f420ce40ed8b127515fb52b25b | What was the first available antibiotic? | [
"Prontosil"
] | What was the [MASK] available antibiotic? | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. | [
"Prontosil"
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SQuAD | cae7afdccade491889a2087336a03517 | What company developed Prontosil? | [
"IG Farben"
] | What company developed [MASK]? | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. | [
"IG Farben"
] | [
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SQuAD | c25607a835cc4d09a54b8e1a5bef4ed7 | Who led the team that came up with Prontosil? | [
"Gerhard Domagk"
] | Who led the team that came up with [MASK]? | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. | [
"Gerhard Domagk"
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SQuAD | 91237ba6118f44d68f98638cd2fd3455 | What prize did Domagk get for his work? | [
"1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine"
] | What prize did [MASK] get for his work? | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. | [
"1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine"
] | [
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SQuAD | 4023a820def14c428f354a0bbef576a6 | What is a way of improperly using antibiotics for those traveling? | [
"prophylactic antibiotics"
] | What is a way of improperly using antibiotics for those traveling? | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. | [
"prophylactic antibiotics"
] | [
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SQuAD | 19cf4926c14f475b876ab433ce88a25c | What can happen if a doctor doesn't prescribe to a person's weight and prior use? | [
"failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage"
] | What can happen if a doctor doesn't prescribe to a person's weight and prior use? | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. | [
"failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage"
] | [
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SQuAD | 8e78e24aa7914bc3a58122895fd3299e | What are 3 other common forms of bad antibiotic practices? | [
"failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery"
] | What are [MASK] other common forms of bad antibiotic practices? | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery. | [
"failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery"
] | [
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SQuAD | 9a16c9f008494f68ad66bea1c1d52c1c | What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics? | [
"Inappropriate antibiotic treatment"
] | What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics? | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment, for example, is their prescription to treat viral infections such as the common cold. | [
"Inappropriate antibiotic treatment"
] | [
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SQuAD | 095bdc6325864f9ba4a106e976417823 | What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right? | [
"prescribe antibiotics"
] | What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right? | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | One study on respiratory tract infections found "physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients who appeared to expect them". | [
"prescribe antibiotics"
] | [
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SQuAD | 1f812d2d0ba14078a5285487b07baf99 | In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide? | [
"About 30"
] | In [MASK], how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide? | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. | [
"About 30"
] | [
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0.11637528240680... | Some biographical accounts include the autobiography Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy Who Discovered He Was Black by Gregory Howard Williams; One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life—A Story of Race and Family Secrets written by Bliss Broyard about her father Anatole Broyard; the documentary Colored White... | A U.N. tribunal convicted two Serb cousins Monday of having burned alive more than 100 Muslims in what the presiding judge called a part of the "wretched history of man's inhumanity to man. "Serb Milan Lukic has been found guilty of burning alive more than 100 Muslims. Milan Lukic and Sredoje Lukic were convicted of cr... | A U.N. tribunal convicted two Serb cousins Monday of having burned alive more than 100 Muslims in what the presiding judge called a part of the "wretched history of man's inhumanity to man. "Serb Milan Lukic has been found guilty of burning alive more than 100 Muslims. Milan Lukic and Sredoje Lukic were convicted of cr... | One year after the collapse of banking stalwart Lehman Brothers, the administrator of its European business says the full impact on creditors may not be known until 2010.One year ago cameras caught shocked Lehman Brothers' employees leaving the building with boxes. Tony Lomas, a partner for PricewaterhouseCoopers, has ... |
SQuAD | 987f20a0e5b04fc8af51be2196ec9006 | Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action? | [
"several plea bargains"
] | Convicted perpetrators [MASK] and [MASK] were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action? | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstić... | [
"several plea bargains"
] | [
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0.026815451681613922... | Retrieved July 31, 2013. Early life Jimmy Lee Swaggart was born on March 15, 1935, in Ferriday, Louisiana to Willie Leon (a.k.a., "Son") (1915–1998) and Minnie Belle ( Herron) Swaggart (1917–1960), who were both local sharecroppers. By relation, he is also the nephew of Arilla ( Swaggart) Wells (1916–2015), who was als... | A U.N. tribunal convicted two Serb cousins Monday of having burned alive more than 100 Muslims in what the presiding judge called a part of the "wretched history of man's inhumanity to man. "Serb Milan Lukic has been found guilty of burning alive more than 100 Muslims. Milan Lukic and Sredoje Lukic were convicted of cr... | A U.N. tribunal convicted two Serb cousins Monday of having burned alive more than 100 Muslims in what the presiding judge called a part of the "wretched history of man's inhumanity to man. "Serb Milan Lukic has been found guilty of burning alive more than 100 Muslims. Milan Lukic and Sredoje Lukic were convicted of cr... | The Feeding of the 5,000 is also known as the `` miracle of the five loaves and two fish '' , because the Gospel of John reports that five barley loaves and two small fish supplied by a boy were used by Jesus to feed a multitude . According to Matthew 's gospel , when Jesus heard that John the Baptist had been killed ,... |
SQuAD | c442c65f07d5461abe562aafcebc56f0 | Tolimir was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge? | [
"conspiracy to commit genocide"
] | [MASK] was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge? | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstić... | [
"conspiracy to commit genocide"
] | [
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0.0892318189144134... | Alan Freeman Alan Leslie "Fluff" Freeman, MBE (6 July 1927 – 27 November 2006) was an Australian-born British disc jockey and radio personality in the United Kingdom for 40 years, best known for presenting "Pick of the Pops "from 1961 to 2000. Brian Fahey (composer) Brian Fahey (25 April 1919 – 4 April 2007) was a Brit... | A U.N. tribunal convicted two Serb cousins Monday of having burned alive more than 100 Muslims in what the presiding judge called a part of the "wretched history of man's inhumanity to man. "Serb Milan Lukic has been found guilty of burning alive more than 100 Muslims. Milan Lukic and Sredoje Lukic were convicted of cr... | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | William Vere Reeve King-Fane Colonel William Vere Reeve King-Fane, JP, DL (born Fane; 29 October 1868 – 5 November 1943) was an English local politician, magistrate and landowner, who served as Vice-Chairman of Kesteven County Council and High Sheriff of Lincolnshire. High Sheriff of Lincolnshire The High Sheriff is th... |
SQuAD | 80644e2e50dd40a49b1bbdc715f42744 | Another charge beyond the act of genocide and for which Krstic and Nikolic were found guilty was what? | [
"aiding and abetting genocide"
] | Another charge beyond the act of genocide and for which [MASK] and [MASK] were found guilty was what? | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstić... | [
"aiding and abetting genocide"
] | [
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0.052662249654... | From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers were hired to buil... | A U.N. tribunal convicted two Serb cousins Monday of having burned alive more than 100 Muslims in what the presiding judge called a part of the "wretched history of man's inhumanity to man. "Serb Milan Lukic has been found guilty of burning alive more than 100 Muslims. Milan Lukic and Sredoje Lukic were convicted of cr... | A Spanish court Wednesday convicted five men accused of Islamic terrorist activities that included aiding fugitives from the Madrid train bombings of 2004 and planning other attacks. The five men include three Moroccans, an Algerian and a Turk. Their sentences, on charges of collaborating or belonging to an Islamic ter... | The Tigers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. One of the AL's eight charter franchises, the club was founded in Detroit in 1901 . They are the oldest continuous one-name, one-city franchise in the AL The Tigers have won four World Series championships (... |
SQuAD | 8f3c861371484624b60df70b0e43e703 | Three others were charged with participating in genocides in Bosnia by which country's courts? | [
"German courts"
] | [MASK] others were charged with participating in genocides in [MASK] by which country 's courts? | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | Three others have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia by German courts, one of whom Nikola Jorgić lost an appeal against his conviction in the European Court of Human Rights. | [
"German courts"
] | [
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0.11187172681093... | Protestantism is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation,[a] a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Anglicani... | A U.N. tribunal convicted two Serb cousins Monday of having burned alive more than 100 Muslims in what the presiding judge called a part of the "wretched history of man's inhumanity to man. "Serb Milan Lukic has been found guilty of burning alive more than 100 Muslims. Milan Lukic and Sredoje Lukic were convicted of cr... | A Spanish court Wednesday convicted five men accused of Islamic terrorist activities that included aiding fugitives from the Madrid train bombings of 2004 and planning other attacks. The five men include three Moroccans, an Algerian and a Turk. Their sentences, on charges of collaborating or belonging to an Islamic ter... | The History of Barbie Dolls - About.com MoneyHistory of Barbie Doll and Inventor Ruth Handler Inventors The first Barbie doll shown at New York Toy Fair in 1959. Courtesy of Barbie Media & Mattel The Barbie doll was invented in 1959 by Ruth Handler (co-founder of Mattel ), whose own daughter was called Barbara. Barbie ... |
SQuAD | 1505637ee2474e19a7ad5b3d19e032a4 | What is the name of a US government agency tasked with trying to stop improper use of antibiotics? | [
"US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance"
] | What is the name of a [MASK] government agency tasked with trying to stop improper use of antibiotics? | Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicr... | The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. | [
"US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance"
] | [
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0.2302211523... | By the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir William Hamilton's excavations at Pom... | Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses.[citation needed] However, commonly the... | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to re... | Three Rivers District Council Three Rivers District Council is the local authority for the Three Rivers non-metropolitan district of England, the United Kingdom. Three Rivers is located in the south-west of Hertfordshire, in the East of England region. The Council itself is based in Rickmansworth, the largest settlemen... |
SQuAD | 54a395b904994573bd78d7b65c1797e4 | Which agencies control this task force? | [
"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)"
] | Which agencies control this task force? | Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicr... | This task force aims to actively address antimicrobial resistance, and is coordinated by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as other US agencies. | [
"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)"
] | [
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0.0419979803264... | All Supreme Court justices were white and of European heritage until the appointment of Thurgood Marshall , the first African American Justice , in 1967 . Since then , only two other non-white Justices have been appointed , Marshall 's African - American successor , Clarence Thomas in 1991 , and Sonia Sotomayor in 2009... | Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses.[citation needed] However, commonly the... | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | It was unclear what 46-year-old Robert Sanchez was doing at the time of the crash Friday. The National Transportation Safety Board is investigating claims that he was sending text messages when his commuter train slammed into a Union Pacific freight train in Chatsworth. Twenty-five people were killed, including Sanchez... |
SQuAD | 673802bb9824408493c3aa3f32a87aa3 | When did the French start going after overuse of antibiotics? | [
"2002"
] | When did the [MASK] start going after overuse of antibiotics? | The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicrobial resistance, and is coordinated by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration ... | In France, an "Antibiotics are not automatic" government campaign started in 2002 and led to a marked reduction of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, especially in children. | [
"2002"
] | [
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0.2528838... | Some skyscraper buildings and other types of installation feature a destination operating panel where a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car. The system lets them know which car to wait for, instead of everyone boarding the next car. In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes few... | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to re... | Pärt's music is in part inspired by Gregorian chant. His most performed works include "Fratres" (1977), "Spiegel im Spiegel" (1978), and "Für Alina" (1976). Pärt has been the most performed living composer in the world for five consecutive years. Stabat Mater (Pärt) Stabat Mater is a musical setting of the Stabat Mater... |
SQuAD | a8818b1c96264153b6f50ab8685ce56a | What do anitibiotics mostly target? | [
"bacterial functions or growth processes"
] | What do anitibiotics mostly target? | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. | [
"bacterial functions or growth processes"
] | [
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SQuAD | 88c79121d03446f18646faaae7606281 | Which two types of antibiotics target the cell wall? | [
"penicillins and cephalosporins"
] | Which [MASK] types of antibiotics target the cell wall? | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. | [
"penicillins and cephalosporins"
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SQuAD | e5f085fa35c244619f35b77380c181f5 | Which type of antibiotic goes after the cell membrane? | [
"polymyxins"
] | Which type of antibiotic goes after the cell membrane? | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. | [
"polymyxins"
] | [
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SQuAD | dc0c7dcc5f00401284740e43222b306e | Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified? | [
"mechanism of action"
] | Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified? | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. | [
"mechanism of action"
] | [
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0.42242756485... | It's a combination, it's like a perfect storm. Economy problems. Selling the house right now is a tremendous operation .... We've had this house on the market for two years. We've shown it, I don't know how many, 50 organizations or people. Nobody has made an offer. I mean, it's just a lovely home. | An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth . Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against . For example , antibiotics are used against bacteria and antifungals are used against fungi . They can also be classified according to their f... | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | On June 20th , 1789 , the members of the French Estates - General for the Third Estate , who had begun to call themselves the National Assembly , took the Tennis Court Oath ( French : Serment du Jeu de Paume ) , vowing `` not to separate , and to reassemble wherever circumstances require , until the constitution of the... |
SQuAD | 748e92d37945436eb364ae46c70cf8e3 | What is another name used for bacterial cell wall? | [
"penicillins and cephalosporins"
] | What is another name used for bacterial cell wall? | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. | [
"penicillins and cephalosporins"
] | [
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SQuAD | dc194b126f3f482b9ec99f0e3f60634e | whats another word for cell membrane? | [
"polymyxins"
] | whats another word for cell membrane? | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. | [
"polymyxins"
] | [
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0.13944138... | `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' is a song by Randy Newman . Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney / Pixar animated film Toy Story , it has since become a major musical component for its sequels , Toy Story 2 ( 1999 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole Toy Story franchise ... | Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibacterial antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as Gram-negat... | Bacterial infections may be treated with antibiotics, which are classified as bacteriocidal if they kill bacteria, or bacteriostatic if they just prevent bacterial growth. There are many types of antibiotics and each class inhibits a process that is different in the pathogen from that found in the host. An example of h... | Howard Ashman Howard Elliott Ashman (May 17, 1950 – March 14, 1991) was an American playwright and lyricist. He collaborated with Alan Menken on several works and is most widely known for several animated feature films for Disney, for which Ashman wrote the lyrics and Menken composed the music. Ashman and Menken began ... |
SQuAD | 26f3c5105ee44aaeb150ae1221347356 | How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics was introduced in the late 2000's/ | [
"four"
] | How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics was introduced in [MASK] | Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibacterial antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as Gram-negat... | Following a 40-year hiatus in discovering new classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibacterial antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and l... | [
"four"
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0.469132363796... | Marine habitats can be divided into coastal and open ocean habitats . Coastal habitats are found in the area that extends from as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline out to the edge of the continental shelf . Most marine life is found in coastal habitats , even though the shelf area occupies only seven percent of... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Maggie May (musical) Maggie May is a musical with a book by Alun Owen and music and lyrics by Lionel Bart. Based on "Maggie May", a traditional ballad about a Liverpool prostitute, it deals with trade union ethics and disputes among Irish-Catholic dockers in Liverpool, centring on the life of streetwalker Margaret Mary... |
SQuAD | ec800b659f0846adac47f7e7fefdc921 | What three ways are antibiotics classified? | [
"mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity"
] | What [MASK] ways are antibiotics classified? | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. | [
"mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity"
] | [
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SQuAD | 604e8d470e6d41408d7881c5d7b36425 | When did the EU ban antibiotics for speeding up growth? | [
"2003"
] | When did the [MASK] ban antibiotics for speeding up growth? | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. | [
"2003"
] | [
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0.405105799... | Waking Ned Waking Ned (titled Waking Ned Devine in North America) is a 1998 comedy film by English writer and director Kirk Jones. It stars Ian Bannen, David Kelly, and Fionnula Flanagan. Kelly was nominated for a Screen Actors' Guild award for his role as Michael O'Sullivan. The film is set in Ireland but was filmed i... | Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses.[citation needed] However, commonly the... | There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South... | How to Eat How to Eat is a 1998 book of English cuisine by the celebrity cook Nigella Lawson. It features culinary tips on preparation and saving time, and sold 300,000 copies in Britain. It was praised by critics as a valuable guide to cooking. Nigella Lawson Nigella Lucy Lawson (born 6 January 1960) is an English jou... |
SQuAD | 963996cdb7194012a8dd9278c9332822 | What report caused the UK to worry about resistance? | [
"Swann report 1969"
] | What report caused the [MASK] to worry about resistance? | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. | [
"Swann report 1969"
] | [
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SQuAD | 8d31e152d7e949fb9ab39e2c1d8e5ec2 | What 3 medical associations supported the bills? | [
"American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA)"
] | What [MASK] medical associations supported the bills? | Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses.[citation needed] However, commonly the... | These bills were endorsed by public health and medical organizations, including the American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA). | [
"American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA)"
] | [
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0.084745548665523... | Due to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can typically write to both... | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | Cherry Hill is a township in Camden County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the township had a population of 71,045 , reflecting an increase of 1,080 ( + 1.5 % ) from the 69,965 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 617 ( + 0.9 % ) from the 69,348 counted in the... |
SQuAD | bf0203b4f2014d28bd3dc3bfebd92f7e | What was the first antibiotic developed from nature? | [
"tyrothricin"
] | What was the [MASK] antibiotic developed from nature? | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. | [
"tyrothricin"
] | [
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SQuAD | b112d55853294e17916e4bc86fda07cd | When was tyrothricin created? | [
"1939"
] | When was tyrothricin created? | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. | [
"1939"
] | [
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0.233372... | Somalia is facing life-threatening food and water shortages leaving millions at risk for starvation, the International Committee of the Red Cross said Wednesday. A growing percentage of Somalia's population has become dependent on humanitarian aid. "The Somali people are going through unbearable hardship," said Pascal ... | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | As of 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 57.9% of Florida's population. Out of the 57.9%, the largest groups were 12.0% German (2,212,391), 10.7% Irish (1,979,058), 8.8% English (1,629,832), 6.6% Italian (1,215,242), 2.8% Polish (511,229), and 2.7% French (504,641). White Americans of a... |
SQuAD | 4d6d5f2825224052a59809a189ac7f57 | What also happened in 1939 besides tyrothricin? | [
"start of World War II,"
] | What also happened in [MASK] besides tyrothricin? | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. | [
"start of World War II,"
] | [
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0.0944189205... | Madison Nicole Ziegler ( born September 30 , 2002 ) , better known as Maddie Ziegler , is an American dancer , actress and model . She first became known for appearing in Lifetime 's reality show Dance Moms from 2011 ( at age 8 ) until 2016 . From 2014 to 2017 , she gained wider fame for starring in six music videos by... | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | (The very name of US postal codes, "ZIP codes", reflects this evolutionary growth from a zone plan to a zone improvement plan [ZIP].) Modern postal codes were first introduced in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in December 1932, but the system was abandoned in 1939. The next country to introduce postal codes wa... |
SQuAD | cfbc5bfdc58940af975af73d67c43db5 | Who discovered tyrothricin? | [
"Rene Dubos"
] | Who discovered tyrothricin? | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. | [
"Rene Dubos"
] | [
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0.184740841388... | The 32nd Filmfare Awards were held in 1985. Sai Paranjpye's Sparsh walked away with the big prizes. The film's release was delayed by almost 4 years. Anupam Kher won the Best Actor award for his first film, Saaransh. Anil Kapoor also won his first Filmfare Award this year. This year, the trend backed away from Parallel... | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | Violet Beauregarde is the third person to find a Golden Ticket , and one of the four main antagonists of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory . She is the vain , self - centered , snobby , and gum - obsessed child . Violet chews gum obsessively and boasts that she has been chewing the same piece `` for three months solid ... |
SQuAD | 4dac2b912f684c0494e4bdd2af7ba4e4 | What was tyrothricin used for during the war? | [
"wounds and ulcers"
] | What was tyrothricin used for during the war? | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II. | [
"wounds and ulcers"
] | [
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0.08490306... | The Cincinnati Reds are an American professional baseball team based in Cincinnati , Ohio . The Reds compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . They were a charter member of the American Association in 1882 and joined the NL in 1890 . | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | City of Adelaide is a clipper ship, built in Sunderland, England, and launched on 7 May 1864. The ship was commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS "Carrick between 1923 and 1948 and, after decommissioning, was known as Carrick" until 2001. At a conference convened by HRH The Duke of Edinburgh in 2001, the decision was ma... |
SQuAD | c57496efce9547fe8527e8c115ecba6c | What do vaccines need to work? | [
"immune modulation or augmentation"
] | What do vaccines need to work? | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a... | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. | [
"immune modulation or augmentation"
] | [
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-0.10061953961... | Grant Hill Grant Henry Hill (born October 5, 1972) is a retired American basketball player and a sports show host on NBA TV's NBA Inside Stuff. Hill played for four teams in his professional career in the National Basketball Association (NBA); the Detroit Pistons, Orlando Magic, Phoenix Suns, and Los Angeles Clippers. ... | Influenza vaccines , also known as flu shots or flu jabs , are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses . A new version of the vaccine is developed twice a year , as the Influenza virus rapidly changes . While their effectiveness varies from year to year , most provide modest to high protection agai... | Influenza vaccines , also known as flu shots or flu jabs , are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses . A new version of the vaccine is developed twice a year , as the Influenza virus rapidly changes . While their effectiveness varies from year to year , most provide modest to high protection agai... | Houston's powderpuff is native to Central America and is a large shrub to small tree that has feathery foliage. It flowers anytime from late summer to the following spring, with spire-like flowers that have whisker-like whorls of pinkish red stamens. Acacia In Europe, flowers of the botanical genus Acacia are commonly ... |
SQuAD | b0e400a4cdb14860a0c3a4f6e96b990a | What type of vaccines have saved millions of lives? | [
"Antibacterial vaccines"
] | What type of vaccines have saved [MASK] of lives? | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a... | Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases. | [
"Antibacterial vaccines"
] | [
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0.0089222593232... | John H. Wilson Tunnels The John H. Wilson Tunnels are a pair of highway tunnels passing through the Ko‘olau Range on the island of O‘ahu. The tunnels are located on Likelike Highway (Route 63), which connects Kāneʻohe with Honolulu, and are 2775 feet (845.8 m) long westbound and 2813 feet (857.4 m) long eastbound, at .... | Influenza vaccines , also known as flu shots or flu jabs , are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses . A new version of the vaccine is developed twice a year , as the Influenza virus rapidly changes . While their effectiveness varies from year to year , most provide modest to high protection agai... | Influenza vaccines , also known as flu shots or flu jabs , are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses . A new version of the vaccine is developed twice a year , as the Influenza virus rapidly changes . While their effectiveness varies from year to year , most provide modest to high protection agai... | Home Alone ( stylized as HOME ALONe ) is a series of Christmas family comedy films originally created by John Hughes , and directed by Chris Columbus ( 1 & 2 ) , Raja Gosnell ( 3 ) , Rod Daniel ( 4 ) and Peter Hewitt ( 5 ) . The films revolve around the adventures surrounding a child who is left home alone during the H... |
SQuAD | 97cf39292977415ca2e4f601a6ec8ed2 | What types of vaccines have been phased out? | [
"Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates"
] | What types of vaccines have been phased out? | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a... | Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates have been replaced largely by less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines consisting of purified components, including capsular polysaccharides and their conjugates, to protein carriers, as well as inactivated toxins (toxoids) and proteins. | [
"Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates"
] | [
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0.256477773189... | The House passed the penultimate version of the bill on December 19 , 2017 , though for Senate procedural reasons small changes were needed and a revote was held in the House . The Senate passed the final version on December 20 in a 51 -- 48 vote and that final version was passed by the House of Representatives on that... | Influenza vaccines , also known as flu shots or flu jabs , are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses . A new version of the vaccine is developed twice a year , as the Influenza virus rapidly changes . While their effectiveness varies from year to year , most provide modest to high protection agai... | Influenza vaccines , also known as flu shots or flu jabs , are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses . A new version of the vaccine is developed twice a year , as the Influenza virus rapidly changes . While their effectiveness varies from year to year , most provide modest to high protection agai... | Karim Benzema drove in Real's fifth on 73 after a square pass from fellow substitute Mesut Ozil, whose first-half introduction in place of Lassana Diarra swung the match in Madrid's favor. Ronaldo completed his second hat-trick this season with six minutes to play, chipping in a penalty after being fouled. Real's third... |
SQuAD | 84c8396e32a4404082afbae57f6fd573 | In what city did Frédéric achieve celebrity status? | [
"Paris"
] | In what city did [MASK] achieve celebrity status? | In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de ... | In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. | [
"Paris"
] | [
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-0.280525475740... | Several of the city's large general museums are located near the Boulevard. On Boulevard proper are the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, lending their name to what is sometimes called the Museum District. Nearby on Broad Street is the Science Museum of Virginia, housed in the neoclassic... | Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner. You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc." Liszt was in attend... | Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi... | Romantic Novelists' Association The Romantic Novelists' Association (RNA) is an association of romantic fiction writers in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1960, mainly through the efforts of Denise Robins (first president), Barbara Cartland (first vice-president), Vivian Stuart (first elected chairman), and other author... |
SQuAD | d70a06ce3d5c4be9b2b966a4f179c859 | Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society that Frédéric became acquainted with? | [
"Adam Mickiewicz"
] | Who was the principal of [MASK] that [MASK] became acquainted with? | In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de ... | Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs. | [
"Adam Mickiewicz"
] | [
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-0.0175301823765... | Frederick G. Payne Frederick George Payne (July 24, 1904 – June 15, 1978) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Senator from Maine from 1953 to 1959. He previously served as the 60th Governor of Maine from 1949 to 1952. Maine gubernatorial election, 1948 The 1... | Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner. You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc." Liszt was in attend... | Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner. You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc." Liszt was in attend... | Silverback Gorilla Facts - TROPICAL RAINFOREST FACTSSILVERBACK GORILLA FACTS Silverback Gorilla Facts Open/Close Menu Introduction The Silverback Gorilla, a type of ape found in tropical rainforests, is also known as the Mountain Gorilla or the Eastern Lowland Gorilla. The fact that there are roughly 700 Silverbacks le... |
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