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5acd0a8407355d001abf320c | Materialism | Materialism belongs to the class of monist ontology. As such, it is different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism. For singular explanations of the phenomenal reality, materialism would be in contrast to idealism, neutral monism, and spiritualism. | What is synonymous with dualism? | {
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5acd0b0407355d001abf3222 | Materialism | Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the pri... | What is the last question to ask in order to define the two classes? | {
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5acd0b0407355d001abf3223 | Materialism | Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the pri... | A materialist considers what as the least important? | {
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5acd0b0407355d001abf3224 | Materialism | Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the pri... | A materialist considers what as the second to least important? | {
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5acd0b0407355d001abf3225 | Materialism | Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the pri... | An idealist considers what as the least important? | {
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5acd0b0407355d001abf3226 | Materialism | Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the pri... | An idealist considers what as the second to least important? | {
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5acd0be607355d001abf323c | Materialism | The materialist view is perhaps best understood in its opposition to the doctrines of immaterial substance applied to the mind historically, famously by René Descartes. However, by itself materialism says nothing about how material substance should be characterized. In practice, it is frequently assimilated to one vari... | Why was René Descartes declared a materialist? | {
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5acd0be607355d001abf323d | Materialism | The materialist view is perhaps best understood in its opposition to the doctrines of immaterial substance applied to the mind historically, famously by René Descartes. However, by itself materialism says nothing about how material substance should be characterized. In practice, it is frequently assimilated to one vari... | What does materialism say about how substance should be characterized? | {
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5acd0be607355d001abf323e | Materialism | The materialist view is perhaps best understood in its opposition to the doctrines of immaterial substance applied to the mind historically, famously by René Descartes. However, by itself materialism says nothing about how material substance should be characterized. In practice, it is frequently assimilated to one vari... | Materialism defines what? | {
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5acd0be607355d001abf323f | Materialism | The materialist view is perhaps best understood in its opposition to the doctrines of immaterial substance applied to the mind historically, famously by René Descartes. However, by itself materialism says nothing about how material substance should be characterized. In practice, it is frequently assimilated to one vari... | Materialism is not frequently assimilated to what? | {
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5acd0dfc07355d001abf3286 | Materialism | During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conc... | When was Karl Marx born? | {
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5acd0dfc07355d001abf3288 | Materialism | During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conc... | Which era of Marxists rejected the notion of dialectical materialism? | {
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5acd0dfc07355d001abf3289 | Materialism | During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conc... | Who was Karl Marx's enemy? | {
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5acd0dfc07355d001abf328a | Materialism | During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conc... | What type of materialism did not define the Marxist philosophy? | {
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5acd0e5407355d001abf329a | Materialism | Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC). | Who coined the non-Axial Age? | {
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} | Who coined the non-Axial Age? | [
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5acd0e5407355d001abf329b | Materialism | Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC). | In what part of the world did materialism develop during the non-Axial Age? | {
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5acd0e5407355d001abf329d | Materialism | Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC). | When did Karl Jaspers die? | {
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5acd0e5407355d001abf329e | Materialism | Materialism developed, possibly independently, in several geographically separated regions of Eurasia during what Karl Jaspers termed the Axial Age (approximately 800 to 200 BC). | What did not develop in Eurasia? | {
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} | What did not develop in [MASK]? | [
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5acd104707355d001abf32e0 | Materialism | In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy. Kanada became one of the early proponents of atomism. The Nyaya–Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism... | Around what time did Ancient Indian philosophy reject materialism? | {
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5acd104707355d001abf32e1 | Materialism | In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy. Kanada became one of the early proponents of atomism. The Nyaya–Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism... | At that time, who rejected the idea of materialism? | {
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5acd104707355d001abf32e2 | Materialism | In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy. Kanada became one of the early proponents of atomism. The Nyaya–Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism... | What school did not teach atomism? | {
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5acd104707355d001abf32e3 | Materialism | In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy. Kanada became one of the early proponents of atomism. The Nyaya–Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism... | What tradition did the Jaina school stop? | {
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5acd104707355d001abf32e4 | Materialism | In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy. Kanada became one of the early proponents of atomism. The Nyaya–Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism... | What tradition did Buddhists stop? | {
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5acd0c8407355d001abf324e | Materialism | Materialism is often associated with reductionism, according to which the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description, if they are genuine, must be explicable in terms of the objects or phenomena at some other level of description — typically, at a more reduced level. Non-reductive materialism explici... | Why is materialism is not linked to reduction? | {
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5acd0c8407355d001abf324f | Materialism | Materialism is often associated with reductionism, according to which the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description, if they are genuine, must be explicable in terms of the objects or phenomena at some other level of description — typically, at a more reduced level. Non-reductive materialism explici... | Why did Jerry Fodor disagree with this view? | {
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5acd0c8407355d001abf3250 | Materialism | Materialism is often associated with reductionism, according to which the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description, if they are genuine, must be explicable in terms of the objects or phenomena at some other level of description — typically, at a more reduced level. Non-reductive materialism explici... | What is not a special science? | {
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5acd0c8407355d001abf3251 | Materialism | Materialism is often associated with reductionism, according to which the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description, if they are genuine, must be explicable in terms of the objects or phenomena at some other level of description — typically, at a more reduced level. Non-reductive materialism explici... | What level physics does psychology and geology use? | {
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} | What level physics does psychology and geology use? | [
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5acd10f207355d001abf3308 | Materialism | Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ... | What kind of explanation does De Rerum Natura argue for rejecting phenomena? | {
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} | What kind of explanation does De Rerum Natura argue for rejecting phenomena? | [
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5acd10f207355d001abf3309 | Materialism | Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ... | Who wrote the line "Everything can touch body but body"? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | Who wrote the line "Everything can touch body but body"? | [
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5acd10f207355d001abf330a | Materialism | Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ... | Who believed space was not another kind of being? | {
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} | Who believed space was not another kind of being? | [
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5acd10f207355d001abf330b | Materialism | Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ... | Whose view believes that there is more than matter and void? | {
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} | Whose view believes that there is more than matter and void? | [
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5acd10f207355d001abf330c | Materialism | Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ... | How many languages was De Rerum translated into? | {
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} | How many languages was [MASK] translated into? | [
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5acd11c607355d001abf3332 | Materialism | Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philos... | What philosphy continued after 1400? | {
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} | What philosphy continued after [MASK]? | [
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5acd11c607355d001abf3333 | Materialism | Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philos... | What text did Madhavacharya quote from? | {
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} | What text did [MASK] quote from? | [
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5acd128707355d001abf3358 | Materialism | In early 12th-century al-Andalus, the Arabian philosopher, Ibn Tufail (Abubacer), wrote discussions on materialism in his philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus), while vaguely foreshadowing the idea of a historical materialism. | In what book did Hayy ibn Yaqdhan foreshadow the idea of modern materialism? | {
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} | In what book did [MASK] foreshadow the idea of modern materialism? | [
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5acd128707355d001abf3359 | Materialism | In early 12th-century al-Andalus, the Arabian philosopher, Ibn Tufail (Abubacer), wrote discussions on materialism in his philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus), while vaguely foreshadowing the idea of a historical materialism. | What book by Ibn Tufail did not discuss materialism? | {
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} | What book by [MASK] did not discuss materialism? | [
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5acd132607355d001abf3372 | Materialism | The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-Fren... | Who agreed with Pierre Gassendi? | {
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} | Who agreed with [MASK]? | [
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5acd132607355d001abf3373 | Materialism | The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-Fren... | Who disagreed with Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach? | {
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} | Who disagreed with [MASK]? | [
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5acd132607355d001abf3374 | Materialism | The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-Fren... | Who did not see matter as endowed with moral dimension? | {
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} | Who did not see matter as endowed with moral dimension? | [
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5acd132607355d001abf3375 | Materialism | The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-Fren... | William Wordsworth was not impacted by which thinker? | {
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} | [MASK] was not impacted by which thinker? | [
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5acd132607355d001abf3376 | Materialism | The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-Fren... | Who provided the non-natural sciences with dualist foundations? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | Who provided the non-natural sciences with dualist foundations? | [
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5acd139a07355d001abf3386 | Materialism | Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the "determiner" of ho... | Who wrote that "...materialism is not the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself" | {
"text": [],
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} | Who wrote that "...materialism is not the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself" | [
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5acd139a07355d001abf3387 | Materialism | Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the "determiner" of ho... | Who claimed that a non-observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization? | {
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} | Who claimed that a non-observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization? | [
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5acd139a07355d001abf3388 | Materialism | Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the "determiner" of ho... | Who believed the brain is not a determiner of how material objects are experienced? | {
"text": [],
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} | Who believed the brain is not a determiner of how material objects are experienced? | [
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5acd139a07355d001abf3389 | Materialism | Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the "determiner" of ho... | What does the brain not decide? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does the brain not decide? | [
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5acd139a07355d001abf338a | Materialism | Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the "determiner" of ho... | What does it mean for the brain to be a non-determiner? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does it mean for the brain to be a non-determiner? | [
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5acd143307355d001abf339a | Materialism | The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature. Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx. | What German materialist did not signal a new turn in materialism? | {
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} | What [MASK] materialist did not signal a new turn in materialism? | [
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5acd143307355d001abf339d | Materialism | The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature. Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx. | Karl Marx was not influenced by who? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [MASK] was not influenced by who? | [
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5acd14cb07355d001abf33c0 | Materialism | Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on. | What are 3 theories that ancient day philosophers try to harmonize? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are [MASK] theories that ancient day philosophers try to harmonize? | [
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5acd14cb07355d001abf33c1 | Materialism | Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on. | What 3 theories do modern philosophers disagree with? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What [MASK] theories do modern philosophers disagree with? | [
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5acd14cb07355d001abf33c2 | Materialism | Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on. | What are the three theories that do not accommodate mind? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are the [MASK] theories that do not accommodate mind? | [
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5acd14cb07355d001abf33c3 | Materialism | Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on. | Jerry Fodor disagrees with what framework? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [MASK] disagrees with what framework? | [
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5acd14cb07355d001abf33c4 | Materialism | Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on. | Daniel Dennett founded which theory? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [MASK] founded which theory? | [
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5acd16f507355d001abf3436 | Materialism | The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, un... | What has never been debated? | {
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} | What has never been debated? | [
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5acd16f507355d001abf3437 | Materialism | The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, un... | What is the opposite of hylomorphism? | {
"text": [],
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} | What is the opposite of hylomorphism? | [
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5acd16f507355d001abf3438 | Materialism | The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, un... | What is the opposite of atomism? | {
"text": [],
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} | What is the opposite of atomism? | [
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5acd16f507355d001abf3439 | Materialism | The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, un... | What is the term for zero kinds of matter? | {
"text": [],
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} | What is the term for [MASK] kinds of matter? | [
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5acd16f507355d001abf343a | Materialism | The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, un... | What is the term for lacking then gaining properties? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the term for lacking then gaining properties? | [
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5acd177407355d001abf344a | Materialism | One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible "stuff" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchangeable. This enables the ontological view that energy is prima materia and matter is... | Relativity says that what is not interchangeable? | {
"text": [],
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} | Relativity says that what is not interchangeable? | [
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5acd177407355d001abf344b | Materialism | One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible "stuff" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchangeable. This enables the ontological view that energy is prima materia and matter is... | Ontological theory determines what is not the main substance? | {
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} | Ontological theory determines what is not the main substance? | [
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5acd177407355d001abf344c | Materialism | One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible "stuff" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchangeable. This enables the ontological view that energy is prima materia and matter is... | Quantum field theory determines what is not the main substance? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Quantum field theory determines what is not the main substance? | [
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5acd177407355d001abf344d | Materialism | One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible "stuff" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchangeable. This enables the ontological view that energy is prima materia and matter is... | When did the field of physics stop being taught? | {
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} | When did the field of physics stop being taught? | [
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5acd17e107355d001abf3466 | Materialism | According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5% of the universe's energy density is made up of the "matter" described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of dark matter and dark energy - with little agreement amongst scientists about w... | Which model suggests that matter is 0.5% of the universe? | {
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} | Which model suggests that matter is [MASK] of the universe? | [
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5acd17e107355d001abf3467 | Materialism | According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5% of the universe's energy density is made up of the "matter" described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of dark matter and dark energy - with little agreement amongst scientists about w... | What type of matter does the model believe it to not be? | {
"text": [],
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} | What type of matter does the model believe it to not be? | [
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5acd17e107355d001abf3468 | Materialism | According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5% of the universe's energy density is made up of the "matter" described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of dark matter and dark energy - with little agreement amongst scientists about w... | The standard model believes none of the universe is composed of what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | The standard model believes none of the universe is composed of what? | [
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5acd185a07355d001abf3476 | Materialism | With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actualit... | Werner Heisenberg believes that atoms are defined as what? | {
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} | [MASK] believes that atoms are defined as what? | [
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5acd185a07355d001abf3477 | Materialism | With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actualit... | Who do not believe a switch from materialism to physicalism is necessary? | {
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} | Who do not believe a switch from materialism to physicalism is necessary? | [
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5acd185a07355d001abf3478 | Materialism | With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actualit... | Who said "This extrapolation, however, is impossible... atoms are lots of things" | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who said "This extrapolation, however, is impossible... atoms are lots of things" | [
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5acd185a07355d001abf3479 | Materialism | With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actualit... | Scientists believed that the concept of matter did not change when what physics started? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Scientists believed that the concept of matter did not change when what physics started? | [
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5acd192c07355d001abf34b8 | Materialism | Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, "The Dea... | Who believes materialism has been proven by scientific findings? | {
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} | Who believes materialism has been proven by scientific findings? | [
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5acd192c07355d001abf34b9 | Materialism | Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, "The Dea... | Who believes that physics defined materialism? | {
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} | Who believes that physics defined materialism? | [
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5acd192c07355d001abf34ba | Materialism | Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, "The Dea... | Who wrote the chapter "The Birth of Materialism"? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who wrote the chapter" [MASK]"? | [
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5acd198007355d001abf34ca | Materialism | Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote: | Digital physicists consider what to be less important than matter? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Digital physicists consider what to be less important than matter? | [
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5acd198007355d001abf34cb | Materialism | Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote: | Max Planck disagreed with who? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [MASK] disagreed with who? | [
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5acd198007355d001abf34cc | Materialism | Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote: | Who founded digital physics? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who founded digital physics? | [
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5acd198007355d001abf34cd | Materialism | Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote: | Who disagrees with the quantum theory? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who disagrees with the quantum theory? | [
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5acd198007355d001abf34ce | Materialism | Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote: | Who believes matter is more important than information? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who believes matter is more important than information? | [
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5acd19fc07355d001abf34e8 | Materialism | According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism... | Based on the above definition, materialism is consistent with what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Based on the above definition, materialism is consistent with what? | [
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5acd19fc07355d001abf34e9 | Materialism | According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism... | What book defined materialism as a non-philosophical system? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What book defined materialism as a non-philosophical system? | [
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5acd19fc07355d001abf34ea | Materialism | According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism... | Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all agree with what philosophy? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [MASK], [MASK], and [MASK] all agree with what philosophy? | [
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5acd19fc07355d001abf34eb | Materialism | According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism... | What is created for a person when they perceive Brahman? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is created for a person when they perceive [MASK]? | [
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0.0221... |
5acd19fc07355d001abf34ec | Materialism | According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism... | What religion does not believe in an illusion called Maya? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What religion does not believe in an illusion called [MASK]? | [
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5acd22f707355d001abf3658 | Materialism | An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts. Berkeley presents an example of the latter by pointing out that it is im... | If you believe in idealism, you are also believing in what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | If you believe in idealism, you are also believing in what? | [
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-0.01... |
5acd22f707355d001abf3659 | Materialism | An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts. Berkeley presents an example of the latter by pointing out that it is im... | Who points out that it is possible to gather direct evidence of matter? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who points out that it is possible to gather direct evidence of matter? | [
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... |
5acd22f707355d001abf365a | Materialism | An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts. Berkeley presents an example of the latter by pointing out that it is im... | What can be considered non-redundant? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What can be considered non-redundant? | [
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5acd22f707355d001abf365b | Materialism | An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts. Berkeley presents an example of the latter by pointing out that it is im... | Why is it possible to gather direct evidence? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Why is it possible to gather direct evidence? | [
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... |
5acd249f07355d001abf369a | Materialism | If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results. Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely. | What is unnecessary to explain the physical world? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is unnecessary to explain the physical world? | [
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5acd249f07355d001abf369b | Materialism | If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results. Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely. | What is capable of explaining mind? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is capable of explaining mind? | [
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5acd249f07355d001abf369c | Materialism | If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results. Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely. | What is emergence the opposite of? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is emergence the opposite of? | [
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... |
5acd249f07355d001abf369d | Materialism | If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results. Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely. | What three philosophies do not correct the shortcomings of materialism? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What [MASK] philosophies do not correct the shortcomings of materialism? | [
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5acd253807355d001abf36be | Materialism | Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism — claims that materialisti... | Who agrees with promissory materialism? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who agrees with promissory materialism? | [
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0.041... |
5acd253807355d001abf36bf | Materialism | Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism — claims that materialisti... | Who claims that materialistic science will never explain phenomena? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who claims that materialistic science will never explain phenomena? | [
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5acd253807355d001abf36c0 | Materialism | Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism — claims that materialisti... | Polkinghorne believes in faith in materialism instead of what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [MASK] believes in faith in materialism instead of what? | [
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5acd253807355d001abf36c1 | Materialism | Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism — claims that materialisti... | Why do critics agree with materialism? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Why do critics agree with materialism? | [
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5acd0cf807355d001abf3266 | Materialism | Modern philosophical materialists extend the definition of other scientifically observable entities such as energy, forces, and the curvature of space. However philosophers such as Mary Midgley suggest that the concept of "matter" is elusive and poorly defined. | Why does Mary Midgley suggest matter is well defined? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Why does [MASK] suggest matter is well defined? | [
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5acd0cf807355d001abf3267 | Materialism | Modern philosophical materialists extend the definition of other scientifically observable entities such as energy, forces, and the curvature of space. However philosophers such as Mary Midgley suggest that the concept of "matter" is elusive and poorly defined. | What job does Mary Midgley hold? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What job does [MASK] hold? | [
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5acd0cf807355d001abf3268 | Materialism | Modern philosophical materialists extend the definition of other scientifically observable entities such as energy, forces, and the curvature of space. However philosophers such as Mary Midgley suggest that the concept of "matter" is elusive and poorly defined. | What is not an observable entity? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is not an observable entity? | [
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... |
5acd0d8e07355d001abf327c | Materialism | Materialism typically contrasts with dualism, phenomenalism, idealism, vitalism, and dual-aspect monism. Its materiality can, in some ways, be linked to the concept of Determinism, as espoused by Enlightenment thinkers. | Why does materialism agree with dualism? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Why does materialism agree with dualism? | [
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0... |
5acd0d8e07355d001abf327d | Materialism | Materialism typically contrasts with dualism, phenomenalism, idealism, vitalism, and dual-aspect monism. Its materiality can, in some ways, be linked to the concept of Determinism, as espoused by Enlightenment thinkers. | Why does materialism agree with phenomenalism? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Why does materialism agree with phenomenalism? | [
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0... |
5acd0d8e07355d001abf327e | Materialism | Materialism typically contrasts with dualism, phenomenalism, idealism, vitalism, and dual-aspect monism. Its materiality can, in some ways, be linked to the concept of Determinism, as espoused by Enlightenment thinkers. | Who doesn't link materialism with determinism? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who doesn't link materialism with determinism? | [
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... |
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