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5acd2dff07355d001abf380a | Estonian_language | The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. | What was the last century fo Estonia's Finnic language? | {
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} | What was [MASK] fo [MASK] 's [MASK] language? | [
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5acd2dff07355d001abf380b | Estonian_language | The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. | When is the most recent written records of Finnic Languages of Estonia? | {
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5acd2dff07355d001abf380c | Estonian_language | The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. | In what book were place names, words and fragments of sentences were not included? | {
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5acd2f5507355d001abf3848 | Estonian_language | The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication. | What was the last Estonian language book to be published? | {
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5acd2f5507355d001abf3849 | Estonian_language | The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication. | Who wrote the first prayers? | {
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5acd2f5507355d001abf384a | Estonian_language | The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication. | What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1524? | {
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} | What was the fate of the [MASK] manuscript printed in [MASK]? | [
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5acd2f5507355d001abf384b | Estonian_language | The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication. | At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript published? | {
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5acd2f5507355d001abf384c | Estonian_language | The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication. | What manuscript was written in 1528? | {
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} | What manuscript was written in [MASK]? | [
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5acd2fe907355d001abf3852 | Estonian_language | The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian i... | Who wrote the last Estonian book? | {
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5acd2fe907355d001abf3853 | Estonian_language | The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian i... | What book was published in Eastern Estonia in 1715? | {
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5acd2fe907355d001abf3854 | Estonian_language | The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian i... | What book was not used by priests in 1637? | {
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5acd2fe907355d001abf3855 | Estonian_language | The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian i... | Who wrote in Eastern Estonian? | {
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5acd2fe907355d001abf3856 | Estonian_language | The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian i... | Who wrote the grammar book in 1637? | {
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5acd30aa07355d001abf3890 | Estonian_language | The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national ... | Which Estonian playwright works were printed from 1810 to 1820? | {
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5acd30aa07355d001abf3891 | Estonian_language | The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national ... | What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson novels on? | {
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} | What subjects were [MASK] novels on? | [
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5acd30aa07355d001abf3892 | Estonian_language | The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national ... | Whose birthday is on March 13th? | {
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5acd30aa07355d001abf3893 | Estonian_language | The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national ... | What day is Father Tongue Day on? | {
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} | What day is Father Tongue Day on? | [
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5acd30aa07355d001abf3894 | Estonian_language | The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national ... | What university was Peterson rejected from? | {
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5acd312207355d001abf38a4 | Estonian_language | From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed] | How many books were published in Etonian before 1525? | {
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5acd312207355d001abf38a5 | Estonian_language | From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed] | How many Estonian books were published after 1917 through today? | {
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5acd312207355d001abf38a6 | Estonian_language | From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed] | How many books were published before 1918? | {
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5acd312207355d001abf38a7 | Estonian_language | From 1525 to 1917 14,503 titles were published in Estonian, as opposed to the 23,868 titles which were published between 1918 and 1940.[citation needed] | How many books were published after 1940? | {
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5acd317907355d001abf38b6 | Estonian_language | Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ... | What Age's ideas did not allow Estonian writings to gain significance? | {
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5acd317907355d001abf38b7 | Estonian_language | Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ... | Who did not want their future to be fused with Estonians? | {
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5acd317907355d001abf38b8 | Estonian_language | Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ... | Who had did not like the ancient Estonian culture? | {
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} | Who had did not like the ancient [MASK] culture? | [
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5acd317907355d001abf38b9 | Estonian_language | Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ... | Who conquered the ancient Danes? | {
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} | Who conquered the ancient [MASK]? | [
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5acd31de07355d001abf38c8 | Estonian_language | After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language. | What year did Estonia have a civil war? | {
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} | What year did [MASK] have a civil war? | [
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5acd31de07355d001abf38c9 | Estonian_language | After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language. | What percentage of Estonians did not speak Estonian in 1945? | {
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} | What percentage of [MASK] did not speak [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5acd31de07355d001abf38cb | Estonian_language | After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language. | What language did ethnic Estonians refuse to speak? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What language did ethnic [MASK] refuse to speak? | [
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5acd31de07355d001abf38cc | Estonian_language | After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language. | What year did Estonia fail at getting independence? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What year did [MASK] fail at getting independence? | [
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5acd328807355d001abf38e6 | Estonian_language | When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingu... | What country did not occupy Estonia? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What country did not occupy [MASK]? | [
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5acd328807355d001abf38e7 | Estonian_language | When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingu... | What happened to Estonia during WWI from the Soviet Union? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What happened to [MASK] during WWI from [MASK]? | [
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5acd328807355d001abf38e8 | Estonian_language | When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingu... | What became more intense in the early 1970's in Estonia? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What became more intense in [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5acd328807355d001abf38e9 | Estonian_language | When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingu... | What is the third language of Estonia? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the [MASK] language of [MASK]? | [
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5acd328807355d001abf38ea | Estonian_language | When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingu... | What language was terms the "language of enemy nations"? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What language was terms the "language of enemy nations"? | [
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5acd32ff07355d001abf38fa | Estonian_language | During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted ... | What historical event once again enslaved Estonia? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | What historical event once again enslaved [MASK]? | [
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5acd32ff07355d001abf38fb | Estonian_language | During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted ... | Following the Soviet rise what became the only official Estonian Language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Following the [MASK] rise what became the only official [MASK] Language? | [
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5acd32ff07355d001abf38fc | Estonian_language | During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted ... | What language became less popular prior to the Soviet collapse? | {
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"answer_start": []
} | What language became less popular prior to the [MASK] collapse? | [
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5acd32ff07355d001abf38fd | Estonian_language | During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted ... | What came into being in February 1989? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What came into being in [MASK]? | [
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5acd32ff07355d001abf38fe | Estonian_language | During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted ... | When was Russian encouraged to be used in Estonia? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When was [MASK] encouraged to be used in [MASK]? | [
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5acd3cb907355d001abf39cc | Estonian_language | The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census. | When Soviet immigrants joined Estonia, how many Estonians lived in Estonia? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When [MASK] immigrants joined [MASK], how many [MASK] lived in [MASK]? | [
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5acd3cb907355d001abf39cd | Estonian_language | The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census. | How many native Estonians adopted Estonian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How many native [MASK] adopted [MASK]? | [
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5acd3cb907355d001abf39ce | Estonian_language | The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census. | What percentage of Estonians spoke Russian in 2000? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What percentage of [MASK] spoke [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5acd3cb907355d001abf39cf | Estonian_language | The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census. | What percentage of Soviets spoke Estonian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What percentage of [MASK] spoke [MASK]? | [
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5acd3cb907355d001abf39d0 | Estonian_language | The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census. | What percentage of Latvians spoke Russian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What percentage of [MASK] spoke [MASK]? | [
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5acd3d4907355d001abf39ea | Estonian_language | The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. | What city is north of Tallinn? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What city is north of [MASK]? | [
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5acd3d4907355d001abf39eb | Estonian_language | The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. | What city is south of Tartu? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What city is south of [MASK]? | [
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5acd3d4907355d001abf39ec | Estonian_language | The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. | What is the city where the eastern dialect was historically spoken? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the city where the eastern dialect was historically spoken? | [
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5acd3d4907355d001abf39ed | Estonian_language | The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. | Where is the kirderanniku dialect not spoken? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where is the [MASK] dialect not spoken? | [
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5acd3dc207355d001abf39f2 | Estonian_language | The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore o... | What dialect is also known as the middle dialect? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What dialect is also known as the middle dialect? | [
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5acd3dc207355d001abf39f3 | Estonian_language | The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore o... | What is the dialect from the city of Peipsi? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the dialect from the city of [MASK]? | [
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5acd3dc207355d001abf39f4 | Estonian_language | The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore o... | What dialects of the southern group are spoken on the saarte murre? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What dialects of the southern group are spoken on [MASK]? | [
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5acd3dc207355d001abf39f5 | Estonian_language | The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore o... | What is another name for Estonian's southern dialect? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is another name for [MASK] 's southern dialect? | [
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5acd3e2807355d001abf3a04 | Estonian_language | The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their cu... | What dialects do not comprise the southern group? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What dialects do not comprise the southern group? | [
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5acd3e2807355d001abf3a05 | Estonian_language | The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their cu... | How are the seto and voro communties similar? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How are the seto and voro communties similar? | [
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5acd3e2807355d001abf3a06 | Estonian_language | The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their cu... | What religion is rejected by the Seto and Võro? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What religion is rejected by the [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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5acd3eba07355d001abf3a12 | Estonian_language | Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced simila... | From what script does the Swedish language get its alphabet? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | From what script does the [MASK] language get its alphabet? | [
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5acd3eba07355d001abf3a14 | Estonian_language | Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced simila... | What vowels are not separate phonemes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What vowels are not separate phonemes? | [
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5acd3eba07355d001abf3a15 | Estonian_language | Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced simila... | What letters are not limited to proper names of foreign origin? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What letters are not limited to proper names of foreign origin? | [
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5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a42 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | What principles never govern the Estonian orthography? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What principles never govern the [MASK] orthography? | [
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5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a43 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | On what occasions are š and ž replaced with ch and zu? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | On what occasions are š and ž replaced with ch and zu? | [
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5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a44 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | What is an example of a word not containing a voiceless glottal fricative? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is an example of a word not containing a voiceless glottal fricative? | [
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5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a45 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and ... | Foreign names are not considered what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Foreign names are not considered what? | [
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5acd401307355d001abf3a52 | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography reject? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what Orthagraphy does Modern [MASK] orthography reject? | [
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5acd401307355d001abf3a56 | Estonian_language | Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writ... | When did German orthography stop being influential? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When did [MASK] orthography stop being influential? | [
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5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7a | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | What famous encyclopedia contains a Estonian back-transliteration of Russian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What famous encyclopedia contains a [MASK] back- transliteration of [MASK]? | [
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5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7b | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | What is the Estonian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the [MASK] back- transliteration from [MASK]? | [
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5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7c | Estonian_language | It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g.... | What is the Estonian translation of ostrov? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the [MASK] translation of [MASK]? | [
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5acd412607355d001abf3a8b | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What is not the typological form of Estonian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is not the typological form of [MASK]? | [
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5acd412607355d001abf3a8c | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What sort of form is [MASK] moving away from into? | [
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5acd412607355d001abf3a8d | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the incorrect order of words in [MASK] canonically? | [
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5acd427d07355d001abf3ade | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | What language relies on gendered nouns and pronouns? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What language relies on gendered nouns and pronouns? | [
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5acd427d07355d001abf3adf | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | In nominative cases what never agrees with the noun in number and case? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In nominative cases what never agrees with the noun in number and case? | [
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5acd427d07355d001abf3ae0 | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | What is "a yellow house" in Finnish? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is" a yellow house" in [MASK]? | [
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5acd427d07355d001abf3ae1 | Estonian_language | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | How many cases to verbs decline? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How many cases to verbs decline? | [
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5acd435307355d001abf3b04 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | What language does not have a telicity contrast? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What language does not have a telicity contrast? | [
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5acd435307355d001abf3b05 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | Where can the direct object of the noun be found? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where can the direct object of the noun be found? | [
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5acd435307355d001abf3b06 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | Why is the accusative rejected? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Why is the accusative rejected? | [
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5acd435307355d001abf3b07 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | What is an example of a partial object? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is an example of a partial object? | [
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5acd435307355d001abf3b08 | Estonian_language | The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity... | What does a transitive noun create? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does a transitive noun create? | [
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5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2a | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | From what system is a distinctive future tense prominent? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | From what system is a distinctive future tense prominent? | [
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0... |
5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2b | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | What is used in place of the past tense? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is used in place of the past tense? | [
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0.... |
5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2c | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an determined subject? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does [MASK] use to show actions performed by an determined subject? | [
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-0.02... |
5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2d | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | What is performed by the undetermined subject? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is performed by the undetermined subject? | [
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-0.... |
5acd45d907355d001abf3b9a | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | What language does Estonian have very close origins with? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What language does [MASK] have very close origins with? | [
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-0.... |
5acd45d907355d001abf3b9b | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | When did Low Saxon stop being part of the Estonian language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When did [MASK] stop being part of the [MASK] language? | [
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0.... |
5acd45d907355d001abf3b9c | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | From what non-Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | From what [MASK] language does [MASK] derive its vocabulary? | [
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-... |
5acd45d907355d001abf3b9d | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | Non-Standard German is part of what Germanic language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [MASK] is part of what [MASK] language? | [
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... |
5acd45d907355d001abf3b9e | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | Less than 30 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [MASK] of [MASK] 's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? | [
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0.001... |
5acd465c07355d001abf3bae | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What two letters can never be replaced with each other in Estonian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What [MASK] letters can never be replaced with each other in [MASK]? | [
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0.0324960... |
5acd465c07355d001abf3baf | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What happens to the first letter when a word starts with an 'L'? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What happens to the [MASK] letter when a word starts with an' L'? | [
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... |
5acd465c07355d001abf3bb0 | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | In an example of replacing 's' with 'g' how is 'baggage' pronounced? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In an example of replacing 's' with 'g' how is 'baggage' pronounced? | [
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5acd465c07355d001abf3bb1 | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What word does Tool become when you apply the interchangeable rule? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What word does Tool become when you apply the interchangeable rule? | [
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... |
5acd465c07355d001abf3bb2 | Estonian_language | Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'. The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'. | What word does Loopima become when you drop the appropriate letter? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What word does [MASK] become when you drop the appropriate letter? | [
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5acd469e07355d001abf3bb8 | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | Who was the journalist refused to be a language planner? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who was the journalist refused to be a language planner? | [
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5acd469e07355d001abf3bb9 | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Germany? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what years did [MASK] do journalism work in [MASK]? | [
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5acd469e07355d001abf3bbc | Estonian_language | Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing. | What is the word for creating new words out of old words? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the word for creating new words out of old words? | [
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0.0260... |
5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd6 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the least well known? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Of all of [MASK] 's language reformers who is the least well known? | [
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... |
5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd7 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik lived in Germany? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was the period of time in which [MASK] lived in [MASK]? | [
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0.00168... |
5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd8 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of old words? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the technique [MASK] used to create [MASK] words out of old words? | [
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0... |
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