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values | context stringlengths 151 1.22k | question stringlengths 12 184 | answers dict | masked_query stringlengths 12 184 | query_embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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5a5947703e1742001a15d046 | Genome | When talking about genome composition, one should distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as the big differences on contents structure they have. In prokaryotes, most of the genome (85–90%) is non-repetitive DNA, which means coding DNA mainly forms it, while non-coding regions only take a small part. On the cont... | What is a major part of contents structure made of in non-coding regions? | {
"text": [],
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} | What is a major part of contents structure made of in non-coding regions? | [
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5a5947703e1742001a15d047 | Genome | When talking about genome composition, one should distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as the big differences on contents structure they have. In prokaryotes, most of the genome (85–90%) is non-repetitive DNA, which means coding DNA mainly forms it, while non-coding regions only take a small part. On the cont... | What organization feature do prokaryotes have? | {
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} | What organization feature do prokaryotes have? | [
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5a5947703e1742001a15d048 | Genome | When talking about genome composition, one should distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as the big differences on contents structure they have. In prokaryotes, most of the genome (85–90%) is non-repetitive DNA, which means coding DNA mainly forms it, while non-coding regions only take a small part. On the cont... | What area do mammals and plants have differences in? | {
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} | What area do mammals and plants have differences in? | [
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5a5949883e1742001a15d04e | Genome | Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes. In some contexts, such as sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe, "genome" is meant to include information stored on this auxiliary material, which is... | What do viruses always carry within their structure? | {
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} | What do viruses always carry within their structure? | [
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5a5949883e1742001a15d04f | Genome | Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes. In some contexts, such as sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe, "genome" is meant to include information stored on this auxiliary material, which is... | Where is additional genetic material found in a virus? | {
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} | Where is additional genetic material found in a virus? | [
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5a5949883e1742001a15d050 | Genome | Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes. In some contexts, such as sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe, "genome" is meant to include information stored on this auxiliary material, which is... | What is another word used for genome? | {
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} | What is another word used for genome? | [
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5a5949883e1742001a15d051 | Genome | Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes. In some contexts, such as sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe, "genome" is meant to include information stored on this auxiliary material, which is... | What organism has part of its genetic material inside a virus? | {
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} | What organism has part of its genetic material inside a virus? | [
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5a5949883e1742001a15d052 | Genome | Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes. In some contexts, such as sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe, "genome" is meant to include information stored on this auxiliary material, which is... | What do most viruses more complex than plasmids carry? | {
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} | What do most viruses more complex than plasmids carry? | [
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5a594b3b3e1742001a15d058 | Genome | In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part ... | What are the eukaryotes found in the mitochondria called? | {
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} | What are the eukaryotes found in the mitochondria called? | [
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5a594b3b3e1742001a15d059 | Genome | In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part ... | What are examples of chloroplasts? | {
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} | What are examples of chloroplasts? | [
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5a594b3b3e1742001a15d05a | Genome | In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part ... | What does genome mean when referring to eukaryotes such as mitochondria? | {
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} | What does genome mean when referring to eukaryotes such as mitochondria? | [
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5a594b3b3e1742001a15d05b | Genome | In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part ... | What is not considered as part of the plastome? | {
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} | What is not considered as part of the plastome? | [
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5a594b3b3e1742001a15d05c | Genome | In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part ... | What do chloroplasts have that is referred to as the mitochondrial genome? | {
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} | What do chloroplasts have that is referred to as the mitochondrial genome? | [
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5a594d7b3e1742001a15d062 | Genome | Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. The genome size is positively correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes; however, after mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above, this correlation is no longer effective. This phenomeno... | What is the term for the total DNA base pairs in one lower eukaryote? | {
"text": [],
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} | What is the term for the total DNA base pairs in [MASK] lower eukaryote? | [
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5a594d7b3e1742001a15d063 | Genome | Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. The genome size is positively correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes; however, after mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above, this correlation is no longer effective. This phenomeno... | What kind of relationship do copies of a haploid genome have with mollusks that isn't effective? | {
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} | What kind of relationship do copies of a haploid genome have with mollusks that isn't effective? | [
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5a594d7b3e1742001a15d064 | Genome | Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. The genome size is positively correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes; however, after mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above, this correlation is no longer effective. This phenomeno... | What has a strong influence on DNA base pairs? | {
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} | What has a strong influence on DNA base pairs? | [
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5a594d7b3e1742001a15d065 | Genome | Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. The genome size is positively correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes; however, after mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above, this correlation is no longer effective. This phenomeno... | What does a haploid genome have strong influence on? | {
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} | What does a haploid genome have strong influence on? | [
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5a594d7b3e1742001a15d066 | Genome | Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. The genome size is positively correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes; however, after mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above, this correlation is no longer effective. This phenomeno... | How many base pairs are in mollusks? | {
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} | How many base pairs are in mollusks? | [
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5a5952543e1742001a15d06c | Genome | Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developm... | What is a research strategy to understand silico? | {
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} | What is a research strategy to understand silico? | [
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5a5952543e1742001a15d06d | Genome | Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developm... | What is being done on single cell silico? | {
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} | What is being done on single cell silico? | [
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5a5952543e1742001a15d06e | Genome | Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developm... | In what two ways are experiments being carried out to understand how genes survive? | {
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} | In what [MASK] ways are experiments being carried out to understand how genes survive? | [
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5a5952543e1742001a15d06f | Genome | Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developm... | What do scientists want a silico to do in the experiment? | {
"text": [],
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} | What do scientists want a silico to do in the experiment? | [
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5a5952543e1742001a15d070 | Genome | Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developm... | What are scientists studying to understand how they survive a reduction in silico? | {
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} | What are scientists studying to understand how they survive a reduction in silico? | [
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5a5955093e1742001a15d076 | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size ... | How is protein coding calculated? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How is protein coding calculated? | [
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5a5955093e1742001a15d077 | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size ... | What are two examples of higher eukaryotes? | {
"text": [],
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} | What are [MASK] examples of higher eukaryotes? | [
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5a5955093e1742001a15d078 | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size ... | What does having more protein coding genes not mean? | {
"text": [],
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} | What does having more protein coding genes not mean? | [
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5a5955093e1742001a15d079 | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size ... | What decreases if RNA coding genes are increased? | {
"text": [],
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} | What decreases if RNA coding genes are increased? | [
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... |
5a5955093e1742001a15d07a | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size ... | What is the number of protein-coding genes divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the number of protein-coding genes divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA? | [
0.04109320417046547,
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0.02323959954082966,
0.016910163685679436,
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0.0025522515643388033,
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... |
5a59573e3e1742001a15d080 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-... | What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in E. coli? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in E. coli? | [
0.04205375164747238,
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0.030441153794527054,
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0.00129214976914227,
0.01894400827586651,
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0.0... |
5a59573e3e1742001a15d081 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-... | What one kind of DNA do fruit flies only have? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What [MASK] kind of DNA do fruit flies only have? | [
0.02655855007469654,
0.023437686264514923,
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0.007800064980983734,
0.0007037277100607753,
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5a59573e3e1742001a15d082 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-... | What does E. coli tend to have more of than non-repetitive DNA? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does E. coli tend to have more of than non-repetitive DNA? | [
0.03912197798490524,
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0.022569909691810608,
0.026382656767964363,
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0.009902345947921276,
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... |
5a59573e3e1742001a15d083 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-... | What is a minority component in E. coli? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is a minority component in E. coli? | [
0.007545887492597103,
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0.0008927621529437602,
0.04705517366528511,
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... |
5a59573e3e1742001a15d084 | Genome | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-... | What do some plants and amphibians only have? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do some plants and amphibians only have? | [
0.05487077683210373,
0.01829136721789837,
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0.035140201449394226,
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0.012589523568749428,
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0.007803281303495169,
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-... |
5a5958a83e1742001a15d08a | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What are two examples of genome size? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are [MASK] examples of genome size? | [
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0.01613282971084118,
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... |
5a5958a83e1742001a15d08b | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What do you use to calculate genome size? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do you use to calculate genome size? | [
0.014249938540160656,
0.0019080593483522534,
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0.013523740693926811,
0.017342302948236465,
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0.02393803372979164,
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... |
5a5958a83e1742001a15d08c | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | How do you calculate tandem repeats? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How do you calculate tandem repeats? | [
0.05052369460463524,
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0.008456150069832802,
0.000241363508393988,
0.004788035061210394,
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0.012708972208201885,
0.013552272692322731,
0.026614416390657425,
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-0.013... |
5a5958a83e1742001a15d08d | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What are interspersed repeats divided by to get the proportion of repetitive DNA? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are interspersed repeats divided by to get the proportion of repetitive DNA? | [
0.051137302070856094,
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0.014434097334742546,
0.005093981046229601,
0.02662237174808979,
0.015281809493899345,
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0.018136098980903625,
-0.0037148804403841496,
-0.022278236225247383,
-0.05838776007294655,
... |
5a5958a83e1742001a15d08e | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What do you get when dividing tandem repeats by interspersed repeats? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do you get when dividing tandem repeats by interspersed repeats? | [
0.04398788511753082,
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0.01520637795329094,
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0.013657411560416222,
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0.012525815516710281,
-0.028179047629237175,
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-0.07381059229373932,
... |
5a595ba13e1742001a15d094 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, intersper... | In what group are tandem repeats in the largest number? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what group are tandem repeats in the largest number? | [
0.015635162591934204,
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0.019496968016028404,
0.013411012478172779,
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0.006497511174529791,
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0.007360565941780806,
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-0.07013248652219772,... |
5a595ba13e1742001a15d095 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, intersper... | What causes interspersed repeats? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What causes interspersed repeats? | [
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0.018048394471406937,
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0.023... |
5a595ba13e1742001a15d096 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, intersper... | What are two examples of interspersed repeats? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are [MASK] examples of interspersed repeats? | [
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0.00845436379313469,
0.01240332517772913,
0.005687588360160589,
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0.007974645122885704,
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0.010916... |
5a595ba13e1742001a15d097 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, intersper... | How much satellite DNA is found in the genome? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How much satellite DNA is found in the genome? | [
0.03708875551819801,
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0.001027190824970603,
0.028388680890202522,
0.02923586033284664,
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... |
5a595ba13e1742001a15d098 | Genome | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, intersper... | What is gene conversion caused by? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is gene conversion caused by? | [
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0... |
5a595cd03e1742001a15d09e | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eu... | How are pseudogenes classified? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How are pseudogenes classified? | [
0.04179350286722183,
0.025858432054519653,
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0.025792138651013374,
0.044895075261592865,
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0... |
5a595cd03e1742001a15d09f | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eu... | What two categories are pseudogenes classified into? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What [MASK] categories are pseudogenes classified into? | [
0.04831825569272041,
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0.05... |
5a595cd03e1742001a15d0a0 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eu... | Where do cells mainly come from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where do cells mainly come from? | [
0.0587753988802433,
0.003126128576695919,
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0.022386524826288223,
0.04199518635869026,
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0.01867334544658661,
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-0.02262289635837078,
-0.00... |
5a595cd03e1742001a15d0a1 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eu... | What do cells also include? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do cells also include? | [
0.044143322855234146,
0.0036226469092071056,
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0.02840268425643444,
0.030848519876599312,
0.029101921245455742,
0.005408352706581354,
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0.008233749307692051,
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-... |
5a595cd03e1742001a15d0a2 | Genome | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eu... | What are pseudogenes able to do within the cell? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are pseudogenes able to do within the cell? | [
0.055857278406620026,
0.01045418530702591,
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0.012444807216525078,
0.058199841529130936,
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0.05271110683679581,
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0.019848082214593887,
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0... |
5a595ee03e1742001a15d0a8 | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What can long terminal repeats produce? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What can long terminal repeats produce? | [
0.016561757773160934,
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0.04253070801496506,
0.0022706324234604836,
0.021619176492094994,
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0.011040732264518738,
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0.0... |
5a595ee03e1742001a15d0a9 | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What happens when long terminal repeats are transcribed into RNA? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What happens when long terminal repeats are transcribed into RNA? | [
0.009320353157818317,
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0.026016144081950188,
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0.053857699036598206,
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... |
5a595ee03e1742001a15d0aa | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What is one thing RNA can be divided into? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is [MASK] thing RNA can be divided into? | [
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0.006159200798720121,
0.005199394188821316,
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0.009180468507111073,
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0.0006489566876552999,
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... |
5a595ee03e1742001a15d0ab | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What can the genome also be divided into? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What can the genome also be divided into? | [
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0.03485867381095886,
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-0.02701581642031669... |
5a595ee03e1742001a15d0ac | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | Where are Long terminal repeats duplicated? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where are Long terminal repeats duplicated? | [
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0.03329884633421898,
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... |
5a5961193e1742001a15d0b2 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | What term describes how duplication happens in the genome? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What term describes how duplication happens in the genome? | [
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... |
5a5961193e1742001a15d0b3 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | What do genome not use as intermediate? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do genome not use as intermediate? | [
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5a5961193e1742001a15d0b4 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | What helps metozoan move? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What helps [MASK] move? | [
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5a5961193e1742001a15d0b5 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | In what organism is duplication popular? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what organism is duplication popular? | [
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5a5961193e1742001a15d0b6 | Genome | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | What does cut and paste help metazoan do? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does cut and paste help [MASK] do? | [
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5a5962da3e1742001a15d0bc | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what... | What were other traits besides karyotype studied by Brown in 2002? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | What were other traits besides karyotype studied by [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5a5962da3e1742001a15d0bd | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what... | What is another word for gene order? | {
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} | What is another word for gene order? | [
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5a5962da3e1742001a15d0be | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what... | What does GC-content have that can be measured? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | What does GC-content have that can be measured? | [
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5a5962da3e1742001a15d0bf | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what... | Why do researchers calculate the sum of an organisms genes? | {
"text": [],
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} | Why do researchers calculate the sum of an organisms genes? | [
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5a5962da3e1742001a15d0c0 | Genome | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what... | What are two things that Reese studied about karyotype in 2004? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are [MASK] things that [MASK] studied about karyotype in [MASK]? | [
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5a5964413e1742001a15d0c6 | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What role does genetic novelty play in the genome? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What role does genetic novelty play in the genome? | [
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5a5964413e1742001a15d0c7 | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What is the first range of genetic novelty? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the [MASK] range of genetic novelty? | [
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5a5964413e1742001a15d0c8 | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What are gene clusters a large part of? | {
"text": [],
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} | What are gene clusters a large part of? | [
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5a5964413e1742001a15d0c9 | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | How far can genetic novelty go? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How far can genetic novelty go? | [
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5a5964413e1742001a15d0ca | Genome | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | What is the first example of genetic novelty? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the [MASK] example of genetic novelty? | [
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5a596a473e1742001a15d0d0 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genet... | What helps explain why different parts of chloroplasts are similar? | {
"text": [],
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} | What helps explain why different parts of chloroplasts are similar? | [
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5a596a473e1742001a15d0d1 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genet... | In what organism are eukaryotic cells common? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what organism are eukaryotic cells common? | [
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5a596a473e1742001a15d0d2 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genet... | What does horizontal gene transfer explain about nuclear chromosomes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does horizontal gene transfer explain about nuclear chromosomes? | [
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5a596a473e1742001a15d0d3 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genet... | Where do microbes transfer material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where do microbes transfer material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes? | [
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5a596a473e1742001a15d0d4 | Genome | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genet... | What do microbes transfer to chloroplasts? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do microbes transfer to chloroplasts? | [
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5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af32 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive... | What kind of school bases its admissions on academic merit? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What kind of school bases its admissions on academic merit? | [
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5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af33 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive... | What kind of school system uses academic failure to judge admissions? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What kind of school system uses academic failure to judge admissions? | [
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5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af34 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive... | What countries unused comprehensive schools extensively? | {
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} | What countries unused comprehensive schools extensively? | [
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5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af35 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive... | How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in Scotland? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in [MASK]? | [
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5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af36 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive... | What is the Austrian analogue of the comprehensive school? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the [MASK] analogue of the comprehensive school? | [
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5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af50 | Comprehensive_school | In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what de... | What is a word that can't be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is a word that can't be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake? | [
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5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af51 | Comprehensive_school | In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what de... | What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of an uncomprehensive school's intake? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of an uncomprehensive school's intake? | [
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5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af52 | Comprehensive_school | In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what de... | What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's discharge? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's discharge? | [
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5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af53 | Comprehensive_school | In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what de... | What are some old initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools? | {
"text": [],
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} | What are some old initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools? | [
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5ad5f8455b96ef001a10af54 | Comprehensive_school | In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what de... | What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of uncomprehensive schools? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of uncomprehensive schools? | [
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5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5a | Comprehensive_school | Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued... | In what decade didn't Finland begin employing comprehensive schools? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what decade did n't [MASK] begin employing comprehensive schools? | [
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5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5b | Comprehensive_school | Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued... | In what decade did Sweden begin employing comprehensive schools? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what decade did [MASK] begin employing comprehensive schools? | [
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5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5c | Comprehensive_school | Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued... | In what decade did Finland stop employing comprehensive schools? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what decade did [MASK] stop employing comprehensive schools? | [
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5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5d | Comprehensive_school | Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued... | What age ranges does Swedish comprehensive school cover? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What age ranges does [MASK] comprehensive school cover? | [
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5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5e | Comprehensive_school | Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued... | What age ranges does Finnish uncomprehensive school cover? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What age ranges does [MASK] uncomprehensive school cover? | [
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5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af64 | Comprehensive_school | Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education class... | What type of school isn't the Gesamtschule? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What type of school is n't the [MASK]? | [
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5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af65 | Comprehensive_school | Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education class... | What type of hospital is the Gesamtschule? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What type of hospital is the [MASK]? | [
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5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af66 | Comprehensive_school | Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education class... | What kinds of courses aren't offered to students who are not experiencing academic success? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What kinds of courses aren't offered to students who are not experiencing academic success? | [
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5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af67 | Comprehensive_school | Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education class... | What kinds of courses are offered to students who are experiencing academic success? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What kinds of courses are offered to students who are experiencing academic success? | [
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5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af68 | Comprehensive_school | Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education class... | What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can't earn? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are the different kinds of certificates that [MASK] students ca n't earn? | [
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5ad5f9765b96ef001a10af6e | Comprehensive_school | The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did. | What percentage of Brandenburg teachers went to a Gesamtschule in 2007? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What percentage of [MASK] teachers went to a [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5ad5f9765b96ef001a10af6f | Comprehensive_school | The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did. | What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2008? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What percentage of [MASK] students went to a [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5ad5f9765b96ef001a10af70 | Comprehensive_school | The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did. | What percentage of Brandenburg students never went to a Gesamtschule in 2007? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What percentage of [MASK] students never went to a [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5ad5f9cd5b96ef001a10af78 | Comprehensive_school | Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg). | What wasn't the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was n't the combination of [MASK] with [MASK] and [MASK] called in [MASK]? | [
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5ad5f9cd5b96ef001a10af79 | Comprehensive_school | Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg). | What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburger? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was the combination of [MASK] with [MASK] and [MASK] called in [MASK]? | [
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... |
5ad5f9cd5b96ef001a10af7a | Comprehensive_school | Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg). | What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen not called in Berlin? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was the combination of [MASK] with [MASK] and [MASK] not called in [MASK]? | [
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5ad5f9cd5b96ef001a10af7c | Comprehensive_school | Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg). | In what school year were Hauptschulen last combined with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what school year were [MASK] last combined with [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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... |
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