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SQuAD
ad97b1406c884d6e8846020620fa9ea9
What is the highest tax bracket in Montana?
[ "6.9 percent" ]
What is the highest tax bracket in [MASK]?
Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent. Montana has no sales tax. In Montana, household goods are exempt from property taxes. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. The ...
Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent.
[ "6.9 percent" ]
[ 0.05721169710159302, 0.10331371426582336, 0.04833327978849411, 0.3728444576263428, 0.1228783130645752, 0.5856871008872986, 0.04194668307900429, 0.1325872242450714, -0.1768953800201416, -0.045679815113544464, -0.027306729927659035, 0.07296539098024368, -0.09440895915031433, -0.0967117398977...
PERCENT
between 63 % and over 70 %
0.855367
up to 97 %
0.726036
SQuAD
7a6a4b2d49a048fca44ac6d909a95d6f
Near where do the rivers form up for the Missouri river merging?
[ "Three Forks" ]
Near where do the rivers form up for the [MASK] river merging?
East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks ...
East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls.
[ "Three Forks" ]
[ 0.18170073628425598, -0.05787185579538345, 0.3122486174106598, 0.21702004969120026, 0.44551393389701843, 0.31152278184890747, 0.2528309226036072, -0.06298132985830307, -0.14792361855506897, -0.5752213597297668, -0.021596478298306465, -0.029891125857830048, -0.08701381087303162, 0.077192373...
GPE
Two Harbors
0.791348
Altha
0.046819
SQuAD
db4a788ac8324f6fa2f8ea9c14bc4216
How many species of game fish have hunting seasons?
[ "at least 17" ]
How many species of game fish have hunting seasons?
Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five federally endangered species–black-footed ferret, whooping crane, least tern, pallid sturgeon and white sturgeon and seven threa...
The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish including seven species of trout, walleye and smallmouth bass and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, wh...
[ "at least 17" ]
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CARDINAL
at least fourteen
0.836697
70 million
0.389973
SQuAD
a30fa3f06dab48e0a1ed2730794c8b4e
How much did the population increase since 2010?
[ "4.40%" ]
How much did the population increase since [MASK]?
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century...
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census.
[ "4.40%" ]
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PERCENT
182 %
0.988861
over 70 percent
0.497524
SQuAD
cc528ee669684242bef6ae3029bca470
What county saw the largest growth?
[ "Gallatin County" ]
What county saw the largest growth?
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century...
During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which saw a 32 percent increase in its population from 2000-2010.
[ "Gallatin County" ]
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GPE
Pingcheng County
0.962735
Bilad Al Qadeem
0.05545
SQuAD
fd19af88901b4dc793822987ef0a273d
What city saw the largest growth?
[ "Kalispell" ]
What city saw the largest growth?
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century...
The city seeing the largest percentage growth was Kalispell with 40.1 percent, and the city with the largest increase in actual residents was Billings with an increase in population of 14,323 from 2000-2010.
[ "Kalispell" ]
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GPE
Bozeman
0.525008
Little Aylmer
0.256376
SQuAD
a9dfd350abab4ecbb17ae7f3d9deb7ed
What year was the Hellgate treaty formed?
[ "1855" ]
What year was the [MASK] treaty formed?
As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and th...
In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and the Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations.
[ "1855" ]
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DATE
1804
0.876182
April 21 , 1933
0.434565
SQuAD
c3c0f9c66d4c4015947fedea7d932ae4
Who negotiated the Hellgate treaty?
[ "Isaac Stevens" ]
Who negotiated the [MASK] treaty?
As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and th...
In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and the Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations.
[ "Isaac Stevens" ]
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PERSON
Isaac Kidd
0.879446
R.J. Richards
0.670274
SQuAD
16f5b12d82904f889093f68d6500c8f3
What year was the treaty ratified?
[ "1859" ]
What year was the treaty ratified?
As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and th...
The treaty was ratified in 1859.
[ "1859" ]
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DATE
1903
0.875058
October 12 , 1874
0.466192
SQuAD
8a9b80f76b2e4645866f723bb00dc179
What did the treaty establish?
[ "Flathead Indian Reservation" ]
What did the treaty establish?
As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and th...
While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions.
[ "Flathead Indian Reservation" ]
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GPE
the Indian Territories
0.799591
the Portland District
0.659597
SQuAD
f098ac2c95994bbf831d011a1dd30cd2
When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west?
[ "1881" ]
When did [MASK] reach [MASK] from the west?
Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w...
Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882.
[ "1881" ]
[ -0.19758422672748566, 0.10959704220294952, 0.06962405890226364, 0.11506674438714981, 0.27609750628471375, 0.16727639734745026, 0.29469209909439087, 0.019347749650478363, -0.030444664880633354, -0.18235079944133759, -0.03128610551357269, -0.05533812195062637, 0.2178063839673996, 0.084349527...
DATE
1827
0.872921
the summer of 1833
0.331483
SQuAD
8149efd98a5e4ea1a15a697263751c57
What year was the Great White Sioux War?
[ "1876" ]
What year was [MASK]?
However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 which were challenged forcefully by the Sioux under chief Sitting Bull. These clashes, in part, contributed to t...
Surveys in 1874, 1875 and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876.
[ "1876" ]
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DATE
1826
0.876675
17 October 1931
0.506679
SQuAD
971bd23907414bc4a5ea828bc7387b27
What is the largest European-American race in Montana?
[ "German" ]
What is the largest [MASK] race in [MASK]?
While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled...
While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota.
[ "German" ]
[ -0.09991534054279327, 0.019521422684192657, -0.12446687370538712, 0.3178878724575043, 0.21117889881134033, 0.418386310338974, 0.18927595019340515, 0.30472561717033386, -0.48203396797180176, -0.06055087968707085, -0.04587527737021446, -0.1559167504310608, -0.2949817180633545, 0.104972772300...
NORP
Prussian
0.771126
Illinoisans
0.27839
SQuAD
818925db8234446b970ad724781ce632
What year was Jeannette Rankin vote against war the first time?
[ "1917" ]
What year was [MASK] vote against war the [MASK] time?
In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended ...
In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war.
[ "1917" ]
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DATE
1865
0.809398
fall 1903
0.593796
SQuAD
49499e52e6934c13bb5a68222cdb2790
When did she vote a second time against war?
[ "1941" ]
When did she vote a [MASK] time against war?
In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended ...
In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war.
[ "1941" ]
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DATE
Spring 1942
0.829183
1892 – 1893
0.553814
SQuAD
4857ad2f1fc140c3b277bf10b8ea7f8a
What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison?
[ "1875" ]
What year did General [MASK] approach [MASK] about killing bison?
Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authoriz...
In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food.
[ "1875" ]
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DATE
1826
0.885016
Monday to Thursday
-0.015746
SQuAD
1aa388f7514c4cab8b7f3a57adb8b520
What was the name of the first US Army post?
[ "Camp Cooke" ]
What was the name of the [MASK] [MASK] post?
The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various ...
The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana.
[ "Camp Cooke" ]
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FAC
Camp Perry
0.922838
Tweeddale Court
0.25088
SQuAD
a0322ffa4368489bae6db264cf1f3ceb
When was the Montana Territory formed?
[ "April 26, 1864" ]
When was [MASK] formed?
The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal school on...
The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act.
[ "April 26, 1864" ]
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DATE
April 23 , 1875
0.990998
almost 130 years later
0.397969
SQuAD
114742496555444ebe0cd7e026236a24
When was the first formal school on record?
[ "1862" ]
When was the [MASK] formal school on record?
The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal school on...
The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862.
[ "1862" ]
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DATE
1804
0.834844
3 August 1147
0.20026
SQuAD
d037758878e048cabd4829ee572763d0
How much were students charged per week?
[ "$1.75" ]
How much were students charged per week?
The first school term started in early winter and only lasted until February 28. Classes were taught by Mr. Robinson. Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaug...
In this school students were charged $1.75 per week.
[ "$1.75" ]
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MONEY
$ 789
0.983214
between £ 50 and £ 150
0.757998
SQuAD
7cc4f71146cf4f138fe16e819736d0bc
When did the first public school in Virginia City formed?
[ "1886" ]
When did the [MASK] public school in [MASK] formed?
In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized...
Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed fhe first public school in Virginia City in 1886.
[ "1886" ]
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DATE
1892 until 1899
0.863476
the second half of March
0.197789
SQuAD
5643b71f99d34a40a00c0c1d977b1db9
What percentage of the population in Montana are Native peoples?
[ "6.5 percent" ]
What percentage of the population in [MASK] are Native peoples?
Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth high...
Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states.
[ "6.5 percent" ]
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PERCENT
only 35 %
0.820592
8 %
0.758104
SQuAD
3da4f0b7be8046318fb3d2ae164e296c
What is the official language of Montana?
[ "English" ]
What is the official language of [MASK]?
English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There w...
English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states.
[ "English" ]
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LANGUAGE
Spanglish
0.799073
Ifugao
0.171467
SQuAD
8553c49b40a6496d8354af1cb5e4adea
What percentage of the population in Montana speak English?
[ "94.8 percent" ]
What percentage of the population in [MASK] speak [MASK]?
English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There w...
According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home.
[ "94.8 percent" ]
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PERCENT
just 51 %
0.907934
186 %
0.8852
SQuAD
22850d7817404969bae87cfe710561f6
Following World War II, whose bid was successful in establishing the worldwide acceptance and the nascent legal definition of genocide?
[ "Lemkin" ]
Following [MASK], whose bid was successful in establishing the worldwide acceptance and the nascent legal definition of genocide?
After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution...
After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides.
[ "Lemkin" ]
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PERSON
Maslansky
0.767877
Walter Pidgeon
0.435278
SQuAD
4f236d567b9444db876ab1a5982bdc65
Which group convened officially for the first time in 1946?
[ "United Nations General Assembly" ]
Which group convened officially for the [MASK] time in [MASK]?
After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution...
In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law, but did not provide a legal definition of the crime.
[ "United Nations General Assembly" ]
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ORG
the United Nations Human Rights Committee
0.858738
Bookends
0.186951
SQuAD
87cdff1c1ae1406d976688efb21a5ae1
What year did the Homestead Act provide land to settlers?
[ "1862" ]
What year did [MASK] provide land to settlers?
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ...
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States.
[ "1862" ]
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DATE
1804
0.834844
43 days per year
0.105105
SQuAD
f56473a4905841b48374d3ee54146cdc
How much land did the Homestead Act allow?
[ "160 acres" ]
How much land did [MASK] allow?
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ...
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States.
[ "160 acres" ]
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QUANTITY
161 acres
0.922783
approximately 160 mi
0.623102
SQuAD
01f2716c43be4ea18e17819e157546e2
What year was the first homestead claim claimed?
[ "1868" ]
What year was the [MASK] homestead claim claimed?
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ...
The first homestead claim under the act in Montana was made by David Carpenter near Helena in 1868.
[ "1868" ]
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DATE
1820
0.880456
1592
0.492219
SQuAD
56f12a6dfd2b4ccca556fe6b6a2ae2e1
When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana?
[ "1866" ]
When was the [MASK] constitutional convention held in [MASK]?
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta...
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood.
[ "1866" ]
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DATE
1821
0.878257
November 18 , 1953
0.442688
SQuAD
4a7094fd8b7a472db72786e0d9b6f2fb
When was the second constitutional convention held?
[ "1884" ]
When was the [MASK] constitutional convention held?
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta...
A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884.
[ "1884" ]
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DATE
B.D. 1845
0.863073
April 3 , 1977
0.358846
SQuAD
1f5bc7802cda4c9e9a603ecdcde9b743
What year was Montana's statehood approved?
[ "1889" ]
What year was [MASK] 's statehood approved?
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta...
For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889.
[ "1889" ]
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DATE
1925
0.851915
New Years Day 2011
0.273969
SQuAD
44854a75b1924c3eb9f6d3861f32d9cc
When did Congress pass the Espionage Act?
[ "1917" ]
When did [MASK] pass [MASK]?
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U...
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918.
[ "1917" ]
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DATE
1865
0.809398
October 17 , 1860
0.554356
SQuAD
46c0d671ac24461bb56d1bfe113ce018
How many people were arrested from the Montana Act?
[ "200" ]
How many people were arrested from [MASK]?
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U...
The Montana Act led to the arrest of over 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent.
[ "200" ]
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CARDINAL
130
0.829392
2341
0.08236
SQuAD
8f13497dc0734d34b471efdbcced0b30
After WWII criminals were largely prosecuted under CPPCG for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort?
[ "the Holocaust" ]
After [MASK] criminals were largely prosecuted under [MASK] for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort?
Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou...
Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou...
[ "the Holocaust" ]
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EVENT
the Rwandan Revolution
0.893639
the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
0.760636
SQuAD
4b08c40fda31447d92a31933b9c7b865
Who is notable for coining the term "Holocaust?"
[ "Raphael Lemkin" ]
Who is notable for coining the term" [MASK]?"
Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou...
Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the 24 Nazi leaders, Count 3, which stated that all the defendants had "conducted deliberate and systematic genocide—namely, the extermination...
[ "Raphael Lemkin" ]
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PERSON
Stephen Raphael
0.799069
Mahabharat
-0.018005
SQuAD
82309d47e6d44b96a6fc2dc4e397634a
On which date did the Genocide Convention become effective?
[ "12 January 1951" ]
On which date did [MASK] become effective?
The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo...
The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties.
[ "12 January 1951" ]
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DATE
12 November 1936
0.990991
29 September 2006
0.812337
SQuAD
85af76765eb748faab7b88074903385e
What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties?
[ "20" ]
What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties?
The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo...
The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties.
[ "20" ]
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CARDINAL
twenty 10
0.902713
more than four dozen
0.321828
SQuAD
b83d02a31d954fc6b9e3b78e78a33f42
How many Montanans entered the miltary in the first year of the war?
[ "40,000-plus" ]
How many [MASK] entered the miltary in [MASK] of the war?
When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ende...
Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ended.
[ "40,000-plus" ]
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CARDINAL
100 - 150
0.762932
501
0.208731
SQuAD
a5d0e0ed6d734ae7ba992a5398c23788
How many Montanans joined the military in the war total?
[ "over 57,000" ]
How many [MASK] joined the military in the war total?
When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ende...
Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ended.
[ "over 57,000" ]
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CARDINAL
over ten thousand
0.799266
1408
-0.009159
SQuAD
2aff69d3cb4040d99dfe14252b30e24f
When was the word "genocide" first used?
[ "1944" ]
When was the word "genocide" first used?
Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ...
The word genocide was not in use before 1944.
[ "1944" ]
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DATE
spring 1943
0.817323
a few extra days
0.004895
SQuAD
8c6b977dbae44e2b95792cd4c5a25d8f
Who coined the term "genocide"?
[ "Raphael Lemkin" ]
Who coined the term "genocide"?
Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ...
In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide.
[ "Raphael Lemkin" ]
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PERSON
Stephen Raphael
0.799069
Jerry Krupnick
0.356084
SQuAD
9f9d604de4da47e4bd5d9ab3b07992f1
Who referred to acts of genocide in 1941?
[ "Winston Churchill" ]
Who referred to acts of genocide in [MASK]?
Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ...
Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name".
[ "Winston Churchill" ]
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PERSON
Winston Graham
0.798807
Leslie Knope 's
0.319467
SQuAD
1abc2a861339443fa58dc022f062f9a2
What was the name of the Polish-Jewish lawyer who first described Nazi atrocities as "genocide?"
[ "Raphael Lemkin" ]
What was the name of the [MASK]- Jewish lawyer who [MASK] described [MASK] atrocities as" genocide?"
Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ...
In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide.
[ "Raphael Lemkin" ]
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PERSON
Stephen Raphael
0.799069
Mungo Jerry
0.413484
SQuAD
7fd606f118864c7e98185723c3cd1fb1
Who promoted settlement in Montana in the early 1900s
[ "James J. Hill" ]
Who promoted settlement in [MASK] in [MASK]
In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Other railroads followed suit. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In 1909, Congress pas...
In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods.
[ "James J. Hill" ]
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PERSON
William J. Stone
0.930744
Hammam
0.12217
SQuAD
c80b024107464d8894e5716563b33062
Who ultimately defined genocide as a series of strategies leading up to the annihilation of an entire group?
[ "Lemming" ]
Who ultimately defined genocide as a series of strategies leading up to the annihilation of an entire group?
The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi...
The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi...
[ "Lemming" ]
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PERSON
Ziering
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Sarah ( Kolodner
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SQuAD
35af4f8efbf34ec59a5ddfcf9181c97e
What was the nationality of anthropologist Peg LeVine?
[ "Australian" ]
What was the nationality of anthropologist [MASK]?
The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi...
Australian anthropologist Peg LeVine coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members.
[ "Australian" ]
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NORP
Tasmanian
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humanist
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SQuAD
a92f688dc80548a99a299a1cd4bd4d00
What is one of the countries that objected to the inclusion of political killings in the early version of the Convention?
[ "USSR" ]
What is [MASK] of the countries that objected to the inclusion of political killings in the early version of the [MASK]?
The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the...
The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member.
[ "USSR" ]
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GPE
Soviet Byelorussia
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Tahoma
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SQuAD
9bc3464a196f458a920ef05e8ea31646
The prosecutorial efforts of the ICTR focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period?
[ "April 1994" ]
The prosecutorial efforts of the [MASK] focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period?
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N...
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April.
[ "April 1994" ]
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DATE
February 1995
0.983545
From 1 – 8 July
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SQuAD
27537632f77c428ab4448c48278225a3
When was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of farm animals?
[ "1977" ]
When was resistance [MASK] discussed as a problem in the raising of farm animals?
There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South...
In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977.
[ "1977" ]
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DATE
1963 until 1983
0.858771
21 December 1817
0.456728
SQuAD
c02f319a6d5b433aa08a3b854a42d295
When did a district court order the FDA to stop approving antibiotics in animals?
[ "March 2012" ]
When did a district court order the [MASK] to stop approving antibiotics in animals?
There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South...
In March 2012, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, ruling in an action brought by the Natural Resources Defense Council and others, ordered the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock, which violated FDA regulations.
[ "March 2012" ]
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DATE
September 2012
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October 1914 to March 1919
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SQuAD
a76c65106798432b8d88b77a26804c5f
Which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by the ICTY?
[ "Slobodan Milošević" ]
Which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by the [MASK]?
Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995...
Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY.
[ "Slobodan Milošević" ]
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PERSON
Radovanović
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Tom Gallagher
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SQuAD
6aed34b33ca24e98b4f7417e69437f0a
How long does the identification process take?
[ "several days" ]
How long does the identification process take?
In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect...
Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory.
[ "several days" ]
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DATE
fourteen days
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the week of December 23 – 29 , 1991
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SQuAD
fcddb21b6e8b41a3aa612f3d3b0cd7d4
Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold?
[ "Alexander Fleming" ]
Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold?
The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the...
In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium.
[ "Alexander Fleming" ]
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PERSON
Alexander Neckam
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R.M. North
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SQuAD
cae7afdccade491889a2087336a03517
What company developed Prontosil?
[ "IG Farben" ]
What company developed [MASK]?
The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a...
The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany.
[ "IG Farben" ]
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ORG
IG Fun
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the Hungarian Department
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SQuAD
c25607a835cc4d09a54b8e1a5bef4ed7
Who led the team that came up with Prontosil?
[ "Gerhard Domagk" ]
Who led the team that came up with [MASK]?
The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a...
The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany.
[ "Gerhard Domagk" ]
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PERSON
Hans Georg Prager
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Derrick Taylor
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SQuAD
1505637ee2474e19a7ad5b3d19e032a4
What is the name of a US government agency tasked with trying to stop improper use of antibiotics?
[ "US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance" ]
What is the name of a [MASK] government agency tasked with trying to stop improper use of antibiotics?
Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicr...
The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance.
[ "US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance" ]
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ORG
the US Fifth Air Force
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the Office of Housing and Residential Life
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SQuAD
673802bb9824408493c3aa3f32a87aa3
When did the French start going after overuse of antibiotics?
[ "2002" ]
When did the [MASK] start going after overuse of antibiotics?
The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicrobial resistance, and is coordinated by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration ...
In France, an "Antibiotics are not automatic" government campaign started in 2002 and led to a marked reduction of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, especially in children.
[ "2002" ]
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DATE
Gamescom 2010
0.874619
February 1705
0.404634
SQuAD
26f3c5105ee44aaeb150ae1221347356
How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics was introduced in the late 2000's/
[ "four" ]
How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics was introduced in [MASK]
Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibacterial antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as Gram-negat...
Following a 40-year hiatus in discovering new classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibacterial antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and l...
[ "four" ]
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CARDINAL
eight hundred seven
0.900855
2 and a half
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SQuAD
b112d55853294e17916e4bc86fda07cd
When was tyrothricin created?
[ "1939" ]
When was tyrothricin created?
In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun...
In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis.
[ "1939" ]
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DATE
april 1940
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February 8 , 1992
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SQuAD
cfbc5bfdc58940af975af73d67c43db5
Who discovered tyrothricin?
[ "Rene Dubos" ]
Who discovered tyrothricin?
In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun...
In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis.
[ "Rene Dubos" ]
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PERSON
René Arnoux
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Denis Conlon
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SQuAD
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In what city did Frédéric achieve celebrity status?
[ "Paris" ]
In what city did [MASK] achieve celebrity status?
In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de ...
In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity.
[ "Paris" ]
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GPE
Marseille
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Goroka
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SQuAD
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Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society that Frédéric became acquainted with?
[ "Adam Mickiewicz" ]
Who was the principal of [MASK] that [MASK] became acquainted with?
In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de ...
Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.
[ "Adam Mickiewicz" ]
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PERSON
Adam Kolkin
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Alexander de Ardincaple
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SQuAD
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What poet did Chopin use verses from for songs?
[ "Adam Mickiewicz" ]
What poet did [MASK] use verses from for songs?
In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de ...
Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.
[ "Adam Mickiewicz" ]
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PERSON
Adam Kolkin
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Harold Glasser
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SQuAD
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What was the name of the poet Chopin became acquainted with in Paris?
[ "Adam Mickiewicz" ]
What was the name of the poet [MASK] became acquainted with in [MASK]?
In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de ...
Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.
[ "Adam Mickiewicz" ]
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PERSON
Adam Kolkin
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Fred Jerkins
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SQuAD
f7e2cf618c504bdfa42a1de0753a0fae
Who was Frédéric a guest of during his visit of Szafarnia in 1824 and 1825?
[ "Dominik Dziewanowski" ]
Who was [MASK] a guest of during his visit of [MASK] in [MASK] and [MASK]?
During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Sz...
During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate.
[ "Dominik Dziewanowski" ]
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PERSON
Martin Dominik
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Tunberg
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SQuAD
7e07a2cb587c44e7a35eed111e88fcc5
During his vacation in 1824 and 1825 who did Chopin spend his vacation with?
[ "Dominik Dziewanowski" ]
During his vacation in [MASK] and [MASK] who did [MASK] spend his vacation with?
During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Sz...
During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate.
[ "Dominik Dziewanowski" ]
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PERSON
Martin Dominik
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a John Adams
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SQuAD
0dbc66fd2d2e485683211d27d980388c
What was the name of the person who hosted Chopin as a guest when he discovered Polish rural folk music?
[ "Dominik Dziewanowski" ]
What was the name of the person who hosted [MASK] as a guest when he discovered [MASK] rural folk music?
During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Sz...
During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate.
[ "Dominik Dziewanowski" ]
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PERSON
Martin Dominik
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Jordan Staal
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SQuAD
a0c72248bcb94272bf892ff7d3c76184
What was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote?
[ "The Szafarnia Courier" ]
What was the title [MASK] gave of some spoof letters he wrote?
During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Sz...
His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Szafarnia Courier"), written in a very modern and lively Polish, amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster's literary gift.
[ "The Szafarnia Courier" ]
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WORK_OF_ART
The Oprichnik
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Scottish Symphony
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SQuAD
ceadc5670c2e46779a18ecf125f75b15
Who regulates antibiotic approval?
[ "FDA" ]
Who regulates antibiotic approval?
Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing...
Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA.
[ "FDA" ]
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ORG
MHRA
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Pier 1 Imports
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SQuAD
a11cc545172041a49dd3f13c2545ffad
Who is a director at the Pew Charitable Trusts?
[ "Allan Coukell," ]
Who is a director at [MASK]?
Under this Act, FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials. The CDC will monitor the use of antibiotics and the emerging resistance, and publish the data. The FDA antibiotics labeling process, 'Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial...
According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, "By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials mo...
[ "Allan Coukell," ]
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PERSON
William , George , Jr .
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Betsey Sharkley
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SQuAD
b49b439f159f4f3696f9deadd8e01486
When was penicillin G first purified?
[ "1942" ]
When was penicillin G first purified?
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ...
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945.
[ "1942" ]
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DATE
1943 – 1945
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from 1200 to 1600
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SQuAD
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When did penicillin G become available outside of military use?
[ "1945" ]
When did [MASK] become available outside of military use?
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ...
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945.
[ "1945" ]
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DATE
August 1944
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two to four years old
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SQuAD
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Who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin?
[ "Norman Heatley" ]
Who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin?
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ...
Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk.
[ "Norman Heatley" ]
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PERSON
Norman Bradford
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Hawley Harvey Crippen
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When was the chemical make-up of penicillin discovered?
[ "1945" ]
When was the chemical make-up of penicillin discovered?
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ...
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945.
[ "1945" ]
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DATE
August 1944
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10 + win
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SQuAD
8a25306602144c24a7478df86516e242
Who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin?
[ "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin" ]
Who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin?
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ...
The chemical structure of penicillin was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945.
[ "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin" ]
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PERSON
Dorothy Nevill
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Charles Baugniet
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Where did Chopin create the majority of his compositions?
[ "France" ]
Where did [MASK] create the majority of his compositions?
In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romant...
In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romant...
[ "France" ]
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GPE
French Flanders
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Nishi
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SQuAD
e5ecdf0a76cf46c6bb831e391b24fc25
Chopin is a native of what country?
[ "Poland" ]
[MASK] is a native of what country?
In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romant...
In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romant...
[ "Poland" ]
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GPE
Prussia Germany
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Tiruchirappalli Town
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SQuAD
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What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?'
[ "World Health Organization" ]
What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?'
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ...
[ "World Health Organization" ]
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ORG
the World Psychiatric Association
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Christopher Little Literary Agents
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SQuAD
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What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world??
[ "World Health Organization" ]
What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world??
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ...
[ "World Health Organization" ]
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ORG
the World Psychiatric Association
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Crawford
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SQuAD
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What organization stated that the world has this serious problem?
[ "World Health Organization" ]
What organization stated that the world has this serious problem?
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to ...
[ "World Health Organization" ]
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ORG
the World Psychiatric Association
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the Pew Global Attitudes Project
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SQuAD
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Who did Frédéric visit Berlin with in September 1828?
[ "Feliks Jarocki" ]
Who did [MASK] visit [MASK] with in [MASK]?
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi...
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities.
[ "Feliks Jarocki" ]
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PERSON
Antoni Radziwiłł
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Afeni Shakur
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SQuAD
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Which opera director did Frédéric see works of during his stay in Berlin?
[ "Gaspare Spontini" ]
Which opera director did [MASK] see works of during his stay in [MASK]?
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi...
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities.
[ "Gaspare Spontini" ]
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PERSON
Giovanni Montini
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Katherine Asaph
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SQuAD
2c1e0a13ddfa49c087f53bf7d2814c3a
When did Chopin visit Berlin?
[ "September 1828" ]
When did [MASK] visit [MASK]?
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi...
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities.
[ "September 1828" ]
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DATE
October 1837
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43 consecutive weeks
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SQuAD
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While in Berlin he saw the operatic work of who?
[ "Gaspare Spontini" ]
While in [MASK] he saw the operatic work of who?
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi...
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities.
[ "Gaspare Spontini" ]
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PERSON
Giovanni Montini
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William Miller
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SQuAD
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Who did Chopin go to Berlin with?
[ "Feliks Jarocki" ]
Who did [MASK] go to [MASK] with?
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi...
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities.
[ "Feliks Jarocki" ]
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PERSON
Antoni Radziwiłł
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Thomas F. Riley
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SQuAD
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Who directed the operas they enjoyed in Berlin?
[ "Gaspare Spontini" ]
Who directed the operas they enjoyed in [MASK]?
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi...
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities.
[ "Gaspare Spontini" ]
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PERSON
Giovanni Montini
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Kevin Martin 's
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SQuAD
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What year did Chopin return to Berlin?
[ "1829" ]
What year did [MASK] return to [MASK]?
In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwi...
On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist.
[ "1829" ]
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DATE
1793
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five weeks before
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SQuAD
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How many are in the pipelin to fight GNB?
[ "seven" ]
How many are in the pipelin to fight GNB?
In April 2013, the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance. Since 2009, only 2 new antibiotics were approved in the United States. The number of new antibiotics approved for marketing per year declines con...
The report identified seven antibiotics against the Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) currently in phase 2 or phase 3 clinical trials.
[ "seven" ]
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CARDINAL
five hundred
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number two
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SQuAD
0252c232a446483e9315ebe69c1272bb
What language did Frédéric's father teach after they had moved to Warsaw?
[ "French" ]
What language did [MASK] 's father teach after they had moved to [MASK]?
In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lesso...
In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace.
[ "French" ]
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LANGUAGE
Belgian
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Munda
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SQuAD
89c055cc97134beba3eb8ed15d0460bc
When did Chopin's family move to Warsaw?
[ "October 1810" ]
When did [MASK] 's family move to [MASK]?
In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lesso...
In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace.
[ "October 1810" ]
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DATE
February 1796
0.981593
1836 – 38
0.444629
SQuAD
dd4a37eaefd44fbcbf41b410f7b7d321
Where did Chopin's father get a teaching position?
[ "Warsaw Lyceum" ]
Where did [MASK] 's father get a teaching position?
In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lesso...
In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace.
[ "Warsaw Lyceum" ]
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ORG
Hutnik Kraków
0.79775
the Oregon Entrepreneurs Network
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SQuAD
dd77c4949cbd47049322bb9c99ce1650
What language did Chopin's father teach?
[ "French" ]
What language did [MASK] 's father teach?
In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lesso...
In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace.
[ "French" ]
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LANGUAGE
Belgian
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Itza
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SQuAD
90a3683c6bc74b22a8a464a9512a5c3d
During what year did Frédéric's youngest sister, Emilia, pass away?
[ "1827" ]
During what year did [MASK] 's youngest sister, [MASK], pass away?
In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left W...
In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left W...
[ "1827" ]
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DATE
1875
0.890224
the day of Henry
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SQuAD
79e1bf632df54ddd91c3a663849d8d3a
What year did Chopin's sister Emilia die?
[ "1827" ]
What year did [MASK] 's sister [MASK] die?
In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left W...
In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left W...
[ "1827" ]
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DATE
1875
0.890224
1971 – 2000
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SQuAD
310a1712a49b4d92aadefac8cc8ad3f1
What was the Chopin boarding house called in English?
[ "Chopin Family Parlour" ]
What was the [MASK] boarding house called in [MASK]?
In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left W...
Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century.
[ "Chopin Family Parlour" ]
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FAC
Family Enclosure
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Laudermilch Road
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SQuAD
68628941215346f9970556d39964756f
Who did Frédéric's father marry in 1806?
[ "Justyna Krzyżanowska" ]
Who did [MASK] 's father marry in [MASK]?
Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptized on East...
Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked.
[ "Justyna Krzyżanowska" ]
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PERSON
Małgorzata Smogorzewska
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John Faustus
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SQuAD
7bcb9b03a6704ee69aaaf1474c00caeb
What language did Frédéric's father, Nicolas, insist on using in the household?
[ "Polish" ]
What language did [MASK] 's father, [MASK], insist on using in the household?
Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptized on East...
Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked.
[ "Polish" ]
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NORP
Hungarian
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Dobermans
0.300764
SQuAD
fc04e584c3c34796a712871f7c578647
Chopin's father married who?
[ "Justyna Krzyżanowska" ]
[MASK] 's father married who?
Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptized on East...
Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked.
[ "Justyna Krzyżanowska" ]
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PERSON
Małgorzata Smogorzewska
0.796
Christe
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SQuAD
58835436a9574e4db76e4db30add7122
What is the name of Chopin's eldest sister?
[ "Ludwika" ]
What is the name of [MASK] 's eldest sister?
Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptized on Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810, in the same church where his parents had married, in Brochów. His eighteen-year-old godfather, for...
Fryderyk was the couple's second child and only son; he had an elder sister, Ludwika (1807–55), and two younger sisters, Izabela (1811–81) and Emilia (1812–27).
[ "Ludwika" ]
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PERSON
Ludwig Wittgenstein
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Shintaro
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