Datasets:
metadata
dataset_info:
- config_name: Akan_Twi_dev
features:
- name: ID
dtype: string
- name: Country
dtype: string
- name: Language
dtype: string
- name: Category
dtype: string
- name: self_made
dtype: string
- name: eng_question
dtype: string
- name: native_question
dtype: string
- name: correct_en
dtype: string
- name: wrong_en_o1
dtype: string
- name: wrong_en_o2
dtype: string
- name: wrong_en_o3
dtype: string
- name: correct_native
dtype: string
- name: wrong_native_o1
dtype: string
- name: wrong_native_o2
dtype: string
- name: wrong_native_o3
dtype: string
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: eng_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_correct
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_wrong_o1
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_wrong_o2
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_wrong_o3
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_correct
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_wrong_o1
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_wrong_o2
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_wrong_o3
dtype: audio
splits:
- name: dev
num_bytes: 110426807
num_examples: 214
download_size: 80575654
dataset_size: 110426807
- config_name: Akan_Twi_test
features:
- name: ID
dtype: string
- name: Country
dtype: string
- name: Language
dtype: string
- name: Category
dtype: string
- name: self_made
dtype: string
- name: eng_question
dtype: string
- name: native_question
dtype: string
- name: en_option_1
dtype: string
- name: en_option_2
dtype: string
- name: en_option_3
dtype: string
- name: en_option_4
dtype: string
- name: native_option_1
dtype: string
- name: native_option_2
dtype: string
- name: native_option_3
dtype: string
- name: native_option_4
dtype: string
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: eng_audio_question
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_option_2
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_option_3
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_option_4
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_option_1
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_option_2
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_option_3
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_option_4
dtype: audio
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 157566211
num_examples: 322
download_size: 113515756
dataset_size: 157566211
- config_name: Amharic_dev
features:
- name: ID
dtype: string
- name: Country
dtype: string
- name: Language
dtype: string
- name: Category
dtype: string
- name: self_made
dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: native_question
dtype: string
- name: correct_en
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: wrong_en_o3
dtype: string
- name: correct_native
dtype: string
- name: wrong_native_o1
dtype: string
- name: wrong_native_o2
dtype: string
- name: wrong_native_o3
dtype: string
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: eng_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_correct
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_wrong_o1
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_wrong_o2
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_wrong_o3
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_correct
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_wrong_o1
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_wrong_o2
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_wrong_o3
dtype: audio
splits:
- name: dev
num_bytes: 426146956
num_examples: 199
download_size: 398654942
dataset_size: 426146956
- config_name: Amharic_test
features:
- name: ID
dtype: string
- name: Country
dtype: string
- name: Language
dtype: string
- name: Category
dtype: string
- name: self_made
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: eng_audio_question
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_option_1
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_option_2
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_option_4
dtype: audio
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 631657714
num_examples: 300
download_size: 590505175
dataset_size: 631657714
- config_name: Chichewa_dev
features:
- name: ID
dtype: string
- name: Country
dtype: string
- name: Language
dtype: string
- name: Category
dtype: string
- name: self_made
dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: native_question
dtype: string
- name: correct_en
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: wrong_en_o3
dtype: string
- name: correct_native
dtype: string
- name: wrong_native_o1
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: image
dtype: image
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dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_correct
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_correct
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
splits:
- name: dev
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num_examples: 200
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dataset_size: 285268884
- config_name: Chichewa_test
features:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: Language
dtype: string
- name: Category
dtype: string
- name: self_made
dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: native_question
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: native_option_1
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: eng_audio_question
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_option_1
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 444714379
num_examples: 301
download_size: 365386093
dataset_size: 444714379
- config_name: Hausa_dev
features:
- name: ID
dtype: string
- name: Country
dtype: string
- name: Language
dtype: string
- name: Category
dtype: string
- name: self_made
dtype: string
- name: eng_question
dtype: string
- name: native_question
dtype: string
- name: correct_en
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: wrong_native_o3
dtype: string
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: eng_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: eng_audio_correct
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_correct
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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- name: dev
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- config_name: Hausa_test
features:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
- name: image
dtype: image
- name: eng_audio_question
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_question
dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
splits:
- name: test
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- config_name: Igbo_dev
features:
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dtype: string
- name: Country
dtype: string
- name: Language
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
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dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_question
dtype: audio
- name: native_audio_correct
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dtype: audio
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splits:
- name: dev
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- config_name: Igbo_test
features:
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splits:
- name: test
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- config_name: Kikuyu_dev
features:
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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- name: dev
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- config_name: Kikuyu_test
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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splits:
- name: test
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- config_name: Kinyarwanda_dev
features:
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dtype: string
- name: Country
dtype: string
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dtype: string
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dtype: string
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- name: native_audio_question
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- config_name: Kinyarwanda_test
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splits:
- name: test
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- config_name: Lingala_dev
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- name: dev
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- config_name: Lingala_test
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splits:
- name: test
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- config_name: Luganda_dev
features:
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dtype: audio
splits:
- name: dev
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- config_name: Luganda_test
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data_files:
- split: dev
path: Igbo_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Igbo_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Igbo_test/test-*
- config_name: Kikuyu_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Kikuyu_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Kikuyu_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Kikuyu_test/test-*
- config_name: Kinyarwanda_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Kinyarwanda_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Kinyarwanda_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Kinyarwanda_test/test-*
- config_name: Lingala_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Lingala_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Lingala_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Lingala_test/test-*
- config_name: Luganda_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Luganda_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Luganda_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Luganda_test/test-*
- config_name: Oromo_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Oromo_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Oromo_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Oromo_test/test-*
- config_name: Sesotho_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Sesotho_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Sesotho_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Sesotho_test/test-*
- config_name: Setswana_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Setswana_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Setswana_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Setswana_test/test-*
- config_name: Somali_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Somali_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Somali_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Somali_test/test-*
- config_name: Tigrinya_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Tigrinya_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Tigrinya_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Tigrinya_test/test-*
- config_name: Yoruba_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Yoruba_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Yoruba_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Yoruba_test/test-*
- config_name: Zulu_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: Zulu_dev/dev-*
- config_name: Zulu_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: Zulu_test/test-*
- config_name: all_dev
data_files:
- split: dev
path: all_dev/dev-*
- config_name: all_test
data_files:
- split: test
path: all_test/test-*
language:
- en
- tw
- am
- ha
- ig
- ln
- lg
- om
- rw
- ki
- so
- ti
- yo
- tn
- ny
- zu
- st
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
task_categories:
- image-text-to-text
- audio-text-to-text
- question-answering
pretty_name: 'Afri-MCQA: Multimodal Cultural Question Answering for African Languages'
tags:
- multimodal
- african-languages
- vqa
- low-resource languages
- multilingual
Afri-MCQA: Multimodal Cultural Question Answering for African Languages
Overview
Afri-MCQA is the first multilingual cultural question-answering benchmark covering 8k Q&A pairs across 16 African languages from 13 countries. The benchmark offers parallel English-African language Q&A pairs across text and speech modalities, entirely created by native speakers.
Supported Tasks
- Visual Question Answering (VQA): Multiple-choice and open-ended QA grounded in culturally relevant images
- Visual Audio Question Answering: Speech-based QA grounded in culturally relevant images in native African languages and African-accented English
- Language Identification (LID): Identifying which of the 15 languages is spoken
- Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR): Transcribing spoken African language audio
Languages
| Language - Country | Language Family | Region |
|---|---|---|
| Akan/Twi - Ghana | Niger-Congo / Volta-Niger | West |
| Amharic - Ethiopia | Afro-Asiatic / Ethio-Semitic | East |
| Chichewa - Malawi | Niger-Congo / Bantu | South & East |
| Hausa - Nigeria | Afro-Asiatic / Chadic | West |
| Igbo - Nigeria | Niger-Congo / Volta-Niger | West |
| Kikuyu - Kenya | Niger-Congo / Bantu | East |
| Kinyarwanda - Rwanda | Niger-Congo / Bantu | East |
| Lingala - DRC | Niger–Congo/ Bantu | Central Africa |
| Luganda - Uganda | Niger-Congo / Bantu | East |
| Oromo - Ethiopia | Afro-Asiatic / Cushitic | East |
| Setswana - Botswana | Niger-Congo / Bantu | South |
| Somali - Somalia | Afro-Asiatic / Cushitic | East |
| Tigrinya - Eritrea | Afro-Asiatic / Ethio-Semitic | East |
| Yoruba - Nigeria | Niger-Congo / Volta-Niger | West |
| Sesotho - Lesotho | Niger-Congo / Bantu | South |
| Zulu - South Africa | Niger-Congo / Bantu | South |
Total speaker population: ~412.6 million
Dataset Structure
Each sample includes:
- image: Culturally relevant image
- question_english / question_native: Question in both languages
- options_english / options_native: Four multiple-choice options
- answer: Correct answer
- audio_question_english / audio_question_native: Audio recordings
- category: One of 10 cultural categories
- country / language: Origin metadata
Cultural Categories
🏛️ Geography & Landmarks | 👤 Public Figures & Pop Culture | 🍲 Cooking & Food | 👕 Objects & Clothing |🎭 Traditions & History | 🏢 Brands & Companies | 🌿 Plants & Animals | 👨👩👧 People & Everyday Life | 🚗 Vehicles & Transportation | ⚽ Sports & Recreation
Licensing
This dataset is released under CC-BY-NC-4.0.
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
# Per language
amharic_dev = load_dataset("Atnafu/Afri-MCQA", "Amharic_dev", split="dev")
amharic_test = load_dataset("Atnafu/Afri-MCQA", "Amharic_test", split="test")
# All languages grouped
all_dev = load_dataset("Atnafu/Afri-MCQA", "all_dev", split="dev")
all_test = load_dataset("Atnafu/Afri-MCQA", "all_test", split="test")
Citation
@article{tonja2026afri,
title={Afri-MCQA: Multimodal Cultural Question Answering for African Languages},
author={Tonja, Atnafu Lambebo and Anand, Srija and Villa-Cueva, Emilio and Azime, Israel Abebe and Alabi, Jesujoba Oluwadara and Mohamed, Muhidin A and Yadeta, Debela Desalegn and Abadi, Negasi Haile and Oppong, Abigail and Obiefuna, Nnaemeka Casmir and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.05699},
year={2026}
}