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5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1a
Hunter-gatherer
In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this v...
Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining vegetables via scavenging in what decade?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[MASK] suggested that early humans were obtaining vegetables via scavenging in what decade?
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5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1b
Hunter-gatherer
In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this v...
Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic lived where?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Early humans in [MASK] lived where?
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5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1c
Hunter-gatherer
In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this v...
Which population survived in densely wooded areas?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which population survived in densely wooded areas?
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5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1d
Hunter-gatherer
In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this v...
Which population dispersed through areas of low primary productivity?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which population dispersed through areas of low primary productivity?
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5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1e
Hunter-gatherer
In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this v...
Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic collected what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Early humans in [MASK] collected what?
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5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4a
Hunter-gatherer
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict th...
Short-distance running was the driving evolutionary force for what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Short-distance running was the driving evolutionary force for what?
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5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4b
Hunter-gatherer
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict th...
What is a method practiced by all hunter-gatherer groups in modern times?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is a method practiced by all hunter-gatherer groups in modern times?
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5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4c
Hunter-gatherer
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict th...
The scavenging hypothesis is still practiced by which groups?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The scavenging hypothesis is still practiced by which groups?
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5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4d
Hunter-gatherer
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict th...
What contradicts with the scavenging hypothesis?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What contradicts with the scavenging hypothesis?
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5acd421407355d001abf3ab6
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and ...
What remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Paleolithic period?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What remained the only mode of subsistence until [MASK]?
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5acd421407355d001abf3ab7
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and ...
What was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Mesolithic Revolution?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was replaced only gradually with the spread of [MASK]?
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5acd421407355d001abf3ab8
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and ...
The Neolithic Period ended how many years ago?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[MASK] ended how many years ago?
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5acd421407355d001abf3ab9
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and ...
Which revolution spread rapidly?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which revolution spread rapidly?
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5acd421407355d001abf3aba
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and ...
Which subsistence strategy started with the Neolithic Revolution?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which subsistence strategy started with [MASK]?
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5acd431b07355d001abf3afa
Hunter-gatherer
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating s...
The transition between the Lower and Middle Paleolithic period started when?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The transition between [MASK] started when?
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5acd431b07355d001abf3afb
Hunter-gatherer
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating s...
In what period did all hunter-gatherers begin to specialize?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In what period did all hunter-gatherers begin to specialize?
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5acd431b07355d001abf3afc
Hunter-gatherer
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating s...
The transition into the Paleolithic period is chiefly defined by what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The transition into [MASK] is chiefly defined by what?
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5acd431b07355d001abf3afd
Hunter-gatherer
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating s...
Agriculture ended how many years ago?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Agriculture ended how many years ago?
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5acd431b07355d001abf3afe
Hunter-gatherer
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating s...
When hunter-gatherers began to specialize, they concentrated on a larger selection of what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
When hunter-gatherers began to specialize, they concentrated on a larger selection of what?
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5acd446b07355d001abf3b42
Hunter-gatherer
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environ...
What type of gardens originated in modern times?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What type of gardens originated in modern times?
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5acd446b07355d001abf3b43
Hunter-gatherer
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environ...
What type of gardens were located in the dry foothills of monsoon regions?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What type of gardens were located in the dry foothills of monsoon regions?
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5acd446b07355d001abf3b44
Hunter-gatherer
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environ...
Inferior foreign species were selected and incorporated where?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Inferior foreign species were selected and incorporated where?
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5acd446b07355d001abf3b45
Hunter-gatherer
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environ...
What was being used as a food production system in all parts of the world?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was being used as a food production system in all parts of the world?
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5acd446b07355d001abf3b46
Hunter-gatherer
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environ...
When families were trying to ruin their immediate environment, undesirable species were what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
When families were trying to ruin their immediate environment, undesirable species were what?
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5acd454907355d001abf3b7e
Hunter-gatherer
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hu...
What groups have continually increased in numbers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What groups have continually increased in numbers?
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5acd454907355d001abf3b7f
Hunter-gatherer
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hu...
All large mammal species have gone extinct in what countries?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
All large mammal species have gone extinct in what countries?
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5acd454907355d001abf3b80
Hunter-gatherer
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hu...
Because of overpopulation, most large mammal species have what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Because of overpopulation, most large mammal species have what?
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5acd454907355d001abf3b81
Hunter-gatherer
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hu...
All hunter-gatherer groups reside where?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
All hunter-gatherer groups reside where?
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5acd454907355d001abf3b82
Hunter-gatherer
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hu...
Competition for land use results in which societies remaining where they are?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Competition for land use results in which societies remaining where they are?
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5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7a
Hunter-gatherer
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Su...
What were some of the second forms of government in agricultural centers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What were some of the [MASK] forms of government in agricultural centers?
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5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7b
Hunter-gatherer
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Su...
As the number and size of agricultural societies decreased, what happened?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
As the number and size of agricultural societies decreased, what happened?
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5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7c
Hunter-gatherer
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Su...
The process of fores-driven expansion led to what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The process of fores-driven expansion led to what?
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5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7d
Hunter-gatherer
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Su...
The lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers were overtaken by what forms of government?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers were overtaken by what forms of government?
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5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7e
Hunter-gatherer
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Su...
What type of development led to agricultural expansion?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What type of development led to agricultural expansion?
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5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca2
Hunter-gatherer
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
The many contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live where?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The many contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live where?
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5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca3
Hunter-gatherer
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
Humans almost never rely on what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Humans almost never rely on what?
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5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca4
Hunter-gatherer
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
What cultures live in areas suitable for agricultural use?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What cultures live in areas suitable for agricultural use?
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5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca5
Hunter-gatherer
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
Ancient hunter-gatherer cultures lived where?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Ancient hunter-gatherer cultures lived where?
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5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca6
Hunter-gatherer
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
How many cultures rely on agriculture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
How many cultures rely on agriculture?
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5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb6
Hunter-gatherer
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
Few hunter-gatherers live in what kind of settlements?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Few hunter-gatherers live in what kind of settlements?
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5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb7
Hunter-gatherer
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
Permanent communities typically construct what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Permanent communities typically construct what?
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5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb8
Hunter-gatherer
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
What communities use natural wood shelters?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What communities use natural wood shelters?
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5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb9
Hunter-gatherer
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
Which communities construct shelters using permanent building materials?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which communities construct shelters using permanent building materials?
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5acd4efe07355d001abf3cba
Hunter-gatherer
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
Which communities do not live a nomadic or semi-nomadic life?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which communities do not live a nomadic or semi-nomadic life?
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5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd2
Hunter-gatherer
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
What cultures live in barren environments?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What cultures live in barren environments?
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5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd3
Hunter-gatherer
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
Which people lived in environments that allowed them to be nomadic?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which people lived in environments that allowed them to be nomadic?
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5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd4
Hunter-gatherer
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
What kind of environment allowed for a nomadic existence?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What kind of environment allowed for a nomadic existence?
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5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd5
Hunter-gatherer
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
The peoples of the Pacific West Coast lived in what kind of environment?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The peoples of [MASK] lived in what kind of environment?
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5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd6
Hunter-gatherer
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
The peoples of the Pacific East Coast lived what kind of lifestyle?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The peoples of [MASK] lived what kind of lifestyle?
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5acd50b607355d001abf3ce6
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
Nomadic hunter-gatherers are an exception to what rule?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Nomadic hunter-gatherers are an exception to what rule?
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5acd50b607355d001abf3ce7
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
Those inhabiting the Northeast Coast of North America are what kind of of hunter-gatherers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Those inhabiting [MASK] are what kind of of hunter- gatherers?
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5acd50b607355d001abf3ce8
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
Very few African hunter-gatherers are what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Very few [MASK] hunter- gatherers are what?
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5acd50b607355d001abf3ce9
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
In American culture, women are roughly what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In [MASK] culture, women are roughly what?
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5acd50b607355d001abf3cea
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture?
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5acd518d07355d001abf3d16
Hunter-gatherer
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the con...
Humanity's closest primate relatives are the what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Humanity's closest primate relatives are the what?
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5acd518d07355d001abf3d17
Hunter-gatherer
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the con...
Chimpanzees are similar to humans because they are what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Chimpanzees are similar to humans because they are what?
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5acd518d07355d001abf3d18
Hunter-gatherer
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the con...
The formation of what was a key factor in the emergence of human consciousness?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The formation of what was a key factor in the emergence of human consciousness?
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5acd518d07355d001abf3d19
Hunter-gatherer
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the con...
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is always what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is always what?
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5acd518d07355d001abf3d1a
Hunter-gatherer
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the con...
What species is often dominated by an alpha female?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What species is often dominated by an alpha female?
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5acd52a407355d001abf3d3a
Hunter-gatherer
Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers...
Which group has permanent leaders?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which group has permanent leaders?
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5acd52a407355d001abf3d3b
Hunter-gatherer
Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers...
Who maintains that hunter/gatherers have permanent leaders?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who maintains that hunter/gatherers have permanent leaders?
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5acd52a407355d001abf3d3c
Hunter-gatherer
Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers...
Where is there often sexual disparity?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Where is there often sexual disparity?
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5acd52a407355d001abf3d3d
Hunter-gatherer
Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers...
Young mothers get no child support from whom?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Young mothers get no child support from whom?
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5acd52a407355d001abf3d3e
Hunter-gatherer
Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers...
Which systems were relatively inflexible?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which systems were relatively inflexible?
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5acd54e907355d001abf3d74
Hunter-gatherer
To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 8...
In a majority of cases, women hunt what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In a majority of cases, women hunt what?
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5acd54e907355d001abf3d75
Hunter-gatherer
To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 8...
Among the Aeta people of Japan, how many women hunt?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Among the [MASK] people of [MASK], how many women hunt?
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5acd54e907355d001abf3d76
Hunter-gatherer
To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 8...
The Ju'/hoansi women typically hunt in groups and with what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The [MASK] women typically hunt in groups and with what?
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5acd54e907355d001abf3d77
Hunter-gatherer
To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 8...
Among the Ju'/hoansi women of China, women help men track down what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Among the [MASK] women of [MASK], women help men track down what?
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5acd54e907355d001abf3d78
Hunter-gatherer
To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 8...
Men in the Austrailian Martu primarily hunt small animals like what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Men in the Austrailian Martu primarily hunt small animals like what?
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5acd563c07355d001abf3dac
Hunter-gatherer
At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus ...
A surplus of resources can be accumulated by any member in which societies?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
A surplus of resources can be accumulated by any member in which societies?
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5acd563c07355d001abf3dad
Hunter-gatherer
At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus ...
Which 1966 conference did geologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore attend?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which [MASK] conference did geologists [MASK] and [MASK] attend?
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5acd563c07355d001abf3dae
Hunter-gatherer
At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus ...
The sedentary life of nomadic hunting and gathering societies required what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The sedentary life of nomadic hunting and gathering societies required what?
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5acd563c07355d001abf3daf
Hunter-gatherer
At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus ...
At the 1973 "Man the Hunter" conference egalitarianism was suggested as what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
At the [MASK]" [MASK]" conference egalitarianism was suggested as what?
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5acd563c07355d001abf3db0
Hunter-gatherer
At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus ...
Other characteristics proposed by Lee and DeVore were stability in territorial boundaries and what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Other characteristics proposed by [MASK] and [MASK] were stability in territorial boundaries and what?
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5acd575207355d001abf3dda
Hunter-gatherer
At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunt...
What was the title of Ross Sackett's paper in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherer lives?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was the title of [MASK] paper in which he challenged the popular view of hunter- gatherer lives?
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5acd575207355d001abf3ddb
Hunter-gatherer
At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunt...
In 1851, Thomas Hobbes described hunter-gatherers as what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In [MASK], [MASK] described hunter- gatherers as what?
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5acd575207355d001abf3ddc
Hunter-gatherer
At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunt...
Data showed that hunter-gatherers enjoyed less leisure time than whom?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Data showed that hunter-gatherers enjoyed less leisure time than whom?
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5acd575207355d001abf3ddd
Hunter-gatherer
At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunt...
Which group did not typically eat well?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which group did not typically eat well?
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5acd575207355d001abf3dde
Hunter-gatherer
At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunt...
Marshall Sahlins performed analysis testing Sackett's view in what year?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[MASK] performed analysis testing [MASK] 's view in what [MASK]?
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5acd580307355d001abf3e00
Hunter-gatherer
Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy."
Hoarding of resources are important in what societies?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Hoarding of resources are important in what societies?
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5acd580307355d001abf3e01
Hunter-gatherer
Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy."
What societies can be described as a "hoarding economy"?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What societies can be described as a "hoarding economy"?
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5acd580307355d001abf3e02
Hunter-gatherer
Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy."
What is important in the numerical systems of hunter-gatherer societies?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is important in the numerical systems of hunter-gatherer societies?
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5acd580307355d001abf3e03
Hunter-gatherer
Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy."
Not exchanging resources is important in which societies?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Not exchanging resources is important in which societies?
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5acd580307355d001abf3e04
Hunter-gatherer
Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy."
Which societies can be described as a "mutual economy"?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which societies can be described as a "mutual economy"?
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5acd591207355d001abf3e1e
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant ...
What was found to be one of the many significant factors affecting hunter-gatherer tool kits?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was found to be [MASK] of the many significant factors affecting hunter- gatherer tool kits?
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5acd591207355d001abf3e1f
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant ...
Environments with stable temperatures posed a risk to which systems?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Environments with stable temperatures posed a risk to which systems?
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5acd591207355d001abf3e20
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant ...
Risk of success is the most important factor in determining the structure of whose toolkits?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Risk of success is the most important factor in determining the structure of whose toolkits?
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5acd591207355d001abf3e21
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant ...
Payment structure affected the variability of which societies?
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Payment structure affected the variability of which societies?
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5acd591207355d001abf3e22
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant ...
Torrence found temperature to be a significant factor for toolkits in what year?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[MASK] found temperature to be a significant factor for toolkits in what [MASK]?
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5acd5a3607355d001abf3e62
Hunter-gatherer
One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the s...
What is the only way to divide hunter-gatherer groups?
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What is the only way to divide hunter-gatherer groups?
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5acd5a3607355d001abf3e63
Hunter-gatherer
One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the s...
Temporary return foragers consume their food when?
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Temporary return foragers consume their food when?
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5acd5a3607355d001abf3e64
Hunter-gatherer
One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the s...
Kelly uses the the category "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[MASK] uses the the category" immediate return" hunter- gatherers for what?
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5acd5a3607355d001abf3e65
Hunter-gatherer
One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the s...
Kelly uses the the category "delayed return" hunter-gatherers for what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[MASK] uses the the category" delayed return" hunter- gatherers for what?
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5acd5a3607355d001abf3e66
Hunter-gatherer
One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the s...
What type of forager stores their food within a day or two after they procure it?
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What type of forager stores their food within a [MASK] or [MASK] after they procure it?
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5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea2
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" c...
Hunting-gathering was the uncommon human mode of subsistence throughout what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Hunting-gathering was the uncommon human mode of subsistence throughout what?
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5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea3
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" c...
Hunter-gatherer cultures today represent what?
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Hunter-gatherer cultures today represent what?
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5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea4
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" c...
Observation of ancient hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Observation of ancient hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect what?
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5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea5
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" c...
Hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have almost no contact with who?
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Hunter- gatherer cultures examined [MASK] have almost no contact with who?
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5acd5b4007355d001abf3ea6
Hunter-gatherer
Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" c...
What cultures represent "pristine" conditions found in uncontacted peoples?
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What cultures represent "pristine" conditions found in uncontacted peoples?
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5acd5c3d07355d001abf3ec8
Hunter-gatherer
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes di...
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is always a what process?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is always a what process?
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