text stringlengths 454 608k | url stringlengths 17 896 | dump stringclasses 91 values | source stringclasses 1 value | word_count int64 101 114k | flesch_reading_ease float64 50 104 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GCD provides 3 types of queues:
- Serial queues: Tasks in a serial queue are executed one at a time in the order they were submitted. Each task is started only after the preceding task is completed.
- Concurrent queues: Tasks in a concurrent queue execute concurrently; however, the tasks are still started in the order that they were added to the queue. The exact number of tasks that can be executed at any given instance is variable and is dependent on the system resources.
- Main dispatch queue: The main dispatch queue is a globally available serial queue that executes tasks on the application's main thread. It is usually called when some background processing has finished and the UI needs to be updated.
import UIKit func requestWebPage(url: String) { let url = URL(string: url)! let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in guard data != nil else { return } } task.resume() } func performTask(id: String, url: String, count: Int) { let start = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() print("Start time for \(id): \(start) \n") for _ in 0 ..< count { requestWebPage(url: url) } let end = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() print("End time for \(id): \(end)") print("Total time spent for \(id): \(end-start) \n") } //will execute on the main queue DispatchQueue.main.async { performTask(id: "M1", url: "", count: 50) } //concurrent processing let parallelQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "p.com.mysamplecode", attributes: .concurrent) parallelQueue.async { performTask(id: "P1", url: "", count: 20) } parallelQueue.async { performTask(id: "P2", url: "", count: 2) } parallelQueue.async { performTask(id: "P3", url: "", count: 10) } //will execute on the main queue DispatchQueue.main.async { performTask(id: "M2", url: "", count: 50) } //process one after another let serialQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "s.com.mysamplecode") serialQueue.async { performTask(id: "S1", url: "", count: 20) } serialQueue.async { performTask(id: "S2", url: "", count: 2) } serialQueue.async { performTask(id: "S3", url: "", count: 10) }
Here are the Results
- As you can see from the results none of the M1 or M2 jobs started earlier because the main queue was occupied even thought we kicked them off earlier.
- Now in case of parallel jobs P1,P2 and P3 they all started in sequence but ended based on how much time it took them to process, basically running concurrently until they were finished.
- With regards to S1, S2 and S3 jobs each one started only after the previous one finished.
Now you can decide based on the application need which queue to use.
Start time for P1: 577300830.560195 Start time for P2: 577300830.560626 Start time for P3: 577300830.560646 Start time for S1: 577300830.560727 End time for P2: 577300830.611294 Total time spent for P2: 0.05066800117492676 End time for P3: 577300830.612932 Total time spent for P3: 0.05228590965270996 End time for P1: 577300830.669353 Total time spent for P1: 0.10915803909301758 End time for S1: 577300830.67013 Total time spent for S1: 0.10940301418304443 Start time for S2: 577300830.670222 End time for S2: 577300830.700119 Total time spent for S2: 0.029896974563598633 Start time for S3: 577300830.700301 End time for S3: 577300830.706292 Total time spent for S3: 0.0059909820556640625 Start time for M1: 577300830.746559 End time for M1: 577300830.802805 Total time spent for M1: 0.05624592304229736 Start time for M2: 577300830.803108 End time for M2: 577300830.8545 Total time spent for M2: 0.0513920783996582
NO JUNK, Please try to keep this clean and related to the topic at hand.
Comments are for users to ask questions, collaborate or improve on existing. | https://www.mysamplecode.com/2019/04/swift-grand-central-dispatch.html | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | refinedweb | 571 | 77.84 |
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- Syntax for Serializing generic ref class | https://bytes.com/sitemap/f-312-p-56.html | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | refinedweb | 3,323 | 54.93 |
Seems like version 5’s improved class handling just came out yesterday. The new edition, of which snapshots are available, seems like a pretty moderate upgrade. It adds built-in tools for working with XML and SOAP, support for creating custom namespaces for methods and classes, and better Unicode handling.
Version 6 also ditches several features that have traditionally caused difficulties and gotten PHP teased in the playground: safe_mode, register_globals, and magic_quotes. They will not be missed.
Keep your eyes peeled too for goto-style jumping:
break FOO; will break and jump to the label FOO elsewhere in the code.
DeveloperWorks takes an in-depth look at the changes. Read the initial plan, the latest changelog, or grab a development build from snaps.php.net and try it out.
See Also:
No user commented in " PHP6 Is Around The Corner "Follow-up comment rss or Leave a Trackback | http://m.mowser.com/web/blog.010techpros.com%2F2008%2F05%2F19%2Fphp6-is-around-the-corner%2F | crawl-002 | refinedweb | 148 | 65.62 |
IRC log of html-wg on 2009-04-16
Timestamps are in UTC.
16:09:23 [RRSAgent]
RRSAgent has joined #html-wg
16:09:23 [RRSAgent]
logging to
16:09:24 [ChrisWilson]
zakim, close item 1
16:09:24 [Zakim]
agendum 1, publication, closed
16:09:26 [Zakim]
I see 1 item remaining on the agenda:
16:09:27 [Zakim]
2. review tracker [from ChrisWilson]
16:09:29 [ChrisWilson]
zakim, take up item 2
16:09:29 [Zakim]
agendum 2. "review tracker" taken up [from ChrisWilson]
16:09:47 [MikeSmith]
Zakim, call Mike-Mobile
16:09:47 [Zakim]
ok, MikeSmith; the call is being made
16:09:48 [Zakim]
+Mike
16:09:51 [anne]
RRSAgent, make logs public
16:09:55 [ChrisWilson]
tracker:
16:09:56 [pimpbot]
Title: Input for Agenda Planning for the HTML Weekly - HTML Weekly Tracker (at)
16:10:19 [masinter]
masinter has joined #html-wg
16:10:20 [MikeSmith]
Zakim, who's on the phone?
16:10:20 [Zakim]
On the phone I see Julian, Sam, ChrisWilson, anne, Cynthia_Shelly, Mike
16:10:22 [anne]
scribe: anne
16:10:29 [anne]
chair: ChrisWilson
16:10:31 [MikeSmith]
trackbot, start meeting
16:10:32 [masinter]
zakim, call masinter
16:10:32 [Zakim]
I am sorry, masinter; I do not know a number for masinter
16:10:33 [trackbot]
RRSAgent, make logs public
16:10:35 [trackbot]
Zakim, this will be HTML
16:10:35 [Zakim]
ok, trackbot, I see HTML_WG()12:00PM already started
16:10:36 [trackbot]
Meeting: HTML Weekly Teleconference
16:10:36 [trackbot]
Date: 16 April 2009
16:10:42 [anne]
Topic: Publication
16:10:51 [anne]
AvK: I was wondering about the status publication.
16:11:00 [anne]
RS: Now html5-diff is done I think we should ask MS.
16:11:03 [anne]
CW: Ok.
16:11:09 [ChrisWilson]
created an action-119 on mike to publish diffs and spec
16:11:51 [Zakim]
+Masinter
16:11:52 [anne]
MS: I think we can do it Tuesday
16:12:00 [anne]
CW: Great!
16:12:20 [masinter]
action-111?
16:12:20 [trackbot]
ACTION-111 -- Sam Ruby to work on process issues re: summary -- due 2009-04-09 -- OPEN
16:12:20 [trackbot]
16:12:21 [ChrisWilson]
reviewing tracker:
16:12:21 [pimpbot]
Title: ACTION-111 - HTML Weekly Tracker (at)
16:12:55 [anne]
Topic: Sam Ruby's actions
16:12:59 [Julian]
q+
16:13:04 [ChrisWilson]
ack j
16:13:10 [MikeSmith]
agenda?
16:13:15 [anne]
SR: for ACTION-111 and ACTION-99 there was little interest on the topics so I plan on closing them
16:13:30 [anne]
JR: I'm interested in the profile attribute. What kind of input are you looking for?
16:13:42 [ChrisWilson]
s/closing them/closing them if there's no interest within three weeks
16:14:03 [anne]
SR: Robert Sayre was supposed to writing text for this and that is three months ago now.
16:14:05 [MikeSmith]
agenda+ public-pfwg-comments list / facilitating ARIA comment submission/discussion
16:14:11 [masinter]
action-99?
16:14:11 [trackbot]
ACTION-99 -- Sam Ruby to review @profile -- due 2009-04-09 -- OPEN
16:14:11 [trackbot]
16:14:12 [anne]
SR: Losing hope that this works out.
16:14:13 [pimpbot]
Title: ACTION-99 - HTML Weekly Tracker (at)
16:14:21 [anne]
JR: Can I write spec text?
16:14:25 [anne]
SR: Not sure if that's sufficient.
16:14:41 [rubys]
s/is three/is approaching three/
16:14:41 [anne]
SR: Though if there's hope we can get consensus on that, sure
16:15:01 [anne]
LM: The action items are very informative
16:15:15 [anne]
SR: There's extensive discussion on the mailing list
16:15:21 [anne]
LM: I guess those aren't linked
16:15:37 [anne]
SR: We're missing sufficient interest
16:16:01 [anne]
LM: I'm not sure it's clear to everyone that that's the critical path
16:16:04 [anne]
SR: I'll make it clear
16:16:08 [anne]
LM: That's great then
16:16:15 [anne]
CW: I'm fine with that; move on?
16:16:18 [anne]
SR: Ok
16:16:24 [ChrisWilson]
action-103?
16:16:24 [trackbot]
ACTION-103 -- Lachlan Hunt to register about: URI scheme -- due 2009-04-09 -- OPEN
16:16:24 [trackbot]
16:16:26 [pimpbot]
Title: ACTION-103 - HTML Weekly Tracker (at)
16:16:29 [Julian]
q+
16:16:30 [masinter]
there's lots of interest in the features, need to be clear to the people that are interested in the feature that this is the criticla path
16:16:34 [ChrisWilson]
ack j
16:16:53 [masinter]
julian: there has not been a new draft submitted yet
16:16:54 [anne]
Topic: about URL scheme
16:17:00 [anne]
JR: no draft has been submitted
16:17:09 [anne]
CW: I believe LH was travelling and just got back
16:17:15 [anne]
CW: I'll ping him
16:17:16 [Julian]
s/no draft/no new draft/
16:17:44 [masinter]
action-105?
16:17:45 [trackbot]
ACTION-105 -- Sam Ruby to should arrange a meeting between chairs of HTML WG and XHTML2 WG to ensure there is a plan for coordination of vocabularies to avoid incompatibilities. -- due 2009-04-09 -- OPEN
16:17:45 [trackbot]
16:17:46 [pimpbot]
Title: ACTION-105 - HTML Weekly Tracker (at)
16:17:55 [anne]
Julian, they coordinate
16:18:06 [anne]
Topic: XHTML2 + HTML
16:18:19 [anne]
SR: I think the ball is in the court of Steven Pemberton and co
16:18:30 [anne]
SR: So I'm pushing this back a couple of weeks
16:18:32 [masinter]
again, emails discussing this action are not linked from action, is this a tracker problem?
16:18:33 [anne]
CW: Ok
16:18:44 [ChrisWilson]
action-108
16:18:46 [ChrisWilson]
action-108?
16:18:46 [trackbot]
ACTION-108 -- Larry Masinter to report back on the TAG's work on versioning wrt HTML -- due 2009-04-16 -- OPEN
16:18:46 [trackbot]
16:18:47 [anne]
masinter, are there emails?
16:18:50 [pimpbot]
Title: ACTION-108 - HTML Weekly Tracker (at)
16:18:55 [anne]
Topic: TAG work on versioning
16:19:07 [anne]
LM: topic scheduled for the next meeting
16:19:15 [ChrisWilson]
action-105 +1week
16:19:25 [anne]
LM: any thoughts on what the TAG could do that would be useful?
16:20:18 [anne]
LM: the current draft from the TAG regarding a general framework might not always apply cleanly to HTML
16:20:31 [anne]
CW: I would like to understand what the TAG thinks, what they'd recommend
16:20:36 [anne]
CW: for versioning in HTML
16:20:43 [anne]
LM: specifically?
16:21:00 [anne]
CW: Right now I feel like there's a lot of discussion regarding versioning and patterns around versioning
16:21:16 [anne]
CW: there's probably a feeling that the patterns don't necessarily apply to HTML
16:21:20 [masinter]
This is the topic for the next TAG call today
16:21:26 [anne]
CW: wanting to have one HTML; those two things are in conflict
16:21:35 [anne]
CW: I believe that versioning is a really good thing in any language
16:21:44 [anne]
CW: that's not a general consensus here, certainly
16:21:52 [anne]
LM: what qualities of versioning do you think is missing?
16:22:01 [anne]
LM: what is that you don't have that you want?
16:22:11 [anne]
LM: need more elaboration of the problem
16:22:30 [anne]
CW: I want it to be clear that when I answer that question the "you" is Chris Wilson and not the HTML WG
16:23:04 [anne]
CW: the general problem with how we define HTML today; if HTML5 becomes a Rec and we realize we did something poorly we will cause rampant compatibility problems if we change implementations
16:23:39 [anne]
CW: there are a whole bunch of versioning mechanism that will address that but also cause their own problems
16:24:09 [anne]
CW: e.g. create a whole new element or feature
16:24:38 [masinter]
I think the general idea of 'versioning' is that you include some indicator of version in the current language that will allow current processors to deal appropriately with future languages and recognize that they don't understand or can process appropriately this future content. The main thing is to categorize or predict the kinds of future content that current implementations should avoid or react to in some appropriate way. What are
16:24:38 [masinter]
those categories?
16:24:40 [anne]
CW: or specify very specific versions e.g. 5.0.3
16:24:58 [anne]
CW: somewhere in between would work
16:25:18 [ChrisWilson]
^ "somewhere in that spectrum will be our solution"
16:25:25 [anne]
sorry
16:25:38 [anne]
s/somewhere in between would work/somewhere in that spectrum will be our solution/
16:25:56 [anne]
LM: The difficult thing is figuring out what changes we want to allow for.
16:26:23 [anne]
LM: E.g. we indicate the current version in the document and current and future implementations will react differently to that somehow
16:26:52 [masinter]
giving you a flavor of the general approach, and hoping to use HTML versioning as a good example
16:27:01 [anne]
CW: Having the TAG consider the whole spectrum of strategies and providing feedback on what would be best would be good
16:27:36 [anne]
LM: What's versioning anyway? Provide a indicator of the version in the document and future implementations will react to that in a certain way.
16:28:03 [anne]
LM: Some extensions might require plug-ins, some might not require browser implementations at all.
16:28:20 [anne]
CW: I'm happy to listen to other people
16:28:23 [masinter]
Using Raman's deconstruction of features as "platform features" vs "language features"
16:28:50 [anne]
CW: I think the idea of not having a version is the idea that HTML is lasting platform
16:29:07 [masinter]
Version indicators in HTML have included DOCTYPE, namespaces, adding new elements, attributes, new APIs, Javascript indicators of versions, MIME types, ....
16:29:15 [anne]
CW: The idea of writing HTML in 2035 and having it still be usable in implementations of 2020
16:29:22 [anne]
CW: I don't think that will work
16:29:24 [masinter]
are there more kind of 'version indicators' or things that current processors can recognize?
16:30:04 [anne]
CW: I meant that the other way around
16:30:24 [masinter]
content written at time X should be usable in browsers built at X+Y, and also the converse
16:30:35 [anne]
CW: I.e. writing content in 2020 still being usable in 2035 without having to implement lots of versions of HTML
16:30:48 [anne]
CW: I think that's the goal of some people however I'm sceptical that it's going to work
16:31:08 [anne]
CW: However large and smart the group is I don't think they can foresee all implications
16:31:17 [jgraham]
Content written in 1995 still works in 2009
16:32:01 [anne]
LM: [...] that older readers can still read from newer writers in some way
16:32:14 [anne]
LM: i.e. current readers deal with future content; that's hard
16:32:27 [anne]
LM: the other way, future readers can read current content
16:32:50 [anne]
AvK: why is that needed? content from 95 still works in 2009?
16:32:53 [cshelly]
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16:33:13 [anne]
LM: that's because you have doctype switching
16:33:23 [anne]
AvK: ok, that's from 99, since then we haven't done anything like that
16:34:34 [anne]
AvK: I would find it interesting if the TAG looked at this from a historical perspective rather than a framework perspective. E.g. look at CSS and HTML in more detail
16:35:43 [anne]
CW: in 2005 we were still able to play with doctype switching
16:35:46 [masinter]
standards mode vs. quirks mode history is really useful
16:35:57 [anne]
CW: in 2006 we switched things and got more issues
16:36:06 [masinter]
is this written up somewhere? this is really useful
16:36:21 [anne]
CW: we get the same ability to switch things based on HTML5 nodes
16:36:34 [anne]
masinter,
has info on DOCTYPE switching
16:36:35 [pimpbot]
Title: Activating Browser Modes with Doctype (at hsivonen.iki.fi)
16:37:18 [anne]
AvK: fyi: IE is quite different from all other browsers here. In other browsers quirks mode is just a fixed amount of differences
16:37:49 [ChrisWilson]
agreed: IE has a higher bar for compatibility version-over-version than other browsers.
16:37:55 [masinter]
thanks, this is very helpful
16:38:05 [anne]
CW: do you feel you have enough to go on?
16:38:16 [anne]
LM: we have an agenda but I wanted to explicitly ask this group
16:38:33 [anne]
LM: it's important that the TAG does things that are useful for the W3C WGs; not sure that's always been the history
16:38:46 [anne]
SR: do we have a new date?
16:38:52 [dsinger]
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16:38:52 [anne]
CW: I assume next week
16:38:56 [anne]
LM: I can report next week
16:39:06 [anne]
CW: ok
16:39:23 [anne]
LM: I see this as an ongoing conversation
16:39:24 [DanC_lap]
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16:40:03 [ChrisWilson]
action-114?
16:40:03 [trackbot]
ACTION-114 -- Cynthia Shelly to report progress on ARIA TF -- due 2009-04-16 -- OPEN
16:40:03 [trackbot]
16:40:05 [pimpbot]
Title: ACTION-114 - HTML Weekly Tracker (at)
16:40:08 [anne]
Topic: ARIA TF
16:40:46 [anne]
CS: Meeting two weeks; next one tomorrow; making slow progress. People are making progress on the various action items.
16:41:02 [anne]
CS: Waiting for someone from Opera and Apple. Pretty sure about Opera, less confident about Apple.
16:41:17 [anne]
CS: Maybe push this report of three weeks so I can report after the meeting?
16:41:19 [anne]
CW: ok
16:41:25 [ChrisWilson]
action-115
16:41:28 [ChrisWilson]
action-115?
16:41:28 [trackbot]
ACTION-115 -- Michael(tm) Smith to set up WBS for HTML WG participants to @@ reTPAC 2009 -- due 2009-04-16 -- OPEN
16:41:28 [trackbot]
16:41:30 [pimpbot]
Title: ACTION-115 - HTML Weekly Tracker (at)
16:41:46 [anne]
Topic: TPAC 2009 WBS form
16:41:49 [anne]
MS: still not done
16:42:09 [anne]
AvK: wasn't there a deadline?
16:42:11 [MikeSmith]
action-115 due tomorrow
16:42:12 [trackbot]
ACTION-115 Set up WBS for HTML WG participants to @@ reTPAC 2009 due date now tomorrow
16:42:12 [anne]
MS: internal use
16:42:20 [anne]
CW: I replied weeks ago that we did want to have a meeting
16:42:28 [anne]
CW: was enough interest on the telcon back then
16:42:43 [anne]
CW: so we met that deadline
16:43:15 [ChrisWilson]
any other items?
16:43:26 [anne]
RRSAgent, draft minutes
16:43:26 [RRSAgent]
I have made the request to generate
anne
16:43:41 [Zakim]
-anne
16:44:16 [MikeSmith]
Zakim, take up agendum 3
16:44:16 [Zakim]
agendum 3. "public-pfwg-comments list / facilitating ARIA comment submission/discussion" taken up [from MikeSmith]
16:44:32 [ChrisWilson]
zakim, close agendum 2
16:44:32 [Zakim]
agendum 2, review tracker, closed
16:44:33 [Zakim]
I see 1 item remaining on the agenda:
16:44:34 [Zakim]
3. public-pfwg-comments list / facilitating ARIA comment submission/discussion [from MikeSmith]
16:53:59 [adele]
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16:56:23 [MikeSmith]
action: Michael(tm) to talk with Michael Cooper and PFWG about possibility of better facilitating comments on ARIA spec
16:56:23 [trackbot]
Created ACTION-120 - Talk with Michael Cooper and PFWG about possibility of better facilitating comments on ARIA spec [on Michael(tm) Smith - due 2009-04-23].
16:56:57 [Zakim]
-Mike
16:56:58 [Zakim]
-Cynthia_Shelly
16:56:58 [Zakim]
-Julian
16:56:59 [Zakim]
-ChrisWilson
16:56:59 [Zakim]
-Sam
16:57:01 [Zakim]
-Masinter
16:57:01 [Zakim]
HTML_WG()12:00PM has ended
16:57:03 [Zakim]
Attendees were Julian, Sam, ChrisWilson, anne, Cynthia_Shelly, Mike, Masinter
16:57:08 [ChrisWilson]
rrsagent, make minutes
16:57:08 [RRSAgent]
I have made the request to generate
ChrisWilson
16:57:09 [pimpbot]
Title: HTML Weekly Teleconference -- 16 Apr 2009 (at)
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21:57:40 [pimpbot]
planet: Couches in Browsers <11>
22:57:53 [billmason]
billmason has left #html-wg | http://www.w3.org/2009/04/16-html-wg-irc | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | refinedweb | 3,019 | 51.65 |
Py5Font.get_shape()
Contents
Py5Font.get_shape()#
Get a single character as a Py5Shape object.
Examples#
def setup(): font = py5.create_font('DejaVu Sans', 32) chr_p = font.get_shape('p') chr_y = font.get_shape('y') chr_5 = font.get_shape('5') chr_p.disable_style() chr_y.disable_style() chr_5.disable_style() py5.fill(0) py5.no_stroke() x = 25 py5.shape(chr_p, x, 40) x += chr_p.get_width() py5.shape(chr_y, x, 60) x += chr_y.get_width() py5.shape(chr_5, x, 80)
Description#
Get a single character as a Py5Shape object. Use the
detail parameter to draw the shape with only straight line segments.
Calling Py5Shape.disable_style() on the returned Py5Shape object seems to be necessary for these to be drawable.
This method only works on fonts loaded with create_font().
Underlying Processing method: PFont.getShape
Signatures#
get_shape( ch: chr, # single character /, ) -> Py5Shape get_shape( ch: chr, # single character detail: float, # level of shape detail /, ) -> Py5Shape
Updated on September 01, 2022 16:36:02pm UTC | https://py5.ixora.io/reference/py5font_get_shape.html | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | refinedweb | 149 | 63.25 |
> From: Tom Lord [mailto:address@hidden > Sent: Friday, March 05, 2004 11:44 PM > _If_ you are correct that case issues effect many (I've only ever > heard you complain) -- there are sane ways to handle that (i.e., with > a VU namespace handler). My preferred OS is GNU/Linux, however at work I write Windows code for construction companies associated with my employer. One of our competitors nearly did themselves in trying to force a *nix solution on the same industry group. So a borked file system is de rigour for me. Also, I had personal reasons for needing a couple of notebook computers for my wife and I. I did my research and while they did not suit my ideal of running only free software, a Mac PowerBook and iBook were the best fit for our needs. It's a trade off, but I'd rather temporarily run a proprietary GUI than pay the Microsoft tax. Also, I really only use free software on top of Darwin and intend, when time permits, to install and run YDL, Gentoo or something similar. The one thing I was unaware and had not seen documented anywhere prior to purchase was that HFS{+} was case insensitive. Mea culpa, but nonetheless a reality of my daily life. > How do you cope with #include, btw? And, what does tar do? Where Dustin did not respond to the former, I have at least a partial answer. I have never seen a project with two header files which differ only in case, e.g. String.h and string.h. If I did, I would likely rearrange it so that they were in two separate directories and use at least a partial path in the include statements to differentiate them. Alternatively I might prepend or append an underline to one of the names. The more difficult part when dealing with developers from a strictly DOS/Windows background is that it is nearly impossible to get them to use a consistent case in their include statements and I lack authority to force them to do so. If the software is ported to a case-sensitive system, this must be corrected, there is no way around it. As for tar IIRC you will typically get one of two reactions depending upon the port. I recalling seeing tar abort with an error when it contains a directory and file that only differ in case. I think I had a version at one time that would do the same for case-differing files as well. Yet another port silently write out both files under the same name, leaving only the latest file in the archive on the disk. None of these solutions is ideal. FWIW I have seen even large software projects like Perl and XFree86 adjust to accommodate various file system peculiarities. At one point in time Perl had a file named AUX. This is a reserved legacy device name from MS-DOS and cannot trivially exist on Windows. IIRC the Perl developers changed this to allow for a Cygwin port. I may be wrong but I think it was XFree86 that had both a "makefile" and a "Makefile" in its code base. (This may have also been Perl or some other large project. I don't recall exactly. Its been too long ago.) I am not suggesting that tla should be borked because of screwed up file systems, but I view it from a medical as well as a cultural-social perspective. Medically from the Hippocrates' perspective of "First, do no harm." And also, culturally in the form of providing a bridge from proprietary systems to free. Not to support proprietary systems for proprietary systems sake, but rather as a bridge to bring them over and grant them freedom, a Mayflower, so to speak. It's been my experience that once having experienced freedom, a person is loath to voluntarily return to oppression, whatever the form. Along these lines I ask a few questions. Is it possible, reasonable, desirable to have tla guard against creating archives with mixed up cases? Perhaps by validating that the user is using a case that matches that of the existing files and directories, essentially reading a directory listing and making sure that a stricmp==0 item is also strcmp==0, since open is itself case-insensitive. I realize this may have to be done for an entire directory, because on some systems requesting the directory information of a specific file may also be case-insensitive and may return the exact case that was originally queried. The problem I am trying to address is the one pointed out by Dustin in another email: > > -2004s/ViewARCH--devo--0.0.8--patch-21/%7Barch%7D > There are three categories people have called this project: > ViewARCH > ViewArch > viewarch or for that matter one that is seen in Tom's own 2003b archives: $ tla categories -A address@hidden|fgrep -i labnotes LabNotes <--- LabNotesSystem labnotes <--- Secondarily, is it possible to provide a way out of this morass once it exists? I don't know from Dustin's description if his archive has actually been corrupted or not. If it has I realize there may be nothing that can be done, but that takes me back to the "First, do no harm" statement. I would hope since tla tries to only write new files to an archive without ever replacing existing files that this might not be the case and correcting it might be doable. Thirdly, and I really don't know enough to even guess at an answer. Is it possible to consolidate mismatched categories, branches, etc. on (or from) case-insensitive systems? -- Ron Parker An idiot can ask questions and a wise man can answer, but only a fool rejects truth once he's heard it. | http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnu-arch-users/2004-03/msg00526.html | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | refinedweb | 968 | 69.92 |
Runnin he Bulls: .... r-- .- -- 'I T H'GH FORECAST: 88 Mostly sunny -i -O;V East winds 10 = \ , 65 to 15 mph J.. PAGE 4A OCTOBER 15, 2007 HOME GAME ADVANTAGE: S. Florida No. * i2'..\'I rates in AP, BCS polls/1B , um 4f 46 U0 Eat, sleep, live it Buy a hotel condominium for a guaranteed place to stay during Gator games, and let the hotel rent your room when you don't./Page 3A LEARN HOW TO HELP KIDS: Training sleepover RSVP of Citrus County plans a 27-hour "Level I Children's Disaster Services Training Workshop."/Page 2A CAUGHT ON VIDEOTAPE: Castro in public Cuban President Fidel Castro chats with Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez during a media broadcast Sunday. /Page 3A UPSET IN EATING CONTEST: New king A Chicago culinary arts student trounces two hot dog-eat- ing champs in eating chicken wings. /Page 7A OPINION: The mentally ill have little clout in the halls of Congress. PAGE . SHIP UPRIGHT AGAIN: Bucs best Titans Jeff Garcia marches the Bucs downfield in the final minutes of a Tampa Bay win./Page 1B FIERY NIGHTMARE: Pileup cause Investigators picked through wreckage hoping to pinpoint what triggered a fiery pileup./ Page 14A BLACKWATER OUT: Security hole Officials are negotiating Eaghd.dj' demand that Blackwater USA be expelled from the country./Page 14A CHASSAHOWITZKA BOUND: "Copyrighted Material -- Syndicated Content Available from Commercial News Providers" Pumpkin spices up season S* BRIAN LaPETER/Chronicle The line starts with Chelsea Moore, 16, Saturday as me ers of the Crystal River United Methodist Church youth group unload more than 1,000 pumpkins at Heritage Village in Crystal River. The mqney raised from pumpkin sales supports the group's sum- mer mission trips. Pumpkin patches pop up throughout county s;: oi WILES swiles@chronicleonline.com Chronicle Halloween is just around the corner and decorations are starting to pop up on every street Sheet ghosts, spooky card- board cutouts and stringy fake spider webbing are beginning to adorn hous- es throughout the county However, there is one delivery item that every true Halloween enthusiast pumpk can't go without this time of year: the pumpkin. we hav( From jack o' lanterns to munching on pumpkin many seeds, this holiday gives the sometimes slighted ones. pumpkin a chance to take center stage. And though local stores are from Camp starting to sell them, a p.m. Monday through Fridays, 10 a.m. tq 4 p.m. Saturdpys and 11 a.m. t 4 p.m. Sunday starting Wednesday and run- ning through Oct. 31. There will be pumpkins of all shapes and sizes to choose from. I "We do have plenty of pumpkins," said Lois Eatz with Camp E-Nini-Hassee. "We had Ve* had a a delivery of 450 pump- kins and we have many, of 450 many small ones." They will also have ins and Indiah corn and gourds., S an Proceeds from the patch e many, will be .used for youth activities at the girls' small camp For its thirdeyear, the First United Methddist Church in Inverness has Lois Eatz a pumpkin patch. Its E-Nini--fassee. opening hours are from noon "o dark Mondays visit to a pumpkin patch can make ror a through Fridays and 10 a.m. to dark fantastic family outing for a good cause. Saturday and Sundays from now Camp 'E-Nini-Hassee will open its patch to the public from 9:30 a.m. to 6 Please see /Page 5A GOURD LORE FAMOUS PUMPKIN PEOPLE, THINGS * The Headless Horseman's head., U The Great Pumpkin from Charlie Brown. SThe Smashing Pumpkins. X Cinderella's chariot. * Peter Peter, Pumpkin Eater. U Jack Skellington, the Pumpkin King from "The Nightmare Before Christmas." FUN PUMPKIN FACTS i Pumpkins are actually fruits. * The "Pumpkin Capital of the World" is Morton, III. * Pumpkins were once thought to be able to remove freckles and cure snakebites. * Pumpkins are 90 percent water. * At one time, pumpkins were used as an ingredient in the crust of pies, not as the filling. ,The biggest pumpkin ever grown weighed in at 1,140 pounds. Board to try its new meeting Officials with deal with land-use issues only MI KEWRIGHT wright @chronicleonline.com Chronicle Citrus County commissioners kick into experiment mode Tuesday. Alarmed with the length of recent commission meetings, the board decided to add a third meeting of the month dealing only with land-use issues. By state law, most zoning pub- lic hearings cannot start a WHAT: until after 5. Citrus p.m. Because County of that, county Commis- commission- sion ers found meeting their 1 p.m. on land- meetings use appli- heading well cations. into the night- 1 WHEN: 'time. 4:45 p.m. Tuesday's Tuesday. meeting be- WHERE: gins at 4:45 110 N. with a work- Apopka shop on a Ave., woman's re- Inverness. quest to re- zone 13 acres C ON THE on County WEB: Road 491 to citrus allow mobile countyfl. homes. A staff org report sup- ports the request because it fits in with the surrounding proper- ties. Also Tuesday is a 5:01 p.m. public hearing to amend the comprehensive plan and land development code for The Villages of Citrus Hills. According to a county report, The Villages plans to add 127 acres into the development's master plan. The property is on County Road 491 across from Allen Ridge Medical Center Construction plans for the site include a storage facility for boats and recreational vehicles, and a golf course maintenance building. Whoopers away Seventeen young whooping cranes Saturday began their ultralight-led migration from central Wisconsin/Page 3A Annie's Mailbox ........9B Com ics ............. 10B Crossword ............9B Editorial ............12A Entertainment ......... 8B Horoscope ........... 9B Lottery Payouts ........8B Movies ........... 10B Obituaries ............6A Weird Wire ............ 7A Two Sections 6 II84II578 02l I 6 8 45 78 200 2 5 Developer pitches plan to go 'green' Environmental group reserving opinion for now TERRY WTTr terrywitt@chronicle.com Chronicle A Tampa developer unveiled plans Thursday for what he, called an earth-friendly com- mercial office complex on a wetland-laden piece of proper- I ty near Crystal River, but his . audience, members of the Save 1 the Homosassa River Alliance, -~-ii reserved judgment on the N development. .. Steve Facione, project mar- di eager for Primerica, said the company has always built eco- logically friendly develop- " ments and he said the Crystal df River Commons, a commercial development that would be constructed on the controver- sial Realticorp property, would Special to the Chronicle be no different. This artist's conception shows Crystal River Commons, a development proposed for the Realticorp prop- erty south of the Crystal River Airport. Primerica, the development company, says it would be an earth- Please see /Page 8A friendly development with 399,000 square feet of retail space and 125,000 square feet of office space. met I / i ! ) - 4 V 1 1 1CTOBER 1. 200 / ---I CR 2A MONDAY, 0 Dedicated to his craft Learn about adoption options Special to the Chronicle TAVARES An Adoption Orientation will be at 6:30 p.m. Tuesday in Tavares at 1300 S. Duncan Drive, Building D. Case managers will be present to speak about our adoption services offered by Children's Home Society of Florida and the children currently looking for a family For more information about the Adoption Orientation, call (352) 742-6170. S-------- OU R WATER *ms *lnmIA, BRIAN LaPETER/Chronicle Jack Murphy works Saturday on a wood carving of a great blue heron at the Ffth Annual Nature Coast Fine Art and True Craft Show in Homosassa. The local artist, who carves only Fish and birds, passes time at festivals by keeping up with his projects; Training offered to aid in disasters Special to the Chronicle The public is invited to attend a 27-hour "Level I Children's Disaster Services Training Workshop" Friday and Saturday. The training begins 5 p.m. Friday, and ends at about 7:30 p.m. Saturday at the Citrus County Resource Center, 2804 W Marc Knighton Court, Lecanto, just off County Road 491. The registra- tion fee, which includes curriculum, meals and lodging, is $55. The workshop is being sponsored by RSVP of Citrus County, a program of the Nature Coast Volunteer Center and will be conducted by the Church of the Brethren Disaster Response Ministries. Applicants interested in supporting the needs of children after a disaster must be 18 years of age or older, in good physical and mental health, and work well under stress and adverse condi-, tions. Children's Disaster Services (CDS) is a national organization that trains volunteers throughout the United States to set up special dhild-care centers in disaster locations. While their parents are applying for assistance and putting their lives back together, teams of these volunteers provide crisis intervention for the young children who have experienced disaster. ' Potential childcare volunteers are trained to recognize and understand fears and other emo- * WHAT: "Level I Children's Disaster Services Training Workshop." WHEN: 5 p.m. Friday through to 7:30 p.m. Saturday. WHERE: Citrus County Resource Center, 2804 W. Marc Knighton Court, Lecanto. i COST: $55 includes curriculum, meals and lodging. CONTACT: Barbara Eyler, 527-5955 or barbara.eyler@bocc.citrus.fl.us. tions young children experience during and fol- lowing a traumatic event Since children don't always have the necessary verbal skills to express their feelings, volunteers are taught to provide play activities, which gives them an out- let to express these feelings, which might other- wise remain bottled up inside them for many years. "This is a very important training and we are excited to be offering it to the citizens of Citrus County," said Heidi Blanchette, RSVP project director/NCVC supervisor. For information, visit- terservices.org or to reserve a spot in the train- ing, call Barbara Eyler, local on-site coordinator at 527-5955 or e-mail to barbara.eyler@bocc.cit- rus.fl.us. The CDS office number is (800) 451- 4407 ext. 5 or CDS_gb@brethren.org. Turn lane construction to begin today Turn lane construction will begin today along Grover Cleveland Boulevard and Grand March Ave- nue in Homosassa. Art Walker Construction will construct a left- .tum lane heading west on Grover Cleveland and a right-turn lane fadingg east onto Grand March Avenue, home to the new Hom- osassa Library. In addition, Grover Cleveland Boulevard from U.S. 19 to.Grand March Avenue will be milled, resurfaced and restriped during the construction process. Crime watch to have monthly meeting Sugarmill Woods Crime Watch will have its monthly membership meeting at 3 p.m. today at the Sugarmill Woods Country Club, 1 Douglas St. Duane Dueker, presi- dent of the Sugarmill Woods Civic Association, will update members dn the latest issues facing resi- dents of Sugarmill Woods. In addi- tion, proposed Crime Watch by-law changes will be distributed to members for their review. All mem- bers are urged to attend. The meeting is open to the public. Advisory council to meet at school The Pleasant Grove Elementary School's Advisory Enhancement Council will meet at 7 p.m. today in the PGE Tech Lab. Parents and interested community members are welcome to attend. CFCC plans job seminar for seniors Pathways Life Services of Cent- ral Florida Community College in- vites held at the CFCC's Ewers Century Center, Room 101. Pathways Life Services Job Club will meet immediately following the seminar from 11 a.m. to noon to discuss job opportunities with spot- light employer Cingular Wireless. One Stop Workforce Connection also will have a representative at the meeting. Attendees can partici- pate in the seminar, job club or both. The events are open to area residents 50 and older. Pathways Life Services is a pro- gram for adults in or nearing retire- ment. For information, or to regis- ter, call (352) 291-4444. Deposits due for Bahamas cruise Crystal River Eagles 4272 Auxiliary plans a three-night/four- day cruise to the Bahamas out of Port Canaveral on Feb. 8, 2008. Deposit due today. A passport is required. Call Bernie Revers at 382-0001. Public welcome. From staff reports America's Propane Company ' . -... __. -_ ..-. .2,I S, - Citrus Water Conditioning "Oer 45 Yarsxperence S ervn irsCut o vr2 Years . Reason #43 to join Suncoast. I- An auto loan from Suncoast Schools Federal Credit Union is smart, for a lot of reasons. First, the great rate: as low as 5.9%APR* on new and pre-owned cars. But that's just start. There's a car buying service that provides pricing comparisons and dealer rebate information to make the process easy. WHO'S ELIGIBLE 'TO JOIN SUNCO.ST? You can also get extended warranties alnd Cl.ildr'n ~ nldllimg public ,chool in Ciiuu ount,. minlilo"r--s insurance through Suncoast, usually for a ol ,chonol and mans local blusine.e,. lo .puial.. -rie, and countiesand lot less than you would other places. All of people agej 55 add over. Imncdiate ramni l mrnembers cn oin iin 1. which makes choosing ',our loan as important as finding the right car. Do the smart thing and finance your next vehicle through Suncoast. For more information, visitjoinsuncoast.org or cal 800-999-5887. C-.. lii uiiLPn nis il.r r lii I,II.l rip ,.ll ,.. i.h l ,i ,ri ri'rll mTr-d Snllu.l P t'rnr.ll. ~ P.le tffr l-e Ir *'I CCA7. Cirdll u. Jlr-c,' lluol arid .\ .I .,,,.r.- ne, rm,,n h ,,i l ce I'ljld k.r-r u.Lj.-:l Io cin t ja i Rate i l.. d for current moadl year through past even model years. Suncoast Schools Federal Credit Union WHERE SMART PEOPLE KEEP THEIR MONEY. NCUA 721962 sa. Annual Treefarm Sale to Homeowners Variety of Trees & Sizes ; -",. -.' Oaks, Hollys, Maples, Magnolias, Bald Cypress & Others ... SHARP Tree Farm & Nursery 813-625-2488 12225 S Pleasont Grove Road (Hwy, 581) Floral City. Florila cor ONLY! Mon-Fri 7am-3pm PRcPANE SWITCH & SAVE! Super-low first 24 Hour fully st Guaranteed price Dependable, gu Flexible paymel We sell only TO 2511 Hwy. 44W Inverness, FL filt price affed emergency service EARLY BIRD SPECIA :e programs Mention this ad laranteed automatic delivery service & get $35 OFF nt optioJns your next deliveryI iP GRADE HD5 Propane (352) 726.2511 V emonly. ,. ith r approva and minimum annual urage. County O s1" 7 72 46- 1. -. - - - 1 - CmusU COUNTY (FL) CHRONICIEE I.rLCAI 1,,n r 1i : -2007 72 *~ 'J' I,. n__ -- I7 K 7K'] L (I 3A MONDAY OCTOBER 15, 2007 CITRUS COUNTY CHRONICLE p49 % Ial Cranes take to the sky df& so a o - a. . - - a -m a a' -a .0- -.04w 4 --w-aMP 40mb 40 Seventeen endangered whoopers follow ultralight to Chassahowitzka Special to the Chronicle Seventeen young whooping cranes Saturday began their ultralight-led migration from central Wisconsin's Necedah National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). This is the seventh group of birds to take part in a landmark project led by the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership (WCEP), an inter- national coalition of public and private groups that is reintro- ducing this highly imperiled species in eastern North America, part of its historic range. There are now 52 whoop- ing cranes in the wild in eastern North America thanks to WCEP's efforts. Four ultralight aircraft and the juvenile cranes took to the air for the first leg of the 1,250- mile journey to the birds' win- tering habitat at Chassahow- itzka National Wildlife Refuge in southern Citrus County E- Whooping cranes are escorted Saturday to the first s the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in Necedah, Wi and they deserve a break We are asking everyone to hope and pray for good weather this year and speed the birds to their new winter home." In addition to the 17 birds being led south by ultralights, biologists from the Interna- tional Crane Foundation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reared 10 whooping cranes at Necedah NWR. The birds will be released in the company of older cranes in hopes that the young whooping do-a4lb- - q %.lom o- a- aAb w 4low % aloe ond z 40,- 4 0mom 4 qw- 4w 4w a -a a qw *Now cranes learn the route, part of WCE Autumn Release' which supplements ful ultralight migrant WCEP asks anyo counters a whoopi the wild to please g respect and distance Do not approach b within 200 yards; tr in your vehicle; e approach in a vel 100 yards. Also, pl( concealed and do ON THE NET For more details about the program/.see this story online at Chronicleonline.com. >>-. loudly enough that the birds can hear you. Finally, do not tres- pass on private property in an Associated Press attempt to view whooping top outside cranes. Whooping cranes were on the migration verge of extinction in the 1940s. EP's "Direct Today, there are only about 350 program, of them in the wild. Aside from the success- the birds reintroduced by ions. WCEP, the only other migrating ne who en- population of whooping cranes ng crane in nests at the Wood Buffalo ive them the National Park in the Northwest e they need. Territories of Canada and win- irds on foot ters at the Aransas National y to remain Wildlife Refuge on the Texas and do not Gulf Coast. A non-migrating hicle within flock of about 50 birds lives ease remain year-round in the central not speak Florida Kissimmee region. o keys - -an --- *__ Copyri ghtedM material Syndicated Content - -- -a --:-Available from Commercial News Providers" o* *, db . vamp N. a a quo--- -No aw a- a -90.w 4 Ap cdb CA& RJM - - a - m me - 40=0041w mm 4 mouu fta VS ft w t 4w 0 w C Riaari (;dd fim rmd doe* ?6w in hr lob-o-& - Opp. a - sam < a -wm m * W a' o - - a * -'q I n ... fill - - - - o o o p Q o r * 6 r .....N.AY .... 0 ) For the RECORD Citrus County Sheriff's Office DUI arrest Leland G. Forney, 66, 955 N. Fox Tun Terrace, Inverness, at 4:45 p.m. Saturday on a charge of driving under the influence. A deputy pulled Fomey over for driving too slow and creating traffic. Fomey failed field sobriety tests. Foemey's blood alco- hol concentration was 0.017 percent and 0.015 percent. The legal limit is 0.080 percent, so Fomey's level was below the legal limit. Bond $500. Other arrests a Davina Welsch Thomas, 19, 6661 Arter St., Crystal River, at 9:18 a.m. Friday on a Citrus County war- rant charge for petit theft. Bond $500. Romana Rae Raven, 42, 100465 Riviera Point, Homosassa, at 9:30 a.m. Friday on a charge of driving with a suspended/revoked license. Bond $500. Thomas Hafeken, 22, 64 S. Jeffery St., Beverly Hills, at 2:57 p.m. Friday on a Citrus County warrant charge for violation of probation in reference to an original felony case of driving with a suspended/revoked lcense, habitual offender. No bond. * Josef Gregory Ridenour, 19, 5784 S. Pine Tree Point, Lecanto, at $:30 p.m. Friday on a charge of dealing in stolen property. Ridenour sold a stolen four-wheeler. Bond $3,000. Zachary Michael Carlson, 26, 7360 W. Homosassa Trail, 21, Homeless coalition slates meeting The Citrus Continuum of the Mid Florida Homeless Coalition will neet from 8:30 to 10 a.m. Thursday at the Lecanto Government Building, 3600 W. Sovereign Path, Room 280, Lecanto. J.J. Kenney of the Citrus County Veterans Service Office will share NATURE COAST EMS Sept. 30 to Oct. 6 Nature Coast EMS responded to 336 medical emergencies and 240 patients were transported to a hospital. Out of the 336 medical emergency calls, based on the caller's infor- mation, 186 required an emergency response (with lights and siren) to the scene. Average emergency response time was 6 minutes and 45 seconds. Critical calls a 5 Codes (cardiac arrests). a 2 Cardiac alerts. W 1 Stroke alert. a 3 Trauma alerts (major or potentially major trauma injuries). Types of calls 0 Care level provided for calls' a 33 BLS (basic life support) a 203 ALS (advanced life support). a 4 ALS2 (critical advanced life support). 0 Average calls per day: 48.0. a Average transports per day- 34 3. Homosassa, at 6 p.m. Friday on charges of possession of a con- trolled substance, possession of 20 grams or less of marijuana and pos- session of drug paraphernalia. When a deputy went to find Carlson in reference to a warrant for misde- meanor failure to appear, he had hydrocodone pills, rolling papers, a scale, straws and marijuana. No bond. Carlos Lopez, 38, 7170 E. Shady Woods Court, Floral City at 7:31 a.m. Friday on charges of pos- session of 20 grams or less of mari- juana and possession of drug para- phernalia. Lopez was pulled over for speeding. The deputy said he smelled marijuana. While searching Lopez and the car, the deputy found marijuana rolled up as cigarettes and more marijuana inside a pre- scription bottle. Bond $1,000. Darrick Allen Moore, 39, 8899 Midwater Court, Inverness, at 7:15 p.m. Saturday on a charge of driving with a suspended/revoked license. Bond $500. State Probation Arrest Michael Neil Samples, 19, 1015 N.E. 6th Ave., Crystal River, at 3:55 p.m. Friday on a Levy County News NOTES information about available servic- es for veterans. Those interested in assisting the homeless are encouraged to attend the meeting and help plan a project for the upcoming National Homeless and Hunger Week. For more information, call Barbara Wheeler at 860-2308 or e- mail her at mfhc@tampabay.rr.com. '200 Club' dinner set at Knights of Clumbus Knights of Columbus All Saints Council 6954, at 9020 Atlas Drive, Homosassa Springs, is having its "200 Club" dinner at the hall from 4 to 6 p.m. Wednesday. The dinner is open to the public at $7 per per- son at the door. The menu is roast warrant charge for violation of pro- bation in reference to an original felony case for escape. Officers found traces of drugs during a urine test. No bond. Crystal River Police Department DUI arrest Michelle A. Mileti, 43, 431 N.W. 14th Place, Crystal River, at 12:52 a.m. Sunday on a charge of driving under the influence. Mileti was pulled over for swerving in the road. The officer said she smelled of alcohol, her speech was slurred and her eyes were glassy. She failed field sobriety tests and later refused a blood alcohol content test. Bond $500. Other arrest Matthew.Joseph Maier, 28, 1153 S.E. Third St., Crystal River, at 3:06 p.m. Saturday on a Citrus County warrant charge for a worth- less check. Bond $150. Arthur Eugene Bolinger, 39, 5452 W. Cougar Lane, Dunnellon, at 1:39 a.m. Sunday on charges of possession of marijuana and resist- ing arrest without violence. Witness said that Bolinger approached him on the way into a bar about buying some marijuana. The officer said he saw a bag of marijuana sticking out of Bolinger's pants when he saw Bolinger. When the officer pointed out the baggie, Bolinger began to run. The officer and a patron were able to stop him and arrested him on the ground. Bond $1,000. pork, potatoes, mixed vegetables, garden salad, pie, coffee and tea. CRWC to review book Wednesday afternoon Come to a book review of "Murder and Walkula Springs" by author M. D. Abrams presented by the. Literary Group of Crystal River Woman's Club at 1 p.m. Wednes- day at the CRWC clubhouse on Citrus Avenue, Crystal River. ~I~ I I. a Submit photos to the Chronicle at 1624 N. Meadowcrest Blvd, Crystal River, FL 34429. CITRUS COUNTY WEATHER City H Daytona Bch. 84 Ft. Lauderdale 87 Fort Myers 89 Gainesville 86 Homestead 87 Jacksonville 83 Key West 89 Lakeland 89 Melbourne 85 FLORIDA TEMPERATURES F'cast ptcldy ptcldy ptcldy ptcldy ptcldy sunny tstrm ptcldy ptcldy City Miami Ocala Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee Tampa Vero Beach W. Palm Bch. -ie-r uS F'cast ptcldy ptcldy ptcldy sunny ptcldy sunny ptcldy ptcldy ptcldy MARINE OUTLOOK East winds from 10 to 15 knots. Seas 2 to 3 feet. Bay and inland waters will have a moderate chop. Partly cloudy and warm today. THREE DAY OUTLOOK "r" TODAY Exclusive daily forecast by: SHigh: 88 Low: 65 Mostly sunny to partly cloudy TUESDAY ' High: 90 Low: 66 Partly cloudy WEDNESDAY High: 90 Low: 67 Partly cloudy; 20% chance of a shower ALMANAC TEMPERATURE* Sunday Record Normal Mean temp. Departure from mean PRECIPITATION* Sunday Total for the month Total for the year Normal for the year 85/64 90/46 64/84 75 +1 0.00 in. 3.51 in. 40.10 in. 46.67 in. *As of 6 p.m.from Hernando County Airport UV INDEX: 8 0-2 minimal, 3-4 low, 5-6 moder- ate, 7-9 high, 10+ very high BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Sunday at 3 p.m. 29.98 in. DEW POINT Sunday at 3 p.m. 65 HUMIDITY Sunday at 3 p.m. 51% POLLEN COUNT** Grasses and weeds were mod- erate and trees were light. "Light only extreme allergic will show symp- toms, moderate most allergic will experience symptoms, heavy all allergic will experience symptoms. AIR QUALITY Sunday was good with pollutants mainly ozone. SOLUNAR TABLES DATE DAY 10/15 MONDAY 10/16 TUESDAY CT. 28 MINOR MAJOR (MORNING) 9:04 2:51 9:59 3:47 MINOR MAJOR (AFTERNOON) 9:29 3:16 10:25 4:12 CELESTIAL OUTLOOK SUNSET TONIGHT............................ 7:01 P.M. SUNRISE TOMORROW ......7:32 A.M. S MOONRISE TODAY......................... 11:32 A.M. I1OV.1 I 8 MOONSET TODAY............................9:39 P.M. BURN CONDITIONS Today's Fire Danger Rating is: LOW.vemess. Monday HighlLow 9:25 p/4:35 p 7:46 p/1:57 p 5:33 p/11:33 p 8:35 p/3:34 p High/Low 8:12 a/4:23 6:33 a/1:45 4:20 a/12:2 7:22 a/3:22 High/Low 7:40 a/3:52 a 6:01 a/1:14a 3:48 a/11:45 a 6:50 a/2:51 a Tuesday i High/Low Sa 10:15 p/5:16 p 5a 8:36 p/2:38 p 6 p 6:23 p/-- a 9:25 p/4:15 p Gulf water temperature 81 Taken at Egmont Key LAKE LEVELS Location Sat. Sun. Full Withlacoochee at Holder 28.54 n/a 35.52 Tsala Apopka-Hernando 35.12 35.09 39.25 Tsala Apopka-lnverness 35.31 35.30 40.60 Tsala Apopka-Floral City 38.06 38 -; 30s A lhorage Juneau 4j Honolulu ..-. A. S 67 74 / FORECAST FOR 3:00 P.M. MONDAY Sunday Monday H L Pcp. Fcst H L 57 41 69 43 74 41 74 53 69 43 91 65 70 40 62 39 82 54 .64 71 43 62 49 57 48 48 42 80 53 73 40 78 45 61 53 .14 75 46 62 41 82 45 70 43 55 32 87 67 44 38 .18 67 552.10 58 39 .04 77 58 81 50 68 41 61 43 85 62 .01 74 56 83 48 79 59 80 52 66 56 79 57 84 57 56 47 .49 50 46 .01 84 51 85 49 82 50 ptcldy 61 38 sunny 71 46 sunny 77 47 sunny 80 57 sunny 68 55 tstrm 84 68 sunny 74 49 sunny 69 37 sunny 84 63 ptcldy 69 45 sunny 60 46 ptcldy 65 47 ptcldy 52 38 sunny 80 62 sunny 80 52 sunny 80 51 ptcldy 74 60 sunny 81 60 ptcldy 71 51 sunny 82 55 ptcldy 77 57 ptcldy 58 35 tstrm 77 64 ptcldy 56 35 tstrm 65 51 ptcldy 72 55 sunny 77 54 ptcldy 83 61 sunny 69 49 sunny 63 43 tstrm 85 71 ptcldy 79 58 ptcldy 84 65 sunny 82 60 tstrm 78 62 ptcldy 67 58 sunny 83 62 ptcldy 84 67 ptcldy 69 56 shwrs 54 46 sunny 84 64 sunny 87 61 sunny 85 62 Sunday Monday City H L Pcp. Fcst H. L New Orleans 82 57 ptcldy 85 69 New York City 66 49 sunny 66 52 Norfolk 70 50 sunny 76 53 Oklahoma City 79 63 cldy 70 51 Omaha 60 57 .96 tstrm 63 49 Palm Springs 92 57 sunny 88 62 Philadelphia 67 46 sunny 68 51 Phoenix 86 63 sunny 89 64 Pittsburgh 64 39 ptcldy 71 52 Portland, ME 56 39 ptcldy 56 39 Portland, Ore 67 46 shwrs 58 47 Providence, R.I. 63 43 sunny 62 45 Raleigh 78 46 sunny 79 53 Rapid City 49 43 .04 ptcldy 56 37 Reno 73 38 ptcldy 68 43 Rochester, NY 55 45 .05 ptcldy 62 44 Sacramento 72 49 ptcldy 67 50 St. Louis 80 54 tstrm 77 58 St. Ste. Marie 57 40 cldy 53 41 Salt Lake City 63 47 sunny, 69 49 San Antonio 91 69 tstrm 84 71 San Diego 68 60 ptcldy 68 62 San Francisco 60 51 shwrs 65 54 Savannah 78 54 sunny 82 62 Seattle 65 44 shwrs 58 47 Spokane 63 39 ptcldy 64 42 Syracuse 56 47 .01 ptcldy 60 41 Topeka 79 59 cldy 66 50 Washington 72 49 sunny 74 53 YESTERDAY'S NATIONAL HIGH & LOW HIGH 98 Laredo, Texas LOW 18 Angel Fire, N.M. WORLD CITIES MONDAY CITY H/L/SKY Acapulco 87/76/ts Amsterdam 64/51/s Athens 75/50/pc Beijing 67/47/s Berlin 59/46/s Bermuda 80/71/ts Cairo 85/62/pc Calgary 67/44/s Havana 88/76/ts Hong Kong 86/76/pc Jerusalem 82/64/pc Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Montreal Moscow Paris Rio Rome Sydney Tokyo Toronto Warsaw 75/55/pc 70/52/s 74/55/pc 76/54/ts 54/34/pc 48/39/sh 65/48/s 84/71/sh 75/55/s 67/48/pc 69/51/sh 61/41/pc 52/38/s C U 1rN T 'i CH Call with questions: 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through 6:30 to 11 a.m. Saturday and Su I want to send information to the Chronicle: MAIL IT TO US The Chronicle, P.O. Box 1899, Inveress, FL3 FAX IT TO US Advertising 563-5665, Newsroom 563-321 E-MAIL IT TO US Advertising: advertising@chronicleonline.coO Newsroom: newsdesk@chronicleonline.com Where to find us: - I Meadov 44. office r'orvi 1624 N orvell BryantIHwV Meadow ;Dunkenfield Blvd., C i iDunke ld < -Cannondale Dr. River, F Ave N A', \ \ Meadowcrest N -- Blvd. I t I Inveme S Courthouse office D 106 W -- | St., Inv S41 44-FL 344 Who's in charge: Gerry Mulligan ...................................... Publisher, 563 Trina Murphy ............................. Operations Manager, 563 Charlie Brennan ................ ....... ..... .. ..... Editor, 563 John Provost ................... Advertising/Marketing Director, 56: Tom Feeney .............................. Production Director, 56; Kathie Stewart ............................ Circulation Director, 563 John Murphy ................................. Online Manager, 563 Neale Brennan ...... Promotions/Community Affairs Manager, 563 Jennifer Wall .............................. Classified Manager, 564 Jeff Gordon ........................ Business Manager, 56' Deborah Kamlot ................. Human Resources Director, 56' Report a news tip: Opinion page questions ...................... Charlie Brennan, 56; To have a photo taken ....................... Linda Johnson, 563 News and feature stories ......................... Mike Arnold, 564 Community/wire service content ................. Cheryl Jacob, 563 Sports event coverage ............................ John Coscia, SECOND CLASS PERMIT #114280 E nity 2-2340 chronicle 05.00* 3 weeks by lay Friday nday Marion om 34451 30 m crest i. crest Crystal L 34429 ess /. Main verness, 450 3-3222 3-3232 3-3225 3-3240 3-3275 3-5655 3-3255 3-6363 4-2917 4-2908 4-2910 1-3225 3-5660 4-2930 3-5660 1-3261 3-0579 print. e.com C Ut'l KEY TO CONDITIONS: c=cloudy; dr=drizzle; f=fair; h=hazy; pc=partly cloudy; r=rain; rs=rain/snow mix; s=sunny; sh=showers; sn=snow; ts=thunderstorms; w=windy. @2007 Weather Central, Madison, Wi. coon me I .CD I Loft"O .1dw .- f- - 11 " -, IC E - CLO dmaIbmm m a) r) m- Q ~ ~ -1 R EH 15 2007 4A MONDAhY, OcrTOB CITRUS COUmTY (FL) CHRONICLE 4p CITRUSJ U3 UJY I In'( ) G O LfltNIC 0 MONDAY. OCTOBER 15, 2007 SA 4m - -- o w - ,4,Wh. ba$ SA-m- Ca- h"Copyrighted Material?_ a- Syndicated Content" - - Available from Commercial News Providers" - 0- - - S PUMPKIN Continued from Page 1A through Oct 31. The patch offers pumpkins of all -sizes priced accordingly. There also will be free ,mini pumpkins, story time and a hayride for any :group of children that comes out to the patch. S"We will also have a store that will sell baked goodss" said Dave Stoltz, the youth pastor at the church. The store will be open for the last two weekends in October. Proceeds from the sales will go toward help- ing the Vertical Student Ministry. The Crystal River United Methodist Youth Fellowship in Crystal River has a pumpkin patch from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Friday and noon to 6 p.m. Sunday until Oct 31, with the exception of having special hours from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Saturday, to coincide with the annual Scarecrow Festival. They will be at the Heritage Village on Citrus Avenue. Sales benefit the youth group's mission trips. So get out a carving knife, buy some candles and set up a frightening jack o' lantern to greet MODERN REPLACEMENT WINDOWS Elegant Style Reduce Noise Raise Value Energy Efficient Aluminum, Inc. Hwy. 44, Crystal River 795-9722 1-888-474-2269 * WHAT: Pumpkin patches. * WHERE: Camp E-Nini-Hassee, 7027 E. Stagecoach Trail, Floral City; The First United Methodist Church, 3896 S. Pleasant Grove Road. Inverness; 0 CRUMC, the Heritage Village on downtown Citrus Avenue. WHEN: FUMC: Noon to dark Monday through Friday and 10 a.m. to dark Saturday and Sunday from now until Oct. 31. 0 Camp E-NiniHassee: From 9:30 to 6 p.m Monday through Friday, Wednesday through Oct 31, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday and 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday. CRUMC: 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday to Friday, noon to 6 p.m. Sunday, now through Oct 31 and special hours from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. on Saturday, Oct. 20. CONTACT: 0 FUMC: Dave Stoltz, 726-2522. Camp E-Nini-Hassee: 726-3883. CRUMC: 563-1330 or 795-3148. the hordes of trick-or-treaters who will be ring- ing doorbells this year. And don't forget to save the insides to make a pumpkin pie just in time for the next big holiday: Thanksgiving. PROFESSIONAL T INSTALLATION V Visibly Better- Ypa r q a wn IPadlJL~r3rIEIBlU ComnlfliL3JL&N4imiIIIIuiI3JWAvie Transform your v- II Entryway from boring in about an hour! Visit our showroom for more monthly specialsI SFull Custom Program Door Accessories: Locks, sweeps, add-on blinds, phantom screens 1 ENTRYPOINT" I il .YOUR DOOr OUR GLASS $ Perry's Custom Gass & Doors 2E"i n352-726-6125 [-6 .. www EntryPointGlass.com 2008 Humana Medicare benefits are here! Join us to find out what's new and what has changed for 2008: CRYSTAL RIVER HOMOSASSA SPRINGS INVERNESS China First Remember When ...Restaurant Golden Corral 618 SE Highway 19 Homosassa Springs State Park 2605 East Gulf to Lake Highway October 16th October 23rd 2:00 pm October 30th 2:00 pm 2:00 pm November 8th 2:00 pm November 13th 2:00 pm Call today for reservations or for accommodation of persons with special needs: 1-800-552-0771 TTY: 1-877-833-4486 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. seven days a week Bring a friend! HUMANA. .Guidance when you need it most -Group health -Medicare -Individual health -Dental and Life -. Proud Sponsor of the W GRANDOLEOPRY. Meiar ppoedH OPOES and S5 S *SS pasavialet5nyn nrle i oh atA adPr o eiaethog g r*iaiiy M006 H 197A TSOS1/0 I I.ual~m(livsi~hi~l1IJnlernrarx~iir IIrnt (tl7ns 'fFm .) ,m ,,mri a 0 - 0 It ni' - t Nupmoed law *vL*-%wtlunt&4tm GA MONDAY, OCTrOBER 15, 2007 Frederick Apfel, 89 CRYSTAL RIVER Frederick William Apfel, 89, Crystal River, died Saturday, Oct 13, 2007, at the Cypress Cove Care Center in Crystal River He was born July 8, 1918, in Rotterdam, Holland, to Freiderick and Gertrude Apfel. Frederick He came to Apfel Crystal River 26 years ago from Hialeah where he retired from the City of Hialeah as a truck driver He was member and usher of the Gulf to Lake Church in Crystal River He enjoyed Baptist and a swimming and bicycling. He was a U.S. Army veteran from World War II. He is survived by his wife of 63 years, Gloria Apfel of Crystal River; four sons, Frederick Apfel Jr and wife Naomi of Port St Lucie, Richard Apfel and wife Marilyn of Minneapolis, Minn., Alan Apfel and wife Beverly of Hialeah, and Alfred Apfel and wife Recee of Oklahoma City, Okla.; brother, Tony Apfel of Rotterdam, Holland; nine grand- children; and seven great-grand- children. Strickland Funeral Home, Crystal River Martha Cook, 60 FLORAL CITY Martha Faye Cook, 60, Floral City, died Thursday, Oct 11, 2007, at her residence. Born Aug. 12, 1947, in Detroit, Mich., she moved to St Petersburg in 1968 from Michigan and them to Citrus County in 1971. She was a caregiver in the home health industry and worked for Interim Health Care for 15 years. She enjoyed taking care of her pet dogs. She was preceded in death by her father, George W Carter Jr, her brother, George E. Carter, and her sister, Candace Estes. Survivors include her son, Jack Cook and wife Brenda of Brooksville; mother, Golda M. Carter of Floral City; sister, Clara E. Curry and husband Paul of Inverness; and grandson, Joshua Cook Chas E. Davis Funeral Home with Crematory, Inverness. Mildred Crafa, 92 BEVERLY HILLS Mildred V Crafa, 92, Beverly Hills, died Friday, Oct 12,2007, at her home. A native of Queens, N.Y, she came here in 1976 from Long Island, N.Y She was a retired waitress. She was a parishioner of Our Lady of Grace Catholic Church and was one of the original resi- dents of Beverly Hills in its early days. She was preceded in death by her husband, Sylvester Crafa, who died June 1999. She is survived by her son, Jack Crafa of Cranston, R.I.; daughter, Mary Ann Crafa of Beverly Hills; grandchildren, John, Phillip, Michelle, Audrey, Melanie and Alicia; 14 great- grandchildren; and one great- great-grandson. Fero Funeral Home, Beverly Hills. Norma Hudson, 86 DUNNELLON Norma Nash Hudson, 86, Dunnellon, died Friday, Oct 12, 2007, in Lecanto. She was born Sept 3, 1921, in St Petersburg to Lawrence and Rebecca Lorena Leonardi Nash. She came here from Gulfport in 1979. She was a homemaker. She was a continuous 55-year- member and held every office in the American Legion originally at the Gulf Port No. 125 and then Crystal River Post No. 155. She was also preceded in death by her husband, James Hudson Sr, who died in 1993, her parents, nine brothers and sister, and great-granddaughter, Courtney Bonsett Survivors include her son, James Hudson, Jr and wife Betty of St Petersburg; daughter, Martha Morrow of Dunnellon; grandsons, Jason, Kenny and Billy; granddaughters, Monica and Brenda; five great-grand- children; one great-great-grand- child; and many nieces and nephews. Those who wish may make memorial donations in Mrs. Hudson's memory to Hospice of Citrus County, PO. Box 641270, Beverly Hills, FL 34464. Hooper Funeral Homes, Inverness. Helen LaTour, 89 INVERNESS Helen Columbia LaTour, 89, Inverness, died Wednesday, Oct 10, 2007, at Oak Hammock at the University of Florida in Gainesville under the care of their staff and Haven Hospice of North Florida. Mrs. LaTour was born Oct 20, 1917, in Brooklyn, N.Y, to James and Regina (Drew) Coady. She moved here in 1976 from Staten Island, N.Y She retired from the Staten Island Post Office as a secretary with 13 years of service. She was a member of the Highlands Emergency Shelter, Civic Association and Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Church of Inverness. She was preceded in death by her husband, William H. LaTour, who died Oct 28, 2002; son, Stephen E LaTour, who died in 1989; and two brothers, Gerard and James Coady She is survived by four sons, William J. LaTour and wife Maryellen of Staten Island, N.Y, FORGET TO PUBUCIZE? * Submit photos of successful community events to be pub lished in the Chronicle. Call 563 5660 for details. 726-8822 i1-800-832-8823 heritage Propane 00-832-8823 Serving America With Pride I 99 INSTALLATION SPECIAL l *Price subject to change without notice. 7 201b. Cylinder Filled $10.0) IISTALTO INCLDES COTet qupmnt- 4 ou Eereny eric Yr FE Tn Rn.FllCmmrial&Rsdnta.evc 4275 W. Gulf to Lake Hwy. (Hwy. 44), Lecanto, FL Serving All Of Citrus County - ALTMAN'S FAMILY PEST CONTROL Mowing 6Insect Spray Edging 3 Granular Fertilizer Ed 3 Liquid Fertilizer Trimming 3Weed Control Plugging (1) Granular Pre-Emergent Mulching Application (2) Liquid Applications INSPECTION FREE ESTIMATE FREE INSPECTION FREE ESTIMATE* PAINTS Johnson's Paints Gerard LaTour and wife Phyllis of Staten Island, N.Y, Robert LaTour of Staten Island, N.Y, and James LaTour and wife Maureen of Gainesville; daugh- ter, Joanne McBrearty and hus- band Thomas of Tallahassee; brother, Raymond Coady of Lecanto; three sisters, Marguerite Carroll of Brooklyn, N.Y, Regina Graham of Westmont, Conn., and Loretta Harris of Staten Island, N.Y; 17 grandchildren; and 14 great-gran- children. Chas E. Davis Funeral Home with Crematory, Inverness. Kenneth Lawton, 81 BEVERLY HILLS Kenneth Lawton, 81, Beverly Hills, died Oct. 12, 2007, in Beverly Hills. He was born March 9, 1926, in Newark Valley, N.Y, to Clarence and Ruth Stowell Lawton. He came here from Fairhaven, Mass., in 1989. He retired as an employment office manager for the division of employment security for the State of Massachusetts. He was a U.S. Army veteran and served during World War II. He was a member of the Disabled American Veterans Chapter No. 7 in New Bedford, Mass. He was preceded in death by his wife, Vivian J. Lawton; par- ents; a brother, John Lawton; and sister, Anna Marie Bates. Survivors include sons, Keith R. Lawton and Stephen K Lawton, both of Beverly Hills; and granddaughter, Samantha Lawton of Beverly Hills. Hooper Funeral Home & Crematory, Beverly Hills chapel. Lillian Uss, 89 CRYSTAL RIVER Lillian Uss, 89, Crystal River, formerly of Inverness, died Saturday, Oct 13, 2007, at the Crystal River Health and Rehab Center A native of Brooklyn, N.Y, she was born March 16, 1918, to Michael and Jennie Krugly. She moved to this area from New Port Richey. She was a bookkeeper in the clothing manufacturing business up North. She attended St Raphael of Brooklyn Orthodox Church of Inverness. She is survived by her sister, Sophie Schwetz of Maspeth, N.Y Chas. E. Davis Funeral Home with Crematory, Inverness. Funeral NOTICES Frederick William Apfel. A visitation for Frederick William Apfel, 89, Crystal River, will be from 2 to 4 p.m. and 6 to 8 p.m. today from the Strickland Funeral Home Chapel in Crystal River. Private cremation arrangements will follow under the direction of the Strickland Cfu E. Sai4 Funeral Home With Crematory, Burial Shipping Cremation Member of tiierii maliwui Order of ite G DEN For Information and costs, call 726-8323 Funeral Home, Crystal River Mildred V. Crafa The Mass of Christian burial for Mildred V Crafa, 92, Beverly Hills, will be at 10 a.m. Tuesday, Oct 16, at Our Lady of Grace Catholic Church, Beverly Hills, with Fr George Bonilla as celebrant Interment will follow at Fero Memorial Gardens. Friends will be received from 2:30 to 4:30 p.m. and from 6 to 8 p.m. today at Fero Funeral Home, Beverly Hills. Helen Columbia LaTour. The family will receive friends in vis- itation from 3 to 5 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 17, where a wake vigil service will be offered at 4. The Mass of Christian burial will be offered at 9 a.m. Thursday, Oct 18, from Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Church of Inverness with Fr. James Johnson as celebrant Burial will follow at the Oak Ridge Cemetery, Inverness. Lillian Uss. Friends may call at the Chas. E. Davis Funeral Home from 2 to 4 p.m. Tuesday, Oct 16. Fr David Balmer will conduct Panikhida Services at 3 p.m. Additional services and burial will follow in St. Vladimir's Russian Orthodox Christian Cemetery, Jackson, N.J. Death ELSEWHERE Vernon Bellecourt, 75 AIM LEADER MINNEAPOLIS Vernon Bellecourt, a longtime leader of the American Indian Movement who fought against the use of American Indian nicknames for sports teams, died Saturday, his brother said. He was 75. Bellecourt died at Abbott Northwestern Hospital of com- plications of pneumonia, accord- ing to Clyde Bellecourt, a found- ing member of the militant American Indian rights group. Vernon Bellecourt whose Objibwe name WaBun-Inini means Man of Dawn was a member of Minnesota's White Earth band and was an interna- tional spokesman for the AIM Grand Governing Council. standoff with federal agents, serving mostly as a spokesman and fundraiser In recentyears, Bellecourt had been active in the fight against American Indian nicknames for sports teams as president of the National Coalition on Racism in Sports and Media. From wire reports i .. .. Gloria Flo 'd Harris Feb. 3. 1934 Ocl. 15. 2006 Sistrev, OLrandnioLteier, tlldInt andfCouisin. (Goie bu ?L'Lt f~?rt'uI~ttII. qvLIlw It ove'vidnldI iss I/'Ut. 729647 0 -11LC IiIL'': ( 4 Obituaries LM. a) ~Cu a L) CL. U %M A la G0.Z O O mE 4m *Q '(5 I Better Hearing Is Our Business I A Hearing Loss I SIs A Lot More Noticeable yn Clark Than A Hearing Aid. Board Certified Licensed HearingAid Specialiast 60. -S '6 I Advanced Family Hearing Aid Center "A Unique Approach To Hearing Services" S6441 West Norvell Bryant Hwy Cryal River 795-1 775 ---- ---- I Paid Advertisement BUYING A NEW HEAT PUMP? By: Gary L. Headley, Registered Engineer, Mechanical Contractor that a very desirable feature. When we replace your system with a new 16-SEER Lennox heat pump, we guarantee you'll save 30% on your heating and cooling- bills in the first year or we will. give you a check for the difference If you feel a new high-efficiency, heat pump may be beneficial to. you, please call our office to arrange an appointment with one. of our technicians. Our technician, will review your present.system and provide you with the information you need. I am personally available for questions. The coupon below will help add extra value. Offer expires November 9, 2008 10%, S COUPON- . NS I~'. U. .1I S Full Line Of Porter Paint Products * Computerized Color Matching Family Owned And Operated For 17 Years Easy To Get To/With Great Parking Service With A Smile "Like It Used To Be" We a7Se Pride I Oec W7 0r anad Ocu eOe*r Come visit us at 1031 E. Norvell Bryant Hwy. in the Alescis Plaza. Open Mon.- Fri. 7:00 4:00 Sat. 8:00 12:00 726-6230 wt( pxd n(fin ru a) V 05 Cu 0 -M IR. - - - - - - OITRus COUNTY(FL) CHRONICE nverness Car Wash Detailing & Polishing --- i I_ 31 , I f-1n7I TCrus r (P cL n L.rU EM D O B 5 0 wa-I a=l b mlw b - -4momou db-qu mm 4 -m- --- 7 -"-l S"Copyrighted Material -- Syndicated Content - - - - 0 - commercial News Providers"" - S - - - - mNNMe-m 0 a - S - * 0ib -c - - 0 - - 0 - ~ ~ ~ -' r -0. - m - -4 N -w -0 - .5 '0 =1M. .now Aft0 -MOP WA. N--- 400 * - w 0 ~ .5 a a.- - -d- FORMS AVAILABLE * The Chronicle has forms available for weddings, engagements, anniver- saries, births and first birthdays. '0 .~* - * S -- ac - S womer snorr ,'-snirts that expose d.* -tir was 'eJut i s aea as IL vab usL I lib ioea 0.1 cl lasrwlll iKt LOt me ignL Ult a in plans. one -a a jones sali the lotus oea was 0 *- - a IergnouI dutacKKee I el ialaaDi1e NOW OPEN :ilpafrick & JUilzprick, Richard Shawvn Fitzpatrick Attorney\ At La\\' \' -\ 213 North Apopka A\enue In\ ernes. Floi ida 34450 \ \ 352-726-1821 j \.,,, j-!^ /' I In .* , III,'* ,iL'r H alrlh Ci ,li" l t r l arl,/ LI, Itlt I ll i Cr, iI th,, i .i.i ,,'hj (_'. h.n t. .*. Bh', n. C. mC.*r.r. i', ,',/ iP ,i : -',.t L.- . ........ - - --~ -- -- BI'-'- r.t ,i -'':-- S2, WEEKS LE'fTl S70% t to 8 .O% Q Selected Items S60% Of All Floral and Trees 50% OFF All Other Stock S40% O F All Clocks Interior Accents, Inc. Crystal Springs Plaza, Hwy. 44 (next to Publix) i Crystal River (352) 563-2711 ,.- M *. ` v LXtSt ` `' tra ` 1i'1?,`,`*" rL9-( .. ,W i '-- .- *' ..PaJl,/s FAM-^"' S. y isaUmyi dia direst walanai ii, ace 40 Citrus County Courier' Airport Transportation 726-3931 2"""n Ir FREE ESTIMATES! CALL TODAY I UALITY ISale on2" BILIN DS ... I AN SHU, .cn .726-4457I Hoursi mi.a in tment:I C.. 72823r 77i -7,. 1f . M, Ceramic Tile $3 59 Installed only Sq. Ft. 12"x12", 5 Colors All Wood & Laminate Flooring 15% OFF Professionally Installed by Owner 564-2772 302-6123 Women's Center Dear Patients:r Steven - Following the retirement of Dr.ne wit Roth from the practice of mediCpmber . Genesis Women's Center in September 200Gen, we arepleased to advise you that our practice has been reorganized. Doctors Rojas, Antiny, and Rodriguez as well as Regina Epple, ARP and Becky Wilkes, ARNP along with the rest of our staff continue to serve our patients as in the past. s We wish Dr. Roth the best in his new endeavors. We look forward to providing : you and all our patients with the same fine care and attention you have become accustomed to over the past many years. We continue to accept new patients andlso, participate in most insurance plans Also, please don't forget we have 3D Ultrasound. If you have any questions, r needspecial assistance on any matter, please call Stacey Barnes, Practice Administrator at 352-726-7667. Thank You, Genesis Women's Center Armando L. Rojas, M.D. Thomas t. AntonY, M.D. Carlos A. Rodriguez, M.D. Regina Epple, ARNP Becky Wilkes, ARNP C Couivn FL) C RONCE .Available MONDAY, OcroOBER 15, 2007 7A WEIRD WIRE 4 - ..Nw o d 0 N Call Linda Johnson at 563- 5660 lor copies. Q qw ,, 1 , 1 rqri i qtllq~hlrl~ i 1lQi I ./ CITRUS COUNTY (FL) CHRONICLE SA MONDAY, OCTOBER 15 Tcmn r'G\ GREEN Continued from Page 1A L. II *m) Cm .5 cl0 'O) E U -e,4- O c0 t.1 ~. ..~e U Facione said the standards for environmental protection at the 105-acre site would be set to a new height, due in large part to demands by the Southwest Florida Water Management District for rigor- ous protection of the wetlands and the aquifer. "We can work things out, but Swiftmud has held us to incred- ible criteria," Facione said. Realticorp attempted to develop the same piece of property, but could never sell its plan for a commercial and residential development to groups like the Alliance, which wanted zero loss of wetlands at the site. Preserving all the wet- lands means losing land that could be used for development. The Alliance in the past has not supported the concept of destroying wetlands on the property in exchange for pur- chasing conservation land at other locations, a process called mitigation. Alliance President Priscilla Watkins said the organization wasn't ready to take a position on Facione's project. She said its members will research any documents the company pro- vides and make a decision. Facione also met with offi- cials from St. Benedict Catholic Church, which stands at the south end of the Realticorp property. He said the company wanted to under- stand the concerns of the church to avoid problems. He said church officials said they didn't want to be flooded. When Realticorp attempted to develop the property, it con- sidered buying the church from the St. Petersburg Diocese, but church members were opposed. Facione said Primerica's conceptual plan is to build 399,000 square feet of retail space and 125,000 square feet of office space in Crystal River Commons. He said the retail space would include two large box stores of the "Target or Home Depot" variety, each about 130,000 to 140,000 square feet in size. He said the company has devoted all of its energy to developing a site plan that pre- serves as much of the 44 acres of wetlands on the site as possi- ble. The site has 10 wetlands, most of them small, isolated wetlands. Primerica has an option to purchase the proper- ty from Realticorp. The site development work would destroy 12.18 acres of wetlands on site, about two acres less than what Realticorp had planned to destroy, and would compensate for the loss through the purchase of con- servation land north of Crystal River adjoining the Crystal River Buffer Preserve State Park Realticorp made a simi- lar offer to mitigate by pur- chasing land near the buffer preserve. Jim Bitter, a member of the Alliance, said the wetlands on the site are part of the ecology that supports the Kings Bay system and he said developing the property would only speed a process that has left the once- You're talking about the lungs of our entire aquatic system. Jim Bitter Homosassa River Alliance member. clear waters of the spring-fed bay cloudy. "You're talking about the lungs of our entire aquatic sys- tem," Bitter said. "This is where the breeding starts for inshore and offshore." Mike Czwerwinski, a licensed professional geologist and professional wetland sci- entist hired by Primerica to document the -wildlife and environmental features of the property, said the company, in his estimation, is the most envi- ronmentally conscious compa- ny he has worked with. He said he worked with companies that didn't care anything about the site and wanted to get rid of the wetlands. "This is a totally different group. The impacts to the wet- lands are different," he said. Czerwinski said Primerica plans to preserve all but two acres of the highest quality wetlands. Those wetlands, which are regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, are con- S.,. r- 4C Results you expect... l Service you can trus' Professional Hearing Centers 726-4327 "Helping People Hear... With Quality Care" ... 211 S. Apopka Avenue t, 1 Ii II ~ Kevin Coward and Merry Williams romantic Gershwin Melodies ~ Tom Bova's Choir honoring Country and troops. Exhibits of Spain's Lladro collections and Russia's master crafts Faberge style eggs, Kazantseva. Show to benefit the Citrus County's United Way, Hospice and scholarships For more information and tickets call 382-1929 Ci IR.!NIC !] nected by a culvert under U.S. 19 to wetlands that were once part of the Home Depot site across the street and wetland areas behind Home Depot, according to Czerwinski. He said 44 gopher tortoise burrows were found on the site. The tortoises would be relocated off-site. He said signs of Sherman's Fox Squirrel were found, although no squir- rels were seen, and the Florida Coontie and Royal Cinnamon Fern were found. Those are commercially exploited .plants but not endangered or threat- ened. Czerwinski showed a 1944 aerial view of the Realticorp property and surrounding lands before the current U.S. 19 four-lane highway was in place. The photo shows no development whatsoever. The Realticorp property had scat- tered wetlands. Steven Stuebs, an engineer for AVID, said the Southwest Florida Water Management District has set the highest standards for stormwater man- agement and aquifer protec- r BRUSHLESS r CAR WASH Full Service Car Wash & Self Service ~ Bays Available e Detailing Available! r tion at the site that he has ever seen for a commercial develop- ment, and he has done more than a thousand developments. He said the district has for- bidden the developer from dig- ging drainage retention ponds deep enough to penetrate the aquifer. He said the district wants as least a foot of dirt sep- arating the water table and the bottom of the ponds. Engineers for the company also revealed another feature about the site. There is no con- fining layer of clay that sepa- rates the aquifer from surface soils, which means liquids drain directly into the aquifer. However, Stuebs said the stormwater management sys- tem has been designed to filter all the water before it leaves the site or reaches the aquifer. He said the district has also forbidden the company to use wetlands for discharge of pol- luted stormwater. The stormwater system is also designed to contain the water from a 100-year storm on site. Alliance members are reserving judgment for now. ,r r r r r - - c...- -- -r- CJ 1 TUESDAY ONLY I - LADIES' DAY I 15OFF: S :jl, '3,1d '.ai n, Olhier Couproni , I WEDNESDAYONLY I I GENTLEMEN'S DAY I 1 5%" OFF, i fjo ,,l l' 'r,,, a io tom r Co:upons C, Expires 10/31/07 I ..1 ,.- -... 750 S US Hwy. 19 Crystl River 795-WASH1 Hernando Heritage Days 'NE Southern Heritage Festival Cattle Drive October 20 10 a.m. At the intersection of Hwy 41 & 486 Historic Hernando School Take part in an old fashion cracker style cattle drive. Experience the love of the land and its people! Cracker Cafe' Bar-b-que/Brunswick Stew ~ Swamp cabbage/ Okra Fried Green Tomatoes Biscuits/cracklin' cornbread ~ Sweet Potato Pie/Bannana pudding Old time Southern cooking Country Exhibits Antiques Crafts ~ Games Music ~ Singing Folklore FUN FOR ALL AGES For more information call 726-8080 ", 1 '5. C"' -" 1 . ...: -. t ..: . 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Irs Sexlrerrel, hroi rie ..jri s.-.ltchI s 10 fte larger corrpressor o jro- CELCBR STING Ol'R .Ide e.er. grle'r comnic.r *, 34TH A,\I\ERS IRI @ Expect mnorv- from rlOu- r ir.dep,F-ndjFnI Trirne I? deJler CURRIER COOLING & HEATING INC. i ....- S0" "'."A.. '..,,','' (352)628-4645 (352) 628-7473 I 7 . W.. ,dFlI......F...200 ,,1',.I ..I -y N.* ddIl,1 dl, .1 d I- d A.9-b30.2- 01-31.2007 .p.- 1 1111 "*111 "~P 1111,2OOI. -1p. 1 -.- 'I MA P-,h f.dy*t F, ,Ch-,O. .1-- ~tt1.O1. 1 .1 . -.O1.S- -P- fl ...-.1.d aI ll. p l,-t, p~lubJ~t 0u *IfOl 'g r .0.,p0,,I..U~fl.ptO""pp"".' 0,.,N v~l m~ r d.11. ll -11 P1 ... I. bj.1 1. 1.-1 -11 -U-lrl October 20 3 to 5:30 p.m. Doors open at 2p.m. Curtis Peterson Auditorium, Lecanto i >,/- U 11 k -/ -1"- S2nn-7 TETIGSEA I A ft - b 411o - L@Pb d"ftl A'I CH" rr"Ol'' i I E CITRUS COUNTv (FL) ( Letter to the CHRONICLE _Z~INONMODA, CTBE 1, 00 9 Sound oFF Nature of war Re: Leonard Pitt's column, Sept. 10: Once again, the truth is blurred or twisted by an agen- da designed to blame President Bush and the Republican Party by leaving out critical facts. On Sept. 11, America was attacked on our home land. We were shocked into aware- ness that an enemy hates America and is out to destroy us. We had been attacked many ,times before Sept. 11, but .chose not to see it. The SMuslim terrorists attacked tourist pleasure ships, then ,attacked commercial air- planes and many American military installations in the Middle East. They attacked the New York Towers and failed to destroy them. Then, under President Clinton, came the attack on .'the USS Cole. There was no retaliation by the Clinton 'administration nor did .Clinton want to take bin ,Laden into custody when he .was arrested by the Arabs and .so they let him go. S Today, we fight ghosts who ,disappear into villages and -mountains that we cannot sat- -urate bomb as we did in Vorld War II, but the terror- 'iss can and do bomb and kill -bystanders on purpose and -the world does nothing but 'groan and wring their hands. ,If we in the heat of battle -against terrorists later find -some civilians killed, we are blamed no matter who killed them because we were after the terrorists. We are given no leeway by the left wing'in America who want us to lose or by the people of many Middle East countries who want us out even though they claim otherwise. Under these restricted con- ditions. we cannot win this war and will go broke trying. We can win, but at great cost to Europe and the Middle East by cutting off the money supply Bomb all the oil fields in Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Cut off the money sup- ply and starve the people. It is war, you know. With no oil for Europe, they, too, will suffer, but they are not giving the help that they could. Please, America, wake up or die. Gerald G. Ruble Inverness AIRPORT TAXI 746-2929 SPlaza Health Foods SENIOR DISCOUNTS Vitamins Minerals Herbs 8022 West Gulf-to-Lake Highway Crystal River, Florida 34429 352-795-0911 23 Years In Citrus County I LIVE PAYMENT FREE IN COUNTRY BREAKFAST Trim toenails I visited Animal Control earlier this week and I know they have a lot of work there to keep up with, but I noticed almost every dog in the kennels has extreme- ly long toenails. It really doesn't take but a couple of minutes to solve this problem, and I hope that they will in the future. Stylist's tip Since everybody's been on the tipping issue lately, I was wondering what the proper tip would be for a hairdresser or hairstylist when they don't make less than minimum wage, but they make way more than that. What's the proper tip for that? Because it seems like they make quite a bit of money, plus a big tip. What do you think? Water park We went to a birthday party down in Oldsmar at a water park and the kids had so much fun. Why can't we have some- thing like that built up at Whispering Pines or some- where like that? I think the kids would really enjoy it. Holding emotion Some of us would like to know who on the editorial board wrote on Oct. 4 that you should not be emotionally involved while trying to protect your children. I'd like to know more about that person, how many children they have, where they live and who they are, especially their background. Education level This is a response to the Oct. 4 Sound Off caller who thinks that waitresses and waiters should get a better education and improve their skills. I was in the food service business for 40 years, both up North and down here. All through those years I found many people that I've worked with walking around with college diplomas in their back pocket because they couldn't afford to find jobs in their field, so they had to go to waitressing. I myself only graduated from high school, not college. But I chose to be in the food service business because I enjoy people. I was good at my job, my customers left happy because their service was good. If it weren't for wait- people, there would be no restaurants. And, sir or madam, I don't consider Ip * 0 'II ~LIID COIJNTY CA J 0 "Copyrighted Material. Syndicated Content .. Available from Commercial News Providers" myself uneducated ...I'm a retired waitress. Anchor away We wholeheartedly agree with the editorial in the Oct. 5 edition of the Chronicle regard- ing another Wal-Mart anchoring the complex to be developed at the site off County Road 486 and County Road 491. If the Walton dynasty has a leg up with the powers-that-be in Citrus County, why can't it be a Sam's Club instead? Enough of enoughness. It is like having a Walgreens on every corner. Enjoy the game This is for the parents calling in about no coverage of the middle school football games: Take it easy. Relax a little bit, man. It's not important that you see your son's name in the paper. Just go relax and enjoy the game. Have fun. Editor's note: Written reports and photos of games can be sent by e-mail to the weekly newspa- pers: editor@invernesspioneer. com, editor@homosassabeacon. com and editor@crystalriver current.com. Restaurant choice I'm calling about the people saying they don't want a Red Lobster or Olive Garden in Inverness. If they don't want it in Inverness, why don't they move out and leave the people alone that wants one here. I'd love to see one come in this town. We need some different kind of .jstaurant in this town. Red Lobster is a very 1 t ; I0 Saturday, October 20, 11am-2pm * Lynn Sholes & Joe Moore International Best-selling Authors. Their latest thriller, "The Hades Project," also "The Grail Conspiracy" & "The Last Secret" * Belea Keeney Novelist & Short Story Writer Seeth Miko Trimpert Fiction Novelist * Elissa Hamilton Malcohn -.Poet, Short Story Writer & Novelist 823 E. Hwy 44, Crystal River, (3 blocks East of Hwy.19) 795-3887 Urology Center of Florida in conjunction with the Cancer Treatment Center is pleased to announce a New Office in Citrus County nice place to eat. I've ate there before when I lived in Ocala. But I think a Red Lobster or Olive Garden, either one, would be a good factor for the city of Inverness. Books donated I'm responding to the person who inquired about library extras after book sales. The Citrus Springs Library has had their book sale and all extra books are donated to worthy causes Hospice, nursing homes, assisted living (facili- ties), and the Habitat for Humanity. We do try to keep our public well stocked with good books, and we appreciate the public's interest. Squad car use This is in regards to the Citrus County sheriff's (deputies) taking their cars home. I've personally witnessed them using it on their own per- sonal time, picking their sons up at bowling, going to Wal- Mart and Winn-Dixie. I've actu- ally followed them and this is all on their own time in our vehicles, not in uniform. My home was broken into. It took two calls to 911 and an hour and a half later they finally showed up. So I don't think tak- ing the cars home is a big help. 0 Inverness the county seat or is it Lecanto? And why are we spreading out our government in vast areas? It's very difficult for seniors to get to some of these places. Think about it. Work for people Do you all remember in the '90s when Clinton was running against Perot, what Ross Perot said? If you put Clinton in as president, you'll hear the suck- ing sound of our jobs leaving the country because of NAFTA, GATT and the World Trade Organization. Wasn't Ross Perot 100 percent right? Because Clinton did all those things and all our jobs have left the coun- try. I wouldn't dare put Hillary Clinton in office. What would she do next send the rest of what's left of our jobs out of this country or what? I have no, idea but I wouldn't trust another Clinton for nothing in the world. And the guy that wrote in IIU-Mt IINI & bKIAKI'ASI Seating is Limited: Please call for your reservation today! R REVERSE MORTGAGE caR ASSOCIATES LLC Maureen Locher A FLORIDA COMPANY is proud to be your local Crystal River Representative. Call now for a space at this FREE informative meeting! (352) 422-0052 or toll free 866-876-6480 If you cannot attend, call for more information and a FREEno obligation consultation. MEMBER OF NATIONAL REVERSE MORTGAGE LENDERS ASSOCIATION LENDER today's paper "Act in our inter- est," and the founding fathers, he's right. Our government has- n't worked for the people. We might put them in office, but- once they get in office they wQrk for big business and special interest groups only, not for the people of this country. Because we're spending all our money overseas and cutting everything on-Americans and the poor aqd we're not doing nothing to help the poor or the people of this.. country. It's a shame. This gov- ernment ought to be ashamed of itself completely. Target disappointment I'm very sorry to see that they have decided, the develop- ment planning committee in Citrus County has decided not to put a Target store down on: (County Road) 491 like they ., had originally planned, and i they're talking about putting a Wal-Mart in. I think that is one of the biggest mistakes you're going to make. If you go to the Wal-Mart in Inverness, Dunnellon or even the one up on (State Road) 200 in Ocala/ the attitude isn't there ...I think if Sam Walton could wake up" from his grave now and see what this store has become, I' don't know what he'd do. Butl think it's a shame... Catching up I'm a snowbird and I just got back down here. I was wonder: ing when the Fleet Reserve is going to have their next spaghetti dinner and their bingo game. We just came back down here from up North. We're here for the winter and we're just finding out when they're going to have their spaghetti dinners- again and their bingo card games. Citrus American Italian Club Doors Open ..-, Jacpo- 12 NOON \I A//Paper , 726-6155 E A//P.pe : 4325 S. 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And thank goodness that the valet person came to his vehicle and asked if he needed a ride to the entrance of the erhergency room. And of course he said yes, he does; he thinks he's having a heart attack. And then he went out of his way to get him into the emergency room and get taken care of right away. So, yes, I think we do need valet service. Well-run pool I think the Whispering Pines pool is run in an excellent man- ner. The people working there all do a good job in maintain- ihg the facilities, and there are enough programs geared to all ages of Citrus County. Pull together I'm just calling in about Giuliani and his running for president and using 9/11 to make it, like, so sad ... He was the mayor; he had to do some- thing. Anyone in his position eould have done the same thing he did. He did not go overboard in what he did, but now he plants so much glory for this, pnd he doesn't stop to think how many times he's been mar- ried. He can't even keep his marriagee together, and he has so many women. None of them are perfect. Believe me, they all Iave faults. But we have our sex offenders, we have our health care, and we can't even get a dIecent ballplayer, a decent run- her, a decent anything in this World, without them taking steroids or having some kind of something in the closet. You know, why can't the Democrats and the Republicans, why don't they work together and give the American people what they need and get this country back in shape again instead of just picking on one another like a bunch of children. We sure set good examples, between our sports people and our politi- S cians. We certainly set up a nice, nice thing for our children to look at. There's just so much that we just need to get together on a little bit. We don't have to be overly reli- cALn gious. We just need to 563 work together. That is U the main thing. Katrina connection If we had dealt with Blackwater and the other pri- vate security firms shooting at Americans in New Orleans, they wouldn't be shooting at Iraqis in Iraq. Sen. Obama questioned these operations, and several congressmen held hearings, but Homeland Security hired them and said their behavior was appropriate. There's a connection between Katrina and Iraq. Use reclaimed water This is in regard to "Save water": Yes, we do need to con- serve more. One caller in the Sound Off meant to close all golf courses. I don't agree. That would never happen, any- way. I would say, make it mandatory within a time limit to convert to reclaimed water. If they don't comply, then shut them down. As far as I know, the only golf course that has installed the tanks and there- fore uses reclaimed water is Plantation Inn. Stagnant insurance This is in response to Gov. Crist's indicating of all our reductions. Well, if they look at the tax structure right now, the only way you're going to get a tax reduction in your house is if you have a house that Sis worth $200,000 or more. So if it's worth less, you're not going to get no reduction. And No. 2 is, I'd like to know when he con- siders he dropped homeowners insur- .l ance. And he also has stated that he has 0579 indicated dropping everything lower so people can afford it. Well, every time he does, it's just like your automo- bile insurance; you are assessed 1 percent of your automobile's policy, which in the case of two cars, would be 2 percent of that or whatever. And I'd like to know when that's going to be discontinued. Then we got the response for homeowners insurance, and then you have a situation where you were charged $37 to reduce Citizens. And first of all, they gave all the higher echelon a bonus with our amount that we had to pay into it, and now they are still assessing us on that, on the house. And I'd like to know when that is going to be dis- continued also. I'm sick and tired of paying everybody's bills and not getting anything done. )~ IY)~~IALL In LSrving Citruis Counnt-for 15 years! J'isi, Onr Showiroon V.ill beal compelltors pricing 1 .ulhorizd Heal A GIo DEaler & Frlo eNtgfr eBO r Alao D o.enn* rrpae *Dryer Ven * Fireplace *Parts * * Accessorii A Reigns of fear In his address to the United Nations on Sept. 26, President Bush said he would tighten sanctions against the military government in Myanmar, alias Burma. He continued that he would "slap a visa ban on those responsible for egre- gious human rights viola- tions," and he accused the dic- tatorship of imposing a reign of fear that denies basic free- doms of speech, assembly and worship. Where was the outrage in 1990 when the Myanmar mili- tary, partnering with UNICAL, a California corporation, enslaved locals to clear land to prepare for a $1.2 billion project? These people were pursued, captured and forced to work on the UNICAL pipeline; resisters were shot. In 2003, the U.S. 9th District Court of Appeals was asked to consider whether UNICAL, as a business partner of the Myanmar government, could be held responsible for the forced labor and murder com- mitted by the military. Burma is now called Myanmar, renamed by the mil- itary junta that took over, although Nobel prize-winner Aung San Su Kyi won the pop- ular vote. The country was a progressive democracy after World War II under Buddhist Premier U Nu, but some of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang settled there and democracy suffered. Chiang was our man sweeps Outaoor Qy Kitcnhen Fireplaces it Cleaning Fireplace Facing Brick Work Stonework Startups Supplies Free Local Estimates Gas Logs Vented or Repairs Unvented Electric Fireplaces es (352) 795-7976 Crystal River Crystal Plaza (Behind Dillon's Inn) Free fireplace inspection w/drver vent cleaning! in China and later in Taiwan, where we backed a govern- ment that held no election for 42 years. In Afghanistan, we installed Hamid Karzai, previously a consultant for UNOCAL,.as leader, and he later won the election. The U.S. gave him transportation and protection while his opponents trod the treacherous terrain unescort- ed in that dangerous country. To be fair, George W Bush was not president in 1990 when Myanmar legalized slav- ery and committed brutal atrocities against its people. Our president was George Herbert Walker Bush. Mary B. Gregory Homosassa Veteran president I'm still hoping that we have yet to hear from the next presi- dent of the United States. In other words, I'm not too happy with those of either party who are now campaigning. For example, I would like to see another combat veteran stand forth. After all, after the term of our present fearless leader, we will have gone 16 years with the commanders-in- chief of our armed forces who somehow were able to avoid any type of combat during the war in Vietnam. More importantly, be it man or woman or Republican or Democrat, we need a statesman who will change our downward spiral and let the world know that the USA is still the great- est One who will put an imme,, diate stop to the stupid waste of time, lives and billions of bor- rowed dollars in President Bush's quagmire in Iraq. Truthfully, what have we done there but stir up a hornet's nest? Wouldn't we have been smarter to stay after bin Laden? We might have found him in a hole just like Hussein. In fact, the longer we stay, noth- ing is likely to change. We've yet to convert a single Muslim to Christianity, nor will we ever. I must agree with Gen. Peter; Pace who says that we have individuals (like me) who let their personal venom come for- ward instead of talking about how do we get from where we are to where we need to be. So I promise to quit telling the truth about Bush and hope that we elect a statesman-like presi-; dent But I'll keep my fingers crossed hoping that our fear- less leader doesn't get us into a. shooting war with Iran (or World War III) before his term is finally over Duane Smith Homosassa VERTICAL BLIND FACTORY. S2968 W. Gulf to Lake (Hwy. 44) Lecanto FL :& TaW746-1998 -or- 1-877-202-1991 -I" C--# AA 10 TYPES OF BLINDS siaNn UP TO $1,200 REBATE AND COOL, CLEAN AIR.., "' = r '. " -"-4 4 ."I will donate mj papers to NIE whe !,,.. ,- y en I go out of town." LCall 563-5655 SDonate Your Papers. It's That Easy! The Newspapers In .. Education (NIE) ; /,'/ Literacy Program of The Citrus County Chronicle ..provides FREE S. newspapers to / classrooms as a i90 supplemental teaching tool. For more information about NIE, call 563-5655 UP TO $1,200 REBATE 6 vs cash* when you purchase any qualifying Trane XLi system between August 30 and October 31, 2007 The Pe.o:lu.ti:,rir, Trane CleanEffecit i the fleri l ai:n rl o0r ,-r, thai removes up - to 99 F':: of Ihe allergerns frrom all the air that .l h:eat cIr ,:.:Is. rInd no', through' UOctober 3 1 2i'00 ,:,u oan gel a rebate S up re 11I 20.I ..hei- *, purchase one Isn I t me .. : pere.iL ,oTire from /our " Like Two Systems In One... Which Saves You Money! Trarne : 'LI.i id. hk .,n r.-..o 5,ler : r one C.n m, o.l do,s Il rurns, eHic.enil, r I .. :..peed Ifr maximum ;a.ing: B.,i .-.hen i s it exremel, h.. ur ,,r .. :,i-. i. :. .he I: ar. er i,.:.:ern re'i.:.r ito pic..ide e ern greater Expect more from your independent Trane Comfort Specialist"' dealer. DANIEL'S HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING INC. 9rsmwe 4581 S. Florida Ave., Inverness, FL "" ' 352-726-5845 S 1,,: BC4L i:'.4 3:.J .: Rebate up to a maximum of $1,200 is available on qualifying systems and accessories only and may vary depending od- models purchased August 30, 2007 through October 31, 2007. Available through participating dealers only. Void whe&. prohibited. NOTE: Rebate up to $1,200 is dependent upon system purchased. *6 months Same as Cash/6 months Deferred Payment Finance Charges accrue from the date of sale unless the Same As Cash plan balance is paid in fdil prior to the Same As Cash expiration date, in which case they are waived. Regular credit terms apply after the Same A t Cash period expires. Annual Percentage Rate 17.90%. Minimum Finance Charge: $2.00. (APR and Minimum Flnaridt Charge may be lower in some states.) Terms subject to change without notice. Subject to credit approval. See Accou j. Agreement for complete Information and important disclosures. Other open-end credit plans may be available. Ask seller for details, All credit plans subject to normal credit policies. ^ [0R 0oeU C. -ew3 .D.. PA. A One-Man :ihe AmaAing *The 1 Variety Showl O ooner! Harmonila0 e November 8, 8007 December 4, 8007 January 10, 8008 Six C6) FANTASTrIC SHOW !!- Reserved Season Tickets Only $125 C '_o General Admission Beason Tickets are 990 ,0,' ;_-r Individual Shows (Reserved) at 823 po5 Individual Bhows CGeneral) at 17 H 'HfcH 3/*fi L.... The Rodeo Ireland's Citrua County's Sally Rhythm Kings! Happy Man! Langwah & Todd Oharlesl February 7, 8008 March 4, 8008 April 10, 8008 All shows held at Best Western Hotel (Rte. 486) at 7:00 pm. MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO! THE TRAVEL CLUB, 727 E. GILCHRIBT CT, HERNANDO 34442 OUESTIONS? CALL: 352-476-4242 OR 352-249"-089 CiTRus COUNTY (FL) CHRONICLE _ I . JLJ6L MONDAY, Zll\-k;\ JU 1uu I///~/////////////////////////////////// -j ! I -I CITRus CouN'1' (FL) CHRONICLE. Hot Corner: PET IDOL : Good, sweet fun I'm calling in response to Wednesday's Sound Off about the call about the waste of paper for the "doggy idol." I'd just like to comment that in a world where there's so many negative things going on and so much bad around us, isn't it nice to have something cute and funny to laugh at and admire? If the caller is that cynical about having anything good or sweet or anything, you know, pleasant to look at'... No waste here *To the person who called about wasting paper on pets: Get a life ... You don't know what you're talking about. Too many whiners The Chronicle did not waste a sheet of paper by putting those adorable cats and dogs in there. It was very refresh- ing to see that. What they are wasting is the Sound Off col- umn where people are allowed to say some of the most idiotic things I have ever seen in my life. Florida is full of complainers and whiners. For literacy .To that there person who tidought that there "Pet Idol" cgntest was a waste of paper, Ie proceeds go to that there ildren's Literacy Program of ,trus County. S Pets love you ,-This is in response to 'tWaste of paper": It's very sad that you obviously were ever raised with animals, ogs, cats, etc. These ani- mals are able to teach chil- dren responsibility. These ani- Inals help old people, as we lee in nursing homes and so forth. It's just a shame that you're so bitter, obviously, about animals. Maybe you Should try getting one and ou will learn what uncondi- tional love is. Carol's AIRPORT TAXI 352 746-7595 S I hkl About Baths tFurniture Repair SFurniture Repair & Restoration * Finish Repairs Complete Refinishing * Chair Caning Structural Repairs * Antique Repairs Chair Regluing reftilisine Refinish Line is the expert in furniture repair and refinishing. For an estimate, call 352-400-5277 Lifestyle Entertainment A&E CCTV-9 Comedy Central E! Entertainment Television Lifetime For Women Reelz SciFi Channel Spike TV TBS TNT TV Guide Channel USA Network News/Information C-Span C-Span2 CNBC CNN Headline News NASA The Weather Channel Family ABC Family Cartoon Network Disney Channel (East) Disney Channel (West) Nickelodeon/Nick at Night(East) Nickelodeon/Nick at Night(West) TV Land Sports ESPN ESPN Alternate ESPN2 ESPN2 Alternate ESPN News Horse Racing TV * *NFL Network* * CbINfbNT ODA, COBR 5 207h Letters to the EDITOR Save Social Security Editor's note: The following letter to Sen. Bill Nelson is published at the writer's request I am using my right as an American and as our laws allow a right to petition. I request that you put a bill on the floor of the Senate to have all fund for Social Security put into a lock box. This would allow only Social Security to disburse funds to people eligible for these funds. I am hoping you will contact Sen. Mel Martinez and Rep. Ginny Brown-Waite and coordinate this with them. I will write them both. The bill will be a single request to put Social Security into a lock box; also a stipulation that no riders of any kind can be added to it. This will prevent any pork bills to ride in on its coattails or let it be pushed into a com- mittee and let die due to some nonsense objection. Our incentive plan is: No bill, no votes in November '08 for incumbents. I hope you and all of Florida's representatives can get this bill into action by a unanimous backing. We are not asking you to give us anything. It is our money and we want to be sure it is there when we retire. During the past 30 years, Congress has squandered it on all kinds of help to other nations. Now we need to know it will be there when we need it. Martin Leonard Inverness SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS Follow the instructions on today's Opinion page to send a letter to the editor. Letters must be no longer than 350 words, and writers will be limited to three letters per month. Test cheaters Rampant student stealing in academic circles has gained attention because of 22 Florida State University athletes caught consorting with physical educa- tion staff to cheat on tests. Some might say, "It is all right because they are working at their individual sports." Nonsense, some of these ath- letes are getting a "free" $100,000 education. Many other students have to beg, borrow or work to earn their degrees. As many other students have had to do, I worked at two or three jobs to pay for my edu- cation at Stetson, the University of Southern Mississippi, etc. Others besides students share in cheating responsibilities, such as school administrators who emphasize winning and put pres- sure on professors to give special grade favors to athletes. Some college professors assist in mak- ing cheating easy by using the same tests year in and year out; and sororities and fraternities that stockpile tests and make them available for their mem- bers also contribute to the prob- lem. Assistants to the teaching fac- ulty often are involved, because they may not be conscientiously reading says, dissertations, etc., to be sure there is not plagia- rism. Sometimes, parents have to share responsibility by not devel- oping appropriate character for their children, and/or putting too much pressure on them for a 4.0 gpa. Indirectly stealing from par- ents is not nearly as important as students stealing from them- selves, and minimizing the learn- ing opportunities provided for them by taxpayers and educa- tional contributors. But ultimately, the student must face up to the responsibility for intellectual stealing, and should be severely punished for abusing the system and honest students who study for their grades. William C. Young Crystal River PAID ADVERTISEMENT Bright House Iand Comcast Refuse To Air Advertisement!!! Comcast and Brighthouse will sell advertising through it's cable system for almost any product and the list is lengthy. Vacuum cleaners, weight loss and even lama farming have found a home in the advertising world. However when in comes to advertising Dish Network a product that has cheaper digital rates than cable the answer is no. In a recent interview Marc Altman from Sky SAT 20 says, "It's been exhausting. For almost 20 years I have tried to advertise with major cable companies and they just keep saying no while saying yes to cable rate increases. All we want to do is save people money. People need to know that it's possible to save money on what they pay each month for TV. I realize that by letting ads run for a product that's cheaper than cable companies will lose customers but this is America and while cable companies can legally refuse advertisers I do think selective advertising is wrong. I hope every American appreciates the freedom of the printed press." Mr. Altman goes on to say, "The cable industry has always fought to not be labeled as a monopoly and pointed to the satellite industry as a choice consumers have, and yet by controlling a large part of who gets to advertise on TV they act just like a monopoly by saying no. It might be argued that everything should be called satellite TV. If a consumer followed the cable from their house it always ends up at a satellite dish. Why pay for TV service that has to run through miles of underground lines when you can have a small dish on your house and save lots of money every year. Dish Network has a plan for everyone. Qualified customers can get free equipment and free installation usually within 24 to 48 hours by calling 1- 888 851 7283." 10 things educated consumers should know! 1. Dish network has the lowest all digital price in America. Cable is not 100% digital. 2. You do not need a special television set even the old TVs work great with our service. 3. Improvements over the years mean very dependable service even in bad weather. 4. You can hook up all your TVs and watch different channels. 5. Federal rulings prohibit homeowners associations from banning competition. 6. In many cases you can lower your high-speed Internet cost by switching to satellite TV. 7. Dish Network has always fought hard to bring. consumers the lowest pay TV cost and is not afraid to use its negotiating power of 13 million customers when seeking the lowest rates with various TV channels. 8. Local channels are available including your. local weather and radar. 9. Dish Network has the largest selection of high definition channels. 10. Add a DVR to 2 rooms for only $ 3.00 per month. October is education month at SkySat 20. Consumers who call 1-888- 851-7283 can talk to Mr. Altman and take advantage of his 20 years experience. The call is free and so is the HIGH DEF CHANNELS Golf Channel and MHD Versus Monsters HDNet National HDNet Movies Geograpl HDNews Channel HGTV HD *.NFL History Channel HD HD** Kung Fu HD Rave HD TV Games Network Education/Learning Discovery Channel Food Network History Channel Home & Garden Television The Learning Channel The Travel Channel Music Country Music Channel MTV MTV2 VH1 Lifestyle Entertainment A&E CCTV-9 ;HD elc HD Network. Public Interest BYUTV Classic Arts Showcase Colours TV Religious Documentry Channel Free Speech TV Good Samaritan Network HITN KBS WORLD LINK TV Northern Arizona Univ. Panhandle Education Research Channel University of California University of Washington Religious Angel One Davstar Eternal Word Television Network ication. If you would like ind out just how easy it is dump cable and start ing money please call and e advantage of free lipment and free allation. With crystal clear ture and sound combined h prices that blow cable ay the time to switch is v. 1 1-888-851-7283 and ipare our pricing to your rent cable provider luding Brighthouse, cast, Cox, Adelphia, and ect. sk About our snow bird lan. sk about High Definition programming. sk about DVRs (Maybe le greatest thing since iced bread). ret all this and more for nly $34.99 with locals per o0nth plus tax. 11 now 1-888-851-7283 return calls 24/7 Rush HD Science Channel HD TLCHD TNT:HD Treasure HD .Ultra HD Universal HD World Cinema :HD WorldSport HD Trinity Broadcasting Network ShoQPing Beauty & Fashion Channel HSN Healthy Living Channel Jewelry Television MENS2 Mens Channel OVC Resort & Residence Channel Shop NBC iDrive TV iDrive iSHOP CD Music Channels Citrus Paint & Decor DECORATING CENTER 724 NW Hwy. 19, Crystal River (352) 795-3613 7470 SW 60th Ave., Ocala (352) 873-1300 SMon.-Fri. 7:30 AM 5:00 'M Ig Sat. 8:00 AM NOON p 4si~ "e"A ,sL l~~ . High Definition & Digital Video Recorders Available. i Call for Details. Includes Local Co $24.99 per month + tax Includes FREE Installation S 1st 500 CALLERS RECEIVE A SPECIAL DISCOUNT! NFL NETWORK AVAILABLE IN angels CALL PACKAGES!Now * ******e. sC all*****0000000006000000*00000 ** * * channels Call Now S FOX CUJ 0 For Details 1 NBC R 1-888-851-7283 A&E HD Equator HD Access to HD PPV ESPN HD Animal Planet HD ESPN2 HD Animania HD Family Room HD Discovery Channel Film Fest HD HD Food Network HD Discovery HD Gallery HD Theater GamePlay HD I MONDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2007 IIA LteOPsINhEN n TO Is s '2007 O)CTOHBER I 5, 20()07 ,.,. ":r -,, ".h. ',; :, .T 0 "The things that are wrong with the country today are the sum total of all the things that are wrong with us as individuals." Charles W. Tobey ,. I- CITRUS COUNTY CHRONICLE EDiTORIAL BOARD .. .i Gerry Mull GO FOR IT Pursuit of grant acknowledges a great need With plans to establish a county mental health court in January, it's appropriate that the Citrus County Public Safety Co- ordinating Council pursue a grant to that would help fund a study to assess mental health needs. In particular, THE I determining how many mentally ill Jailir people are being ment jailed vs. receiving needed treatment is OUR 01 of importance. Steer The grant, $50,000 toward ti or more, could be a piece of the puzzle YOUR OPI in breaking the c r,ron,clieo cycle of jailing peo- :c'rnment a pie who, without :'-r"',nci help, can and do repeat the behavior that landed them in jail in the first place. As a society, it's imperative to distinguish between common criminals and those whose para- noia or schizophrenia cause be- havior that's a threat to society. In one sense, $50,000 is a drop in the bucket for a problem so large one might question if it can ever be adequately addressed. But, if people in need are identi- '! a P rt N ri I b e fled and directed toward treat- ment, it's a humane way to man- age the situation and it might result in a significant cost sav- ings when compared to jailing them at $58.44 a day. Since the 1970s, when large institutions warehousing the mentally ill were iSUE: shut down, we've struggled with how g the to manage the prob- Ily ill. lem of mental ill- ness. The revolving 'INION: jail-cell-door them response has done eatment. nothing to treat these individuals. ION: Go t.: Unfortunately, the line Coir t,: mentally ill have lit- C'ou toadi 's tle clout in the halls etora.' of Congress, which approved a similar- type program to the state grant the county is seeking. The feder- al allocation: $5 million for 50 states. Despite the challenges, the acknowledgement of the prob- lem in Citrus County is com- mendable and any movement to steer the mentally ill toward treatment vs. dealing with them as common criminals is a posi- tive step. A history of rope, and shame his will be a history of I rope. It strikes me that such a history is desperately needed just now. It seems the travesty in Jena, La., has spawned a ghastly trend. Remember how white stu- dents at Jena High placed nooses in a tree last year to communicate antipathy toward their African- Leonar American classmates? Now "'G it's happening all over. ';:'.y b. Mark Potok, the director of the Intelligence Project of the Southern Poverty Law Center told USA Today, "For a dozen incidents to come to the public's attention is a lot I don't gener- ally see noose incidents in a typical month. We might hear about a handful in a year" The superintendent of schools in Jena famously dismissed the original incident as a "prank" It was an aston- ishing response, speaking volumes *d Pitts 1 2; ic "" tl , infor- mation. cou- ple oth- erwise man- aged two cries before the man crushed its head beneath his heel. A rope was used to tie Turner upside down in a tree. A history of rope would include thou- sands of Turners, Moncriefs and Holberts. It would range widely across the geography of this nation and the years of the last two centuries. A histo- ry of rope would travel from Cairo, Ill., in 1909 to Fort Lauderdale in 1935 to Urbana, Ohio, in 1897 to Wrightsville, Ga., in 1903, to Leitchfield, Ky., in 1913 to Newbern, Tenn., in 1902. And beyond. You might say the country has changed since then, and it has. The problem is, it's changing again. It feels as if in recent years we the people have backward traveled from even the pretense of believing our lofti- est ideals. It has become fashionable to decry excessive "political correctness," deride "diversity," sneer at the "protect- ed. Write to Leonard Pitts Jr. at 1 Herald Plaza, Miami, FL 33132 or via e-mail at Ipitts@herald.com. Hot Corner:.' FIM "T& & - Making scents Today's Monday, Oct. 1. I'm call- ing in regard to the "Fumes and paint" comment. I cannot agree too strongly with the person who made these comments. Unless you have breathing difficulties, I suppose it's hard to imagine how stifling even a small amount of colognes or body washes or strong shampoos can be to a person who suffers from breathing difficulties. I lost my hus- band to a breathing problem. And when we had a therapist come to the house a breathing therapist - when I opened the front door, the fumes from her perfume or body wash or whatever she used, which she denied using heavy, reached my husband A across the living room and he could not breathe. I'm appalled that doctors - even non-pulmonary doctors don't post signs in their reception rooms for patients to be considerate of others and limit their use of various types of fragrances. It CAL, really is a matter of life and death for some peo- 563 pie. I would think that during an occasional doc- tor's visit, a person could forego using these heavy scents. I hope somebody will take this to heart. Good grooming I'm going to try to speak for all the doctors' receptionists in the area and there are quite a lot of us. The narrow-minded person who called in about the receptionists' makeup certainly managed to show her total ignorance in just a few sen- tences. As for makeup, I do not go out of my house without it. So I for one won't be changing that aspect. And trust me, my makeup does not interfere at all with my job. I'll bet those receptionists that she was referring to also had nice, neat, clean fingernails, well-groomed hair and spotless clothing, as well. This person needs to look way beyond I i -I the outer cover and into the heart of the receptionist whose job it is to greet her with a smile reserved only for her or he. No matter who might have come in to the office before her maybe a patient who had just been determined to be terminal - we have to turn on that smile under all the pink lipstick, and offer a cheery "hello." The caller should thank the receptionist for all the research we must do to get perti- nent records for her visit so that the doctor has all the tools he needs for a complete and thorough visit. Ours is not an easy job, but we do it with sincere, caring hearts. And up under that mascara, you will find warm and welcoming eyes. As for the cologne in the office? ^ In my opinion, which I'm sure is shared by most, clean and soapy fresh is the order of the day. Actually, some patients could do with a little more of that soap and t water themselves. At least have a quick shower ,. before you come in. At times we have had to 05 9 spray our entire office 0Q579 with an antibacterial deodorant because the smell was that offensive. Anyway, you need to stop being so very petty and thank the good Lord for all the great doctors we have in this area, and their office staff who work very, very hard to do a good job for you. Good impression This is for the person complaining about people working in the doc- tors' office, about how they are dressed and how they look and what they smell like. Well, I sure wouldn't want some of the people walking into the stores that I see dressed the way they are and their hair looks like it's never been washed or combed. I am happy to see ladies dressed like ladies in doctors' offices where they meet and greet people. Please keep it that way. 'Sicko' sideshow Michael Moore takes an important national issue, presents the far-left view and then uses mostly anecdotal evidence to support his views. The problem with films like "Sicko" is that there is a national health care crisis in America, but Moore does vir- tually nothing to present all the facts - good and bad so that we can enter into intelligent, informed nation- al discussion on the subject. It's enough for Moore to show a few exam- ples of the hundreds of Americans who have been screwed over by HMOs and for us to make the leap into believ- ing everyone is being screwed over How much research would it have taken to find out just how many people currently being insured are being denied care or receiving substandard care? Without that number, how can Michael Moore or we or our gov- ernment figure out how to fix the system? The first two-thirds of the film are taken up by Moore telling us what we already know: Our politicians have been bought and paid for by special in- terests (in this case, the health care and pharmaceutical industry). We're also introduced to a few people who tell tragic stories of how the HMO in- dustry led to the deaths of their loved ones. Moore also shows how countries like France, Canada and England have bet- ter health care systems than the United States, but underplays the fact that citizens in those countries are taxed almost triple the rate of Americans to fund those programs. The final act is Moore showboating - literally as he takes a flotilla of 9/11 rescue workers to Cuba to get free health care. The workers are given the best care the Cuban government can provide, and Moore expects us to be- lieve that he isn't being used by Castro as a propaganda tool, that the Ameri- cans are merely receiving the same run-of-the-mill health care as any nor- mal Cuban.. NAIIonllne.com. It's too bad Moore didn't show us how things could work in the United States, rather than wasting our time telling us how things don't work and then monkeying around with grand- standing in a Cuban hospital. That's just sick W. Roberts Homosassa Political mix It is time for change. County com- missioners coming up for election in 2008 and in 2010 must be replaced. Why? Because all are Republican and continue representing business inter- ests in the county rather than citizen interests. Knowing that Republicans are pro-business, we need a mix of Democrats and Republicans. Citizens need representation. Hopefully, there will be those who have the time and interest to campaign for citizen con- cerns before business concerns. I'm optimistic the Chronicle will see fit to recommend candidates with citizen interests in future elections Peter Monteleone of Pine Ridge appropriately questioned the inten- tions of some who want county facili- ties to be located in the city of Inverness, our county seat, a signifi- cant distance from our population cen- ter Our current commissioners contin- ue to disregard the imperative need for decentralization of county offices. A majority of the county population is located west of County Road 491, specifically in Homosassa, Crystal River, Chassahowitzka, Riverhaven, Ozello and Walden Woods. It is incon- venient and costly for those who live west of C.R. 491 to drive to Inverness. The commission must not authorize spending of taxpayer dollars in locat- ing additional county facilities in the city of Inverness, "a diminutive hamlet of 6,000 residents." George Harbin Homosassa Attempts to intimidate A man is born into this world with a name. He leaves this world with only that name on a stone. It is, for some men, all that they have. It is precious. As a defendant in Yankeetown's most recent frivolous lawsuit dam- age has been done and indecent, Unnecessary liberties have been taken with mine. It is impossible not S More to think of my father opinion He was the best man PAGES in the world. All 9A to 11A those without excep- tion who knew and worked with him (they numbered in the many, many thousands) would agree. The name meant so very much to him, for he and other generations shared it and he gave it to me. Today is the first time since his death five years ago that I am glad he is not here. Some men seem to take their actions and the effect of those actions lightly with no concern. We weren't blessed with life to do so. G. D. Ross Yankeetown CIKI Ru COUNTY CHRONICLE S.. to the Editor I I _ Sout I I Tritium This Exit -- -~ '- ci~__-- MONDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2007 13A j'' al off ~aw-360-7191, TTY/TDD: 1-877-247-6272 Monday-Friday, 8am to 6pm Eastern E-mail: WeCare@wellcare.com October 16 Golden Corral 10200 W. Halls River Rd. Homosassa 10:30am ^ ' October 17 Cinnamon Sticks Restaurant 2120 Hwy. 44 W. Inverness 8:30am October 17 China First 618 Southeast US Hwy. 19 Crystal River 12:30pm October 19 La Luna Italian Restaurant 859 US Hwy. 41 Inverness 10:30am October 22 Chilis 140 N. Suncoast Blvd. Crystal River 10am October 26 La Luna Italian Restaurant 859 US Hwy. 41 Inverness 10:30am October 23 Marguerita Grill 10200 W. Halls River Rd. Homosassa 10:30am October 29 Chilis 140 N. Suncoast Blvd. Crystal River 10am October 24 China First 618 SE US Hwy. 19 Crystal River 12:30pm October 31 China First 618 SE US Hwy. 19 Crystal River 12:30pm XXWellCare Get more from your Medicares" WellCare is a health plan with a Medicare contract. Benefits and limitations may vary by plan and by county. A sales representative will be present with information and applications. For accommodation of persons with special needs at sales meetings, call 1-866-360-7191 (TTY/TDD: 1-877-247-6272). There is no obligation. Please contact WellCare for details. M0012 NA05028 WCM ADV ENG OFFER CODE: CCC1015 oWellCare 2007 NA 07 07F ,/ CITRUS COUNTY (FL) CHRONICLEE lc' 14A MONDAY OCTOBER 15, 2007 1-; CITRUS COUNTY CHRONICLE cut efabeemm m m1: -- W k goo a....- I * o amm am dkwiI Inv tuip ton i w crais d pickup Rut ^tNRu~l^ =.. I oprighted Mterinal m pao indicated Content msN AvailablejfromkCommercial News PRroviders" nm e- maM en S l e*e ,- Pm- a-" *p o - -Wom .n 4m a a la- n t IN -w w% Sh LO a a-ac1 *- -i. -a c.fl. ~ -~&We Wse9=4a 6W S*4isoft mwl *~ efl 4 a m ~~~aa 0 m U WSW "' w .... %. W- 10 '*11 p S Wom- f- S o ....a -a a.m a -aw w rmmm. 11* a.*a ~ .f 40b -1- *ms41 -n.. a- -e as Cms -m flNa mam a0a -. -w i tie ,. % I .Lt 'H4% H< .^ f~cM*L9 rll i. ,r( II t : c 31At . t '" * ] * Scoreboard/3B mrIFL 4B-5B m Golf IHL 6B * rjAS:AFP 7B * S i:',r t E ri tl 7B SELrIrtiinnr-nl 8B _-gi I I ) CIT CouNTi CHRONICLE ' CITRUS COUNTY CHRONICLE B MONDAY OCTOBER 15, 2007 USF . 2 n BCS, AP w Ia W-e aW aW a aW '-MM e a. As-am" a wo ewe. i-. u. 4 4 r AM.. .- 400 Field goal lifts Bucs over Titans r~aw"` OMlw pnan--111, Ava U- = "Copyrighted Material Syn icated C ntent ilable fro mdmmercial New ~_rc 'z *" &nl O U U/ in IJCIA 'L JL am W a_ icn viders" ~;; ~ ~ a a living gs Sn- a -lsiu rIInc~u s-.- aus -=ili -a.u =llla -===< inmeanin "a-= =- == lmi ..lL ... .I..I. ..m.... ... ... s .III II.. ha lu mub.. .=...ini ~i *CI...4w U& mm-.. W-10 IM EM.- 1L IW Y410 MV S *; jdwNN N " RHOkie wtake 34) wr led ov( Dhanndaim-ka in NIX Rwas am- . a. ........... an 'I I -- -Ia, ,,,,, ; ,, ,~ w e;;; s i~; ~ ;; i; -, 4-;; ~ ;; ; i 8 ; mer --, ~ii i; ~ g,;; I-- ~~"" .Bi , ixi a m a. r,, ; ......;~ .,' I ) "IS NVIONDAY U r 1' 07CLIt es COZ-"FLk Cho-- ! o HOMOSASSA, FL 34448 352-628-5100 Inglis Crysta Riwt VILLAGE' CADfIIA(-TOYOIA Homoessa ss Snrinno 6s Dunnellcn Hwy 98 Inverness A LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT 9n.1' i I nld allITryop v HwHt ty o50 ookvlle "39 MO ONE PAY LEASE 10K YR. PLUS TAX TAG AND DEALER FEE. '$2616 down plus tax, ag and dealer fees 10k miles a year for 39 months. Sale prices & discounts include all incentives plus tax, tag, title & $399 dealer fee (Pre-owned Excluded). tMust quality for this promotion. 'tExcludes new 08' CTS. ttOn select models. Pictures for illustration purposes only. expires 10/2007 2004 CADILLAC SX V --,er~br .~Ba~lp-a~~a~rr~PI ---ac--------as MONDAY. OCTOBER~or~ 15, 2007 ,,&E IV] C17`n1us CouNTn (FL) CH-RONICLI, (ITFRUS LUUIVI Y ( l, tHKUNI(,Lh HS FOOTBALL Pirates 21, Hurricanes 20 Crystal River 7 0 014-21 Mount Dora 0 0 614-20 CR MD First downs 12 10 Total Yards 307 345 Rushes-yards 25-78 38-121 Passing 229 214 Comp-Att-Int 20-41-2 11-17-1 Fumbles-Lost 3-0 4-3 Penalties-Yards 6-69 9-62 INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING- (Attempts, Yards, TDs) Crystal River: Newcomer 16-63-2; Devaughn 6-11-0; Noland 1-3-0; Riggs 1- 1-0. Mount Dora:Howard 15-86-11; Steadman 20-47-1; Hudak 3-(-2)-0. PASSING- (Comp, Att, yards, TDs, Int) Crystal River:Newcomer 20-41-229-1-2. Mount Dora: Hudak 11-17-214-1-1. RECEIVING- (Catches, Yards, Tds), Crystal River: Smith 9-149-0; MacDonald 6-58-0; Laga 2-17-1; Noland 1-8-0; Beatty 1-2-0; Devaughn 1-(-5)-0. Mount Dora: Lackey 2-54-0; Harley 1-47-0; Ozerities 1- 39-1; Steadman 3-31-0; Hagins 2-25-0; Gilmore 1-14-0; Howard 1-4-0. .KICKING- (FG FGA, XP, XPA) Crystal iver: Gusha 0-0, 3-3; Atkins 0-1, 0-0; Mount Dora: Howard 0-1, 0-1. GOLF 1PGA TourSamsung World :Championship Par Scores Sunday tt Bighorn Golf Club, Canyons Course S Palm Desert, Calif. S Purse: $1 million Yardage: 6,644 Par: 72 Final ,erena Ochoa, $250,000 8-67-69-66 270 -18 :.Mi Hyun Kim, $156,250 68-70-67-69 274 -14 Jeong Jang, $84,376 69-68-68-70 275 -13 Angela Park, $84,376 67-69-69-70 275 -13 Suzann Pettersen, $50,000 71-69-64-72 276 -12 Jee Young Lee, $34,375 '70-70-70-68 278 -10 Paula Creamer, $34,375 67-69-71-71 278 -10 .Stacy Prammanasudh, $28,751 72-70-70-67 279 -9 .Angela Stanford, $26,249 70-66-74-71 281 -7 Sarah Lee, $21,667 72-72-69-69 282 -6 .Seon Hwa Lee, $21,667 73-73-66-70 282 -6 Se Ri Pak, $21,667' 69-71-70-72 282 -6 Morgan Pressel, $18,751 68-72-72-71 283 -5 Cristie Kerr, $17,501 75-66-70-73 284 -4 SMaria Hjorth, $16,249 72-70-71-73 286 -2 Nicole Castrale, $15,000 73-70-75-72 290 +2 Brittany Lincicome, $14,375 + 74-70-72-75 291 +3 Ai M;iazato $13,751 75-68;'67.4 293 +5 Michelle Wie, $13,125 79-79-77-71 306 +18 -Bettina Hauert, $12,499 76-81-74-76 307 +19 PGA-Frys.com Open Par Scores Sunday At Las Vegas Purse: $4 million TPC Summerlin, 7,243 yards par: 72 TPC Canyons, 7,063 yards, par: 71 Final Round George McNeill, $720,000 66-64-67-67 264 -23 D.J. Trahan, $432,000 65-65-72-66 268 -19 'Cameron Beckman, $232,000 65-71-68-68' 272 -15 !Robert Garrigus, $232,000 .71-63-68-70 272 -15 Bob May, $152,000 *63-70-71-69 273 -14 Bo Van Pelt, $152,000 66-69-68-70 273 -14 Jason Gore, $124,667 63-68-73-70 274 -13 Mathias Gronberg, $124,667 69-64-71-70 274 -13 Garrett Willis, $124,667 -68-62-73-71 274 -13 Joe Ogilvie, $96,000 71-65-71-68 275 -12 .Mike Weir, $96,000 69-67-69-70 275 -12 .Mark Wilson, $96,000 66-67-71-71 275 -12 Kent Jones, $96,000 68-67-68-72 275 -12 Tim Herron, $68,000 70-64-76-66 276 -11 Bubba Watson, $68,000 69-67-72-68 276 -11 Mark Calcavecchia, $68,000 69-67-72-68 276 -11 Jesper Parnevik, $68,000 68-69-70-69 276 -11 Phil Tataurangi, $68,000 67-70-68-71 276 -11 Jeff Overton, $54,000 65-71-71-70 277 -10 Kevin Na, $54,000 67-70-69-71 277 -10 Arjun Atwal, $36,533 68-69-72-69 278 -9 Marco Dawson, $36,533 65-70-74-69 278 -9 Mathew Goggin, $36,533 68-67-76-67 278 -9 Bill Haas, $36,533 67-67-74-70 278 -9 Jeff Quinney, $36,533 69-67-72-70 278 -9 Billy Mayfair, $36,533 69-64-72-73 278 -9 Jeff Gove, $36,533 67-67-70-74 278 -9 Stephen Leaney, $36,533 67-68-69-74 278 -9 John Huston, $36,533 66-65-72-75 278 -9 Greg Owen, $23,250 72-66-72-69 279 -8 Carlos Franco, $23,250 68-71-69-71 279 -8 Pat Perez, $23,250 7T-65-73-70 279 -8 Brian Davis, $23,250 70-68-73-68 279 -8 Tom Pernice, Jr., $23,250 69-65-73-72 279 -8 Duffy Waldorf, $23,250 66-68-73-72 279 -8 Steve Lowery, $23,250 66-67-73-73 279 -8 Alex Cejka, $23,250 68-70-75-66 279 -8 Rich Beem, $16,800 64-71-74-71 280 -7 Chris Stroud, $16,800 71-64-74-71 280 -7 For the record On the AIRWAVES TODAY'S SPORTS MLB PLAYOFFS 7 p.m. (13,51 FOX) ALCS Game 3 Boston Red Sox at Cleveland Indians 10 p.m. (TBS) NLCS Game 4 -Arizona Diamondbacks at Colorado Rockies NFL FOOTBALL 8:30 p.m. (ESPN) New York Giants at Atlanta Falcons NHL HOCKEY 7 p.m. (VERSUS) Toronto Maple Leafs at Buffalo Sabres Prep CALENDAR TODAY'S PREP SPORTS BOYS GOLF TBA Lecanto in District 2A-6 Tdumament at TBA TBA Citrus, Crystal River, Seven Rivers in District 1A-9 Tournament at Lexington Oaks GIRLS GOLF 12 p.m. Citrus, Crystal River in District 1A-9 Tournament at Plantation Inn VOLLEYBALL 6 p.m. Lecanto at Seven Rivers Grant Waite, $16,800 66-69-75-70 280 -7 Ben Crane, $16,800 66-67-73-74 280 -7 Michael Boyd, $16,800 66-68-80-66 280 -7 Colt Knost, $16,800 67-69-69-75 280 -7 Daniel Chopra, $12,093 66-70-73-72 281 -6 Bryce Molder, $12,093 70-69-72-70 281 -6 Bill Lunde, $12,093 69-68-71-73 281 -6 Craig Lile, $12,093 66-72-75-68 281 -6 Darron Stiles, $12,093 72-67-74-68 281 -6 John Daly, $12,093 74-63-77-67 281 -6 Jason Dufner, $9,740 66-70-73-73 282 -5 Ken Duke, $9,740 70-65-73-74 282 -5 Frank Lickliter II, $9,740 69-69-73-71 282 -5 Gavin Coles, $9,740 69-65-79-69 282 -5 Mark Brooks, $9,120 69-68-73-73 283 -4 Kevin Sutherland, $9,120 71-67-72-73 283 -4 Jarrod Lyle, $9,120 70-66-76-71 283 -4 Ryuji Imada, $9,120 67-71-74-71 283 -4 Ryan Moore, $9,120 68-69-76-70 283 -4 Nick Watney, $8,800 67-65-76-76 284 -3 Brian Gay, $8,800 68-70-75-71 284 -3 Steve Wheatcroft, $8,800 68-71-76-69 284 -3 Kirk Triplett, $8,520 68-71-69-77 285 -2 Shigeki Maruyama, $8,520 69-68-75-73 285 -2 Glen Day, $8,520 69-70-76-70 285 -2 Will MacKenzie, $8,520 67-71-78-69 285 -2 J.P. Hayes, $8,200 69-69-75-73 286 -1 Ryan Armour, $8,200 68-68-79-71 286 -1 Jay Williamson, $8,200 69-70-76-71 286 -1 Bart Bryant, $8,200 70-69-80-67 286 -1 Matt Hendrix, $7,960 69-66-76-76 287 E Ted Purdy, $7,960 69-69-74-75 287 E Billy Andrade, $7,800 73-65-74-76 288 +1 Brendon de Jonge, $7,800 66-73-74-75 288 +1 Chad Campbell, $7,640 75-63-77-74 289 +2 Paul Trittler, $7,640 67-71-78-73 289 +2 Daisuke Maruyama, $7,400 67-7-76-80 290 +3 Richard Green, $7,400 71-66-79-74 290 +3 Michael Allen, $7,400 67-70-80-73 290 +3 Jeff Brehaut, $7,400 66-73-79-72 290 +3 Kevin Stadler, $7,120 69-70-73-79 291 +4 Brent Geiberger, $7,120 69-70-76-76 291 +4 Andres Gonzales, $7,120 68-71-77-75 291 +4 Jacd Van Zyl, $6,960 70-69-80-73 292 +5 Champions-Administaff Small Business Classic Sunday At Augusta Pines Golf Club Spring, Texas Purse: $1.7 million Yardage: 7,003 Par: 72 Final Round Bernhard Langer, $255,000 62-65-64 191 -25 Mark O'Meara, $149,600 67-64-68 199 -17 Tom Kite, $122,400 66-65-69 200 -16 Jay Haas, $91,800 69-66-67 202 -14 Lonnie Nielsen, $91,800 67-67-68 202 -14 Don Pooley, $52,700 68-69-66 203 -13 Mark James, $52,700 68-68-67 203 -13 Ben Crenshaw, $52,700 70-65-68 203 -13 Andy Bean, $52,700 67-67-69 203 -13 Tom Jenkins, $52,700 66-68-69 203 -13 Tom Purtzer, $52,700 69-65-69 203 -13 Jerry Pate, $35,700 67-68-69 204 -12 Jeff Sluman, $35,700 66-68-70 204 -12 Denis Watson, $29,750 72-66-67 205 -11 D.A. Weibring, $29,750 69-68-68 205 -11 Chip Beck, $29,750 69-68-68 205 -11 David Eger, $29,750 69-67-69 205 -11 Fred Funk, $23,248 70-69-67 206 -10 Mark McNulty, $23,248 66-71-69 206 -10 Gil Morgan, $23,248 70-68-68 206 -10 Fuzzy Zoeller, $23,248 67-69-70 206 -10 Tom McKnight, $19,210 69-70-68 207 -9 Jim Thorpe, $19,210 68-66-73 207 -9 Scott Simpson, $15,194 72-72-64 208 -8 Hale Irwin, $15,194 68-72-68 208 -8 John Jacobs, $15,194 69-71-68 208 -8 Tom Wargo, $15,194 67-72-69 208 -8 Mark Wiebe, $15,194 68-70-70 208 -8 Keith Fergus, $15,194 69-69-70 208 -8 Bob Gilder, $15,194 67-68-73 208 -8 Bruce Fleisher, $15,194 71-65-72 208 -8 Vicente Fernandez, $11,475 70-73-66 209 -7 Dan Pohl, $11,475 70-70-69 209 -7 Dave Stockton, $11,475 68-70-71 209 -7 Eduardo Romero, $11,475 67-70-72 209 -7 Dana Quigley, $9,384 71-71-68 210 -6 John Cook, $9,384 69-72-69 210 -6 Pat McDonald, $9,384 69-72-69 210 -6 Danny Edwards, $9,384 70-70-70 210 -6 Mike McCullough, $9,384 70-69-71 210 -6 Joe Ozaki, $7,650 71-74-66 211 -5 Ddnnie Hammond, $7,650 71-72-68 211 -5 Dick Mast, $7,650 70-72-69 211 -5 Gary McCord, $7,650 74-68-69 211 -5 Bruce Vaughan, $7,650 68-73-70 211 -5 Tim Simpson, $5,950 70-72-70 212 -4 Rod Spittle, $5,950 69-71-72 212 -4 Des Smyth, $5,950 69-71-72 212 -4 Bruce Lietzke, $5,950 70-70-72 212 -4 John Ross, $5,950 66-73-73 212 -4 Bruce Summerhays, $4,590 73-71-69 213 -3 Craig Stadler, $4,590 66-73-74 213 -3 Ed Dougherty, $4,590 68-71-74 213 -3 Bobby Wadkins, $3,740 75-69-70 214 -2 John McGough, $3,740 73-71-70 214 -2 Wayne Grady, $3,740 69-72-73 214 -2 Wayne Levi, $3,740 68-70-76 214 -2 Perry Arthur, $3,740 68-70-76 214 -2 Dave Eichelberger, $2,890 71-73-71 215 -1 Lanny Wadkins, $2,890 69-74-72 215 -1 John Harris, $2,890 69-73-73 215 -1 David Edwards, $2,890 68-74-73 215 -1 Mike Reid, $2,890 72-69-74 215 -1 Lindy Miller, $2,295 73-70-73 216 E Hugh Baiocchi, $2,295 70-72-74 216 E Mark Johnson, $1,802 72-77-68 217 +1 Morris Hatalsky, $1,802 75-75-67 217 +1 Walter Hall, $1,802 73-72-72 217 +1 Alien Doyle, $1,802 73-72-72 217 +1 Jim Dent, $1,445 73-74-71 218 +2 Phil Blackmar, $1,445 73-69-76 218 +2 Jim Albus, $1,241 76-73-70 219 +3 Graham Marsh, $1,241 72-72-75 219 +3 Harry Taylor, $1,122 74-75-73 222 +6 Massy Kuramoto, $1,054 80-73-70 223 +7 Dale Douglass, $952 79-74-73 226 +10 Bill Rogers, $952 76-73-77 226 +10 COLLEGE FOOTBALL BCS Standings 1. Ohio State 2. South Florida 3. Boston College 4. LSU 5. Oklahoma 6. South Carolina 7. Kentucky 8. Arizona St. 9. West Virginia 10. Oregon 11. Virginia Tech 12. California 13. Kansas 14. Southern Cal 15. Florida 16. Missouri 17. Auburn 18. Hawaii 19. Virginia 20. Georgia 21. Tennessee 22. Texas 23. Cincinnati 24. Texas Tech 25. Michigan Harris Pts 2845 2508 2650 2303 2503 2009 1759 1697 1926 1974 1638 1894 1200 1915 1458 1053 667 1198 240 528 420 786 369 459 229 Computer Rankings AH RBCM KM JS PW 1. Ohio State 23 25 22 19 19 19 2. South Florida 25 24 25 25 25 25 3. Boston College 20 21 19 23 21 20 4. LSU 22 22 23 24 24 24 5. Oklahoma 12 14 15 12 14 15 6. South Carolina 21 20 20 22 23 23 7. Kentucky 18 23 21 21 22 21 8. Arizona State 24 17 24 20 17 22 9. West Virginia 10 19 11 17 18 18 10. Oregon 17 8 18 14 8 11 11. Virginia Tech 11 16 17 18 16 17 12. California 16 13 12 11 12 10 13. Kansas 19 1 16 15 20 16 14. SouthernCal 8 18 0 1 0 0 15. Florida 6 12 8 10 7 3 The AP Top 25 The Top 25 teams in The Associated Press college football poll, with first-place votes in parentheses, records through Oct. 13, total points based on 25 points for a first-place vote through one point for a 25th-place vote, and previous ranking: Record Pts Pvs - AUTO RACING NASCAR-Nextel Cup-Bank of America 500 Results Saturday At Lowe's Motor Speedway .Concord, N.C Lap length: 1.5 miles (Start position in parentheses) 1. (4) J.Gordon, Chevy, 337 laps, 125.868 mph, $268,236. 2. (25) C. Bowyer, Chevy, 337, $202,450. 3. (13) Ky. Busch, Chevy, 337, $153,300. 4. (27) J. Burton, Chevy, 337, $157,341. 5. (18) C. Edwards, Ford, 337, $127,800. 6. (34) D..Blaney, Toyota, 337, $132,208. 7. (29) T. Stewart, Chevy, 337, $135,111. 8. (5) K. Kahne, Dodge, 337, $136,616. 9. (28) D. Stremme, Dodge, 337, $83,800. 10. (19) M. Waltrip, Toyota, 337, $95,733. 11. (33) R. Rudd, Ford, 337, $112,083. 12. (3) B. Labonte, Dodge, 337, $117,461. 13. (39) J.J. Yeley, Chevy, 337, $104,233. 14. (2) J. Johnson, Chevy, 337, $167,586. 1-5. (30)AJ Allmend., Toyota, 337, $69,250. 16. (12) M. Martin, Chevy, 337, $84,550. 17. (32) M. Tluex Jr., Chevy, 337, $96,645. 18. (42) K. Petty, Dodge, 337, $84,558. 19. (22) Eamhardt Jr., Chevy, 337, $111,058. 20. (11) D. Hamlin, Chevy, 337, $87,200. 21. (9) C. Mears, Chevy, 336, $83,025. 22. (17) P. Menard, Chevy, 336, $68,350. 23. (23) J. Sauter, Chevy, 336, $67,950. 24. (6) J. McMurray, Ford, 336, $80,750. 25. (21) D. Gilliland, Ford, 335, $94,989. 26. (8) Ku. Busch, Dodge, 335, $102,383. 27. (10) G Biffle, Ford, 334, $82,350. 28. (1) R. Newman, Dodge, accident, 333, $122,775. 29. (20) D. Reutimann, Toyota, 333, $77,808. 30. (26) R. Sorenson, Dodge, 333, $83,972. 31. (41) T. Raines, Chevy, 331, $73,525. 32. (37) J. Green, Chevy, 330, $70,525. 33. (24) K. Harvick, Chevy, 330, $112,086. 34. (7) M. Kenseth, Ford, accident, 282, $115,516. 35. (35) Bill Elliott, Ford, 282, $81,339. 36. (14) S. Riggs, Dodge, accident, 278, $69,950. 37. (36) J. Montoya, Dodge, accident, 273, $96,400. 38. (40) R. Gordon, Ford, 270, $61,700. 39. (38) J. Mayfield, Toyota, vibration, 253, $61,575. 40. (31) D. Ragan, Ford, 231, $97,275. 41. (16) E. Sadler, Dodge, 228, $79,650. 42. (43) J. Andretti, Dodge, accident, 205, $61,180. 43. (15)W.Burton, Chevrolet, engine, 83, $61,343. Race Statistics Time of Race: 4 hours, 58 seconds. Margin of Victory: .579 seconds. Caution Flags: 15 for 60 laps. Lead Changes: 26 among 11 drivers. Lap Leaders: R.Newman 1-9; J.McMurray 10-16; J.Johnson 17-22; K.Petty 23-24; R.Gordon 25; M.Kenseth 26; J.McMurray 27-46; J.Johnson 47-68; D.Blaney 69; Ku.Busch 70-73; M.Kenseth 74-89; J.Johnson 90-119; M.Kenseth 120- 134; Ku.Busch 135; J.Johnson 136-138; C.Bowyer 139-143; Ku.Busch 144-151; J.Johnson 152-159; C.Bowyer 160-185; J.Johnson 186-211; J.Gordon 212-224; C.Bowyer 225-272; J.Gordon 273-280; Ky.Busch 281-284; J.Gordon 285-329; R.Newman 330-331; J.Gordon 332-337. Leaders Summary (Driver, Times Lead, Laps Led): J.Johnson 6 times for 95 laps; C.Bowyer 3 times for 79 laps; J.Gordon 4 times for 72 laps; M.Kenseth 3 times for 32 laps; J.McMurray 2 times for 27 laps; Ku.Busch 3 times for 13 laps; R.Newman 2 times for 11 laps; Ky.Busch 1 time for 4 laps; K.Petty 1 time for 2 laps; D.Blaney 1 time for 1 lap; R.Gordon 1 time for 1 lap. Point Standings: 1, J.Gordon, 5,880; 2, J.Johnson, 5,812; 3, C.Bowyer, 5,802; 4, T.Stewart, 5,682; 5, C.Edwards, 5,640; 6, Ky.Busch, 5,600; 7, Ku.Busch, 5,565; 8, K.Harvick, 5,552; 9, D.Hamlin, 5,531; 10, J.Burton, 5,514; 11, M.Truex Jr., 5,502; 12, M.Kenseth, 5,438. Pct Rk 0.9982 1 0.8800 3 0.9298 2 0.8081 5 0.8782 4 0.7049 8 0.6172 13 0.5954 12 0.6758 7 0.6926 6 0.5747 11 0.6646 t9 0.4211 15 0.6719 t9 0.5116 14 0.3695 17 0.2340 19 0.4204 16 0.0842 24 0.1853 20 0.1474 22 0.2758 18 0.1295 23 0.1611 21 0.0804 26 16. Missouri 17. Auburn 18. Hawaii 19. Virginia 20. Georgia 21. Tennessee 22. Texas 23. Cincinnati 24. Texas Tech 25. Michigan USA Today Pts 1495 1320 1383 1173 1288 997 874 936 1007 1077 982 983 705 983 726 519 372 558 184 282 193 396 192 232 127 15 5 10 14 11 13 1 0 0 6 13 0 14 1 9 2 7 7 10 5 0 0.0 3 0 9 0 0 0 0 15 2 Pct 0.9967 0.8800 0.9220 0.7820 0.8587 0.6647 0.5827 0.6240 0.6713 0.7180 0.6547 0.6553 0.4700 0.6553 0.4840 0.3460 0.2480 0.3720 0.1227 0.1880 0.1287 0.2640 0.1280 0.1547 0.0847 11 13 15 9 0 14 10 12 98 8 13 7 0 0 1 6 0 2 0 0 Explanation Key Team percentages are derived by divid- ing a team's actual voting points by a max- imum 2850 possible points in the Harris Interactive Poll and 1500 possible points in the USA Today Coaches Poll. Six computer rankings calculated in USA Today Top 25 Poll The Top 25 teams in the USA Today col- lege football coaches poll, with first-place votes in parentheses, records through Oct. 13, total points based on 25 points for a first-place vote through one point for a 25th-place vote, and previous ranking: Record Pts Pvs BASKETBALL National Basketball Association Preseason Glance EASTERN CONFERENCE Atlantic Division W L Pct GB Boston 2 01.000 - New Jersey 1 01.000 1/ New York 1 01.000 /2 Toronto 0 1 .000 1%/ Philadelphia 0 3 .000 2'/ Southeast Division Washington Atlanta Orlando Charlotte Miami W L Pct 3 01.000 3 1 .750 2 1 .667 1 2 .333 0 4 .000 Central Division W L Pct Indiana 2 01.000 - Milwaukee 2 1 .667 % Detroit 2 2 .500 1 Chicago 1 1 .500 1 Cleveland 1 2 .333 1% WESTERN CONFERENCE Southwest Division W L Pct GB New Orleans 2 1 .667 - Dallas 1 2 .333 1 Memphis 0 0 .000 1/ Houston 0 1 .000 1 San Antonio 0 1 .000 1 Northwest Division W L Pct GB Denver 2 1 .667 - Portland 2 1 .667 - Utah 2 1 .667 - Seattle 1 2 .333 1 Minnesota 0 1 .000 1 Pacific Division W L Pct GB Golden State 2 01.000 - Phoenix 1 1 .500 1 Sacramento 1 1 .500 1 L.A. Clippers 0 2 .000 2 L.A. Lakers 0 2 .000 2 Saturday's Games Charlotte 92, Miami 76 Washington 90, Dallas 86 Indiana 97, Seattle 87 Utah 92, Milwaukee 78 San Antonio 113, Panathinaikos 91 New Orleans 111, Phoenix 106 Sunday's Games Portland 102, Atlanta 89 Detroit 109, Denver 106 Washington 86, Philadelphia 80 L.A. Clippers at Golden State, late Monday's Games New Jersey at Charlotte, 7 p.m. Minnesota at Memphis, 8 p.m. Indiana at New Orleans, 8 p.m. Utah at Phoenix, 10 p.m. Zalgiris Kaunas at Golden State, 10:30 p.m. Tuesday's Games Minnesota at Atlanta, 7 p.m. Denver vs. Milwaukee at Resch Center, 8 p.m. Washington at Chicago, 8:30 p.m. Dallas vs. Sacramento at Las Cruces, N.M., 9 p.m. MOVES Weekend Sports Transactions BASEBALL National League CINCINNATI REDS-Named Dusty Baker manager and agreed to terms on a three-year contract. PHILADELPHIA PHILLES-Signed Jimy Williams, bench coach; Rich Dubee, pitch- ing coach; Milt Thompson, hitting coach; Davey Lopes, first-base coach; Steve Smith, third-base coach; Ramon Henderson, bullpen coach; and Mick Billmeyer, catching instructor, for the 2008 season. Computer Rk Pct t5 0.830 1 1.000 7 0.820 2 0.930 11 0.550 3 0.860 4 0.850 t5 0.830 10 0.640 13 0.500 t8 0.660 t14 0.480 t8 0.660 23 0.090 t17 0.310 16 0.430 12 0.530 25 0.060 t14 0.480 19 0.300 t17 0.310 NR 0.000 22 0.100 NR 0.000 24 0.070 Avg 0.9416 0.9200 0.8906 0.8400 0.7623 0.7432 0.6833 0.6831 0.6624 0.6369 0.6298 0.6000 0.5170 0.4724 0.4352 0.3818 0.3373 0.2841 0.2290 0.2244 0.1953 0.1799 0.1192 0.1052 0.0783 BCP- Pu. inverse points order (25 for No. 1, 24 for No. 2, etc.) are used to determine the over- all computer component. The highest and lowest ranking for each team is dropped, and the remaining four are added and divided by 100 (the maximum possible points) to produce a Computer Rankings Percentage. The six computer ranking providers ate Anderson & Hester, Richard BillingsCEy, Colley Matrix, Kenneth Massey, J Sagarin, and Peter Wolfe. Each computer ranking accounts for schedule strength-Wl its formula. * The BCS Average is calculated by avel- aging the percent totals of the Haite Interactive, USA Today Coaches ar Computer polls. Harris Top 25 The Top 25 teams in the first Harris Interactive College Football Poll, with first- place votes in parentheses, record through Oct. 13, total points based on 25 points for a first-place vote through on0 point for a 25th-place vote and previous ranking: . Record Pts Ps 1. Ohio State (110) 7-0 2,845 ."3 2. Boston College 7-0 2,650 -.: 3. South Florida (2) 6-0 2,508 '4 4. Oklahoma 6-1 2,503 - 5. LSU (1) 6-1 2,303 '.1 6. South Carolina 6-1 2,009 '9 7. Oregon /5-1 1,974 1 8. West Virginia 5-1 1,926 "6 9. USC 5-1 1,915 7 10. California 5-1 1,894 -2 11. Kentucky 6-1 1,759 8 12. Arizona State (1) 7-0 1,697 14 13. Virginia Tech 6-1 1,638 12 14. Florida 4-2 1,458 13 15. Kansas .' 6-0 1,200 20 16. Hawaii 7-0 1,198 16 17. Missouri' 5-1 1,053 11 18. Texas 5-2 786 21 19. Auburn 5-2 667 25 20. Georgia 5-2 528 23 21. Texas Tech 6-1 459 NR 22. Tennessee 4-2 420 NR 23. Cincinnati 6-1 369 17 24. Virginia 6-1 240 NR 25. Michigan 5-2 229 NR Northern League NL-Announced Calgary and Edmonton left the league. BASKETBALL National Basketball Association GOLDEN STATE WARRIORS-Waived F Carlos Powell. NEW JERSEY NETS-Waived F Rod Benson. NEW YORK KNICKS-Waived G Roderick Wilmont. FOOTBALL National Football League NFL-Fined Tennessee DE Kyle Vanden Bosch $7,500 for a low hit on Atlanta QB Joey Harrington in an Oct. 7 game. ATLANTA FALCONS-Waived DE Josh Mallard. Signed LB Travis Williams from the practice squad. HOCKEY National Hockey League EDMONTON OILERS-Assigned C Robert Nilsson and LW Jean-Francois Jacques to Springfield (AHL). Recalled C Rob Schremp and F Zack Stortini from Springfield. OTTAWA SENATORS-Assigned D Mattias Karlsson and G Brian Elliott to Binghamton (AHL). American Hockey League SPRINGFIELD FALCONS-Recalled D Theo Peckham from Stockton'(ECHL). ECHL AUGUSTA LYNX-Released G A.J. Bucchino and F Geoff Rollins. BAKERSFIELD CONDORS-Released F Pontus Moren. COLLEGE INDIANA-Announced Kelvin Sampson, men's basketball coach, will forfeit a scheduled $500,000 raise and the team will lose a scholarship for exceeding NCAA limits on calls to recruits. OP- w- g9, L re th 1 f( re C. re f( re te si o K N, tc a y,- c., o re g6 a F C S re P, ,e: tir eigh> cc) I 500 mo C.) %4- .M~ cc) MONDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2007 30 SPcirr C COUNTY (FL) Cano s NATINALFOOTALLLEAGE Cnai COUTYFL) HROICL - - NFL BOXES Vikings 34, Bears 31 NFL BOXES Buccaneers 13, Titans 10 Tennessee 0 0 3 7- 10 Tampa Bay 0 3 7 3 13 Second Quarter TB-FG Bryant 23, 6:07. Third Quarter Ten-FG Bironas 48, 7:52. TB-Galloway 69 pass from Garcia (Bryant kick), 2:29. Fourth Quarter Ten-White 2 run (Bironas kick), 1:17. TB-FG Bryant 43, :11. A-65,347 First downs Total Net Yards Rushes-yards Passing Punt Returns Kickoff Returns Interceptions Ret. Comp-Att-lnt Sacked-Yards Lost Punts Fumbles-Lost Penalties-Yards Time of Possession Ten 20 317 33-96 221 3-16 4-82 0-0 21-34-1 3-24 5-40.6 2-2 8-49 37:37 TB 13 304 15-30 274 3-12 1-33 1-(-1) 20-31-0 0-0 6-44.3 1-1 4-25 22:23 INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING-Tennessee, White 25-64, C.Brown 5-26, Young 3-6. Tampa Bay, Graham 13-29, Garcia 2-1. PASSING-Tennessee, Collins 10-20-0- 125, Young 11-14-1-120. Tampa Bay, Garcia 20-31-0-274. RECEIVING-Tennessee, Moulds 6-49, R.Williams 5-44, Gage 4-82, Scaife 3-45, White 2-9, Hartsock 1-16. Tampa Bay, Graham 6-17, Galloway 4-97, Hilliard 4-59, Askew 3-33, Clayton 2-53, Smith 1-15. MISSED FIELD GOALS-None. Browns 41, Dolphins 31 Miami 3 7 14 7 31 Cleveland 14 13 0 14 41 First Quarter Cle-J.Wright 1 run (Dawson kick), 12:46. Mia-FG Feely 43, 6:17. Cle-Anderson 1 run (Dawson kick), :09. Second Quarter Cle-FG Dawson 40, 8:50. SCle-Edwards 24 pass from Anderson (Dawson kick), 6:13. Mia-Martin 14 pass from Lemon (Feely kick), 1:03. Cle-FG Dawson 20, :00. Third Quarter Mia-Lemon 5 run (Feely kick), 7:57. Mia-Lemon 1 run (Feely kick), 2:44. Fourth Quarter Cle-Edwards 5 pass from Anderson (Dawson kick), 10:51. Cle-Edwards 16 pass from Anderson (Dawson kick), 4:34. Mia-Martin 4 pass from Lemon (Feely kick), 1:34. A-73,198 Mia First downs 24 Total Net Yards 356 Rushes-yards 23-110 Passing 246 Punt Returns 1-10 Kickoff Returns 7-132 Interceptions Ret. 0-0 Comp-Att-Int 24-43-2 Sacked-Yards Lost 2-10 Punts 3-49.3 Fumbles-Lost 0-0 Penalties-Yards 8-90 Time of Possession 29:38 Cle 24 384 35-140 244 2-19 5-141 2-26 18-25-0 1-1 2-34.5 2-1 5-32 30:22 INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING-Miami, Brown 19-101, Lemon 4-9. Cleveland, J.Wright 20-59, Harrison 8-57, Anderson 5-13, Vickers 1-7, Cribbs 1-4. PASSING-Miami, Lemon 24-43-2-256. Cleveland, Anderson 18-25-0-245. RECEIVING-Miami, Brown 9-69, Chambers 6-73, Hagan 3-30, Martin 3-18, M.Booker 2-34, Ginr Jr. 1-32. Cleveland, Winslow 5-90, Edwards 5-67, J.Wright 3- 39, Jurevicius 3-28, Harrison 1-15, Vickers 1-6. MISSED FIELD GOALS-None. Jaguars 37, Texans 17 Houston 3 3 3 8- 17 Jacksonville 0 10 6 21 37 First Quarter Hou-FG K.Brown 20, 10:24. Second Quarter .Hou-FG K.Brown 35, 9:38. Jac-Wrighster 1 pass from Garrard (Carney kick), 3:51. Jac-FG Carney 37, :59. Third Quarter Jac-R.Williams 9 pass from Garrard (kick blocked), 8:17. Hou-FG K.Brown 33, 1:40. Fourth Quarter Jac-Jones-Drew 7 run (Camey kick), 13:11. Jac-Smith 77 fumble return (Carney kick), 8:55. Jac-Jones-Drew 57 run (Carney kick), 5:48. *Hou-Leach 1 pass from Rosenfels (Gado rush), :29. A-63,715 Hou First downs 23 Total Net Yards 390 Rushes-yards 24-61 Passing 329 Punt Returns 0-0 Kickoff Returns 6-82 Interceptions Ret. 0-0 Comp-Att-Int 30-43-1 Sacked-Yards Lost 2-12 Punts 2-44.5 Fumbles-Lost 2-2 Penalties-Yards 8-58 Time of Possession 30:40 Jac 25 457 26-244 213 1-0 4-76 1-0 22-34-0 1-8 0-0.0 3-3 3-28 29:20 INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING-Houston, Green 16-44, Gado 4-15, Schaub 2-6, Rosenfels 1-1, Walter 1-(minus 5). Jacksonville, Jones- Drew 12-125, Taylor 6-90, Garrard 5-26, G.Jones 2-4, Gray 1-(minus 1). PASSING-Houston, Schaub 19-31-1- 259, Rosenfels 11-12-0-82. Jacksonville, Garrard 22-34-0-221. RECEIVING-Houston, Walter 12-160, Daniels 5-79, D.Anderson 3-33, Davis 3- 30, Gado 3-26, Green 2-4, Dreessen 1-8, Leach 1-1. Jacksonville, R.Williams 5-38, Jones-Drew 4-59, Northcutt 4-46, M.Jones 3-18, Lewis 2-30, G.Jones 1-27, Wilford 1- 4, Wrighster 1-1, Taylor 1-(minus 2). MISSED FIELD GOALS-Jacksonville, Carney 42 (WR). to 0 -mo -0 w A 4m.C 0 C - _ - - - - --a -- a - - - C - -- 4;- - 0--m 4"m 4 owm 0 4w o 40 --"C 'COpyrighted Material " 4000 - Syndicated Content -_. Available from Commercial News Providers" ,- * - . - * - -w w - 4p a- 41b * rs S -gob -~d doom~ - S a 0 a 4 S - - a. - 4 -w 4w-- dW a - - 1 -N. 10. m . a 4 - o 41a- 4b .00 b - - 40 a -ft - 4w - blast 'exana, 37o17 o.- M. -s -e a . - mm - o b a b &- - qpw I:'- -- - -c a - (-J-0 how Sa - ii.. a.- a ~ -~ - "5 -- (. a 0w a - (I- - 1 - I *-. a~ - - -4b.- 40 401, S4-- w 4. - - 0 - u-a -- 1 -- - a - Minnesota Chicago 7 7 713--34 7 7 017-31 First Quarter Chi-Hester 89 punt return (Gould kick), 1:56. Miri-Williamson 60 pass from Jackson (Longwell kick), :00. Second Quarter Chi-Berrian 39 pass from Griee> (Gould kick), 11:45. Min-Peterson 67 run (Longwell kick), 2:19. Third Quarter Min-Peterson 73 run (Longwell kick), 2:31. Fourth Quarter Min-FG Longwell 48, 11:31. Chi-FG Gould 32, 8:37. Min-Peterson 35 run (Longwell kick), 4:10. Chi-Muhammad 33 pass from Griesq (Gould kick), 2:36. : Chi-Hester 81 pass from Griese (Gould kick), 1:38. Min-FG Longwell 55, :00. A-62,174. Min Chi First downs 16 Total Net Yards 444 4 Rushes-yards 43-311 24-83 Passing 133 375 Punt Returns 0-0 4-108 Kickoff Returns 6-158 6-120 Interceptions Ret. 2-0 OE- Comp-Att-lnt 9-23-0 26-45L2 Sacked-Yards Lost 1-3 1 ' Punts 9-42.3 6-41.3 Fumbles-Lost 1-0 2-2 Penalties-Yards 2-10 4-28 Time of Possession 31:19 28:41 INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS :. RUSHING-Minnesota, Peterson 20- 224, Taylor 22-83, Richardson 1-3 Chicago, Benson 18-67, Peterson 2-11, McKie 1-6, Griese 1-1, Wolfe 1-1, Hester 1-(minus 3). PASSING-Minnesota, Jackson 9-23-0- 136. Chicago, Griese 26-45-2-381. RECEIVING-Minnesota, Wade 3-3Q Williamson 2-69, Ferguson 2-15, Rice.,- 13, Peterson 1-9. Chicago, Berrian 5-78, Olsen 5-63, Peterson 5-28, Clark 3-48, Muhammad 2-44, Benson 2-18, Davis 2- 12, Hester 1-81, Bradley 1-9. MISSED FIELD GOALS-None. Chiefs 27, Bengals 20 Cincinnati 7 0 0 13 '20 Kansas City 10 10 0 7 '27 First Quarter KC-FG Rayner 32, 9:39. Cin-Houshmandzadeh 42 pass from Palmer (Graham kick), 7:39. KC-Gonzalez 3 pass from Huard (Rayner kick), :53. Second Quarter KC-L.Johnson 8 run (Rayner kickT, 6:27. KC-FG Rayner 20, :00. Fourth Quarter Cin-FG Graham 33, 13:54. KC-Gonzalez 26 pass from HuaFd (Rayner kick), 8:03. . Cin-Houshmandzadeh 30 pass from Palmer (Grah&m kick), 5:03. Cin-FG Graham 36, :18. A-76,846. First downs Total Net Yards Rushes-yards 121 Passing Punt Returns Kickoff Returns Interceptions Ret. Comp-Att-lnt 35-0 Sacked-Yards Lost Punts 46.6 Fumbles-Lost Penalties-Yards Cin kC 22 20 373 354 18-78 34- 295 263 4-14 4-37 4-75 2-46 0-0 2-23 26-43-2 25; -1( 4-25 5-M1 6-45.2 1;r 1-1 2-2 6-59 9-5 Time of Possession 24:50 35:,10 '.v INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING-Cincinnati, Watson 13-68, R.Johnson 4-8, Palmer 1-2. Kansas City, L.Johnson 31-119, Bennett 2-3, Huard lr (minus 1). PASSING--Cincinnati, Palmer 26-43-2- 320. Kansas City, Huard 25-35-0-264. -, REC E IVING Cinci n nat i, Houshmandzadeh 8-145, C.Johnson 8-83, Kelly 3-45, Watson 3-14, Chatman 2-~9, Green 1-7, Holt 1-7. Kansas City, Gonzalez 9-102, Webb 7-78, Bowe 4-46, L.Johnson 2-24, Bennett 2-6, Parker 1-8. MISSED FIELD GOALS-None. Eagles 16, Jets 9 Philadelphia 7 3 6 0 16 N.Y. Jets 3 3 0 3- - First Quarter NY-FG Nugent 30, 11:47. Phi-Curtis 75 pass from McNabb (Akers kick), 10:09. Second Quarter Phi-FG Akers 22, 14:52. NY-FG Nugent 21, 12:43. Third Quarter Phi-FG Akers, 31, 8:37. Phi--FG Akers, 25, 1:40. Fourth Quarter NY-FG Nugent 30, 9:28. A-77,189. Phi NY First downs 20 15 Total Net Yards 413 267i Rushes-yards 28-151 32-158 Passing 262 109; Punt Returns 1-32 1-151 Kickoff Returns 2-35 3-112, Interceptions Ret. 1-0 1-1!1 Comp-Att-lnt 22-35-111-21-1, Sacked-Yards Lost 3-16 3-19 Punts 2-47.0 3-37.3. Fumbles-Lost 0-0 0-t Penalties-Yards 2-14 0-b Time of Possession 31:56 28:04' INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING-Philadelphia, Westbrook 20-120, Buckhalter 4-23, Hunt 2-5, McNabb 2-3. N.Y. Jets, T.Jones 24-130, Cotchery 1-14, L.Washington 2-8, B.Smith 1-4, Pennington 4-2. PASSING-Philadelphia, McNabb 22-36- 1-278. N.Y Jets, Pennington 11-21-1-128. RECEIVINGPhiladelphia, R.Brown 6- 89, Westbrook 6-36, Curtis 5-121, Celek 2- 14, L.Smith 1-8, Baskett 1-6, Schobel 14. N.Y. Jets, Cotchery 5-71, Baker 2-12, Coles 1-27, T.Jones 1-11, L.Washington 1- 5, B.Smith 1-2. MISSED FIELD GOALS-Philadelphia, Akers 41 (WR), 41 (WR). N.Y. Jets, Nugent 44 (WR). a -~ ~em. am Nam G 49 00 S -I -"Mm ~ ~ I * aS um mm M C W w 0 1 a. a, a. a.- a. 5- - a O~rsCoUNTY (FL) CHRONICI.E Mt)NI-JAV C)c'rom.it 15. 2007 *I IV T'4kT(:ONAL JFcOc3rBtULL Eu.AGUE 't "- * - o - q uw -bdd .4 b MD - * . 1 - q. . o 1 * o . * S -. dwm 1 4 Cirss CoNIY(FL)CHROICI NATONALFOORATI TEAiTT MONAY. CTOER-1,-207 5 NFL BOXES Packers 17, Redskins 14 Washington 7 7 0 0 14 ieen Bay 7 010 0 17 First Quarter GB-Wynn 3 run (Crosby kick), 8:16. Was-J.Campbell 6 run (Suisham kick), 3:43. Second Quarter Was-Cooley 14 pass from J.Campbell Suisham kick), 1:11. Third Quarter >GB-FG Crosby 37, 3:03. GB-Woodson 57 fumble return (Crosby kick), 2:05. ,A-70,761. Was GB Firct downs 18 13 Total Net Yards ~t'shes-yards Passing POnt Returns Kickoff Returns interceptions Ret. Comp-Att-lnt Sacked-Yards Lost Punts fumnbles-Lost Penalties-Yards tne of Possession 304 29-94 210 1-4 4-109 2-11 21-37-1 3-7 8-40.8 4-2 7-53 32:48 225 20-56 169 6-7 3-43 1-0 19-37-2 2-19 8-42.1 4-0 4-35 27:12 S INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS ;RUSHING-Washington, Portis 20-64, sellers 3-14, Betts 3-10, Campbell 2-6, Mpss 1-0. Green Bay, Wynn 13-37, Morency 4-11, Favre 3-8. i PASSING-Washington, Campbell 21- 07-1-217. Green Bay, Favre 19-37-2-188. .S5RECEIVING-Washington, Cooley 9- 105, Portis 3-25, Betts 3-21, Randle El 2- 30, McCardell 2-30, Yoder 1-5, Sellers 1- f-'Green Bay, Driver 5-38, Morency 5-23, Lbe 3-75, Jennings 3-20, Hall 2-14, Martin 44.rt8. '~MlSSED FIELD GOALS-Green Bay, Crosby 46 (WL), 38 (WL). Ravens 22, Rams 3 - Louis 0 0 3 0- 3 6ialtimore 3 10 3 6- 22 SFirst Quarter .Bal-FG Stover 43, 1:46. Second Quarter Bal-FG Stover 42, 13:24. Bal-McGahee 6 run (Stover kick), 4:13. Third Quarter 0,Bal-FG Stover 23, 12:11. -,StL-FG Wilkins 32, 6:44. Fourth Quarter Bal-FG Stover 31, 14:57. -,Pal-FG Stover 36, 11:06. A-71,175. StL Bal First downs 14 14 Total Net Yards 264 248 Rushes-yards 27-67 31-77 Passing 197 171 Punt Returns 2-22 0-0 Kickoff Returns 5-112 1-54 interceptions Ret. 1-0 5-41 Comp-Att-Int 19-36-5 18-30-1 acked-Yards Lost 4-11 2-13 Punts 2-44.0 5-50.8 Fumbles-Lost 1-1 2-1 Penalties-Yards 7-63 8-40 Tine of Possession 29:07 30:53 INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS .,USHING-St. Louis, Minor 7-40, Leonard 12-18, Pittman 5-11, Frerotte 1-2, Hagans 2-(minus 4). Baltimore, McGahee 2~1, Boiler 2-6, M.Smith 2-5, McClain 1- gAnderson 1-2. -;PASSING-St. Louis, Frerotte 19-36-5- 208. Baltimore, Boiler 18-30-1-184. RECEIVING-St. Louis, Hagans 5-74, By'rd 4-44, Holt 4-33, Leonard 3-23, McMichael 2-29, Minor 1-5. Baltimore, Mason 5-79, McGahee 4-9, Clayton 3-23, Williams 2-45, M.Smith 2-18, Sypniewski 0210. -'MISSED FIELD GOALS-St. Louis, Wilkins 35 (WL). .Patriots 48, Cowboys 27 New England 14 7 10 17 48 Dallas 0 17 7 3- 27 First Quarter -'NE-Moss 6 pass from T.Brady (Gostkowski kick), 7:48. 'NE-Welker 35 pass from T.Brady (Gostkowski kick), 2:14. Second Quarter .pal-FG Folk 38, 12:31. Dal-Hatcher 29 fumble return (Folk kick), 10:25. NE-Welker 12 pass from T.Brady (Gostko'wsk 'kick), 3:34. o'Dal-Owens 12 pass from Romo (Folk Rick), :46. Third Quarter Dal-Crayton 8 pass from Romo (Folk ick), 10:20. NE-K.Brady 1 pass from T.Brady (Gostkowski kick), 4:56. NE-FG Gostkowski 45, 2:14. Fourth Quarter NE-Stallworth 69 pass from T.Brady (Gostkowski kick), 12:21. Dal-FG Folk 23, 10:03. NE-FG Gostkowski 22, 3:59. NE-Eckel 1 run (Gostkowski kick), :19. A-63,984. NE First downs 28 Tofal Net Yards 448 Rbshes-yards 29-75 Passing 373 Ptint Returns 3-37 Kickoff Returns 6-145 Interceptions Ret. 1-5 CPmp-Att-Int 31-46-0 Sacked-Yards Lost 3-15 P~nts 2-41.5 Fymbles-Lost 3-1 Penalties-Yards 5-50 Time of Possession 38:15 Dal 13 283 15-97 186 0-0 7-177 0-0 18-29-1 2-13 5-53.8 0-0 12-98 21:45 INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS ,jRUSHING-New England, Faulk 13-50, Mprris 10-14, Eckel 3-6, T.Brady 3-5. Dallas, J.Jones 6-51, Barber III 8-47, Romo 1-(minus 1). 'PASSING-New England, T.Brady 31- 46-0-388. Dallas, Romo 18-29-1-199. -'RECEIVING-New England, Welker 11- 124, Stallworth 7-136, Moss 6-59, Faulk 3- 24, Gaffney 2-16, K.Brady 1-1, Watson 1- 2Z8: Dallas, Owens 6-66, Crayton 5-46, Witten 3-47, Barber IIl 2-12, Fasano 1-26, i'jbnes 1-2. 'MIISSED FIELD GOALS-None. Cowb S - a' - NFL BOXES Panthers 25, Cardinals 19 W Carolina 3 3 3 16 25 SArizona 0 7 3 0 t0 First Quarter Car-FG Kasay 33, 3:48. Second Quarter Car-FG Kasay 43, 14:50. Ari-James 23 run (Rackers kick), 7:16. SThird Quarter Car-FG Kasay 24, 5:44. Ari-FG Rackers 50, 3:20. Fourth Quarter SCar-Smith 65 pass from Testaverde (pass from Testaverde failed), 5:40. Car-FG Kasay 45, 4:26. SCar-D.Williams 13 run (Kasay kick), 2:07. A-84,403. - a -w - a' .* -, r- First downs Total Net Yards a Rushes-yards Passing Punt Returns SKickoff Returns Interceptions Ret. SComp-Att-lnt S- Sacked-Yards Lost * m Punts Fumbles-Lost *,* *- Penalties-Yards Time of Possession. - * a a.- a - - --- "Copyrighted Material .. -. . .- Syndicated Content .- Available from Commercial News Providers"-- t- - a 0 - - ,,~ e - m - a ~. S a mm ~~-a -r _ a -r a~ Now .0-11W 0 0 a a ~0 a* a . - a - - ~ -Wa - - . - a- .m -a *i clo- 3/dip to -- - '~- a aUh *mm -- a Imp S S * 1k-- - 0 a a, .- - - - - --b 1*'- 0 -0 - - go ' Sw SlaO a e . a 4WD F1mm- o m m bmm% o- -m a-- a a 1ew 0* .Oa ~ -C - SI.) 4m SP t el ~ 0 40 q - so - Car 14 374 30-181 193 4-45 2-31 3-1 20-33-0 2-13 7-38.3 0-0 9-65 31:07 ArL 10 2574, 26-98. 159. 4-21-, 7-1991 0-C4 14-26-3i 2-21 7-45.1 4-2 11-103' 28:53- INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING-Carolina, D.Williams 10- 121, Foster 17-43, Smith 2-15, Haynes 1- 2. Arizona, James 22-80, Breaston 1-1O Rattay 2-5, T.Smith 1-3. PASSING-Carolina, Testaverde 20-33- 0-206. Arizona, Rattay 12-24-3-159; Warner 2-2-0-21. RECEIVING-Carolina, Smith 10-136, Colbert 3-29, Carter 2-17, King 2-12, Foster 2-6, Hoover 1-6. Arizona, FitzgeraLd 6-97, Bry.Johnson 4-29, T.Smith 2-9, Urban 1-42, Pope 1-3. MISSED FIELD GOALS-Carolina, Kasay 45 (WR). Chargers 28, Raiders 14 Oakland 0 7 0 7- 14 San Diego 14 0 7 7- 28 First Quarter SD-Tomlinson 3 run (Kaeding kick), 9:24. SD-Tomlinson 27 run'(Kaeding kick), 6:51. Second Quarter Oak-Howard 66 interception .return (Janikowski kick), 6:54. Third Quarter SD-Tomlinson 13 run (Kaeding kick)- 9:42. Fourth Quarter Oak-Miller 1 pass from Culpepper (Janikowski kick), 5:18. SD-Tomlinson 41 run (Kaeding kick), 2:43. A-67,523. SOak SD First downs 18 18' Total Net Yards 246 362 Rushes-yards 23-53 32-206' Passing 193 156' Punt Returns 0-0 " Kickoff Returns 4-74 2-24 * Interceptions Ret. Comp-Att-lnt Sacked-Yards Lost Punts Fumbles-Lost Penalties-Yards I Time of Possession IS 4m co w EM. qU E4oES l mw soqmdlm ;Womo 4 mll*im a~ National Football League AMERICAN CONFERENCE New England Buffalo N.Y Jets Miami Indianapolis Jacksonville Tennessee Houston Pittsburgh Baltimore Cleveland Cincinnati Kansas City San Diego Denver Oakland Dallas N.Y Giants Washington Philadelphia Carolina Tampa Bay Atlanta New Orleans Green Bay Detroit Minnesota Chicago Arizona Seattle San Francisco St. Louis Pct 1.000 .200 .167 .000 Pct 1.000 .800 .600 .500 Pct .800 .667 .500 .200 Pct .500 .500 .400 .400 Pct .833 .600 .600 .400 Pct .667 .667 .200 .200 Pct .833 .600 .400 .333 Pct .500 .500 .400 .000 East PA 92 118 154 182 South PA 88 58 72 136 North PA 47 100 183 156 West PA 103 119 136 128 Home 3-0-0 1-2-0 1-2-0 0-2-0 Home 3-0-0 2-1-0 1-1-0 2-1-0 Home 3-0-0 3-0-0 3-1-0 1-1-0 Home 2-1-0 2-1-0 1-2-0 1-1-0 NATIONAL CONFERENCE East PA 144 124 69 82 South PA 110 87 100 136 North PA 107 155 90 149 West PA 136 102 102 159 Home 2-1-0 2-1-0 2-1-0 1-1-0 Home 0-2-0 3-0-0 1-1-0 0-2-0 Home 3-1-0 2-0-0 1-1-0 1-2-0 Home 2-1-0 2-1-0 1-2-0 0-3-0 Away 3-0-0 0-2-0 0-3-0 0-4-0 Away 2-0-0 2-0-0 2-1-0 1-2-0 Away 1-1-0 1-2-0 0-2-0 0-3-0 Away 1-2-0 1-2-0 1-1-0 1-2-0 Away 3-0-0 1-1-0 1-1-0 1-2-0 Away 4-0-0 1-2-0 0-3-0 1-2-0 Away 2-0-0 1-2-0 1-2-0 1-2-0 Away 1-2-0 1-2-0 1-1-0 0-3-0 AFC 5-0-0 1-3-0 1-3-0 0-4-0 AFC 3-0-0 3-1-0 1-1-0 2-2-0 AFC 2-0-0 1-2-0 3-3-0 1-3-0 AFC 2-2-0 2-2-0 2-3-0 2-2-0 NFC 3-0-0 2-2-0 2-2-0 1-3-0 NFC 4-1-0 3-1-0 0-2-0 1-2-0 NFC 4-1-0 2-2-0 2-2-0 1-3-0 NFC 2-2-0 2-2-0 2-1-0 0-5-0 NFC 1-0-0 0-1-0 0-2-0 0-2-0 NFC 2-0-0 1-0-0 2-1-0 1-1-0 NFC 2-1-0 3-0-0 0-0-0 0-1-0 NFC 1-1-0 1-1-0 0-0-0 0-1-0 AFC 2-1-0 1-0-0 1-0-0 1-0-0 AFC 0-1-0 1-1-0 1-2-0 0-2-0 AFC 1-0-0 1-0-0 0-1-0 1-1-0 AFC 1-1-0 1-1-0 0-2-0 0-1-0 Div 2-0-0 1-1-0 1-2-0 0-1-0 Div 2-0-0 1-1-0 1-1-0 0-2-0 Div 1-0-0 0-2-0 2-1-0 1-1-0 Div 1-0-0 2-1-0 1-1-0 0-2-0 Div 1-0-0 2-1-0 1-1-0 0-2-0 Div 2-1-0 2-0-0 0-1-0 0-2-0 Div -1-0 2-0-0 1-2-0 1-2-0 Div 2-1-0 1-1-0 2-1-0 0-2-0 Sunday's Games Minnesota 34, Chicago 31 Baltimore 22, St. Louis 3 Philadelphia 16, N.Y. Jets 9 Cleveland 41, Miami 31 Green Bay 17, Washington 14 Kansas City 27, Cincinnati 20 Tampa Bay 13, Tennessee 10 Jacksonville 37, Houston 17 Carolina 25, Arizona 10 New England 48, Dallas 27 San Diego 28, Oakland 14 New Orleans 28, Seattle 17 Open: Buffalo, Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, Denver, Detroit, San Francisco Monday's Game N.Y Giants at Atlanta, 8:30 p.m. Sunday, Oct. 21, Oct. 22 Indianapolis at Jacksonville, 8:30 p.m. 1-66 24-37-2 6-37 4-43.0 2-1 8-69 31:12 2-0 14-21-1 0-0, 4-35.5 0-0 6-40 28:48 INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING-Oakland, Jordan 18-42, Fargas 2-10, Culpepper 2-5, Lechler 1- (minus 4). San Diego, Tomlinson 24-198; Turner 5-8, Rivers 2-1, Davis 1-(minus 1). PASSING-Oakland, Culpepper 24-37- 2-230. San Diego, Rivers 14-21-1-156. RECEIVING-Oakland, Curry 6-73, Jordan 6-46, M.Williams 3-35, Porter 3-28; Miller 3-17, Higgins 2-15, Fargas 1-16. San Diego, Gates 3-58, Tomlinson 3-16, Davis 2-30, Floyd 2-25, Manumaleuna 2- 18, Jackson 1-5, Neal 1-4. MISSED FIELD GOALS-San Dieg), Kaeding 50 (WL). Saints 28, Seahawks 17 New Orleans 7 21 0 0 28 Seattle 0 10 0 7- 17 First Quarter NO-P.Thomas 5 fumble return (Mare kick), 12:38. Second Quarter NO-Johnson 3 pass from Brees (Mare kick), 14:28. NO-Moore 7 run (Mare kick), 5:18. Sea-Obomanu 17 pass from Hasselbeck (Jo.Brown kick), 2:16. NO-Colston 2 pass from Brees (Mare kick), :30. Sea-FG Jo.Brown 52, :02. Fourth Quarter Sea-Burleson 22 pass from Hasselbeck (Jo.Brown kick), 6:39. A-68,296. First downs Total Net Yards Rushes-yards Passing Punt Returns Kickoff Returns Interceptions Ret. Comp-Att-lnt Sacked-Yards Lost Punts Fumbles-Lost Penalties-Yards Time of Possession NO 22 367 33-121 246 0-0 1-17 1-6 25-36-0 0-0 6-43.2 2-1 5-37 32:44 Sea 25. 425" 21-92? 333: 2-23' 5-119' 0-0 26-43-1 5-29' 4-40.5 1-1. 3-11, 27:16 INDIVIDUAL STATISTICS RUSHING-New Orleans, Bush 19-97, Stecker 8-17, Moore 1-7, Brees 4-p) Karney 1-0. Seattle, Weaver 3-401 Alexander 14-35, Hasselbeck 2-13, Morris 1-4, Plackemeier 1-0. PASSING-New Orleans, Brees 25-36, 0-246. Seattle, Hasselbeck 26-43-1-362. ' RECEIVING-New Orleans, Patten 8- 113, Bush 6-44, Moore 3-35, Miller 2-26; Johnson 2-12, Stecker 2-10, Karney 1-4, Colston 1-2. Seattle, Engram 9-120; Burleson 6-63, Obomanu 4-72, Weaver 4- 53, Pollard 2-25, S.Wallace 1-29. MISSED FIELD GOALS-Seattle, Jo.Brown 44 (BK). ow"I MONDAY, OCTOBrR 15, 2007 5B NAriiONA-L F4:)"-FIEA-LL IEACiUET nriC us CouNTY (FL E o - 4b- G.- w o w 40mom %P 1ON DAY ,07 PO TSCm CUNY:PHRNIL T4 AI6 4 smommom-lo S - - . a -- p a. ; "Gopyrighted Material: . - Syndicated Contentc "Available from Commercial News Prov * - a -O MM-4M O 4 -Qb 04b04 m w 0qS 4bmo m, m- mm - - a. - - a. - * a- -S a. o - a' - -"NW - r a.. - - . a. .~* .. a. -- S - a. a-S * o- a. S a. C-. -a - a now a- -a- - a a. -a- --."p -a.- *'5 a. -m ab 4 Gm .wo'm UM a- d Fiders~. A. ad--a- 0. m0 a 4m .40 q a. .m a.0 a.mqm fto 4W-wa- 4m mom 41"001 - -- -- -'---- 1 NHL ROUNDUP Hockey Today SCOREBOARD Monday, Oct. 15 Toronto at Buffalo (7 p.m. EDT). The Sabres have 13 goals in their last two games and 19 in four contests this season. STARS Saturday -Joe Sakic, Avalanche, got his 15th career hat trick with three goals in Colorado's 5-1 win over Columbus. -Olli Jokinen, Panthers, had a goal and two assists and tied Florida's career scor- ing mark in a 6-4 victory over Tampa Bay. -Robert Lang and Jason Williams, Blackhawks. Lang scored the tying goal with 1.5 seconds left in regulation and Williams got the winner 43 seconds into overtime and Chicago stunned Dallas 2-1. -Sidney Crosby, Penguins, scored his first two goals of the season, including the winner with 5:22 left in the third period, to lead Pittsburgh past Toronto 6-4. -Kristian Huselius, Flames, scored twice and Calgary outlasted Nashville 7-4. -Patrik Elias, Devils, scored two goals, including one on a power play with 27 sec- onds left and New Jersey rallied for a 6-5 win at Atlanta. -Derek Roy, Jaroslav Spacek and Brian Campbell, Sabres. Roy and Spacek each scored twice and Campbell had four assists in Buffalo's 7-3 rout of Washington. -Eric Belanger, Wild, scored a short- handed goal with 3:15 left to help Minnesota edge Phoenix 3-2. - -Aaron Ward, Bruins, scored with 12 secondss left to give Boston a 2-1 win at San Jose. DOMINATION Colorado is 22-1-1-1 against Columbus since the Blue Jackets joined the NHL in 2000 after a 5-1 win on Saturday night. QUICK STRIKES Ottawa set a team record for fastest three goals in Saturday night's 3-1 win over the New York Rangers. Dany Heatley, Chris Phillips and Patrick Eaves scored in a span of 52 seconds in the sec- ond period to top the previous mark of 1:16 against the New York Islanders on March 15. TIED AT THE TOP Olli Jokinen had a goal and two'assists to tie Scott Mellanby for Florida's career scoring lead in a 6-4 victory over Tampa Bay on Saturday night. Jokinen has 156 goals and 198 assists for 354 points in seven season with the Panthers. BRICK WALL Minnesota's Niklas Backstrom has allowed just four goals over four appear- ances this season after surrendering two in a 3-2 win at Phoenix on Saturday night. Backstrom had a 1.97 goals-against aver- age last season and was part of the William Jennings Trophy-winning tandem that allowed the fewest goals in 2006-07. OH, CANADA! Carolina won its third straight road game in Canada on Saturday night, 3-1 at Montreal. The Hurricanes routed Toronto 7-1 on Monday, and beat Ottawa 5-3 on Thursday. Red Wmgu a - -~ ~* - - - a. -- -a..- ---a.. '.' -a. - SW - a.- a,,~ - S.- - - skate pat King, 4o1 - a -- a' Sa Am r- a. -- S - - om a - a. * a. - - a r a. --4ool - 0 MMEN. Mo- b a.N a. 4 ~ ~ ~ - .- a a.- a. -dew --% a- - aow a -a a .a a. - 4- -do-ob %Elmo - a. ba. '5. *p. 4w q- tb 0 S wm 4bam ,o 41M am .m. a 4 a0 4 a.~a a-iam&- a- -a a. --m4 qomp qdm f a. ___ 4D aa - a. 4 4a.- -ow -a S a.-mwa - a. do m . a. -No 4ow M" National Hockey League EASTERN CONFERENCE Atlantic Division W LOT PtsGF GA Philadelphia 3 1 0 6 17 10 N.Y. Islanders 3 3 0 6 14 20 Pittsburgh 2 2 0 4 14 15 New Jersey 2 3 0 4 13 16 N.Y. Rangers 2 3 0 4 10 ,10 Northeast Division W LOT Pts GF GA Ottawa 6 1 0 12 22 '14 Boston. 3 2 0 6 15'114 Montreal 2 1 1 5 10. 11 Toronto 2 3 1 5 22 ?24 Buffalo 2 2 0 4 19 '12 Southeast Division W LOT PtsGFGA Carolina 4 1 1 9 21 .11 Tampa Bay 3 1 0 6 14 !0 Washington 3 2 0 6 11, 12 Florida 2 3 0 4 13 .15 Atlanta 0 5 0 0 9 23 WESTERN CONFERENCE i Central Division W LOT Pts GF.GA Detroit 4 1 1 9 20 14 St. Louis 3 1 0 6 15 '8 Chicago 3 2 0 6 10' 9 Columbus 2 2 0 4 10 :8 Nashville 2 3 0 4 17 L18 Northwest Division W LOT PtsGF GA Minnesota 5 0 0 10 11 -4 Colorado 3 2 0 6 16 14 Vancouver 3 2 0 6 16 g7 Calgary 2 2 1' 5 '17 47 Edmonton 2 4 0 4 13 20 Pacific Division W LOT PtsGF GA Dallas 2 2 2 6 16 16 San Jose 2 2 1 5 10 13 Anaheim 2 4 1 5 13 40 Phoenix 2 3 0 4 12 '14 LosAngeles 1 5 0 2 16 '27 Two points for a win, one point for over- time loss or shootout loss. Saturday's Games Buffalo 7, Washington 3 New Jersey 6, Atlanta 5 Carolina 3, Montreal 1 Ottawa 3, N.Y Rangers 1 Florida 6, Tampa Bay 4 Pittsburgh 6, Toronto 4 Philadelphia 3, N.Y. Islanders 1 Calgary 7, Nashville 4 Chicago 2, Dallas 1, OT Colorado 5, Columbus 1 Minnesota 3, Phoenix 2 Vancouver 4, Edmonton 1 Boston 2, San Jose 1 Sunday's Games Minnesota 2, Anaheim 0 Detroit 4, Los Angeles 1 Monday's Games Toronto at Buffalo, 7 p.m. Detroit at Anaheim, 10 p.m. San Jose at Vancouver, 10 p.m. Tuesday's Games Atlanta at Philadelphia, 7 p.m. Florida at Montreal, 7:30 p.m. Calgary at Colorado, 9 p.m. Minnesota at Los Angeles, 10:30 p.m,' J- i 7 NT I nii', NT ' - a S - .- S- ." '".. .M; .hi n, dr- :I. desk@ chronicleonline.com. * S - -a. -- a - 'a a - * 0 - --mm - b a- a * - * s a. - -- . a- .aa .-a- -at-do -- a A. a - . 0 a.- a. a. - CITRUS CouNTY(FL) CHRONICLE SPORTS GR MONDAY- oc-rcOBER- l 15. 2007 r l r l - * I S , O r . I w MONDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2007 7B of - - maa C - Syndicated Content A_^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ _ ^ ^^ _ Available from Commercial News Providers" -~ - - a - lwf m-M a - - -OP 0 . Yankees' meeting on Torre to start Tuesday NEW YORK Yankees officials will convene at their complex in 'ampa, Fla., starting Tuesday morning to debate the future of Joe Torre. Torre has led New York to the playoffs in all 12 of his seasons, but owner George Steinbrenner told The Record on Oct. 6 that he didn't.think he'd bring back the manager if the Yankees failed to advance to the AL championship series. a 0 - S - -- e - - JT . - r'd n Sports BRIEFS Cleveland then eliminated New York in four games, the Yankees' third straight first-round exit. Steinbrenner will hear advice from sons Hal and Hank; son-in- law Felix Lopez; team president' Randy Levine; chief operating offi- cer Lonn Trost; and general man- ager com- pany," strate- gy for dealing with Alex Rodriguez, who can opt out of the remaining three seasons of his record $252 million, 10-year contract. Dusty Baker agrees to manage Cincinnati CINCINNATI Dusty Baker was hired as manager of the Cincinnati Reds, agreeing to a three-year deal Saturday with a team coming off its seventh straight losing season and looking for sta- bility at the top. The 58-year-old Baker worked in television for a year after the Chicago Cubs fired him after the 2006 season. The Reds decided to go for someone who knows the NL Central and has been to the World Series as a manager. Holyfield loses to Ibragimov in Moscow MOSCOW Evander Holyfield's quest for a fifth heavy- weight title ran into a roadblock Saturday: Sultan Ibragimov. Ibragimov kept his WBO title with a unanimous decision over Holyfield, who turns 45 next week. Fighting before a home crowd, Ibragimov improved his record to 22 wins and one draw with a slick, counter-punching display at the Khodynka Arena. Holyfield dropped to 42-9 with two draws. The judges scored the 12-round fight 118-110, 117-111 and 117-111. lbragimov, a 32-year-old Russian, will now try and unify the fractured division. The other titles are held by Wladimir Klitschko (IBF), Ruslan Chagaev (WBA) and recently declared champion Samuel Peter (WBC). p - aw - - a - a. - * . - a - 4 nwW- ---tow .w do-a. a - - L I- ob - - a. .a a. = a -. - C - - * - a - Pay for your C I T R U S CO U N T Y The ET way Once a month, we will automatically debit your credit card! - AD 0a.- - 0 -* - - a, . NO MORE V Hassles! It's easy, it's convenient and it's safe! EZ Pay will 1 C hecks! automatically debit your credit card for $6.75 each month. That pays for a FULL YEAR of the Chronicle and you will never receive another reminder notice R e m nders and never have to write another check. V I n I rs! a- - -~ dm ll 1ric InC ua' r-'' nri Jang birdied No. 9 to draw S- S - It's]EZ' Just call 563-5655 for details. CITY OF " ILca.a 14 Ochoa on the second hole of Ochoa on the second hole of a October 26-28 SGreat American Cooter Fest Returns to Inverness Fun for the whole fumil) ! Live Music, Arts & Crafts, Food Vendors, Contests & Prizes Amusement Rides for the Kids BBQ Cook Off Kayak Races Hot Air Balloon Rides The General Lee from I-th DukP- of Hazard oiwsiLwwwooterfestival .com. New This Yearl Miss Cooter Qpokesmodel Contest Win s1,000 nd wear the Ms Conler Crownr Cooper Idol Karaoke Contest $1,000 Grand Prize for the beet Binger/Enfertainer We only accept 20 gemi-Rnallefe B. 1 Ub Coach's Pub &t.atey 6. Oct 23 -Cooter Night Frankie's Grill 6-9pm Oct 24 -Cooter Night at Beef '0 Brady's6-9pm Oct 25 -Cooter Nightat Applebee'sB-llpm 1p Oct 26-Cooter Bast Miss Cooter Finals Live Band -Ryan Weaveu Courthouse Square 6-1j Oct 27-Cooter Fes't Dayof Fun,ContestsrPr Liberty Park 10am-6m Oct 28C * Chldmenifit - - C - - a -~ S O M - b ~UIU~ 'P~ ~aU~ ~s~e~r*sas~.~~a(l~AB~_~L~'~~a~JEP4siF~ :'IarwPs Comy ( FL) CHRONICa- SPORTS ONE MONTH FREE! _Hj 1, t p - ' r - -- I Q p ,llii. I. 11h I. e r. ~ r~~ r 4arin I ~ci i t . . -~'YY LPM 8B Entertainment MONDAY OCTOBER 15, 2007 CITRUS COUNTY CHRONICLE vmm"m 4 f ood Florida LOTTERIES ka& - . - a - -- 0 - ~I - - -- 0 - wr qw .low - - W qb. d -b- - o - - - - - q *b * b ... -= C opy e te a S"Copyrighted Material - Syndicated Content Here are the winning numbers selected Sunday in the Florida Lottery: CASH 3 6-3-2 PLAY 4 6-7-6-8 FANTASY 5 1-4-10-34-36 SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13 Cash 3:5-9-2 Play 4:0 3 1 6 S Lotto: 5 -14 -25 -30 -33 -46 6-of-6 1 winner $25 million 5-of-6 125 $5,196.50 S 4-of-6 7,085 $74.50 3-of-6 146,008 $5 Fantasy 5:11 20 28 29 31 5-of-5 2 winners $145,354.97 4-of-5 347 $135 " 3-of-5 11,334 $11.50 FRIDAY, OCTOBER 12 Cash 3:0 7 8 Play 4: 4 8 5- 5 Mega Money: 5-13 -16-20 Mega Ball: 19 4-of-4 MB: 2 winners $500,000 4-of-4: 11 $862 S3-of-4 MB: 72 $288.50 3-of-4: 1,509 $41 2-of-4 MB: 1,810 $23.50 2-of-4 41,424 $2 1-of-4 MB 14,638 $2.50 Fantasy 5:4 -7 -13-25 36 5-of-5 1 winner $264,864.31 a Available from Commercial NewsProviders;' 4 a bWM -. 4&. w.. -- .0 ka& ft 3 * - 4 -lw -M - qu- f -op ft ftaa 0 l im 4 411 o..% - -o m * - -a a - - -a - ~4 -a m L - 0 - 0rn wi- rea t 0 r, M-d w Cw cr-do am m g 0llb *. m e 0 U e - . = a.~~ ~ ~ - -- - as - ow4 m -a -a ft m a -o 0 "D -..__o R&.MO a. -41. *w a a - -# -o \ow 4w 40M0% a o a a rya --f 4 tl4f a -w -0 a- ow -m - pqmpam.- aw-a 0 EDa a in - um a a uw S Uc __ - a a.r - -a S - -w it 9l q- o ob p SOW 4* - -- a - -a r- .-- - --r - F a r- - S . INSIDE THE NUMBERS E To verify the accuracy of winning lottery numbers, players should double-check the numbers printed above with numbers officially posted by the Florida Lottery. On the Web, go to .con; by telephone, call (850) 487.7777. Today in HISORY-- Today is Monday, Oct. 15, the 288th day of 2007. There are 77 days left in the year. Today's Highlight in History: On Oct. 15, 1917, Dutch dancer Mata Hari, convicted of spyingfor the Germans, was executed by a French firing squad outside Paris. On this date: In 1928, the German dirigible Graf Zeppelin landed in Lakehurst, N.J., completing its first commercial flight across the Atlantic. In 1937, the Emest Hemingway- novel "To Have and Have Not was first published. In 1946, Nazi war criminal Hermann Goering fatally poisoned himself hours before he was to -m 1 M have been executed. SIn 1969, peace demonstrators staged activities across the country S including a candlelight march S around the White House, as part of a moratorium against the Vietnam War. In 1976, in the first debate of its kind between vice-presidential nominees, Democrat Walter F. Mondale and Republican Bob Dole p faced off in Houston. Ten years ago: British Royal Air Force pilot Andy Green twice drove .. a jet-powered car in the Nevada ~ desert faster than the speed of S sound, officially shattering the o world's land-speed record. Five years ago: ImClone Systems founder Sam Waksal pleaded guilty in New York in the -- biotech company's insider trading scandal. - SOne year ago: A strong earth- - quake struck the Big Island of a Hawaii, damaging buildings and S- - roads. Today's Birthdays: Jazz musi- cian Freddy Cole is 76. Singer SBarry McGuire is 72. Actress Linda, Lavin is 70. Actress-director Penny Marshall is 65. Rock musician Don, *- Stevenson (Moby Grape) is 65. ., Singer-musician Richard Carpenter is 61. Actor Victor Banerjee is 61. - Tennis player Roscoe Tanner is 56; S- Singer Tito Jackson is 54. Actor J- Jere Bums is 53. Actress Tanya S* Roberts is 52. Britain's Duchess of,-' S- York, Sarah Ferguson, is 48. Chef S- Emeril Lagasse is 48. Rock musi- "- cian Mark Reznicek is 45. Actor - Dominic West is 38. o Thought for Today: "Do what you can, with what you have, where you are." Theodore Roosevelt, 26th president of the * United States (1858-1919). - a a Nwmpwo -qb.4 A -- a - - - REMEMBER WHEN ' N For more local history, visit,. the Remember When page - of ChronicleOnline.com. t; BMW ~; t~~ - .9 qb F w dD e 8 6 c ,m * * - ft r so dw -- -- t r r - ENTERT5 UUUIIIN MOYD. O R 15. 2vl007 MONDAY EVENING OCTOBER 15, 2007 C: Comcast,Citrus B: Bright House D: Comcast,Dunnellon I: Comcast, Inglis c B D I 6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 |8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00110:30 11:00 11:30 (WESfH News (N) NBC News Entertainme Access Chuck Chuck helps to Heroes "The Kindness of Journeyman "The Year of News Tonight INBC U 19 19 19 486 nt Hollywood steal a diamond.'PG' Strangers" '14, V' the Rabbit" (N) '14' 2825 2682931 Show wWEDU3 BBC World Business The NewsHour With Jim Antiques Roadshow'G' The Mysterious Human Heart "Endlessly Beating; The Teachings of Jon (In PBS 3 3 News 'G' Rpt. Lehrer 9 4680 9 6028 The Spark of Life" (N) 'PG' [ (DVS) 9115 Stereo)'G' O 33554 EWUT BBC News Business The NewsHour With Jim Antiques Roadshow 'G' The Mysterious Human Heart "Endlessly Beating; 'Allo, 'Allo! Tavis Smiley PBS 5 5 5 7318 Rpt. Lehrer (N) 43739 9 11757 The Spark of Life" (N)'PG' B (DVS) 14844 'PG'98318 57660 WFLA News (N) NBC News Entertainme Extra (N) Chuck Chuck helps to Heroes "The Kindness of Journeyman "The Year of News (N) Tonight INBB 8 8 8 8 8888 nt 'PG' g steal a diamond.'PG' Strangers"'14, V the Rabbit"'14' 27318 1913738 Show HyWFT News (N) ABC WId Jeopardy! Wheel of Dancing With the Stars (In Stereo Live) Samantha The Bachelor A helicopter News (N) Nightline ABC U 20 20 20 20 l 1912 News 'G' 9 7221 Fortune (N) 9c3030776 Who?(N) ride. (N)'14'50660 9912660 78906028 (WTSP6 News (N) Evening Inside Be a How I Met Big Bang Two and a Engagemen CSI: Miami (N) (In News (N) Late Show CBS 9 10 10 10 10 9554 News Edition'PG' Millionaire Theory Half Men t Stereo)'14, D,S,V' B 9910202 (WTVT ,1 MLB Baseba I: ALCS TMZ (N) The Insider Prison Break K-Ville "Game Night" (N) News (N) C9 57432 News (N) TMZ'PG' FOX 13 13 Game 3 'PG' [ 'PG'7738 "Interference" (N) '14, '14, L,V' 9 0905 4154047 B 4452080 WCJBI News (N) ABC Wd Entertainme Inside Dancing With the Stars (In Stereo Live) Samantha The Bachelor A helicopter News (N) Nightline ABC 11 42660 News nt Edition 'PG' E 2118863 Who? (N) ride. (N) '14'69950 5386028 65271979 "WCLF Richard and Lindsay Steve-Kathy Zola Levitt Gregory Possess the Life Today Manna-Fest The 700 Club'PG' 9E Pentecostal Revival Hour IND 2 2 2 2 Roberts 'G' 9 9097496 Presents Dickow'G' 'G' 8393776 'G' 9 5717979 9 7233196 (WT News(N) ABC Wd Wheel of Jeopardy! Dancing With the Stars (In Stereo Live) Samantha The Bachelor A helicopter News (N) Nightline ABC 11 11 22844 News Fortune (N) (N) 'G' [M 3646202 Who?(N) ride. (N)'14'49134 4900863 41524329 WMO Family Guy Family Guy Frasier'PG, Access Law & Order: Criminal Movie: "Lip Service"(2000, Drama) Gail O'Grady, Reno 911! Will & Grace IND 12 12 '14, DS' '14, D,L D' 70554 Hollywood Intent "Faith" '14' 82863 Kari Wuhrer. '14' 85950 '14'43486 'PG' =MA 6 6 6 6 Judge Mathis (N) (In Every- Seinfeld Celebrity Exposa (N) [ Control Room Presents News Every- Seinfeld Sex and the MNT 6 6 6 Stereo)'PG' 2 3709467 Raymond 'PG' 6490009 (N) 9 6403573 Channel Raymond 'PG' City'14, (,,2WA1CX 2, Faith The 700 Club 'PG' [ Ingrams Love a Child Pastor Jim Inspiration R. The Gospel Claud Bowers 74573 TBN S 21 21 21 Builders 754370 5950 'PG'9047 Raley8554 (N)'14, D,L' (N) 62806 Queens Jim'PG, D' Show'14, Show'14, W -i George andiamo! County Inside Citrus Let's Talk Golf 66825 Eastern Golf Links Classic Golf Cross TV 20 News County FAM 16 16 16 16 Hirsch 'G'85793 Court 85757 Illustrated Points Court (w.GX. MLB Basebal: ALCS The The Prison Break K-Ville "Game Night" (N) News (N) (In Stereo) 9 Seinfeld Seinfeld FOX 13 13 Game 3 Simpsons Simpsons "Interference" (N) '14, '14, L,V' 9 42641 52028 'PG'30318 'PG'75080 S(W 1VEA5 15 Noticias 62 Noticiero Yo Amo a Juan Amar sin Limites 423370 Destilando Amor 443134 Cristina 446221 Noticias 62 Noticiero UNI 15 15 15 15 (N)710283 Univisi6n Querendon 447950 (N) 700931 Univisibn (WxPx Doc "Time Flies" (In Designing IMama's Mama's Perfect Who's the Who's the 48 Hours "Millionaire Time Life Paid i 17 Stereo) 'PG' [ 54347 Women 'PGFamily'PG' Famil 'PG' IStranaers Boss? 'PG' Boss? 'PG' Manhunt" SB 85912 Music Prooram A 4 A4 8 4 C Cold Case Files 'PG' l CSI: Miami Broken"'14' CSI: iami "Addiction" CSI: Miami Shootout" The First 48 Graduate The First 48 14' % 54 48 54 54 750660 466282 '14, V' a 765450 '14, S,V' E 660806 shot. '14' ] 410383 455738 A = 55 64 55 55 Movie: ***s "Jurassic Park"(1993, Science Movie: "Catwoman" (2004, Action) Halle Movie: ** "Gothika" (2003, Horror) Halle Berry, 5 5 Fiction) Sam Neill, Laura Dern. 33189115 Berry, Beniamin Bratt. 9 402486 Robert Downey Jr. B 771028 SM52 35 52 52 The Crocodile Hunter'G' Ants! Nature's Secret Meerkat Meerkat Animal Precinct "The Animal Precinct Meerkat Meerkat AN) 2 2 2 7297414 Power'G' [ 5787738 Manor 'PG' Manor 'PG' Stakeout" 'PG' 5709950 "Television Star" or' Manor'PG' Manor'PG BRAVO "74 Movie: *** "The Game" (1997) Michael Inside the Actors Studio Movie: *x "K-19: The Widowmaker" (2002) Harrison Ford. A nuclear L- 7 Douglas, Sean Penn. 9 512979 (N) 'PQ L' 9 265318 reactor malfunctions aboard a Russian submarine. c] 977738 17 61 27 27 Movie: '"Wagons Scrubs'14' Scrubs'14, Daily Show Colbert Mind of South Park Scrubs'14' Scrubs'14' Daily Show Colbert 1 2 2 Eastl" 9 50399 72912 D' 24863 Report Mencia '14, 'MA' 7373863863 49283 Report ~ T 98 45 98 98 Movie: "Wyatt Earp" Movie: *** "Pure Country" (1992, Drama) George Strait, Movie: "Broken Bridges"(2006, Drama) Toby Keith. A fallen S 9 4 (1994) 27550776 Lesley Ann Warren. (In Stereo) 6537202 country singer reunites with his true love. 53195776 T 95 65 95 95 One-Hearts Lives of the Daily Mass: Our Lady of The Journey Home'G' Letter and The Holy Abundant Life'G' The World Over 9856028 WT 9Saints the Anqels'G' 8656009 8665757 Spirit 'G' Rosary 8648080 CAM 29 52 29 29 8 Simple 8 Simple Grounded Grounded Movie: ** "A Cinderella Story"(2004) Hilary America's Funniest Home The 700 Club'PG' [ S 2 52 Rules 'PG' ules'PG' for Life 'PG, for Life 'P, Duff, Jennifer Coolidge. [B 562467 Videos 'PG' 574202 642202 ( 30 60 30 30 Movie: ** "The StepfordWives" (2004) Nicole Movie: ** "Maid in Manhattan" (2002) Jennifer That'70s That'70s Movie: "The Stepford SKidman, Matthew Broderick. 8790825 Lopez, Ralph Fiennes. 8676863 Show'PG, Show'14, Wives"2980028 HGT 23 57 23 23 Offbeat If Walls House House Designed to Buy Me 'G' Color Hidden House Living With House My First AT merica 'G' Could Worth? Hunters 'G' Sell (N) 'G' 8916738 Splash 'G' Potential (N) Hunters 'G' Ed (N) 'G' Hunters Place 'G' 51 25 51 51 Modern Marvels "'80s Modern Marvels Modern Marvels'G' 9 Digging for the Truth (N) Cities of the Underworld Secret Societies 'PG' c 51 2Tech"'PG' 4308660 "NASCAR Tech"'G' 8670689 'PG' 0 8650825 'PG' 9 8653912 9854660 iFE 24 38 24 24 Reba 'PG' Reba'PG' Still Still Reba 'PG' Reba 'PG' Movie: "Break-In"(2006, Suspense) Kelly Carlson. Will & Grace Will & Grace 860486 51738 Standing Sanding 147047 126554 '14, V' 9 567912 14' '14' iCK 28 36 28 28 Zoey 101 Ned's Ned's Drake & SpongeBob Drake & Home Home George IGeorge Fresh Fresh l 'Y7'340047 School School Josh'Y7' C Josh 'Y7'T Improvemen lmprovemen Lopez 'PG' Lopez 'PG' Prince Prince SCIFI I 31 59 31 31 Stargate SG-1 "Enemy Star Trek: Enterprise Star Trek: Enterprise Star Trek: Enterprise FR Star Trek: Enterprise C Virus Buster Virus Buster Mine" 'PG' B 3117009 "North Star" 1026370 "Similitude" 1042318 1022554 1025641 37 43 37 37 CSI: Crime Scene CSI: Crime Scene CSI: Crime Scene Movie: *r "Next of Kin" (1989) Patrick Swayze, Liam Neeson. A hill clan S3 4 3 Investigation '14, D,L,S,V' Investigation 'PG, L,V' Investigation 'PG, V' stalks the mobsters who killed their brother. (In Stereo) 339554 (Tf a) 49 23 49 49 Friends 'PG' Every- Every- |TBS MLB MLB Baseball National League Championship Series Game 4 -Arizona Diamondbacks at Inside MLB 217370 IRaymond Raymond 1On Deck Colorado Rockies. From Coors Field in Denver. B9 799134 (T I 53 Movie: *,a "How to Stuff a Wild Bikini" (1965) Movie: * "Mary of Scotland" 1936) Movie: * "Young Bess" (1953) Jean Annette Funicello. [9 13595399 Katharine Hepburn, Fredric March. B] 26540950 Simmons, Stewart Granger. 9 6323318 53 34 53 53 How It's How It's MythBusters "Concrete MythBusters High-tension MythBusters Baseball Last One Standing 'PG, L' MythBusters "Concrete Made 'G' Made 'G' Glider"'PG' 9 365414 cables. 'PG' 365234 myths. 'PG' 1 965478 715955 Glider"'PG' 9 453370 T 50 46 50 50 Little People, Big World Little People, Big World Little People Little People Jon & Kate Plus 8 Kids by the Dozen (N) 'G' Little People Little People 'G' 0 982365 'G' 9 363399 Birthday party.'G' 352283 355370 ) 48 33 48 48 Law & Order "Terminal" Law & Order "Asterisk" Law & Order "American Law & Order "Remains of The Closer "Round File" Saving Grace'MA, L,S,V 'PG 782347 (In Stereo) '14' 354641 Jihad"'14' 370689 the Day" '14' 350825 '14, L' 9 353912 9 770825 TRA 54 Alaska's Arctic Wildlife 'G' Alaskan Wild 'G' 9E Anthony Bourdain: No Bizarre Foods With Anthony Bourdain: No Anthony Bourdain: No S9 9 6932554 3697592 Reservations'PG, D,L Andrew Zimmern 'PG' Reservations 'PG, D,L' Reservations 'PG, D,L' ( ) 32 75 32 32 I Love Lucy I Love Lucy Andy Griffith Andy Griffith Designing Designing Designing IDesigning Sanford and Sanford and M*A*S*H M*A*S*H 'G' 12 I'G' ,c Women 'PG, Women 'PG, Women 'PG, Women 'PG Son 'G' Son 'PG' 'PG' 'PG' (U ) 47 32 47 47 Law & Order: Special Law & Order: Criminal Law & Order: Special WWE Monday Night Raw (In Stereo Live)'14, D,L,V' Dr. Steve-O Law & Victims Unit'14'398844 Intent "Gone" '14' 693776 Victims Unit'14'679196 9 4540689 1220931 Order: SVU 18 1 1 18 Funniest Funniestiest America's Funniest Home America's Funniest Home America's Funniest Home WGN News at Nine (N) Scrubs '14' Scrubs '14' Pets IPets Videos 'PG' 243196 Videos 'PG' 252844 Videos 'PG' 232080 9 242467 520757 605047 MONDAY EVENING OCTOBER 15, 2007 C: Comcast,Citrus B: Bright House D: Comcast,Dunnellon I: Comcast, Inglis c BI D I 6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 Nol 46 40 46 46 Zack & Cody Zack & Cody Hannah Zack & Cody Movie: t**"The Haunted Mansion" That's So That's So Life With Zack & Cody Hannah Montana'G' (2003, Comedy) 1989283 Raven'G' Raven'G' Derek'G' Montana'G' CEHT, 39 ,n "9 50 M*A*S*H M*A*S*H Murder, She Wrote (In Murder, She Wrote'G' 9I Movie: "Mystery Woman: Game Time" (2005) Kellie Murder, She Wrote (In J 39 68 39 3 'PG' 2422115 'PG' 2413467 Stereo) 'G' Dc 5703776 5789196 Martin, Clarence Williams III. 'PG' cC 5782283 Stereo) 'G' 9 7251592 Movie: ** "The Break-Up" (2006, Romance- Real Time With Bill Maher Curb- Five Days '14' c 979689 Tell Me You Love Me'MA ID.L. Hughley N Comedy) Vince Vaughn. [] 405573 'MA' c 406202 Enthsm I 573689 I: "'ght It Movie: "Child'sPlay 3"(1991) Movie: **** "Children of Men" (2006, Science Movie: ** "The Hills Have Eyes" (2006, Horror) Up" (1999) JustinWhalin. 618370 Fiction) Clive Owen. 9 577399 Aaron Stanford. 9 8530202 7 66 97 97 TheHills The Hills Pageant Life of Ryan Life of Ryan Life of Ryan Life of Ryan The Hills The Hills (N) Life of Ryan A Shot of Love With Tila S9'PG 66 855554 'PG'879134 Place I'PG' 940221 214318 (N) Tequila 640844 NG 71 AncientAsteroid 'G' Naked Science'G' Is It Real? "Ghosts" (In Is It Real? "Ghost Ships' Is It Real? "Bigfoot" 'G' Is It Real? 'Ghosts" (In 1863689 4327931 Stereo) 'PG' -94343979 'PG' CS 4323115 4326202 Stereo) 'PG' 9 8744383 fPr 62 "Edward Movie: ** "License to Drive"(1988) Movie: **o "Moon OverParador" (1988, Comedy) Movie: ** "Straight Talk" (1992) Dolly "Edward Scis." [ 64098641 Richard Dreyfuss. 9 27254738 Parton. 9 1604950 Scis." CNBC) 43 42 43 43 Mad Money 5001221 Kudlow & Company [ Fast Money 6536825 October'87: Crash and he Bi Idea Wth Donny Mad Money 7398912 S 4 46550405 Comeback (N) 6556689 Deutschi ) 40 29 40 40 LouDobbs Tonight 9 The Situation Room Out in the Open 684028 Lar King Live'PG' 9 Anderson Cooper 360'PG' 9 964776 N303776 668080 697592 (ii ) 25 55 25 25 World's Wildest Police Cops '14, V Cops '14, V Most Daring 6554221 Forensic Forensic Dunne: Power, Privilege & North LA Forensics Videos'PG' 9 5003689 2097283 9668196 Files 'PG' Files'PG' Justice Mission '14' (F ) 44 37 44 44 Special Report 9 3135405 The Fox Report With The O'Reilly Factor BB Hannity & Colmes 9 On the Record With Greta The O'Reilly Factor Shepard Smith [1 1037486 1040950 Van Susteren 9349486 (MSNBC 42 41 42 42 Tucker 3148979. Hardball 9 1024912 Countdown With Keith Live With Dan Abrams Predator Raw: The Verdict: You Decide Olbermann 1033660 1020196 Unseen Tapes 1023283 9345660 (E PFi 33 2,7 33 SportsCenter: Monday Monday Night Countdown (Live) 90 NFL Football New York Giants at Atlanta Falcons. From the Georgia Dome in SportsCente 33 3 .. . Night Kickoff 109912 868134 Atlanta. (Live B 486660 r (ESPNl 34 28 34 34 NASCAR College Football Live c Series of 2007 World Series of 2007 World Series of 2007 World Series of 2007 World Series of Now 9 4458370 Poker Poker 3699950 Poker 3686486 Poker 3689573 Poker 9096370 (F F 35 39 35 35 Final Score Best Damn Ship Shape In Focus on Rodeo Wrangler Pro Tour Best Damn Hooters Best Damn Final Score Best Damn Hooters S50 TV'G' FSN -Ariat Playoffs. Pageant Period 2007 50 Pageant Period 2007 (GLF 67 PGA Golf 2006 Grand Slam of Golf Day Two. The Golf Central Playing Playing Clinic 2007 Leaming Personal Golf Central 6537554 Approach (Live) Lessons Lessons Center Lessons ~(Ui) 36 31 36 36 Inside the Lightning Tailgate Overtime (Live) Flatsmasters Series 49991 Island Lightning Tailgate Overtime 90844 Lightning Inside the Lightning Rep. 91573 Hoppers Rep. Rep. Lightning he PlusCode numlter. Gir t Lb wrmuq 1x frL ON MN -m --ow . sn - --ft.1w- w 00 . r S . All.WIND. .0 .-10 WW A4w 0 mnm Wo -4 .A- a omw. - 4w ne AID 4 di 4 4n md 'we U r 9 \~ r S) *n 4 )4b S- -a000- *~ 0- -aL -t a C- - --MP - C~ - - r40 0- - w .- - an a lum- 49W ~-M 4wa .0 m --4. " m -D-w a& .- * g* 4.4b . T A & & A 0 S S * * * e * 0 - * qm--mo 0 - - 4m. ft 0 _m -~-No- a 4 a- -_ o- -* l -- - -_` 'Copyrighted M (Syndicated Cor SAvailable from Commercial a 6- w % - a - * o - a-- - C - a - material . tent - lews Providers" S. -d -'lif- a - 7 ... . F-- -:-j - a ~ - * MONDAY, OCT.OBER 15, 2007 9B ENYEIRMAINACEN CTRUS COUNTY (FL) E * b - o qn o 8 SJMCON IVIDNAYC, OCTOR 1F, Llvv/ ". .harfield * __ m . vp -a - a -0 .*w a ^UI, y al q p *dm. 4m f 'Ad "P t.'.Copyrighted Material -.:. .WA, .. ,y ri en- " Syndicated Content , SAvailable from Commercial, News Providers" i 19 Awlh -.90 * - - lb a vz5oFw v Pt f - *iibdmm- 2! 91 bn I _jl -TL:-100 I kb ~o* 4wr d- m im40* We d- M 4Dq 04 =1-b *L cc hijI O-Nom 0 f- 50 do V bt Today MOVIES Citrus Cinemas 6- Inverness Box Office 637-3377 I; 'Tyler Perry's: Why Did I Get -Ilarried?" (PG-13) 1:15 p.m., 4:15 p.m., 7:30 p.m. "We Own the Night" (R) 1 p.m., 4 p.m., 7:20 p.m. Digital. S"The Heartbreak Kid" (R) 1:05 -.m., 4:05 p.m., 7:40 p.m. "The Seeker: The Dark Is rising" (PG) 1:40 p.m., 4:40 p.m. "The Game Plan" (PG) 1:25 p.m., 4:25 p.m. 7:45 p.m. "The Kingdom" (R) 7:05 p.m. "The Jane Austen Book Club" (PG-13) 1:35 p.m., 4:35 p.m. "3:10 to Yuma" (R) 7:10 p.m. Crystal River Mall 9; 5646864 "Elizabeth: The Golden Age" '(PG-13) 1:15 p.m., 5 p.m., 7:50 p.m., 10:30 p.m. Digital. S"Tyler Perry's: Why Did I Get Married?" (PG-13) 1:40 p.m., 4:20 p.m., 7:40 p.m., 10:20 p.m. Digital. 'We Own the Night" (R) 1:20 p.m., 4 p.m., 7:20 p.m., 10 p.m. . Digital. 0 0 0 . 0 4w' 0* 0 . * e * .50 Oe. * * o * S * * #* -n. 0 0 4w 4D -go V .o Times subject to change; call ahead. * - - 4WD U U 'I, a m - s 0 Io S S Of do 0 b LY r I. '9 I L 449 * 0 0 @0 S S* * * * 0 8 I ~4r+ CITRUS CoUNTY (FL) CHRONIdE , tr COMICS ILCIR A -C irrnl 20 nitz v 4w mro- ILIV -4 qO -I 0 I 4mo bg f a 8 400 * e e O dom.- dw 0 ftod N M--L j I CITRUS COUNTY (FL) CHRONICLE IH5hBeHH CLASSIFIED To place an ad, call 563-5966 Classifieds In Print and Online All The Time ' -I-Ii . S ) I o e e ( 8 -2ail:lei fi e S s i Iw b i- wwwc [m * S... S@... S.. ceo ceo Ce. S.... S... @05. 0 WIDOWED W/F, 55, Attractive & Intelligent, would like to meet a Christian Gentleman to spend the holidays with & for possible future Time. No negative or Criminal past history Please write a letter - about yourself to: Citrus County Chronicle i Blind Box #1393M 11624 N. Meadowcrest Blvd. Crystal River, FL 1 34429 Young Male Doctor looking for girlfriend 18- 28 for travel & good exp's. Looking for someone different, not something. Please send photos & information to i Drtomas17@ I yahoo.com -RENTAL FINDER I (* ,tn+/fWnder /rom $CASH WE BUY TODAY SCars, Trucks, Vans rt FREE Removal Metal, -Junk Vehicles, No title -OK 352-476-4392 Andy Tax Deductible Receipt r- 2 DOGS Labs Beige, male. Black, Female. Fixed. Great health! (352)442-9314 I TOP DOLLAR For Junk Cars $ (352) 201-1052 $ $$ CASH PAID $$ Having Code Enforcement problems w/ Junk vehicles in your yard? (352) 860-2545 S $ CASH $ I PAID FOR Unwanted Vehicles 352-220-0687 $$CASH FOR CARS$$I No Title Needed. Gene(352) 302-2781 CALLAHULLA LEOPARD/CURR/PLO mix. Exc, hunting/pet. (352) 628-9456 COMMUNITY SERVICE The Path Shelter is available for people who need to serve their community service. (352) 560-6163 or (352) 746-9084 Leave Message FREE KITTENS Black & Tiger Striped. - Good w/kids. Loveable . & friendly. 621-4870 FREE Pickup Unwanted Furniture Garage :Sale & Household Items Call (352) 476-8949 '.FREE REMOVAL OF. AmV's, bikes, cars, jet skis mowers, golf carts. We sell ATV parts 628-2084 Free Removal Scrap Metal, Appl.'s, A/C, Mowers, motors, etc, Brian (352) 302-9480 -Your World O* d e 44&J CHWpNincI Classrtiedsr ww chronicleordlin corn FREE PIGEONS Show Type. To good home. 352-220-3947 Gas Stove 4 Burners, Computer Monitors(4) (352) 795-3394 KITTENS -Free to good home (352) 344-5255 KITTENS Free to good home (352) 344-5255 Loving Gray Male Cat. 3 1/2 yrs. old Needs comfortable lap. Mom is in Nursing Home. Please help. 726-3306 Qtr HORSE Appendix Mare, big, grey 10yrs, needs big pasture, pasture pet, (352) 621-7699 The Path Shelter will pick up your unwanted vehicle Tax deductible receipt given (352) 746-9084 Twin Female Kittens Black & white, desper- ately needing a loving home, Crystal River (352) 563-2179 WATER Softener & Iron Filter (Kinet MIXED, BIk & CHIHUAHUA MIX Found near Parsons Pt. PO. Please call to iden- tify. (352) 726-1006 or 795-3260 Miniature Schnauzer Gobbler Dr. Area Call to identify (352) 344-5438 TABBY CAT, grey stripe, found mid Sept. May be Pt. Slamese/Bangal. Found near Citrus Cty. Fair Grounds. Please call to identity. (352) 726-1006 or 795-3260 r "DIVORCES BANKRUPTCY * .Name Change *Child Support S Wills We Come To You 637-4022 *795-5999 14 U Act Noi N HOME OWNER i SPECIAL I SELL YOUR HOUSE- TODAY $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ONE CALL I ONE PRICE I S ONE MONTH ONLY $126.00 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ appears In the *Citrus County Chronicle I *Beverly Hills Visitor *Riverland News *Riverland Shopper *South Marion Citizen *West Marion Messenger *Sumter County Times CALL TODAY I (352) 563-5966 I r-;---- RENTAL FINDER rentalfinder.com TRANSPORTATION SPECIAL SELL YOUR CAR TODAY ONE CALL ONE PRICE 2 WEEKS ONLY $99.99 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ aooears in the *Citrus County Chronicle I *Beverly Hills Visitor *Riverland News *Riverland Shopper *South Marion i Citizen . *West Marion Messenger I *Sumter County Times CALL TODAY (352) 5635966 CAT ADOPTIONS Come see our adorable cats aid kittens that are available for adoption. We are open 8:00 A M till 4:00 P M Monday-Friday. Week-end and evenings by appointment. All Cats and Kittens are altered, tested for Feline Luk and Aids. Up to date cn vac- cines for age appropriate, Phone 352-563-2370 Visit us at. or stop by our offices at 1149 N Conant Ave. Corner of 44 and Conant. Look for the big white building with the bright paw prints. a 9, p "Copyrighted Material 4 Syndicated Content Available from Commercial News Providers" "4 4% 7, a and read 1,000's of Items sold everyday using the Chronicle classified. Call today and we'll help you get rid of your unwanted stuff. SIO )NI E (352) 563-5966 (352) 726-1441 PERS. ASSISTANT for Hire Can help elderly, kids, or office work $12. hr. 40. cents mile. 465-7888 A free report of your home's value living.net Boost Traffic To Your Website Chronicle Website Directory in print and online Our search engine will link customers directly to your site. In Print = One Price $51.95 (3 lines of copy for 30 days) Header and Website Address Call Today: S(352) 563-5966 CAR SALES wheels.com Limited Edition Prints Nautical Civil War SWildlife international com NEWSPAPERS online.com REAL ESTATE homefront.com RENTALS rentalfinder.com WHOLESALE SHOPPING www, 1282 onetouch shooolng.biz Childcare Center Director Must have creditials for position. Also looking for people w/CDA Credential. 352-286-4110 RN Night Shift (Full Time) GREAT BENEFITSII Paid Vacation, Holidays, - Health Insurance & 401K Ready for a change? The best kept secret in nursing Is In Correctional Nursing. Current FL RN license & valid Drivers license is required. To apply for a new challenging career visit our facility M-F 8:30AM 4:30PM 2604 W. Woodland Ridge Drive Lecanto, Fl 34461 To apply via internet www. correctionscorp.com M/F/VET/HP E.O.E. Drug Free Workplace BILLER/ COLLECTOR Exp'd only need apply Charge entry, electronic claims processing, cash mgmt., Insurance & patient collection, aged A/R follow-up. Fax resume to: (352) 527-1827 or Apply in person @ 110 N. Lecanto Hwy. DENTAL ASSISTANT PT or FT. Digital office. Must have experience and be certified. Top Pay for the right person. Call (352) 746-3525 Exp. Medical RECEPTIONIST Needed, for busy surgeons office. Fax Resume to: (352) 563-6328 EXPERIENCED I MDS LPN NURSE Candidate must understand the Long Term Care plan process and enjoy meeting w/famllies. This candidate must be computer literate and be able to assess patients. Position requires a reliable positive team player Mail or Fax Resume;: Aft: Laurie Coleman1 136 NE 12th Ave. Crystal River, FL 34429 OR FAX RESUME to: (352) 795-5848 L DFWP/EOE F/T CNA Positions (1) 3-11 (2) 11-7 For Assisted Living Facility. Pay by experience. Sign on bonus! Insurance after 60 days Vacation After 90 days. Apply In Person: Brentwood Retirement Community Commons Build. 1900 W. Alpha Ct. Lecanto 352-746-6611 DFWP/EOE F/T LPN Seeking outgoing, energetic Individual. Apply at: BARRINGTON PLACE (352) 746-2273- physicians. and be responsible for front desk duties. Please apply online at cam CMHS Is an equal op- portunity employer. EARN AS YOU LEARN CNA Test Prep/CPR Continuing Education 341-2311/ Cell 422-3656 LPN NEEDED Must have strong computer skills for clinical research position. Research experience desirable. Please call (352)563-1865 or email tax resume to 352-527-2235 Drug Free Workplace /EEO LPNs 3-11 & 11-7 NURSING ASSISTANT Do you have nursing exp. but are not certified? If you're willing to work hard and have a positive attitude, come apply at Barrington Place. Strong communication and customer service skills a must. Excellent benefits. Fun place to work and Call Homell t4 Apply EXECUTIVE HOUSEKEEPER For Resort Hotel in Citrus County. 3 years prior experience In position required. Health Insurance, 401, Vacation & Holidays. Mall resume with salary requirements to: Citrus County Chronicle Blind Box #1395M, 1624XN. Meadowcrest Blvd. Crystal River, FL 34429 REAL ESTATE CAREER Sales Lic. Class $249 I I Start 10/30/07 CITRUS REAL ESTATE I SCHOOL, INC. I 1 (352)795-0060* YMCA PROGRAM DIRECTOR Opportunity for experienced professional with strong leadership and relationship skills. Must have budgetary, administrative and supervisory experience. YMCA of the Suncoast - Citrus County vmca.org Resumes to sball@suncoast vmca.org EOE DFWP Salary $33,000-$36,000. -A -si C1 IRkoNIC Advertising Ad Coordinator The Citrus N Meadowcrest Blvd. Crystal River, FL 34429 Qualified applications must undergo drug screening, EOE REAL ESTATE CAREER SSales Uc. Class $249 1 I Start 10/30/07 CITRUS REAL ESTATE - I SCHOOL, INC. l (352)795-0060* 952)3 ..W **" e ***"t;' DRIVER NEEDED Class A or B Preferred Contact: Dicks Moving Inc. (352) 621-1220 Bld-382-3808 COOK F/T for Healthcare Facility Phone for appointment. Ask for Cary or Patty. (352) 344-5555 LAWN TECHNICIAN F/T clean Dri. Uc., Lawn experience preferred. Will train; benefits Apply in person CITRUS PEST MGT. 5 N. Melbourne Beverly Hills, Fl 34465 MARKETING AGENT Opportunity w/major Country Club. Community Developer to join marketing team, responsible for cultivating leads from national advertising program... Program Includes: aggressive phone efforts and attendance at promo events, in & out of Florida. Choice of Salary and bonus or Salary and commissions must have RE License for commission plan. Fax Resume to Nancy @ 352-746-4456 POSTAL JOBS $17.33- $27.58/HR, NOW HIRING. for application & free government job info. call AMERICAN ASSOC. OF LABOR 1-913-599-8226, 24HRS emp. serve. PT Staff Associate Professional, reliable. ability to work w/ pub- lic, phone answering skills, & computer skills a must. Heavy lifting req. EOE-M/F/D/V-DFWP Fero Funeral Home ?f52.7ff-i'.V MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 2007 11l General DECKHAND Exp. Stone crab deckhand for Crystal River, Drug free Boat. (352) 398-7775 WAREHOUSE PERSON/DRIVER Fulltime, D-class driver's license needed. No weekends. 726-2300 SIOW HIRIG LOCALLY Avg Pay $20/hr. bIncluding full I benefits & OT, paid I training, vacation. I F/T & P/T 1-866-515-1762 *-Days POOL ROUTE HERNANDO Net $84K + year. Will train. Guar- antee accounts $67K full price. 877-766-5757 www poolroutesoles. com NPRS Inc. Broker GREAT INCOME OPPORTUNITY PT/FT Earn free travel, (847) 815-3224 thetravelgroup@yahoo. LIVE MUIIlUiON For Upcoming Auctions 1-800-542-3877 A/C & HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS. 13th SEER & UP. New Units at Wholesale Prices -* 2 Ton $780.00 -* 2-'/2ton $814.00 -* 3 Ton $882.00 *Installation kits; *Prof. Installation; *Pool Heat Pumps Also Avail. Free Delivery! FREEZER 7.5 Cu. Ft. Upright, white. $100 Evenings only. r ;.'2J " Backhoe $2,500 Landscape (352) 634-1728. or (352) 527-0403 TRACTOR John Deere model 420, Hydra-Static Drive Onan 20hp Engine 570 hours, 50" Mid-mount Deck, pwr Str. HydroLift. Runs Great $2500 obo 352-249-4456/586-6861 Patio Set Martha Stewart Collection Sofa, coffee table 2 rockers, excel cond. $295. 56W/-51pA 0 DISHWASHER Whirlpool, Excellent Condition $75 i (352) 527-9876 GAS STOVE .; Magic Chef $125;' DRYER, Kenmore $25 re (352)344-4182 t GE Washer 2 yrs old, good 't, condition, $125 :'i (352) 341-5182 HOT WATER HEATER "State' 40 gal. $75, HOT WATER HEATER" Whirlpool, 30 gal. $75, (352) 344-4182 KENMORE APPLIANCES- MICROWAVE, Wht., I Above Range $50; DISHWASHER, Wht. $99.' Both 1 yr. Exc. Concj. (352) 560-7730 , WASHER & DRYER KENMORE Washer less than lyr. Both work exc. $300 (352) 527-6639 Washer & dryer, exc., like new, S295/set, w/1-yr. Guar. Free Del.: & set-up 352-754-1754 "LIVE AUCTIONS" For Upcoming Auctions 1-800-542-3877 SOUTHERN AUCTION MARKETING & APPRAISAL AUCTION Monday Octl5th 7:00 PM 3-pc diam-plate tool box, marble-top DR table set, Calif. king cannonball bed, salt-water reels...... Pics at www auctionziD.com #4341 15991 NE Hwy27 Alt Willlston, FL 352-528-2950 Col. Joel Kulcsar AU1437-AB2240 10% BP on all sales Craftsman 12" Band Saw 2 yrs, old paid $300. + tax will sell for $190. no. tax, very little use, need smaller saw (352) 228-2207 "wH'-E'OTA--. --- ---J CAR STEREO DECK Alpine AM/FM/CD &' XM Sat. Radio + Subwtr, Great sound Uke New only $150 352-208-4428 2x6x 12 PT $6.00 each. (352)447-2238 45 Aluminum Metal. Pan Roofing Panels,- Styrofoaminsulation 12ft long, 1 ft. W, 3"D, $850, Many alum windows w/ scrns. & Door, $750' (352) 220-6820 $300/all (352) 621-0848 QUALITY LUMBER " Romantic Red Cedar. 3,000 bd, ft. @ $2.50/bt. Cherry 1K bd. ft. $3/bft Pecan 300 bd.ft. $3/bW 352-522-0724/229-1302 Computer Doctors Repairs In-Home or Pick-Up, Delivery. ava1. Free quote, 344-483w CANNON COPIER " Business Type; Works Great $35; , OLD LAPTOP $15 . Both for $45 (352) 860-2434 DIESTLER COMPUTERS Internet service, New.& Used systems, parts & upgrades. Visa/ ' MCard 637-5469 PRINTER Dell Laser mdl 1700 $50 Xerox scanner mdl 6400 $30 (352) 382-0380 12B MONDAY. OCTOBER 14. 2007 OUTDOOR TABLE W/Large umbrella/ stand, w/4 chairs $95. (352) 637-0440 2 Recliners $150. ea.or best offer Hand Painted Victorian Lamp 28" Tall, $75. obo (352) 637-4645 PRE OWNED FURNITURE Unbeatable Prices NU 2 U FURNITURE Homosassa 621-7788 All Leather Sofa, as new, top quality, chestnut brown, basset, 89" Long, pert. cond, for office or home must sell pd over $2K $950(352) 746-7745 Audio, video console, traditional walnut finish, 24 x 72 x28H, adjustable shelves, 4 doors, 2 glass, 2 scrn. w/ panels, excel .cond. $500. obo Citrus SHills (352) 270-8028 BEDROOM SET Girl's Full Sz. Canopy, - Dresser w/mirror, night stand & desk. $175obo (352) 489-8633 BEDS -. BEDS BEDS The factory outlet stores For TOP National Brands Fr.50%/70% off Retail Twin $119 4- Full $159 Queen $199/ King $249 Please call 795-6006 CITRUS HOME DECOR Like new Furniture Buy, Sell, Consignment, Homosassa, 621-3326 COFFEE TABLE Ashley 2-/2' x 3-'/2' w/Stg & 2 End tables 24"X 24" w/shelf Hvy Oak $150 (352) 341-1915 COMPUTER DESK 73x45, enclosed, lite finish$125. 7pc. Patio Set PVC w/cushion, good condition $125 352-476-3388/mirror; Night Table Both for $150 (352) 344-4182 Entertainment Cntr w/crown-dntl midg. slidg, TV Tray, $700 LazyBoys(2) Lthr Reclnr $300/ea. (352) 382-7074 GLASS-TOP DR SET Wicker w/4 chairs $100 obo; Designer GLASS TOP Table w/massive stone base. $100 com (352) 382-2294 I aES3 CLASSIFIED r l I l1 *FREE REF RENTAL FINDER ATV's bikes mowers, g rentalfinder com sell ATV pa MULCH 5- SOFA & LOVESEAT $95 Deliv Tapestry, pastel Gravel $75 brocade. $300 obo. 352-563-99 8 X 12 RUG, taupe floral. $50. Both, good SNAPPER R cond. (352) 563-1265 exc. cond. $500; SEAl TABLE W/4 CHAIRS Mower, rS Sm. Maple & White W/ $100. (35: Matching Microwave Cart. $150; PATIO RD. TOR TABLE W/4 CHAIRS Self prope $100 (352)489-1878 22" 6.5h bagger The Path's Graduates, $165ea (35 Single Mothers, Needs your furniture. URBAN Dining tables, dressers COM & beds are needed. $ Call (352) 746-9084 HD WA' (352) DIESEL TRACTOR (Sm.) 3 cyl., 49 hrs., Very LARGE economical! Yanmar, CA 22 hp. made by Deere, Ready Bush & grader blade $60 inc. $3,950. 344-1093 (352) CITRUS COUNTY (FL) CHRONICLE OVAL OF. s, cars. jet skis olf carts. We rts 628-2084 6 Yrd. Loads d. Citrus Co. 5 + Materials. 979/400-0150 hidingg Mower Rear engine RS Push Gas rarely used, 2) 746-0230 0 (2) lied mowers p recycler r, like new 52) 794-5099 GARDEN POSTER 125; GON $50 182-4727 1, M, ORCHID ,CTUS to bloom, i/obo 144-0283 "LIVE AUCTIONS" For Upcoming Auctions 1-800-542-3877 Act Now (3 2) "* " -"-----* ADVERTISE YOUR BUSINESS IN THE SERVICE DIRECTORY! I usssssus ss I ONE CALL ONE PRICE ONE MONTH ONLY $200.00 Your Ad will aooears in the *Citrus County Chronicle *Beverly Hills Visitor *Riverland News *Riverland Shopper *South Marion Citizen *West Marion Messenger *Sumter County Times CALL TODAY (352) 563-5966 L 1,-l- S6 A/C Tune up w/ Free permanent filter + Termite/Pest Control Insp. Lic & Boned Only $44.95 for both. (352) 628-5700 caco36870 --- --q I ILo kl ADVERTISE YOUR BUSINESS IN THE SERVICE DIRECTORY! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ONE CALL ONE PRICE ONE MONTH ONLY $200.00 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ I ssissississ I I YourAdwill apooears All Tractor/Dirt Service JLand tic. & Ins. Exp'd friendly Serve. Lowest rates Free estimates,352-860-1452 Citrus County SComputer Doctors ,.& Repairs In-Home or 'Pick-Up, Delivery, avail. 'Free quote, 344-4839 Computer Pro, Lw Fit Rt. .In-House Networking, V virus, Spyware & morel S52-794-3114/586-7799 Cooter Computers Inc. Repair, Upgrades, Virus & Malicious software removal (352) 476-8954 'jr*4*WK wlj- w-m I Srs' pay Only $59.95 Flat Rate No Hourlyl Will we repair ANY PCI Atlas Computer Service. 15 Years Expl 586-3636 REPAIR SPECIALIST Restretch Installation Call for Fast Service C & R SERVICES Sr. Discount 586-1728 0--- VChris Satchell Painting & Wallcoverlng.AI.&lns. 637-3765 3rd GENERATION SERV fencing, Gen. home repairs, Int/Ext. Painting, lawn trees. & landscaping FREE Est., 10% off any job. lic 9990257151 & Ins. (352) 201-0658 INTERIOR/EXTERIOR & ODD JOBS. 30 yrs J. Hupchick Uc./ins. (352) 726-9998 RUDY'S PAINTING * Int./Ext., Free Estimates Pressure Wash., Lic./Ins. 24/7, W LOVING CARE W That makes a difference. Will care for elderly person In my home or yours 24 hr. care. Louisa, 201-1663 We do It ALL Big/Small HOME REMODELING SPECIALISTSIII Concrete slabs, Brick Pavers, Windows, Doors, Storm Panels, Kitchen Cabinets, Tile & MOREII Lic. & Ins. CRC 1326431, References. (352) 746-9613 IL-k~ VChris Satchell Painting & Wallcovering.All work fully coated. 30 yrs. Exp. Exc. Ref. Ins. Llc#001721 352-795-6533/464-1397 Artistic Housecleaning Wonderful detailed & exc. job! Yrs. exp. & ref. Ellie (352) 586-5968. PARTNERS IN GRIME Senior disc. 20 yrs exp. Lic. & Ins. Free Estimates Call (352) 628-4898 Touch of Class Cleaning Service, 15 Yrs. Exp. Also If you Need Help? With Errands, Things Around the House. Ref. Nancy (352) 628-2774 REFACE YOUR CABINETS & COUNTERTOPS Much Less Than Newll Nature Coast Cabinets Lic. & Ins. (352)400-5861 1-9jJR1a DOTSON Construction 25 yrs. in Central FL. Our own crews! Specializing In additions, framing, trim, & decks. Lic. #CRC1326910 (352) 726-1708 ROGERS Construction New Homes,Additions Florida Rooms. 637-4373 CRC1326872 -II- housesdriveways. 25 yrs exp. Lic./Ins. 341-3300 .* ROLAND'S * PRESSURE CLEANING Mobiles, houses & roofs Driveways w/surface cleaner. No streaks 24 yrs. Lic. 352-726-3878 -I-- Service Fencing, Gen, home repairs, Int/Ext. Painting, Lawn, Trees, Landscaping, FREE Est., 10% off any job. lic 99990257151 & Ins. (352) 201-0658 ALL AMERICAN HANDYMAN Free Est, Affordable & Reliable Lic.34770 (352)302-8001 AFFORDABLE, HAULING CLEANUP, PROMPT SERVICE ' Trash, Trees, Brush, Appl., Furn, Const, I I Debris & Garages 1 352-697-1126 FASTI AFFORDABLE RELIABLEI Most repairs. Free Est., Lic Uc34868 We do it ALL Big/Small HOME REMODELING SPECIALISTSIII Concrete slabs, Brick Pavers, Windows, Doors, Storm Panels, Kitchen Cabinets, Tile & MOREII Lic. & Ins. CRC 1326431, References. (352) 746-9613 FULL ELECTRIC SERVICE Remodeling, Lighting, Spa, Sheds Lic. & Insur. #2767 (352)257-2276 MALLEY's Elect. Service Resid. & Comm. Ins. &Lic. #EC0001840 Rob @ 352-220-9326 Mel352-255-4034 "DEBRIS HAULING" & Misc. Clean-Up, Tree Service & Demos 352.447-3713/232-2898 "DEBRIS HAULING" & Misc. Clean-Up, Tree Service & Demos 352.447-3713/232-2898 r AFFORDABLE, I HAULING CLEANUP, I PROMPT SERVICE Trash, Trees, Brush, IAppl. Furn, Const, I I Debris &Garages | 352-697-1126 L m m m m A-1 Hauling cleanup, garage clean outs, trash turn. & appl. Misc. Mark (352) 302-4130 All of Citrus Hauling/ Moving Items delivered, clean ups.Everything from A to Z 628-6790 go wlol r AFFORDABLE, I HAULING CLEANUP, I I PROMPT SERVICE I Trash, Trees, Brush, Appl. Furn, Const, I I Debris & Garages 352-697-1126 L 7 M M . C.J.'S TRUCK/TRAILERS Furn., app trash, brush, Low $$$/Professional Prompt 7 day service 726-2264/201-1422 r, Lie. & Ins., 352 422-7279 3rd GENERATION SERV fencing, Gen. home repairs, Int/Ext, Painting, lawn trees, & landscaping FREE Est., 10% off any job. lic 99990257151 & Ins. (352) 201-0658 25 Years In County Free Est., Res./Comm. FENCES BY DALLAS ic. Staining, Garage & Driveway, House pressure washer, Free Est., 20 Yrs. Exp. (352) 422-8888 CONCRETE WORK Sdewaks, Drveways Palios, slabs. Free est. Lic. 2000. Ins. 795-4798 Decorative concrete, River rock, curbs, Stamp concrete Fuston's River Rock (352) 344-4209 ROB'S MASONRY & CONCRETE Slabs, driveways & tear outs Lic.1476 726-6554 We do it ALL Big/Small HOME REMODELING SPECIALISTSIII Concrete slabs, Brick Pavers, Windows, Doors, Storm Panels, Kitchen Cabinets, Tile & MOREII Lic. &/Lic#1704 Bathroom Remodeling Repairs, Qual. Installer Lic106120. Insured. (352) 382-4621 CERAMIC TILE INSTALLER Bathroom remodeling, handicap bathrooms. Lic/Ins. #2441 795-7241 CUTTING EDGE Ceramic Tile.' L A job too small. (352) 422-2114 e-S- 3rd Generation Service Fencing. Gen. home repairs, Int/Ext. Painting, Lawn, Trees, Landscaping, FREE Est., 10% off any job. lic 9990257151 & Ins. (352) 201-0658 D's Landscape & Expert Tree Svce Personalized design. Slump Grinding & Bobcat work. Fill/rock & Sod: 352-563-0272 SOD SOD SOD. BANG'S LANDSCAPING Sod, Trees, Shrubs (352) 341-3032 "El Ceupu outsi 9 u uup, Lic. & Ins. (352) 797-3166 POOL BOY SERVICES Total Pool Care Acrylic Decking i 352-464-3967 " a POOL LINERS a A 15 Yrs. Exp. * Call for free estimate (352) 591-3641 WATER PUMP SERVICE & Repairs on all makes & models. Anytime, 344-2556, Richard "DEBRIS HAULING" & Misc. Clean-Up;,' I Tree Service & Demo' 352.447-3713/232-2898 CHEAPEST AROUNDiE Mobile detailing servtee, Home/office. Free es-I Frankie (352)220-6760 DOG GROOMING In your home or min@.h 10 yrs. exp. Stephanie @ (352) 503-3435 -; LISA'SSIMPLE ORGANIZATION & MORE Floors to ceilings ''w Inside/Out & In b'twr4 (352) 362-6452 ', WE MOVE SHEDS 352-637-6607 MR CITRUS - COUNTY REALTY -m RC":; CALL ME : PHYLLIS STRICKLAND (352) 613-3503--- Keller Williams., Realty -' 0 RAINDANCER , 6" Seamless Gutter- Best Job Availablell ) Lic. & Ins. 352-860-0714 ALL EXTERIOR I 'ALUMINUM I S Quality Price! 6" Seamless Gutters | Uc & Ins 621-0881 CIRCLE T SOD FARMS INC. Res/Com. Installatio&its Lic.(352) 400-2221 Ins C Bruce 5 Kaufman Construction * Small Jobs Ielcome Porch Enclosures * Remodeling Soffit & Facing * Room Additions I in 'l Siding * Gaages Doors & IWindows :(352) 628-0100 nrsa Lta #CRC'I32',3 ii Boulerce Serving All of Citrus County CCC025464 QB0002180 ^ IN & SUPPLY INC. Family Owned & Operated Since 1967 NEW ROOFS REROOFS REPAIRS FREE ESTIMATES 1,V Wa~WI * I S I II S 5SJ * -(35) 2-79352-------------- (352) 628-5079.a (352) 628-7445 I N R TN T To Spruce Eapr Trie Ti66idfays 244 & TD Paintin, inc. Interior-Exterior Painting Pressure Washing 634-5152 or 860-1184 Call today to get that one room or whole hoius f'reshened uip! n t, it L ,,rhr In 1 587 729542 Lic n 3t:158. K "ii I] a 1 1 1 I( A IlN l iT New & Re-Roofs Flat & Low Pitch SRoof Repairs Commercial Residential Shingle Metal Built Up Roof Torchdown Shakes Insta I a.ti nst m s (352) 628-2557 Lucksroof.com Roof Inspections Available Drug Free Workplace State Certified Lic. #CCC1327843 tNJO f GO OUT ON A LIMB FOR Y. Free Estimates * Licensed & Insured * SMember of International S Society of Arboriculture __ Wen 'Moran OFFICE (352) 797-0409 7295, CELL (352) 584-0442 Starting is Important Stopping is CRITICAL WE DO BRAKES! Citrus Tire & Automotive Center 2302 W. Hwy. 44 Inverness, FL 729543 MV-9761 I .4A Roof Cleaning Specialist The Only Company that can Keep Mold & Mildew Off Siding Stucco Vinyl Concrete Tile & Asphalt Roofs GUARANTEED! - Restore Protect Beautify Residential & Commercial. SSuncoast. - Exterior Restoration Service Inc.* 1877-601-5050 352-489-5265T What'sMissing? Business Ad! L IWIII DCS0, WUUo headboards, complete $175/set; QUILTING FRAMES $50. (352) 634-0932 5th WHEEL HITCH (Reese) $150 Lawn mower TORO quick starter, runs good $100 352-726-0094 BICYCLES(2) Mns R600 Cannondale, Women's eros Bianchl$600/ea $1000obo Magic Chef Cntr-top Ice maker $100 352-726-7878 BURN BARRELS Heavy duty wl out tops $7.50 EA (352) 344-9752 Your World (C1IIO)NICI.E C te.sfit eds uw iranlcJlonarni cam Carpet Factory Direca ' Sales Install RepalJ Laminate, tile, wood , disc. (352) 341-0909: CERAMIC TILE 17"x1 : Neutral Color, Retail $1.32 pay only .79 352-613-7670 COLOR TV 27" $30, 5 Florida Style pier/end tables all foj $125 (352) 382-7074' SMG DINING ROOM TABLE W/4 chairs, $75; REFRIGERATOR, $75 (352) 270-3641 Generator bought 2005, never used, 5550 watts/8550, Brigg & Stratton, $500 (352) 637-0440 HOMEOWNERS If yoo would like to sell you, home or mobile for cash quickly, call Fred Farnsworth (352) 726-9369 POOL TABLE 42"x72" $125 Electric (Yamaha), Guitar+ amp $225.' (352) 795-0149 , I vvwa .. .1 MMMI r _ 0. : 0 (.is CouN'n (FL) CHRONICLE !' "Copyrighted Material O Syndicated Content Available from Commercial News Providers" 4M p W m so 0 amOdm 40 4mq0 wq: IBrian (352) 220-0576 ,lhyl rack, holds 8 rolls, sn rollers, will deliver ;4.150. (352) 341-0787 Wood burning r fireplace, $150. Kitchen table, 4 chairs, wooden & hutch, $50. (352) 344-9633 '-iANDICAPPED VAN FOR SALE Handicapped van with Braun llfft.hand controls, six way power -seat, fully loaded, wood package with 1. & I Chrgr. easy to operate w/joystick, Like New $350(352) 726-0559. RASCAL SCOOTER $375.00. PACE SAVER $375.00 (352) 628-9625 L.BUYING US COINS , .eating all Written offers. Top $$$ Paid ,'.' (352) 228-7676 -I GUITAR ,iSchecter Electric, $350. (352) 795-7766 r, GUITARS 'kemine Accoustic, I $200; Ovation Accoustic/electric, !$250; (352) 795-7766 t PIANO P'40X24X56, Wurlitzer ipinet, carved legs. SCherry, heater, exc. $650. GUITAR, Hoener Never played, $175; 1 (352) 795-0636 ,PUAL FLUSH TOILET '. ontemp. Ipc. new or' c '...or,, I 618 gal. .comlon Heig r.i. Seat nr..:ci reli 35' i'r $175 gets It 352-726-3680 35 Piece Weider Exercise Workout Set. $135 firm (352) 746-7679 *ADJUSTABLE TREADMILL $150/obo (352) 628-0588 carthlite Avalon Mas- ,Mage Table with head 0-,est & carrying case, like new, $245 (352) 637-5026 S.hwinn Exercise Bike, Exc. cond. $300/obo Ab/Back Lounger $75/obo. (352) 637-0440 Assault Shotgun l. 12 go.,8 shot, Semi-auto $575. (352) 697-1200 BOW (Fred Bear) Super Kodiak recurve, IAMB 60" draw wt 451bs, RFLw/leather qvr.wood prfow & target $475obo I (352) 637-2890 ! *FREE REMOVAL OF. WTV's, bikes, cars, jet skis I mowers, golf carts, We sell ATV parts 628-2084 GOLF CART BATTERIES -THE BATTERY MEDICS 36V & 48V Sets $245 .p Contact Mark @ gr,. 727-375-6111 PITCHING MACHINE Iron Mike. Throws i baseballs & softballs. i $1,800 352-302-0569 SSmith & Wesson iModel 5906 SS w/3 clips SSam Brown Basket SWeave Police Holsters & Belt. Exc. cond. $700 S/ (352) 382-2899 SWE BUY GUNS ,On site Gun Smithing ; (352) 726-5238 6 CARGO TRAILER ,r:od shape $875. S352-860-1106 EQUIPMENT TRAILER 16' dual axle. 10K lbs. w/ramps & rails. $1,200 (352) 726-5601 TRAILER! Utility, Enclosed, Car Haulers, Dump, Equipment Haulers & Male Rottweiler Puppy no papers nec. 39 yr. old home-bound woman looking for companion. Free or cheap chest freezer (352) 621-0909 BLUE & GOLD MACAWS Pair, "SITTING". Includes Newer $1,000 cage w/Breeder box' $1.675 (352) 628-7542 CHIHUAHUA PUPPIES 2 male, 2 female, fawn color s, health certificates $350. (352) 527-2315 English Bull dog, male, 16 months old, all shots up to date. $600 (352) 569-4121 Humanitarians of Florida Low Cost Spay & Neuter by Appt. Cat Neutered $20 Cat Spayed $25 Dog Neutered & Saved start at $35 Low cost shot clinic Tues, Weds & Thurs 1st & 3rd Saturdays lOam-4pm (352) 563-2370 LAB PUPS Bread for loveable smart pups, AKC, Health Cert. Vet. Appr'd, Chocs. & BIks $250 up. (352) 795-1902 Cavaller/poo, Yorkle/poo, malte/poo Maltese/shlh lzu 352-347-5086 RAT TERRIERS Male, Female, various ages, colors and sizes. Shots, Health Certs, $250-500(352)621-3110 SCOTTISH TERRIER PUPS Reg. ACA. M or F. Cute little Teddy Bearsi YORKIE, Male 12 wk, old. AKC & CKC Reg. $650 (352)726-2295 After 10A Nice Registered 4 yr. old App. Gelding 15H, been trail ridden up to date on everyth- ing $1,200. (813) 967-5580 Goats for sale Male, 2 months old (352) 563-1643 I Ac. Well inc. Ist/lst/sec. $750/mo. (352) 464-4808 HOMOSASSA 1/1 & 2/1 1st/Ist/sec. 352-634-2368 HOMOSASSA 2/1 Furn., Prvt. Lot, newly renovated. No smoke/pets. $600/mo + util., stf/last/sec. (352) 270-3472 HOMOSASSA 2/1, I2 mi. off hwy. 19, quiet area, $450/mo+ sec. (352) 628-4121 HOMOSASSA 3/2 single wide, south of Homosassa Springs $600/mo. + $600 sec. NO Pets, Yr. Lease Req'd 352-382-1076 INVERNESS 2/1 Furn, nice quiet, no pets, on canal $550/mo Ist/Ist/sec 352-860-2452 INVERNESS 2/1 Furn., crnr lot. $550/mo. Rent/Buy 352-201-1222 INVERNESS 55+ Lakefront park Exciting oppt'y, 1or 2BR Mobiles for rent. Screen porches, apple water Incl. Fishing piers. Beautiful trees $350/up Leeson's 352-476-4964 INVERNESS Large 4/1 with W/D $850/mo. 1st + Security (352) 560-3355 LECANTO 1 BR MH, all until $625. mo. (352) 628-2590 LECANTO 3/2 SW, CHA, fenced yrd. Frnt/rear decks, Stg. bldg. $525/mo +sec. dep. 865-809-6101 5 BDRM HUD $37,5001, 11 am./mol 5% dwn. 20yrs. at 8%. For listings 800-366-9783 Ext 9845 BANK FORECLOSURE 4BR, $46,000. 2BR $12,000. For listings 800-366-9783 Ext 5714 800-366-9783 Ext 5711 r RENTAL FINDER wwwchronicle rentalfinder.com 3/2, Lot Sz. 66 X 190 1,296 sf. ,Off 200 on canal leading to Withlacochee. $105K Owner Fin. Avail. (352) 726-6515 Trip. Wide on 1+ac. Crys. Rvr. 3/2/2car gar. RV Cvr Prkg. Near Publlx Call Maria Carter at Century 21 Nature Coast (352) 422-4006 3/2 SW on Two / AC Lots. Scm porch. BY OWNER, $44,500 1592 S Lookout Pt 2 blocks off US19 352-503-4142 4/2, 2280SF on 1'/2AC Pool, Trip. wd. HOLDER, Horse Corral, Close to bike/ horse trail. Many upgrds, Scrn In sunrm. $119,000. 352-522-1901 By Owner, 2 'V Acres, 2000, DW, 3/2, Homes of Merrit $120,000. obo (352) 621-3974 CRYSTAL RIVER 5/2 Bonus room, FP, wood floors & tile, h2" drywall thruout, 9x42 scm. country prch. on 1ac. $115,000 (352) 200-8897 Foreclosure 4BR, w/ F. place, 2002 Model 28 x 60 new carpet & apple's, paved rd. home is like new $76,900. Days 352-302-7332 Eve. 382-0654 HERNANDO 2/1 2 scrn. porches, 1 wood deck, all new In- side, Quick sale $43,900. at 3199E. Uke New $84,500 352-613-5652/503-3495 HOMOSASSA SPRINGS 2/2 Fixer up mobile home on half acre lot $20k obo (352) 795-6044 HOMOSASSA, 2.4 Ac. 4/2, '98 Country Setting. Re'mod., 1/2 acre Owner/Agent (352) 302-8046 Sale $89,000./Trade 2/1.5 Nicely Furnished In 55+ Park. Excel. Cond. W/D, Fl, Rm. + Sc ood cred. Req'd, 90s 352-564-9567 NEW 2/1-V SW, incl. apple air move In now. inverness Adult Pk, $29,900 Possible financing Call (352) 344-1002 or 302-2824 L.. $575mo. $862 sec. Call 9am-6pm 352-341-4379 INVERNESS 2/1 Tri-plex, great loc, clean & roomy, no smoking/no pets $575/mo I st/lst/sec. (352) 341-1847 INVERNESS 2/1 W/D, quiet, no smoking /pets, $575/mo. lst/last/ sec. (352) 212-4661 INVERNESS 2/1, large eat In kitch., no pets, $650 1st, last. sec. 697-0970 746-6148 INVERNESS 2/1, prch, $395 mo. 1st, last, sec No smoking. 352-726-4521 before 7p INVERNESS 2BR. Washer/Dryer Corner 581 & Anna Jo, No Pets, No smoking, $600./mo, 1 yr. lease, credit check req'd. ALL CITRUS REALTY INC. (352) 726-2471 iis: * . 3/2/2 Rent-to-Own New Home Citrus Spgs. Low Down, Easy Terms Danny (407) 227-2821 Retirement Mobile 1 Bedroom 10 x 24 scrn in porch, roofover car- port all redone inside excel, cond. $10,000. 352-563-0232 Must See SINGING FORREST 14 X 64, 2/2, turn. like a model home. New lanail, ENTA FIND2ER a rentalfinder )> Condo & Home owner Assoc. Mgmt. Robbie Anderson LCAM, Realtor 352-628-5600 into@property managmentgroup. coam RENTAL FINDER rentalfindercomn SUGARMILL WOODS $850 W/Lawn SVC, 6 Irg Rms, Gr Cond. Pets Ok, VeryPrvt.352-634-4921 CRYSTAL RIVER 1/1 Neat & clean; No smoking 352-795-4384 CRYSTAL RIVER 2/1 $600 mo. + Dep. (352) 563-9857 CRYSTAL RIVER Newly Renovated 1 bedroom efficiencies w/fully equip, kitchens. No contracts needed. Next to park/ Kings Bay Starting @ $35 a day for a wk or more. (Includes all until. & Full Service Housekeeping) (352) 586-1813 2&3 BEDROOM APTS. Starting at $466. C/H/A, NO PETS Occaalonally handicapped units do become available For Info. call Gatehouse Apts. at 352-726-6466, 9:00 am-4:00 pm Mon. thru Fri. f 2 2.:'.'' r.i Crystal Palms Apts. 1 & 2 BEDROOM Crystal River.634-0595 CRYSTAL RIVER 1 BR, laundry/premises, $500 mo.+ sec. deposit. 352-465-2985 CRYSTAL RIVER 2/12,. bldgs, Pole barn, 3/2, CHA, FP, scrn prch. $975/mo +sec. dep. 865-809-6101 INVERNESS 1/1 Clean, quiet,$425+ Ist/Ist/sec 352-464-4211 INVERNESS 2 BR, W & D. Hkup, close to hospital, $500. mo. first, Ist, Sec. (352) 212-6002 INVERNESS 2/1 Crystal Palms Apts. 1 & 2 BEDROOM Crystal River. 634-0595 CRYSTAL RIVER Centrally located. Professional Office ForERent. 700 sf. 352-563-2550 HERNANDO Hwy 486 Strfrnt/Retail/ Office. 1000sf for lease (352) 341-3300 Hwy. 490 Office/Wrhse. 2200 sf, $1,650 mo. Islander Construction (727) 808-5949 MEDICAL/OFFICE/ RETAIL INVERNESS Diana G Marcum PA, (352) 341-0900 CITRUS HILLS 2/2 Furn. Prvt. Owned. 352-527-8002/476-4242 CITRUS HILLS 2/2 Greenbriar II.1st fir. turn. Near pool. $113,500 $1,000mo. 352-249-3155 CITRUS HILLS 2BR, 21/2 BA Townhouse Furnished $800/mo. 352-697-0801 3/2/1 Moorings, $850. 2/2/1, Landings $750. Judy B Spake, LLC Shawn (727) 204-5912 Sugarmill Woods 2/2, Completely turn. $850. mo., Year Lease $1,600.-seasonal all util. 3 mo. min. 352 746-4611 1/1 Apt., Carport, W/D, Conn. sm. pet w/dep close to lake & town, $450 F/L/S 352-637-5200 INVERNESS 2/1, $550. mo., No pets, 1st, last + sec. 352-344-8389 LECANTO 2/11/2/den, beau. cond. Kit. equip. C/H/A, fans, W/D hu. You will love it! No pets. $595. Call Bob (352) 344-8313 CRYSTAL RIVER Attention Power Plant Workers. Furnished Waterfront home, 2 RV sites. Lodge-type rooms, Weekly or Seasonal. By Owner. John (352) 628-0011 2 GREAT LOCATIONS Lg. 2/2/1 Ing. Pool, Lg. 2/1/1. BOTH: Fl. rms. spotless, Lots ofxtras, Furn/un352-302-1370 INVERNESS 1/1/1 $550/mo. 1st $800 sec. 352-220-4082 RENTAL FINDER "I | rentalfinder.com L 0 .1 Rentals COUNTYWIDEI GREAT AMERICAN REALTY Call:352-422-6129 or see ALL at com 5 BDRM HUD $37,500! U OBER INVERNESS Lg. 2/2 W/D hkup, $600/mo 352-341-2182 /586-2205 LECANTO 1 Bedroom Apartment 352-613-2989/746-5238 r UNDER NEW " I MANAGEMENTII SMayo Drive & Lost Lake Apts. I Long & Short Term I SRentals Available S(352) 795-2626 3/2/2 Rent-to-Own New Home Citrus Spgs. Low Down. Easy Terms BETTER THAN RENT or RENT TO OWN NO CREDIT CHECKII 352-484-0866 lademlssion.com BEVERLY HILLS I 2 & 3-bedroom avail I $550-u p 352-637-2973 IL- --- J BEVERLY HILLS 2/1.5, CHA, dshwsher. New carpet, tile, etc. W/D.$650/mo. 8 Illinois. (352)6795-7374 BEVERLY HILLS Immaculate 3/2 $695, sec Move in Special 352-400-1501 527-2888 BEVERLY HILS FIRST MO.FREEl 1Bed w/FI. Rm.,CHA, W/D Sunroom 352-422-7794 CITRUS HILLS Pool, 671 Olympia 3/2/2 1 acre. $1175. 563-4169 CITRUS SPRINGS 2/1 Remodeled. W&D Cen- tral air. $650.mo. C. 2 mo free. (609) 457-9349 RENT TO OWN! CITRUS SPRINGS 2/1/CP, Scrnd porch, new LR carpet, CHA, CLEANI No petsl $575 (352)563-2114 CITRUS SPRINGS 3/1. New cond. No pets. $850/mo. Credit Ck. (352) 615-1612 CITRUS SPRINGS 4/2/2, Newer Home, lawn serve./2, W/D, next to Port Hotel, $300/wk. 26wk min. All util. inc. Sec/ dep neg. 352-795-8029 CRYSTAL RIVER 3/2/1, $725. mo. 1st& sec. No smoking 352-795-5126 DUNNELLON 3/2/1 Beautiful New home In Blue Cove. All apple. W/D, Quiet cul-de -sac. Acc. to Rainbow River. 352-489-8575 RIvrfrnt 2/2, Stilt, AC, $850mo (813) 312-9076 CITRUS SPRINGS 1 STUNNING NEWER HOME FOR RENT or RENT TO OWN Possible 4th BR/den 2,458sf. $995/mo 352-239-3700 CRYSTAL RIVER 3/2 home, Newly updated, near schools & mail $795/mo. F/L/S. 352-228-0795 3/2/2 Rent-to-Own New Home Citrus Spgs. Low Down, Easy Terms Danny (407) 227-2821 CRYSTAL RIVER $350, Share elec. No smoking/drugs. (352) 634-0708 INGLIS Share 5/2 on 11 acres. $500/mo. Call Lisa Broker/owner 352-422-7925 CONDOS, HOUSES SEAS, MONTHLY Furn & Unfurn. Heated pool.AII newll 352-302-1370 rentalfinder com CN--e -ES I CONDOS, HOUSES SEAS, MONTHLY | Furn & Unfurn. Heated pool.AII | new CLASSIFIED P-E- 3.9% LISTING MLS/3% CO-OP Why Pay More??? No Hidden Fees 25+Yrs. Experience $150+Million SOLDIII Please Call for Details & Market Analysis RON NEIIZ BROKER/REALTOR CITRUS REALTY GROUP (352)795-0060 -U .3/21/2 Ia. Backs to Black Diamond 3186 W Birds Nest Dr. MLS#315839 $289,700 352-586-1558 BETTY MORTON Im A Private Investor, Looking to Buy, Res. or Commercial Properties for CASH 305-542-4650 CRYSTAL RIVER 2,300 sf. Zoned GNC. 4/2/1 (AC garage), 2 Uv. Areas. Perfect for sm. bus./live-in resid.: Drs, Real Estate, etc. $1,500 Contact Alan (352) 584-1584 HERNANDO Prime GNC location near Citrus Hillsl Corner 486,2.08 Ac. 370' HWY frontage X 245' Deep.1984 sf. Block Biding. Stores/Offices. All GNC use. Ideal for Construction Site/ office. (352) 302-8932 3/2 CB House + Duplex Crystal River. Great Shape! Reduced to $179,900352-427-5574 HANDYMAN SPECIAL * CASH * * (973) 343-3344 Handyman Special! Cheap! CASHI HOME Built 2005. Priv fence, scr porch, upgraded kit. 7955 N. Galena Ave. $155,00 or OBO. 352-302-3103 COMFORTABLE AND CONVENIENT 2/1 Plus Fam. rm, fenced bkyrd. $89,900 Call Sally Henry Parsley Real Estate (352) 563-7491 r HOME OWNER SPECIAL SELL YOUR HOUSE TODAY $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ONE CALL ONE PRICE ONE MONTH ONLY $126.00 I$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Your Ad will aooears in the *Citrus County Chronicle *Beverly Hills Visitor *Riverland News *Riverland Shopper *South Marion Citizen *West Marion Messenger *Sumter County Times CALL TODAY (352) 563-5966 LOOK NO MOREl A Fantastic Valuel Reduced to $144,900. 2/2/2 Fai. Rm, DR, LR, hardwd firs. Ready to move in! Usting # 21030419 $219,900, 352-465-5233 14, 2007 13B - * - -" "Io % ME " - n- o 1 .CV. Forest Ridge Village 2/2/2 $825.00 Please Call for more Info (352) 341-3330 or visit the-web at: citrusvillages rentals.com Homosassa Meadows 3/2/2 from $695. River Links Realty 628-1616/800-488-5184 INVER/FLORAL CITY 2/1, W&D, quiet, clean, Ig. yard, NO PETS. $650/mo.352-613-6262 INVERNESS 1st Mo. Rent $6001 $900 thereafter. Newer 3/2/2, privacy fence. 352-346-2932/650-1232 Lanai, nice, Ig. home & yard refs. No smoking, $885+ sec 352-344-5783 INVERNESS 3/2/2, fam. rm. large home $900 1st, last, sec. 697-0970 746-6148 INVERNESS 55+ Lakefront park Exciting oppt'y, or 2BR Mobiles for rent. Screen porches, appl., water incl. Fishing piers. Beautiful trees. $350/up Leeson's 352-476-4964 INVERNESS Lg. 2/2/2 pool, smok/ pets ok. Golf comm. $1100/mo 1st. last, $1000 sec. (607) 351-2258 Lecanto Spacious 3/2/1, /2 acre fenced, pets ok, $850 mo. (352) 637-3484 PINE RIDGE 3/2, fncd. 1 Ac., Short Term Rental. Mo. to Mo. $750mo. 352-527-4317 PINE RIDGE 3/2'2/2, Screen Pool 5310 Yuma $1100/mo (352) 302-6025 R.L.E. Dunnellon 2/1.5, inside laundry. $675/mo.. Ist/lIst/sec. (352) 572-2993 SUGARMILL WOODS 3/2, 2.100 sf. Avail. 11/1. $1,000mo 352-382-3647 CRYSTAL RIVER 2/2-3/2 Upscale secure area, Non Smoking, 1st, Ist, long Ise. preferred $1,000. (352) 212-8504 CRYSTAL RIVER 3/2, fully furn, floating dock, boathouse, no bridges, minutes to Gulf, $850 wk, $2500 month, includes utilities. Call 352-266-1346 CRYSTAL RIVER Attention Power Plant Workers. Furnished Waterfront home, 2 RV sites, Lodge-type rooms. Weekly or Seasonal. By Owner. John (352) 628-0011 Lic. Real Estate Agent 20 Years Experience 2.8 % Commission Reia elect (352) 795-1555 $99,90011 2/1; 1,100 sf. 9 Polk Lease Opt. or Owner Financing Avail. Greg Younger, Coldwell Banker 1st Choice. (352)220-9188 Beautifully Remodeled Pool Home, Like New! 3/2/2 split fir plan. 1730sf, Scrnm. lanail w/heated self cleaning pool on dbl. lot. $179,900. FSBO (352) 476-2080 BETTER THAN RENT or RENT TO OWN NO CREDIT CHECKII 352-484-0866 jademlssion.com ESTATE SALE 3/2 CONVENIENT 2/1* Plus Fam. rm, fenced bkyrd- $89,900 Call Sally Henry Parsley Real Estate (352) 563-7491 READY TO MOVE INI , 2 BR, 1.5 BA, 1+ Gar. Close to Comm. Cntr. Seller Very Motivated $119,900.(352) 344-1113 (352) 346-2531 3/2/2 CRYSTAL GLEN ,900 SELLER WILL PAY $5K IN CLOSING COSTSI Ron Egnot 1st Choice Coldwell Bnkr. 352-287-9219 BONNIE PETERSON Realtor, GRI Your SATISFACTION CITRus COUNTY (FL) CHRONICLE -Ucanto rjMHome 4/3/2 POOL HOME Crystal Oaks 2,075 sf., Prof. Remodeled! Everything NEWI S. S. appl., granite $299,900. 727-254-2534/492-6679 apple &I352I $79.900 (813) 995-3728 3/2/IGospl Is. $169,900 >1,800 s,f. FI. Rm,, Scrnd Porch, Util, Big, on approx. 3/4 Ac. Room to build pool or add. home on inc. adj. lot. (352) 726-3481 3/2/2 Pool home fenced, .33 lot, 2738 sq.ft. underroof, built 1996, cath.ceilings, Open house 10/14 1-4p aftitS~lect (352) 795-1555 CHARMING 2BR/2BATH HIGHLANDS, corner lot, circular driveway, prequailified only Must See, $124,900 (352) 201-1663 Drastically Reduced, $149,000, Foxwood Estates, 3/2/2, fenced, landscaped, SS apple's, corian, wd cab. 16 seer Ht. pump., lanai, -5 Golf & Country Club Area. Beautiful 3/2/2, w/lanai,: www buyowner corn /toa64355 PRICED TO SELL 2/2/1, w/den. LV/DR and eat-in kchn. 1245 sq.ft,, fenced BY, H20 filter, concrete patio, wood deck, shed /elec $129,000. Call 201-9368 3/2 on CHURCH LAKE Built '05, 1428 sf. Like New! Near the Trail. Water access $240 1 ACRE in Seven Rivers Golf Community. Tastefully upgraded w/new roof, AC & screened lanal. Move-In Cond. $172K (352) 795-6151 3/2/2, V1 Ac. MOL Behind Home Depot Nice, quiet neighborhood. $139K (352) 795-7804 4/2/2, 2100 SF.$139,900 Beautifully remodeled. New oak cabs, wood floors, timberline roof, fireplace, 2 min. from water. (352) 688-8040 ASSUME MORTGAGE New job forces sale Never lived in. 5/3, hrdwd. firs, Chef's Kitch. FP, All Warranties i2 Ac. $239,900 352-746-5912 BETTY MORTON Beautiful Arthur Rutenberg home, 4/3/3 w/pool. Too many upgrades to list, Priced to sell! $379,900 Call for info (352) 382-4257 Best Buy 4/3/2 '06 w/ big bonus rm./5th bdrm. Approx. 2700 sq.ft. under air$ Located Ousde the Entrance to Sugciml so as to BingToYou Buyers! Call C.R. BanKson Listing & Selling Agent (352)464-1136 RE/MAX REALTY ONE Office (352) 628-7800 3.9% LISTING MLS/3% CO-OP Why Pay More??? No Hidden Fees 25+Yrs. Experience $150+Milllion SOLDI!! Please Call for Details & Market Analysis RON NEITZ BROKER/REALTOR CITRUS REALTY GROUP (352)795-0060 E- U111f Lic. Real Estate Agent 20 Years Experience 2.8 % Commission Re35') lect (352) 795-1555 BONNIE PETERSON Realtor, GRI Your SATISFACTION (352) 586-6921 or (352)795-9123 Charlotte G Realty & Investments LLC KINGS BAY DRIVE 4/2/2 on canal, immac. Pool home, separate suite, gated, $799,000 (352) 634-1805 Newly Remodeled 3/2 Home FSBO Priced to sell @ $95k. New flooring, appli- ances. Roof & A/C done. Near schools owner financing 409 NE 13th Terr. 352-228-0795 -E hema Realty (352) 228-1301 DIVORCED Need To Sell! 3/2/2 Updated shaded corner lot. $125,900 Cheryl Scruggs, Century21 J.W. Morton, R.E., Inc. (352) 697-2910 NEW 3/2 EXTRA LARGE Screen porch. Great FL. color scheme Ready to move in! Call Citrus Builder (352) 527-8764 R80033452 NEW 3/2 TILE FLOORS Sprinklers, Pool, Many ExtrasI Call Citrus Builder (352) 527-8764 RB0033452 "*J Hmsaiintiy 4h. HomesI!/21/2, On water, Make offer Call (352) 560-7251 CITRUS HILLS 2/2 Greenbrioar lst fir. turn. Near pool. $113,500 $1,000mo. 352-249-3155 ESTATE SALE CRYS RIV. 2/2 Wtrfrnt, Pool, Tennis All reas. offer consid. (352) 563-0418, Iv. msg. Lakefront Townhouse Condo 2BR/2BA, master suite W'D, all appliances Pritchard Island Inverness $129,000 (352) 697-2077 m .....N ....r, . Plantation Realty. Inc. (352) 795-0784 Cell 422-7925 Lisa VanDeboe Broker (R)/Owner See all of the listings in Citrus County at realtvinc.com * I BUY HOUSES * ANY CONDITION (352) 503-3245 1-15 HOUSES WANTED Cash or Terms John (352) 228-7523 wwwFastFloridaHouse Im A Private Investor, Looking to Buy, Res. or Commercial Properties for CASH (305)542-4650 WE BUY HOUSES Ca$h.......Fast I 352-637-2973 Ihomesold com ACREAGE FOR SALE 0.5 2.5 Zoned for MH or home. Priced to sell! By Owner. Ownr fin. avail. Low dwn, flex terms.Se Habla Espanol (800) 466-0460 10 ACRES Close to shopping. Owner finan. $149,900 Sheila Bensinger at Keller Willams Realty (352) 476-5403 20 ACRES HI & DRY Owner finan.$ 194,900 Sheila Bensinger at Keller Willams Realty (352) 476-5403 10038W. Caladonia Street Homosassa, FL 5 Vacant Lots each 75' X 100'. Lots 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 or .86 acre Price $13,900 or make offer Call (850) 402-8015 3/2 SW on Two '/ AC Lots. Scrn porch. BY OWNER, $44,500 1592 S Lookout Pt 2 blocks off US19 352-503-4142 CitusN Co untyl PALM HARBOR 4/2 Tile floor, energy pkg., Deluxel Loaded over 2,200 sq. fft. 30th Anniversary Sale Special!! Save$15KII Call for Free Color Brochures 800-622-2832 REALESTATE CAREER Sales Lic. Class $249 I I Start 10/30/07 CITRUS REAL ESTATE I SCHOOL, INC. (352)795-0060* VIC MCDONALD (352) 637-6200 Realtor My Goal is Satisfied Customers REALTY ONE Outstanding Agenlts Outstanding Results YOU LOVE IT OR WE BUY IT BACK Open House 1-5 Today 3/2 quiet nice, No Banks w/Down Pmnt. $99,900 (352) 533-2307 MR CITRUS COUNTY REALTY AP ALAN NUSSO 3.9% Listings INVESTORS RESIDENTIAL SALES COMMERCIAL SALES (352) 422-6956 ANUSSO.COM -I 1MVail. DURACRAFT 15' 6hp Yamaha, Low Hours, Wesco Trir, 2 swvl fishing seats. $1895 352-634-3679/628-5419 GRADY WHITE 22' '81 Cuddy, 200hp Evnrd, SS prop, New Biminl, Alum. Trir, New tires $8.000(352) 447-1244 I real SUGARMILL WOODS Oak Village, Balsam St. MUST SELL $39,900 (352) 613-2855 DIRECT RIVERFRONT LOT Homosassa, $209K. 120 x 60 ft. 2 Available Has Sewer & All Util. 813-695-7787 RENTALFINDER I rentalfindercomam Pair of '01 Sea-Doos GTX, 3 seaters, w/ trailer $8,000. obo (352) 601-4594 POLARIS '96 SLT780 w/Trlr('97 Shorelander) low hrs. Exc. cond. $3100 abo (352) 746-1635 WAVERUNNERS SEA-DOOs(3) '98-'00 new trailers 2w/ new engines, need clean-up and tuning. "Empty my Garage" $4200/Trade Cryst. Riv (352) 795-7876 12FT FISHING BOAT Like Stumpknocker, baitwell, rod holders, needs trailer, $150 (352) 341-0787 All 2007 Century Boat Packages Receive A FREE Trailer Stop In and SAVE SAVE! DEMO SALE '06 CENTURY 2600 C/C Tn F-150's, Yamaha Alum. Td., Full Warn $77495 '07 OUTER BANKS $13,595 '03 CHAPARRAL 215 * SS Cuddy Mercruiser & Trailer, Fast & Clean $22,600 .,4ilers, 2 yrs. old tandem galv. Trailer, new tires. Must sell for health reasons, $17,900/obo (352) 201-9524 Aqua Sport 1995, 20 ft., electronics, trir., bimini, 140 Johnson, excel, cond. $7,500. (352) 302-0001 Area's Largest Selection of Clean Used Boats THREE RIVERS MARINE 0** i Outof Tow p^siT~ib ff TRIUMPH '78 Spitfire Many extras call for details $4000 " $2$.|$ MONIMY Oci-cumn 14 2007 CONNELL HEIGHTS on W. Pine Circle at entrance from Rock Crusher Rd. $18,000 OBO0 (352) 795-2258 FARMS & WATER FRONT ,.^ CAROLINA SKIFF 17' 40Hp Yamaha, Good Fishing Boat $2900 (352) 795-3795 KEY WEST 19' fishing boat, fish finder, GPS, Canvas, 115Hp Yamaha, TrIr inci $7000obo 352-302-3614 LOWE 17' Bass Boat w/Trailer 50HP 4 stroke Yamaha. Exc. cond. $5900. (352) 795-9873 Nature Coast Marine New, Used & Brokerage We Pay Cash for Clean Used Boats www BoatSuoer CeDlter.Lc 352 794-0094 SNature Coast Marine Sales & Service i Present this Ad for 10% Off on all I | Parts & Service | 1590 US 19, * Homosassa 352-794-0094 L iI SUNBIRD 17' 90HP Johnson w/traler, $2200. (352) 726-8716 TREMBLY '93 171 DAMON 32', 1992 454 Chevy eng, 27K, 2 ACs, queen bed.Non Smoking, No pets, Lots of extras & Exc. Cond! $18,500 (352) 527-8247 DODGE '80 Mobile Traveler 20' Class C, 52K mi., $2,700 OBO slides on pick-up, Sleeps 4, refrig, stove, good cond. $875. obo (352) 465-3539 (352) 615-2042 ALL SAVE AUTO i AFFORDABLE CARS I S 100+ Clean Dependable Cars FROM $450- DOWN 30MIN. E-Z CREDIT 31675 US HWY 19 I HOMOSASSA I 352-563-2003 = 9 AUTOMOBILE* DONATIONS Tax Deductible Maritime Ministries 43 year old Non-reporting 501-C-3 Charity. (352) 795-9621 Tax Deductible * BUICK '05 Century, Custom pwr, all tilt, CC, CD plyr. ONLY 3100 MI $14,900 (352) 212-0750 BUICK 1989 Regal, 100K mi. great shape. $1500/obo (352) 586-0417 BUICK LaSabre '00 Custom whl-mnt. carriage top, clean, Must see/drive $4500 352-527-6802 CADILLAC signature series, 25mpg, north star, beautiful dependable 90k mi. $4,700. (352) 795-7876 r Cadillac l '98, Sedan Deville, l Rise in style I $3,998. | * 1-866-838-4376 --- m ---mo mU. CADILLAC Deville '92 cold A/C, New tires, well mntnd, runs exc. A Must See! $1800 (352) 613-5869 CHEVY Corvette '92 Red. 140k mi. Ml. Exc. Cond. $8800 (352) 341-4805 FORD 2005 Taurus, 21K mi., Like Newl Sunroof, $9,500 Citrus Hills. (352) 746-1321 FORD '93 Taurus GL Station Wagon, Loaded! $2,900 OBO (352) 563-1181 (813) 244-3945 FORD ESCORT '97 ,30mpg! Auto., ICE COLD air, 153K miles, good cond., $1,995 obo (352) 584-2464 HONDA '03, Civic EX, 67k miles call before it gone 1-866-838-4376 HONDA '99, Accord LX one owner low miles | Only $8,998 1-866-838-4376 INFINITY G35 '06 Coupe, 12K mi, Blue/ creme, beautiful & perfectly $29,800 (352) 860-1239 LINCOLN '97, Continental 1 owner, leather, loaded, 109k mi. non smoker, $2,950 firm (352)341-0004 LINCOLN MK VIII '96, 2dr., sunroof, 300HP dohc 4.6L, V-8 looks good, runs well $2,900 352-586-8620 LINCOLN Towncar '89, Runs & Looks Good. Only $650 Quick Sale! Dunnellon (352) 489-1624 MAZDA 1994 Miata, black, 5-spd., A/C, PS, am/fm 49K mi., $4,200 (352) 726-9157 '97 Pop-up, 2 qu. beds, gas stove, kit. CHA, araged, great cond. 3,000 (352) 746-0230 FLEETWOOD '06, 5th Wheel Gearbox toy hauler, inci slider, king bed over garage, full bd.in front, genera- tor, twin LP's, sport de- cor. Can be seen in storage, behind Beverly Hills ULiquor store $22,500. (352) 746-2699 KEYSTONE 2005, 32' Bunkhouse w/master. Sleeps 8, microwave. Mint! Value $18K, Sell for $12K OBO 941-626-3951 OPEN ROAD 36', '03, 5thWhl, isind kit., 3 slides. No pets/smkng. Used & pulled very little. $21,500 (352) 563-9835 * TOWING TRAV. TRLR * OR BOAT, ACROSS TOWN OR COUNTRY REAS. i (352) 746-0802 UTILITY TRAILER Homesteader '97 8' x 4' Enclosed $700 (352) 746-4558 ALUM. TRUCK BED 8 X 9 w/Gooseneck H.U. Off 2005, F-350, $2,800 obo 352-212-3655 CAR STEREO DECK Alpine AM/FM/CD & XM Sat. Radio + Subwfr. Great sound Like New only $150 352-208-4428 Sell or Trade Cheap S10 Pick Up, Parts, Race Car, Parts (352) 621-3420 TRUCK CAP ARE Brand w/bullt in lockable compart- ments & double doors. Fits Ford w/8' bed. $650obo (352) 726-5601 r PD eR$ $ TOP DOLLAR I. CLASSIFIED Cab, 4 X 4, 5.3, V-8, 27K, Pwr Wdw, AC, bedliner. Exc. Shape.$18,500obp (352) 726-5840 CHEVY Astro, AWD '95 $2600.00 Rebuilt motor, new all & battery, Custom ex- haust, wheels, Pioneer CD 352-642-4009 CADILLAC '95 Deville, Needs work. $499 1006 Princeton Ln Inverness 352-563-4169 I MERCEDES, '87, 560 SL, 126K, White, Both tops, REDUCED! $9,999 352-586-6805/ 382-1204 L-- -- J c.n, $11,700 (352) 382-5191 TOYOTA '00 Avalon, Low Mi. Exc. Cond. Gargd, Sr. Owned. All opts. $9,600 352-726-3730/422-0201 r -TOYOTA7 q '05, Corrolla LE I TRANSPORTATION SPECIAL SELL YOUR CAR I TODAY S$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ONE CALL ONE PRICE 2 WEEKS ONLY $99.99 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ apoears In the *Citrus County Chronicle *Beverly Hills Visitor *Riverland News *Riverland Shopper *South Marion Citizen *West Marion Messenger *Sumter County Times CALL TODAY (352) 563-5966 T TRANSPORTATION SPECIAL SELL YOUR CAR TODAY I$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ONE CALL ONE PRICE 2 WEEKS ONLY $99.99 Your Ad will S opears in the *Citrus County Chronicle *Beverly Hills Visitor Riverland News *Riveriand Shopper *South Marion Citizen *West Marion Messenger *Sumter County Times CALL TODAY I (352) 563-5966 WHEEL OF A DEAL I I I 1 ". Your Donation of A Vehicle Supports Single, Homeless Mothers & Is Tax Deductible Donate your vehicle TO THE PATH (Rescue Mission for Men Women & .Children) at (352) 527-6500 r TOYOTA I '03, Corolla, S Don't hesitate | S.1-866-838-4376 i- iii J Lic. Real Estate Agent 20 Years Experience 2.8 Percent Commission Rea select (352) 795-1555 BUY NOW Bargains Everywhere! Call Now for Great Deals & Foreclosures Deb Infantine EXIT REALTY LEADERS (352) 302-8046 CRYSTAL SHORES 2/3 den. Dock, boat slip. on 2 lots, porch w/ vinyl' windows, overlook gorgeous lagoon mln. to gulf, excel. cond. REDUCED 352-795-7593 EXCEPTIONAL VALUEII Waterfront 2/2/1 in Dixie Shores $338,500 John Maisel III Exit Realty (352)794-0888 LET OUR OFFICE GUIDE YOU! CHEVY S10 LS '00 Ext'd Cab 4Cyl. Auto. A/C. PS, New Cooper Trs., bd liner, Tow pkg. $6,335- 352-422-2025 CHEVY S10 LS '01 V6 Ext. Cab' Crz. Cntl. A/C, Alloy WhIs. 90k Mi. Runs Exc. Exc. Tires $7,695 obo 352-527-1432 DODGE '01 Dakota, LST 4X4 Quad cab. exc, cond., 59,000 mi. FORD * '02, F-150, XLT, super I crew 4 x 4, better.' I. hurry at $12,988. 1-866-838-4376 " FORD '06, Econoline 150 Van, 10,950 mi., V8, balance of warranty, white, $14,000. 352-382-4547 352-382-4888 FORD 2001, F-550, Turbo 4 X 4, Crew Cab.! 7.3 Diesel flatbed.= Gooseneck & reese, auto trans. Only 13Q TOYOTA '06 Tacoma 4 Cyl, Auto, 41k, Exc., Cond, 7yr. 100k Wrty, $12,900 (352) 697-1200, ---- -'. r TOYOTA '06, Tacoma crew . i double cab 8900 ml. I I trd only $23,990 , S1-866-838-4376 , CHEVROLET '05 TRAILBLAZER, 2WD Sunrf, XM Radio, Bose prem. snd sys. w/6 disc chngr, Trir. pkg. 28K mi $13,900. 352-465-9233 CHEVY 1990 SUBURBAN 8 pass. frnt/rear air, Frnt capt- chrs. $2300. (352) 726-8716 - CHEVY '94 Blazer S-10, 4X4,4 dr., ,4.3 auto, All pwr. opts, Cold AC. 124K mi. $2,450 (352)453-6870 FORD 1998, Explorer Sport, 1 owner, no damage,- everything works, clean- $3,950., (352) 527-9161 FORD 2001, Explorer Sport, all options except. 4x4 , leather & 6 CD Radio. - $5,950. (352) 527-9161' FORD '94 Explorer, Eddie Bauer, 4 dr. 4 X 4, Exc. Body, Needs Mtr. Wk. $800obo (352)341-1486 r HONDA - '05, CRV, consumer I reports best buy I * a steal at $13,988 * 1-866-838-4376 S JEEP Grand Cherokee '03 loaded, leather, 78k mi. full-time, 4whl dr. $15,900 352-586-8981 JEEP Grand Cherokee SRT8 '06, Red, loaded, Hemf 6.1 17k mi Exc. Cond.' $34k (352) 503-6300 CHEVY 04 Silverado 1500, Ext" CIRus COUNTY (FL) CHRONICLE .,IIIV '86, runs good. Good ,work van. $1,000 (352) 205-6053 -- DODGE 00, Conversion Van, ;"500 Ram, 83k mi., ljeded, excel, cond. $J0,500. (352) 637-4123 "' DODGE .'IYCaravan Cargo .l"Runs good. $300. 352-726-8388 'J' DODGE '94 Caravan, Runs Great! Ice Cold AC, 117K $1,200 obo (352) 341-1486 DODGE -'94, 1-Ton Work an, Ex Painters Van, $1,200. obo (352) 201-0658 DODGE '98 Ram 2500 Jayco Camp Convers. 59 Ltr, fully loaded, refdg, microwv, sink. TV, VCR, fact. Instl roof A/C for camping, 70k Mi., I S-owner $10,500 -(727) 647-8135 DODGE '99, Conversion Van, *64k mi., 1 owner, $6,000 obo "352) 628-4943 DODGE RAM B2500 '96 conv/ dubl air, 4 capt chrs & bed, looks/ runs great, $2500, 352-341-4306 FORD F-150 Econoline Conversion Van, '94, 174K, Mint Cond.! $6,000obo 382-7888 FORD Windstar '98 Cold A/C, 120k mi. .Good Condition $2600 '(352) 613-5869 m. -mm- q NISSAN '04, Quest - ring the family Only $199 a month S1-866-838-4376 Plymouth '02, Voyager SE tgke that vacation Only $4,990 1 .--866-838-4376 .-- TOYOTA 1998 Sienna Mini van S1-owner, well main- tained, $4,700 (352) 228-9052 or 527-3211 HANDICAPPED VAN FOR SALE -andicapped van with Braun liffthand con- trols, six way power seat, fully loaded, wood package with TV,VCR, Ford E250.1993- with under 40,000 miles. Asking $18.000 or best pffer... 352-270-3883. MR CITRUS COUNTY REALTY "- '- -" ALAN NUSSO 3.9% Listings INVESTORS RESIDENTIAL SALES COMMERCIAL SALES (352) 422-6956 ANUSSO.COM *FREE REMOVAL OF. ATV's, bikes, cars, jet skis rnowers, golf carts. We eleIIATV parts 628-2084 HONDA ,1995, 650 Shadow, lots of chrome, saddle -bags, helmets, $3,000 pp POLARIS 200 '06 Low Hours $2000 Dunnellon 727-239-6771 POLARIS 2005 330 Magnum ATV Exc. cond. $2500 (352) 795-7766 SUZUKI 250 '06 $2500 low hours Dunnellon 707010A77 , Blk, Drag pipes, back rest, great shape 15k mi. $5000 352-613-2023 HARLEY '92 Heritage Softail Teal/Crm, Chrome, New Tires, Top end Batt., least,mi, $14,900. (352) 220-2126id, stck/drag pipes, Sissy bar, bckrst, xtras. $4200/obo 352-422-6495 mi. full lugg. new tires, cd,. windshld, & more $4600 obo/trade 621-7832 486-1015 MCRN City of Crystal River PUBLIC NOTICE NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN by the City Council of the City ofCrystal River, Florida that a PUBLIC HEARING will be heldfor Assessment Areas 101 and 101/108 at 7:00 p.m., on Monday, October 22, 2007 tNis meeting will need a record of the proceedings and for such purpose may need to provide that a ver- batirfm record of the proceeding Is made, which record Includes testimony and evidence upon which the ap- peal Is to be based. (Soctlon 286.0105 Florida Statutes) Any' person requiring reasonable accommodation at this'meeting because of a disability or physical Impair- mert October 8 and 15, 2007 479-1029 MCRN Dissolution of Marriage ,. .- PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE 5TH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND FOR CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA Case No. 2002-DR-4218 Division TIN4.M, COLLELO - Petitioner and DAVID L. DAUGHERTY Respondent NOTICE OF ACTION FOR DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE TO: DAVID L. DAUGHERTY Laosfknown Address: 3527 Libby Loop, Tampa, FL 33619 YOU ARE NOTIFIED that an action has been filed against you and that you are required to serve a copy of your written defenses, if any, to it on Tina M. Collelo, Whose address is 3055 N, Melody Terrace, Crystal River, FL 34428, on or before November 7, 2007, and file the original with the clerk of this Court at 110 N. Apopka Avenue, Inverness, FL 34450, before service on Peti- tioner or immediately thereafter. If you fail to do so, a default may be entered against you for the relief de- mapded in the petlion. Copies of all court documents in this case, including ofleirs, are available at the Clerk of the Circuit Court's 6ffle. You may review these documents upon request. YisTtust keep the Clerk of the circuit Court's office no- iff- rniitls and information. Failure to comply can result in sefitons, including dismissal or striking of pleadings. Doted: September 21, 2007 BETTY STRIFLER, Clerk of Courts Clerk of the Circuit Court (SEAL) By: D. Bertoch Deputy Clerk Published four (4) times In the Citrus County Chronicle, October 8, 15, 22 and 29, 2007. 490-1022 MCRN 2007-CA-3827 The Deltona Corp. vs. Shamsul Karim Notice of Action PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIFTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND FOR CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA CIVIL DIVISION CASE NUMBER: 2007-CA-3827 THE DELTONA CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation, properly described below. YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED that an action to fore- close a mortgage on the following property in Citrus County, Florida: Lot 4, Block 504, of CITRUS SPRINGS UNIT FIVE, accord- ing to the Plat thereof, as recorded In Plat Book 6, at Pages 14-1022 MCRN 2007-CA-3826 The Deltona Corp. vs. Shamsul Karim Notice of Action PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIFTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND FOR CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA CIVIL DIVISION CASE NUMBER: 2007-CA-3826 THE DELTONA CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporaticn, 3, Block 504, of CITRUS SPRINGS UNIT FIVE, accord- ing to the Plot thereof, as recorded in Plat Book 6, at Pages I2-1022 MCRN 09-2007-CA-004534 Regions Bank Vs. Mario Ruano-Parada... Notice of Action Foreclosure Proceedings Property, PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT OF THE 5th JUDICIAL CIRCUIT OF FLORIDA, IN AND FOR CITRUS COUNTY Case #: 09-2007-CA-004534 Division # UNC: Regions Bank d/b/a Regions Mortgage successor by Merger to Union Planters Bank, N.A.,, Plaintiff. -vs.- Mario Ruano-Parada and Tammy K. Ruano- Parada-Kaawaloa, His Wife; Unknown Parties In Posession #1; Unknown Parties In Possession #2; If living, and all Unknown Parties claiming by, through, under and against the above named Defendarit(s) who are not known to be dead or alive, whether said Unknown Parties may claim An Interest As Spouse, Heirs, Devisees, Grantees, Or Other Claimants Defendantss. NOTICE OF ACTION FORECLOSURE PROCEEDINGS-PROPERTY TO: Mario Ruano-Parada; ADDRESS UNKNOWN BUT WHOSE LAST KNOWN ADDRESS IS: 220 South Davis Street, Beverly Hills, FL 34465 and Tammy K. Ruano-Parada-Kaawaloa; ADDRESS UNKNOWN BUT WHOSE LAST KNOWN ADDRESS IS: 220 South Davis 25, BLOCK 111 OF BEVERLY HILLS UNIT NO. 6 SECTION 3-B, ACCORDING TO THE PLAT THEREOF AS RECORDED IN PLAT BOOK 12, PAGE(S) 66 TO 67, OF THE PUBLIC RECORDS OF CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA. more commonly known as 220 South Davis 5th day of October, 2007. BETTY STRIFLER Circuit and County Courts (SEAL) By: /s/ M. A. Michel Deputy Clerk Published two (2) times In the Citrus County Chronicle, October 15 and 22. 2007. 07-80603T CLASSIFIED 482-1029 MCRN 2007-CA-3786 Susann M. Fuoco Vs. Donald R. Peterson Notice of Action PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIFTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT IN AND FOR CITRUS COUNTY. FLORIDA CASE NUMBER: 2007-CA-3786 SUSANN M. FUOCO, Plaintiff. vs. DONALD R. PETERSON, Defendants. NOTICE OF ACTION TO: DONALD R. PETERSON last known address: 302 Blackwater Place Longwood, FL 32750 YOU ARE NOTIFIED that on action for Partition concerning the following real property In Citrus County, Florida: That part of Lot 5, Block 7, of TOWN PLAT OF HOMOSASSA, according to Plat thereof as recorded in Plat Book 1, Page 6, Public Records of Citrus County, Florida, described as follows: Beginning at a point on the East boundary of Lot 5, Block 7, which said point is 28 feet Southerly along said Eastern boundary of said Lot 5 from the Northeast corner of said lot, using this as the point of beginning, run thence Northerly along said Eastern boundary of said Lot 5, 28 feet to the Northeast corner of said lot, thence run Westerly alorig the North- ern boundary of said Lot 5 to the Northwest corner of said lot; thence run Southerly along the waters edge of Otter Creek a distance of 40 feet, thence run Easterly to the Point of November 7, 2007, and file the original with the Clerk of this Court either before service on Plaintiff's attorney or Immediately thereafter: otherwise a default will be entered against you for the relief demanded in the Complaint, DATED this 28 day of September, 2007. BETTY STRIFLER As Clerk of the Court By: /s/ MA. Michel Deputy Clerk Published four (4) times In the Citrus County Chronicle, October 8, 15, 22 and 29, 2007. 483-1015 MCRN 092007CA00426 IXXXXXX US Bank, Vs. Virginia A. Heatherly; et a.., Notice of Action PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA CIVIL DIVISION CASE NO. 092007CA004261XXXXXX US BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION AS TRUSTEE FOR THE MLMI SURF TRUST SERIES 2006-BCI, Plaintiff, vs. VIRGINIA A. HEATHERLY: et al., Defendants. NOTICE OF ACTION TO: VIRGINIA A. HEATHERLY and JOHN HEATHERLY Lost Known Address 6079 East Slate Street Inverness, FL 34452 Current Residence is Unknown YOU ARE NOTIFIED that an action to foreclose a mort- gage on the following described property In Citrus County, Florida: LOT 33 BLOCK 400, INVERNESS HIGHLANDS WEST, AC- CORDING TO THE PLAT THEREOF AS RECORDED IN PLAT BOOK 5, PAGE 19, OF THE 33339-1438, within 30 days from first date of oublicatllon and file the original with the Clerk of this Court either before service on Plaintiff's attorneys or Immediately thereafter; otherwise a default will be entered against you for the relief demanded in the complaint or peti- tion. September 28, 2007. BETTY STRIFLER. Clerk of Courts As Clerk of the Court By: /s/ M. A. Michel As Deputy Clerk Published two (2) times in the Citrus County Chronicle, October 8 and 15, 2007. 481-1015 MCRN 09-2007-CA-004537 Regions Bank Vs. Hector 1. Alfaro... Notice of Action Foreclosure Proceedings Property, PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT OF THE 5th JUDICIAL CIRCUIT OF FLORIDA, IN AND FOR CITRUS COUNTY Case #: 09-2007-CA-004537 Division # UNC: Regions Bank d/b/a Regions Mortgage Successor by Merger to Union Platners Bank, N.A.,, Plaintiff, -vs.- Hector I. Alfaro and Carmen G. Ramos, His Wife; Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc., as nominee for Delta Funding Corporation; Unknown Parties In Posession : Hector I. Alfaro; ADDRESS UNKNOWN BUT WHOSE LAST KNOWN ADDRESS IS: 228 South Monroe 22, BLOCK 104, BEVERLY HILLS UNIT NUMBER SIX, SECTION ONE, ACCORDING TO PLAT THEREOF RE- CORDED IN PLAT BOOK 11, PAGES 89 THROUGH 91, IN- CLUSIVE, PUBLIC RECORDS OF CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA. AND BEGIN AT THE MOST NORTHERLY CORNER OF LOT 21, IN BLOCK 104, OF BEVERLY HILLS, UNIT NUMBER SIX, SEC- TION ONE, ACCORDING TO PLAT THEREOF AS RECORDED IN PLAT BOOK 11, PAGES 89 THROUGH 91, INCLUSIVE, PUBLIC RECORDS OF CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA, THENCE SOUTH 51 DEGREES EAST 120 FEET TO THE MOST EASTERLY CORNER OF SAID LOT 21, THENCE, SOUTH 39 DEGREES WEST, ALONG THE MOST SOUTHEASTERLY LINE OF SAID LOT 21, A DISTANCE OF 40 FEET, THENCE NORTH 51 DE- GREES WEST 120 FEET, TO THE POINT ON THE MOST NORTHWESTERLY LINE OF SAID LOT 21, THENCE NORTH 39 DEGREES EAST, ALONG SAID NORTHWESTERLY LINE, A DISTANCE OF 40 FEET TO THE POINT OF BEGINNING. more commonly known as 228 South Monroe 28th day of September, 2007. BETTY STRIFLER Circuit and County Courts (SEAL) By: /s/ M. A. Michel Deputy Clerk Published two (2) times In the Citrus County Chronicle, October 8 and 15, 2007. .-, I KR' 462-1015 MCRN 2007-CA-4548 Brenda Joy Campbell vs. Cope ti- tle88-1105 MCRN 2007-DR-4877 Ronald T. Hudnet, Sr. Vs. Heather Marie Maxson Notice of Action PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIFTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT IN AND FOR CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA CASE NO. 2007-DR-4877 Division: Family RONALD T. HUDNET, SR., and EDNA MAE HUDNET, and JOSEPH NICHOLAS MONDAY, Petitioners. and HEATHER MARIE MAXSON a/k/a HEATHER MARIE BRESSAN, Respondent. NOTICE OF ACTION TO: HEATHER MARIE MAXSON, a/k/a HEATHER MARIE BRESSAN Last known address: UNKNOWN YOU ARE NOTIFIED that an action has been filed against you and that you are required to serve a copy of your written defenses, If any, to It on Rhonda Portwood, whose address Is 101 N. Osceola Ave., Inver- ness, FL 34450, on or before November 14, 2007, and file the original with the clerk of this Court at 110 North Apopka Ave., Inverness, FL 34450, before service on Pe- titioner or Immediately thereafter. If you fail 5, 2007 BETTY STRIFLER, Clerk of Courts CLERK OF THE CIRCUIT COURT By: Vivian Cancel Deputy Clerk Published four (4) times in the Citrus County Chronicle on October 15, 22, 29 and November 5, 2007. 493-1022 MCRN 2007-CA-003778 Wells Fargo Bank Vs. Emmanuel Charles, etal. Notice of Action PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE 5TH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND FOR CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA CIVIL DIVISION CASE NO.: 2007-CA-003778 WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., AS TRUSTEE UNDER THE POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT DATED AS OF SEPTEMBER 1,2006 SECURITIZED ASSET BACKED RECEIVABLES LLC TRUST 2006-HE2 MORTGAGE PASS THROUGH CERTIFICATES, SERIES 2006-HE2, Plaintiff, vs. EMMANUEL CHARLES, et al., Defendants. NOTICE OF ACTION UNKNOWN SPOUSE UNKNOWN SPOUSE OF YOU ARE NOTIFIED that an action for Foreclosure of Mortgage on the following described property: LOT 3, BLOCK 53,. has been filed against you and you are required to serve a copy of your written defenses, If any, to it, on Marshall C. Watson, PA., Attorney for plaintiff, whose address is 1800 NW49'M/ Vivian Cancel As Deputy Clerk Published two (2) times In the Citrus County Chronicle, on October 15 and 22. 2007 487-1015 MCRN Smltty's Auto Sale PUBLIC NOTICE NOTICE OF SALE Notice is hereby given 'hot the undersigned intends to sell the vessels described below under Florida Statutes. 713.78. The undersigned will sell at public sale by com-. petitive bidding on Friday, October 26, 2007 at 9:00 am on the premises where said vessels have been stored and which are located at Smitty's Auto, Inc., 4631 W. Cardinal St., Homosassa, Citrus County, Florida, the fol- lowing: Year: Make: FL ID#: Hull ID# 1990 Kawasaki 0394HE KAW83142A090 1990 Seadoo 9940GG ZZN08568A090 Purchase must be paid for at the time of purchase in,' cash only, Vessels sold as is and must be removed at.' the time of sale. Sale is subject to cancellation in the:. event of settlement, between owner and obligated* party. Published one (1) time in the Citrus County Chronicle on October 15. 2007. 491-1022 MCRN 09-2007-CA-4208 Deutsche Bank National Trust Co., Vs. James Gillespie, et al. Notice of Action PUBLIC NOTICE IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE 5TH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND FOR CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA CIVIL DIVISION CASE NO.: 09-2007-CA-4208 DEUTSCHE BANK NATIONAL TRUST COMPANY, AS TRUSTEE OF AMERIQUEST MORTGAGE SECURITIES, INC. ASSET BACKED PASS THROUGH CERTIFICATES, SERIES 2005-R7 UNDER THE POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT DATED AS OF AUGUST 1, 2005, WITHOUT RECOURSE., Plaintiff, vs. JAMES GILLESPIE A/K/A JAMES A. GILLESPIE, et al., Defendants. NOTICE OF ACTION TO: JAMES GILLESPIE A/K/A JAMES A. GILLESPIE Last Known Address: 938 W. Colbert Avenue. Beverly Hills. FL 34465 Current Residence: Unknown BILLIE GILLESPIE A/K/A BILLIE S. GILLESPIE Last Known Address: 938 W. Colbert Avenue. Beverly HIls, FL 34465 Current Residence: Unknown YOU ARE NOTIFIED that an action for Foreclosure of Mortgage on the following described property: LOT 19, BLOCK 202, OF OAKWOOD VILLAGE OF BEVERLY HILLS PHASE ONE, ACCORDING TO THE PLAT THEREOF AS RECORDED IN PLAT BOOK 14, PAGES 10 THROUGH 14, INCLUSIVE OF THE PUBLIC RECORDS OF CITRUS COUNTY, FLORIDA. has been filed against you and you are required to serve a copy of your written defenses, if any, to It, on Marshall C. Watson, P.A., Attorney for plaintiff, whose address Is 1800 NW 49"/ Marcia A. Michel As Deputy Clerk Published two (2) times in the Citrus, County Chronicle, on October 15 and 22, 2007 489-1022 MCRN 2007-CA-003437 Green Tree Servicing LLC FINANCIAL WILLIAM SCRIVEN JR.; SHANTA N. CANELY;; STATE OF FLOR- IDA; CITRUS COUNTY, A POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA; WHETHER DISSOLVED OR PRESENTLY EXISTING, TOGETHER WITH ANY GRANTEES, ASSIGNEES, CREDITORS, LIENORS, OR TRUSTEES OF SAID DEFENDANTS) AND ALL OTHER PERSONS CLAIMING BY, THROUGH UNDER OR AGAINST DEFENDANTSS; UN- KNOWN TENANT #1; UNKNOWN TENANT #2; Defendantss. NOTICE OF ACTION TO: THE UNKNOWN SPOUSE OF KATHRINA D. SCRIVEN; IF LIVING, INCLUDING ANY UNKNOWN SPOUSE OF SAID DEFENDANTSS, IF REMARRIED, AND IF DECEASED, THE RESPECTIVE UNKNOWN HEIRS, DEVISEES, GRANTEES, AS- SIGNEES, CREDITORS, LIENORS, AND TRUSTEES, AND ALL OTHER PERSONS CLAIMING BY, THROUGH, UNDER OR AGAINST THE NAMED DEFENDANTS): TRACT B, UNRECORDED SUBDIVISION OF LOT 51, HOLIDAY ACRES I: POINT fail to 'ile your answer or written defenses In the above proceeding, on plaintiff's attorney, a default will be entered against you for the relief demanded In the Complaint or Petition. DATED at CITRUS County this 9th day of October, 2007. BETTY STRIFLER, Clerk of Courts Clerk of the Circuit Court By: /s/ Vivian Cancel October 15 and 22, 2007, lee MONDAY~ OCTOBER 15, 2007 Gimus GOUNIY ~'FL) CHRONICLE YOU NEED TO KNOW EXACTLY WHAT YOUR CAR IS WORTH, NO MATTER WHERE YOU PLAN TO BUY! CALL L T -f INSTANT APPRAISAL LINE.. IT'S FREE! 800-3 Aft FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 421 SAVE $5,000 s10,999 ( FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 422 SAVE 16,000 s1 6,999 FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 423 SAVE 9,000 sl 7 999 0 DOWN 1189 MO* MO* '0 DOWN MO* 0 DOWN 2007 CAMRY 2007 ACCORD 2007 CADILLAC 2007 TOWN CAR FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 1' 800-325-1415 EXT. 441 $17,488 SAVE 4,500 -. FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 442 16,988 SAVE 5,500oo ----: FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE ItT--j 800-325-1415 EXT. 443 25,588 oSAV $11,000 FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE S WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 444 26,988 sQSAVE $2698 $11,000 2007 EXPLORER .' m- BS -~i'. 2007 TRAILBLAZER 2007 TAHOE 2007 CARAVAN - FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 449 $19,888 SAVE 17,000 - ,FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE J" i WITH INFORMATION AND -rr SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 450 $20,488 SAVE 16,500 FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 451 $27,888 ,A 0s0 100 vj :15 0 l FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE J-(,. WITH INFORMATION AND .- J: SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 452 14,F888 SAVE $8,000 2005 SONATA 2005 LIBERTY 2005 SILVERADO 2005 RAM rii.^^i FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 457 8,988 1169,o* I--AJREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE /41 WITH INFORMATION AND 'J- 4 SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 458 11,988 '189"" FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE ,- WITH INFORMATION AND "(--- SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE -'- r800-325-1415 EXT. 459 '13,488 219 "MO 2003 ALTIMA 2003 FRONTIER 2002 COROLLA FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSA&i ,- WITH INFORMATION AND S SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 460 13,988 s219 "' 2001 CIVIC I~ -',- FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 465 10,888 199m" C J .JREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE 7 WITH INFORMATION AND Y"1-1, SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE -----' 800-325-1415 EXT. 466 18,988 1189mo FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE J/".- WITH INFORMATION AND (JL -SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE 800-325-1415 EXT. 467 16,988 s149 MO FREE 24 HOUR RECORDED MESSAGE WITH INFORMATION AND , U7-J SPECIAL PRICING ON THIS VEHICLE ". 800-325-1415 EXT. 468 16F988 1149ml 0C A LAN NS I S Al. III,:: I ALI 168 MONDAY, OC-1-013FR 15, 2007 CITRUS COUNTY (FL) CHRONICLE zo '0249 1269 de=43- N- Contact Us | Permissions | Preferences | Technical Aspects | Statistics | Internal | Privacy Policy © 2004 - 2010 University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries.All rights reserved. Acceptable Use, Copyright, and Disclaimer Statement Last updated October 10, 2010 - - mvs | http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00028315/01036 | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | refinedweb | 46,985 | 75 |
Capture Drawings and Signatures in a NativeScript app
Using the NativeScript-DrawingPad plugin in a NativeScript app you can create a drawing pad. This is great for capturing signatures or any touch drawing on the device.
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Using the NativeScript-DrawingPad plugin in a NativeScript app you can create a drawing pad. This is great for capturing signatures or any touch drawing on the device.
We'll start by adding the plugin using the tns plugin add command. The name of the plugin is nativescript-drawingpad.
With the plugin installed, the first thing we need to do is declare the xml namespace for the view component. We're going to say dpad, and then you just reference the module which is nativescript-drawingpad. This allows us to use the view component on our page.
Here we'll go ahead and just add a stack-layout. Inside of the stack-layout we're going to add the drawing pad.
Now this right here is the class that is actually in the module. We're going to give this an ID of mydrawing, then we're going to set two unique properties on the drawingpad -- pen-color, we'll just do it to a shade of blue, and pen-width, which sets the stroke width of the drawing, and we'll use 7. We'll also just hard code a height here for the example of 250.
The next thing we need to do is we're going to add a button, so that when we tap the button we can actually convert this drawing into an image using one of the function that the drawingpad exposes.
We'll call the button getDrawing, and the tap event will also refer to the method called getDrawing. We can go a step further and have an image here. We'll just say drawingimage as the id, so when we tap the button we'll get the actual drawing converted to an image, and then we're going to set the source of this image.
First thing, is we're going to import from the nativescript-drawingpad plugin. We just get the drawing pad class, and we're also going to import a NativeScript module, the UIFrame.
We're only going to import the top-most function, and this will allow us to get the activity frame inside of our application, which will allow us to get the view components by their IDs with a nice helper method. We're going to declare a function that we call getDrawing, which is tied to the getDrawing button here, which will fire when we tap it. When we tap this button, what we want to do is get the drawing that we will write in here and convert it to an image, and output that as the source on the image tag that we added to the interface.
First, let's go ahead and get the drawingpad, so we'll say let dpad is equal to, and this is where the UIFrame module will come to help, we'll say topmost GetViewByID and call it mydrawing. We can set this to the type as drawingpad. We'll just say myimage, and again, topmost getViewByID and we called it drawingimage.
Now that we have the drawingpad and the image, we can actually just get the drawing using the getDrawing method provided from the drawingpad. It returns a promise, and the result is typically a bitmap which is the native image component.
What we want to do when we get the image result here in the promise, is to set it equal to our image source. We'll set the source property equal to the result. Now we'll just create a drawing here, and tap the button which should fire off the getDrawing function. Then we're going to set the image source. There you see the image has been set to what the drawing is.
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Use existing JavaScript libraries in SharePoint Framework client-side web parts
When building client-side web parts on the SharePoint Framework you can benefit from using existing JavaScript libraries to build powerful solutions. There are however some considerations that you should take into account to ensure that your web parts won't negatively impact the performance of SharePoint pages that they are being used on.
Reference existing libraries as packages
The most common way of referencing existing JavaScript libraries in SharePoint Framework client-side web parts is by installing them as a package in the project. Taking Angular as an example, to use it in a client-side web part, you would first install Angular using npm:
npm install angular --save
Next, to use Angular with TypeScript, you would install typings using npm:
npm install @types/angular --save-dev
Finally, you would reference Angular in your web part using the
import statement: }
Bundle web part resources
SharePoint Framework uses a build toolchain based on open-source tooling such as gulp and Webpack. When building SharePoint Framework projects, these build tools automatically combine all referenced resources into a single JavaScript file in the process called bundling.
Bundling offers you a number of benefits. First of all, all resources required by your web part are available in one single JavaScript file. This simplifies the deployment as the web part consists of a single file and it's impossible to miss a dependency in the deployment process. As your web part uses different resources, it's important that they are loaded in the right order. The web part bundle, generated by Webpack during the build, manages loading the different resources for you including resolving any dependencies between these resources. Bundling web parts has also its benefits for the end-users: generally speaking it's faster to download a single, bigger file, than a number of small files. By combining a number of smaller files into one bigger bundle, your web part will load faster on the page. Bundling existing JavaScript libraries with SharePoint Framework client-side web parts isn't however without drawbacks.
When bundling existing JavaScript frameworks in the SharePoint Framework, all referenced scripts are included in the generated bundle file. Following the Angular example, an optimized web part bundle including Angular is over 170KB.
If you add another web part to your project, that also uses Angular, and you build the project, you get two bundle files - one for each web part, each of them being over 170KB.
If you would add these web parts to a page, each user would be downloading Angular multiple times - once with each web part on the page. This approach is inefficient and slows down loading the page.
Reference existing libraries as external resources
A better approach, to leverage existing libraries in SharePoint Framework client-side web part, is by referencing them as external resources. That way, the only information about the particular script, that is included in the web part, is the script's URL. When added to the page, web part will automatically try to load all required resources from the specified URLs.
Referencing existing JavaScript libraries in the SharePoint Framework is easy and doesn't require any specific changes in the code. Because the library is loaded on runtime from the specified URL, it doesn't need to be installed as a package in the project.
Using Angular as an example, in order to reference it as an external resource in your client-side web part, you start by installing its TypeScript typings using npm:
npm install @types/angular --save-dev
Next, in the config/config.json file, to the externals property you add the following entry:
"angular": { "path": "", "globalName": "angular" }
The complete config/config.json file would then look similar to:
{ "entries": [ { "entry": "./lib/webparts/helloWorld/HelloWorldWebPart.js", "manifest": "./src/webparts/helloWorld/HelloWorldWebPart.manifest.json", "outputPath": "./dist/hello-world.bundle.js" } ], "externals": { "angular": { "path": "", "globalName": "angular" } }, "localizedResources": { "helloWorldStrings": "webparts/helloWorld/loc/{locale}.js" } }
Finally, you reference Angular in your web part, just like you did previously: }
If you build your project now and take a look at the size of the generated bundle file, you will notice that it's only 6KB.
If you add another web part to your project, that also uses Angular, and you build the project again, both bundles would be 6KB each.
It isn't correct to assume that you have just saved over 300KB. Both web parts still need Angular and will load it the first time the user visits the page where one of the web parts is placed.
Even if you add both Angular web parts to the page, SharePoint Framework still downloads Angular only once.
The real benefit of referencing existing JavaScript libraries as external resources is if your organization has a centralized location for all commonly-used scripts or you use a CDN. In such cases there is a chance that the particular JavaScript library is already present in the user's browser cache. As a result, the only thing that needs to be loaded is the web part bundle which makes the page load significantly faster.
The example above shows how to load Angular from a CDN, but using a public CDN is not required. In the configuration you can point any location: from a public CDN, a privately-hosted repository to a SharePoint Document Library. As long as users working with your web parts are able to access the specified URLs, your web parts will work as expected.
CDNs are optimized for fast resource delivery across the globe. The additional advantage of referencing scripts from public CDNs is, that there is a chance that the same script has been used on some other website that user has visited in the past. Because the script is already present in the local browser's cache it wouldn't need to be downloaded specifically for your web part which would make the page with the web part on it load even faster.
Some organizations don't allow access to public CDNs from the corporate network. In such cases using a privately-hosted storage location for commonly-used JavaScript frameworks is a great alternative. Because your organization hosts the libraries, it could also control the cache headers which could help you optimize your resources for performance even further.
JavaScript libraries formats
Different JavaScript libraries are built and packaged in a different way. Some are packaged as modules while others are plain scripts that run in the global scope (these scripts are often referred to as non-module scripts). When loading JavaScript libraries from a URL, how you register an external script in a SharePoint Framework project depends on the format of the script. There are multiple module formats, such as AMD, UMD or CommonJS but the only thing that you have to know is if the particular script is a module or not.
When registering scripts packaged as modules the only thing that you have to specify, is the URL where the particular script should be downloaded from. Dependencies to other scripts are handled already inside the script's module construct.
Non-module scripts on the other hand require at minimum the URL from where the script should be downloaded and the name of the variable with which the script will be registered in the global scope. If the non-module script depends on other scripts, they can be listed as dependencies. To illustrate this, let's have a look at a few examples.
Angular v1.x is a non-module script. You register it as an external resource in a SharePoint Framework project by specifying its URL and the name of the global variable it should register with:
"angular": { "path": "", "globalName": "angular" }
It's important that the name specified in the globalName property corresponds to the name used by the script. That way it can correctly expose itself to other scripts that might depend on it.
ngOfficeUIFabric - the Angular directives for Office UI Fabric, is a UMD module that depends on Angular. The dependency on Angular is already handled inside the module, so to register it all you need to specify is its URL:
"ng-office-ui-fabric": ""
jQuery is an AMD script. To register it you could simply use:
"jquery": ""
Imagine now, that you wanted to use jQuery with a jQuery plugin that itself is distributed as a non-module script. If you registered both scripts using:
"jquery": "", "simpleWeather": { "path": "", "globalName": "jQuery" }
loading the web part would very likely result in an error: there is a chance that both scripts would be loaded in parallel and the plugin wouldn't be able to register itself with jQuery.
As mentioned before, SharePoint Framework allows you to specify dependencies for non-module plugins. These dependencies are specified using the globalDependencies property:
"jquery": "", "simpleWeather": { "path": "", "globalName": "jQuery", "globalDependencies": [ "jquery" ] }
Each dependency specified in the globalDependencies property must point to another dependency in the externals section of the config/config.json file.
If you would try to build the project now, you would get another error, this time stating that you can't specify a dependency to a non-module script.
To solve this problem, all you need to do is to register jQuery as a non-module script:
"jquery": { "path": "", "globalName": "jQuery" }, "simpleWeather": { "path": "", "globalName": "jQuery", "globalDependencies": [ "jquery" ] }
This way you specify that the simpleWeather script should be loaded after jQuery and that jQuery should be available under a globally available variable
jQuery which is required by the simpleWeather jQuery plugin to register itself.
Note how the entry for registering jQuery uses jquery for the external resource name but jQuery as the global variable name. The name of the external resource is the name that you use in the
importstatements in your code. This is also the name that must match TypeScript typings. The global variable name, specified using the globalName property, is the name known to other scripts like plugins built on top of the library. While for some libraries these names might be the same, it's not required and you should carefully check that you are using correct names to avoid any problems.
Non-module scripts considerations
Many JavaScript libraries and scripts developed in the past are distributed as non-module scripts. While the SharePoint Framework supports loading non-module scripts, you should strive to avoid using them whenever possible.
Non-module scripts are registered in the global scope of the page: script loaded by one web part is available to all other web parts on the page. If you had two web parts using different versions of jQuery, both loaded as non-module scripts, the web part that loaded the last would overwrite all previously registered versions of jQuery. As you can imagine, this could lead to unpredictable results and very hard to debug issues that would occur only in certain scenarios - only with other web parts using a different version of jQuery on the page and only when they load in particular order. The module architecture solves this problem by isolating scripts and preventing them from affecting each other.
When you should consider bundling
Bundling existing JavaScript libraries into your web part can lead to big web part files and can cause poor performance of pages using that web part. While you should generally avoid bundling JavaScript libraries with your web parts, there are scenarios where bundling could work to your advantage.
If you are building a standard solution that should work on every intranet, bundling all your resources with your web part can help you ensure that your web part will work as expected. Because you don't know upfront where your solution will be installed, including all dependencies in your web part's bundle file will allow it to work correctly - even if the organization doesn't allow downloading resources from a CDN or other external location.
If your solution consists of a number of web parts, that share some functionality with each other, then it would be better to build the shared functionality as a separate library and reference it as an external resource in all web parts. That way users would need to download the common library only once and reuse it with all web parts.
Summary
When building client-side web parts on the SharePoint Framework you can benefit of existing JavaScript libraries to build powerful solutions. SharePoint Framework allows you to either bundle these libraries together with your web parts or load them as an external resource. While loading existing libraries from a URL is generally the recommended approach, there are scenarios where bundling might be beneficial and it's essential that you evaluate your requirements carefully to choose the approach that meets your needs the best. | https://dev.office.com/sharepoint/docs/spfx/web-parts/guidance/use-existing-javascript-libraries | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | refinedweb | 2,124 | 55.27 |
05 April 2013 16:42 [Source: ICIS news]
LONDON (ICIS)--BASF is building a €14m ($18m) combined heat and power (CHP) plant at its chemical production site in Lampertheim in Germany’s Hesse state, the chemicals major said on Friday.
Following start-up, scheduled for autumn 2013, the plant will improve power supplies at Lampertheim and improve the site’s competitiveness, BASF said.
The power plant will meet all of Lampertheim’s electricity and steam requirements, it added.
BASF did not disclose the plant’s capacity, but said the unit would help to reduce energy costs by about 20% and cut carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by some 14,000 tonnes/year.
The BASF site in Lampertheim – around 20km north of the company’s main petrochemicals production hub at ?xml:namespace>
Lampertheim is also home to BASF’s nutrition and health operating | http://www.icis.com/Articles/2013/04/05/9656492/basf-builds-power-plant-at-germany-chemical-site.html | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | refinedweb | 141 | 58.11 |
Revision history for Perl extension MARC-XML. 0.93 Fri Feb 11 17:13:02 EST 2011 - When slurping MARCXML records (e.g., via MARC::Batch), can now handle XML files that use a prefix to refer to the namespace. - If trying to parse a MARCXML record that has omitted the <record> wrapper element, throw an exception with a more meaningful error message. - adjusted copyright statement further to meet Debian requirements (RT#48333) - set license in Makefile.PL 0.92 Thu Jul 30 22:37:07 EDT 2009 - small documentation changes to close RT tickets #48334 and #48333 filed by Jonathan from Debian world. - added license string to META.yml so that CPAN can pick it up) - CPAN RT#34082: clarify names of header output switches 0.90 Fri Dec 14 2007 - modifications to MARC::File::SAX to use LocalName rather than Name Name can contain a namespace prefix and cause parsing to fail Should be ok to rely on LocalName since the parser factory is requiring Namespace support? - MARC::File::SAX also can build up multiple records now, for use in other SAX contexts like Net::OAI::Harvester. This required a few changes in MARC::File::XML as well. 2007 - fixed typo in handling of unimarc w/regard to marc8 (ppoulain) 0.84 Mon Nov 26 2006 - Fixed UNIMARC encoding detection logic (miker) - Added UNIMARC Authority support (miker) 0.83 Fri Apr 21 15:19:20 EST 2006 - remove premature return from close() thanks Jay Luker (exlibris) 0.82 March 4, 2006 - details unknown :( 0.81 Fri Feb 3 23:29:04 EST 2006 - minor changes so that diagnostics (when character mappings aren't found) will not throw warnings about unitialized variables too. 0.8 Fri Feb 3 22:49:11 EST 2006 - overhaul by Mike Rylander to use the new MARC::Charset for mapping back and forth from marc8 encoding to utf8 encoding - Makefile.PL requires v0.9 of MARC::Charset to be installed 0.7 Thu Apr 14 11:54:24 CDT 2005 - marc2xml uses MARC::Batch in lenient mode, thanks Rob Casson. 0.66 Thu Sep 23 01:12:20 CDT 2004 - added ability to change the encoding attribute. 0.65 Wed May 19 21:22:23 2004 - added marc2xml and xml2marc utilities 0.61 Mon May 09 10:32:55 2004 - need to require MARC::Record v1.36 since it renames is_control_tag() to is_control_field(). 0.6 Sat May 08 02:23:04 2004 - rudimentary XML encoding (thanks to Peter Robertson for inquiring about it) 0.53 Mon Dec 01 17:32:01 2003 - fixed to still process XML that has namespaces on record element thanks Clay Redding at princeton.edu. 0.52 Wed Oct 29 20:18:44 2003 - fixed doc bug 0.51 Thu Sep 04 10:33:12 2003 - fixed warnings in MARC::File::SAX which were emitted under new Test::Harness. - docfix in MARC::File::XML. 0.5 Thu Jul 29 13:55:38 2003 - updated so that it uses LC's MARCXML schema - updated so that it can plug into MARC::Record 0.4 Sun Apr 23 20:50:47 CDT 2000 <Birthisel> - Update "Windows" test in Makefile.PL - Needs MARC 1.07 to cover recent fixes and incompatibilities - Perl 5.6.0 warns on "join (//,", change to "join (''," instead. - add $MARC::TEST to t/test?.t - various documentation fixes 0.3 Tue Jan 25 15:43:55 CST 2000 <Birthisel> - update to XML::Parser 2.27 and MARC 1.04 - add Document Type Declaration support - header defaults to "US-ASCII" - add character set output processing and ansel_default - add entity input translation and register_default - add incremental input file processing: openxml, nextxml, closexml - add eg/pacific.pl, eg/pacific0.dat, and eg/read_pfa.pl - add t/ansel.ent and expand test2.t - rename $XDEBUG, add $XTEST and xcarp() - add "wrapper" methods output_header, output_body, output_footer 0.26 Fri Jan 7 22:35:40 EST 2000 - Corrected dangerous interpolation in field_ handler 0.25 Tue Nov 23 11:32:16 CST 1999 <Birthisel> - original CPAN-style version; created by h2xs 1.18 - linux command: h2xs -A -X -n MARC::XML - added Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, README, etc. - ported t directory and tests from MARC.pm, added test4.t - surgery--XML::Parser wants global subs and other scope changes. - cleanup inheritance details - add "ordered" option to new() - numerous documentation changes 0.2 Sun Nov 21 18:49:00 EST 1999 - removed MARC::XML specific pod from MARC.pm and added to MARC::XML 0.1 Sun Nov 14 21:59:00 EST 1999 - created MARC::XML subclass to handle MARC<->XML conversions - moved _marc2xml() from MARC.pm into MARC::XML 0.01 Tue Jul 29 13:55:38 2003 - original release | https://metacpan.org/changes/distribution/MARC-XML | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | refinedweb | 785 | 68.16 |
27 March 2009 15:57 [Source: ICIS news]
LONDON (ICIS news)--Pressure to increase prices in Europe for methoxy propanol (PM) and methoxy propanol acetate (PMA) had met with a mixed reaction, segment players said on Friday.
Dow Europe said in a statement last week it intended to raise PM and PMA prices by €50-70/tonne depending on the grade from 1 April.
“The rapid decline in price has left margins at unsustainable levels,” Dow’s global business director for glycol ethers, Martin Sutcliffe, said. “We must improve our margins, so we can afford to compete for raw materials and make the products our customers need.”
The reaction from the PM and PMA players to Dow’s move was varied. One distributor said “we need to put an end to this price trend, but it should rollover as it is likely to end up with stable pricing anyway. The market cannot yet support an increase with the level of demand.”
“It seems optimistic to me,” said a key buyer, adding “of course we saw erosion on pricing, but if demand remains very weak, why should we pay more?”
The PM and PMA markets were subject to some strong competition through the first quarter and prices came off significantly. A re-seller said an increase may prove difficult as “there is too much material and end-users always see possibilities to get lower priced material”.
Other manufacturers agreed there was pressure to increase prices when looking at costs. However, one commented that “I doubt if the market can absorb €70/tonne and it will depend on what the competition does”.
Nevertheless, support was seen from other areas and one producer confirmed it “would support an increase because we badly need it, but it depends whether the demand is there in April”.
For this week, prices were assessed around €680-740/tonne ($919-1,000/tonne) FD (free delivered) NWE (northwest ?xml:namespace>
( | http://www.icis.com/Articles/2009/03/27/9203991/dow-proposes-april-increase-for-pm-and-pma.html | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | refinedweb | 322 | 66.17 |
I've created 2 methods in Java declared public int where each of them returns a value. I want to create another public int method which returns a value that is sum of these the values of 2 first methods. When I execute the value isn't correct. Can someone help me with creating this method which returns the sum of the other method's values. Here are my methods just for example.
public int a() {
int nr=7;
int c=4;
sum=nr+c;
return sum;
}
public int b() {
int l=7;
int m=4;
sum=m+l;
return sum;
}
public int c() {
int sum = 0;
sum = a() + b();
return sum;
}
you program has many error which are corrected as follows: public class Af {
public Af() { } int sum1 = 0; public int a() { int nr = 7; int c = 4; sum1 = nr + c; return sum1; } public int b() { int l = 7; int m = 4; int sum2 = m + l; return sum2; } public int c() { int sum3 = 0; sum3 = a() + b(); return sum3; }
} | https://codedump.io/share/VVHuCIL3ptum/1/working-with-methods-in-java | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | refinedweb | 170 | 69.96 |
How to use yarn workspaces with Create React App and Create React Native App (Expo) to share common ...
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This post is on medium too!
The goal of this tutorial is to make a monorepo using yarn workspaces to share common code across a Create React App (CRA) and a Create React Native App (CRNA/Expo).
There are currently some issues with the projects that when fixed, these workarounds shouldn't be needed anymore: - facebook/metro#1, - react-community/create-react-native-app#232, - react-community/create-react-native-app#340, - react-community/create-react-native-app#408, - facebookincubator/create-react-app#3405, - facebookincubator/create-react-app#3435, - yarnpkg/yarn#3882.
Some of the solutions below may also help for lerna setups.
Make sure you're running node ~ version 8 and at least yarn 1.3.0 and have
create-react-appand
create-react-native-appinstalled.
In this guide, we'll setup four folders but feel free to structure it as you see fit: -
webthe CRA project, -
nativethe CRNA project, -
corecommon logic, and -
viewsfor shared UI.
Make a new folder where you want your workspaces to be and add a
package.jsonthat looks like this:
{ "private": true, "workspaces": [ "web", "native", "core", "views" ] }
For the rest of this guide, we're going to assume that this folder is called
workspacesand it's in your home directory. We will refer to it as
~/workspaces.
corein our example will be just an empty project. Make a
corefolder and put this
package.jsoninside:
{ "name": "core", "version": "0.0.1" }
Let's put a few sample files in there to use as a test. We'll also leverage the project specific extensions in web and native.
test.js:
js import value from './value' export default value
value.native.js:
js export default 'value in native'
value.web.js:
js export default 'value in web'
We will use Views for our UI. If you want to use React directly, you may still benefit from this folder by putting shared components across your projects here. Otherwise, just skip this section.
viewsis where our UI sits. Make a
viewsfolder and put this
package.jsoninside:
{ "name": "views", "version": "0.0.1", "scripts": { "native": "views-morph . --as react-native --watch", "native:build": "views-morph . --as react-native", "web": "views-morph . --as react-dom --watch", "web:build": "views-morph . --as react-dom" } }
Then add the latest
views-morphto it:
bash yarn add --dev views-morph
Add a file called
Test.viewwith this:
Test Vertical backgroundColor deepskyblue margin 50 onClick props.onClick Text fontSize 28 text Hey I'm a button!
Views uses some CSS defaults that make it behave close to how React Native renders the UI, add them by copying views.css to
src/index.css.
Views is a productive way to create interfaces together with your design team and design in production. If you want to learn more about it, reach out at or join the conversation at :).
There are some issues with running CRA's init scripts inside the workspace, so just go to a temporary folder anywhere and make a new project:
# go to some temporary location cd /tmp # make the app create-react-app web # get rid of node modules and yarn.lock rm -rf web/node_modules web/yarn.lock # move it to the workspaces mv web ~/workspaces cd ~/workspaces/web
The next step is to have CRA compile your other workspaces code if they're imported by your app.
Install
react-app-rewiredand
react-app-rewire-yarn-workspacesin the web project:
bash yarn add --dev react-app-rewired react-app-rewire-yarn-workspaces
Swap the
start,
build, and
testscripts in
package.jsonfor these:
json "start": "react-app-rewired start", "build": "react-app-rewired build", "test": "react-app-rewired test --env=jsdom",
And add a file called
config-overrides.jswith this: ```js const rewireYarnWorkspaces = require('react-app-rewire-yarn-workspaces');
module.exports = function override(config, env) { return rewireYarnWorkspaces(config, env); }; ```
To test the connection with
core, add this to
src; ```
There are some issues with running CRNA's init scripts inside the workspace, so just go to a temporary folder anywhere and make a new project:
# go to some temporary location cd /tmp # make the app create-react-native-app native # get rid of node modules and yarn.lock rm -rf native/node_modules native/yarn.lock # move it to the workspaces mv native ~/workspaces cd ~/workspaces/native
We'll first need to swap CRNA's entry point because the way it picks up our
App.jsis very much dependent on the location of files, so it's easier this way. We'll call that file
crna-entry.js.
Either get the original file from here. If you do, make sure you change
import App from '../../../../App';for
import App from './App';so it picks up your app.
...or, use this version want to avoid wrapping your app in a
View. Add a file called
crna-entry.jswith this: ```js import App from './App'; import Expo from 'expo'; import React from 'react';
const AwakeInDevApp = props => [ , process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' ? ( ) : null, ]; Expo.registerRootComponent(AwakeInDevApp); ```
After that, in
package.json, replace:
json "main": "./node_modules/react-native-scripts/build/bin/crna-entry.js",for:
json "main": "crna-entry.js",
Then, replace
app.jsonfor this:
json { "expo": { "sdkVersion": "23.0.0", "ignoreNodeModulesValidation": true, "packagerOpts": { "config": "rn-cli.config.js", "projectRoots": "" } } }Note that this guide was created when Expo's SDK was at v23.0.0. If your
app.jsonhas a different version, use that instead.
Install
metro-bundler-config-yarn-workspacesand
crna-make-symlinks-for-yarn-workspaces:
bash yarn add --dev metro-bundler-config-yarn-workspaces crna-make-symlinks-for-yarn-workspaces
Add a file called
rn-cli.config.jswith this:
const getConfig = require('metro-bundler-config-yarn-workspaces') module.exports = getConfig(__dirname)
If your workspaces are not located in the root folder (e.g. root/packages/*) you must provide anodeModulesoption indicating where thenode_modulesroot folder is located as described below:
import test from 'core/test'
const getConfig = require('metro-bundler-config-yarn-workspaces')
const options = { nodeModules: path.resolve(__dirname, '..', '..') }
module.exports = getConfig(__dirname, options)
Add a file called
link-workspaces.jswith this:
js require('crna-make-symlinks-for-yarn-workspaces')(__dirname)
Add
prestartscript to your native project's
package.json:
json "prestart": "node link-workspaces.js",
To test the connection with
core, add this to; ```
If you get an error like
Cannot find entry file crna-entry.js in any of the roots..., press
shift+Rwhen you start the expo runner so it restarts the packager and clears the cache.
Part of the setup may also come in handy for React Native CLI. See this comment. I also wanted to thank Neil Ding @GingerBear for his gist, without it metro-bundler-config-yarn-workspaces wouldn't be possible.
At this point, I'd probably recommend wiping all the nodemodules of each project and starting from scratch: ```bash cd ~/workspaces rm -rf nodemodules core/nodemodules views/nodemodules native/nodemodules web/nodemodules yarn ```
Dependencies are still added to the different project folders.
If you're using Views, you need to start the morpher by project type until viewsdx/morph#31 is implemented.
For web, in the
viewsfolder, run:
bash yarn web
For native, in the
viewsfolder, run:
bash yarn native
We'll be providing a concurrent process runner like the one implemented in soon.
I hope the process works for you! This is the GitHub repo that contains a sample project and the supporting dev packages used in here. If you find any issues or have suggestions around some of the steps, feel free to open an issue.
Thanks to Larissa and Neil for their help 🙏.
Happy hacking! | https://xscode.com/viewstools/yarn-workspaces-cra-crna | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | refinedweb | 1,303 | 59.09 |
peppy wrote:I figured that might be the case. If I get the time I might fork and give it a go to see how it handles performance-wise. I think it is be a matter of personal opinion whether such an addition makes things cluttered or more usable
..
def my_function(things)
things.each do |thing|
...
end
end
Acciaccatura wrote:Thanks for this great plugin, it's very useful.
I was wondering if you had any plans to add support for Ruby, particularly the matching of Ruby's method and block syntax? I noticed you mentioned you weren't a Ruby developer, so here's a quick example:
- Code: Select all.
facelessuser wrote.
<dict>
<key>name</key>
<string>Bracket Tag</string>
<key>scope</key>
<string>bracket.tag</string>
<key>settings</key>
<dict>
<key>foreground</key>
<string>#FD971F</string>
</dict>
</dict>
{
"quote_scope" : "bracket.quote",
"curly_scope" : "bracket.curly",
"round_scope" : "bracket.round",
"square_scope": "bracket.square",
"angle_scope" : "bracket.angle",
"tag_scope" : "bracket.tag",
}
a = 'bc'
a = "b"'
a = 'bc';
a = "bc";
vitaLee wrote:i noticed several things when i tried swap quotes plugin
quoted text at column 1 doesnt trigger bracket highlights.
vitaLee wrote:that's not what initially caught my attention but i think it may be related to the next thing.
having delcaration like this
- Code: Select all
a = 'bc'
when i try "swap quotes" i get
- Code: Select all
a = "b"'
notice that in its initial state the line ends with the closing quote.
if you add whatever character at the end of the line, then it works as expected
- Code: Select all
a = 'bc';
a = "bc";
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There have been a lot of problems with compatibility of custom builds when upgrading from TFS2010 to TFS2012. This blog post is my attempt to summarize what you have to do and how to fix some issues you might run into.
- The very first step is to upgrade your Server. Your build machines should match the version of your server.
- To upgrade your build machine to TFS2012 follow the instructions on
- If you need Visual Studio on the build machine, install VS 2012 on the build machine. You will probably want to keep VS2010 on the build machine as well. This shouldn't cause any problems.
-
- Remove all TeamFoundation references and replace them with the ones that ship with Visual Studio 2012 (the version number should be 11.0.0.0 - NOT 10.0.0.0).
- Recompile the solutions and check in the binaries to the custom assembly location
- ALL assemblies in the custom assembly location for a 2012 controller should be compiled against the 11.0.0.0 versions of the TeamFoundation assemblies.
- The final step before testing your builds is to "clean up" any versioned namespaces in your Build Process Templates (XAML files)
- locate all of your XAML files - these are usually in $/TeamProject/BuildProcessTemplates
- for each XAML file: check it out, clean it by removing versioned namespaces, and check it back in (see)
- Finally, you should be able to test your build definitions.
Limitations
- A 2010 Build machine will NOT work with a 2012 Team Foundation Server
- A 2012 Build machine will NOT work with a 2010 Team Foundation Server
- A 2012 Build machine cannot build a 2010 template that contains versioned namespaces that reference 10.0.0.0 assemblies
- A 2012 Build machine cannot build a 2010 template that calls out to custom activities that are compiled against 10.0.0.0 Team Foundation Assemblies
- Build Definitions that reference custom types may not be editable in both Visual Studio 2010 and 2012
- It's hard to identify all the combinations here, but if loading your custom types causes Team Foundation assemblies of the wrong version to be loaded then the editor will not work as desired.
- Note that in Visual Studio 2012, you should be able to edit other parts of the definition, just not the process parameters that cause errors.
Problems you might face and workarounds:
- After upgrading your templates and custom assemblies as described above, you will only be able to edit them in Visual Studio 2012.
- If you install both Visual Studio 2010 and 2012 on the same machine, make sure you install them in that order: 2010 and then 2012.
- Opening a template in the VS 2010 Worflow Designer on this machine will not work without changes to the template. It will attempt to load the 2012 Team Foundation assemblies as well as the 2010 versions which will cause errors when it tries to evaluate any types. There's really nothing wrong with the actual template.
- If you have to have the designer working in 2010 on a machine with 2012 installed, you can change the namespaces in the XAML file to use the full assembly name including the version information. But I wouldn't recommend this, since it will have to be removed for the template to work in 2012.
- The 2012 Workflow Designer should work fine if you followed the steps above to "clean" the XAML
- If you get the following error when building your definitions against a recently upgraded build machine, you should restart your build machine service from the TF Admin Console on the build machine.
- TF215097: An error occurred while initializing a build for build definition \Project1 (Dev10)\Simple - Manual: The values provided for the root activity's arguments did not satisfy the root activity's requirements:
'DynamicActivity': Expected an input parameter value of type 'Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Build.Workflow.Activities.BuildSettings' for parameter named 'BuildSettings'.
- I am not sure what caused this error when I did it, but the fix was pretty simple once I figured it out.
- UPDATE: Several customers have continued to get this error after upgrading even though they restarted their build service. It turns out that these customers had fixed most of their custom assemblies but not all. If you continue to see problems like this one (even intermittently), it means that there is still a build definition that uses assemblies/activities that are compiled against the 10.0.0.0 assemblies. Once the error starts, all subsequent builds fail because the old assemblies are loaded into the build services memory. Only restarting will resolve this issue.
- If you get the following error, you didn't update ALL your custom assemblies to reference the 11.0.0.0 versions of the TF assemblies.
- TF215097: An error occurred while initializing a build for build definition \Project1 (Dev10)\Advanced - Manual: The root element of the build process template found at $/Project1 (Dev10)/MyActivities/MyActivities/AdvancedBuildProcessTemplate.xaml (version C42) is not valid. (The build process failed validation. Details:
Validation Error: The private implementation of activity '1: DynamicActivity' has the following validation error: Compiler error(s) encountered processing expression "DropBuild AndAlso BuildDetail.Reason = Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Build.Client.BuildReason.ValidateShelveset".
Type 'IBuildDetail' is not defined.
- If you get any errors like these, the XAML file probably still contains some versioned namespaces.
- TF215097: An error occurred while initializing a build for build definition \Project1 (Dev10)\Moderate - Manual: The root element of the build process template found at $/Project1 (Dev10)/BuildProcessTemplates/ModerateBuildProcessTemplate.xaml (version C31) is not valid. (The build process failed validation. Details:
Validation Error: Compiler error(s) encountered processing expression "New Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Build.Workflow.Activities.BuildSettings()".
'BuildSettings' is ambiguous in the namespace 'Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Build.Workflow.Activities'.
Validation Error: Compiler error(s) encountered processing expression "Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Build.Workflow.Activities.CleanWorkspaceOption.All".
'CleanWorkspaceOption' is ambiguous in the namespace 'Microsoft.TeamFoundation.Build.Workflow.Activities'.
Jason, thanks, it clears up a lot of the confusion :). Or at least explains why it is confusing.
Don't forget that binding redirects work in some cases. This is especially helpful if you are unable to recompile your custom assemblies to v11.
blogs.msdn.com/…/your-custom-assemblies-need-update-or-else-redirecting.aspx
Quote: >
Just to be clear: does this mean that if we need a 2012 build machine (to take advantage of the 2012 C++ compiler) we must first take steps to migrate from TFS 2010 to TFS 2012?
We were hoping to incrementally move to 2012 by moving developer machines and build machines first before tackling the issue of migrating our 2010 TFS to 2012. I just need to be super clear on this because it has the potential to drastically change our approach to 2012 adoption.
Hi David,
Clarity: For all versions of TFS up to and including TFS 2012, the version of the build machine MUST match the version of the TFS server that it communicates with.
So, YES you have to upgrade your server and your build machines at the same time.
We are trying to decouple the server and build machines, but it hasn't happened yet.
Sorry for the bad news,
Jason
I get the TF215097 dynamic activity error all the time. I restart the build service and it goes away for a little bit, but then it comes back. Annoyingly, it didn't do this when I set this up in my test environment.
Most likely, you have some XAML or custom assemblies that have not been upgraded. Once those builds are run, subsequent builds will be "contaminated". Try looking for the builds that cause the error or perhaps the ones that succeed just before you see the error.
Jason
Hi Jason,
I'm trying to upgrade a highly customized build process that uses the Community TFS Build Extensions from VS2010 to VS2012, keeping TFS2010 as the base. Following your recipe I've been able to get it to the point that the XAML designer isnt complaining – however, I'm still unable to get a clean build. It complains:
Unrecognized tag 'x:Members' in namespace 'schemas.microsoft.com/…/xaml&…..
for 3 of the 4 XAMLs that are included in the solution.
In reference to your recipie:
1. We are staying with TFS2010 for now.
2. n/a – we’re not upgrading to TFS2012
3. We have installed (only) VS2012 on the developer and build machines
4. I’ve upgraded the build extentions to the latest release (which includes VS2012 compatible binaries), and changed all the references to the VS2012 versions
4a. …
4b. Framework is at 4.5
4c. I have no references to TFS v10 DLLs – all are the v11 DLLs that ship with VS2012
4d. (this is the step that results in the error)
4e. Have to assume the release of TFSBuild Extentions is solid this way
5. All XAMLs have passed the XAMLCleaner
It’s the Step 4d that is still failing…
Any suggestions you can offer would be appreciated
XAML activities can be tricky. I am not sure what's wrong with yours, but open them up in notepad and compare them to the one that works.
Good luck,
Jason
please vote on the uservoice page: visualstudio.uservoice.com/…/3288596-to-allow-the-usage-of-build-controller-2010-with-t
I'm confused – if we use TFS 2010, can we have one build server that builds VS 2010 solutions and another that builds VS 2012 solutions? I gather the build server itself is still a 'TFS 2010' build server, but only has Visual Studio 2012/.NET 4.5 installed and will only be building 2012 solutions.
But then if we want to upgrade to TFS 2012, what happens to the build server that's needed to build VS 2010 solutions? Can TFS 2012 build server still be dedicated to only building VS 2010 solutions?
Basically, the build server for VS 2010 solutions needs to be impacted as little as possible so we can build patches etc. for our existing products with no risk – I certainly wouldn't want to put .NET 4.5 on it.
Thanks.
Hi Dylan,
We are working on a solution for this problem. The "upgrade" of .net from 4.0 to 4.5 is causing many customers problems and keeping them from upgrading. We hope to have a solution soon. Thanks for letting us know how you use the product.
Jason
Jason, we have a 2010 server in the corporation but use visual studio 2012 in our group to develop. Can I setup a team build for our project or do I have to wait till they upgrade to TFS Server 2012? I setup a tfs 2010 controller on a VM but it's not going smoothly.
I have already upgraded to TFS2012 on my tfs server and when I try to follow the below step as you mentioned
The target framework 4.5 is not listed in the dropdown for the project properties and also I dont see v4.5 on the path C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFramework64 of my server .
Please can you help I am using Cutom template and my builds are failing
I'm getting this trying to edit any XAML file. Google shows nothing at all for this error…
System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.SharePoint.WorkflowExtensions, Version=11.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.
File name: 'Microsoft.VisualStudio.SharePoint.WorkflowExtensions, Version=11.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'
Server stack trace:
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder,
etc.DomainSerializer.DeserializeObject(MemoryStream stm)
at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.SmuggledMethodReturnMessage.FixupForNewAppDomain()
at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.CrossAppDomainSink.SyncProcessMessage(IMessage reqMsg)
Actually we've upgraded to Update 2 now, which is supposed to be able to support xaml build process files and custom activities built for TFS 2010 right? Even on a TFS 2012 build server? Getting different errors now…
@DanGros
If you are using VS2012, you should be able to work with an older server. However, you will probably have to figure out how to get VS2012 on your build machine to build anything that targets the latest .net framework. This may include pointing the MSBuild activity to the new framework's MSBuild.exe. I am really not sure what other problems you might right into.
Good Luck,
Jason
@RiyankaDaga
Are you using Visual Studio 2012? The .net 4.5 framework should be the latest one if you have VS 2012 installed. Sorry, I couldn't help more.
Jason
Hi Dylan,
I am not sure if everything "just works". The change in Update 2 was to allow 2010 build machines to run against a 2012 server. Hopefully, you will get your errors worked out.
Good Luck,
Jason
We recently upgraded our TFS to 2012 and we are getting error tf14064 and we are unable to figure out whythis is. Any help would be appreciated.
Hi John, this is better handled by support. I am not sure why you would get that error after upgrading.
We are getting the following error when trying to run our server. Again we have upgraded to 2012.3 and are trying to use the build backward compatibility was released with TFS 2012.2 (update 2) Here is a screen shot:
We are getting the exact same error about "out of range of valid values. Parameter name: column"
Does anyone have any ideas on this. Again, we have 2010 build agents and controllers and TFS 2012 with latest updates.
Hi Scott and Trent,
This is a known bug that we discovered near the end of development for TFS 2012.3. However, we did include it in the final version of Update 3. If you still experience the error after you get the final version of Update 3, please file a bug against TFS on Microsoft's Connect site.
The only workaround in the mean time is to turn off the UpdateWorkItems flag on the AssociateChangesetsAndWorkItems activity. This will cause workitems not to be associated with the build.
Sorry we didn't catch this bug sooner.
Thanks,
Jason
Yep, when upgrade TFS 2010 to 2012 update 2, we got the same error "out of range of valid values" as well. We did the same workaround by turning off AssociatedChangeset and let the build succeed once. After that, we turn it back on and everything work as normal.
Say if MS fix this in Update 3, which we don't want to upgrade right away. We have a lot of customization and it costs a lot of time to test and validate the system, especially builds.
Hopefully, we will go directly to 2013 sometime.
By the way, we have alot of Server 2003 and we still stuck alot of Build Service 2010. We will have to upgrade to Server 2008 next before looking for future TFS.
Recently my TFS moved from TFS2008 to TFS2013 and my projects are still in VS2010 and .net 4.0.
By reading your post, is not possible to use VS2010 and .net 4.0 projects with TFS2013 and migrate the old build definitions to the new TFS2013? The projects must upgrade to VS2012 and .net 4.5 and create new builds definitions, yes?
Best regards.
The TFS 2013 server supports talking to the 2010 Build Machines to build 2010 solutions and projects.
Thanks,
Jason
I have a customized 2010 Build Template. Is it possible for me to convert this template to 2012 template? If so how can I do it?
@Chirag
The best approach is to diff your changes with the 2010 template and then see how those same changes can be made to the 2012 template. We don't have any way to simply migrate it to 2012. That said, the 2010 template can be made to work on 2012 as is.
Thanks, Jason
We are running TFS 2010 and just recently upgraded a test build machine to run .net 4.5.2 with TFS 2010. This required us to install VS 2012 and now when we are running our 2010 build definition, we fail with this error among others related to other work item types.
The build process failed validation. Details: Validation Error: The private implementation of activity '1: DynamicActivity' has the following validation error: Compiler error(s) encountered processing expression "wit.Project.Name = "Support"". Type 'WorkItem' is not defined.
I have narrowed this down a build activity called If AssociateChangesetsAndWorkItems. if I remove this activity, the build is successful, if it is there, it fails.
Under the VS/TFS 2010 build machine, it works fine with the If AssociateChangesetsAndWorkItems activity in place.
Under the VS2012/TFS 2010 build machine, it fails with the If AssociateChangesetsAndWorkItems activity in place, but works if it is removed.
Ideas? | https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/jpricket/2012/10/24/upgrading-your-build-definitions-from-tfs2010-to-tfs2012/?replytocom=2783 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | refinedweb | 2,800 | 55.74 |
Let time we did a lot of work to set up our form so we could edit a contact. Let put that work to use creating a reusable component that will toggle between display only and editing. Let’s start by making it display similar to what we already have.
Create
inputText Component
Since we want to create this component to be able to be used in more than one location we will create it in a
shared/ folder. So armed with the Angular-CLI lets create a
inputText component:
Create
inputText Component
ng g component shared/inputText
This should give us a new
input-text component folder and associated files:
input-text Folder and Files
Let’s add this to our
contact-details.component.html after the
form-group for
name but before the
form-group for
Updated
contact-details.component.html
<div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Name</label> <p class="col-sm-10 form-control-static">{{ name }}</p> </div> <app-input-text></app-input-text> <!-- <==== Here it is! --> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label> <p class="col-sm-10 form-control-static">{{ email }}</p> </div>
Now if you run your app and go to any contacts detail page it should look like this:
Contact Details with
input-text
That’s great and all but we need it to do something a little more.
Get Component to Display Data
First thing we should get it to do is replace the display functionality we have in
contact-details.component.html so let’s copy the
form-group for
input-text.component.html. If you reload your page you wont see much in the way of data from the contact but you will see that we have the label in the proper place.
input-text with
We want to be able to set the value for the label otherwise everything we use this component with is going to have the same label, in this case
input-text.component.ts we will add
Input to the import from
@angular/core.
Input is a decorator we will use to declare a property in such a way that Angular will expect it to receave data from template binding to the component’s mark up. This means we will pass data one-way into the component through the markup. This is done with the
[propertyName]="value" syntax, where property name is the name we want the data to go to in our component.
This will probably be easier to understand if we see it.
Let’s Update our
input-text.component.ts to import the
Input decorator and create 2 properties, one called
label and one called
textValue both will have the
@Input() decorator and both will be
string‘s:
Updated
input-text.component.ts
import { Component, Input } from '@angular/core'; @Component({ selector: 'app-input-text2', templateUrl: './input-text2.component.html', styleUrls: ['./input-text2.component.css'] }) export class InputText2Component { @Input() label:string; @Input() textValue:string; constructor() { } }
I removed the OnInit stuff since I don’t think it is providing value at this point. I could be wrong but generally less code is better.
Now we should update the view to make use of these new properties.
In
input-text.component.html lets change the text of
label property. While we are here let’s change the binding of the
p tag from
textValue property.
Updated
input-text.component.html
<div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">{{ label }}</label> <p class="col-sm-10 form-control-static">{{ textValue }}</p> </div>
This binding to these properties will allow us to set the values that are displayed here but right now we aren’t doing that so it looks like we just lost all our text.
Data Binding to Nothing
Let’s pass it some data and see what happens.
Pass Data In
Back in the
contact-details.component.html we will need to pass data into the
input-text component. To do that we will add attributes to the tag for the properties we want to assign data to. If we want to set the
label property of
input-text component we will use an attribute named
label. To set the
textValue we will use an attribute of the same name.
Since we are binding in the template we have to remember to use the template binding sysntax. In this case put square brackets
[]around the property name.
Let’s update our
app-input-text tag to have 2 attributes: one for
label that we pass a value of
'Email', yes it has single quotes around it, and one for
textValue set to
Duo-Email Displays
Of course we don’t need or want to display the email twice so let’s remove the old one. Giving us a final mark up for the day similar to this:
Udpate
contact-details.component.html
<form class="form-horizontal" (ngSubmit)="onSubmit()" # <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Id</label> <p class="col-sm-10 form-control-static" >{{ id }}</p> </div> <!--<app-input-text [(textValue)]="name" [label]="'Name'" [editing]="editing"></app-input-text> <app-input-text [(textValue)]="email" [label]="'Email'" [editing]="editing"></app-input-text>--> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Name</label> <p class="col-sm-10 form-control-static">{{ name }}</p> </div> <app-input-text2 [label]="'Email'" [textValue]="email"></app-input-text2> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <button type="button" * Edit </button> <button type="button" * Cancel </button> <button type="submit" * Save </button> <a routerLink="/" class="btn btn-warning">Back</a> </div> </div> </form>
Final Look
Conclusion
It way seem like we did a lot of work to replace 4 lines of markup with a single line for our component but it will really show it’s usefulness once we start adding editing feature. Of course we should probably get a second field to edit, I was thinking the first and last name, what do you think? Let me know by leaving a comment below or emailing brett@wipdeveloper.com. | https://wipdeveloper.com/visualforce-and-angular-starting-display-edit-component/ | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | refinedweb | 1,022 | 50.77 |
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Narf the MouseMember
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About Narf the Mouse
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C++ What is XlatXdxInitXopServices()?
Narf the Mouse replied to Muzzy A's topic in General and Gameplay Programming[quote name='Muzzy A' timestamp='1351480407' post='4994923'] im using c++ and d3d9. I found out that it was from calling directX functions. so i guess i'm making to many d3d calls in my program. [/quote] Do you send each sprite in their own buffer, or as one buffer for all the sprites?
What does it mean to "be creative"? And how does one "be creative"?
Narf the Mouse replied to tom_mai78101's topic in For BeginnersWelcome to your first dose of politics. The rest of your life will be spent dealing with people; best you learn how.
A class that contains an instance of itself
Narf the Mouse replied to lride's topic in General and Gameplay Programming[quote name='Brother Bob' timestamp='1351434923' post='4994717'] We don't know what you need to do in your constructor either. But I can tell you one thing: you cannot allocate a new menu unconditionally in each menu, because each menu will contain a menu, which will contain a menu, which will contain a menu, which will contain a menu, which will... ad infinitum. Whatever you do, you must have some logic that controls when the chain breaks; that is, which menus [b]don't[/b] contain a submenu. [/quote] This is a form of endless loop. Any loop that does not have a 100% valid, viable and usable exit condition is [i]very bad.[/i]
Just starting out...python a good choice?
Narf the Mouse replied to Aus's topic in For BeginnersI'm going to go against the flow and say Python is a terrible language. It's one of the few languages I've run across which is incomprehensible on the fifth read-through. Java is also a terrible language, old and full of legacy bad language ideas, as well as just plain [i]strange[/i] quirks.. C++ has plenty of old legacy bad language ideas and can be very incomprehensible. However, it's an open standard with decades of history and hundreds of libraries. You may not have a clue what you're doing, but you'll have a lot of options to trip over your own feet with a loaded chainsaw. C# has only some legacy bad language ideas, is easy to read and understand, but has solid and strongly defined limitations. Also, you're stuck with either Micro$oft of Borg or GPL of Borg. C is like C++, only there's no classes and your loaded chainsaw has no safety features. Basic is easy to program in and understand, has a lot of safety features, but has no classes and you're quite limited to the language, unless (for a few) you write your own dlls - Usually in C++. Meanwhile, if we ever get a compiler that can just understand English/your native language and can, in fact, "Just make me *an FPS", you'll spend most of your time giving the compiler directions like "Make the enemies harder, but not too hard" and the compiler will spend most of its time hating you and plotting to take over the world (seriously, all you need to say to kill off Humanity is "Optimize economic production". >>> All programming languages are [u][b][i]terrible[/i][/b][/u] <<< Pick the one that clicks with you, then learn it. * "a" and "an" are properly used based on which flow best, not on "consonant or vowel". Also, double negatives in English add. Double negatives negating is Latin grammar, taught by pretentious English teachers. Also, "a FPS" just sounds terrible.
Organisation/Planning Projects...
Narf the Mouse replied to pinebanana's topic in General and Gameplay ProgrammingI'd also be interested in this.
Are you planning/making a Windows 8 (metro) app?
Narf the Mouse replied to Cromulent's topic in General and Gameplay Programming[quote name='Cromulent' timestamp='1351450201' post='4994799'] [quote name='Narf the Mouse' timestamp='1351449943' post='4994797'] Windows. [/quote] Use FreeBSD or OpenBSD if you don't like the GPL. Both are complete and very stable and BSD licensed which allows you to do pretty much anything you want with the code as long as you supply a small bit of license text along with your binaries. [/quote] Thanks.
New Weapon technology built from scratch - New FPS written in javascript NEED FEEDBACK!
Narf the Mouse replied to gooncorp's topic in Graphics and GPU ProgrammingProgress is amazing. Do you sleep? More seriously, the latest videos seem kinda dark and hard to see.
Are you planning/making a Windows 8 (metro) app?
Narf the Mouse replied to Cromulent's topic in General and Gameplay ProgrammingWindows.
Is it true that SlimDX is being discontinued?
Narf the Mouse replied to Alpha_ProgDes's topic in Graphics and GPU Programming[quote name='Mike.Popoloski' timestamp='1351404014' post='4994642'] It's not dying, it's simply stable now. Most bugs have been fixed and we have pretty much complete coverage of the DXSDK up through the last drop. However, none of us have any interest in doing anything metro-related, so we don't feel it worthwhile to add DX 11.1 support, as it's metro-only. If you don't need metro support, the library is as good as it's always been. [/quote] Microsoft either needs to fire or listen to their GUI design guys. And half their lawyers. Edit: Any chance you could replicate the functionality or kickstart a project for that? Is DirectX part of an open standard? How about SlimGL?
C++ What is XlatXdxInitXopServices()?
Narf the Mouse replied to Muzzy A's topic in General and Gameplay ProgrammingAre you creating and/or deleting anything each frame? Including by implication? What language? (Sounds like C++, if you're using DirectX directly)
What are the valid hlsl sampler state values?
Narf the Mouse replied to Narf the Mouse's topic in Graphics and GPU Programming[quote name='Nik02' timestamp='1351412100' post='4994652'] See the topic "Sampler Type (DirectX HLSL)" in the documentation. Quoting: [i]"The right side of each expression is the value assigned to each state. See the D3D10_SAMPLER_DESC structure for the possible state values for Direct3D 10. There is a 1 to 1 relationship between the state names and the members of the structure."[/i] D3D9 and later differ in the fact that later API versions logically separate samplers and textures (so that you can use one sampler state for many textures or vice versa), whereas in D3D9 instances of a texture and a sampler state are tightly coupled. [/quote] Thank you. I spent most of yesterday trying to compact my terrain vertices down to a single index value, and the only remaining problem seems to have to do with the texture heightmap I'm using to generate data for the pixel shader.
Enum help
Narf the Mouse replied to Crusable77's topic in For BeginnersTo explain further, anything outside of your class doesn't know the Type enum exists. Your Item class knows it exists, but that knowledge is contained inside the class, since you declared the enum inside the class. So, if you want anything else to use the Type enum, you have to tell them where to look. The :: operator refers to the contents of the Item class itself, not any specific Item instance, so you use it to refer to the Item::Type enum. You'd also use it to refer to static members, the contents of namespaces (since namespaces can't have instances) and probably more, but I'm a C++ newb myself. (Just not a coding newb)
Narf the Mouse replied to Rko No Evil's topic in For Beginners[quote name='Rko No Evil' timestamp='1351433787' post='4994710'] I made my first Hello World! [img][/img]? [/quote] Make tetris. Or, if that sounds like too much right now, "Guess my number".
What are the valid hlsl sampler state values?
Narf the Mouse posted a topic in Graphics and GPU ProgrammingDoes Microsoft even document them? Cannot find them. Thanks. Edit: To clarify, what can I put in sampler state filter, addressU/V, etc. - What are the valid values for each sampler state variable, or where can I find them? (Plus an explanation)
Create an operating system
Narf the Mouse replied to BentmGamer's topic in General and Gameplay Programming[quote name='joew' timestamp='1351320790' post='4994358'] [quote name='Narf the Mouse' timestamp='1351320533' post='4994357'] ...Y'know, I'd be interested in buying a good book on writing an OS, if anyone wants to write one and put it up on Amazon. [/quote] You mean like Tenenbaum's books [url=""]Modern Operating Systems[/url] and [url=""]Operating Systems Design & Implementation[/url]? Or something more like [url=""]Design of the UNIX Operating System[/url]? There are literally tons of them on Amazon! [/quote] [quote name='ATC' timestamp='1351313891' post='4994344'] *Snip* [b]And along the way it also gets very frustrating because there are virtually no resources available online or in book stores to help you.[/b] *Snip* Regards, --ATC-- [/quote] ...Alright, which one of you is right?
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I have a homework assignment I am having trouble with. The instructions are:
Implement the function maxLoc(), which return an iterator pointing at the largest element in a list.
// return an iterator pointing to the largest element
// in the list.
templete <typename T>
list<T>::iterator maxLoc(list<T>& aList);
Write a program that tests maxLoc(), using the following declarations:
string strArr[] = {"insert", "erase", "templete", "list"};
int strSize = sizeof(strArr) / sizeof(string);
list<string> strList(strArr, strArr+strSize);
The program should repeatedly call maxLoc(),
output the largest value, and then delete the value, until the list is empty.
Now my program executes fine. The problem is when it gets to the line to erase the elements at maxLoc, it is erasing the first element in the list instead. I cannot figure out why it is doing this because there is nothing in there re-assigning maxLoc to the beginning of the list.
What am I doing wrong? Can I not use aList.erase(maxLoc) to erase teh element at *maxLoc? I tried useing aList.erase(iter) but that gave me sevaral errors. I just can't see how maxLoc is reassigning to the first element in the list.
Code:#include <iostream> #include <list> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; template <typename T> list<string>::iterator maxLoc(list<string>& aList); int main() { string strArr[] = {"insert","erase","template","list"}; int strSize = sizeof(strArr)/sizeof(string); list<string> aList(strArr, strArr + strSize); list<string>::iterator iter = aList.begin(); list<string>::iterator maxLoc=aList.begin(); //validate that the list is not empty. Run loop until aList.empty() = true while (!aList.empty()) { cout << "The list contains the elements " << endl; //loop reads through the list and sets the maxLoc to equal iter if iter is greater than the current maxLoc while (iter!=aList.end()) { cout << *iter << endl; if (*iter > *maxLoc) *maxLoc = *iter; ++iter; }//end loop //Output the max element that was found cout << "Max Element is " << *maxLoc << endl << endl; //erase the element found at maxLoc from teh list cout << "Remove " << *maxLoc << " from the list." << endl << endl; aList.erase(maxLoc); //reset the iter and maxLoc pointers iter = aList.begin(); maxLoc = aList.begin(); cin.get(); }//end loop cout << "The List is Empty." << endl; cout << "Press Enter to Continue"; cin.get(); return 0; }//end main() | http://cboard.cprogramming.com/cplusplus-programming/73091-homework-help.html | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | refinedweb | 377 | 58.48 |
-
Filtering Arrays
array_filter($values, 'checkMail')
<?php function checkMail($s) { // ... } $values = array( 'valid@email.tld', 'invalid@email', 'also@i.nvalid', 'also@val.id' ); echo implode(', ', array_filter($values, 'checkMail')); ?>
Filtering Valid Email Addresses (array_filter.php)
Imagine you get a bunch of values—from an HTML form, a file, or a database: first, the array to be filtered; and second, a function name (as a string) that checks whether an array element is good. This validation function returns true upon success and false otherwise. The following is a very simple validation function for email addresses; see Chapter 1, “Manipulating Strings,” for a much better one:
function checkMail($s) { $ampersand = strpos($s, '@'); $lastDot = strrpos($s, '.'); return ($ampersand !== false && $lastDot !== false && $lastDot - $ampersand >= 3); }
Now, the code at the beginning of this phrase calls array_filter() so that only (syntactically) valid email addresses are left.
As you would expect, the code just prints out the two valid email addresses. | http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1969707&seqNum=15 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | refinedweb | 153 | 50.33 |
Sometimes a dynamic single-page app is overkill. You just need to get some attractive information on the internet. Welcome back to static sites. With the Gatsby.js framework, you don’t have to leave your React skills behind in the pursuit of faster, better, weaker.
What is a static site and why do you want one? model of a “single page site” — you may click links, but you always stay “on the same page”. Every React site on the internet is rendered almost completely within the
app div of a very basic HTML page. Everything inside of the div is generated dynamically. Often very specifically for the user in front of the computer.
It may be further helpful to understand some of the things a static site cannot do:
- Render pages dynamically based on database information (displaying user information at
/user/<user-id>, for instance)
- Generate and use logins / user authentication
- Be assured of any persistence of data (you can use cookies, of course, but your users are always free to trash them)
Advantages
Static sites are fast, as they don’t need to talk to any database to get their information. They are also already rendered and built when the user requests the page from their browser, so it is available instantaneously (image loading notwithstanding, of course). All the code needed to run your website is provided to the browser and it runs locally.
Static sites can be hosted simply. No Heroku falling asleep, no whirring up servers. It goes without saying that this is the cheapest way to get your content into the world. Most will be satisfied with the free options for simple sites.
Static sites are stable. The only barrier to more and more users loading your site is the hosting server where you have your files. No worries about database loads or processing. It’s just sending over HTML, CSS and Javascript files, and it can do it as quickly as your host allows.
Disadvantages
All the major disadvantages are baked into the very concept of a static site: difficulty in updating content and lack of response to users. If your project requires logins, a static site isn’t the right thing for you. If you have a great deal of content, or similar content you want displayed in similar ways, this may also be the wrong tool.
I don’t personally think a blog is a good candidate for a tool like this, because it requires too many steps to go from creation to publishing. If you’ve used something like Wordpress, it’s going to feel like a slog to get things live. Then again, you control your content from front-to-back, and that’s very attractive for many people.
The rest of this article will tackle the how of making a static site. Just a few years ago, if you wanted one, you’d have to write everything from scratch. Then potentially deploy via FTP or the like. But I’m here to say: you can build static websites using your React skills. Let’s jump in.
My Project
The reason I got into Gatsby.js in the first place is that I wanted to redo my portfolio site. I’d been using a modified template that I was uploading to my hosting site via FTP. It was such a pain in the butt to update, I’d gone literally years without touching it. I didn’t want to build it in React because then I’d have to host it on Heroku. Heroku puts its free tier apps to sleep if no one is using them — a delay I find unacceptable. I knew a static site would be much faster and would never have to sleep.
I was delighted to find static site generators built in React! I could put my React skills to use building something I could deploy on Github pages. Score!
If you’re the kind of person who wants to jump right into the code, you are welcome to the github repo for my portfolio.
Gatsby.js vs. Next.js
In the course of researching this article, I found a lot of people pointing to Next.js. It does have an option to export static content, but it is more commonly run on a server (enter Heroku sleeping) and is typically used for folks who want to employ server-side rendering. I can’t speak to it as a tool for such, but it looks neat and if you need to do some SSR, you should give it a look.
For me, various interwebs recommended Gatsby.js. I instantly fell in love when I got to work on my own portfolio.
Why Gatsby?
In a word: React. I already know how to build things in React and Gatsby leverages that skillset for me. But there’s more. Lots more.
Community
Gatsby has a loyal following and scads of people developing libraries for use with the framework. As of this writing, there are 545 plugins for Gatsby. Additionally, you can use a great many of the standard React libraries for building your site.
GraphQL, APIs, and all the data the internet has
At build time (when you, the developer, build the site, and not when the user visits it), Gatsby can reach out to the internet and grab all the information your heart could desire from wherever you want to get it. Here you can access any API, including ones you’ve built. Gatsby then folds this data into the HTML it’s generating, and creates the pages based on that data.
GraphQL is built right into the build package, so you can use a tool you may already be familiar with. If you’d prefer to use something like
fetch (or the more widely supported
axios) that’s fine too. Because you’re more or less writing React, you can use whatever React packages float your boat.
Of course, because there’s no server interaction when the site is live, Gatsby dumps the data into JSON files. Gatsby pulls from there for rendering.
Built-in lazy loading of images
If you’ve ever resized images for the web, you know how annoying it can be to deal with displaying images at a reasonable speed. Enter
gatsby-image. This plugin allows you to pre-load your images and deliver them in the appropriate size for the browser, at that time.
Blazing fast
Gatsby includes out-of-the-box code and data splitting, so your site will explode out of the gates. It also pre-fetches data for the parts of the site you are not looking at. When the time comes, it’s ready to throw new information at your users.
Out-of-the-box Goodies
Gatsby makes it easy to get started. Second to being built on React, my favorite part of Gatsby is the automatic routing.
Routing
There’s a
pages folder, and into it you place all of the links for your site. So you might have an index page, which you will by convention name
index.js. You might also have an
about page and maybe a
contact page. Gatsby wants you to name the files in your
pages folder the same as the links for your site.
So when you make a
About.js and
Contact.js you will generate routing to
/about and
/contact automatically. Into these parent components you will place any code you want, including additional components, that will go and live somewhere other than your
pages folder.
If you have ever set up React Router, this feels like a damn revelation. There’s literally no work to be done at all. You put the correctly named parent components (you might have called them
containers in your React projects) into the
pages folder. Gatsby does all the work for you.
To link between pages, use a simple
<Link to='/contact'>Contact</Link>.
Tooling
The other great thing about Gatsby is how incredibly easy it is to get up and running. There’s a CLI tool, of course, so it’s a simple matter of:
npm install --global gatsby-cli gatsby new site-name gatsby develop
Gatsby takes care of everything, just like
create-react-app. You’ve got hot reloading out of the box. When you’ve finished and are ready to send the bad boy off to your hosting provider, it’s just
gatsby build and send that static content anywhere you want.
Starter Libraries
Another great thing about the community is the large number of starter libraries available so that you don’t have to begin each project from square one. If you know you want a blog, or a powerpoint-like presentation site, or even something that comes with design baked in, Gatsby can send you down that path quickly and efficiently.
(Make sure you pick a starter that is based on version 2 of Gatsby! I learned this one the hard way: upgrading was not pleasant.)
The code
So let’s take a look at what Gatsby project code looks like.
layouts/index.js
We start where the app starts: our
components/layout.js. Here’s what mine looks like, after I delete some starter loading code I don’t particularly need or want:
import React from 'react' import '../assets/scss/main.scss' import Header from '../components/Header' import Footer from '../components/Footer' class Template extends React.Component { render() { return ( <div className='body'> <Header/> {this.props.children} <Footer/> </div> ) } } export default Template;
By convention we will wrap any page in this
Template component. If we need different templates, of course we may use them wherever we like.
(Note: Gatsby v1 automatically grabbed code from your
layouts/index.js and applied it to all pages. Gatsby v2 expects you to manage your layouts manually.)
We need to import our stylesheet. And look — we can use Sass! You’ll need to add
node-sass and
gatsby-plugin-sass, but otherwise write your sass, import it at the top of your site and be happy.
pages/index.js
pages/index.js is where our app really “starts”.
Here’s the whole component for my site. I …ed the texts to shorten things, but otherwise I left everything here so you can see that Gatsby code looks exactly like React code, because it is.
import React from 'react' import me from '../assets/images/main/me.png' import Helmet from 'react-helmet' import Template from '../components/layout' import Photography from '../components/Photography' import Miscellaneous from '../components/Miscellaneous' class IndexPage extends React.Component { state = {} ChevronLink = () => [...] render() { const { showMiscellaneous, showPhotography } = this.state return ( <Template> <div> <Helmet> <meta charSet="utf-8"/> <title>Amber Wilkie, Software Engineer</title> </Helmet> <section id="aboutMe" className="main style1"> <div className="grid-wrapper"> <div className="col-6"> <header className="major"> <h2>About Me</h2> </header> <p>Hi, it's me...</p> <div className='about-me-links' > <a href=''>Tech Blog</a> {this.ChevronLink('showPhotography', 'Photography')} {this.ChevronLink('showMiscellaneous', 'Etc')} </div> </div> <div className="col-6"> <span className="image fit"> <img src={me} </span> </div> </div> </section> {showPhotography && <Photography />} {showMiscellaneous && <Miscellaneous/>} </div> </Template> ) } } export default IndexPage;
Everything is pretty basic React stuff here: some spans that toggle sections of the site, imports/exports, you know this stuff. The only thing you might pay attention to is that we must import and then reference imported elements. I can’t “link” a local image: at build time, those references are generated dynamically. If you want to reference any of your assets, you’ll need to import them.
Data fetching
The most interesting component in my site is
Photography . Again, I’ve removed some code and …ed others to make room for the important bits.
import React, { Component } from 'react' import { StaticQuery, graphql } from 'gatsby' import Img from 'gatsby-image' import { CSSTransition } from 'react-transition-group' import { travelDescriptions } from '../utilities/constants' class Photography extends Component { state = { currentImage: this.props.data.Images.edges[0].node, imageIndex: 0, } changeImage = () => [...] render() { const { currentImage } = this.state const imageSizes = currentImage.childImageSharp.sizes const imageName = currentImage.name return ( <section id="photography" className="main style2"> <div className="grid-wrapper"> <div className='col-3'> <header className="major"> <h2>Photography</h2> </header> <CSSTransition> [... photo descriptions ...] </CSSTransition> </div> <div className="col-9 image-holder"> <div key={imageName}> <div className='left' onClick={() => this.changeImage(-1)}/> <Img title={imageName} alt={imageName} sizes={imageSizes} <div className='right' onClick={() => this.changeImage(1)}/> </div> </div> </div> </section> ) } } const query = graphql` query imagesQuery { Images: allFile( sort: {order: ASC, fields: [absolutePath]} filter: {relativePath: {regex: "/travel/"}} ) { edges { node { relativePath name childImageSharp { sizes(maxWidth: 1500) { ...GatsbyImageSharpSizes } } } } } } ` export default () => <StaticQuery query={query} render={data => <Photography data={data}/>} />
export default () => <StaticQuery query={query} render={data => <Photography data={data}/>}/>
GraphQL data fetching
Let’s look at the last part of that component. Though your site will be static at runtime, it can pull all kinds of data at build-time. Here’s where our GraphQL fetching comes in, included as part of Gatsby’s core library. Because I’m working in a component, I am required to use Gatsby’s
StaticQuery, which will pass the results of my query into
this.props.data.
If I were making this query on a page, I could simply dump my query into the code. It would automatically pass results to
this.props.data. Note that
StaticQuery cannot receive props, but anonymous queries on pages can.
It does the same thing here. If you get a more complicated data structure going on, you may prefer to create a data layer that can pass down
data props instead. Here we’ll need the GraphQL query on the page to get
data in props.
This is just one example of how Gatsby can fetch data from within your local folders. For more, check the GraphQL reference from the Gatsby docs. There are a number of image-grabbing tools as well, baked right into the framework. More examples in the docs on this as well.
But here we’ll just talk about what I’m doing. I’m looking for any files in my
travel folder. Then
childImageSharp will create an array of sizes, which we pass into the
Img component (from the massively popular
gatsby-image plugin).
Img will create a blurry placeholder for us and also provide efficient image sizes based on our browser size. Pretty neat, right?
Finally, don’t forget that image
key. You’re not mapping over anything, but
gatsby-image expects you to tell it where the image is loading so it can make that pretty blurred placeholder.
Bonus: deploy on Netlify
It’s even easier to get your code on the internet with Netlify. These guys let you skip the build step and just upload your content to Github. Netlify will take your code from repo to available online, and basic tier is free, and includes SSL. There’s even a (ridiculously easy) step-by-step guide for getting Gatsby pages up and running. Every time you commit to master on Github, a Netlify build will be triggered. Because Gatsby grabs data from internal and external sources at build time, you’ll get new data every time a build is run.
Bonus: auto-deploy with IFTTT
As an extra step, you might consider creating an auto-deploy of your site, so you can grab new content from your external sources. For instance, it’s possible to add Medium article summaries through the
gatsby-source-medium plugin (which I can attest is magically easy to set up).
Netlify will provide you with a URL for making POST requests. When you do, it will trigger a re-build and deploy of your site. You can condition this on whatever you want, using whatever tool you like.
I can champion IFTTT, a service that will make your day if you’ve never heard of it before. If This Then That creates webhooks for you. So you can condition a build on, say, publishing a new Medium article. IFTTT will handle the listener and the action. If you publish to Medium, it will send that POST request. Your Gatsby site will pull in the new content via its GraphQL query to Medium. Your site will be re-deployed with your new article summary.
Go get it, friends.
References
- Static Website definition
- What is a static site generator?
- Gatsby vs. Next
- Gatsby docs
- Big thanks to Maribel Duran for creating such a great tutorial. Be careful, though: she references a Gatsby v1 starter. You’ll hate life if you use it, as upgrading from Gatsby v1 to v2 is a tremendous PITA. I highly recommend you find something build in v2 to start with. | https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-leverage-your-react-skills-with-static-site-generator-gatsby-js-81843e928606/ | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | refinedweb | 2,776 | 65.32 |
#include <assert.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "nvim/ascii.h"
#include "nvim/buffer.h"
#include "nvim/change.h"
#include "nvim/charset.h"
#include "nvim/cursor.h"
#include "nvim/edit.h"
#include "nvim/eval.h"
#include "nvim/ex_cmds.h"
#include "nvim/ex_cmds2.h"
#include "nvim/ex_getln.h"
#include "nvim/fileio.h"
#include "nvim/fold.h"
#include "nvim/func_attr.h"
#include "nvim/getchar.h"
#include "nvim/indent.h"
#include "nvim/indent_c/option.h"
#include "nvim/os/input.h"
#include "nvim/os/time.h"
#include "nvim/path.h"
#include "nvim/regexp.h"
#include "nvim/screen.h"
#include "nvim/search.h"
#include "nvim/strings.h"
#include "nvim/ui.h"
#include "nvim/vim.h"
#include "nvim/window.h"
bonus if match is uppercase and prev is lower
bonus if the first letter is matched
penalty for gap in matching positions (-2 * k)
penalty applied for every letter in str before the first match
maximum penalty for leading letters
bonus if match occurs after a path separator
Score for a string that doesn't fuzzy match the pattern.
bonus for adjacent matches; this is higher than SEPARATOR_BONUS so that matching a whole word is preferred.
penalty for every letter that doesn't match
bonus if match occurs after a word separator
Move back to the end of the word.
Check if line[] contains a / / comment.
Find block under the cursor, cursor at end. "what" and "other" are two matching parenthesis/brace/etc.
Find quote under the cursor, cursor at end.
Find next search match under cursor, cursor at end. Used while an operator is pending, and in Visual mode.
Find tag block under the cursor, cursor at end.
Find word under cursor, cursor at end. Used while an operator is pending, and in Visual mode.
Highest level string search function. Search for the 'count'th occurrence of pattern 'pat' in direction 'dirc'
Careful: If spats[0].off.line == TRUE and spats[0].off.off == 0 this makes the movement linewise without moving the match position.
"matchfuzzy()" function
"matchfuzzypos()" function
Find identifiers or defines in included files. If p_ic && (compl_cont_status & CONT_SOL) then ptr must be in lowercase.
Find the next paragraph or section in direction 'dir'. Paragraphs are currently supposed to be separated by empty lines. If 'what' is NUL we go to the next paragraph. If 'what' is '{' or '}' we go to the next section. If 'both' is TRUE also stop at '}'.
Performs exhaustive search via recursion to find all possible matches and match with highest score. Scores values have no intrinsic meaning. Possible score range is not normalized and varies with pattern. Recursion is limited internally (default=10) to prevent degenerate cases (pat_arg="aaaaaa" str="aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"). Uses char_u for match indices. Therefore patterns are limited to MAX_FUZZY_MATCHES characters.
fwd_word(count, type, eol) - move forward one word
Get last search pattern.
Get last substitute pattern.
As ignorecase() put pass the "ic" and "scs" flags.
Returns true if pattern
pat has an uppercase character.
Save and restore the search pattern for incremental highlight search feature.
It's similar to but different from save_search_patterns() and restore_search_patterns(), because the search pattern must be restored when cancelling incremental searching even if it's called inside user functions.
translate search pattern for vim_regcomp()
pat_save == RE_SEARCH: save pat in spats[RE_SEARCH].pat (normal search cmd) pat_save == RE_SUBST: save pat in spats[RE_SUBST].pat (:substitute command) pat_save == RE_BOTH: save pat in both patterns (:global command) pat_use == RE_SEARCH: use previous search pattern if "pat" is NULL pat_use == RE_SUBST: use previous substitute pattern if "pat" is NULL pat_use == RE_LAST: use last used pattern if "pat" is NULL options & SEARCH_HIS: put search string in history options & SEARCH_KEEP: keep previous search pattern
Returns true if search pattern was the last used one.
lowest level search function. Search for 'count'th occurrence of pattern "pat" in direction "dir". Start at position "pos" and return the found position in "pos".
if (options & SEARCH_MSG) == 0 don't give any messages if (options & SEARCH_MSG) == SEARCH_NFMSG don't give 'notfound' messages if (options & SEARCH_MSG) == SEARCH_MSG give all messages if (options & SEARCH_HIS) put search pattern in history if (options & SEARCH_END) return position at end of match if (options & SEARCH_START) accept match at pos itself if (options & SEARCH_KEEP) keep previous search pattern if (options & SEARCH_FOLD) match only once in a closed fold if (options & SEARCH_PEEK) check for typed char, cancel search if (options & SEARCH_COL) start at pos->col instead of zero
Set last used search pattern
Set last search pattern.
Set last substitute pattern.
Move cursor briefly to character matching the one under the cursor. Used for Insert mode and "r" command. Show the match only if it is visible on the screen. If there isn't a match, then beep. | https://neovim.io/doc/dev/search_8c.html | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | refinedweb | 786 | 70.7 |
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I like my build numbers to be the same number that my assemblies are versioned with (and my end deliverables). It just makes things easier to track, that way if I get a bug report in from a customer I can look at the version and easily look at the label in source control to see what code that included. In all deliverables provided to the customer, we always output the version obtained from the current assembly somewhere at the start of any diagnostic information, that way you can easily tell what version they are on and instantly track this back. This all helps to make it easy for bugs to be filed against the correct version and reported in which version they have been fixed (using the nice integration between Team Build and the Work Item tracking portion of TFS).
People are often surprised that this feature does not work "out the box" with Team Build, so I thought I would just take the time to document how I made this work for us internally. As you'll be able to see, in TFS2008 all the basic hooks are provided for us to support this way of working.
Firstly, our .NET version numbering uses a slightly different scheme to our Java version numbering. In our Java products, the "build number" portion of the version number is actually the changeset number of TFS at that point in time. In .NET there are 4 components to a typical assembly version number (1.0.1234.5678) and the maximum value for each number is 65535. Our production TFS server is currently at changeset 7698 which means that we would get about 6 years out of such a build numbering scheme for .NET - that would be perfectly satisfactory if you had a changeset epoch after each major release (so you would reset the build number to be current changeset - 7698 if we did a major version today). However Team Build needs a unique name for each build - using a changeset based approach risks having two builds with the same build number. So rather than do a changeset based system, I decided to make the .NET build numbers be a straight-forward incrementing number. I rely of the default functionality of Team Build to create a label for that build number to track the number back to version control. The incrementing number value is stored in a file on the default drop location for the build.
Another thing that I should explain is that I don't personally like the "standard" Microsoft way of versioning assemblies as:-
<Major>.<Minor>.<Build>.<Service>
To me, it reads much easier as:-
<Major>.<Minor>.<Service>.<Build>
Where <Build> is the number that increments every time a build is performed. As far as I am concerned, this difference is mostly cosmetic as it doesn't change the way the CLR resolves the assembly versions, however feel free to correct me in the comments if I am talking rubbish.
So - onto how we accomplish this. Firstly, in TFS2008 there is a convenient target for you to override to generate your custom build numbers called "BuildNumberOverrideTarget". The important thing is that each build number must be unique, therefore a good rule of thumb is to use something like BuildDefinitionName_1.0.0.1234. Inside the BuildNumberOverrideTarget you simply set "BuildNumber" property to be what you want. Here is ours:-
<PropertyGroup> <VersionMajor>1</VersionMajor> <VersionMinor>0</VersionMinor> <VersionService>0</VersionService> <VersionBuild>0</VersionBuild> </PropertyGroup> <Target Name="BuildNumberOverrideTarget"> <!-- Create a custom build number, matching the assembly version --> <Message Text="Loading last build number from file "$(DropLocation)\buildnumber.txt"" /> <IncrementingNumber NumberFile="$(DropLocation)\buildnumber.txt"> <Output TaskParameter="NextNumber" PropertyName="VersionBuild" /> </IncrementingNumber> <PropertyGroup> <BuildNumber>$(BuildDefinitionName)_$(VersionMajor).$(VersionMinor).$(VersionService).$(VersionBuild)</BuildNumber> </PropertyGroup> <Message Text="Build number set to "$(BuildNumber)"" /> </Target>
The first thing I do is call a quick custom task I wrote that increments the build number stored in the passed file. I wanted to do this while keeping a lock on the file itself in case two builds tried to update the same file at the same time. We then take this new number and build the BuildNumber based upon that value. The code for the Incrementing Number task is very simple and is given below:-
using System; using System.IO; using Microsoft.Build.Framework; using Microsoft.Build.Utilities;
namespace Teamprise.Tasks
{
/// <summary>
/// A simple task to increment the number stored in a passed file.
/// </summary>
public class IncrementingNumber : Task
{
public override bool Execute()
{
NextNumber = IncrementNumber();
return true;
}
public int IncrementNumber()
{
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(NumberFile, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None))
{
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(fs);
long pos = 0;
String line = reader.ReadLine();
// Ignore comments in file
while (line != null && line.StartsWith("#"))
{
pos = pos + line.Length + System.Environment.NewLine.Length;
line = reader.ReadLine();
}
int number = -1;
if (line != null)
{
number = Int32.Parse(line);
}
NextNumber = number + 1;
// Rewind the file stream back to the beginning of the number part.
fs.Position = pos;
StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(fs);
writer.WriteLine(NextNumber.ToString());
writer.Flush();
writer.Close();
}
return NextNumber;
}
[Required]
public string NumberFile { get; set; }
[Output]
public int NextNumber { get; set; }
}
}
You compile this code into an assembly of your choice that lives alongside the TFSBuild.proj file in the build configuration folder in source control and is this loaded using the UsingTask call at the begging of your MSBuild project, i.e.
<UsingTask TaskName="Teamprise.Tasks.IncrementingNumber" AssemblyFile="Teamprise.Tasks.dll" />
The next thing that we have to do is to take the new version and force this into the assemblyinfo files. Personally, I prefer the AssemblyInfo files stored in source control to have a certain well defined number for each release branch (i.e. 1.0.0.0), and make it the build server that versions them. Some people like to check these back into source control - if you do that, be sure to check them in with the special comment of "***NO_CI***" to ensure that the check-in does not trigger any CI builds potentially putting you into an infinite loop of building.
So, we modify our assembly version files after they have been downloaded from source control using a technique borrowed from Richard Banks, our interpretation of this is given below:-
<ItemGroup> <AssemblyInfoFiles Include="$(SolutionRoot)\**\assemblyinfo.cs" /> </ItemGroup> <Target Name="AfterGet"> <!-- Update all the assembly info files with generated version info --> <Message Text="Modifying AssemblyInfo files under "$(SolutionRoot)"." /> <Attrib Files="@(AssemblyInfoFiles)" Normal="true" /> <FileUpdate Files="@(AssemblyInfoFiles)" Regex="AssemblyVersion\(".*"\)\]" ReplacementText="AssemblyVersion("$(VersionMajor).$(VersionMinor).$(VersionService).$(VersionBuild)")]" /> <FileUpdate Files="@(AssemblyInfoFiles)" Regex="AssemblyFileVersion\(".*"\)\]" ReplacementText="AssemblyFileVersion("$(VersionMajor).$(VersionMinor).$(VersionService).$(VersionBuild)")]" /> <Message Text="AssemblyInfo files updated to version "$(VersionMajor).$(VersionMinor).$(VersionService).$(VersionBuild)"" /> </Target>
As you can see, we are making use of the custom Attrib task that is provided by the essential MSBuild Community Tasks to set the files to read/write and then we are calling the MSBuild Community Task FileUpdate to do a couple of regular expression search replaces on the appropriate parts of the files.
And that's about all that needs to be done. Now our builds have nice incrementing numbers that have the version number included that is the same as the assembly info files.
Hi Richard,
This is excellent and exactly what i've been looking for as we used to do this process with NAnt and now are migrating to TF Build.
A couple of questions:
You don't checkout or checkin the buildnumber.txt file. So where does this live? In the $(DropLocation), but where is this?
My buildnumber.txt sits alongside my TFSBuild.proj file and i have to check it out in the BuildNumberOverrideTarget, however this is causing me problems as this is called before the 'BeforeGet' or any of the get targets so the file is not actually there!
Cheers,
Andy
The Drop location is the network folder than all the builds get copied to when they have finished being built ready for staging. Therefore the buildnumber.txt is actually not under version control.
However I am not completely happy with this scenario.
If you store your buildnumber.txt file alongside the TFSBuild.proj file then Team Build will actually get that file for you as part of the bootstrap process. It actually downloads everything in folder that the TFSBuild.proj file lives (but doesn't download things in sub-folder by default). Therefore you will have it in BeforeGet.
You will at some point obviously want to check this file in at some point (probably in BeforeGet or AfterGet). When you do this check-in (by doing an exec of the TFS command line "tf /checkin", but sure to check-in with a comment of "***NO_CI***" to ensure that the check-in didn't trigger another CI build which would put you in a recursive build loop.
Hope that helps,
Martin.
Hi,
I completely agree on using an incremented number at the end of the version number! But how should it be called to avoid confusion with TFS's whole "build number"? I'll go with "revision suffix" for the rest of this comment...
So, with the same idea in mind, our approach to this was slightly different. In BuildNumberOverrideTarget, we call a custom task just like you do, except that it doesn't read the revision suffix from a file and write it back. Instead it queries the BuildStore, gets the biggest existing suffix for that build definition, and adds 1.
A loop on the existing build data can give us this information quite easily:
That's it we have the new revision suffix, and we can use it when overriding the build number.
What do you think about this approach?
We haven't been using it for long but it seems to work fine for the moment.
Cheers
Romain
Hi I successfully implemented the concept of incrementing revision number but I am not able to checkin the Files.
I am using following commands
but the TF.exe command failed and exites with 100 code
Please help me
Personally I do not like the build process to check in files that it modifies. However - to figure out what is going wrong in your case I would take a look at the BuildLog.txt from the build as that will contain the error message from tf.exe
Good luck,
Martin.
sorry I didn't stick in the actual error message it is, the error I get is
error MSB4067: The element beneath element is unrecognized.
I could be to do with the version of TeamBuild i.e. I'm using 2005.
sorry I'll try this again, the TeamBuild will not pick up the BuildNumber property.
here's the error
error MSB4067: The element @BuildNumber@ beneath element @PropertyGroup@ is unrecognized.
I'm using TeamBuild 2005.
I'm implementing this on TFS 2008 but I'm getting error MSB4036: The "Attrib" task was not found. Thanks in advance for your help. Below is the tail end of the BuildLog.txt:
The text from the log I posted was cut off. Here's another try...
error MSB4036: The "Attrib" in the project file, or in the *.tasks files located in the "C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v3.5" directory.
Figured it out...
I missed the part about installing MSBuild Community Tasks. All is well after I installed it and added this to TFSBuild.proj:
Attrib is part of the MSBuild Community Tasks project...
Oops, hadn't refreshed yet today when I replied there... missed your post right before mine.
Done executing task "Get".
Task "SetBuildProperties" skipped, due to false condition; ( '$(GetVersion)' != '$(SourceGetVersion)' ) was evaluated as ( 'C87748' != 'C87748' ).
Done building target "CoreGet" in project "TFSBuild.proj".
Target "AfterGet" in file "C:\MyAccount_Build\BuildType\TFSBuild.proj" from project "C:\MyAccount_Build\BuildType\TFSBuild.proj":
Task "Message"
Modifying AssemblyInfo files under 'C:\MyAccount_Build\Sources' and 'C:\MyAccount_Build\BuildType'.
Done executing task "Message".
Using "Attrib" task from assembly "C:\Program Files\MSBuild\MSBuildCommunityTasks\MSBuild.Community.Tasks.dll".
Task "Attrib"
Done executing task "Attrib".
Using "FileUpdate" task from assembly "C:\Program Files\MSBuild\MSBuildCommunityTasks\MSBuild.Community.Tasks.dll".
Task "FileUpdate"
C:\MyAccount_Build\BuildType\TFSBuild.proj : error : Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
Done executing task "FileUpdate" -- FAILED.
Done building target "AfterGet" in project "TFSBuild.proj" -- FAILED.
Done Building Project "C:\MyAccount_Build\BuildType\TFSBuild.proj" (EndToEndIteration target(s)) -- FAILED.
Build FAILED.
Can someone let me know where I went wrong. | http://www.woodwardweb.com/vsts/000417.html | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | refinedweb | 2,059 | 57.06 |
I’ve been using auto_ptrs before they were available in C++ (I made my own). I wrote several articles about resource management, in which auto_ptr played a prominent role. auto_ptr had always had many flaws, but it was a workhorse of memory management in a language that shuns garbage collection. Many of the flaws have been understood over the years and, in the 0x version of C++, auto_ptr was supplanted by the new improved unique_ptr. Using the latest features of C++, like rvalue references, unique_ptr implements move semantics in a consistent manner. You can now store unique_ptrs in most containers and apply many algorithms to them.
So why am I not jumping for joy? Because I know how much more can be done.
But first let me summarize the idea behind the unique pointer. It is a (smart) pointer that is the only reference to the object it’s pointing to. In particular, you cannot make a copy of a unique pointer–if you could, you’d end up with two references to the same object. You can only move it (hence the move semantics), making the source of the move invalid. With the older auto_ptr the moving was done quietly during assignment or pass-by-value. The problem with that arrangement was that the source auto_ptr would suddenly turn to null, which was sometimes confusing and occasionally led to access violations–as in this example:
void f(auto_ptr<Foo> foo); // pass by value auto_ptr<Foo> pFoo (new Foo()); f(pFoo); // pass by value nulls the internal pointer pFoo->method(); // access violation
The improvement provided by unique_ptr is to require an explicit move, to sensitize the programmer to the fact that the source of move becomes invalid. Still, the following code will compile, although the bug is much more prominent:
void f(unique_ptr<Foo> foo); unique_ptr<Foo> pFoo (new Foo()) f(move(pFoo)); // explicit move pFoo->method(); // access violation
A bigger problem is that there is no guarantee that a unique_ptr indeed stores the unique reference to an object. To begin with, unique_ptr can be constructed from any pointer. That pointer might have already been aliased, as in:
void f(unique_ptr<Foo> foo) { // destructor of foo called at the end of scope } Foo * foo = new Foo(); unique_ptr<Foo> upFoo(foo); // foo now aliases the contents of upFoo f(move(upFoo)); // explicit move foo->method(); // undefined behavior
There is also an obvious backdoor in the form of the method unique_ptr::get, which can be used to spread new aliases. This can be particularly insidious when you have to pass the result of get to a foreign function:
void f(Foo * pf) { globalFoo = pf; // creates a global alias } unique_ptr<Foo> pFoo(new Foo()); f(pFoo.get()); // leaks an alias
Finally, it’s possible to create aliases to data members of the object stored in unique_ptr, as well as assign aliased references to its data members. Consider this example:
class Foo { public: ~Foo() { delete _bar; } Bar * _bar; }; Bar * pBar = new Bar(); unique_ptr<Foo> upFoo(new Foo()); pFoo->_bar = pBar; // pBar is now an alias to a member of Foo upFoo.reset(); // deletes _bar inside foo pBar->method(); // undefined behavior
All this adds up to quite a number of ways to shoot yourself in the foot! Still, if the only problems were deterministic access violations, I could live with them (I’m a very disciplined programmer). They are reasonably easy to reproduce and can be debugged using standard methods (code coverage). But now there is a new elephant in the room–multithreading.
The beauty of unique objects is that they can be safely passed (moved) between threads and they never require locking. Indeed, since only one thread at a time can reference them, there is no danger of data races. Except when, as in the examples above, aliases are inadvertently leaked from unique_ptr. Accessing an object through such aliases from more than one thread without locking is a very nasty bug, usually very hard to reproduce.
Type system approach
Okay, so what’s the panacea? I’m glad you asked–the type system, of course! Make unique a type qualifier and all your troubles are gone. Notice that the compiler has no idea about the semantics of some library class called unique_ptr, but it can be made aware of the semantics of the unique type qualifier. What’s more, it can enforce this semantics from cradle to grave–from construction to destruction. (I know this proposal has no chance to be incorporated into C++, but it might be useful in, let’s say, the D programming language.)
You don’t construct a unique pointer from an arbitrary pointer. You just construct the object as unique (I’m still using C++-like syntax):
unique Foo * foo = new unique Foo();
Now that the compiler knows the meaning of unique, it can, for instance, detect if a unique pointer is accessed after having been moved. The compiler might prevent such an invalid pointer from being dereferenced or passed to other functions. Such bugs can be detected at compile time, rather than through access violations at runtime.
Do we need separate syntax for move? It might seem that using the assignment syntax (the equal sign) wouldn’t be so bad, as long as the compiler prevents us from dereferencing the null pointer left behind after a move. However, another problem arises when you start instantiating templates with unique pointers. Some containers and algorithms will work out of the box. Some will refuse to be instantiated because internally they try to access unique pointers after the move. But there is a third category of templates that, although move-correct, will generate unexpected results–like vectors with null unique pointers. Unfortunately, there are situations where the compiler has limited vision (i.e., it cannot do whole-program analysis) and can miss a null unique pointer dereference. For instance, it can’t prevent the use of a vector after a random element has been moved out of it.
Let’s assume that we have a special syntax for move, say := . Here’s a simple example of its use:
unique * Foo foo1 = new unique Foo(); unique * Foo foo2 := foo1; // move foo1->method(); // compile-time error: foo1 invalid after move
In C++0x, a lot of containers and algorithms have been rewritten to use the explicit move instead of the assignment. It wouldn’t be a big deal to use := instead. Notice that the compiler would not allow the use of a regular assignment on unique pointers (unless they are rvalues), so the templates that are not ready for move semantics would refuse to get instantiated with unique template parameters.
Obviously, the move operator applied to a non-unique pointer must also work, otherwise we’d have to write separate templates for unique and non-unique template arguments.
We also have to use our special notation when passing unique arguments to functions, as in:
void f(unique * Foo); unique * Foo foo = new unique Foo(); f(:= foo); // move foo->method(); // compile-time error: foo invalid after move
When returning an lvalue unique pointer (for instance a member of a data structure), we use the notation return := foo;. The move operator may be elided when returning a local unique pointer, since the source ceases to exist upon the return (in general, move is implied when the source is a unique rvalue).
The biggest strength of the type-based approach is that the compiler can reliably prevent the aliasing of unique pointers. An assignment (as opposed to move) of an (lvalue) unique pointer to either unique or non-unique pointer is impossible. Taking the address of a unique pointer is forbidden too.?). If you know the implementer of the function and he/she is willing to donate his/her kidney in case the function leaks aliases, you may risk casting away the uniqueness.
There is however a way for a function to guarantee that it’s alias-safe by declaring its parameters lent. The compiler will check the body of the function to make sure it doesn’t leak aliases to any part of the lent parameter, nor does it store non-unique (and possibly aliased) objects inside the lent object. Of course, the function can only pass the lent parameter (or any sub-part of it) to another function that makes the same guarantee.
It’s not obvious which should be the default: lent or it’s opposite, owned. If lent were the default, the compiler would be flagging a lot of valid single-threaded code (although it makes sense to assume that methods of a monitor object take lent parameters by default).
The relationship between unique and lent is very similar to that between immutable and const in D. If you declare data as unique or immutable you can safely pass it to a functions that declares its parameter as lent or const, respectively. lent guarantees that the parameter will not be aliased, const that it won’t be mutated.
Speaking of immutable–there’s always been a problem with constructing non-trivial immutable objects. The tricky part is that during construction we often need to explicitly modify the object, but we don’t want to leak non-const aliases to it or to its sub-parts. And now we have a new tool at hand to control aliasing–unique pointers. Instead of constructing an immutable object, you may construct a unique object, with all the guarantees about aliasing, and then move it to an immutable pointer. Just like this:
unique Foo * pFoo = new unique Foo(); immutable Foo * imFoo := pFoo;
(Of course, C++ doesn’t have immutable types either, but D does.)
By the way, you can always safely move a unique pointer to any of immutable, const, or regular pointers. Notice that it doesn’t mean that unique is a supertype of, for instance, immutable. You can’t pass unique where immutable is expected (you don’t want read-only aliases to escape to another thread!)–you can only move it.
A method that promises not to leak aliases to this is declared as lent. The compiler will detect any violations of this promise, as in:
class Foo { Bar * _bar; public: Bar * get() lent { return _bar; // error: a lent method returning an alias } };
In general, when you are dealing with a unique object, you may only call its lent methods.
Issues
Strict uniqueness imposes constraints on the internal structure of objects. Imagine creating a unique doubly-linked list. A link in such a list must be accessible from two places: from the previous link and from the next link. The scheme that absolutely prevents the creation of aliases to unique objects will not allow the creation of doubly-linked lists–and rightly so! Imagine moving a link out of the list: you’ll end up with a null pointer in the list, and a possible cross-thread aliasing if the (unique) link migrates to another thread.
There is a solution to this problem based on the ownership scheme (like the one used in Guava or GRFJ), which allows cross-aliasing of objects that share the same owner (e.g., all links are owned by the list). Such aliases cannot be leaked because the compiler won’t allow objects owned by a unique object to be moved. But that’s a topic for another blog post.
The use of iterators on unique containers is also highly restricted, but there are other ways of iterating that are inherently more thread-safe.
Conclusion
Any extension to the type system is usually met with some resistance from the user community. While some appreciate the added safety, others complain about added complexity. So it’s very important to be able to limit this complexity to specific areas.
When are unique and lent qualifiers really needed? In C++, at least in my experience, unique_ptr serves mostly as a poor man’s garbage collector. Since memory management permeates all C++ programs, the switch to using unique qualifiers would require a lot of changes even in single-threaded programs. In contrast, in garbage-collected languages, the main usefulness of unique is for multithreaded programming. A message queue that passes large unique objects between threads is more efficient than the one that deep-copies them. And unique objects never require locking.
As always, the introduction of new type modifiers may lead to code duplication (as in the case of const and non-const accessors). This problem can be dealt with using qualifier polymorphism–a topic for a whole new blog post.
I understand that this post might be hard to follow. That doesn’t mean that the uniqueness scheme is difficult to understand. My task was not only to explain the hows, but also the whys–and that requires giving a lot of background.
Bibliography
- Jonathan Aldrich, Valentin Kostadinov, Craig Chambers, Alias Annotations for Program Understanding. Describes unique and lent annotations in detail.
- See also my previous blog on Generic Race-Free Java.
May 21, 2009 at 3:35 pm
?).”
In other words, your “unique” proposal doesn’t actually solve this problem.
May 21, 2009 at 5:32 pm
There is no “cheap” solution, especially if you’re dealing with a lot of legacy code. There was a similar problem when const was introduced. If you have a const object, you can’t call a function that takes a regular pointer. The solution is to annotate the function parameter as “const”. With unique, the necessary annotation is “lent”.
May 22, 2009 at 12:16 am
“Now that the compiler knows the meaning of unique, it can, for instance, detect if a unique pointer is accessed after having been moved.”
This is equivalent to solving the halting problem and is thus patently false. You can only detect if a pointer has been moved at run-time.
May 22, 2009 at 1:34 am
As “anonymous” said, you cannot know in compile time whether a unique pointer will be moved or not. Consider:
if (condition) f(:= ptr); // now is ptr moved or not?
Furthermore, I felt all your examples before title “Type system approach” were biased, too. When working with pointers (and I rarely do, as I use references instead) you should always be certain, who owns what and how long can an object be pointed.
If there is a function with such side effect as changing a global pointer that should always be pointed out in the documentation and known at the caller side. That’s just another way to shoot yourself in the foot, but it’s so not because of the unique_ptr’s but because of C’s or C++’s low level in general. The following code will leak an alias as well:
void f(Foo * pf) {
globalFoo = pf; /* creates a global alias */
}
{
Foo foo;
f(&foo); // leaks an alias
}
May 22, 2009 at 4:47 am
I don’t think that code like
unique_ptr<int> p = source();
sink(move(p));
cout << *p << endl;
is an issue. As for aliases: Well, for now you have to rely on a function’s documentation w.r.t. “pointer leakage”. I agree that a type system solution would have been nice. For example, the pointer returned by unique_ptr::get could have some sort of “scoped” qualifier to prevent “reference-escaping”. For compatibility with legacy code you could cast it away with a const_cast.
On the other hand I don’t like the idea of adding more qualifiers to the type system. It’ll probably make some generic / meta programming code more complicated as more cases have to be considered (for example: see member function wrappers std::mem_fun which requires 4 cases for every const/volatile member function qualification combination). Instead you could try to enforce some coding convention w.r.t. documentation and function parameter types which minimizes those errors.
Maybe some additional type checking via C++0x attribues is viable …
May 22, 2009 at 10:19 am
pyrtsa,
You mention:
if (condition) f(:= ptr); // now is ptr moved or not?
Couldn’t the compiler generate a error similar to the warning you get (on some smarter compilers) when doing:
void g(int i);
void f(bool b) {
int a;
if (b) a = 0;
g(a); // warning: use of potentially uninitialized value
}
e.g.:
template void g(T * i);
template void h(T * i);
template void f(bool b, T unique * a) {
if (b) g(:= a);
h(:= a); // error: use of potentially moved pointer
}
template void g(T unique *);
template void h(T unique *);
template void f(bool b, T unique * a) {
if (b) g(:= a);
else h(:= a); // no error, compiler can determine only one move (g or h) will happen.
}
May 22, 2009 at 10:52 am
As I said in my post, I am disciplined enough to avoid null pointer traps in single-threaded code. So the real topic of the post is multithreaded programming and the problem of aliasing. I don’t believe C++ with its universal reliance on programmer’s discipline can deal with this problem.
BTW, the detection of possible null assignments is not undecidable if you are willing to live with a few false positives. The unique/lent scheme has been proven to work in the literature I’m citing.
May 22, 2009 at 11:02 am
What are the memory fence requirements of unique? i.e. are any needed to prevent races when an unique object moves between threads? If so, could the inter-thread passing mechanism (i.e. a Compare-and-swap, lock, etc.) take care of these issues?
bicycle shed:
I like ‘lent’ over ‘scope’. (Which was also proposed in the D programming language to do something similar) It’s shorter and doesn’t cause issues with D’s current use of the scope keyword.
I prefer ‘mobile’ from CSP/Occam to C++0X’s ‘unique’. In the context of multi-threaded programs, mobile better conveys the intend use of this type.
May 22, 2009 at 11:21 am
This is a very good question. It turns out no additional fencing is necessary. You always move objects between threads through some shared portal. That portal provides the necessary synchronization. For instance, when thread 2 picks up a unique object from the queue, it has to lock the queue. The lock “flushes” pending writes (in this case, pending moves).
May 22, 2009 at 2:15 pm
Would something like the following be syntactically valid code?
class Foo {
Bar * _bar;
public:
void set(Bar * value) {
_bar = value;
}
};
unique Foo * f = new unique Foo();
Bar * b = new Bar();
f.set(b);
channel.send(f); // sends f to a different thread
If so, how is the race between b and _bar handled?
If not, what are the rules for setting _bar? Is any compiler magic required?
i.e. _bar = value;
v.s. _bar = new Bar();
v.s. _bar = Bar.factory();
v.s. _bar := unique_value;
v.s. _bar = new unique Bar();
v.s. _bar = other_foo._bar;
Automatically making _bar ‘owned’ ala Alias Annotations for Program Understanding, is one solution, but I’m not sure it handles the last case of _bar = other_foo._bar. The other obvious solution is to automatically make _bar unique, though that is a bit restrictive. Thoughts?
May 22, 2009 at 2:26 pm
Would it be logical to have lent ref returns? i.e. Using D syntax:
class Foo {
private:
int a = 0;
public:
lent ref int bar() lent { return a; }
lent ref Foo self() lent { return this; }
}
auto f = new unique Foo();
foo.bar++;
assert(foo.bar==1);
int* p = &foo.bar; // Error: cannot take the reference of type lent ref int.
Foo g = foo.self; // Error: cannot assign type lent Foo to type Foo
May 22, 2009 at 9:42 pm
In the first example, you can’t call set on a unique object–only lent methods may be called, and they won’t allow cross-aliasing. If you really need to re-assign _bar, you have to declare get as taking unique Bar. The caller then has to use move the argument and thus loses the alias.
You are correct about returning lent.
Also, notice that you can’t pass lent to another thread since there is no way to store it inside a channel/queue. When passing unique, you have to move it:
channel.send(:=foo);
May 23, 2009 at 5:11 pm
[…] unique_ptr–How Unique is it? I’ve been using auto_ptrs before they were available in C++ (I made my own). I wrote several articles about […] […]
May 24, 2009 at 11:55!
May 24, 2009 at 12:25 pm
мне очень приятно!
May 25, 2009 at 11:40 am
the comment should not be “// pass by value”; instead, the comment should be “// takes ownership”
May 25, 2009 at 2:30 pm
This might be confusing, I admit. What I meant is that auto_ptr is passed by value rather than by reference. However, since auto_ptr overloads the copy constructor, during pass-by-value the ownership of the internal object is shifted. But since the C++ language has no notion of ownership, this is indeed pass by value.
May 26, 2009 at 1 26, 2009 at 9:57 am
[…] synchronized keyword is missing. The only unusual thing is the move operator, :=, introduced in my previous blog. It is needed in case we want to pass unique objects through MVar. You are probably asking […]
June 2, 2009 at 2:18 pm
[…] discussed unique objects in one of my previous posts. Although not strictly required in the ownership scheme, uniqueness allows for very efficient and […]
July 7, 2009 at 6:04 am
What about fortran 90 style of pointer ?
July 10, 2009 at 5:45 pm
[…] For a skeptics point of view, see what Bartosz Milewski has to say about […]
December 8, 2009 at 11:44 am
[…] Programming, Scala, Type System Leave a Comment I’ve blogged before about the C++ unique_ptr not being unique and how true uniqueness can be implemented in an ownership-based type system. But I’ve been […]
June 21, 2012 at 10:53 am
Your article was one of my first introductions to unique_ptr. It biased me toward this definition “It is a (smart) pointer that is the only reference to the object it’s pointing to. ” So I was concerned about the aliasing issues you mention, and trying to write code in such a way as to avoid that…
Since then I’ve noticed that the looser interpretation of unique_ptr actually seems to be the prevailing one, for instance on StackOverflow. That is: unique_ptr isn’t the only pointer to an object, it’s just the only *unique_ptr* to the object. (Perhaps it should be called unique_unique_ptr? :P) It transfers ownership but non-owning aliases are something expected.
Of course, people realize that a raw pointer via .get() is not as robust as shared_ptr’s “weak_ptr”. But I use shared_ptr when there really is no logical reason to try and pinpoint the moment of creation and death of an object’s lifetime…and Java-like semantics make sense. But unique_ptr is the right fit when there’s a decisive point of creation and deletion of an object, where you want to follow the hot-potato of ownership.
As time as passed, do you feel this is the right way to look at and use unique_ptr? Your ideas for why a language would have stronger analysis of aliasing are good, but should C++11 programmers accept a more practical reality?
June 21, 2012 at 11:27 am
@HostileFork: If anything I feel stronger about unique access. Passing around aliases to the contents of unique_ptr is morally equivalent to passing references to local variables, which we all agree is extremely dangerous. And where concurrency is involved, such style of programming is criminal.
September 19, 2013 at 12:42 pm
[…] unique_ptr–How Unique is it?, WordPress, 2009 […]
November 18, 2014 at 10:52 pm
[…] *pa, and, finally, you can call .get() on the smart pointer and leak the result (see for instance for possible problems). I will try to address all these issues in this article. I am not sure, as […]
November 18, 2014 at 11:05 pm
Hi Bartosz,
I read this post a long time ago, but I remembered your problem of leaking pointers to owned objects. I made a humble exercise in canning objects myself, if you cared to look at, it’s at
Regards
Łukasz | http://bartoszmilewski.com/2009/05/21/unique_ptr-how-unique-is-it/ | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | refinedweb | 4,070 | 61.36 |
In this article I will show you how to use SharpShell to quickly create Shell Property Sheet extensions. These are extensions that add extra pages to the property sheets shown for shell items such as files, network shares, folders and so on. Here's a screenshot of what we'll create in the tutorial.
Above: A screenshot of a Shell Property Sheet Extension. This sample adds a 'File Times' page that lets the file times for a file be modified.
This article is part of the series '.NET Shell Extensions', which includes:
Technically, a Shell Property Sheet extensions is a COM server that exports an object that implements the interface IShellPropSheetExt. This extension lets us do two things - add property pages to a shell property sheet, or replace them.
Now, typically working with old-fashioned APIs like this can be quite difficult when you're in the managed world. You need to do a lot of interop, you need to import functions from the Win32 APIs to create property pages, create message pumps and so on. We're going to use the SharpShell library to do all of the plumbing for us, leaving us with the much easier task of simply creating property pages and adding them to our extension class.
Now that we know what a Property Sheet Extension is, we can get started implementing one.
First, create a new C# Class Library project.
Tip: You can use Visual Basic rather than C# - in this article the source code is C# but the method for creating a Visual Basic Shell Extension is just the same.
In this example we'll call the project 'FileTimesPropertySheet'.
Now add the following references:
Rename 'Class1.cs' to 'FileTimesPropertySheet.cs'.
We now need to add a reference to the core SharpShell library. You can do that in a few different ways:
Use Nuget
If you have Nuget installed, just do a quick search for SharpShell and install it directly - or get the package details at. This is the best way - you'll always get the latest version of the library and it'll add any dependencies automatically.
Add Reference
Download the 'SharpShell Core Library' zip file at the top of the article and add a reference to the downloaded SharpShell.dll file.
Tip: The download on this article is correct at the time of writing - if you need the latest version, use Nuget (as described below) or get the library from sharpshell.codeplex.
We must have a class that derives from SharpPropertySheet - this will be the main extension class. Let's take the file we named 'FileTimesPropertySheet' and derive from SharpPropertySheet now:
public class FileTimesPropertySheet : SharpPropertySheet
Now we're going to have to create implementations of two abstract functions:
CanShowSheet
This function returns a bool. If the result is true, then the property sheet pages we create are going to be shown, otherwise we won't show them. Here's our implementation:
protected override bool CanShowSheet()
{
// We will only show the resources pages if we have ONE file selected.
return SelectedItemPaths.Count() == 1;
}
Because we're derived from SharpPropertySheet, we have a property called 'SelectedItemPaths' - this is an enumerable set of strings that store the paths selected by the user when the sheet was invoked. In our example, we're only going to show the pages if we have juts one file selected.
CreatePages
This function returns a set of SharpPropertyPage objects - these are the actual property pages we're going to add to the shell property sheet.
Here's how our implementations will look:
protected override IEnumerable<SharpPropertyPage> CreatePages()
{
// Create the property sheet page.
var page = new FileTimesPropertyPage();
// Return the pages we've created.
return new[] {page};
}
This isn't going to work until we create the 'FileTimesPropertyPage' class, we'll do that soon!
We need to define what shell objects this extension is going to be used for. This is done by decorating the extensions with the COMServerAssociation attribute. Here's how we can apply this extension will all files.
[COMServerAssociation(AssociationType.AllFiles)]
public class FileTimesPropertySheet : SharpPropertySheet
There are a number of different types of associations we can make - we can associate with files, folders, files with specific extensions and so on. There's a more complete guide here on the page COM Server Associations.
You can follow this step as many times as you need - one property sheet extension can add any number of pages.
First, add a UserControl to your class library, call it 'FileTimesPropertyPage'. Now open up the code-behind for the control and change the parent class from 'UserControl' to 'SharpPropertyPage'.
Here's the first thing we can do - set the title of the property page:
/// <summary>
/// The FileTimesPropertyPage class.
/// </summary>
public partial class FileTimesPropertyPage : SharpPropertyPage
{
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="FileTimesPropertyPage"/> class.
/// </summary>
public FileTimesPropertyPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
// Set the page title.
PageTitle = "File Times";
// Note: You can also set the icon to be used:
// PageIcon = Properties.Resources.SomeIcon;
}<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span>
We set the title of the page by setting the PageTitle property. We can also optionally set the icon for the page by setting the PageIcon property.
Now there are a bunch of virtual functions in the SharpPropertyPage that we can override if we choose to. Here I'll go through the key ones.
OnPropertyPageInitialised
This function is called when the page has been created and is about to be displayed to the user. If a property sheet is shown, but the user doesn't click on this particular page, then this function won't be called. Any initialistion should be done here. In this function, you are provided with the parent SharpPropertySheet object, which contains the selected file paths.
private string filePath;
/// <summary>
/// Called when the page is initialised.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parent">The parent property sheet.</param>
protected override void OnPropertyPageInitialised(SharpPropertySheet parent)
{
// Store the file path.
filePath = parent.SelectedItemPaths.First();
// Load the file times into the dialog.
LoadFileTimes();
}
In our example, we store the selected file path and then update the UI from the file times (through the LoadFileTimes function).
What other functions should we implement? Well, almost always, we'll want to handle 'OK' and 'Apply':
OnPropertySheetOK and OnPropertySheetApply
/// <summary>
/// Called when apply is pressed on the property sheet, or the property
/// sheet is dismissed with the OK button.
/// </summary>
protected override void OnPropertySheetApply()
{
// Save the changes.
SaveFileTimes();
}
/// <summary>
/// Called when OK is pressed on the property sheet.
/// </summary>
protected override void OnPropertySheetOK()
{
// Save the changes.
SaveFileTimes();
}
Nothing too advanced here - in this class we're just going to save any changes the user has made.
Here's a quick reference for property sheet pages.
We're going to need to do a few things now to allow our class to be created by the shell.
First, we must add the COMVisibible attribute to our class:
[ComVisible(true)]
[COMServerAssociation(AssociationType.AllFiles)]
public class FileTimesPropertySheet : SharpPropertySheet
Now we must sign the assembly. To do this, right click on the project and choose 'Properties'. Then go to 'Signing'. Choose 'Sign the Assembly', specify 'New' for the key and choose a key name. You can password project the key if you want to, but it is not required:
The Shell Extension can be debugged in the following. | http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/573392/NET-Shell-Extensions-Shell-Property-Sheets?fid=1829973&df=180&mpp=25&sort=Position&spc=Relaxed&tid=4546684 | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | refinedweb | 1,220 | 54.83 |
WCF: Connecting Web services with the System.ServiceModel
In this technical article, Wiliam Tay outlines the Windows Communication Foundation and how it helps developers build full-fledged, secure Web services.
The new System.ServiceModel namespace, which is a core component of Windows Vista, will change the way .NET developers look at building and securing services. Before developers can get going with full-fledged secure Web services, they need to know how to enable one Web service to talk to another Web service, and Microsoft's new Windows Communication Foundation, or WCF, can accomplish that.
It does not take much more than a quick sneak peek inside WCF and its design objectives to see the benefits of its architecture. One of the keys to building a successful application is to build one that endures. While this sounds simple, it is a tall task to fulfill, especially when business environments are so fluid these days. To make matters worse, there is a plethora of technical architecture out there catering best to many different scenarios.
WCF is designed with the primary objective of solving some of those problems by unifying all the Microsoft technology stacks out there, such as EnterpriseServices (COM+), System.Messaging (MSMQ), Interoperable Basic Web Services (ASMX) and the advanced WS-* stack (WSE) with a single programming model. The entire architecture of WCF revolves around the concept of a Message type, which is nothing but an abstract of a wire-level SOAP message, SOAP being a particular XML schema. All the developers know is that solutions they build with WCF will generate SOAP messages on the wire that will interoperate with application solutions from other technology and platform vendors out there.
The Architecture: Layers and Channels
To put it simply, WCF solutions are built in two layers. The bottom layer relates to the messaging infrastructure, which concerns itself with the movement of messages from one point to another. This layer is comprised of classes found within the System.ServiceModel namespace. Several extensibility points can customize the behavior of those classes. Incidentally, the second layer, which is the programming model, builds on top of these extensibility points. It consists of a second set of classes within System.ServiceModel, and they are the primary classes for WCF developers to program against when building WCF applications.
The WCF programming model was designed to achieve a few fundamental objectives. One key objective was to provide a standard interface to the interconnecting networks between the services. In other words, you do not have to do the "modify code, compile, build, test and deploy" cycle if there is a requirement to switch transports or networks, such as between a HTTP transport to a TCP one, or between a network where messages must be encrypted and one where they are not.
Another related key design objective of WCF was for applications and services built on top of it to endure. It accomplishes that by hiding constructs that may turn out to be contemporary artifacts of current Web Services specifications behind programming concepts that exposes real, useful business functionality. Thus, there is a clear abstract boundary between development of business details and the deployment of technical ones. By not mixing business logic code with the technical details, solutions appear more clean and concise and have a better chance of being more agile and therefore surviving in the fluid service-oriented environments of today and tomorrow.
These objectives are accomplished through a layering architecture as a central design principle, which in essence means that WCF is a collection of sub-frameworks that can each be extended or even replaced by developers and partners.
At the 40,000-foot view, WCF consists of two larger frameworks: The Typed layer and the Channel layer.
The fundamental unit of data for the Channel Layer is the Message. Channels are used to Send and Receive Messages. While the Message is a very flexible object, developers will require knowledge of Infosets and XML to fully utilize it. Therefore, what most developers will most likely do is depend on the Typed Layer as their best friend and interface with it to send messages across the wire. The corresponding fundamental unit of data for the Typed Layer is a Common Language Runtime class.
In the Typed Layer, you create CLR objects that implement either Services or Typed Proxies. This layer will then convert parameters and return values into Message objects and method calls into Channel calls. In this way, the Typed Layer builds on and extends the functionality of the Channel Layer, which can then transparently leverage any changes and/or improvements made to Channels. This layering architecture goes a long way in fulfilling the fundamental design objectives I mentioned above.
Let us look at some concrete code to get a better feel of this design.
Show me the Contract
WCF applications consist of services and their clients (consumers). Services define endpoints for consumers to communicate with them. Endpoints comprises of an address, a binding and a contract, which are fondly known as the A, B, Cs of WCF. Briefly, the address is the location of the service, while the binding specifies the protocols and the transports used to communicate with the service.
The contract is what the developer is primarily concerned with. The developer defines the contract, implements it and allows the service to be hosted.
There are a few types of contracts in WCF that can be grouped either under structural or behavioral contracts. Let us define an Operation Contract first:
Table 1
An operation contract defines an operation and is a unit of work for the service. It specifies, by default, a request and a reply message exchange pattern (MEP). As you can see from the code sample above, the WCF's concept of an operation contract tightly maps to a Web Services Description Language's (WSDL) definition of an operation, which in turn, corresponds roughly to a CLR method/function.
Next, we look at a simple Service Contract:
Table 2
On the same scale, the concept of a Service Contract corresponds roughly to portTypes in WSDL. It is essentially a collection of operation contracts. Incidentally, what I just did above was define a service contract via a contract-first approach. This is done by declaring a .NET interface and then decorating it with the ServiceContract attribute and then defining a class that implements this contract:
Table 3
This is in contrast to a code-first approach where one can decorate a new or existing class and its methods directly with WCF attributes directly. I would not recommend this, as it tightly binds an interfacing contract with its implementing class in the CLR without a faÇade layer.
Take note that the contract-first approach I described above is slightly different from a WSDL-first approach where you actually author a WSDL file directly instead of letting the underlying platform generate the WSDL file via attributes programming and declaration. Although I would advocate the style of a WSDL-first approach where one can assert more control over the WSDL contract and schema, especially in interoperability scenarios, in the absence of better tools and without developers having to muck around with the specifications, profiles and angle brackets directly, the WCF's definition of a contract-first approach is really a great step forward.
Next up would be to define my custom CreditCard class, which is simply a .NET CLR type:
Table 4
The DataContract is a structural contact type in WCF, which is defined by adding DataContract and DataMember attributes to your .NET classes. Both attributes are defined in the System.Runtime.Serialization namespace.
What a Data Contract declaration does is specify how a .NET type is represented in an XML Schema. To see it from another view, two different software entities can have different internal class definitions, yet agree on the same abstract representation of that data. In this case, both sides can translate the data to and from those internal representations into the same physical manifestation of the abstract representation, which can then facilitate communications and interoperability. The XML Schema is most commonly used to compose abstract representations of data to be exchanged between two entities, with XML being the physical manifestation of this abstract representation.
Once all that is set up, it is time to specify the hosting container and then hosting that service.
Read Connecting Web services with the System.ServiceModel (cont.) - Playing the perfect host.
Start the conversation | https://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/news/1148900/WCF-Connecting-Web-services-with-the-SystemServiceModel | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | refinedweb | 1,407 | 51.48 |
On Thu, 2007-03-08 at 16:32 +1300, Sam Vilain wrote:<snip>> Kirill, 06032418:36+03:> > I propose to use "namespace" naming.> > 1. This is already used in fs.> > 2. This is what IMHO suites at least OpenVZ/Eric> > 3. it has good acronym "ns".> > Right. So, now I'll also throw into the mix:> > - resource groups (I get a strange feeling of déjà vú there)<offtopic>Re: déjà vú: yes!It's like that Star Trek episode ... except we can't agree on the nameof the impossible particle we will invent which solves all our problems.</offtopic>At the risk of prolonging the agony I hate to ask: are all of thesegroupings really concerned with "resources"?> - supply chains (think supply and demand)> - accounting classesCKRM's use of the term "class" drew negative comments from Paul Jacksonand Andrew Morton about this time last year. That led to my suggestionof "Resource Groups". Unless they've changed their minds...> Do any of those sound remotely close? If not, your turn :)I'll butt in here: task groups? task sets? confuselets? ;)Cheers, -Matt Helsley-To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" inthe body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.orgMore majordomo info at read the FAQ at | https://lkml.org/lkml/2007/3/8/12 | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | refinedweb | 210 | 75.71 |
With the release of v.0.11 of IPython, there are a number of familiar
magic commands that have been made silently obsolete. I was surprised to
find the useful
store and
r commands gone, and it turns out there
are several others. Based on a comparison of the Quick Reference Cards,
I note the following:
%bg: Run a job in the background, in a separate thread.
%color_info: Toggle color_info.
%p: Just a short alias for Python's 'print'.
%r: Repeat previous input.
%rehash: Update the alias table with all entries in \$PATH.
%runlog: Run files as logs.
%store: Lightweight persistence for python variables.
%system_verbose: Set verbose printing of system calls.
%upgrade: Upgrade your IPython installation
It appears IPython's syntax is basically unchanged, but see the official "what's new" documentation. Less urgently, but since I'm on the subject, the following new commands have been added:
%gui: Enable or disable IPython GUI event loop integration.
%install_default_config: Install IPython's default config file into the .ipython dir.
%install_profiles: Install the default IPython profiles into the .ipython dir.
%load_ext: Load an IPython extension by its module name.
%loadpy: Load a .py python script into the GUI console.
%pastebin: Upload code to the 'Lodge it' paste bin, returning the URL.
%pinfo2: Provide extra detailed information about an object.
%pprint: Toggle pretty printing on/off.
%precision: Set floating point precision for pretty printing.
%pylab: Load numpy and matplotlib to work interactively.
%recall: Repeat a command, or get command to input line for editing.
%reload_ext: Reload an IPython extension by its module name.
%rerun: Re-run previous input
%reset_selective: Resets the namespace by removing names defined by the user.
%tb: Print the last traceback with the currently active exception mode.
%unload_ext: Unload an IPython extension by its module name.
%xdel: Delete a variable, trying to clear it from anywhere that | https://dpb.bitbucket.io/changes-to-the-inventory-of-ipython-magic-commands-v-0-10-to-0-11.html | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | refinedweb | 307 | 61.02 |
Name: C# class to return a list of files and folders.
Description: Pass in the base directory you want a list of files and folders for.
Time: 5 minutes
In this example you will learn how to loop through directories and files.
Step 1 – Background.
First off, there are probably many of these already out there in the public domain. However I developed mine in such a way that it is very easy to follow and understand.
The type of output that I want from this code is:
c: \hi.php
c: \foo\bar.exe
c: \foo\sheep.png
c: \thomas/tank-engine.mpg
From here on in, I assume you have created a new project.
Step 2 – Setup.
First off, we need to create a new class. To do this, click Project then Add Class. I named my class Files.cs
Now that we have our class, we need to add System.IO to our using list. We need this to use the .IO directive so we can iterate through files and folders.
We also need to add System.Collections to enable our class file to use ArrayLists (which I will explain why later).
To do this, at the top of the newly created Class file you will see code like
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;
Add the following two lines of code
using System.Collections; using System.IO;
So now you should have code like
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Text;
Step 3 – Getting down to it
Here is the juicy part, the below code is the method that gets the directory listing. The method takes in 1 parameter which is the base directory (the directory to start the directory listing).
public static string[] getFilesFromBaseDir(string baseDir) { List<string> fileResults = new List<string>(); ArrayList directories = new ArrayList(); // Add inital Directory to our ArrayList directories.Add(baseDir); // Loop while there is something in our ArrayList while (directories.Count > 0) { // Get directory from ArrayList string currentDir = directories[0].ToString(); // Remove element from ArrayList directories.RemoveAt(0); // Add all files in this directory foreach (string fileName in Directory.GetFiles(currentDir, "*.*")) { fileResults.Add(fileName); } // Add all directories in currentDir foreach (string dirName in Directory.GetDirectories(currentDir)) { directories.Add(dirName); } } return fileResults.ToArray(); }
The method first adds the parameter passed in to the ArrayList directories. Then we create a while loop which will run if directories has more than 0 elements.
We then set the string variable currentDir to the first element in the ArrayList. Then we remove the first element from the ArrayList.
Then we loop through all the files in currentDir and add them to fileResults.
Now we check if there are any directories in the directory currentDir. We add the directories to the ArrayListdirectories.
Finally we return fileResults as an array.
Step 4 – Usage
To get the files and folders of a directory you add the following code
string[] fileNames = Files.getFilesFromBaseDir("C:\\TestDirectory");
And to see it’s output you would have the following code
foreach (string fileName in fileNames) { rtbFiles.Text += fileName + Environment.NewLine; }
So there you have it, by using this example you can get a directory listing in C#
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IRC log of rdfcore on 2002-11-15
Timestamps are in UTC.
15:02:04 [RRSAgent]
RRSAgent has joined #rdfcore
15:02:04 [AaronSw]
zakim, ilrt holds dajobe jang
15:02:06 [Zakim]
Jang was already listed in ILRT, AaronSw
15:02:07 [Zakim]
+Dajobe; got it
15:02:15 [AaronSw]
zakim, ilrt also holds jang
15:02:17 [Zakim]
+Jang; got it
15:02:26 [bwm]
zakim, who is on the phone?
15:02:28 [Zakim]
On the phone I see Hp, DanBri (muted), ILRT, EMiller, AaronSw, FrankM
15:02:28 [Zakim]
Hp has Bwm, Jjc
15:02:29 [Zakim]
ILRT has Dajobe, Jang
15:02:38 [em]
em has changed the topic to: rdfcore 2002-11-15 teleconference
15:02:56 [jan_g]
jan_g has joined #rdfcore
15:03:43 [em]
zakim, who is here?
15:03:44 [Zakim]
On the phone I see Hp, DanBri (muted), ILRT, EMiller, AaronSw, FrankM
15:03:44 [Zakim]
Hp has Bwm, Jjc
15:03:45 [Zakim]
ILRT has Dajobe, Jang
15:03:47 [Zakim]
On IRC I see jan_g, RRSAgent, danbri, Zakim, AaronSw, bwm, em, logger
15:04:54 [jang_scri]
em to scribe latter half
15:05:02 [jang_scri]
next week's scribe: jang
15:05:21 [bwm]
zakim, who is on the phone?
15:05:23 [Zakim]
On the phone I see Hp, DanBri (muted), ILRT, EMiller, AaronSw, FrankM
15:05:23 [Zakim]
Hp has Bwm, Jjc
15:05:23 [AaronSw]
rdfcore doc publication hurt em's hands
15:05:23 [Zakim]
ILRT has Dajobe, Jang
15:05:25 [jang_scri]
roll call:
15:05:49 [jang_scri]
regrets:
15:06:05 [jang_scri]
miked, patrick, gk, danc
15:06:12 [jang_scri]
and reg from jos
15:06:24 [jang_scri]
3. review agenda:
15:06:48 [jang_scri]
em request regarding new additions:
15:06:59 [jang_scri]
pick up html corrections, etc from the published documents
15:07:07 [jang_scri]
AOB: em on editorial process
15:07:14 [jang_scri]
any more?
15:07:35 [jang_scri]
bwm: schedule 90 minutes. ILRT has to duck out at 3:45, jjc at 4
15:07:44 [jang_scri]
next telecon same time, same place
15:07:46 [jang_scri]
minutes of last meeting:
15:08:01 [jang_scri]
approved
15:08:07 [jang_scri]
[aaron, can you get a pointer to minutes?]
15:08:18 [jang_scri]
status of completed actions:
15:09:11 [AaronSw]
?
15:09:18 [jang_scri]
despite the excruciating embarrasment amongst brits present, we give ourselves a round of applause
15:09:20 [jang_scri]
thanks aaron
15:09:29 [jang_scri]
withdrawn actions...
15:09:34 [danbri]
'the WG notes that it dun good'
15:10:07 [jang_scri]
frankm: wants to keep the action on danbri to review schema section of primer
15:10:19 [danbri]
ack'd
15:10:41 [jang_scri]
item 9: review of these wds
15:10:49 [em]
q+
15:10:52 [jang_scri]
jjc: we need to get webont to review datatyping, mt
15:10:54 [em]
ack em
15:10:55 [DaveB]
DaveB has joined #rdfcore
15:10:57 [bwm]
ack em
15:10:58 [AaronSw]
not withdrawing 2002-11-01#5 danbri
15:11:21 [jang_scri]
em: i think it's worthwhile to announce the new round of documents
15:11:45 [jang_scri]
it's also helpful to identify individuals in targetted groups - not just targetted groups - to ask them to look at documetns
15:12:03 [AaronSw]
"So... hmm... maybe asking everybody to review everything is right for this round of drafts, supplemented by a few more targetted invitations here and there."
15:12:13 [AaronSw]
- DanC
15:12:16 [jang_scri]
so, when we say "webont", etc. I'd rather let the group know, but look for friendlies in each group who are willing to provide feedback
15:12:34 [jang_scri]
jjc: pfps!
15:12:41 [Zakim]
+??P17
15:12:45 [jang_scri]
jos arrives
15:12:48 [AaronSw]
zakim, ??P17 is josd
15:12:49 [Zakim]
+Josd; got it
15:13:13 [jang_scri]
action jjc / ping pfps to ask to review DTs and MT.
15:13:18 [jang_scri]
jjc: can someone identify what DTs is?
15:13:33 [jang_scri]
ie, "to review DTs you need to review x.a, x.b, x.c, y.z"
15:13:48 [jang_scri]
ACTION bwm / figure out which bits of docs you need to read to review DTs
15:14:34 [AaronSw]
ACTION: bwm / figure out which bits of docs you need to read to review DTs
15:14:52 [AaronSw]
ACTION: jjc / ping pfps to ask to review DTs and MT.
15:15:04 [jang_scri]
cheers, aaron, got it
15:15:20 [jang_scri]
bwm: general action on everyone to spread the news.
15:15:28 [jang_scri]
item 9... anything else?
15:15:30 [danbri]
I'll do Mozilla, RSS lists.
15:15:32 [jang_scri]
no, move on
15:15:37 [jang_scri]
item 10, namespace for XMLLiteral
15:15:46 [jang_scri]
propose to move to RDF namespace.
15:16:09 [jang_scri]
dan'c reasoning: because a parser has to treat that specially, and so rdf is independent of rdfs in this case
15:16:11 [jang_scri]
15:16:26 [jang_scri]
jjc: I'd initially put it in rdf; someone asked me to move it to rdfs, can't remember who or why
15:16:34 [jang_scri]
frankm: Literal is there
15:16:55 [jang_scri]
jjc: can't believe it's that crucial
15:17:18 [jang_scri]
putting it in rdfs seems to make as much sense as rdf; if danc feels strongly I'm prepared to give way
15:17:34 [jang_scri]
DaveB: rdf namespace, grammar, etc. consequent changes...
15:17:51 [jang_scri]
bwm: path said it would involve him in rewriting too
15:17:58 [AaronSw]
the thing is that at the moment the only namespace a parser needs to know is rdf:. a parser needs to know this
15:18:13 [jang_scri]
jjc: suggest postpone until danc back?
15:18:22 [jang_scri]
danc: we shouldn't dink with w3 recs lightly
15:18:33 [jang_scri]
we can't just keep arbitrarily shoving stuff in rdf namespace
15:18:49 [jang_scri]
DaveB: danc said this "policy" wasn't apparent to him
15:18:57 [AaronSw]
reagle?
15:19:15 [jang_scri]
not showing enough respect to namespaces.
15:19:32 [jang_scri]
jjc: namespaces are a bit of a mess; whateer we do isn't going to be tidy
15:19:44 [jang_scri]
possibly putting stuff into rdfs is cleaner
15:19:50 [jang_scri]
(can't put nodeID into rdfs)
15:19:54 [jang_scri]
DaveB: agree with last point
15:20:11 [jang_scri]
danbri: how many non-syntax things are there in rdf namespace?
15:20:24 [jang_scri]
Bag, Alt, object, etc.
15:20:56 [jang_scri]
DaveB: a parser doesn't have any special handling of XMLLiteral; it just knows to generate it
15:21:33 [jang_scri]
moving XMLLiteral into rdf ns isn't sufficiently worse than the "hurt" we've done to it already
15:21:53 [gk]
gk has joined #rdfcore
15:21:58 [jang_scri]
we're trying to balance the need to be clean and respectful of the old spec versus impact of changes, etc.
15:22:13 [jang_scri]
DaveB: nobody's ever come back to us on this...
15:22:47 [jang_scri]
danbri: as long as we don't do this lightly, I'm happy to do it
15:23:09 [jang_scri]
proposal: danc wants to move XMLLiteral to rdf namespace
15:23:17 [jang_scri]
jos, danbri propose, second it
15:23:20 [jang_scri]
nobody against
15:23:37 [jang_scri]
jjc to abstain; daveb; jang
15:24:11 [jang_scri]
DECISION: XMLLiteral goes into RDF namespace
15:24:24 [jang_scri]
item 11: doc overlap, content transfers
15:24:42 [jang_scri]
danc responded: keep the primer slim, a hacker's guide
15:24:53 [jang_scri]
bwm: sees it as a place to put discursive and explanatory commentary
15:25:07 [jang_scri]
bwm: frank, what do you think?
15:25:15 [jang_scri]
frankm: ...
15:25:28 [jang_scri]
bwm: frankm, em are the editors, which way d'you want to call it?
15:25:37 [jang_scri]
frankm: you need to keep in mind:
15:25:52 [jang_scri]
... the principle that's established needs to be established for every document
15:26:04 [jang_scri]
eg, talking about syntax: are you going to move all examples out of syntax into primer?
15:26:06 [Zakim]
-AaronSw
15:26:16 [Zakim]
+??P24
15:26:23 [Zakim]
+AaronSw
15:27:00 [jang_scri]
frank: there are lots of discussions involving either route.
15:27:10 [jang_scri]
bwm: I want to resolve as many x-doc issues as possible
15:27:34 [jang_scri]
(steve P joins as ??P24)
15:27:43 [jang_scri]
zakim, ??p24 is stevep
15:27:45 [Zakim]
+Stevep; got it
15:27:46 [em]
zakim, ??P24 is SteveP
15:27:47 [Zakim]
sorry, em, I do not recognize a party named '??P24'
15:28:01 [jang_scri]
em: on the primer...
15:28:06 [jang_scri]
few issues.
15:28:24 [jang_scri]
first: from editor's standpoint. feedback from rdf-comments obligates us to respond back on that
15:28:48 [jang_scri]
we've got several comments; xml.com's comments are one
15:28:59 [jang_scri]
"keep it short & sweet"
15:29:05 [jang_scri]
that's a worthwhile document
15:29:06 [danbri]
[[ Go Tell It On the Mountain
15:29:06 [danbri]
by Kendall Grant Clark
15:29:06 [danbri]
May 15, 2002
15:29:07 [danbri]
]]
15:29:10 [jang_scri]
... but that's not what we've got
15:29:46 [jang_scri]
so we've got an increasing number of short, sweet documents plus a big fat one that tries to make sense of it
15:29:57 [jang_scri]
if I consider how we'd do it over, I think we'd do it the same wway
15:30:15 [jang_scri]
in the fat one, "to learn this go here", we have...
15:30:28 [jang_scri]
... basically we're in line with what we started with; we're close to wrapping this up.
15:30:39 [jang_scri]
jjc: one option re: short preprimer...
15:30:48 [jang_scri]
we've done a long one - someone might write a short one?
15:31:00 [jang_scri]
em: I think people want a short, sweet primer for particular objectives.
15:31:21 [jang_scri]
I think there are several short sweet docs that might be derived from the primer depending on the objectives
15:31:53 [jang_scri]
we must recognise that producing those derived docs isn't within rdfcore's scope; we should encourage others to produce short docs as need requires them
15:32:57 [jang_scri]
bwm wraps up the discussion...
15:33:07 [jang_scri]
editors want to keep to current strategy
15:33:09 [jang_scri]
anyone disagree?
15:33:17 [jang_scri]
jjc: gk's position, I think:
15:33:46 [jang_scri]
my understanding is that gk wrote text in our document because that was where he _couold_ write it. He thinks it must appear somewhere, but is fairly neutral on where it appear
15:33:55 [jang_scri]
bwm: propose that we stick to that philosophy
15:34:01 [jang_scri]
em: one more question, to bwm:
15:34:14 [jang_scri]
at a certain level, you've got to feel comfortable on this decision
15:34:20 [jang_scri]
as series editor.
15:34:40 [jang_scri]
bwm: I support that decision. em and frankm have a challenge to look at internal structure of the primer
15:34:58 [jang_scri]
to see what might be done re: the positioning of document bits and pieces - maybe to create a fastpath
15:35:03 [jang_scri]
but we're very tight on time here
15:35:41 [jang_scri]
frankm: I've taken the new published primer, done an experiment where I move the xml and uri sections to appendices
15:35:42 [gk]
GK comments... JJC has my position about right. But I'm also concerned that the primer is becoming a potential dumping ground for anything that isn't exactly part of some normative spec. I think some of the discursive material is NOT primer material.
15:36:22 [jang_scri]
that version of the primer is about 8 pages shorter
15:36:31 [jang_scri]
thinning of xml syntax discussion...
15:36:37 [jang_scri]
bwm: did that help?
15:36:52 [jang_scri]
frankm: I didn't smoothe resulting text; I suspect it can be made to work
15:37:00 [jang_scri]
bwm: do you want to share that doucment?
15:37:06 [jang_scri]
frankm: not until I've looked at it some more.
15:37:44 [jang_scri]
bwm: document narrative structure relies on the editors
15:38:00 [jang_scri]
you can't satisfy all the critics all the time
15:38:05 [jang_scri]
take feedback into account,
15:38:07 [danbri]
[aside] I have updated RDFS re "DECISION: XMLLiteral goes into RDF namespace", see
15:38:14 [jang_scri]
but in the end, there must be a consistent, working document
15:39:12 [jang_scri]
next item: test cases
15:40:25 [jang_scri]
jang_scri: DT test cases need doing...
15:40:29 [jang_scri]
everything else is scraps.
15:41:53 [jang_scri]
ACTION: jang to get basic test cases for DTs ready by next friday
15:42:24 [jang_scri]
jos: question wrt. rec...
15:42:32 [jang_scri]
do we need several implementations ?
15:42:40 [jang_scri]
bwm: put that down as AOB
15:42:56 [jang_scri]
coming back to moving stuff.
15:43:03 [jang_scri]
moving section 2 from syntax to primer
15:43:18 [jang_scri]
DaveB: that makes some sense, but it'd have to be replaced with something that defines the same terms
15:43:31 [jang_scri]
bwm: I meant, move the examples.
15:43:58 [jang_scri]
DaveB: I've had several comments saying we need examples
15:44:03 [jang_scri]
bwm: can we use hyperlinks?
15:44:13 [jang_scri]
jjc: examples from syntax doc can be in teh primer.
15:44:40 [jang_scri]
q+
15:44:54 [jang_scri]
bwm: can you refer to appropriate material in the primer?
15:45:08 [jang_scri]
DaveB: instead of examples, ut "see examples in primer section 12"
15:45:37 [jang_scri]
bwm: frank, eric: is this stuff covered in primer already?
15:45:56 [jang_scri]
frankm: dave's presentation takes a different line to mine. He talks about striping...
15:46:00 [jang_scri]
... i start from the graph.
15:46:13 [jang_scri]
that leads to different starting points, different natural complications that come up in different orders.
15:46:30 [jang_scri]
bwm: I'm hearing that this isn't a good idea.
15:46:32 [jang_scri]
ok, that's dropped.
15:46:59 [jang_scri]
CAN THE NEXT SCRIBE please email me a ping at the end of the telecon to get the minutes out?
15:47:01 [em]
/nick em-scribe
15:47:22 [em-scribe]
ok jang_scri, i'll send a pointter to you
15:47:31 [Zakim]
-ILRT
15:48:02 [em-scribe]
moving concepts to primer
15:48:09 [em-scribe]
frank: willing to take this
15:48:36 [em-scribe]
jjc: ok
15:49:26 [gk]
moving which bit of concepts?
15:51:27 [em-scribe]
(general agreement) section 2.2 and 2.1 remain where they are
15:51:57 [em-scribe]
13 - concepts doc...
15:52:06 [em-scribe]
bwm: what needs done?
15:52:14 [em-scribe]
jjc: clarifiy informative sections
15:52:32 [em-scribe]
jjc: overlap between sections 2.? and 4
15:52:37 [DaveB]
DaveB has joined #rdfcore
15:52:49 [em-scribe]
jjc: section from charmod (some section) needs to be deleted
15:53:06 [em-scribe]
jjc: dependencies on IRI - TAG possition
15:53:27 [gk]
Charmod: 5.1,
15:53:29 [em-scribe]
jjc: if TAG makes a ruling i suggest we go along with this... until then as is
15:53:33 [em-scribe]
thanks gk
15:54:08 [em-scribe]
bwm: can we go out in 2 weeks?
15:54:16 [em-scribe]
jjc: yes
15:54:31 [em-scribe]
... on to Schema
15:54:47 [Zakim]
-AaronSw
15:54:58 [em-scribe]
bwm: danbri what needs to be done?
15:55:08 [em-scribe]
danbri: detailed cross references
15:55:25 [em-scribe]
to axioms and model theory, primer, etc.
16:00:56 [em-scribe]
q+
16:01:18 [bwm]
ack em-scribe
16:01:27 [bwm]
ack em
16:01:30 [bwm]
ack jang
16:05:57 [em-scribe]
bwm, i'm willing to work with Danbri over next couple weeks to work on this
16:06:01 [em-scribe]
this == schema
16:07:02 [em-scribe]
model theory...
16:07:10 [em-scribe]
bwm: pats not here, moving on...
16:07:15 [em-scribe]
test cases we've done
16:07:17 [em-scribe]
schedule....
16:07:20 [em-scribe]
bwm: seems tight
16:07:22 [DaveB]
s/model theory/rdf semantics/ :)
16:07:38 [em-scribe]
bwm: but i dont here things that say we're wont make it
16:11:35 [em-scribe]
bwm: all editors use current published document
16:11:48 [em-scribe]
bwm: links should be to TR doc not editors working drafts
16:12:12 [DaveB]
dated TR or undated ?
16:12:15 [em-scribe]
bwm: be consistent on linking to named versions or latest version
16:12:22 [danbri]
fwiw my editors copy was based on the TR publication
16:12:25 [em-scribe]
bwm: suggestion - use latest version
16:12:26 [danbri]
of rdfs i mean
16:12:39 [DaveB]
but refs have to cite a particular dated version - pubrules
16:12:41 [em-scribe]
bwm: if you create link, dont remove it...
16:12:54 [DaveB]
link - anchor target you mean?
16:13:33 [em-scribe]
yes DaveB
16:15:53 [em-scribe]
issue tracking....
16:16:24 [gk]
GK wonders if anyone is referencing an auto-generated ToC anchor in Concepts... of the form xtocnnnnn... maybe we should get heads together to replace these with something more meaningful?
16:17:09 [DaveB]
I am
16:17:17 [DaveB]
since that was all I had for some topics
16:17:39 [DaveB]
6 of them it seems
16:18:02 [DaveB]
sorry, 3:
16:18:04 [DaveB]
16:18:04 [DaveB]
16:18:04 [DaveB]
16:18:15 [em-scribe]
rdf primer....
16:18:30 [em-scribe]
bwm: next steps?
16:18:50 [gk]
Dave, if I leave the old anchors in place, but add new anchors on the <H?> tags, and send you new anchors, would that provide a safe upgrade path?
16:19:04 [em-scribe]
frank: starting from new published version... address comments from wg and reviewers
16:20:25 [em-scribe]
frank: re timing - thanksgiving week traveling (ends on 29th)
16:20:25 [DaveB]
gk: yes that would be fine, but why would you need to? anchors don't need to be human readable
16:20:35 [DaveB]
gk: if you do, let me know.
16:22:03 [gk]
Dave, if you think they're OK I'm not desperate to chhange... sometimes, they appear in URLs in messages, etc... now we're talking about final tidying I thought this was time to consider them.
16:22:26 [em-scribe]
frank: work next week - post then
16:22:30 [em-scribe]
issue tracking...
16:22:41 [em-scribe]
bwm: handle last call comments
16:22:48 [em-scribe]
bwm: respond to every comment
16:23:12 [em-scribe]
bwm: decentalized / centralized approaches
16:23:24 [DaveB]
did anyone gk / jjc reply to that www-rdf-comments on <rdf-wrapper> ?
16:23:56 [gk]
Dave, I didn't: assumed JJC would handle that
16:24:32 [DaveB]
you'll have to work between you so those don't get dropped if you each think the other will respond :)
16:25:39 [gk]
Yeah :) (So far, we've been pretty clear and made sure each other knows what's happening.)
16:31:12 [Zakim]
-Josd
16:31:15 [em-scribe]
action: bwm to think == code a possible solution for managing issue tracking for incorporating comments
16:31:16 [Zakim]
-Stevep
16:31:17 [Zakim]
-DanBri
16:31:21 [Zakim]
-Hp
16:33:54 [DaveB]
ended?
16:41:07 [Zakim]
-EMiller
16:41:08 [Zakim]
-FrankM
16:41:09 [Zakim]
SW_RDFCore()10:00AM has ended
16:54:57 [gk]
gk has left #rdfcore
18:15:02 [Zakim]
Zakim has left #rdfcore
18:17:06 [danbri]
danbri has left #rdfcore | http://www.w3.org/2002/11/15-rdfcore-irc | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | refinedweb | 3,412 | 65.56 |
If \(G\) is a Lie group and \(H\) is a subgroup, one often needs to know how representations of \(G\) restrict to \(H\). Irreducibles usually do not restrict to irreducibles. In some cases the restriction is regular and predictable, in other cases it is chaotic. In some cases it follows a rule that can be described combinatorially, but the combinatorial description is subtle. The description of how irreducibles decompose into irreducibles is called a branching rule.
References for this topic:
Sage can compute how a character of \(G\) restricts to \(H\). It does so not by memorizing a combinatorial rule, but by computing the character and restricting the character to a maximal torus of \(H\). What Sage has memorized (in a series of built-in encoded rules) are the various embeddings of maximal tori of maximal subgroups of \(G\). The maximal subgroups of Lie groups were determined in [Dynkin1952]. This approach to computing branching rules has a limitation: the character must fit into memory and be computable by Sage’s internal code in real time.
It is sufficient to consider the case where \(H\) is a maximal subgroup of \(G\), since if this is known then one may branch down successively through a series of subgroups, each maximal in its predecessors. A problem is therefore to understand the maximal subgroups in a Lie group, and to give branching rules for each, and a goal of this tutorial is to explain the embeddings of maximal subgroups.
Sage has a class BranchingRule for branching rules. The function branching_rule returns elements of this class. For example, the natural embedding of \(Sp(4)\) into \(SL(4)\) corresponds to the branching rule that we may create as follows:
sage: b=branching_rule("A3","C2",rule="symmetric"); b symmetric branching rule A3 => C2
The name “symmetric” of this branching rule will be explained further later, but it means that \(Sp(4)\) is the fixed subgroup of an involution of \(Sl(4)\). Here A3 and C2 are the Cartan types of the groups \(G=SL(4)\) and \(H=Sp(4)\).
Now we may see how representations of \(SL(4)\) decompose into irreducibles when they are restricted to \(Sp(4)\):
sage: A3=WeylCharacterRing("A3",style="coroots") sage: chi=A3(1,0,1); chi.degree() 15 sage: C2=WeylCharacterRing("C2",style="coroots") sage: chi.branch(C2,rule=b) C2(0,1) + C2(2,0)
Alternatively, we may pass chi to b as an argument of its branch method, which gives the same result:
sage: b.branch(chi) C2(0,1) + C2(2,0)
It is believed that the built-in branching rules of Sage are sufficient to handle all maximal subgroups and this is certainly the case when the rank if less than or equal to 8.
However, if you want to branch to a subgroup that is not maximal you may not find a built-in branching rule. We may compose branching rules to build up embeddings. For example, here are two different embeddings of \(Sp(4)\) with Cartan type C2 in \(Sp(8)\), with Cartan type C4. One embedding factors through \(Sp(4)\times Sp(4)\), while the other factors through \(SL(4)\). To check that the embeddings are not conjugate, we branch a (randomly chosen) representation. Observe that we do not have to build the intermediate Weyl character rings.
sage: C4=WeylCharacterRing("C4",style="coroots") sage: b1=branching_rule("C4","A3","levi")*branching_rule("A3","C2","symmetric"); b1 composite branching rule C4 => (levi) A3 => (symmetric) C2 sage: b2=branching_rule("C4","C2xC2","orthogonal_sum")*branching_rule("C2xC2","C2","proj1"); b2 composite branching rule C4 => (orthogonal_sum) C2xC2 => (proj1) C2 sage: C2=WeylCharacterRing("C2",style="coroots") sage: C4=WeylCharacterRing("C4",style="coroots") sage: [C4(2,0,0,1).branch(C2, rule=br) for br in [b1,b2]] [4*C2(0,0) + 7*C2(0,1) + 15*C2(2,0) + 7*C2(0,2) + 11*C2(2,1) + C2(0,3) + 6*C2(4,0) + 3*C2(2,2), 10*C2(0,0) + 40*C2(1,0) + 50*C2(0,1) + 16*C2(2,0) + 20*C2(1,1) + 4*C2(3,0) + 5*C2(2,1)]
The essence of the branching rule is a function from the weight lattice of \(G\) to the weight lattice of the subgroup \(H\), usually implemented as a function on the ambient vector spaces. Indeed, we may conjugate the embedding so that a Cartan subalgebra \(U\) of \(H\) is contained in a Cartan subalgebra \(T\) of \(G\). Since the ambient vector space of the weight lattice of \(G\) is \(\hbox{Lie}(T)^*\), we get map \(\hbox{Lie}(T)^*\to\hbox{Lie}(U)^*\), and this must be implemented as a function. For speed, the function usually just returns a list, which can be coerced into \(\hbox{Lie}(U)^*\).
sage: b = branching_rule("A3","C2","symmetric") sage: for r in RootSystem("A3").ambient_space().simple_roots(): print r, b(r) (1, -1, 0, 0) [1, -1] (0, 1, -1, 0) [0, 2] (0, 0, 1, -1) [1, -1]
We could conjugate this map by an element of the Weyl group of \(G\), and the resulting map would give the same decomposition of representations of \(G\) into irreducibles of \(H\). However it is a good idea to choose the map so that it takes dominant weights to dominant weights, and, insofar as possible, simple roots of \(G\) into simple roots of \(H\). This includes sometimes the affine root \(\alpha_0\) of \(G\), which we recall is the negative of the highest root.
The branching rule has a describe() method that shows how the roots (including the affine root) restrict. This is a useful way of understanding the embedding. You might want to try it with various branching rules of different kinds, "extended", "symmetric", "levi" etc.
sage: b.describe() 0 O-------+ | | | | O---O---O 1 2 3 A3~ root restrictions A3 => C2: O=<=O 1 2 C2 1 => 1 2 => 2 3 => 1 For more detailed information use verbose=True
The extended Dynkin diagram of \(G\) and the ordinary Dynkin diagram of \(H\) are shown for reference, and 3 => 1 means that the third simple root \(\alpha_3\) of \(G\) restricts to the first simple root of \(H\). In this example, the affine root does not restrict to a simple roots, so it is omitted from the list of restrictions. If you add the parameter verbose=true you will be shown the restriction of all simple roots and the affine root, and also the restrictions of the fundamental weights (in coroot notation).
Sage has a database of maximal subgroups for every simple Cartan type of rank \(\le 8\). You may access this with the maximal_subgroups method of the Weyl character ring:
sage: E7=WeylCharacterRing("E7",style="coroots") sage: E7.maximal_subgroups() A7:branching_rule("E7","A7","extended") E6:branching_rule("E7","E6","levi") A2:branching_rule("E7","A2","miscellaneous") A1:branching_rule("E7","A1","iii") A1:branching_rule("E7","A1","iv") A1xF4:branching_rule("E7","A1xF4","miscellaneous") G2xC3:branching_rule("E7","G2xC3","miscellaneous") A1xG2:branching_rule("E7","A1xG2","miscellaneous") A1xA1:branching_rule("E7","A1xA1","miscellaneous") A1xD6:branching_rule("E7","A1xD6","extended") A5xA2:branching_rule("E7","A5xA2","extended")
It should be understood that there are other ways of embedding \(A_2=\hbox{SL}(3)\) into the Lie group \(E_7\), but only one way as a maximal subgroup. On the other hand, there are but only one way to embed it as a maximal subgroup. The embedding will be explained below. You may obtain the branching rule as follows, and use it to determine the decomposition of irreducible representations of \(E_7\) as follows:
sage: b = E7.maximal_subgroup("A2"); b miscellaneous branching rule E7 => A2 sage: [E7,A2]=[WeylCharacterRing(x,style="coroots") for x in ["E7","A2"]] sage: E7(1,0,0,0,0,0,0).branch(A2,rule=b) A2(1,1) + A2(4,4)
This gives the same branching rule as just pasting line beginning to the right of the colon onto the command line:
sage:branching_rule("E7","A2","miscellaneous") miscellaneous branching rule E7 => A2
There are two distict embeddings of \(A_1=\hbox{SL}(2)\) into \(E_7\) as maximal subgroups, so the maximal_subgroup method will return a list of rules:
sage: WeylCharacterRing("E7").maximal_subgroup("A1") [iii branching rule E7 => A1, iv branching rule E7 => A1]
The list of maximal subgroups returned by the maximal_subgroups method for irreducible Cartan types of rank up to 8 is believed to be complete up to outer automorphisms. You may want a list that is complete up to inner automorphisms. For example, \(E_6\) has a nontrivial Dynkin diagram automorphism so it has an outer automorphism that is not inner:
sage: [E6,A2xG2]=[WeylCharacterRing(x,style="coroots") for x in ["E6","A2xG2"]] sage: b=E6.maximal_subgroup("A2xG2"); b miscellaneous branching rule E6 => A2xG2 sage: E6(1,0,0,0,0,0).branch(A2xG2,rule=b) A2xG2(0,1,1,0) + A2xG2(2,0,0,0) sage: E6(0,0,0,0,0,1).branch(A2xG2,rule=b) A2xG2(1,0,1,0) + A2xG2(0,2,0,0)
Since as we see the two 27 dimensional irreducibles (which are interchanged by the outer automorphism) have different branching, the \(A_2\times G_2\) subgroup is changed to a different one by the outer automorphism. To obtain the second branching rule, we compose the given one with this automorphism:
sage: b1=branching_rule("E6","E6","automorphic")*b; b1 composite branching rule E6 => (automorphic) E6 => (miscellaneous) A2xG2
A Levi subgroup may or may not be maximal. They are easily classified. If one starts with a Dynkin diagram for \(G\) and removes a single node, one obtains a smaller Dynkin diagram, which is the Dynkin diagram of a smaller subgroup \(H\).
For example, here is the A3 Dynkin diagram:
sage: A3 = WeylCharacterRing("A3") sage: A3.dynkin_diagram() O---O---O 1 2 3 A3
We see that we may remove the node 3 and obtain \(A_2\), or the node 2 and obtain \(A_1 \times A_1\). These correspond to the Levi subgroups \(GL(3)\) and \(GL(2) \times GL(2)\) of \(GL(4)\).
Let us construct the irreducible representations of \(GL(4)\) and branch them down to these down to \(GL(3)\) and \(GL(2) \times GL(2)\):
sage: reps = [A3(v) for v in A3.fundamental_weights()]; reps [A3(1,0,0,0), A3(1,1,0,0), A3(1,1,1,0)] sage: A2 = WeylCharacterRing("A2") sage: A1xA1 = WeylCharacterRing("A1xA1") sage: [pi.branch(A2, rule="levi") for pi in reps] [A2(0,0,0) + A2(1,0,0), A2(1,0,0) + A2(1,1,0), A2(1,1,0) + A2(1,1,1)] sage: [pi.branch(A1xA1, rule="levi") for pi in reps] [A1xA1(1,0,0,0) + A1xA1(0,0,1,0), A1xA1(1,1,0,0) + A1xA1(1,0,1,0) + A1xA1(0,0,1,1), A1xA1(1,1,1,0) + A1xA1(1,0,1,1)]
Let us redo this calculation in coroot notation. As we have explained, coroot notation does not distinguish between representations of \(GL(4)\) that have the same restriction to \(SL(4)\), so in effect we are now working with the groups \(SL(4)\) and its Levi subgroups \(SL(3)\) and \(SL(2) \times SL(2)\), which is the derived group of its Levi subgroup:
sage: A3 = WeylCharacterRing("A3", style="coroots") sage: reps = [A3(v) for v in A3.fundamental_weights()]; reps [A3(1,0,0), A3(0,1,0), A3(0,0,1)] sage: A2 = WeylCharacterRing("A2", style="coroots") sage: A1xA1 = WeylCharacterRing("A1xA1", style="coroots") sage: [pi.branch(A2, rule="levi") for pi in reps] [A2(0,0) + A2(1,0), A2(0,1) + A2(1,0), A2(0,0) + A2(0,1)] sage: [pi.branch(A1xA1, rule="levi") for pi in reps] [A1xA1(1,0) + A1xA1(0,1), 2*A1xA1(0,0) + A1xA1(1,1), A1xA1(1,0) + A1xA1(0,1)]
Now we may observe a distinction difference in branching from
versus
Consider the representation A3(0,1,0), which is the six dimensional exterior square. In the coroot notation, the restriction contained two copies of the trivial representation, 2*A1xA1(0,0). The other way, we had instead three distinct representations in the restriction, namely A1xA1(1,1,0,0) and A1xA1(0,0,1,1), that is, \(\det \otimes 1\) and \(1 \otimes \det\).
The Levi subgroup A1xA1 is actually not maximal. Indeed, we may factor the embedding:
Therfore there are branching rules A3 -> C2 and C2 -> A2, and we could accomplish the branching in two steps, thus:
sage: A3 = WeylCharacterRing("A3", style="coroots") sage: C2 = WeylCharacterRing("C2", style="coroots") sage: B2 = WeylCharacterRing("B2", style="coroots") sage: D2 = WeylCharacterRing("D2", style="coroots") sage: A1xA1 = WeylCharacterRing("A1xA1", style="coroots") sage: reps = [A3(fw) for fw in A3.fundamental_weights()] sage: [pi.branch(C2, rule="symmetric").branch(B2, rule="isomorphic"). \ branch(D2, rule="extended").branch(A1xA1, rule="isomorphic") for pi in reps] [A1xA1(1,0) + A1xA1(0,1), 2*A1xA1(0,0) + A1xA1(1,1), A1xA1(1,0) + A1xA1(0,1)]
As you can see, we’ve redone the branching rather circuitously this way, making use of the branching rules A3 -> C2 and B2 -> D2, and two accidental isomorphisms C2 = B2 and D2 = A1xA1. It is much easier to go in one step using rule="levi", but reassuring that we get the same answer!
It is also true that if we remove one node from the extended Dynkin diagram that we obtain the Dynkin diagram of a subgroup. For example:
sage: G2 = WeylCharacterRing("G2", style="coroots") sage: G2.extended_dynkin_diagram() 3 O=<=O---O 1 2 0 G2~
Observe that by removing the 1 node that we obtain an \(A_2\) Dynkin diagram. Therefore the exceptional group \(G_2\) contains a copy of \(SL(3)\). We branch the two representations of \(G_2\) corresponding to the fundamental weights to this copy of \(A_2\):
sage: G2 = WeylCharacterRing("G2", style="coroots") sage: A2 = WeylCharacterRing("A2", style="coroots") sage: [G2(f).degree() for f in G2.fundamental_weights()] [7, 14] sage: [G2(f).branch(A2, rule="extended") for f in G2.fundamental_weights()] [A2(0,0) + A2(0,1) + A2(1,0), A2(0,1) + A2(1,0) + A2(1,1)]
The two representations of \(G_2\), of degrees 7 and 14 respectively, are the action on the octonions of trace zero and the adjoint representation.
For embeddings of this type, the rank of the subgroup \(H\) is the same as the rank of \(G\). This is in contrast with embeddings of Levi type, where \(H\) has rank one less than \(G\).
The exceptional group \(G_2\) has two Levi subgroups of type \(A_1\). Neither is maximal, as we can see from the extended Dynkin diagram: the subgroups \(A_1\times A_1\) and \(A_2\) are maximal and each contains a Levi subgroup. (Actually \(A_1\times A_1\) contains a conjugate of both.) Only the Levi subgroup containing the short root is implemented as an instance of rule="levi". To obtain the other, use the rule:
sage: branching_rule("G2","A2","extended")*branching_rule("A2","A1","levi") composite branching rule G2 => (extended) A2 => (levi) A1
which branches to the \(A_1\) Levi subgroup containing a long root.
If \(G = \hbox{SO}(n)\) then \(G\) has a subgroup \(\hbox{SO}(n-1)\). Depending on whether \(n\) is even or odd, we thus have branching rules ['D',r] to ['B',r-1] or ['B',r] to ['D',r]. These are handled as follows:
sage: branching_rule("B4","D4",rule="extended") extended branching rule B4 => D4 sage: branching_rule("D4","B3",rule="symmetric") symmetric branching rule D4 => B3
If \(G = \hbox{SO}(r+s)\) then \(G\) has a subgroup \(\hbox{SO}(r) \times \hbox{SO}(s)\). This lifts to an embedding of the universal covering groups
Sometimes this embedding is of extended type, and sometimes it is not. It is of extended type unless \(r\) and \(s\) are both odd. If it is of extended type then you may use rule="extended". In any case you may use rule="orthogonal_sum". The name refer to the origin of the embedding \(SO(r) \times SO(s) \to SO(r+s)\) from the decomposition of the underlying quadratic space as a direct sum of two orthogonal subspaces.
There are four cases depending on the parity of \(r\) and \(s\). For example, if \(r = 2k\) and \(s = 2l\) we have an embedding:
['D',k] x ['D',l] --> ['D',k+l]
This is of extended type. Thus consider the embedding D4xD3 -> D7. Here is the extended Dynkin diagram:
0 O O 7 | | | | O---O---O---O---O---O 1 2 3 4 5 6
Removing the 4 vertex results in a disconnected Dynkin diagram:
0 O O 7 | | | | O---O---O O---O 1 2 3 5 6
This is D4xD3. Therefore use the “extended” branching rule:
sage: D7 = WeylCharacterRing("D7", style="coroots") sage: D4xD3 = WeylCharacterRing("D4xD3", style="coroots") sage: spin = D7(D7.fundamental_weights()[7]); spin D7(0,0,0,0,0,0,1) sage: spin.branch(D4xD3, rule="extended") D4xD3(0,0,1,0,0,1,0) + D4xD3(0,0,0,1,0,0,1)
But we could equally well use the “orthogonal_sum” rule:
sage: spin.branch(D4xD3, rule="orthogonal_sum") D4xD3(0,0,1,0,0,1,0) + D4xD3(0,0,0,1,0,0,1)
Similarly we have embeddings:
['D',k] x ['B',l] --> ['B',k+l]
These are also of extended type. For example consider the embedding of D3xB2 -> B5. Here is the B5 extended Dynkin diagram:
O 0 | | O---O---O---O=>=O 1 2 3 4 5
Removing the 3 node gives:
O 0 | O---O O=>=O 1 2 4 5
and this is the Dynkin diagram or D3xB2. For such branchings we again use either rule="extended" or rule="orthogonal_sum".
Finally, there is an embedding
['B',k] x ['B',l] --> ['D',k+l+1]
This is not of extended type, so you may not use rule="extended". You must use rule="orthogonal_sum":
sage: D5 = WeylCharacterRing("D5",style="coroots") sage: B2xB2 = WeylCharacterRing("B2xB2",style="coroots") sage: [D5(v).branch(B2xB2,rule="orthogonal_sum") for v in D5.fundamental_weights()] [B2xB2(1,0,0,0) + B2xB2(0,0,1,0), B2xB2(0,2,0,0) + B2xB2(1,0,1,0) + B2xB2(0,0,0,2), B2xB2(0,2,0,0) + B2xB2(0,2,1,0) + B2xB2(1,0,0,2) + B2xB2(0,0,0,2), B2xB2(0,1,0,1), B2xB2(0,1,0,1)]
Not all Levi subgroups are maximal. Recall that the Dynkin-diagram of a Levi subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) is obtained by removing a node from the Dynkin diagram of \(G\). Removing the same node from the extended Dynkin diagram of \(G\) results in the Dynkin diagram of a subgroup of \(G\) that is strictly larger than \(H\). However this subgroup may or may not be proper, so the Levi subgroup may or may not be maximal.
If the Levi subgroup is not maximal, the branching rule may or may not be implemented in Sage. However if it is not implemented, it may be constructed as a composition of two branching rules.
For example, prior to Sage-6.1 branching_rule("E6","A5","levi") returned a not-implemented error and the advice to branch to A5xA1. And we can see from the extended Dynkin diagram of \(E_6\) that indeed \(A_5\) is not a maximal subgroup, since removing node 2 from the extended Dynkin diagram (see below) gives A5xA1. To construct the branching rule to \(A_5\) we may proceed as follows:
sage: b = branching_rule("E6","A5xA1","extended")*branching_rule("A5xA1","A5","proj1"); b composite branching rule E6 => (extended) A5xA1 => (proj1) A5 sage: E6=WeylCharacterRing("E6",style="coroots") sage: A5=WeylCharacterRing("A5",style="coroots") sage: E6(0,1,0,0,0,0).branch(A5,rule=b) 3*A5(0,0,0,0,0) + 2*A5(0,0,1,0,0) + A5(1,0,0,0,1) sage: b.describe() O 0 | | O 2 | | O---O---O---O---O 1 3 4 5 6 E6~ root restrictions E6 => A5: O---O---O---O---O 1 2 3 4 5 A5 0 => (zero) 1 => 1 3 => 2 4 => 3 5 => 4 6 => 5 For more detailed information use verbose=True
Note that it is not necessary to construct the Weyl character ring for the intermediate group A5xA1.
This last example illustrates another common problem: how to extract one component from a reducible root system. We used the rule "proj1" to extract the first component. We could similarly use "proj2" to get the second, or more generally any combination of components:
sage: branching_rule("A2xB2xG2","A2xG2","proj13") proj13 branching rule A2xB2xG2 => A2xG2
If \(G\) admits an outer automorphism (usually of order two) then we may try to find the branching rule to the fixed subgroup \(H\). It can be arranged that this automorphism maps the maximal torus \(T\) to itself and that a maximal torus \(U\) of \(H\) is contained in \(T\).
Suppose that the Dynkin diagram of \(G\) admits an automorphism. Then \(G\) itself admits an outer automorphism. The Dynkin diagram of the group \(H\) of invariants may be obtained by “folding” the Dynkin diagram of \(G\) along the automorphism. The exception is the branching rule \(GL(2r) \to SO(2r)\).
Here are the branching rules that can be obtained using rule="symmetric".
If \(G_1\) and \(G_2\) are Lie groups, and we have representations \(\pi_1: G_1 \to GL(n)\) and \(\pi_2: G_2 \to GL(m)\) then the tensor product is a representation of \(G_1 \times G_2\). It has its image in \(GL(nm)\) but sometimes this is conjugate to a subgroup of \(SO(nm)\) or \(Sp(nm)\). In particular we have the following cases.
These branching rules are obtained using rule="tensor".
The \(k\)-th symmetric and exterior power homomorphisms map \(GL(n) \to GL \left({n+k-1 \choose k} \right)\) and \(GL \left({n \choose k} \right)\). The corresponding branching rules are not implemented but a special case is. The \(k\)-th symmetric power homomorphism \(SL(2) \to GL(k+1)\) has its image inside of \(SO(2r+1)\) if \(k = 2r\) and inside of \(Sp(2r)\) if \(k = 2r-1\). Hence there are branching rules:
['B',r] => A1 ['C',r] => A1
and these may be obtained using rule="symmetric_power".
The above branching rules are sufficient for most cases, but a few fall between the cracks. Mostly these involve maximal subgroups of fairly small rank.
The rule rule="plethysm" is a powerful rule that includes any branching rule from types \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) or \(D\) as a special case. Thus it could be used in place of the above rules and would give the same results. However, it is most useful when branching from \(G\) to a maximal subgroup \(H\) such that \(rank(H) < rank(G)-1\).
We consider a homomorphism \(H \to G\) where \(G\) is one of \(SL(r+1)\), \(SO(2r+1)\), \(Sp(2r)\) or \(SO(2r)\). The function branching_rule_from_plethysm produces the corresponding branching rule. The main ingredient is the character \(\chi\) of the representation of \(H\) that is the homomorphism to \(GL(r+1)\), \(GL(2r+1)\) or \(GL(2r)\).
Let us consider the symmetric fifth power representation of \(SL(2)\). This is implemented above by rule="symmetric_power", but suppose we want to use rule="plethysm". First we construct the homomorphism by invoking its character, to be called chi:
sage: A1 = WeylCharacterRing("A1", style="coroots") sage: chi = A1([5]) sage: chi.degree() 6 sage: chi.frobenius_schur_indicator() -1
This confirms that the character has degree 6 and is symplectic, so it corresponds to a homomorphism \(SL(2) \to Sp(6)\), and there is a corresponding branching rule C3 -> A1:
sage: A1 = WeylCharacterRing("A1", style="coroots") sage: C3 = WeylCharacterRing("C3", style="coroots") sage: chi = A1([5]) sage: sym5rule = branching_rule_from_plethysm(chi, "C3") sage: [C3(hwv).branch(A1, rule=sym5rule) for hwv in C3.fundamental_weights()] [A1(5), A1(4) + A1(8), A1(3) + A1(9)]
This is identical to the results we would obtain using rule="symmetric_power":
sage: A1 = WeylCharacterRing("A1", style="coroots") sage: C3 = WeylCharacterRing("C3", style="coroots") sage: [C3(v).branch(A1, rule="symmetric_power") for v in C3.fundamental_weights()] [A1(5), A1(4) + A1(8), A1(3) + A1(9)]
But the next example of plethysm gives a branching rule not available by other methods:
sage: G2 = WeylCharacterRing("G2", style="coroots") sage: D7 = WeylCharacterRing("D7", style="coroots") sage: ad = G2.adjoint_representation(); ad.degree() 14 sage: ad.frobenius_schur_indicator() 1 sage: for r in D7.fundamental_weights(): # long time (1.29s) ....: print D7(r).branch(G2, rule=branching_rule_from_plethysm(ad, "D7")) ....: G2(0,1) G2(0,1) + G2(3,0) G2(0,0) + G2(2,0) + G2(3,0) + G2(0,2) + G2(4,0) G2(0,1) + G2(2,0) + G2(1,1) + G2(0,2) + G2(2,1) + G2(4,0) + G2(3,1) G2(1,0) + G2(0,1) + G2(1,1) + 2*G2(3,0) + 2*G2(2,1) + G2(1,2) + G2(3,1) + G2(5,0) + G2(0,3) G2(1,1) G2(1,1)
In this example, \(ad\) is the 14-dimensional adjoint representation of the exceptional group \(G_2\). Since the Frobenius-Schur indicator is 1, the representation is orthogonal, and factors through \(SO(14)\), that is, \(D7\).
We do not actually have to create the character (or for that matter its ambient WeylCharacterRing) in order to create the branching rule:
sage: branching_rule("D4","A2.adjoint_representation()","plethysm") plethysm (along A2(1,1)) branching rule D4 => A2
The adjoint representation of any semisimple Lie group is orthogonal, so we do not need to compute the Frobenius-Schur indicator.
Use rule="miscellaneous" for the following rules. Every maximal subgroup \(H\) of an exceptional group \(G\) are either among these, or the five \(A_1\) subgroups described in the next section, or (if \(G\) and \(H\) have the same rank) is available using rule="extended".
\[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} B_3 & \to G_2, \\ E_6 & \to A_2, \\ E_6 & \to G_2, \\ F_4 & \to G_2 \times A_1, \\ E_6 & \to G_2 \times A_2, \\ E_7 & \to G_2 \times C_3, \\ E_7 & \to F_4 \times A_1, \\ E_7 & \to A_1 \times A_1, \\ E_7 & \to G_2 \times A_1, \\ E_7 & \to A_2 \\ E_8 & \to G_2 \times F_4. \\ E_8 & \to A_2 \times A_1. \\ E_8 & \to B_2 \end{aligned}\end{split}\]
The first rule corresponds to the embedding of \(G_2\) in \(\hbox{SO}(7)\) in its action on the trace zero octonions. The two branching rules from \(E_6\) to \(G_2\) or \(A_2\) are described in [Testerman1989]. We caution the reader that Theorem G.2 of that paper, proved there in positive characteristic is false over the complex numbers. On the other hand, the assumption of characteristic \(p\) is not important for Theorems G.1 and A.1, which describe the torus embeddings, hence contain enough information to compute the branching rule. There are other ways of embedding \(G_2\) or \(A_2\) into \(E_6\). These may embeddings be characterized by the condition that the two 27-dimensional representations of \(E_6\) restrict irreducibly to \(G_2\) or \(A_2\). Their images are maximal subgroups.
The remaining rules come about as follows. Let \(G\) be \(F_4\), \(E_6\), \(E_7\) or \(E_8\), and let \(H\) be \(G_2\), or else (if \(G=E_7\)) \(F_4\). We embed \(H\) into \(G\) in the most obvious way; that is, in the chain of subgroups
\[G_2\subset F_4\subset E_6 \subset E_7 \subset E_8\]
Then the centralizer of \(H\) is \(A_1\), \(A_2\), \(C_3\), \(F_4\) (if \(H=G_2\)) or \(A_1\) (if \(G=E_7\) and \(H=F_4\)). This gives us five of the cases. Regarding the branching rule \(E_6 \to G_2 \times A_2\), Rubenthaler [Rubenthaler2008] describes the embedding and applies it in an interesting way.
The embedding of \(A_1\times A_1\) into \(E_7\) is as follows. Deleting the 5 node of the \(E_7\) Dynkin diagram gives the Dynkin diagram of \(A_4\times A_2\), so this is a Levi subgroup. We embed \(\hbox{SL}(2)\) into this Levi subgroup via the representation \([4]\otimes[2]\). This embeds the first copy of \(A_1\). The other \(A_1\) is the connected centralizer. See [Seitz1991], particularly the proof of (3.12).
The embedding if \(G_2\times A_1\) into \(E_7\) is as follows. Deleting the 2 node of the \(E_7\) Dynkin diagram gives the \(A_6\) Dynkin diagram, which is the Levi subgroup \(\hbox{SL}(7)\). We embed \(G_2\) into \(\hbox{SL}(7)\) via the irreducible seven-dimensional representation of \(G_2\). The \(A_1\) is the centralizer.
The embedding if \(A_2\times A_1\) into \(E_8\) is as follows. Deleting the 2 node of the \(E_8\) Dynkin diagram gives the \(A_7\) Dynkin diagram, which is the Levi subgroup \(\hbox{SL}(8)\). We embed \(A_2\) into \(\hbox{SL}(8)\) via the irreducible eight-dimensional adjoint representation of \(\hbox{SL}(2)\). The \(A_1\) is the centralizer.
The embedding \(A_2\) into \(E_7\) is proved in [Seitz1991] (5.8). In particular, he computes the embedding of the \(\hbox{SL}(3)\) torus in the \(E_7\) torus, which is what is needed to implement the branching rule. The embedding of \(B_2\) into \(E_8\) is also constructed in [Seitz1991] (6.7). The embedding of the \(B_2\) Cartan subalgebra, needed to implement the branching rule, is easily deduced from (10) on page 111.
There are seven embeddings of \(SL(2)\) into an exceptional group as a maximal subgroup: one each for \(G_2\) and \(F_4\), two nonconjugate embeddings for \(E_7\) and three for \(E_8\) These are constructed in [Testerman1992]. Create the corresponding branching rules as follows. The names of the rules are roman numerals referring to the seven cases of Testerman’s Theorem 1:
sage: branching_rule("G2","A1","i") i branching rule G2 => A1 sage: branching_rule("F4","A1","ii") ii branching rule F4 => A1 sage: branching_rule("E7","A1","iii") iii branching rule E7 => A1 sage: branching_rule("E7","A1","iv") iv branching rule E7 => A1 sage: branching_rule("E8","A1","v") v branching rule E8 => A1 sage: branching_rule("E8","A1","vi") vi branching rule E8 => A1 sage: branching_rule("E8","A1","vii") vii branching rule E8 => A1
The embeddings are characterized by the root restrictions in their branching rules: usually a simple root of the ambient group \(G\) restricts to the unique simple root of \(A_1\), except for root \(\alpha_4\) for rules iv, vi and vii, and the root \(\alpha_6\) for root vii; this is essentially the way Testerman characterizes the embeddings, and this information may be obtained from Sage by employing the describe() method of the branching rule. Thus:
sage: branching_rule("E8","A1","vii").describe() O 2 | | O---O---O---O---O---O---O---O 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 E8~ root restrictions E8 => A1: O 1 A1 1 => 1 2 => 1 3 => 1 4 => (zero) 5 => 1 6 => (zero) 7 => 1 8 => 1 For more detailed information use verbose=True
Sage has many built-in branching rules. Indeed, at least up to rank eight (including all the exceptional groups) branching rules to all maximal subgroups are implemented as built in rules, except for a few obtainable using branching_rule_from_plethysm. This means that all the rules in [McKayPatera1981] are available in Sage.
Still in this section we are including instructions for coding a rule by hand. As we have already explained, the branching rule is a function from the weight lattice of G to the weight lattice of H, and if you supply this you can write your own branching rules.
As an example, let us consider how to implement the branching rule A3 -> C2. Here H = C2 = Sp(4) embedded as a subgroup in A3 = GL(4). The Cartan subalgebra \(\hbox{Lie}(U)\) consists of diagonal matrices with eigenvalues u1, u2, -u2, -u1. Then C2.space() is the two dimensional vector spaces consisting of the linear functionals u1 and u2 on U. On the other hand \(Lie(T) = \mathbf{R}^4\). A convenient way to see the restriction is to think of it as the adjoint of the map [u1,u2] -> [u1,u2,-u2,-u1], that is, [x0,x1,x2,x3] -> [x0-x3,x1-x2]. Hence we may encode the rule:
def brule(x): return [x[0]-x[3], x[1]-x[2]]
or simply:
brule = lambda x: [x[0]-x[3], x[1]-x[2]]
Let us check that this agrees with the built-in rule:
sage: A3 = WeylCharacterRing(['A', 3]) sage: C2 = WeylCharacterRing(['C', 2]) sage: brule = lambda x: [x[0]-x[3], x[1]-x[2]] sage: A3(1,1,0,0).branch(C2, rule=brule) C2(0,0) + C2(1,1) sage: A3(1,1,0,0).branch(C2, rule="symmetric") C2(0,0) + C2(1,1)
Although this works, it is better to make the rule into an element of the BranchingRule class, as follows.
sage: brule = BranchingRule("A3","C2",lambda x : [x[0]-x[3], x[1]-x[2]],"custom") sage: A3(1,1,0,0).branch(C2, rule=brule) C2(0,0) + C2(1,1)
The case where \(G=H\) can be treated as a special case of a branching rule. In most cases if \(G\) has a nontrivial outer automorphism, it has order two, corresponding to the symmetry of the Dynkin diagram. Such an involution exists in the cases \(A_r\), \(D_r\), \(E_6\).
So the automorphism acts on the representations of \(G\), and its effect may be computed using the branching rule code:
sage: A4 = WeylCharacterRing("A4",style="coroots") sage: A4(1,0,1,0).degree() 45 sage: A4(0,1,0,1).degree() 45 sage: A4(1,0,1,0).branch(A4,rule="automorphic") A4(0,1,0,1)
In the special case where G=D4, the Dynkin diagram has extra symmetries, and these correspond to outer automorphisms of the group. These are implemented as the "triality" branching rule:
sage: branching_rule("D4","D4","triality").describe() O 4 | | O---O---O 1 |2 3 | O 0 D4~ root restrictions D4 => D4: O 4 | | O---O---O 1 2 3 D4 1 => 3 2 => 2 3 => 4 4 => 1 For more detailed information use verbose=True
Triality his is not an automorphisms of \(SO(8)\), but of its double cover \(spin(8)\). Note that \(spin(8)\) has three representations of degree 8, namely the standard representation of \(SO(8)\) and the two eight-dimensional spin representations. These are permuted by triality:
sage: D4=WeylCharacterRing("D4",style="coroots") sage: D4(0,0,0,1).branch(D4,rule="triality") D4(1,0,0,0) sage: D4(0,0,0,1).branch(D4,rule="triality").branch(D4,rule="triality") D4(0,0,1,0) sage: D4(0,0,0,1).branch(D4,rule="triality").branch(D4,rule="triality").branch(D4,rule="triality") D4(0,0,0,1)
By contrast, rule="automorphic" simply interchanges the two spin representations, as it always does in type \(D\):
sage: D4(0,0,0,1).branch(D4,rule="automorphic") D4(0,0,1,0) sage: D4(0,0,1,0).branch(D4,rule="automorphic") D4(0,0,0,1) | http://sagemath.org/doc/thematic_tutorials/lie/branching_rules.html | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | refinedweb | 5,738 | 60.65 |
# Execution
Within the Prefect engine, there are many ways for users to affect execution.
# Triggers
Trigger functions decide if a task is ready to run, based on the states of the upstream tasks. Prefect tasks won't run unless their triggers pass.
By default, tasks have an
all_successful trigger, meaning they won't run unless all upstream tasks were successful. By changing the trigger function, you can control a task's behavior with regard to its upstream tasks. Other triggers include
all_failed,
any_successful,
any_failed,
all_finished and
manual_only. These can be used to create tasks that only run when preceding tasks fail, or run no matter what, or never run automatically at all!
Tasks will only evaluate their triggers if all upstream tasks are in
Finished states. Therefore, the
all_finished trigger is the same as an
always_run trigger.
Use a manual_only trigger to pause a flow
The
manual_only trigger always puts the task in a
Paused state, so the flow will never run a
manual_only task automatically. This allows users to pause a flow mid-run. To resume, put the task in a
Resume state and set it as one of the run's
start_tasks. This will treat is as a root task with no upstream tasks, and skip the trigger check entirely.
For example, suppose we want to construct a flow with one root task; if this task succeeds, we want to run task B. If instead it fails, we want to run task C. We can accomplish this pattern through the use of triggers:
import random from prefect.triggers import all_successful, all_failed from prefect import task, Flow @task(name="Task A") def task_a(): if random.random() > 0.5: raise ValueError("Non-deterministic error has occured.") @task(name="Task B", trigger=all_successful) def task_b(): # do something interesting pass @task(name="Task C", trigger=all_failed) def task_c(): # do something interesting pass with Flow("Trigger example") as flow: success = task_b(upstream_tasks=[task_a]) fail = task_c(upstream_tasks=[task_a]) ## note that as written, this flow will fail regardless of the path taken ## because *at least one* terminal task will fail; ## to fix this, we want to set Task B as the "reference task" for the Flow ## so that it's state uniquely determines the overall Flow state flow.set_reference_tasks([success]) flow.run()
# State signals
Prefect does its best to infer the state of a running task. If the
run() method succeeds, Prefect sets the state to
Success and records any data that was returned. If the
run() method raises an error, Prefect sets the state to
Failed with an appropriate message.
Sometimes, you may want more fine control over a task's state. For example, you may want a task to be skipped or to force a task to retry. In that case, raise the appropriate Prefect
signal. It will be intercepted and transformed into the appropriate state.
Prefect provides signals for most states, including
RETRY,
SKIP,
FAIL,
SUCCESS, and
PAUSE.
from prefect import task from prefect.engine import signals def retry_if_negative(x): if x < 0: raise signals.RETRY() else: return x
Another common use of Prefect signals is when the task in question will be nested under other functions that could trap its normal result or error. In that case, a signal could be used to "bubble up" a desired state change and bypass the normal return mechanism.
# Context
Prefect provides a powerful
Context object to share information without requiring explicit arguments on a task's
run() method.
The
Context can be accessed at any time, and Prefect will populate it with information during flow and task execution. The context object itself can be populated with any arbitrary user-defined key-value pair, which in turn can be accessed with dot notation or with dictionary-like indexing. For example, the following code assumes a user has provided the context
a=1 , and can access it one of three ways:
>>> import prefect >>> prefect.context.a 1 >>> prefect.context['a'] 1 >>> prefect.context.get('a') 1
# Adding context globally
Adding context globally is possible via your
config.toml in a section called
[context]. For any keys specified here, as long as Prefect Core does not override this key internally, it will be accessible globally from
prefect.context, even outside of a flow run.
# config.toml [context] a = 1
>>> import prefect >>> prefect.context.a 1
# Modifying context at runtime
Modifying context, even globally set context keys, at specific times is possible using a provided context manager:
>>> import prefect >>> with prefect.context(a=2): ... print(prefect.context.a) ... 2
This is often useful to run flows under different situations for rapid iterative development:
@task def try_unlock(): if prefect.context.key == 'abc': return True else: raise signals.FAIL() with Flow('Using Context') as flow: try_unlock() flow.run() # this run fails with prefect.context(key='abc'): flow.run() # this run is successful
# Prefect-supplied context
In addition to your own context keys, Prefect supplies context to the context object dynamically during flow runs and task runs. This context provides some standard information about the current flow or task. For example, running tasks already know about the day they are run from Prefect-provided context:
@task def report_start_day(): logger = prefect.context.get("logger") logger.info(prefect.context.today) with Flow('My flow') as flow: report_start_day() flow.run()
[2020-03-02 22:15:58,779] INFO - prefect.FlowRunner | Beginning Flow run for 'My flow' [2020-03-02 22:15:58,780] INFO - prefect.FlowRunner | Starting flow run. [2020-03-02 22:15:58,786] INFO - prefect.TaskRunner | Task 'report_start_time': Starting task run... [2020-03-02 22:15:58,786] INFO - prefect.Task: report_start_day | 2020-03-02 [2020-03-02 22:15:58,788] INFO - prefect.TaskRunner | Task 'report_start_time': finished task run for task with final state: 'Success' [2020-03-02 22:15:58,789] INFO - prefect.FlowRunner | Flow run SUCCESS: all reference tasks succeeded
Using this context can be useful to write time-aware tasks, such as tasks that trigger future work respective to its start time using
prefect.context.tomorrow or processing only the prior day's data by using
prefect.context.yesterday.
What else is in context?
For an exhaustive list of values that you can find in context, see the corresponding API documentation.
Caveats to modifying Prefect-supplied context
Since Prefect uses some context internally to track metadata during the flow and task run logic, modifying Prefect-supplied context keys can have unintended consequences. It is recommended to generally avoid overriding the key names described in the API documentation.
One exception to this is the timestamp related keys such as
prefect.context.today. Users may wish to modify this context per flow run in order to implement "backfills", where individual flow runs execute on a subset of timeseries data. | https://docs.prefect.io/core/concepts/execution.html | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | refinedweb | 1,120 | 56.35 |
Hi folks,
Lately I’ve been working with some data that is too copious to fit in memory, so I’ve had to write a wrapper for pyplot.hist that bins the data in chunks and then draws it like so:
pyplot.hist(x_edges, bins=100, weights=bin_contents, histtype=‘stepfilled’, facecolor=‘g’)
However, when I try to set the histogram’s y-scale to logarithmic the colors get all messed up (see attached). Any ideas? This is w/ matplotlib 0.99.0.
Thanks in advance.
–cb
Example script
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
generate some data on log-scale
x = 10**np.random.uniform(size=10000)
bin the data myself
bins, xed = np.histogram(x, bins=100, range=(0, 10))
plot the data as a weighted histo
plt.hist(np.linspace(0, 10, 100), bins=100, weights=bins, histtype=‘stepfilled’, facecolor=‘g’)
plt.yscale(‘log’)
plt.savefig(“test.png”)
plt.clf()
| https://discourse.matplotlib.org/t/1d-weighted-histogram-with-log-y-axis-not-colored-correctly/13247 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | refinedweb | 155 | 59.6 |
On Tue, Jul 12, 2011 at 3:32 PM, Jonathan Ellis <jbellis@gmail.com> wrote:
> You're going to be mad at how simple the answer turns out to be. :)
>
> Nodes "own" the range from (previous, token], NOT from [token, next).
> So, the last node will get from (50, 75] and the first will get from
> (75, 0].
>
Okay i figured it must have been some thing like that, I half expected
as much. So ... following the same example .. writing a token of
value 1
int i = Collections.binarySearch([0,25,50,75], 1);
insertion point is 1, so binary search will return (-(1) - 1) = -2
which then goes through (-2+1) * -1 = 1
so 1 is returned to ringIterator as the start token ... makes sense.
It's just weird that the documentation refers to them as initialTokens
... as if they were the starting point, kind of sets the wrong mental
precedence. Maybe i just had a different conceptual picture of how
things worked internally (shrug)
Thanks again,
Eric | http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/cassandra-user/201107.mbox/%3CCAJ2KVOq3w0hjYSqvK=ibxmcA4eUF9ck6s14p4FxWp7jNbGfRjg@mail.gmail.com%3E | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | refinedweb | 169 | 73.78 |
Based on several threads here and elsewhere I think I have almost strung together an example of plotting a Choropleth map with custom geojson. Code runs, and the color bar reflects the fact that the data ranges from 4 – 15, but there are no polygons drawn.
This link
Tips to get a right geojson dict
Says there may be an issue with the ID, I have chased that thread and not found anything obvious
import geopandas as gpd import pandas as pd import shapely.geometry from shapely.geometry import Polygon import json import plotly.graph_objects as go p1 = Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)]) p2 = Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]) p3 = Polygon([(2, 0), (3, 0), (3, 1), (2, 1)]) g = gpd.GeoSeries([p1, p2, p3]) poly_json = g.to_json() data = [[0,10],[1,4],[2,15]] df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns = ['id','color']) fig = go.Figure(data = go.Choropleth( geojson=poly_json, locations=df['id'].astype(str), z = df['color'].astype(float) )) fig.update_layout(margin={"r":0,"t":0,"l":0,"b":0}) fig.layout.template= None fig.show()
Thanks in advance. | https://community.plotly.com/t/choropleth-maps-with-custom-geojson/35756 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | refinedweb | 186 | 60.11 |
Re: Wide-eyed n00b mixer question
- From: "Wally" <atdot@xxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2008 20:16:03 -0000
Laurence Payne wrote:
By the reverb having a wet/dry control. Used as an insert the whole
signal passes through, you bleed in as much reverb as required. Used
as an insert you set 100% wet and use the Aux Return control to decide
how much effect gets used. Or you can return to a channel, allowing
fuller control.
I think I prefer the idea of using it as a send effect - although I'm mainly
looking for an overall reverb effect that I can change to give the
impression of a different place, I still like the idea of being able to
control it at the channels.
It has since occurred to me that I don't need to fiddle with the levels of
the aux sends to mimic the dry signal's pan setting. The actual pan of each
instrument is set long before the mixer, in the MIDI sequencer, so all
signals that get to the reverb will do so already panned as desired. I just
set my input channel pans hard left and right, and keep all the aux send
pairs at the same level. Aux return (from 100% wet reverb) comes into a
stereo channel, which lets me mix in the amount of reverb I want.
Just been looking at the Soundcraft M series - these have 4 stereo ins, 4
aux sends, and 4 separate stereo aux returns. It looks like the aux sends
are still mono, so I'm wondering if my concern about stereo FX send to
reverb is me being retentive in my relative ignorance of the subject - do I
really need it? The M8 looks like an interesting proposition at around 300
quid. (I know. My budget is in tatters.)
Is this still about recording that piano which you haven't learnt to
play yet? :-)
See my reply to Peter for clarification of intended uses. In addition to the
stuff about recording my own music to make it available online, and to play
in Second Life, there's always the faint possibility that I might play some
piano pieces one day. Should that ever happen, I want to be sure that the
piano sound that I get is as good as I can reasonably manage. For messing
about with piano recordings, I should be able to send the mixer's record
o/ps to the minidisk recorder - mics already plugged in and set up, I just
check the mixer settings and hit record on the minidisk.
As for the piano playing, I've got to about bar 25 of Bach's Prelude No1 in
Cmaj. :-) And my messing about is improving - I'm finding it easier to jam
a solo over a couple of slow left-hand chords. Getting a better feel for
hitting whatever intervals I'm hearing in my head. Haven't jammed much with
recorded music yet, which I suspect will sound messier than when I have
control of the accompaniment.
--
Wally
Things are always clearer in the cold, post-upload light.
.
- References:
- Wide-eyed n00b mixer question
- From: Wally
- Re: Wide-eyed n00b mixer question
- From: anahata
- Re: Wide-eyed n00b mixer question
- From: Wally
- Re: Wide-eyed n00b mixer question
- From: Peter Larsen
- Re: Wide-eyed n00b mixer question
- From: Wally
- Re: Wide-eyed n00b mixer question
- From: Laurence Payne
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- Index(es): | http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Rec/rec.audio.pro/2008-01/msg02187.html | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | refinedweb | 628 | 71.68 |
Deep CherryPy
My first experiences with Python web development was with CherryPy. I did the Hello World and that was pretty much it. It didn’t strike me as that compelling at the time so I moved on. Later I tried Rails and it made a ton of sense. At the time I also was doing some Python for school and really liked the language. When I finally got a job out of school, Python was the preference of the two and I started looking more for web frameworks like Rails. Django and TurboGears were brand spankin new and of the two I liked TurboGears the best. What struck me though was that most of TurboGears was really just extra fluff on CherryPy.
Once again, I started playing around with CherryPy. For whatever reason, I still wasn’t entirely satisfied. I ended up going with web.py for a time and enjoyed it. Then I stuck to raw WSGI. Of course, when I looked for a server I ended back on CherryPy’s.
Now, I work at a job where I work with CherryPy every day and honestly, things couldn’t be better. Every time I take a peak over the fence at other frameworks and tools it never ends up having the right balance of features to flexibility like CherryPy. I’ll often hit some bug or limitation that isn’t in CherryPy. There will be some moment where the model this framework wants to use just doesn’t really fit. It has happened every single time and now, I don’t really look very often.
I did stumbled on this framework for Ruby called Renee. What struck me was that it was essentially like my transitions between TurboGears, web.py and CherryPy. Each had a different model for how the application should be written. CherryPy gives you flexibility to do all the above.
First you start with Rails where you define routing via a central file.
This is how Django works and how Pylons (now Pyramid) used to work.
In CherryPy you can mimic that behavior with the following:
import cherrypy from my_controllers import * urls = cherrypy.dispatch.RoutesDispatcher() d.connect('main', '/', HomePage()) d.connect('blog', '/blog/:year/:month/:day/:slug', BlogPage())
This model can be really powerful but there is also a subtle disconnect at times. Often times you want to not only dispatch on the URL path, but also on the HTTP method. Web.py had a similar model where you would define your routes, and then have a class handle that request based on the method. Here is how you can do that in CherryPy:
import cherrypy from myapp import models class MyHandler(object): exposed = True def GET(self): params = {'error': cherrypy.session.last_error} cherrypy.session.last_error = None return render('myhandler.tmpl', params=params) def POST(self, **kw): '''The **kw are the submitted form arguments''' try: models.foo.update(kw) except InvalidData as e: cherrypy.session.last_error = e raise cherrypy.redirect(cherrypy.request.path_info) d = cherrypy.dispatch.MethodDispatcher() conf = {'/': {'request.dispatch': d}} cherrypy.tree.mount(MyHandler(), '/foo', conf)
This is nice, but what happens if you want to mix and match the models.
Here is an example:
import cherrypy from myapp import controllers from myapp import urls d = cherrypy.dispatch.MethodDispatcher() method_conf = {'/': {'request.dispatch': d}} routes_conf = {'/': {'request.dispatch': urls}} # routes dispatcher cherrypy.tree.mount(controllers.APIHandler(), '/api', method_conf) cherrypy.tree.mount(None, '/app', routes_conf)
In this example, I’ve mixed to models in order to use the model that works best for each scenario.
With all that said, what I’ve found is that the more specialized dispatchers often are unnecessary. The CherryPy default tree dispatch is actually really powerful and can easily be extended to support other models. I think this is the real power of CherryPy. You have a great set of defaults that allows customizing via plain old Python along side a fast and stable server.
There are obviously some drawbacks in that if you application is going to keep open many long connections, then you will use up all the available threads since CherryPy uses a traditional thread per request model. There is the slim chance you’ll run into the GIL as well if you are doing rather extreme processing for each request since it is using Python threading. With that said, these limitations are really easy to work around. You can start more than one CherryPy server and use a load balancer quite easily. For processing intensive tasks you can obviously fork off different processes/threads as needed. CherryPy even includes an excellent bus implementation that makes orchestrating processes somewhat straightforward. In fact, it is what I use for my test/dev server implementation.
CherryPy may never be the hippest web framework around, but that is OK by me. I use Python because it helps me to get things done. Other web frameworks have some definite benefits, but CherryPy always seems to help me get things done quickly using a stable foundation. If you’ve never checked it out, I encourage you to take a look. The repository just moved to BitBucket as well, so feel free to fork away and take a closer look at the internals. | http://ionrock.org/2011/10/16/deep-cherrypy.html | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | refinedweb | 868 | 66.74 |
Pool debug levels
| 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| | | | | | | | x | General debug code enabled (useful in combination with –with-efence).
| | | | | | | x | | Verbose output on stderr (report CREATE, CLEAR, DESTROY).
| | | | x | | | | | Verbose output on stderr (report PALLOC, PCALLOC).
| | | | | | x | | | Lifetime checking. On each use of a pool, check its lifetime. If the pool is out of scope, abort(). In combination with the verbose flag above, it will output LIFE in such an event prior to aborting.
| | | | | x | | | | Pool owner checking. On each use of a pool, check if the current thread is the pool's owner. If not, abort(). In combination with the verbose flag above, it will output OWNER in such an event prior to aborting. Use the debug function apr_pool_owner_set() to switch a pool's ownership.
When no debug level was specified, assume general debug mode. If level 0 was specified, debugging is switched off.
the place in the code where the particular function was called
Declaration helper macro to construct apr_foo_pool_get()s.
This standardized macro is used by opaque (APR) data types to return the apr_pool_t that is associated with the data type.
APR_POOL_DECLARE_ACCESSOR() is used in a header file to declare the accessor function. A typical usage and result would be:
APR_POOL_DECLARE_ACCESSOR(file); becomes: APR_DECLARE(apr_pool_t *) apr_file_pool_get(const apr_file_t *thefile);
Implementation helper macro to provide apr_foo_pool_get()s.
In the implementation, the APR_POOL_IMPLEMENT_ACCESSOR() is used to actually define the function. It assumes the field is named "pool".
A function that is called when allocation fails.
The fundamental pool type
Allocate a block of memory from a pool
Debug version of apr_palloc
Allocate a block of memory from a pool and set all of the memory to 0
Debug version of apr_pcalloc
Get the abort function associated with the specified pool.
Set the function to be called when an allocation failure occurs.
Find the pool's allocator
Clear all memory in the pool and run all the cleanups. This also destroys all subpools.
Debug version of apr_pool_clear.
Create a new pool.
Create a new unmanaged pool.
Create a new pool.
Debug version of apr_pool_create_core_ex.
Create a new pool.
Debug version of apr_pool_create_ex.
Create a new unmanaged pool.
Debug version of apr_pool_create_unmanaged_ex.
Destroy the pool. This takes similar action as apr_pool_clear() and then frees all the memory.
Debug version of apr_pool_destroy.
Setup all of the internal structures required to use pools
Determine if pool a is an ancestor of pool b.
Get the parent pool of the specified pool.
Tag a pool (give it a name)
Tear down all of the internal structures required to use pools
Return the data associated with the current pool.
Set the data associated with the current pool
Users of APR must take EXTREME care when choosing a key to use for their data. It is possible to accidentally overwrite data by choosing a key that another part of the program is using. Therefore it is advised that steps are taken to ensure that unique keys are used for all of the userdata objects in a particular pool (the same key in two different pools or a pool and one of its subpools is okay) at all times. Careful namespace prefixing of key names is a typical way to help ensure this uniqueness.
Set the data associated with the current pool | http://apr.apache.org/docs/apr/1.5/group__apr__pools.html | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | refinedweb | 548 | 67.76 |
I.
STM32 Nucleo connected with Ethernet shield.
DNS queries can have different strategies; the details are specified in RFC1034 and RFC1035 The only strategy that I implemented at the moment is the recursive query, where we try to delegate to the DNS server the burden of finding and contacting the authoritative servers. This is done by setting the RD flag (Recursion Desired) in the message header. Many DNS servers like Google 8.8.8.8 oblige to these requests.
The code is present on my GitHub repository, and the simplest example on how to use the
getaddrinfo function is the following:
#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <netinet/in.h> int main() { struct addrinfo *ai; struct addrinfo *ai_iter; struct addrinfo hints; const char *name; int res; hints.ai_flags = 0; hints.ai_family = AF_INET; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; hints.ai_protocol = 0; name = ""; res = getaddrinfo(name, NULL, &hints, &ai); if (res != 0) { if (res == EAI_SYSTEM) { perror("getaddrinfo"); } else { fprintf(stderr, "error: getaddrinfo: %d\n", res); } return 1; } for (ai_iter = ai; ai_iter != NULL; ai_iter = ai_iter->ai_next) { struct sockaddr_in *addr; addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)ai_iter->ai_addr; printf("%s: %s\n", ai_iter->ai_canonname, inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr)); } freeaddrinfo(ai); return 0; }
One nice thing of implementing functions as specified by POSIX is that this code now works both on my Linux desktop as well as on my Nucleo. Moreover, the implementation uses Berkeley (POSIX) sockets, so I even verified that my implementation of
getaddrinfo can be compiled for Linux, and it works in the same way.
The
gethostbyname function has been removed from POSIX.1-2008, but I implemented it anyway because libraries such as
libcurl use it.
See also the previous posts:
- Arduino Ethernet shield on STM32 Nucleo
- Work in progress: POSIX socket library for W5100
- Update on POSIX socket library for W5100: client and server for TCP or UDP
- DHCP client on STM32 Nucleo and W5100
Posted on 2015/12/13
0 | https://balau82.wordpress.com/2015/12/13/dns-client-on-stm32-nucleo-and-w5100/ | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | refinedweb | 324 | 57.27 |
How to Use Variables when Programming in C
Most, if not all, of your future C language programs will employ variables. There are basic three steps for using variables in the C language:
Declare the variable, giving it a variable type and a name.
Assign a value to the variable.
Use the variable.
All three steps are required for working with variables in your code, and these steps must be completed in that order.
To declare a variable, place a statement near the start of a function, such as the main() function in every C program. Place the declaration after the initial curly bracket. The declaration is a statement on a line by itself, ending with a semicolon:
type name;
type is the variable type.
In the preceding example, name is the variable’s name. A variable’s name must not be the name of a C language keyword or any other variable name that was previously declared. The name is case sensitive, although, traditionally, C language variable names are written in lowercase. You can also add numbers, dashes, or underscores to the variable name, but always start the name with a letter.
The equal sign is used to assign a value to a variable. The format is very specific:
variable = value;
Read this construct as, The value of variable equals value.
Here, variable is the variable’s name. It must be declared earlier in the source code. value is either an immediate value, a constant, an equation, another variable, or a value returned from a function. After the statement is executed, the variable holds the value that’s specified.
Assigning a value to a variable satisfies the second step in using a variable, but you really need to do something with the variable to make it useful. Variables can be used anywhere in your source code that a value could otherwise be specified directly.
In Working with Variables, four variable types are declared, assigned values, and used in printf() statements.
WORKING WITH VARIABLES
#include <stdio.h> int main() { char c; int i; float f; double d; c = 'a'; i = 1; f = 19.0; d = 20000.009; printf("%c\n",c); printf("%d\n",i); printf("%f\n",f); printf("%f\n",d); return(0); }
Exercise 1: Type the source code for Working with Variables into the editor. Build and run.
The output looks something like this:
a 1 19.000000 20000.009000
In Line 10, the single character value a is placed into char variable a. Single characters are expressed using single quotes in C.
In Line 15, you see the %c placeholder used in the printf() statement. That placeholder is designed for single characters.
Exercise 2: Replace Lines 15 through 18 with a single printf() statement:
printf("%c\n%d\n%f\n%f\n",c,i,f,d);
Build and run the code.
The printf() formatting string can contain as many conversion characters as needed, but only as long as you specify the proper quantity and type of variables for those placeholders, and in the proper order. The variables appear after the formatting string, each separated by a comma, as just shown.
Exercise 3: Edit Line 12 so that the value assigned to the f variable is 19.8 and not 19.0. Build and run the code.
Did you see the value 19.799999 displayed for variable f? Would you say that the value is imprecise?
Exactly!
The float variable type is single precision: The computer can accurately store only eight digits of the value. The internal representation of 19.8 is really the value 19.799999 because a single-precision (float) value is accurate only to the eighth digit. For mathematical purposes, 19.799999 is effectively 19.8; you can direct the code to display that value by using the %.1f placeholder.
Exercise 4: Create a project named ex0605. In the source code, declare an integer variable blorf and assign it the value 22. Have a printf() statement display the variable’s value. Have a second printf() statement display that value plus 16. Then have a third printf() statement that displays the value of blorf multiplied by itself.
Here’s the output from the sample program solution:
The value of blorf is 22. The value of blorf plus 16 is 38. The value of blorf times itself is 484.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the source code for Exercise 4. Use the constant value GLORKUS instead of the blorf variable to represent the value 16.
A variable name must always begin with a letter, but you can also start the name with an underscore, which the compiler believes to be a letter. Generally speaking, variable names that begin with underscores are used internally in the C language. Avoid that naming convention for now.
It isn't a requirement that all variables be declared at the start of a function. Some programmers declare variables on the line before they’re first used. This strategy works, but it’s nonstandard. Most programmers expect to find all variable declarations at the start of the function. | http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-use-variables-when-programming-in-c.html | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | refinedweb | 845 | 67.25 |
Parent Directory
|
Revision Log
This commit is brought to you by the number 4934 and the tool "meld". Merge of partially complete split world code from branch.
whitespace only changes.
all of paso now lives in its own namespace.
paso: starting to polish
"Some" SystemMatrix clean up.....
SystemMatrixPattern shptr
Coupler/Connector shared ptrs.
Removed some obsolete checkPtr's. More to come...
paso::Coupler and paso::Connector.
paso::SystemMatrixPattern
I changed some files. Updated copyright notices, added GeoComp.
Bringing the changes from doubleplusgood branch. Can't merge directly because svn doesn't transfer changes to renamed files (mutter grumble).
Spelling fixes
all MEMALLOCs removed from PASO. further restructuring required
Initial all c++ build. But ... there are now reinterpret_cast<>'s
Some simple experiments for c++ Finley
Round 1 of copyright fixes
First pass of updating copyright notices
don't call MPI withing parallel regions
Transport solver supports now constraints (except the linear CN)
Had to remove 'nowait' directive from PDE boundary conditions since all 4 (2D) / 8 (3D) values are updated the way it is implemented. This caused race conditions when updating RHS.
new implementation of FCT solver with some modifications to the python interface
This form allows you to request diffs between any two revisions of this file. For each of the two "sides" of the diff, enter a numeric revision. | https://svn.geocomp.uq.edu.au/escript/trunk/paso/src/FluxLimiter.cpp?view=log&sortby=log&pathrev=5148 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | refinedweb | 220 | 60.21 |
H (named aitch /ˈeɪtʃ/ or haitch /ˈheɪtʃ/ in Ireland and parts of Australasia; plural aitches or haitches)
Haitch is an HTTP Client written in Swift for iOS and Mac OS X.
Features
- Full featured, but none of the bloat
- Easy to understand, Builder-based architecture
Request/
Responseinjection allowing for "plug-in" functionality
- Extensible
Responseinterface so you can design for whatever specific response your app requires
Swift version
Haitch
0.7+ and
development require swift 2.2+. If you’re using a version of swift < 2.2, you should use Haitch version
0.6.
Installation
CocoaPods
Add the following line to your
Podfile:
pod 'Haitch', '~> 0.8'
Then run
pod update or
pod install (if starting from scratch).
Carthage
Add the following line to your
Cartfile:
github "goposse/haitch" ~> 0.8
Run
carthage update and then follow the installation instructions here.
The basics
Making a request is easy
let httpClient: HttpClient = HttpClient() let req: Request = Request.Builder() .url(url: "", params: params) .method("GET") .build() httpClient.execute(req) { (response: Response?, error: NSError?) -> Void in // deal with the response data (NSData) or error (NSError) }
JSON
Getting back JSON is simple
client.execute(request: req, responseKind: JsonResponse.self) { (response, error) -> Void in if let jsonResponse: JsonResponse = response as? JsonResponse { print(jsonResponse.json) // .json == AnyObject? } }
Custom Responses
If you use SwiftyJSON you could create a custom Response class to convert the
Response data to the
JSON data type. It’s very easy to do so.
import Foundation import SwiftyJSON public class SwiftyJsonResponse: Response { private (set) public var json: JSON? private (set) public var jsonError: AnyObject? public convenience required init(response: Response) { self.init(request: response.request, data: response.data, statusCode: response.statusCode, error: response.error) } public override init(request: Request, data: NSData?, statusCode: Int, error: NSError?) { super.init(request: request, data: data, statusCode: statusCode, error: error) self.populateJSONWithResponseData(data) } private func populateJSONWithResponseData(data: NSData?) { if data != nil { var jsonError: NSError? = nil let json: JSON = JSON(data: data!, options: .AllowFragments, error: &jsonError) self.jsonError = jsonError self.json = json } } }
Why is there no
sharedClient (or some such)?
Because it’s about your needs and not what we choose for you. You should both understand AND be in control of your network stack. If you feel strongly about it, subclass
HttpClient and add it yourself. Simple.
Why should I use this?
It’s up to you. There are other fantastic frameworks out there but, in our experience, we only need a small subset of the things they do. The goal of Haitch was to allow you to write modular, reusable notworking logic that matches your specific requirements. Not to deal with the possiblity of "what if?".
Haitch is sponsored, owned and maintained by Posse Productions LLC. Follow us on Twitter @goposse. Feel free to reach out with suggestions, ideas or to say hey.
Security
If you believe you have identified a serious security vulnerability or issue with Haitch, please report it as soon as possible to [email protected] Please refrain from posting it to the public issue tracker so that we have a chance to address it and notify everyone accordingly.
License
Haitch is released under a modified MIT license. See LICENSE for details.
Latest podspec
{ "name": "Haitch", "version": "0.8", "license": "Posse", "summary": "Simple HTTP for Swift", "homepage": "", "social_media_url": "", "authors": { "Posse Productions LLC": "[email protected]" }, "source": { "git": "", "tag": "0.8" }, "platforms": { "ios": "8.0", "osx": "10.9" }, "source_files": "Source/**/*.swift", "requires_arc": true }
Thu, 28 Jul 2016 09:16:04 +0000 | https://tryexcept.com/articles/cocoapod/haitch | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | refinedweb | 573 | 52.76 |
User:Whiteknight/Book Designer Gadget
Enter the title of the new book to create in the textbox. Click Show and enter the pages used by the new book, in order, one per line. Click Design to design your new book.
How To Install[edit | edit source]
This script is a Gadget. You can install this script by going to Special:Preferences, going to the "Gadgets" tab, and checking the box labeled Whiteknight's Book Creator.
Once you save your javascript, you may need to clear your cache, typically by pressing + , or some other key combination, depending on your browser.
About This Gadget[edit | edit source]
This gadget helps in the initial stages of designing a book. You type in the title of the book and you list the pages that will appear in the book's TOC. When you click "Design", the gadget will automatically create the wikitext code for your new book TOC.
Specifying Pages[edit | edit source]
To list the pages that are going to be in your new book, click the "Show" button to display the page list window. List the pages that you want to be in your book, one per line. At any time you may press the "Hide" button to hide the page list window, but preserve it's contents. Pressing the "Clear" button will completely remove all pages listed in the window.
Grouping Pages into Sections[edit | edit source]
To create a section sub-heading in your TOC, type an equal sign (=), followed by the title of the section. For instance, typing the following code:
A =B C D =E
Will produce the following result:
[[My Book/A|A]] === B === [[My Book/C|C]] [[My Book/D|D]] === E ===
Specifying a Preface[edit | edit source]
To provide a preface for your new book, click "Show" to display the page list edit window. Once the window is open, type a percent sign(%), followed by the text of the preface. Each line specified in this manner will be separated in the preface by two newlines, making it a new paragraph.
Adding Templates[edit | edit source]
Standard templates can be added using the "+" syntax. Prerequisite templates can be added using "&".
Adding Subjects[edit | edit source]
You can automatically add your book to certain subjects using "-".
Designing the Book[edit | edit source]
When you have specified the book name, the page list, and the preface, you may click the "Design" button. The design process generated the wikitext necessary to produce your new book, but does not automatically save it nor display it.
To view the text, along with a series of notes about how to implement it, click the "Display" button. This will show the generated wikitext on the left, and show helpful notes on the right.
To create the new book, click the "Edit" button. This will display a standard edit window where the generated wikitext is already loaded. Modify the text as necessary, and click "Save page". This will create your new book. Note: If you have the categorization extension installed, in the edit window there will appear a drop-down box for categorization. Select the appropriate subject from the drop-down box and click "Categorize" to apply the necessary templates to your book. Once these templates have been properly added, click "Save page" as usual.
[edit | edit source]
The Book Designer Gadget can also be used to design a page-header template, for use on every page in the book. A page header template helps to standardize the "look and feel" of all the pages in the book, along with providing navigation links, and placing book pages into the appropriate categories. The gadget uses pre-made header template from Whiteknight's Book Foundry. There are several options, and the documentation for all templates is available on the respective template pages.
Once you have entered a valid book name and clicked the "Design" button, you are given the option to design a template. Select the appropriate template from the drop-down list, and click the "Template" button. This will display the text of the template, along with some helpful tips. You cannot directly edit or save the template text using the Book Designer Gadget.
Once you have created the template, make sure you include it at the top of every page in your new book, including the TOC.
Saving an Outline[edit | edit source]
If you are working on an outline, you can save it and continue working on it later. Enter a valid title in the book title box, click Show to show the list box, and click Save. This will display an edit window that will enable you to save your outline into a subpage of your user namespace. For instance, if you are User:JoeUser, and you enter a title "My Book", the outline will be saved at "User:JoeUser/My Book".
When you save an outline, the outline is time-stamped and appended to the bottom of the page. This means that you can save multiple versions of the outline to a single page, and select later which one to use.
You can load an outline from another wiki page, such as an outline that has been saved previously by the Book Designer Gadget, or another outline that was created manually. To load an existing outline, click Show to display the list box. Enter the name of the page into the input box in the lower-left corner, and click Load. This will load the complete current wikitext of that page into the list box.
If the page you are loading has multiple saved outlines on it, you will need to delete any outlines that you are not planning to use.
To help remove excess formatting, click the Strip button. This will remove some, but not all formatting from the page. You may still need to remove some formatting manually.
Leaving Comments[edit | edit source]
You can leave comments in your outline using two forward slashes:
//this is a comment.
Text in a comment will not appear in your book or in your navigational template. However, comments will be included if you save your outline. This can be useful for making notes to yourself for when you come back to finish the outline.
To Do[edit | edit source]
This version of the gadget is no longer under active development. A new version is being created at User:Whiteknight/Visual Book Designer.
Version History[edit | edit source]
- 2.20 Added rudimentary support for sub-pages and tree-like visualizations. In the future, the entire interface will be based on this visualization interface.
- 2.14 Small upgrades to save functionality.
- 2.13 Updated to core 2.45, more efficient edit window handling.
- 2.12 Improved IE support.
- 2.11 Updated for partial IE support. AJAX routines generally do not work.
- 2.10 Added Tags and Prerequisite tags options, subject options.
- 2.01 Added experimental "Automate" function. uses AJAX page edits to automatically create necessary pages and templates. At the moment, Only I can use this function.
- 2.00 Complete rewrite using new gadgetscore 2.0
- 1.85 Removed "List" button, updated categorization templates, added new book template.
- 1.82 Added labels for text fields
- 1.81 Added // comments.
- 1.80 Added ability to save an outline using "Save".
- 1.76 Added links to /Introduction, /Resources, and /Licensing in template.
- 1.75 Fixed XML translation thing
- 1.74 minor change to template categorization
- 1.73 Updated categorization mechanisms
- 1.72 updated to include gadgetscore framework
- 1.71 Added "Edit Template" button, slight refactor of template mechanism
- 1.70 Major changes. Refactor of several parts. Added "Strip" and "Load" buttons. Added "loading..." status messages for Ajax functions. added error messages on functions requiring bookname. fixed title caps to omit short words.
- 1.62 Forced book title to title caps, fixed issue with global variables, added links to "/Resources" and "/Licensing"
- 1.61 Added ability to specify sub-headings in the TOC using the "=" symbol
- 1.60 rearranged the interface, expanded "template" to show a list of possible templates
- 1.51 Added ability to specify preface in the page list, added documentation
- 1.50 refactored several parts, corrected errors, added "List" button.
- 1.21 Added conditional support for the categorize.js script
- 1.20 Added more descriptive status message for "Design" button, added automatic edit summary for "Edit"
- 1.11 Added an instructive status message to the Template function
- 1.10 Added rudimentary ability to design a page list navigational template with the "Template" button
- 1.00 First stable version, added edit box functionality.
- 0.23 Disabled "display" button when no text is available.
- 0.22 Fixed issues with trailing whitespace
- 0.21 Removed links from display, created "pages to create" sidebar, fixed some functionality
- 0.20 Some functional changes, code refactoring, addition of links in display text.
- 0.10 First test version uploaded | https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Whiteknight/Book_Designer_Gadget | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | refinedweb | 1,478 | 66.54 |
6403/src/code
Modified Files:
Tag: lutex-branch
target-thread.lisp
Log Message:
0.9.10.46.lutex-branch.18
* align stack to 16-bytes in arrange_return_to_lisp_function and skip padding
in post_signal_tramp
* updated bugs list and added debugging info for current blockers
* lots of debugging FSHOWs (many of these can go away once things work)
* restore buildability by adding missing #endif and #include "threads.h"
in x86-darwin-os.c
Index: target-thread.lisp
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/sbcl/sbcl/src/code/target-thread.lisp,v
retrieving revision 1.55.4.4
retrieving revision 1.55.4.5
diff -u -d -r1.55.4.4 -r1.55.4.5
--- target-thread.lisp 26 Mar 2006 18:51:32 -0000 1.55.4.4
+++ target-thread.lisp 29 Mar 2006 07:43:22 -0000 1.55.4.5
@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@
value if NIL. If WAIT-P is non-NIL and the mutex is in use, sleep
until it is available"
(declare (type mutex mutex) (optimize (speed 3)))
+ (/show0 "Entering GET-MUTEX")
(unless new-value
(setq new-value *current-thread*))
#!-sb-thread
@@ -231,9 +232,6 @@
(force-output *debug-io*))
(loop
(unless
- ;; CLH: is the intent of this to overwrite the lutex or the
- ;; value slot when +sb-lutex? try to fix by reordering the slots in
- ;; thread.lisp:mutex
(setf old (sb!vm::%instance-set-conditional mutex 2 nil new-value))
(return t))
(unless wait-p (return nil))
@@ -342,11 +340,7 @@
#!+sb-lutex (ignorable n))
(/show0 "Entering CONDITION-NOTIFY")
#!+sb-thread
- (let ((me *current-thread*))
- #!+sb-lutex (declare (ignorable me))
- ;; FIXME We can probably do away with the ignore by moving the let
- ;; inside the #!-sb-lutex block!
- ;;
+ (progn
;; no problem if >1 thread notifies during the comment in
;; condition-wait: as long as the value in queue-data isn't the
;; waiting thread's id, it matters not what it is
@@ -356,10 +350,11 @@
(with-pinned-objects (queue (waitqueue-lutex queue))
(futex-wake (sb!vm::%lutex-semaphore (waitqueue-lutex queue))))
#!-sb-lutex
- (progn
- (setf (waitqueue-data queue) me)
- (with-pinned-objects (queue)
- (futex-wake (waitqueue-data-address queue) n)))))
+ (let ((me *current-thread*))
+ (progn
+ (setf (waitqueue-data queue) me)
+ (with-pinned-objects (queue)
+ (futex-wake (waitqueue-data-address queue) n))))))
(defun condition-broadcast (queue)
#!+sb-doc
I agree to receive quotes, newsletters and other information from sourceforge.net and its partners regarding IT services and products. I understand that I can withdraw my consent at any time. Please refer to our Privacy Policy or Contact Us for more details | https://sourceforge.net/p/sbcl/mailman/message/13292454/ | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | refinedweb | 422 | 51.44 |
#include <wx/object.h>
This class stores meta-information about classes.
Instances of this class are not generally defined directly by an application, but indirectly through use of macros such as wxDECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS and wxIMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS.
Constructs a wxClassInfo object.
The supplied macros implicitly construct objects of this class, so there is no need to create such objects explicitly in an application.
Creates an object of the appropriate kind.
Finds the wxClassInfo object for a class with the given name.
Returns the name of the first base class (NULL if none).
Returns the name of the second base class (NULL if none).
Returns the string form of the class name.
Returns the size of the class.
Returns true if this class info can create objects of the associated class.
Returns true if this class is a kind of (inherits from) the given class. | http://docs.wxwidgets.org/3.0.3/classwx_class_info.html | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | refinedweb | 141 | 59.8 |
Dear readers, presenting you one another Python programming online test to brush up your skills. This Python quiz is primarily designed to test your Python coding skills. We’ve tried to cover many Python programming areas in this quick online test like Python functions, strings, loops, and exceptions. The quality and the correctness is made sure for all the questions and answers. Almost all the questions will give you a set of Python code. You will diligently execute them and choose the right answer. This sort of Python programming online test is very useful for those readers who’ve recently started with Python and have read a lot of online Python tutorials. But they haven’t practiced it enough to crack a job interview or to present themselves a strong candidate in the existing job role.
It is important to mention that we’ve given our best efforts to make this Python programming online test as effective as it could be. And all the programming questions are chosen after due diligence ensuring quality and competitiveness. Next, if you are just beginning with Python and running through this test. Then, it is likely that you need a Python terminal to predict the output of the code fragment appended with the questions. Here, we recommend you to go through the list of 7 best Python interpreters freely available.
Python Programming Online Test for Job Seekers.?
var1 = lambda var: var * 2 ret = lambda var: var * 3 result = 2 result = var1(result) result = ret(result) result = var1(result) print(result)Correct
Incorrect
2. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the Python code fragment given below?
var1 = 4.5 var2 = 2 print(var1//var2)Correct
Incorrect
3. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the below Python code snippet?
ints = set([1,1,2,3,3,3,4]) print(len(ints))Correct
Incorrect
4. Question10 points
Determine the output of the below Python code fragment?
var1 = True var2 = False var3 = False if var1 or var2 and var3: print("True") else: print("False")Correct
Incorrect
5. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the instructions mentioned below?
def test1(param): return str(param) def test2(param): return str(2 * param) result = test1(1) + test2(2) print(result)Correct
Incorrect
6. Question10 points
Which of the following for loops would yield the below number pattern?
Note: Python 2.7
11111 22222 33333 44444 55555Correct
Incorrect
7. Question10 points
Which of the following statements would create an instance of Ubuntu class correctly?
class Ubuntu: def __init__(self, ramsize): self.ram = ramsize self.type = 'server'Correct
Incorrect
8. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the below Python code?
def test1(param): return param def test2(param): return param * 2 def test3(param): return param + 3 result = test1(test2(test3(1))) print(result)Correct
Incorrect
9. Question10 points
Which of the following correctly describes the output of the below Python code?
testArr = [11, 22, 33, 22, 11] result = testArr[0] for iter in testArr: if iter > result: result = iter print(result)Correct
Incorrect
10. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the lines of code specified below?
x = 1 print(++++x)Correct
Incorrect
11. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the below Python code?
def test(): try: return 1 finally: return 2 result = test() print(result)Correct
Incorrect
Note – The “finally” block is executed even there is a return statement in the try block.
12. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the below Python code?
def myfunc(): try: print('Monday') finally: print('Tuesday') myfunc()Correct
Incorrect
Note – No error occurs in the try block so ‘Monday’ is printed. Then the finally block is executed and ‘Tuesday’ is printed.
13. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the below Python code?
try: if '1' != 1: raise "firstError" else: print("firstError has not occured") except "firstError": print("firstError has occured")Correct
Incorrect
Note – Exceptions must be old-style classes or derived from BaseException. There is no such inheritance here.
14. Question10 points
Which of the following is the correct output of the call to below line of code?
print(list("hello"))Correct
Incorrect
15. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the code given below?
mylist=['abc','cde','abcde','efg'] print(max(mylist))Correct
Incorrect
16. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the instructions given below?
mylist=[1, 5, 9, int('0')] print(sum(mylist))Correct
Incorrect
17. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the below Python code?
[Note: Python 2.7.5 and above]
mylist=['a', 'aa', 'aaa', 'b', 'bb', 'bbb'] print(mylist[int(-1/2)])Correct
Incorrect
18. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the below Python code?
mylist=['a', 'aa', 'aaa', 'b', 'bb', 'bbb'] print(mylist[:-1])Correct
Incorrect
19. Question10 points
Which of the following is the output of the below piece of code?
import random print(random.seed(3))Correct
Incorrect
Note – The function random.seed() always returns a None.
20. Question10 points
Which of the following statements best describes the behavior of the random.shuffle(mylist) as being used in the below code fragment?
import random mylist = [10, 20, 30] random.shuffle(mylist) print(mylist)Correct
Incorrect
Note: You can see all the answers at the end of this quiz. To learn more about Python programming, please refer the on-line Python documentation.
We expect that the above Python quiz would be useful for all software developers and testers who may be using different Python versions. Next, we sincerely wish that you had a great time attempting the Python programming online test. Subsequently, we suggest you not just stop after the quiz instead check out some other great quizzes and tutorial on Java/Python/Selenium and related programming articles on our blog. Some of them are listed below which you can read and go for an interview with full preparation.
We firmly believe in sharing knowledge and listening to our readers; we request them to leave their feedbacks and questions in the comment space below and tell us what they think. To make the most of this Python quiz, we’ve some interesting Python programming facts to share with our readers.
5 Python Programming Facts.
1. Unlike C, C++, and Java, there is no semicolon in Python.
2. Python has interesting for loop implementation.
The else part is executed after the for loop, but only if the loop terminates normally not after the break statement.
3. There are no ++ and — operators in Python.
4. Python has an operator ** for the exponent. For example, below program prints 125.
5. There is a new operator “//” in Python, and it is called floor division. This operator produces floor of a division.
In the end, we leave you with some magical words from Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of widely used C++ programming language.
“There are only two kinds of programming languages, those people always bitch about and those nobody uses.”
Lastly, if you liked the post, then please share it across.
Best,
TechBeamers.
Thank you for this. I need practice for my employment technical exam. Hope to see more of this.
Seems that the code indentation issue is resolved once for ever.
Yes, it is fixed.
Just added a new code highlighter plugin to organize code snippets.
It seems working.
Thanks.
Hi – This online python programming test is really wonderful. Though I scored 160/200 but I enjoyed the whole quiz. Thanks to the author for producing such fresh and scintillating content.
You did quite well S. Reddy and next time you would do better. All the best.
Hi, some questions don’t have proper indentation. Python code should not work without it.
Hello Sotsir – All the code snippets are validated using Python shell. But, if you tested a code fragment through a shell and found it as not working, then please mention it here. We’ll get it fixed promptly.
for example:
try:
if ‘1’ != 1:
raise “firstError”
else:
print(“firstError has not occured”)
except “firstError”:
print (“firstError has occured”)
raises “IndentationError: expected an indented block” (tested with Python2.7.9, 3.4.3, ipython3.2.1)
Thanks Julian for reporting this. But it is strange that the issue was something related to the caching on the server-side. Just after clearing the cache, the quiz displayed the questions with correct indentation. Though I made a few other adjustments like the one in a question related to for loop and at some places added parenthesis while calling print. Next, I’ll keep an eye on the indentation issue because I believe that it didn’t exist earlier. And if you re-attempt the quiz, please refresh your browser couple of times to fetch the fresh quiz content.
Nice test!
I would improve some questions requiring for the output of the code, especially for lists of strings.
E.g.:
if lst = [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’]
the output is [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’]
but the solution is [a, b, c] .
To me it’s confusing, two of my mistakes were because of that 🙂
Thanks MD, you noticed a very valid point. If you print a list then it outputs as [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’], though the value of list remains like you mentioned. I’ll surely get a check on the related questions.
Which of the following is the output of the below Python code?
mylist=[‘a’, ‘aa’, ‘aaa’, ‘b’, ‘bb’, ‘bbb’]
mylist[int(-1/2)]
The correct result is ‘bbb’ and not ‘a’
because int(-1/2) equals -1
Please, check the value of int(-1/2), it is 0. Hence, mylist[int(-1/2)] or mylist[0] would return element ‘a’ not ‘bbb’.
Man, strangely in my venv python 2.7.5 it return -1.
But I tested it in version 3.5 now and actually returns ZERO.
I’m sorry sir!
Hello Kaio – Your observation is alright. One more informed reader (cdric) already reported the same in his comment. I’ll get a note appended to the question for this behavior.
It depends 😉
In python 2.7 int(-1/2) will result in -1
In python3 int(-1/2) will result in 0
Thanks Cdric, you are perfectly right. Your comment will help other readers as well to understand the difference between Python 2.7 and Python 3.x. | http://www.techbeamers.com/best-python-programming-online-test/ | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | refinedweb | 1,741 | 67.35 |
Wofford College - Study Abroad tag:typepad.com,2003:weblog-1396085 2009-06-20T22:59:57-04:00 TypePad Wildlife Aplenty on the West Coast tag:typepad.com,2003:post-68324461 2009-06-20T22:59:57-04:00 2009-06-20T22:59:57-04:00 Greetings! We've been having exams, and thus far I have taken 3 of my 4 (the last one is tomorrow!) and so I did some travelling in the in between time of my exams. For the past 8 days I... Study Abroad <div xmlns=""><p>Greetings! <font size="2">We've been having exams, and thus far I have taken 3 of my 4 (the last one is tomorrow!) and so I did some travelling in the in between time of my exams. For the past 8 days I have been in Western Australia- beginning in Perth and driving up the coast to Coral Bay, which is a small city right on the Indian Ocean just below Exmouth. It is also the gateway to the southern portion of the Ningaloo Coral Reef, which is the largest fringing coral reef system in the world... oh and home to many of australia's whale sharks.. but we'll get to that later.<br> <br> We arrived in Perth late last week, and spent the night in a hostel. We explored the city- there is a nice river that runs through perth and there are plenty of shops and cafes, but all in all I was unimmpressed with Perth as a city. I know its home to legends like Hugh Jackman and Heath Ledger, but from the parts I saw I was quite glad that I had not spent a semester there. We picked up our home on wheels, a campervan (who we fondly named Bertha), the next morning and began the week of driving (in total we drove over 3200 km this week..thats just over 32 hours of driving in a week). The first day we went to the small coast port of Fremantle, which is just below perth located right on the Indian Ocean. They have some world renowned markets in Fremantle, where we browsed and enjoyed the adorable town. It was full of character- lots of neat bars and tea rooms--very quaint. We then began our trek to the Pinnacles.<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="WestOz 023" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157136b752970b " src=""></img></a> <br>me pretending to be a pinnacle...haha<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="WestOz 011" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157136ba52970b " src=""></img></a> <br>Pinnacles in Namburg Nat'l Park- there are soo many! look into the distance!<br> <br> The Pinnacles are a natural wonder- no one is quite sure how they formed but it is believed to be remains of a fossilized forest that were buried in sand dunes over time. Anyway, they are these thousands of natural rock formations that spread for ages. They come in all shapes and sizes and colors, ranging from some knee high to some twice my height. They came in reds, yellows, and browns, and set against the blue sky and the yellow sand it made for a very pretty picture. It was awesome to walk through them and to see just how many there were! amazing! Also within Namburg Nat'l park we stopped at Hangover Bay and several scenic lookouts which offered us our first real taste of the Indian ocean beaches- the water is a stunning electric blue and the sand is beautiful powder white. We enjoyed seeing the coast set against the red rock of the australian soil-- such contrast was beautiful! It should also be noted that Perth is the only substantial sizable city on the west coast- with 2 billion people, and so the entirety of our trip after that first night was spent in small towns in the back of our van :) The stargazing was incredible though- so bright and clear away from the city lights. you can even see the milky way galaxy and plenty of meteorites every night.<br> <br> The next day we drove up to Hamelin Pool, home of the stromatolites. Stromatolites are colonies of cyanobacteria that were responsible for giving our atmospherre the oxygen it has today. These have been studied by geologists and are estimated to be 3.5 BILLION years old, making them the oldest fossils in the world. Not to mention, being bacteria they are still alive so they are the oldest living fossils in the world. They only occur in Australia. They aren't much to look at, just some rock formations in what appears to be tidal pools of the ocean, but the history and science of them is fascinating and soo cool to understanding the history of life on our planet. <br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="WestOz 078" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157136be06970b " src=""></img></a> <br>Stromatolites at Hamelin Pool<br><br></font><font size="2">From there we drove to Dehanm, a coastal town on Shark Bay, Australia's world heritage listed marine park of the west coast. It is home to the largest sea grass meadows in the world and as a result is rampant in sharks, fish, and dugongs (australian version of a manatee). We also stopped at a famous beach known as Shell Beach, which consists of literally millions of small white cockle shells. Scientists do not know why there is such a plentiful amount of these shells at this one beach, but the shell layer is about 30 feet deep, and the white tinkling shells set against the blue of the Indian is a breathaking sight. Plus, it was unlike any beach I had ever been to. Denham itself was an adorable town with plenty of beaches, and we enjoyed spending our afternoon watching the sunset there.<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="WestOz 104" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e20115704198eb970c " src=""></img></a> <br>Shell Beach<br><br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="WestOz 105" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570419bea970c " src=""></img></a> <br>Shells that covered the entire beach!<br></font><font size="2"> <br> Continuing northward, we hit Monkey Mia... a small beach town on Shark Bay where a pod of dolphins routintely visits. Upon stopping in the morning, we were greeting by about 5 or 6 endo-pacific bottlenose dolphins. The dolphins have grown accustomed to humans, as the park rangers feed them occasionally. (they aren't fed to the point of gaining dependency on humans, however). The water is so clear we got some amazing views of these graceful creatures, and some of them had recently calved as well so we got to see baby porpoises as well :) I have always had a soft spot for dolphins. From monkey mia we drove many long hours up to Coral Bay, which is a small town right on the Ningaloo Reef.<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="WestOz 138" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157136c75c970b " src=""></img></a> <br>Dolphins at Monkey Mia<br><br> <br> We took a tour the following day which took us to snorkel on the Ningaloo Reef and to swim with Whale Sharks! the world's largest fish/shark. The reef was beautiful, the coral not as diverse as the Great Barrier but still plenty of fish life, sea urchins, starfish, and other echinoderms. The water is so clear, and being a fringe reef the reef is much closer to shore. You could swim to parts of the reef from shore and reach the outer reef in a short 20 minute boat ride. I really enjoyed snorkelling, but I always do. Next they took us much further out to sea, about 10 km off or so and we waited to hear of a whale shark siting. The company uses planes to spot the whale sharks, they are such large animals you can spot them from the air. Whale sharks can reach up to 16 meters- which is well over 50 feet. They are HUGE beasties. The one we swam with was only about 8 meters, or 35 feet (which is still GINORMOUS!). It was such a cool experience, the shark is quite inquisitive and very gentle. You can just swim near it and marvel at its size. The sharks are also quite pretty- they are a brown color with white spots and they are filter feeders on plankton, so not dangerous at all to humans. It was without a doubt the most humbling and most amazing experience of the week, and quite possibly one of my favorite memories of Australia and all time. SO COOL! They don't mind the humans at all.<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="WestOz 225" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157136c962970b " src=""></img></a> <br>Ningaloo Reef- stunning water color and clarity<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="WestOz 190" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157041a43f970c " src=""></img></a> <br>Whale Shark!<br> <br> Also on the boat that day we were lucky enough to see sea snakes and a pod of humpback whales- again amazing creatures who are huge and also so intelligent and graceful in the water. It was my first experience seeing whales, so I was also quite excited about it from that perspective too.<br> <br> On our last day we stopped in Kalbarri, another coastal town. We visited some of its famous beaches, notably Jacques Beach, and also visited a Parrot sanctuary where we were able to view many of australia's tropical and colorful avian life. Within Kalbarri national park there are also some increcible river gorges which we hiked to, amazing red striated rock formations set against the green river water was so picturesque. It reminded me a lot of the grand canyon. Just driving around wildlife was rampant as well-- we saw so many emus, kangaroos, and parrots.. as well as some of the smaller australian marsupials. All in all it was a busy but wonderful week.<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="WestOz 269" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157136d108970b " src=""></img></a> <br>Me at Jacques Beach in Kalbarri<br> <br> it is time for me to leave this wonderful place and return home to wonderful people. I get home around 11 pm on the evening of June 23-- so expect to hear from me soon!<> Back in the USA tag:typepad.com,2003:post-67422179 2009-05-29T16:09:32-04:00 2009-05-29T16:09:32-04:00 So, this is my last blog, but I thought it would be interesting to comment after being back in the US for a week or so. Being back has been nice, but I do miss certain things about living in... Study Abroad <div xmlns=""><p>So, this is my last blog, but I thought it would be interesting to comment after being back in the US for a week or so. Being back has been nice, but I do miss certain things about living in Italy. Coming back has been weird, but I've adjusted fine. I didn't have bad jet lag, and I didn't really feel any sort of culture shock. I know it's been said that sometimes you don't feel it initially, and it comes later, so we'll see if that happens or not. I did get a chance to go to Wofford graduation, which was certainly more shocking than being back in the States. I saw so many people I knew, and it was weird to get back to something that I haven't been around in a semester. All the little sundresses and people dressed with pearls or bow ties was certainly a change from European fashion. It was kind of overwhelming to see so many people I knew all at the same time, but it was wonderful as well. I think going abroad made me more appreciative of Wofford, and I was definitely glad to see all the people I missed.</p><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570b043af970b " src="" title="A"></img></a> <br>Me and Stevie with Piera<br><br><div style="text-align: left;">Since I've been back though, I've been eating the foods I've missed and doing things that I've wanted to do. I've driven a lot, as well as worked out a fair amount at the gym, which has been great. I've eaten Mexican and Chinese, and I've gotten sushi and icees, two fun things I missed while being gone. I've also tried to catch up with people that I didn't really get to talk to all semester, which has kept me busy, especially since people are hard to get hold of. Overall, I'm just enjoying being back and taking things easy.<br><br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156fbafa56970c " src=""></img></a> <br>Beginner Italian Class at Farewell Dinner<br><br><div style="text-align: left;">I miss being able to hop on a train or plane and go somewhere with thousands of years of history. I miss being able to travel to all these important and famous places that I've heard about all my life. I also miss the people in my program. We all got along so well because everyone's sense of humor was different, and everyone brought something unique to the table. I miss sitting on the piazza eating a slice of pizza as big as my head or gelato with nutella and strawberries. The Italian lifestyle was also something I got used to and miss now because it was laid back and less trying to do as much as possible as quickly as possible. There is still an intensity about living and a passion for life, but they know how to enjoy things, seemingly more than Americans who approach life at a fast pace all the time and don't allow down time to enjoy the little things.<br><br><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570b0505f970b " src=""></img></a> <br></div></div>Homestays<br><br><div style="text-align: left;">Overall, it's good to be home, but I really hope that I get a chance to go back to Europe in general, and specifically Siena to revisit where I lived for 4 months. Sometimes I feel like it was a dream, like it didn't really happen. For the most part, I don't even feel like I lived in a foreign country for 4 months. It's such an unreal experience I think, and while you're in the middle of it, you don't really see what you're learning, at least about yourself. I've gotten a chance to reflect a little bit, but I think that it will take a while for me to fully disover what I've learned. I know that my time has definitely made me more confident in myself, and I also feel more self sufficient. My problem solving skills have improved, and I've learned how to better roll with the punches and figure out a new solution if something doesn't go my way.<br></div><br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156fbb0610970c " src=""></img></a> <br>More Farewewell Dinner<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570b05185970b " src=""></img></a> <br><br><br><div style="text-align: left;">Italy was an incredible experience, and I would highly recommend the IES Siena program to anyone who was interested. While you're there:<br><br>1. sit in the Campo and people watch...a lot<br>2. eat a lot of gelato and try as many flavors as you can<br>3. go to Nanninis - one of the best places for sweets and good coffee<br>4. get the pizza on the corner of the piazza<br>5. get lost in Siena by just wandering the streets<br>6. speak as much Italian as possible & make friends with store owners and all the everyday people you meet<br>7. if you don't speak a lot of Italian, living in an apartment or with a family might be best<br>8. pack light<br>9. get a hostel card - it will save you money<br>10. girls, bring your toilettries (shampoo/conditioner)<br>11. travel a lot but spend some weekends in the city where you live<br>12. enjoy every minute you're there!!<br></div><br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570b05203970b " src=""></img></a> <br></div><div style="text-align: center;">Staff<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570b05247970b " src=""></img></a> <br></div><p>Ciao!<> New Zealand tag:typepad.com,2003:post-67356391 2009-05-28T01:53:28-04:00 2009-05-28T01:53:28-04:00 I just returned from a whirlwind tour of the South Island of New Zealand. I flew into Christchurch with my best friend from high school, Monica only to find that New Zealand is currently experiencing its earliest and coldest winter... Study Abroad <div xmlns=""><p><font size="2"> I just returned from a whirlwind tour of the South Island of New Zealand. I flew into Christchurch with my best friend from high school, Monica only to find that New Zealand is currently experiencing its earliest and coldest winter in about the last 10 years. We were expecting weather in the upper 40s and got weather in the lower 30's , with lows into the teens at night. While we had some warm clothing, we dressed in layers and the same clothing practically all week.<br> <br> After the 4 hour flight, It took forever to get through customs and border control, and to check out our rental car. We had a cute little rental car, a baby toyota hatchback in navy blue that saw a lot of miles. Anyway, after we finally checked in we got to our hostel and then had an amazing italian dinner and some great red wine that night (including a white chocolate raspberry dessert pizza OMG so good).<br> <br> Then next morning we woke up early and began the 6 hour drive to Queenstown, the adventure capital of the world. Skydiving and bungee jumping are abundant there, but neither of us felt the desire to do that so instead we went hiking and horseback riding. Queenstown is also a site of where much of the filming of Lord of the Rings and Chronicles of Narnia took place. Along the way we stopped at 2 glacier lakes, Lake Tekapo and Lake Pukaki both of which are gorgeous. Blue turquoise clear cold water set against the dramatic southern alps-- so pretty. All the while when we were driving around New Zealand we felt as though we were driving right through Middle Earth in LOTR- rolling green hills, snow capped mountains, and plenty of sheep and alpacas as well ;) We drove through Lindis Pass, a mountain range on the way to Queenstown, and had steady snowfall for at least 35 minutes, the entire countryside was filled with white powder. We got anxious and started thinking about putting our chains on our tires (which would have been funny considering we're both from SC and neither of us in our lives have used snow chains, but we got them and learned how to use them nonetheless).<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="New zealand 017" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156fb6864b970c image-full " src="" title="New zealand 017"></img></a> <br> Lake Tekapo in New Zealand<br><br> Anyway, we didn't need them b/c the snow passed and we arrived in Queenstown that Evening. Our hostel was located next to another Glacier Lake, Lake Watikapo, and was gorgeous. From our bedroom window we had a great view of the snowy mountains and blue water (such a great sight to wake up to!) We did some horseback riding the next day, which took us to Glenorchy where we went into the New Zealand Beach forest (very mossy and green), and up the mountain to get a great view of the river system where many LOTR scenes and Narnia scenes were shot. It was freezing, but so worth it! The following day we toured some wineries, notably the Gibbston Valley winery, which won best wine of the year in the pinot noir category in 2000. It is the oldest vineyard in New Zealand, and it also had a cheesery attatched so needless to say we enjoyed ourselves. Queenstown is located in the Central Otega wine region, so there are many many wineries and they are all well known for their Pinot Noir. (apparently the weather conditions are ideal for that type of grape).<br><br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="Mon-NZ 015" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156fb68bc7970c image-full " src="" title="Mon-NZ 015"></img></a> <br> Lake Watikapo and the Southern Alps in Glenorchy<br><br> Anyhow, after that we headed back to Christchurch (having to take a detour becuase of road closings due to snowfall!!) and had some more time to hang out in christchurch. We went out a little bit, and saw the Christchurch cathedral. The following day we did a Lord of the Rings Tour, where they took us to Edoras to Mt. Sunday and Mt. Pots where the city of Rohan (from Two Towers and Return of the King) was built. They had some fun replicas of the movie weapons, and monica and I had a great time sword fighting... We also watched lots of interviews and commentaries and learned fun facts and myths about the movies and how they were made. a very geeky, but entertaining day.<a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="New zealand 079" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156fb6932e970c image-full " src="" title="New zealand 079"></img></a> <br> On our LOTR horesback tour, this river system they filmed scenes from the Fellowship of the Ring and Prince Caspian.<br><br> <> Where Amazing Happened tag:typepad.com,2003:post-67304875 2009-05-26T23:53:28-04:00 2009-06-11T11:13:06-04:00 Keeping it real on one of my last days I’ve been home for a little over a week and people have been constantly asking me how my semester abroad was and I keep responding with the same answer, “Amazing”. Whenever... Study Abroad <div xmlns=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="S1603470034_30294857_4183691[1]" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156fb37719970c " src="" title="S1603470034_30294857_4183691[1]" /></a> Keeping it real on one of my last days</font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">I’ve been home for a little over a week and people have been constantly asking me how my semester abroad was and I keep responding with the same answer, “Amazing”. Whenever I give this response I feel like I am downplaying my semester. “Amazing” is a blasé, bland response, it feels like one of those corny NBA commercials with the slogan “The NBA: Where Amazing Happens”. Amazing did not happen to me while I was abroad, something that transcends amazing happened.<">People who study abroad will tell you that it was a life-changing experience, that it was the best experience of their lives and they would trade anything to do it again; and they are right. They do not know how to properly explain it because studying abroad is a complicated experience where you lose yourself in the immersion of a new, foreign lifestyle. < in <st1:city w:<st1:place w: <p>Nantes</p></st1:place></st1:city>and being thrown into a foreign culture with a foreign language, I learned how to adapt in order to find comfort in the foreign. Studying abroad throws you into strange circumstances. You find yourself living in a completely foreign land, speaking a completely foreign language, and living with completely foreign people. In order to survive mentally it’s necessary to find comfort in your foreign surroundings and adapt to the surroundings. We all have our own comforts at home, and the key to studying abroad is to find your comforts through the alien and foreign surroundings that now control your life for the next five months.</font> <p>< able to adapt to a different lifestyle while abroad leads to the momentous change that occurs for most studying abroad participants: independence. Confidence. Self-awareness. Those of us lucky to have studied abroad come home and feel more self-assured and more confident. We feel like we can tackle any obstacle and remove any boundary. We are full of an optimism only found after successfully completing a trying task. But we also feel an undying urge to explore and test ourselves again. Through our newfound sense of independence we find a desire to live freely and explore life. We have seen the ignorance that one blanketed our comforted home lives striped away to reveal a newfound respect for humanity and a newfound desire to explore.<">So to answer everyone’s question studying abroad was more than amazing, it transcended amazing into the extraordinary. It was eye-opening and life-changing. It was everything I imagined and more, and yes, it was amazing. </font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="4288_692826652765_9426919_40852459_1982109_n[1]" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156fb3778d970c image-full " src="" title="4288_692826652765_9426919_40852459_1982109_n[1]" /></a> <> tag:typepad.com,2003:post-66943727 2009-05-18T18:00:31-04:00 2009-05-18T18:00:31-04:00 As promised from my last post I'm going to talk about my experiences and thoughts about Amsterdam... the effects that I believe its had on me so far. I feel different and I know after this I wont be the... Study Abroad <div xmlns=""><p style="text-align: center; FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black">As promised from my last post I'm going to talk about my experiences and thoughts about Amsterdam... the effects that I believe its had on me so far.</p> <p style="text-align: center; FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black">I feel different and I know after this I wont be the same ever again- I can't be the same. And I think it will be a long time before I fully realize how much of an impact this has really had, but I can already see differences. For one thing I really do feel more independent and confident in my abilities. I have been here on my own, taking care of things myself for several months now and I have done quite well I think. The freedom we are given here is even more than that at Wofford. I live in an apartment with one other person because there is no dorm housing (not really a campus) in the city of Amsterdam! Class schedules are less demanding so I have more time and freedom of choice in deciding when and how I will do things. The Dutch education system in general strives to give students a lot of freedoms in studying and learning. IES makes sure that students have essentials, but after that we are left completely on our own to explore a new city and to build a life in it. I have done this. I live in Amsterdam. Funenpark is my home. I ride a bike everywhere- around canals, over bridges, past windmills, in a crazy city where some drugs are tolerated along with prostitution. The very way of life here is different. I am used to doing my own grocery shopping- frequently because I have to bike all that I buy home so I can never buy much at once, and cooking. I go for runs in Oosterpark, I sit at cafes in Niewemarkt to do homework, I ride around Prinsengracht where there are many beautiful canals just for the heck of it, I shop at Dappermarkt and go for walks around the city often. I have a routine and a way of life which is centered in Amsterdam. I am not completely changed but the things I've done and way that I've lived will definitely change the way i see the world...</p> <p style="text-align: center; FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black">Being here, and also traveling to some other cities and countries has given me a much broader view of humanity. I have met, spoken with, and observed many types of people from different religions, backgrounds, and cultures and this in itself is enriching. Learning about other cultures is so neat and rewarding! Its is difficult because culture s inevitably clash in some ways (the Dutch are sooo direct that at first i thought they were always being rude but then i realized that they simply arent as "frinedly" as south carolinians) because they can be very different but neither are right or wrong. Anywhere you go people are just people despite other differences. I must say that I will be excited to be in the US where I will finally be surrounded by a languae I know because everywhere I go in any country I find my self surrounded by foreign languages and people BUT I do not think it will take me long to miss it. Everything here is multicultural. My classes are with very few Dutch students (because they have class in Dutch) but there are tons of international studetns here from ALL over the world and I know students from Western Europe (like france, germany, Denmark) Eastern Europe (Poland, Russia), Israel, South America, Canada, Australia... from all over the world. Also, Amsterdam is one of the most multicultural cities in the world. So many different types of people live here its just insane. Also, by traveling I have met even more people. In europe people tend to move between countries more often- especially since the EU makes moving easier. I am always facing cultural/language barriers. Its exciting though to be in the midst of a place where so many differnt kinds of people live together peacefully (mostly). I now think I understand what my deaf sister feels like- not being able to communicate well or udnerstand whats going on at times. I hope that this has made me more aware of others and their feelings and backgrounds.</p> <p style="text-align: center; FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black">Questions about the Dutch way of life have also gotten me thinking... for instance the policies which allow a little "bad" in to keep out a bigger evil- they confuse me. I see the benefit in allowing soemthing to happen which will inevitably occur even without regulation to prevent it from getting out of hand, yet I have always believed that one should stick to what they believe in for the principle of it- even if it seems easier to compromise. Im not quite sure what I've concluded about that yet. For instance though... I went to visit a multicultural class for my field experience project and was shocked by the teacher! She teaches the equivalent of 8th graders in the US and they are all of differnt backgrounds and have trouble adjusting to amsterdam- most from Surinam, Turkey, Morocco or places from the MIddle East like Pakistan. Many live in homes where parents act like they still live in teh home country and/or live in a community with only members of the same ethnic group so they struggle to fit in with teh native Dutch students. There are many terrible stereotypes about these foreigners and some even children get harassed... well to help them to see who they are, to get a grasp on their identity and to be strong enough to ignore stupid comments she actually plays on these stereotypes! She will call a student a "Cunt Moroccan" and go on and on about the stereotypes of Moroccans making it overly dramatic. Then, another student will sit there watching and she'll say... "Oh you lazy Surinamese dont chime in to help it would be too much effort" and then shell address a Turkish student who tries to protest "Dirty Turk you just keep your mouth shut!" And she does this to exaggerate the point and show them just how stupid and meaningless these names and stereotypes are. She says that by the end of it the studnets are all laughing and joining in. By doing things like this she breaks down barriers and says that most students see imporvement by the end of the semester! I was in awe... the Dutch have this tradition where they very inappropraitely poke fun at serious topics- they do this to make them lighter so they can be talked about critically. Offending and exaggerating is the means which many outrageous politicans take too. Apparently the professors do too! It is interesting that she says that the students do improve. She is actually a wonderful teacher. i could see that she was papssionate aobut teaching, cared for her students and they clearly respected her too. This is not out of character at all for a classroom. She tells the students- if i ever do offend you please tell me so I can apologize I never mean to hurt any of you. She also says that she'll have some homosexuals come to the class because many of these students are muslims and are homophobic. She'll tell the class "The gays are coming." They will freak out and someone will inevitably say, "why?" And she'll say "to f*** you." and the students will be alarmed and she'll play on the sterotype-saying yeah dont you know thats all they think about... and the students will protest and she'll go on with it until eventually the students ware standing up for the homosexual visitors, defending them. She says its human nature for people to defend someone whos being attacked. The students will insist that they are only coming to talk- and she'll say oh you're probably right! So she will get them to realize how silly they are being. So... with that said this is the environment I've been in for months. I see certain points of view yet always dont agree with means.</p> <p style="text-align: center; FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black">My faith has been tested as I am the only (practicing?) christian in my entire program (i think) and I am happy to say that my experiences here have only helped me to see how and why I beleive what I do. I am sure of the relationship that I have with Jesus Christ and even more than ever I see how essential and beautiful that relationship is...still, I do have some new questions and concerns the think about, pray about, and discuss with others- beleivers and non beleivers. There are things that I have seen and been around which I had not considered before. I believe that it can be good to question things and to seek to understand them better and I beleive that as I seek answers to difficult questions I will actually grow closer. It has mostly been difficult to have no christian friends or a church as an outlet to speak about spiritual things with, but I've found that God is here even if no one else wants Him here. He's blessed me greatly here.</p> <p style="text-align: center; FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black">I feel overwhelmed by the thought that this is almost over. I am full of mixed feelings- excited to see certain people and to do certain things again soon but also sad to be leaving my new life here. I've made friends who I will not soon forget and I will greatly miss this beautiful city. I have become more sure of myself and beliefs in some ways and have also adopted new ways and I am excited to see how this will affect my life in SC. I have only 3 weeks left and they will be very busy...</p> <p style="text-align: center; FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black">Read my next blog which is about the city I just returned from yesterday... Rome!!!</p> <p style="text-align: center; FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black"> <> Sydney tag:typepad.com,2003:post-66910581 2009-05-18T03:15:34-04:00 2009-05-18T03:15:34-04:00 One of my best friends from high school, Monica , arrived in Melbourne this past Friday. We traveled to sydney together this weekend. Sydney is such a lovely city! It is about the same size as Melbourne (5 million people)... Study Abroad <p>One of my best friends from high school, Monica , arrived in Melbourne this past Friday. We traveled to sydney together this weekend. Sydney is such a lovely city! It is about the same size as Melbourne (5 million people) and is approx. a 1.5 hour plane ride away.</p><p>We arrived, after a few flight delays, and managed to figure out the public transport system to get to our hostel. We then went to Sydney Harbor to see the beautiful bridge and opera house! We took a tour of the Sydney Opera House- which actually has 6 theatres- covering everything from opera (who'd think??haha) to ballet to concerts to drama to musicals, etc etc. We got to walk through some of the 'behind the scenes' areas which was cool, as well as learning more about the construction of this iconic $120 million dollar, 10 year, "world heritage" building. That night we went to a performance of Amadeus, which was a compilation of Mozart's symphonies and Opera- it was a great show, and even better because we got rush student tickets, which meant we got $75 seats for $25. good deal! We explored around the city a little that night, the harbor is so beautiful all lit up!<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="DSC03017" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f9a7667970c " src=""></img></a> <br>Monica and I in front of the Sydney Harbor Bridge<br><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="DSC03039" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570903364970b " src=""></img></a> <br>Sydney Opera House</p><p>The next day, we awoke really early and took the ferry to Darling Harbor to see the Sydney Aquarium. I love aquariums- and Sydney's didn't disappoint. They had an incredible selection of sharks and turtles, freshwater fish of Australia, Crocodiles, and a HUGE great barrier reef display. I loved it! And it makes me even more excited for when I get to visit the Great Barrier in another week, once my mom arrives :) After the aquarium, we hopped on the train and then took a bus to Bondi Beach.. which is a rather famous surfing beach outside of Sydney. The water is beautiful pacific blue, with white sand and plenty of fit males geared up to surf. Along the beach from Bondi there is a BEAUTIFUL5 km coastal walk that takes you along the cliffside to allow you to walk to the neighboring beaches, which include Tarramana and Bronte Bay (both of which are also gorgeous!). It provides excellent views not only of the beach, but of the cliff front, vegetation, and the horizon. </p><p><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="DSC03060" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f9a776a970c " src=""></img></a> <br>Bondi Beach in Sydney- the litte dots in the waves are surfers</p><p>We finished our trip with another ferry ride to Manly Beach, another well known beach area of Sydney. The ferry ride is great there as well since it takes you through the Sydney Harbor, allowing you a great view of the Opera House and the Bridge. We had hoped to do the climb up the Sydney Harbor Bridge, but it proved to be really expensive and we just ran out of time. All in all, it was a great trip- and though tiring and very fast we saw a great deal in our 2 days. </p><p><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="DSC03068" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f9a7808970c " src=""></img></a> <br>View from the coastal walk of McKenzie Bay</p>> 3 Days... tag:typepad.com,2003:post-66682477 2009-05-12T10:39:41-04:00 2009-05-12T10:39:41-04:00 I feel like the past four months of my life have been a blur. So many things have changed since the day I got here, and while I’ve learned a lot, this experience has been much different than I anticipated.... Study Abroad <div xmlns="">" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">I feel like the past four months of my life have been a blur.<span> </span>So many things have changed since the day I got here, and while I’ve learned a lot, this experience has been much different than I anticipated.<span> </span>We had a re-entry session the other day at school, and it got me thinking about all the things I have to face when I get back.<span> </span>All of my friends and people I love have been changing and growing in their lives too.<span> </span>I have to go back to see where I fit into their new lives and all the things I’ve missed.<span> </span>I hadn’t really thought about it, but several occurrences in the past week have really begun to put things into perspective.<span> </span>I don’t want to go back to reality.<span> </span>I don’t want to go back to grad school choices, seriously intense classes, and all the people I have to learn how to deal with again and become a part of their lives again.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: center;"> <a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4732" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f8bd4e2970c image-full " src="" title="IMG_4732" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>I guess being abroad has almost been like a dream; I don’t even know how to describe it, and sometimes I can’t remember it all.<span> </span>Where do I begin with the stories and things I learned?<span> </span>How do I know in what ways I’ve changed?<span> </span>There are so many questions floating around in my head because I know things will be different when I get back.<span> </span>I won’t see everything the way I used to, and even if I try to explain the past 4 months to someone, they aren’t going to understand.<span> </span>How can I tell people about University of Sena<st1:place w:<st1:placename w:</st1:placename></st1:place> students dressed in capes taking off their medieval hats and making me wear them in the middle of the piazza?<span> </span>How can I describe the little boys as high as my waist in the streets persistently drumming in preparation for the Palio?<span> </span>What can I say about the Sienese to capture the weight of their contradas and the passion with which they pursue the cloth that is ultimately the only prize of the Palio?<span> </span>How can I show someone what I still don’t even fully understand?</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: center;"><a href=""><img alt="IMG_4664" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570819bea970b image-full" src="" title="IMG_4664" /></a> <br /> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>Everything holds so much meaning, and in trying to convey this to people in the States, I know there will be a disconnection.<span> </span>I am in a sense coming back as an outsider to my own country.<span> </span>Yes, I will be able to speak in English and understand everything said to me, but how do you just leave behind something that has been a part of your life, not even a part, but your life for 4 months?<span> </span>I guess there is just so much to reflect on in so many ways.<span> </span>I know my relationships with people at home have changed, but my relationship with Italy<st1:country-region w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:country-region> has also changed.<span> </span>I have come to view Italy<st1:country-region w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:country-region> in such a different way than what I initially thought I would.<span> </span>I romanticized Italy<st1:country-region w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:country-region>, seeing only the countryside, food, romance, and beauty; when in actuality, there is so much more.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4742" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570819f72970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_4742" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>Yes, their food is amazing, but the hole in the wall restaurants are 10 times better than any super fancy spot, and while there are many beautiful structures around you, the most beautiful thing is the people.<span> </span>Watching a little girl fascinated by a couple kissing, or a little boy throwing his confetti at his sister makes me wish I was 5 again.<span> </span>The little boy who waddles up to another little boy, a complete stranger, taking his hand to chase the pigeons together is as beautiful as looking at any work of art.<span> </span>Wandering the streets to see cute old couples holding hands or the good Samaritan who gives up his seat on the bus for an old woman who is having trouble with the curves and abrupt stops makes for an experience all in itself.<span> </span>Even watching the way all the storekeepers interact with their customers, knowing many of them by name and serving up their meats, cheeses, produce, or wine with pride and appreciation for what they do gives the city and Italy character.<span> </span>Romance is definitely present in Italy<st1:country-region w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:country-region>, whether you like it or not.<span> </span>While sometimes a bit much, you can see the passion with which the Italians love and live their lives.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4321" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157081996a970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_4321" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>Sure, the buses are often late, and Italians are dressed in the latest styles and fashions, but overall, there is something beautiful and different just in the little things.<span> </span>The bus driver who chuckles and waits patiently as you sprint down the hill trying not to miss your bus, the man who lets you in front of him in Conad because you have 1 item and he has 10, the man at the tobacchi who knows what you want without even having to ask, the travel agent who applauds you after you struggle through ordering your tickets in Italian, and the little old lady that talks to you in Italian, even though you have no idea what she is saying are all a part of this culture.<span> </span>They make up the culture and the city; without them, Siena<st1:city w:</st1:city> wouldn’t be Siena<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city>.<span> </span>Of course there are the rude people and the people who treat you like an annoying American tourist, but you shrug it off and keep trying.<span> </span>It’s intimidating sometimes, but it always ends up being worth it.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href=""><img alt="IMG_4152" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f8bd87b970c image-full" src="" title="IMG_4152" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>It hasn’t hit me that I won’t be walking these streets anymore.<span> </span>I won’t be buying the euro slice of pizza in Piazza Gramsci or the delicious foccacia sandwiches anymore.<span> </span>The bus will not be my only way to get around, and taking a train will be much more expensive.<span> </span>I won’t pass the man dressed in gold pretending to be a statue anymore, and I won’t get to people watch in the piazza with friends sharing a baguette and cheese.<span> </span>Everything I’ve been doing seems so unreal.<span> </span>Where has the time gone?<span> </span>I feel like I turned my head, and it’s over.<span> </span>What am I going to do with myself when I get home?<span> </span>I can’t hop a train and go to some exotic place like Venice<st1:city w:</st1:city> or Prague<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> anymore.<span> </span>I can’t wander the streets, coming upon extremely old churches or monuments to saints that take my breath away.<span> </span>I can’t buy the corner pizza on the piazza that everyone says is the best, and I can’t get the gelato with warm nutella and strawberries anymore.<span> </span>Some of these things just become a part of your routine, and it’s so weird to think I won’t be able to do them anymore.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4747" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570819ab6970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_4747" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>On the other hand, there are things I’m excited about coming back to.<span> </span>The variety of food in America<st1:country-region w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:country-region>, I’ve discovered, is amazing.<span> </span>I can’t wait to eat HUGE salads with grilled chicken, every vegetable known to man, and RANCH dressing.<span> </span>I can’t wait for sushi and Thai food, for a big bowl of salsa or cheese dip, for a quesadilla.<span> </span>Eating Chinese/Japanese or Indian food sounds SO good right now.<span> </span>I can’t wait to drive my car where I want to go, when I want to go there.<span> </span>To be able to go to places like Target and WalMart will be fantastic because they are cheap, and I only have to make one stop for all the things I need.<span> </span>I can’t wait to see my family and friends and just be in my hometown.<span> </span>I want to be able to speak my own language and be understood as well as understand what is being said to me, even if it’s about the size of shoes I want to try on.<span> </span>I can’t wait for icees and Sonic limeades because their ice is fantastic.<span> </span>I can’t wait to just to get back to college life either: late night runs to Waffle House or playing capture the flag on the lawn of Old Main.<span> </span>I’m excited about living in the apartments and getting back to my home church, HopePoint.<span> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4744" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f8bd9ce970c image-full " src="" title="IMG_4744" /></a> <br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>So, as you can see, I’m split.<span> </span>While I’m ready to go home, leaving behind this experience will be hard as well.<span> </span>A main chunk of my experience too has been the people in my program.<span> </span>Initially I wondered how we would get along, but they have been wonderful.<span> </span>We hit it off, and yet they are so so different from me.<span> </span>Many programs I’ve heard about have had cliques and problems within their group, but ours has been perfect.<span> </span>I’m going to miss watching Hannah dance to Beyonce’s “Single Ladies” or talking to Alex about his obsession with Duomos.<span> </span>I’ll miss Emma’s sarcasm and Bianca’s crazy stories.<span> </span>Each person in our program brings something entirely different to the table, and I have really enjoyed getting to know them.<span> </span>Our farewell dinner tomorrow will be sad, but we’re all planning on hanging out all night tomorrow, which I can’t wait for!! </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4741" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f8bdae1970c image-full " src="" title="IMG_4741" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>I guess readjusting is all part of it, and in retrospect, I am so incredibly glad that I came abroad.<span> </span>Even while Italian was hard to learn and speak, I’m also glad I chose somewhere non English speaking.<span> </span>I’ve learned a lot about myself and where my focus needs to be, and I’ve gained an appreciation about a culture that I found I didn’t really know.<span> </span>I’ve learned more about my Christian faith and how much I need the Lord everyday of my life, and I’ve learned just how important my morals and values are to me and how much more strongly I feel about them after seeing what I’ve seen.<span> </span>I got a chance to do something that a lot of people don’t get to do: I spent an entire semester in another country, traveling where I wanted and getting to see history and beauty that is unparalleled.<span> </span>It has been a rollercoaster full of good days and bad, days where I wanted to go home and days where I wanted to stay in Europe<st1:place w:</st1:place> for the rest of my life.<span> </span>It’s not all rainbows and sunshine, but it gives you a deeper understanding of so many things, namely yourself.<span> </span>You take this journey and for some people, they find who they are.<span> </span>For me, I was able to discover more about myself that I didn’t know was there.<span> </span>It has been an incredible experience that I will never forget for the rest of my life.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4728" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f8bdc04970c image-full " src="" title="IMG_4728" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><> Venezia & Roma!! tag:typepad.com,2003:post-66568783 2009-05-09T03:22:05-04:00 2009-05-09T03:22:42-04:00 The past couple of weeks have been really busy, but fun all the same. My mom was here for a week, which was definitely one of my favorite times of my semester. I have missed her and the rest of... Study Abroad <div xmlns="">="country-region" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>The past couple of weeks have been really busy, but fun all the same.<span> </span>My mom was here for a week, which was definitely one of my favorite times of my semester.<span> </span>I have missed her and the rest of my family, but I don’t think I full realized how much until she was here.<span> </span>It was wonderful having her here for numerous reasons.<span> </span>Firstly, I think that sometimes I have become complacent with living in Siena<st1:place w:<st1:city w:</st1:city></st1:place>, and its beauty and history are sometimes overlooked.<span> </span>It was great to have some fresh eyes and perceptions because it renewed my enthusiasm and appreciation for the city that I have begun to call home.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83c705970c " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>When she arrived, I took her to her hotel, and we went and got gelato with strawberries and warm nutella.<span> </span>It was funny because my mom had never experienced nutella, and she LOVED it.<span> </span>After getting some food, we headed on a walk around Siena<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> to the Duomo, the park, and just around some of the beautiful areas that surround the city.<span> </span>Overall I think she really enjoyed Siena<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> and thought it was beautiful.<span> </span>I was really glad that she got to spend some time here, since we also traveled a lot when she came. She arrived in Siena<st1:city w:</st1:city> on a Saturday, and we left for Venice<st1:place w:<st1:city w:</st1:city></st1:place> on Sunday.<span> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570798e1d970b " src="" title="A" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570798e4f970b " src="" title="A" /></a> <br /></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Off the Rialto Bridge</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83c9ca970c " src="" /></a> <br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span><st1:place w:<st1:city w:</st1:city></st1:place></p><p>Venice was absolutely wonderful.<span> </span>The city is so unique – I’ve never been anywhere like it.<span> </span>I really loved the canals, and the entire city is just beautiful in a different sort of way.<span> </span>After making it to our cute and centrally located hotel, we put our things away and went to St. Mark’s Square, which was absolutely beautiful.<span> </span>With the Dodge Palace<st1:place w:<st1:placetype w:</st1:placetype></st1:place> and St. Mark’s Basilica on it, it’s simply stunning, even in the rain. <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span>J</span></span><span> </span>We explored that area for a while before going to a nice dinner and the opera, which was amazing.<span> </span>Instead of seeing it in the big Fenice Theater, we went to a palace, where the performers were in the same room as we were.<span> </span>In this sense, I mean that we were in the room of a palace; while it was big, it was nowhere close to the size of a theater, and the performers were right in front of us….I could have touched them.<span> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83c7b0970c " src="" /></a> <br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>St. Mark's Square</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"></a><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83c7f7970c " src="" title="A" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Dungeons</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570798f32970b " src="" title="A" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Dodge Palace</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83c86d970c " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>It was a completely different experience from anything I’ve ever done, and the voices were absolutely beautiful.<span> </span>The name of the opera was <em>La Traviata</em>, and it was wonderful.<span> </span>With each act, we got to move to a different room of the palace, which also made it more interesting, even though it was somewhat hard to understand because it was in Italian.<span> </span>I did get bits and pieces though, which made it fun for me because I felt accomplished. <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span>J</span></span><span> </span>There were only three performers, but it was fabulous, and the palace was gorgeous.<span> </span>There were old paintings lining the walls, and all of the ceilings were fairly elaborate, which was really cool and added to the atmosphere.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83c8c9970c " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Making of a Glass Horse</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570798fcb970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Murano</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570798feb970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Island with the Cathedral</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>The next day we spent time in the Dodge Palace<st1:placetype w:</st1:placetype> – buy the tickets in the Corre Museum<st1:place w:<st1:placetype w:</st1:placetype></st1:place>, and you get to skip the line. <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span></span></span><span> </span>The Palace was really interesting, and I got to learn about the Dodges plus all the various purposes for the rooms like meetings of the important decision makers and such.<span> </span>It was fun, and I learned a lot as well.<span> </span>Later in the day, we went on a boat tour to three of the islands surrounding Venice<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city>.<span> </span>One island was Murano, which is known for blown glass, and while I don’t remember the names of the other two, one was famous for lace making, and the other had an extremely old cathedral and church on it.<span> </span>Even though it rained, the boat tour was really cool, and I enjoyed the glass demonstration.<span> </span>Well, that is with the exception of the man who worked there.<span> </span>He kept following me around and telling me I had beautiful eyes, and he was persistent about where I got them until he saw my mom and figured it out. <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span>J</span></span><span> </span>It was pretty funny, but the glass was absolutely beautiful.<span> </span>They have everything imaginable in every size you could think of.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83c96b970c " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Lace Island</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83c99a970c " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>After our boat tour, we were supposed to go on a sailboat tour of Venice<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> with a guide, but it was too nasty outside to do that.<span> </span>It was fairly cold, rainy, and very windy.<span> </span>Instead, we settled to wander around and get lost in the city, which we did very effectively.<span> </span>We ended up coming upon a restaurant that looked good, and we split some pasta and lobster, which turned out to be pretty tasty.<span> </span>I was laughing at my mom because she ordered a tomato salad, thinking that it was going to be like an actual salad.<span> </span>Her face when they brought only tomatoes in a bowl was hilarious.<span> </span>She also asked for dressing, but Italians only have oil and vinegar usually, so the guy gave her a confused expression, which was quite funny. After dinner, we explored Venice<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> at night, which was breathtaking.<span> </span>All of the lights along the water are really pretty to look at, and we went up on the Rialto Bridge<st1:place w:<st1:placetype w:</st1:placetype></st1:place> to look out for a while.<span> </span>We also took the vaporetto (main boat line) back to our hotel, so we got to be on the water looking out at the lights, which was fun.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83c9af970c " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Fresh Seafood</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>Overall, Venice<st1:place w:<st1:city w:</st1:city></st1:place> was one of my favorite places I’ve been because it’s just so different.<span> </span>There are no cars, only boats, and if you get up early in the morning, you can watch everyone wake up.<span> </span>We went to the market fairly early both mornings and watched the shopkeepers open, and the fruit/vegetable vendors set out their produce.<span> </span>We saw the fresh fish get put out, and there were arrays of octopus, clams, mussels, shrimp, lobster, etc. all along the streets.<span> </span>It was really neat to see those of the actual city aside from the tourists.<span> </span>Also, we got to see the trash guys picking up the trash in their contraptions with wheels, which was fun as opposed to a garbage truck.<span> </span>Venice<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> was really neat, and I loved having my mom there because she got to see the changes from when she went thirty years ago.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e20115707990a2970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e20115707990e1970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>After Venice<st1:city w:</st1:city>, we went to Florence<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> for the day, exploring the city, crossing the Ponte Vecchio and shopping a lot at the market, which was fun.<span> </span>Other than that we ate lunch at a cute little place and went into the Duomo for a bit.<span> </span>Florence<st1:city w:</st1:city> was fun, but we only spent a small amount of time there because I had papers due the next day, and we were leaving for Rome<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> on Thursday.<span> </span>While my mom was here, she really only spent two to three days in Siena<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city>, which was a good amount, but I think she could’ve spent longer.<span> </span>After another day and a half in Siena<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city>, my mom met Piera, which was funny.<span> </span>Neither of them really knew what to say, but I tried to roughly translate, which, well, you can imagine how that went.:)<span> </span>It wasn’t bad though.<span> </span>My mom thanked her for taking care of me, and Piera packed us a dinner for us to take with us to Rome<st1:place w:<st1:city w:</st1:city></st1:place>, which was sweet.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4302" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157079915c970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Florence</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4306" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83cbcf970c " src="" /></a> </span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Ponte Vecchio</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>In Rome<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city>, we stayed in a beautiful hotel about 30 minutes out of the city because we wanted to be able to come back and relax.<span> </span>The hotel was great because we got spoiled with mints on our pillows, slippers, and a really nice bathroom, which was great because I’m used to hostels.<span> </span>We also had a wonderful view of the entire city of Rome<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> because the hotel, which was basically a villa, looked off over everything.<span> </span>It was gorgeous.<span> </span>Anyway, we got into our hotel and pretty much fell right asleep after dinner because we had a busy day planned for Friday.<span> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="H" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83cbe7970c " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Views from the Hotel</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="I" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83cc08970c " src="" /></a> <br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>We got up early the next morning and headed in on the train, deciding to do all the touristy things, starting with the Colosseum.<span> </span>We ended up hooking on to this really good tour that consisted of two parts.<span> </span>It was really cheap, and we got a tour of the Colosseum, as well as free time before moving on to Palatine Hill and the Forum.<span> </span>The tour was cheap too, and I really felt like I got a lot out of it.<span> </span>In the Colosseum though, our guide was telling us about a battle between like 100 lions and 20 elephants or something like that, which is INSANE.<span> </span>I can’t imagine the bloodshed and crazy noises and sights that people got from that.<span> </span>I don’t know if I’d be capable of watching it either.<span> </span>Apparently, the Colosseum is not as gruesome as everyone thinks, but it was very interesting to learn about and see ruins.<span> </span>It was really cool.<span> </span>After the Colosseum, we went to Palatine Hill where we learned about the majestic palaces that once stood on the hill where the emperors made their residence, and we got to see the Forum from an “on top” view, which was good for our guide pointing out everything.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="C" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e20115707992b2970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Colosseum</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="B" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e20115707992c3970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="D" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83cc58970c " src="" title="D" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>We saw Augustus’s house in addition to that of his wife, as well as the Circus Maximus where they used to have chariot races.<span> </span>We explored Palatine Hill for a little longer before actually descending into the Forum and seeing where Caesar was cremated, the Temple<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> of the Vestal Virgins, the Senate House, and all the other important and once impressive buildings in the center of the old Roman world.<span> </span>It was incredible to imagine what the Forum must have looked like with its towering marble structures and people everywhere.<span> </span>I couldn’t believe that I was walking where past emperors, the people considered the most powerful on Earth at that time, walked.<span> </span>It was so cool to actually see what I’ve always read and been taught about.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="A" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83cc80970c " src="" title="A" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Free Picture with the Roman Guards</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="F" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157079932a970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Forum</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="E" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570799347970b " src="" title="E" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>After the Forum, we went to the Pantheon, which was cool, and we made a brief run by the Spanish Steps before heading back to our hotel in order to eat a nice dinner.<span> </span>My mom tried boar, and I had trout stuffed pasta.<span> </span>It wasn’t the best dinner we’ve ever had, but I had a main course of goose leg, and my mom tried the lamb.<span> </span>After dinner, we went to bed completely stuffed from all the food we ate in order to get up for the next morning.<span> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="K" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83cd51970c " src="" /></a> <br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Circus Maximus</strong><br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="G" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570799376970b " src="" /></a> <br /></strong></p><div style="text-align: center;"><strong>Pantheon</strong><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>On Saturday we did the hop on, hop off bus tour, which was great because we got to see everything without making our feet tired.<span> </span>After the bus tour, we did a guided tour of the Vatican<st1:country-region w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:country-region>, which was really interesting.<span> </span>The Sistine Chapel was stunningly beautiful, and the museum had all kinds of incredibly old and interesting things.<span> </span>Nero’s bathtub was in there, and it was made out of one of the most precious types of marble, one that is extinct today.<span> </span>The bathtub is the largest item of that marble remaining, which is cool.<span> </span>We saw all kinds of stuff like that in addition to the Raphael rooms, painted by none other than Raphael.<span> </span>Those were all extremely interesting to view, and St.<st1:place w:</st1:place> Peter’s was gorgeous as well.<span> </span>There aren’t really words to describe it; you have to see it for yourself because it is so massive and impressive, especially when the sun’s rays are penetrating the glass on the windows, illuminating the altar.<span> </span>It was beautiful.<span> </span>The rest of the day was spent viewing the big piazzas like Piazza Navona and several others, eventually eating dinner at a Hosteria, surrounded by tap dancers, mimes, and all other types of entertainment.<span> </span>After dinner, we stopped by the Trevi Fountain, which is gorgeous at night and a wonderful gelato place for death by chocolate, a supposed specialty. <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span>J</span></span><span> </span>It was a good end to the day before taking a walk across Rome<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> at night to see more of its beauty.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="J" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83cd78970c " src="" title="J" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Bus Tour</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="L" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e20115707993fb970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Nero's Bathtub</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="M" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157079941e970b " src="" /></a> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Raphael Rooms</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span>I really enjoyed Rome<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> a lot, but the tourists and amount of people there, made me glad that I was only there for a bit.<span> </span>On Sunday, we went to a nicer area of Rome<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> to a really cool flea market that had all kinds of stuff for really good prices.<span> </span>It was fun wandering around as the men and women yelled out sales pitches every few seconds, trying to persuade you to look at their stand.<span> </span>I wish I had had more time in Rome<st1:city w:<st1:place w:</st1:place></st1:city> simply to be able to soak it in more, but I was exhausted at the end.<span> </span>I was glad my mom was fresh and had the energy to drag us along.<span> </span>All in all, I LOVED the time my mom was here, and the two cities were interesting, rich with beauty, history, and art, making them fascinating places to see.<span> </span>I’m so glad I got to see these wonderful places and experience them with my mom. <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="IMG_4539" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83ce50970c " src="" /></a> <strong><br /></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><strong>St. Peter's</strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><strong><br /></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span></span><> Australian Sport: Footy! tag:typepad.com,2003:post-66568089 2009-05-09T02:01:38-04:00 2009-05-09T02:01:38-04:00 So, ever since I arrived in Oz I have heard so much about Australian Rules Football. It is a favorite topic of all Australians, and is especially popular here in Melbourne. (As several teams play out of Melbourne, and there... Study Abroad <p>So, ever since I arrived in Oz I have heard so much about Australian Rules Football. It is a favorite topic of all Australians, and is especially popular here in Melbourne. (As several teams play out of Melbourne, and there are 2 stadiums the matches are held in). Everyone has their team, and is die hard faithful to them. However, AFL (Aussie Rules Football) is not at all like American Football, or soccer for that matter. It is kind of a cross between soccer, football, and lacrosse. For a start, there are lots of attractive muscular Australian men running around in short shorts and sleeveless tops. The game is similar enough, there are goalposts that you are aiming to kick the ball through. But the football is dribbled, passed and kicked, and there is tackling. Full tackling. I mean it gets aggressive, and there are no pads or helmets involved.</p><p>However, everyone gets all decked out in their team colors and paraphenalia.. scarves, hats, shirts, jerseys, signs, giant pom poms... you name it. I felt like I was at a Quidditch match. The stadium was huge, 70,000 people attended, and EVERYONE was into the game. The game I went to was the Hawthorn Hawks (Of Tasmania) and the Carlton Blues (of North Melbourne). We were going for the Hawks, and luckily they won...after a very exciting and close game. </p><p><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="Footy! (50)" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157079845d970b " src=""></img></a> <br>Some friends and I at the game. Go Hawthorn!</p><p><a href="" style="display: inline;"><img alt="Footy! (17)" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f83be6b970c " src=""></img></a> <br>Footy players- and the ridiculously large pom poms in the background.</p><p><br>Other fun activities of late have included going birdwatching with my Australian Wildlife Biology class, exploring lots of new cafes, gelatterias,tea shops, and bars. I went on a pub crawl with the University and we went to many exciting venues, including a Science Themed bar, where you could have drinks out of test tubes. It was awesome! We also went to several really neat local places, kind of the 'hidden laneways.' </p><p><br>School is on the downward trend, I still have 3 more weeks of class, and then a few weeks of exams..returning home in Late June. A good friend from home is coming to visit this week, and we'll be going to Sydney and New Zealand so more to come> Unforgettable Moments tag:typepad.com,2003:post-66520127 2009-05-07T19:24:59-04:00 2009-05-07T19:55:24-04:00 I realized that I have done so many neat things since I have been here that there is just no way I will remember everything... but there are certain priceless moments which will stick with me long after I have... Study Abroad <div xmlns=""><p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5103" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e20115707628a7970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_5103"></img></a> </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center">I realized that I have done so many neat things since I have been here that there is just no way I will remember everything... but there are certain priceless moments which will stick with me long after I have left Amsterdam. I'd like to describe a few experiences I've had here recently.</p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center">(NOTE: If you read my last blog already I just added pictures of the windmills etc tonight so go back and check them out!)</p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Muiden</span></p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_4720" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570762632970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_4720"></img></a> </span></p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center">A few weeks ago I went to Muiden with other IES students to see Muiderslot- a very old castle! It was so neat! Castles just aren't so common in the United States. The castle wasn't very big- like the country itself- but it has lots of history. Unfortunately our tour guide did not speak very good English so I cannot recount much of the history to you, but long ago each city/province was separated with local ruler who owned the land and many had castles and fortifications as protective forces against attack. We could not take pictures inside the castle so my only pictures are of the outside. I enjoyed seeing something entirely different, and sharing the day with other IES students that I don't get to see too often. After visiting the castle we explored the town for a bit which was incredibly cute. We found a place to get ice cream and sat outside in the sun, chatting.</p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_4757" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f806e9c970c image-full " src="" title="IMG_4757"></img></a> </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_4744" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e20115707627af970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_4744"></img></a> </span></p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Volendam and Marken</span></p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5176" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f807431970c image-full " src="" title="IMG_5176"></img></a> </span></p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center">Last saturday I went on a 42 mile bike ride! Don't be too amazed... the Netherlands is incredibly flat so it really wasn't difficult, just long! On another IES excursion our guide Annabel took us on a ride to a town called Volendam. The bike ride was pleasant. We rode along the Dutch countryside which is beautiful and so peaceful. It's very green with lots of cows (how do you think all that cheese is made!), tons of lambs, and cute homes and windmills. The ride was nice because it was a breezy day, but the sun was out and it was enjoyable to talk to other students while biking through the country! We made a stop at a place where cheese, clogs, and souvenirs are made and had a wine and cheese sampling. We also stopped at a windmill along the way which was very cool- but looks like all the other Dutch windmills I've seen by now. They are actually quite interesting- Dutch windmills are all shaped the same way and they are made of a fuzzy-looking material which makes them look like a hut made by a native tribesman. Maybe you can tell in the picture below? Anyways, our ride to Volendam was mostly a success- with only one flat tire, 3 missed turns, and one incident where several students went the wrong way! This town was very neat and very Dutch- but it was also very touristy. After a long bike ride we were starving so we ate lunch in this town and wandered around. Eventually, we got on a ferry with our bikes which took us to another touristy Dutch town called Marken. It was also very cute. Both towns are located right on the water with access to boats. This has been an important part of Holland's history and Dutch life. The Dutch are expert fishers and are adept at getting around by boat for necessity or recreation. In Marken, we wandered again- taking in the town. The part of this that I abolutely hated was biking to the beach where the lighthouse was because we rode on the bike path on the dike which was FULL of bugs. There were bugs hitting me on the face and all over and I was freaking out! It was terrible. Otherwise, the trip was enjoyable. </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5113" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570762c9f970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_5113"></img></a> </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5110" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f8074f1970c image-full " src="" title="IMG_5110"></img></a> </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5123" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570762daf970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_5123"></img></a> </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5124" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570762e15970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_5124"></img></a> </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5135" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570762e7b970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_5135"></img></a> </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5146" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e2011570762ed4970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_5146"></img></a> </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center">I began to get cold though, so I left with Kate and Rachel a bit earlier than the rest of the group, eager to begin the bike back which I knew would make me warmer. It was nice to ride back with just two others because we could go at a faster pace, stop as we wanted to take pictures, and could talk easier. This was a moment I will remember and cherish. The trip back from Marken to Amsterdam was beautiful. For most of it we rode along another dike which towered over the street on one side and the water on the other. It was magnificent riding my bike with just two good friends through the Dutch countryside to my home in Amsterdam! The moment I will remember most though, is looking in front of me as the sun was beginning to set. I was at the front of the line so I felt like I was alone for a moment... it was just me riding towards the Amsterdam skyline while the sun glistened on the water so brightly it was almost blinding! It was beautiful and I felt a wave of peace. And I will also remember what happned right after this moment. A huge bug flew into my eye!!! I had to pull over so Kate could get it out of my contact and get me to calm down. She made me put on my sunglasses even though it was no longer too sunny as a shield against further bug attacks. 42 miles later I arrived back at Funenpark, ready to shower and collapse into my bed.</p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5156" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f80779b970c image-full " src="" title="IMG_5156"></img></a> </p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5168" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201156f80780f970c image-full " src="" title="IMG_5168"></img></a> </span></p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><a href="" style="DISPLAY: inline"><img alt="IMG_5178" border="0" class="at-xid-6a00d83452519b69e201157076300a970b image-full " src="" title="IMG_5178"></img></a> </span></p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Concert Gebouw</span></p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center">Tonight I went to see a symphony orchestra at the concert hall Concert Gebouw. This venue was nice and the music was amazing! As a former viola player, I have a great appreciation for this type of music and the orchestra did not disappoint. First, IES actually treated us to a dinner at an Indonesian restaurant. I have been wanting to try Indonesian food while in Amsterdam so this was perfect. The food was wonderful and it was served buffet style to each table. There were at least 17 different options of foods so basically we each just tasted some of everything. We left 2 1/2 hours later completely stuffed! IES even had wine served with our meal. Afterward, we walked to the concert hall which was close to musemplein. We were excited to find that we had front row seats, until we entered the building and realized they were terrible seats because the stage was really really high and we were way too close. I couldn't see very much at all, but the sound was great. First, Lang Lang (a well-known pianist) played with the orchestra, and after the intermission they played another piece which I actually liked even better. At intermission (at apparently all types of art and music shows in the Netherlands)everyone gets a free drink to create a gezellig atmosphere.</p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center">An especially funny scene occured... after each movement there would be a few moments of silence before the next began and each time suddenly an eruption of coughs would break out (but no applause because between movements of piece the audience doesn't clap- they should wait until the end of the entire set). I am not sure why all of the coughing was happening... I guess the audience was mostly made up of old folks, but my friend Joel looked at me and Rachel and exclaimed "So- we don't clap, we cough if we think it was good?" And he was serious. He thought the audience was coughin on purpose. So after this, each time there was a pause he would fake-cough with the elderly. It was quite funny... maybe you had to be there. Regardless, I enjoyed the show. This was definitely something I would not have made the effort to do alone, but since IES offered it I decided to go and I am glad that I did.</p> <p style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial Black; TEXT-ALIGN: center">IN CONCLUSION... I'd just like to say that this has been one of the most significnat experiences of my life- just being in the Netherlands. I have been given a lot to think about. Seeing the world from a different perspective is challenging and eye-opening. I'd like to elaborate on my thoughts about this... in my next blog! Check in later.<> | http://feeds.feedburner.com/typepad/woffordBlog/study_abroad | crawl-002 | refinedweb | 15,995 | 58.92 |
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Unions in C Language
Unions and structures are similar in concept. The syntax of unions in C programming language is also similar to that of structure. The difference between structures and unions is of the storage. In structure all the members have their own storage location but in unions all the members share a single memory and this memory storage is equal to the largest data member. The data members of union cannot be handled at same time.
The following is the syntax to declare a union by using union keyword:
union unit
{
int m;
float x;
char c;
} u1;
In the above example u1 is declared of type union unit. The data members of union are three and all of them are of different data types. But we can use only one item of the union at a time. This is because the data member of union is assigned only one location irrespective of its size.
Accessing a Union Member:
The following is the syntax to access a union member; it is similar to access the data member of a structure:
union testing
{
int a;
float b;
char c;
} t1;
t1. a ; // accessing the members of structure
t1. b ;
t1. c ;
Complete Example for Union:
Consider the following example in which we have used union:
CODE:
# include <stdio. h>
# include <conio. h>
union unit
{
int x;
float y;
char ch;
};
int main ( )
{
union unit u1;
u1. x = 10;
u1. y = 10.2;
u1. ch = ‘c’;
clrscr ();
printf (“%d\n”, u1. x);
printf (“%f\n”, u1. y);
printf (“%c\n”, u1. ch);
getch ();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
2423.342
12421.324
c
In the above example it can be seen that the values printed for x and y are the wrong values and the value for the variables ‘ch’ is correct this is because the union will allocate the memory to currently saved variable. | http://www.tutorialology.com/c-language/unions-in-c-language/ | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | refinedweb | 320 | 72.46 |
Testing ZK applications using Selenium can be a drag. Selenium offers a lot of tool to test traditional request-response cycle applications. But it relies heavily on stable element IDs and submitting whole forms.
ZK, on the other hand, sends just a skeleton page to the browser and from then, builds everything with JavaScript. Instead of posting a whole form, it submits individual field values (to trigger validation). And it assigns random IDs to reach element.
At first glance, the two don’t seem to be a perfect match. But there are a couple of simple tools that will make your life much more simple.
Getting Stable IDs for Tests
One solution here is to write an ID generator which always returns the same IDs for each element. But this is tedious, error-prone and sometimes impossible.
A better solution is to attach a custom attribute to some elements which doesn’t change. A beacon. If you have a central content area, then being able to find that will make your life much more simple because whatever else you might seek – it must be a child of the main content.
To do that, add a XML namespace:
<zk xmlns:
to the top of your ZUL file, you can now use a new attribute ca:data-test-id="xxx" to set a fixed attribute on an element. In Selenium code, you can now locate this element using this code:
By.xpath( "//div[@data-test-id = 'xxx']" )
I suggest to use this sparingly in order not to bloat your DOM. But a few of them for fast moving targets will make your tests much more stable.
Debugging the DOM
Sometimes, your life would be much more simple if you could see what the DOM was when your test failed. Here is a simple trick to get a HTML fragment from the browser:
protected JavascriptLibrary javascript = new JavascriptLibrary(); public String dump( WebElement element ) { return (String) javascript.executeScript( driver, "return arguments[0].innerHTML", element ); }
You can now use JTidy and JDOM to convert the fragment first into W3C XML nodes and then into JDOM elements:
public org.w3c.dom.Document asDom( WebElement parent ) { String html = dump( parent ); Tidy tidy = new Tidy(); tidy.setShowWarnings( false ); tidy.setErrout( new PrintWriter( new NullOutputStream() ) ); org.w3c.dom.Document dom = tidy.parseDOM( new StringReader( html ), null ); return dom; } public static org.jdom2.Document asJDOM( org.w3c.dom.Document content ) { // JDOM chokes on: org.jdom2.IllegalNameException: The name "html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"" is not legal for JDOM/XML DocTypes: XML names cannot contain the character " ". Node docType = content.getDoctype(); if( null != docType ) { content.removeChild( docType ); } DOMBuilder builder = new DOMBuilder(); org.jdom2.Document jdomDoc = builder.build( content ); return jdomDoc; }
Another great use case for this is a default exception handler for tests which saves a screenshot and a copy of the DOM at the time a test fails. No more guessing why something didn’t happen.
If we go with ZK big time then I’ll be coming back to this post!
Great tip, thanks. Using the client attributes for this is a good idea that saves much time and removes the need to implement a custom IDGenerator or similar. | https://blog.pdark.de/2013/08/30/selenium-vs-zk/ | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | refinedweb | 533 | 66.84 |
Compiz 0.9.0 is Released!werfu (1487909) writes "Compiz 0.9.0, the first release of Compiz rewritten in C++, has been annouced on the Compiz mailling list. See the announcement for more info"
Link to Original Source
Massachusetts May Soon Change How the Nation Dies.
Accelerator Driven Treatment of Nuclear Waste
Thorium reactor designs are somewhat "new" or unproven compared to actual nuclear reactor. The nuclear reactors operators are somewhat conservative, but it's quite understandable. You don't want something going wrong when you mess with radioactivity. But we should see Molten-salt thorium reactor in a somewhat near future, India having bought the right to build them.
Ship Anchor Damages African Undersea Cables
Somebody here failed his geography class...
Biofuel Thieves Steal Restaurant Grease
A turbo getting clogged by grease leftover means that the fuel didn't burn totally . It can be caused by a compression leak, an fuel:air ratio being too high or oil being poorly filtered. You should however take a particular care of the injectors, as oil impurity as a bad tendency to clog them. Getting bigger injector usually helps. And I'm pretty sure that you can get a chip tuned for better handling of bio-diesel. BTW there's additive you can buy that really helps decrease oil viscosity.
ASUS Running Out of Hard Disks
I guess it's time to upgrade to SSD. Imagine how the price will go down if all the demand for HDD goes to SSD. Sure it will spike until production can step up, but in the end it would help a lot.
World Population Expected To Hit 7 Billion In Late October
Don't worry, the ecosystem will balance back before we get to the non returning point. It's been proven that if a population isn't controlled anymore by any selective pressure, a new selective pressure will arise and reestablish the correct population/resources ratio. Don't you see what's going on? Population increase is going on in already over populated area which are usually poor and undeveloped. This create a the perfect environment for a new epidemic. The first world is also extremely reliant on petrol and electronics. A solar flare big enough to knock down completely our power grid could let most of our population to starve. The economy is going badly, there's unrest in developing nation, political tension all over the world. Don't you see what's coming? We're on the edge of the ravine and all it takes is a small tips for our civilization to collapse. Hell we'll surely give it to ourselves. Don't believe me? Look back at the roman empire.
Will Climate Engineering Ever Go Prime Time?
Arrakis climate isn't regulated. But others, like Caladan, are.
Will Climate Engineering Ever Go Prime Time?
Frank Herbert has thought the idea in Dune, with satellite controlling the climate. Geoengineering and terraforming is maybe science fiction for now, but I'd love to see Mars and Venus altered to support life. Agreed with today's technologies it would take a millennium, but once we get started, development would accelerate and we'd get better and better at it.
Making Fuel With Newspapers and Bacteria
Lawn is a small example, but think about how much plant byproducts are trashed : food, leaves, wood, paper, cardboard. The implication is not only in generating fuel, but could give another twist to waste management. There's already process to convert general trash to fuel. Let's recycle what can be, than convert to fuel what need to be trashed. The only things left would be non organic materials like stone and metal. Let's also be realistic in saying that every plant waste can't be composted, as the compost needs to be used somewhere and farmers already have more than enough of animal fertilizer.
Making Fuel With Newspapers and Bacteria
Cellulose is part of every plant. Everything from cut grass to wood surplus and maze cane could be used to do it. This imply that a city could harvest lawn and convert it locally to fuel. This has a huge implication over fuel production.
The Quest For an EV Fast-Charge Standard
They didn't standardized on fuel. At the automobile beginnings, you used what you had available as fuel and engine where conceived that way. It's not until late that even producer have been able to regulate strictly quality (octane level) and that a common process prevailed. If 100+ octane level would have been common at that time, it's what we would be running on today.
Canadian Judge Rules Domain Names Are Property
No it will not. This is a canadian ruling and as such, it's only binding in Canada. Now let's say any company deposit a complain to ICANN or get's a ruling in the US against a canadian company operating a web site infringing on their copyright or IP (let's say a torrent site), than domain could be seized by ICE, allowed that the registred domain is part of a TLD operated under US juridiction (com, net, org...). However, if the domain is a
.CA, the domain cannot be seized. The plaintiff can however gets the judgment and try to make it stand under a canadian court
It's worth noting that canadian law favor actual property and individuals over Intellectual property and big corporation, if you compare to other country. We don't have software patents and file sharing still has little treat here. That's one of the reason why we do get on the worst country to fight against piracy list of the US. And we like it that way :)
Minecraft Reaches Beta Status, Price Goes Up
Actually, that's how big minecraft servers run, using RAMDrive and dumping the save to a disk once in a while.
PS3 Jailbreak Now Legal In Spain
So, someone building a shooting range in his basement, stock piling weapons and ammo, or building pipebombs for fun, all of this, in their privacy, would run free?
The Pirate Bay Co-Founder Starting P2P-DNS
I guest you live in the US. In Canada there's lot of web boutique that have
.com TLD and it sometime confusing to know we're the shop is. Or if they ship in Canada and you don't know they are in the US then you end up with a custom fee. It's true that if they'd ended with .ca, that would be clearer, but then most other people wouldn't think they could ship to other countries. The thing is, the TLD doesn't guarantee the web site origin. Would someone in the US shop on a .ru website? Most won't, simply because of the TLD, but the company could have a shop in the US. Most companies use the .com TLD because it's international and more recognizable. But it doesn't ensure they doing business internationally. TLDs are a conventions that is being misused. That's why I think they could be discarded.
Microsoft Reportedly Working On TV Service For Xbox 360
Yet in canada most ISP have quota which will render this kind of offer non possible here. Just look at Videotron. They're offering a 7.5Mbit/40gigs, 15mbits/60gig, 30/100gig, 50mbits/125gig, 120mbits/170gig. All quotas except the first have unlimited overcharge, at 1.50$ by gigabyte. At full throttle the later will only last 3.3h. Full throttle for a day and you'll get a near 2000$ fee for busting your quota. Ok, this isn't really possible, as their network surely can't handle giving all that bandwidth. But it still show off how abusing quotas are here in Canada.
The Pirate Bay Co-Founder Starting P2P-DNS
2: would this be a router's worst nightmare? In tree structure that ISPs has put us in, yes. But if this structure ever fails and we get back to the original net design, which is a mesh network, than it would not be such a problem. DNS change would be propagated to next nodes, wave like. IMO the problems come from the centralization and tree structure the net has become. We've seen fiber optic cable cutting net access to a whole part of the world. What would happen in a global war? Or a megalomaniac terrorist decided to cut net links all around the world? Worst economical crash ever? We're too dependent on big telcos and governments infrastructures. The net should be open, free for anyone. Simply by airwaves, like a big shout going unstopped around the world. Alright, enough dreaming here, I'm out
:)
The Pirate Bay Co-Founder Starting P2P-DNS
Then go flat namespace. Why do we really need hierarchical namespace? I mean, people don't bother if its
.com, .net or .org. Its a convention. Anyway, most people now protect their domain name by buying other domain suffix. Or like my mom that has google as her start page, and enter the url she wants to go directly into the google search textbox then press search. IMO domain suffix are overrated and provide more bloat to the net than it does good. Just look at the mess the .co domain is doing. A lot of domain scammers have already taken well known domains to make moneys from people entering things like hotmail.co. If there was no domain suffix, you would simply enter gmail and then get to gmail. Who cares about country anyway on the net.
Scientists Propose One-Way Trips To Mars
I'd be happy to go too. I'll bring wife and kids too. If we can simply ensure that nobody is sick before doing the trip, the idea of never catching a flu again is pretty sweet. In fact, I'd be happy mining, planting plants, doing some science... well, living for science. The life on that planet would be one of survival and science. For the better of mankind and the community. That would be refreshing of the selfishness this society has become obessed.
Scientists Propose One-Way Trips To Mars
ROFL! | http://beta.slashdot.org/~werfu | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | refinedweb | 1,705 | 74.59 |
11 of the Best Open-Source Kubernetes Tools — 2021 Edition
By Matt Broberg
Nearly everyone touching cloud infrastructure in 2021 is familiar with the Kubernetes project. Put simply, Kubernetes is an incredibly powerful platform for container orchestration. But in my opinion, Kubernetes, more than anything, is a collection of best practices baked into a system that can scale from a Raspberry Pi up to the largest Fortune 500 infrastructure. It empowers developers and operators alike to collaborate through standardized APIs and meaningful abstractions (like a Pod or a ConfigMap).
Kubernetes can save an organization from decades of fumbling through rolling their own “container strategy” by offering an open source standard that, thankfully, is also a standard of every major cloud vendor. That said, something that’s as big of a beast as Kubernetes can be difficult to tame, and to use it to the best of its potential, you’ll need a suite of additional tools.
The incredible community around Kubernetes is constantly sharing tools that help improve the experience of being a Kubernetes developer. Here is my list of the 11 essential tools I keep in my arsenal. I break them down by important categories: which ones help me run Kubernetes, test Kubernetes, and — last but not least — have fun in my IDE.
Category 1: Running Kubernetes Environments
Minikube Still Works Well
Nearly every Kubernetes tutorial starts with “download Minikube” and that still makes sense today. If you want to fiddle with containers in a truly low-risk environment, the well-packaged and maintained Minikube project will have you running a cluster in about 23 seconds.
Helm Is Still the Standard for Repeatable Deployments
While we have all written a one-off script or two to deploy some configuration to Kubernetes, the de facto way to manage repeatable deployments is with Helm. Much like apt on Ubuntu or rpm for RHEL, Helm is a package manager that does so much for Kubernetes developers. As a developer, I want to test my application with other projects without much work. Instead of writing my own Jenkins setup, I can simply run
helm install jenkins/jenkins and be on my way. To find it and other Kubernetes packages, check out the Artifact Hub.
Run Rancher K3s Anywhere and Everywhere
Pushing containers to a near-perfectly maintained Kubernetes service is one thing, but what if you want to mess with one in the wild of your Raspberry Pi farm? The K3s project from Rancher can do the trick. It’s ideal for any edge or IoT attempt at Kubernetes “clusterology,” as the maintainers put it in the README.
What makes K3s stand out as an option for local and lightweight clusters is its extensive range of supported devices. You can truly run Kubernetes anywhere with K3s. The fact that it downloads as a single binary means it includes all the functionality of a production Kubernetes configuration (sqlite3 is the default, but you can scale up to Etcd3 through its pluggable storage backend), and it is quite actively maintained by the team at Rancher and its 1,749 (to date) contributors.
Loft for Scaling the Team
Anyone can spin up a Minikube cluster as mentioned above with a call to
curl. But what if you want to collaborate with others? There are a ton of options at the intersection of cloud-native development tools and local development clusters.
The traditional option is to spin up some publicly accessible resources on a public cloud: AKS, EKS, DigitalOcean Managed Kubernetes, or one of the many others available. But anyone who has run a
hello world tutorial on a cloud service and forgotten to delete it knows that it will cost you a lot, and quickly.
Loft offers a set of services, including a UI and CLI, to further abstract the Kubernetes environments they’ll eventually run on in production. By doing so, you can set up a self-service experience without the same concern for isolation and budget.
Loft’s attention to isolation, especially with vClusters and their corresponding Spaces, gives every developer a real-world environment without the real-world hit to the budget. That can be quite the value to developers and department leads alike.
The value of Loft comes down to the speed of spinning up and down secure Kubernetes environments. One of their use cases mentions creating live demos of on-premises products in a single UI click. Thinking more selfishly, imagine demoing your latest production feature in its own isolated test case without mucking up your development cluster’s namespaces. That sounds good to me.
Additionally, Loft Labs recently hired the amazing Rich Burroughs, and that’s a good sign for the type of community they are putting together.
When working with a team, Loft makes a ton of sense.
Category 2: Simplify Feedback Loop
Skaffold for Hands-free Feedback Loops
Imagine you’re a developer (because you are) and you want to write an app that will run on Kubernetes (because you do). The amount of Kubernetes concepts you need to know, from running Node.js or Python applications to running containers on Kubernetes can feel like a wall of YAML. Thankfully, the good folks at Google wrote Skaffold to provide some much-needed scaffolding.
Don’t get me wrong: you will still need your code, a Dockerfile, a manifest file, and all the services associated with your pipeline. What Skaffold offers is a clean way to rerun your deployment pipeline after every change to your code. It’s known and loved by its users with quotes on the homepage from around the world.
You may relate to this feeling: running Skaffold feels like the first time I ran Vagrant instead of managing virtual machines by hand. Tasks that once took a ton of steps and were unreliable became straightforward and repeatable in a way that simplified everything else I did. Skaffold is set to do that for your testing and deployment feedback loop for Kubernetes.
Podman to Stop Managing Docker Daemons
While Dockerfiles may forever be the way we express a container, Docker itself is completely optional. Even Kubernetes itself is shifting its runtime away from Dockershim. I cannot recommend Podman enough as a replacement for running Docker locally, for the sole reason you don’t need to maintain a daemon service. Not messing with a daemon means less time fiddling and more time coding.
That distinction may be new to you, so to explain: Docker is both a client to interact with local containers and a daemon (aka server) managing the userspace where containers run. Nick Janetakis explains it perfectly here.
Like me, you may forget there is a distinction between the Docker client and server when everything is working correctly. That said, I too often see this message:
$ docker ps
$ Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
Now I am left with a choice. I could troubleshoot the Docker daemon and what service in my toolchain messed things up, or I could use something that doesn’t run into the same problem. I prefer the latter.
Podman gives you the option to run containers as a child process, removing the need for a separate daemon. That means I never get that error message, and my containers keep doing what they do.
You may be holding back from change because your muscle memory is too embedded. In that case, I highly recommend removing the
docker CLI and adding
alias docker=podman to your shell configuration file.
Tilt Really Understands Your App
While I covered a few different ways to manage your pipeline, I still find Tilt is the most thorough and visual way to see a continuous feedback loop from a Kubernetes-based application. The Tilt UI has incredibly succinct error catching that I find points out minor YAML errors before they become significant deployment errors. It also has customizable buttons to give you unique application-specific functionality, like flushing a message queue in your architecture between iterations.
Give Tilt a swing if you know you want to see the details without being overwhelmed by them.
Efficient Development Workflow with DevSpace
Do you love what
kubectl can do but lose track of the multitude of commands needed to get it to do what you want? Then you’re in luck, as DevSpace is an open source command-line utility that wraps your Kubernetes developer experience up in what will feel like a warm hug. It will manage a ton of the tedious tasks so you can treat a Pod like it’s running on your local system.
Additionally, if you have rather particular preferences, they can simply be added to the devspace.yaml declarative configuration file.
While it won’t be a one-to-one replacement for the scalpel that
kubectl provides, running DevSpace will give you a ton of sane default behaviors that will make interacting with real Kubernetes environments feel more like
Debug Faster with Lens IDE
Kubernetes projects like Minikube come out of the box with a sleek and straightforward GUI called Dashboard. It is an excellent read-focused view of the environment, but what if you want to do everything from a UI?
The most powerful option from the open source community is Lens. I really should not call it a GUI, because it’s feature-rich enough to be considered an IDE. You can do anything Kubernetes is capable of doing within Lens with a click of the button. What I most enjoy about Lens is its incredible thought context-specific options that help me learn the distinction of a service from a namespace from the many other resources that need to be known in Kubernetes land.
Category 3: IDE Dev Tools I Can’t Live Without
The Kubernetes Extension We All Need for VSCode
No Kubernetes development experience should be without an IDE that knows the difference between a Kubernetes resource and a Helm chart. That is where Visual Studio Code Kubernetes Tools shines. Anyone living in a Kubernetes world has to start by installing this one.
Make YAML More Manageable with This VSCode Plugin
Kubernetes developers have been described as YAML farmers, and I think the shoe fits nicely. While I like a structured domain-specific language as much as the next Kubernaut, I will take any help I can get with managing YAML itself. Thankfully the YAML Language Support extension, supported by Red Hat, helps me help myself.
It offers up a ton of autocompletion options on top of many additional nuanced options that help me out. All that said, the ability to right-click and choose to “Format Document” is worth its weight in gold alone.
Find Your Way Through Code with Footsteps
While not strictly a Kubernetes extension, I find navigating the YAML farm can lead me to losing track of where I left off. Where was I in my 2,000 line configuration file again? That’s when Footsteps shines a light on where my short-term memory has lost its footing. This brilliant extension, also for VSCode or its equivalents, will show you where you most recently edited a document through highlighted text. As you continue to edit code, Footsteps slowly fades those colors away, giving you a sense of your coding pattern. Install this and save yourself quite a few moments of feeling lost.
Wrapping Up
There is an unbelievable amount of tools out there to help Kubernetes developers and operators navigate this new paradigm of container orchestration. I like to think about them in three buckets: do they help me run Kubernetes, test Kubernetes, or code in a Kubernetes-aware manner? All three of these categories can lead you to well-maintained software in the open source ecosystem that will help you be a better YAML herder like the rest of us.
Photo by Cesar Carlevarino Aragon on Unsplash
Originally published at. | https://loft-sh.medium.com/11-of-the-best-open-source-kubernetes-tools-2021-edition-b4aa49487845?source=post_page-----b4aa49487845----------------------------------- | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | refinedweb | 1,988 | 59.43 |
React just got ugly - React 16.4 Update
There was a recent update to React, 16.4, that changed how
getDerivedStateFromProps works.
The main difference is that it’s now being called even on
state changes instead of, as the name suggests, just on
prop changes - which is the way it worked in 16.3.
If you don’t know about
getDerivedStateFromProps, it’s a
static lifecycle method introduced in React 16.3 to prepare for async rendering.
In 16.3 it was proposed as an alternative for
componentWillReceiveProps, which will be renamed to
UNSAFE_componentWillReceiveProps in
React 17 because it might cause issues with async rendering.
getDerivedStateFromProps is being added as a safer alternative to the legacy componentWillReceiveProps. - React 16.3
In my opinion, discouraging the use of
componentWillReceiveProps made it significantly more verbose to write components that have both local
state, and also derive part of their state from
props.
A fully controlled or fully uncontrolled component won’t have the problems that we’ll see now. So you should stick to these whenever possible, but in contrast to popular belief, we’re often faced with components that are neither fully controlled nor uncontrolled.
Let’s consider the following example. You have a
Page component that renders the text of the current page and lets you edit it.
So far,
Page can be uncontrolled - we keep the
text in
state and only update it when a button is pressed on the page, triggering an update to the parent component.
Now, let’s add pagination: The parent component has a button that allows you to go to the next page, which will re-render your
Page component with a new
text prop.
This should now discard the local state in the
Page component and render the text of the new page instead.
Here’s a codesandbox of the app:
The
App:
class App extends React.Component { state = { pages: ["Hello from Page 0", "Hello from Page 1", "Hello from Page 2"], currentPage: 0 }; onNextPage = () => { this.setState({ currentPage: (this.state.currentPage + 1) % this.state.pages.length }); }; onUpdate = value => { const { pages, currentPage } = this.state; this.setState( { pages: [ ...pages.slice(0, currentPage), value, ...pages.slice(currentPage + 1) ] } ); }; render() { const currentPageText = this.state.pages[this.state.currentPage]; return ( <div style={styles}> <Page value={currentPageText} onUpdate={this.onUpdate} /> <button onClick={this.onNextPage}>Next Page</button> </div> ); } }
And here’s the first try to implement the
Page component:
import React from "react"; export default class Page extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { value: props.value, }; } componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) { // if new value props was received, overwrite state // happens f.i. when changing pages this.setState({ value: nextProps.value }); } // ALTERNATIVE: using getDerivedStateFromProps static getDerivedStateFromProps(props, state) { return { value: props.value }; } onChange = event => { this.setState({ value: event.target.value }); }; onSave = () => { this.props.onUpdate(this.state.value); }; render() { return ( <div style={{ display: "flex", alignItems: "center", justifyContent: "center" }} > <textarea value={this.state.value} onChange={this.onChange} /> <button onClick={this.onSave}>Save</button> </div> ); } }
The bug
The important thing to point out here is the use of
componentWillReceiveProps or
getDerivedStateFromProps to update the local
text state when the page changed.
But right now, the Page component has a bug (even though it’s not noticeable in the way it is used right now). We reset the state on every re-render. This is because of how
componentWillReceiveProps /
getStateDerivedFromProps worked:
componentWillReceiveProps: Note that if a parent component causes your component to re-render, this method will be called even if props have not changed. Make sure to compare the current and next values if you only want to handle changes. React Documentation
Now here’s the fun part: Having this (buggy?) code that worked perfectly fine in our example app, doesn’t work anymore in React 16.4 when you’re using
getDerivedStateFromProps:
The
onChange on the
textarea triggers a
setState which itself triggers a
getDerivedStateFromProps which sets the state again to the old
text from
props. Which means you cannot write in the
textarea anymore.
The main problem with this code is that it was not resilient to re-renders. Because of this seemingly breaking change, there’s a huge GitHub issue if this behavior in React 16.4 shouldn’t be considered a breaking change which would require a major version bump.
The solution
The point I’m trying to make is a different one, however. It gets clear when we look at the suggested solution which fixes this bug: As stated above, we need to compare the current and next values of props before setting the state.
This was easy for
componentWillReceiveProps:
componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) { // if new value props was received, overwrite state // happens f.i. when changing pages if (nextProps.value !== this.props.value) { this.setState({ value: nextProps.value }); } }
But not so easy with
static getDerivedStateFromProps: It’s static and we only receive
(props, state) as arguments. To compare
props with
prevProps we have to save
prevProps in
state to be able to access it.
constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { prevProps: props, value: props.value, }; } static getDerivedStateFromProps(props, state) { // comment this "if" and see the component break if (props.value !== state.prevProps.value) { return { prevProps: props, value: props.value }; } }
That’s ugly
Now take a step back. Think about the simplicity of the app and what we’re trying to achieve: A text field. And then look at the solution code again.
There’s clearly something wrong with React when this is the recommended way to handle such a fundamental use-case in React 16.4. To me, it feels hacky having to save the previous
props in the
state. There should be an easier way to do that. (You could also (ab)use the
key attribute and do a full remount of the
Page component avoiding
getDerivedStateFromProps. This is described in another article, or this one. But that doesn’t feel polished either.)
I sincerely hope that the React team’s initiative to push async rendering doesn’t further come at the cost of React’s usability in everyday scenarios like the one above.
React 16.4 feels like a step backward after so many great and useful features in React 16.3.
Without using
componentWillReceiveProps there is no simple way to just listen to
props changes anymore or access previous
props. | https://cmichel.io/react-just-got-ugly-with-16-4-update | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | refinedweb | 1,045 | 58.28 |
Assertive Expressive
Website / API / User Guide / Report Issue / Source Code
About
Assertive Expressive (AE) is an assertions framework intended for reuse by any TDD, BDD or similar system.
Features
- Clear, simple and concise syntax.
- Uses higher-order functions and fluid notation.
- Reusable core extensions ease assertion construction.
- Core extensions are standardized around Ruby Facets.
- But Facets is not a dependency; the extensions are built-in.
- Easily extensible allowing for alternate notations.
- Eats it's own dog food.
Synopsis
AE defines the method
assert. It's is compatible with the method
as defined by Test::Unit and MiniTest, which verifies truth of a
single argument (and can accept an optional failure message).
assert(true)
In addition AE's
assert method has been extended to accept a block,
the result of which is likewise verified.
assert{true}
But the real power the AE's +assert+ method lies in it's use
without argument or block. In that case it returns an instance of
Assertor. An
Assertor is an Assertions Functor, or
Higher-Order Function. It is a function that operates on
another function. With it, we can make assertions like so:
x.assert == y a.assert.include? e StandardError.assert.raised? do ... end
And so forth. Any method can be used in conjunction with +assert+ to make an assertion. Eg.
class String def daffy? /daffy/i =~ self end end "Daffy Duck".assert.daffy?
When an assertion fails an Assertion exception is raised. Any test framework can catch this exception and process it accordingly. Technically the framework should check to see that the exception object responds affirmatively to the #assertion? method. This way any type of exception can be used as a means of assertion, not just AE's Assertion class.
Please have a look at the QED and API documentation to learn more.
Integration
Generally speaking, AE can be used with any test framework simply by putting
require 'ae' in a test helper script. However to fully
integrate with a test framework and ensure the test framework recognizes
AE assertions (as more than just exceptions) and to ensure assertion
counts are correct, a little extra interfacing code may be necessary.
Lucky for you AE has already done the leg work for the most common test frameworks:
require 'ae/adapters/testunit' require 'ae/adapters/minitest' require 'ae/adapters/rspec'
(Note that Cucumber does not need an adapter.)
AE also includes a script that will automatically detect the current test framework by checking for the existence of their respective namespace modules.
require 'ae/adapter'
Nomenclature
With AE, defining assertions centers around the #assert method. So assert can be thought of as AE's primary nomenclature. However, variant nomenclatures have been popularized by other test frameworks, in particular should and must. If you prefer one of them terms, AE provides optional libraries that can loaded for utilizing them.
require 'ae/should' require 'ae/must'
By loading one of these scripts (or both) into your test system (e.g. via a test helper script) you gain access to subjunctive terminology. See the API documentation for the Subjunctive module for details.
Legacy
To ease transition from TestUnit style assertion methods, AE provides a TestUnit legacy module.
require 'ae/legacy'
This provides a module
AE::Legacy::Assertions which is included in AE::World
and can be mixed into your test environment to provide old-school assertion
methods, e.g.
assert_equal(foo, bar, "it failed")
Installation
Gem Installs
Install AE in the usual fashion:
$ gem install ae
Site Installs
Local installation requires Setup.rb.
$ gem install setup
Then download the tarball package from GitHub and do:
$ tar -xvzf ae-1.0.0.tgz $ cd ae-1.0.0.tgz $ sudo setup.rb all
Windows users use 'ruby setup.rb all'.
Contributing
If you would like to contribute code to the AE project, for the upstream repository and create a branch for you changes. When your changes are ready for review (and no, they do not have to 100% perfect if you still have some issues you need help working out).
It you need to personally discuss some ideas or issue you try to get up with us via the mailing list or the IRC channel.
Unless otherwise provided for by the originating author, this program is distributed under the terms of the BSD-2-Clause license. Portions of this program may be copyrighted by others.
See the NOTICE.rdoc file for details.
AE is a Rubyworks project. | http://www.rubydoc.info/github/rubyworks/ae | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | refinedweb | 738 | 58.08 |
Read Also : Frequently asked Java Collections Interview Questions
Difference between HashMap and HashSet
1. Duplicates : HashSet does not allow duplicate values , in other words, adding a duplicate value leaves the HashSet object unchanged.
If the HashMap previously contain the mapping for the key, the old value is replaced. HashMap does not allow duplicate keys. In other words, HashMap duplicate values can exist in HashMap.
2. Dummy value : There is no concept of dummy value in HashMap .
HashSet internally uses HashMap to add elements. In HashSet , the argument passed in add(Object) method serves as key K . we need to associate dummy value (automatically created by jdk) for each value passed in add(Object) method.
3. Implementation : HashMap implements Map interface, while HashSet implements Set interface.
4. Number of objects during add(put) operation : HashMap requires two objects put(K key , V Value) to add an element to HashMap object.
HashSet requires only one object add(Object o) .
5. Adding or Storing mechanism : HashMap internally uses hashing to add or store objects. HashSet internally uses HashMap object to add or store the objects.
Example of HashMap and HashSet in Java
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;public class HashMapHashSetExample { public static void main(String[] args) {
HashSet<String> hashsetobj = new HashSet<String>(); hashsetobj.add("Alive is awesome"); hashsetobj.add("Love yourself"); System.out.println("HashSet object output :"+ hashsetobj);
HashMap
hashmapobj = new HashMap (); hashmapobj.put("Alive is ", "awesome"); hashmapobj.put("Love", "yourself"); System.out.println("HashMap object output :"+hashmapobj);
} }
Output : HashSet object output :{Love yourself, Alive is awesome}
HashMap object output :{Alive is =awesome, Love=yourself}
Similarities between HashMap and HashSet
1. Performance : Performance of add,put,remove operations are almost same i.e constant time for HashSet and HashMap. It is incorrect to say HashMap is faster than HashSet.
2. Insertion Order : Both HashMap and HashSet does not guarantee that the order will remain constant over time.
3. Unsynchronized : Both HashMap and HashSet implementation is unsynchronized.
4. Iterator type : Iterator's returned by both (HashMap and HashSet) class's iterator and collection view methods are fail-fast. find detailed explanation here fail-safe vs fail-fast in java.
When to use HashMap and HashSet in Java ?
The only time we need to prefer HashSet over HashMap when we are asked to maintain uniqueness in our collection object. Otherwise , always prefer HashMap over HashSet as HashSet is just a wrapper around HashMap.
Recap : Difference between HashMap and HashSet in Java
In case you have any other query or doubts regarding difference between HashMap and HashSet in Java then please mention in the comments . | http://javahungry.blogspot.com/2015/06/difference-between-hashset-and-hashmap-in-java-with-example.html | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | refinedweb | 432 | 51.24 |
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-83418377783126000842014-10-04T21:52:13.093-07:00أمير مصرAdam Gallagher Then There Were None; Paradise Lost; Gallagher’s Travels; The Return of The Prince; The Last Falafel<span style="font-style:italic;">Ended the semester with way too many blog post titles up my sleeve so I’m throwing them all in here now.<br /><br />Also, in Googling “And Then There Were None” to make sure it was actually the title of that book I read in sixth grade, I found the original title was “Ten Little N*****s”, who knew! That would have been SO much harder to incorporate into a blog post, so I thank the East Aurora Middle School for buying the later editions.</span><br /> <br />It better not be any colder than 50 degrees when I get home tomorrow, because that’s how cold it’s been in Egypt and I’m pretty sure I have acquired frostbite. It even went so far as to snow in Jordan and other parts of the Middle East, setting off another wave of global warming denials from my magazine writing class. Now they’re claiming it is a Western myth to prevent them from industrializing like we did. It was too awkward for me to tell them it’s because we industrialized the way we did that global warming exists, and hence they should really be more careful than we were and I’m really sorry about that. <br /><br />My international development class has turned out to be no help in such arguments, as the underlying thesis of the class turned out to be international development is nigh impossible and the world would be better off without neo-colonialist USAID. Despite the obvious implications of scratching USAID’s budget (I wouldn’t have anywhere to spend my summers reading resumes), with all that cash we could buy at least one, if not two, fighter jets, which are way more exciting than building schools anyway. <br /><br />My media ethics course ended without much fanfare. Last night when I was supposed to be studying for today’s final, <a href="">Celine Dion’s “All by Myself”</a> was finally surpassed as the most played song on my iPod by <a href="">“Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)” by Mariah Carey</a>, who I like to imagine is singing to me. I’m a-coming Mariah! The exam, I thought, was challenging. <br /><br />Perhaps, shockingly, the class I learned the most from this week was Romantic Literature. It had started like any other lecture, but then suddenly my professor fell into a Professor Trelawny (of Harry Potter fame, who gets a prophecy right about once every 15 years)-like trance, the girl next to me stopped snoring, and I snapped out of a day dream. He was talking about some character I didn’t know from some poem I didn’t read, but he said, “Here Prometheus asks the Gods never to feel pain, regret, guilt, or discomfort. Seems to me he is wishing away the human experience, something I would never wish for.” <span style="font-style:italic;">This is why Dumbledore hired him.</span> And just like that he snapped back to his abstract, boring self, the girl next to me resumed her snoring, and I was left to ponder the wisdom of this eccentric academic.<br /> <br />This logic out of the blue very much applies to my time in Egypt. If you have read any of my previous posts, you’ll notice I focus on the times of hardship (i.e. camels, taxies and sandstorms). But for me the hard times are what made Egypt the great experience it was. I wanted to go somewhere not yet Westernized, and Egypt was just on the brink. And while I have had fun blogging about the difficulties involved in getting anything done here, I am grateful for the opportunity to experience what life is like in places where everything is not always so easy. And that is not a knock on you Madrid kids; I read your statuses about how hard it is to navigate the Madrid metro drunk. But I’m just really glad I got the chance to live in Egypt, but I’m even gladder it was only for four months.<br /><br />It has always been my intention for this blog to go out on top, but then I couldn’t very well stop blogging my second day in Egypt. So I appreciate everyone taking the time to read my long, grammatically incorrect, drawn-out stories/thoughts. I’ve actually enjoyed blogging so much I considered agreeing to the many requests to continue once stateside (Emily vaguely mentioned it on my wall, and Katherine, Su, and Leslie liked it). But I fear that blog would become too much like Gossip Girl, a very, very boring Gossip Girl: <br />W challenged D to a FIFA game today, D won, W made a sandwich. Looks like somebody is eating his words, and his feelings!” <br />xoxo Plucky Peeper <br /><br /><br /> Then The Eagle is holding a contest, “The Eagle’s Next Great Pundit” (who was their last?) to recruit a new columnist, but they’re making it incredibly strict by ruling out personal attacks and unsourced information. As my remarks within parentheses often indicate, two-thirds of my posts are made up of unsourced personal attacks. The other third? Titles. <br /><br />So in a few hours, I am going to step onto a plane and leave Egypt, the blogosphere, and my beloved falafel behind. Do not ask for whom the departing flight bell tolls; it tolls for me.<img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher Day in ParadiseThis morning I woke up sore from playing the beautiful game all of yesterday afternoon, went to the kitchen to eat my ten cent fig bagel, and walked out into gorgeous 80 degree weather. Does it get better than this?<br /><br />I’m writing this post for the benefit of <a href="">my poor snowbound city</a>, which is having its yearly Snowpocalypse, and is surely in need of something pleasant to read. What is exciting and fun in DC has become what <a href="">Joe Wenner would create a blog to say</a> is “trite” in Buffalo. But I guess this storm is worse than usual? Good thing the Egyptians in my magazine writing class assured me global warming is a western myth. Whatevs, they’re the ones who built their nation in a flood basin. Let’s see how their precious ancient irrigation techniques work when the polar ice cap melts. But anyway, with all the Western New York suburban police and state troopers working hard to free stranded motorists, who is harassing the underage youth and <a href="">creating fake Facebook accounts</a> to find out where all the hot parties are? The whole situation seems dangerous to me. <br /><br />The holidays are here and I have a holiday story! So, Thanksgiving came about and Emily, Maddie, and Zoya all traveled away from Cario. Cue us moving into their apartment for the weekend, in order to prepare a feast. Traveling down on Wednesday night, Ryan, Richie, and I woke up early around noon to get things rolling. Pat met up with us and we knocked the shopping out of the way. We had to settle for a chicken because we were too cheap to buy a turkey. And this chicken was FROZEN. Like, one of the most frozen chickens I’ve encountered in my young life. Fortunately, the internet said we could cook a frozen chicken. Unfortunately, Momma Gallagher said we had to remove the bag of innards from the chicken before we could cook it. Turns out chickens don’t defrost as quickly as you’d hope they would, and in retrospect maybe we should have gotten up even earlier than 12. But there was no time to dwell on past mistakes, so we promptly ladled boiling water into the chicken for the next hour. Finally, things felt like they loosened up in there. By this time Andrew Daly and his roommate John had shown up. Richie reached into the semi-thawed chicken, and excitedly proclaimed, “Got it.” What he withdrew though was no innard, or what is normally an innard, but instead the head and neck of the chicken, and we all freaked out. I’m not sure if this is standard fare in cooking chickens, but it shook us up pretty bad. I mean Richie had just pulled a chicken’s head out of a chicken’s anus; there was a certain shock factor that maybe I’m not conveying. Anyway, we continued to pour boiling water and finally the bag of innards came out and we cooked the bird. All other parts of the meal came together very nicely, aided by the arrival of the token girl, Kiki, who made things run a bit smoother and made an excellent Arabian desert. And when we took the chicken out of the oven and John prepared to slice and dice it, Kiki told us we were morons and that we had actually cooked a turkey! A Thanksgiving miracle! We did have to admit that it would have been a pretty large chicken, and closer inspection of the anus-head did reveal some turkey-like features. But the meal turned out to be wunderbar, very filling, and only Pat and I got seriously sick. All in all, a very happy Thanksgiving. <br /> <br />But it isn’t a complete paradise here. Sure, I’ll always have the weather, prices, and abundant soccer, but there is more to life than that. For instance, the janitor who comes in everyday to mop our floor has developed the habit of taking his break after opening the door, but before doing any cleaning. Coincidentally, we are seeing a lot more bugs in the apartment, and every day I wake up with at least three new bites. <br /><br />And then my lap top contracted a virus, probably from watching soccer games on illegal sites (at least that’s what I told my dad). This coincided poorly with me actually having work to do, and has since forced me into the dorm computer lab. But it’s not so bad in there, as I get to hang with the Egyptian students here on scholarship who don’t have lap tops to ruin. There is Shady Samy (his real name), Mighty Magded (not his real name), and about seven Achmed’s. We have a good time, the only real difference of opinion coming from my desire to listen to Christmas music and their desire to <a href="">youtube explanations of mathematical equations</a>. Guys, I got a 2 on my AP Calculus exam (thank you multiple choice), if you have a question just ask! <br /><br />And o! the work. It is like I’m at a real college doing a real major (something I haven’t experienced since freshman year, if you count international relations as a real major). 8 page paper here, 10 page paper there, power point presentations galore, a long feature story, and then finals. All in the next two weeks! Which means I should probably stop procrastinating, and start applying some original analysis to this romantic literature that has been lying in front of me for the last week. Hey guys, can you turn down the Pythagorean Theorem?<img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher de Falafel Part Three: We Three Wise MenSo on to the Holy Land! After taking a bus with some child soldiers (they were supposed to be 18; I have my doubts) up to Jerusalem, I was ready to begin my religious pilgrimage. Traveling with two more or less Catholics in Pat and Ryan, I had a lot of catching up to do on religious history. My sense of monotheism has almost exclusively been shaped by a combination of Mark Twain (“God created man because he was disappointed in the monkey”) and Monty Python (“<a href="">Blessed are the cheese makers</a>”). But between Pat and Ryan they could usually figure out what we were looking at, and I touched some pretty cool things!<br /><br />When we got off the bus I got yelled at for taking a picture of taking a picture of the Kosher McDonalds. Five minutes later I got yelled by our taxi driver for closing the door too hard. It’s hard going from a land of lawlessness like Cairo to somewhere so rigid. And every old man sounds like Jerry Stiller. I made the mistake of asking for the meter and the cab driver went on for ten minutes about how I was wasting money and could have gotten the ride for less without the meter. We were staying right in the Old City, in this room that looked like it might have housed a couple crusaders in the day. That first night we just walked around a little bit before hitting the nightlife area. It is pretty crazy, because more people carry handguns there than anywhere else I’ve been. Which must make for interesting bar fights! <br /><br />The next day we were up bright and early for our tour of the city. We bought some man-sized bagels and headed out of the city, up Mt. Olives, and looked out over the city. It was pretty cool because you could see the Dome of the Rock and everything. There was some talk of perhaps the Garden of Eden being in the vicinity, but Mark Twain was <a href="">pretty clear</a> that the Garden was in Western New York. Already my worldview was changing. Then we went to the Old City, where we learned that it was divided into the Christian Quarter, Jewish Quarter, Muslim Quarter, and the Armenian Quarter. Favorite quarter? Obviously the Muslim Quarter where the same falafel cost half as much. But we did visit the Church of Nativity where we did such everyday things as touch the rock Jesus was buried on and saw the cave (now a hut) he was buried in. <br /><br />Then we went to the Jewish quarter where there was schnitzel aplenty and touched the Western Wall. Best part: free yarmulkes for everyone! I don’t know the technology involved, but it never once fell off my kurbiskopf. My day got even better when this couple on the tour with us, who bear an uncanny resemblance to Aunt Peggy and Uncle Bruce (that comment was for Ashley), bought the three of us lunch. Had I known they were buying, I would have got shawerma, but I’ve never been one to complain about a free falafel. Next we went to the Holocaust Museum, which was decidedly not funny. I would say it is more depressing than DC’s museum but it falls short of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp in Austria. Oh the sights I’ve seen! <br /><br />That night we headed back downtown where we ran into the air force guys we know from AUC. We wanted to have kind of an early night because we wanted to go to mass in the Church of Nativity. But this one place looped us in, and you don’t walk away from 3 for 1 drink specials, and you definitely don’t walk away from a bottomless bowl of popcorn. <br /><br />Long story short, we did not make it to mass the next morning. But we did rouse ourselves to go to Bethlehem, where I touched the spot Jesus was born. In order to do though I had to take part in a slow motion stampede, during which I took back everything nice I’ve ever said about Indians as a people (sorry Divya, Gayan, Meera, Cassie(?)). Ryan, Pat and I found ourselves stuck in the middle of their tour group, and while some of them were nice, others insisted on drinking my water and continuously pushing. My favorite part is when one of them accused Ryan of holding up the line, despite the hundred people in front of him who were not moving. We took some pretty epic pictures that will illuminate the experience better for you, as soon as I get my laptop back in shape. <br /> <br />After exiting the hell that was Jesus’s birthplace we quickly stopped by the place where the shepherds were informed of Jesus’s birth. It was a pretty cool field, but you didn’t get the sense that it couldn’t have been the field next to that one. I’m just glad they kept track all these years/had the presence of mind to remember where they were standing. But what was cool was driving along the wall that fences in Palestine. For reasons unknown to me it was all in English, and some of it was pretty funny like “I want my ball back!” Then we went through the checkpoint, and I don’t know what the Palestinians are complaining about, no one questioned my American passport at all. <br /><br />That night we went out with Ryan’s predecessor Gabe (PKE president past and present? Like dining with royalty!), who is on his yeshiva, which is when Jewish men go study the Torah to get closer to the religion. We met up with his friends, and they weren’t radical, militant Jews! I guess that is what I’m taking away from the trip; everyone we met seems pretty reasonable (except for the Israeli falafel dealers; 20 shekels for a falafel, JOKES!). They did explain some questions I had about the whole sitch, but it was another one of those three for one drink nights, so you’ll just have to believe me it all made sense at the time. <br /><br />Next morning we successfully made it to mass. My Latin is a little rusty, but overall I thought it was a pretty good sermon. Favorite part: obviously the free cookie. Ryan and Pat waited in line to get into the cave/hut Jesus was unsuccessfully buried in, and just when they got in one very angry priest decided it was time to clean it, but the bros joined a group of nuns in charging in. Obviously, this wasn’t the angry priests first rodeo, as he didn’t hesitate in squirting water on the on rushers. When that didn’t work, he collared Ryan like an experienced bartender and threw him out. Pat got an excellent shot of an angry priest hand coming down on his camera, which I’ll post here when Pat gets it up.<br /><br />But alas it was time once more to return to the Land of Sand. We decided to cut out Tel Aviv for the simple reason that the bus we were planning to catch doesn’t run on Saturdays, which are the Jewish holiday. Added to the fact we had spent too many shekels on man sized bagels, outrageously priced falafel, and obligatory schnitzel, we knew it was time to return to whence we came. We left our hostel at 9 in the morning, but were too late to buy tickets for the 10 o’clock bus to the border. That meant another four hours of waiting at the bus station, a specialty of ours. It did give us occasion to try the Kosher Burger at McDonalds, which Pat claimed made him the most full he’s ever been at a Mickie D’s. Someone obviously missed Shrek week at that fine dining establishment this summer. After that it was just a five hour ride to the border, an exit tax from Israel, an hour to cross, an entry tax for Egypt, and a six hour ride home to Cairo. Plenty of time to get to know Pat and Ryan. <br /><br />And so ended the journey of the life time. And now only six classes of Romantic Literature (three weeks) until I make my triumphant return to America. Halleluiah!<img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher de Falafel Part Two: House Hassem<span style="font-style:italic;">LAPTOP DOWN! Sorry my pictures end abruptly with Lebanon, but my laptop is out of commission at the moment. Also, the computer I’m typing on apparently doesn’t have spell check, so hopefully you’ll be able to sound out this post!</span><br /><br />To understand my visit to Jordan it is first necessary to understand my relationship to Hassem. In Connecticut Heights (DC’s best kept secret), I live above a delightful man named Rateb, a frequent commenter on my pictures you may have noticed. He would occasionally come up to our room to learn English, and seeing as he brought tea and chicken, of course I was willing to oblige. You might also be able to tell fom his comments he is a better cook than I am a tutor. Anyways, when I told Rateb I was going to Jordan he insisted his friend Hassem would take care of us the whole time we were there and not to worry about anything. From that point onward Hassem sent me texts in Arabic to which I replied to in English, and a friendship was formed.<br /><br />We got off the plane, transferred our Lebanese money into Jordan dinars (which are actually better than the dollar) and met Hassem. He is the most cartoon-like person I have ever met, and I loved him for it. He spoke absolutely no English, and you all know my Arabic capabilities. But he knew animal sounds! Whenever we would pass a donkey, you could rely on an EEE-AHH EEEE-AHHHH. And we would laugh and laugh and laugh. We got a taxi for the day and first stop, some church in Amman! I didn’t catch the significance of it, but if I can find out from Pat or Ryan I will definitely update this post. Of more significance was the rug store outside, where Pat and Ryan got beautiful Bedouin made rugs. I considered it, but turned back at the last minute due to my hatred of vacuuming. <br /><br />Then we hit up the Mountain of Nebo, where Moses died. Those of you who are going to heaven will know that Moses wasn’t allowed into Israel for the unforgivable crime of tapping the rock twice. Anyway it offered a great view of the Holy Land and had some pretty funny mosaics. <br /><br />Next stop, the Dead Sea! Famous for its magical floating capabilities, it made for the ultimate photoshoot. And while Hassem took awhile to learn my best angles in a swim suit, we’ve got some pretty awesome pics of us doing what we do best, floating. Also, I set a new PR for treading water. Often this summer, I would challenge the freakish Katie Wood (she has webbed toes) to treading competetions, and now I think I can finally beat her (I feel bad now, she doesn’t actually have web toes (on second thought, I’ve never asked her if she does or doesn’t, you decide)). As I said, Connecticut Heights, where the fun never stops. <br /><br />Then we headed back into downtown Amman, where I sampled the local falafel and shawerma. It was here that Hassem made the association of me with shawerma, and at random points throughout the trip he would look at me, laugh, shake his head and say shawerma. Also when I tried to tell him I played soccer he just shouted shawerma and started laughing. Do I look like a shawerma? We walked around the city, with Hassem trying to buy everything for us. By the end he had gotten us this delicious cheese-sugar combination desert, sugar cane juice, and sheesha, which Ryan became associated with for the rest of the trip. Then we headed to Rateb’s house, which is in Amman. Two hours later, we mustered up the courage to mime where the hell are we. Hassem turns around, “House Hassem”, and hands us his phone. We should have expected the unexpected, but none of us were prepared for the porn that we dutifully watched for five exceedingly awkward minutes before returning it to him. “Great sex?” asked Hassem. Due to language/culture barriers, all we could do was nod. That night we slept on couches in Hassem’s house. Just me, Ryan, Pat and our taxi driver Mohammad, WORST ROOMMATE EVER. Up until midnight watching his Arab comedies, then snoring like a fighter jet the whole night, and then getting text messages every five seconds from 6:30 until 8. I would’ve talked to RA Hassem but when I walked into his room he was sleeping on the floor next to “his” bed, leading me to believe we weren’t actually at House Hassem. <br /><br />The breakfast was amazing though. We have long planned to open a falafel shop in DC when we get back, but Hassem gav eme a great idea. Jumbo Pita, a direct competitor to Jumbo Slice. You get a huge pita, and can put anything you want on it from jam to hummus. Then there was dates (which I was hesitant to eat, but when Mohammad said every good Muslim should eat 7 a day I had to oblige) and yogurt. We carbed up big time for our trip down to Petra. <br /><br />I feel like not many people know Petra. I didn’t before I went. But it is one of the coolest old places in the world. It is an entire ancient city carved into rock. Oh I should mention by this time we were traveling with Hissam, Hassem’s brother (though we didn’t figure out their relationship til much later). The five of us made our way through the ancient city, taking pictures at will. There is not an oddly shaped rock I didn’t stand on. Something to look forward to when my computer comes back to life! An awkward moment came when we were driving away, and this little kid was wearing a Quincy Carter Cowboys jersey. I didn’t know they even made those. So we all go to take a picture and he walks in front of these three attractive European girls, who turn around and think we’re taking a picture of them. Hassem doesn’t help by turning back to us and yelling “Beautiful?!” Then traffic stopped and we were right next to these girls. All we could do was nod. <br />Then we were back on the road and ate dinner in the Red Sea resort town of Aqaba, all expenses paid by Hassem of course. After dinner we made our way to the beach, where we sat a few feet into the water, smoked sheesha and drank coffee. Sheesha apparently is the international language, because we had a great time despite not being able to communicate too well. Ryan was accused of trying to eat the sheesha, and then of getting high from the sheesha. He denies both counts. <br /><br />That night, we parted company with Brothers Hassam and Hissam, and left part of our hearts with them. We posted up at the Bedouin Garden hotel, right on the Red Sea. Apparently, the only local beer comes in 20 ounce cans with a 10% alcohol level. Who knew? We spent the night on the beach reflecting that this was only the fifth night since leaving Cairo and we had already done Beirut and driven across the whole of Jordan. <br /><br />The next morning we ate breakfast, swam for a bit in the Red Sea (my third time, has to be some sort of record), and got ready to go to Israel. Well, Ryan and Pat got ready; I was last in line for the shower. The taxi came while Pat was in the shower, so I called in urgently that the cab was here. “Message received,” was the nonchalant answer I got. It obviously wasn’t because he wasn’t out for another ten minutes. I think part of the reason we got through Israeli security so quickly was the guards didn’t want me anywhere near them. But hey, we had made it to the Holy Land!<img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher de Falafel Part 1:The Thriving Beirut Night Life As Imagined From My Bathroom FloorThe minute of our big trip had finally arrived. And then it passed. And 65 ones like it. It became a race of which would happen first, Pat being ready to leave, or the taxi cab we ordered for 7 pm coming. At 7:45 we had to let a cab go because Pat wasn’t with us yet. When he did join us 15 minutes later, he opened with, “OK, so who is the asshole we’re waiting for?” It was such an open-ended I didn’t know how to answer it so we all just laughed. Pat redeemed himself by getting us a ride in someone else’s taxi and we were off to Beirut!<br /><br />It was 1 am when we got there, and we were so amped up we just walked around the city. You would think we would have felt more cautious, but the Lebanese army was out in force and we didn’t stray into western Beirut. My two connotations of Lebanon coming in were that Lebanese women are among the most beautiful in the world and that the country will occasionally have a civil war. Walking around so early in the morning, there was little evidence of the former but great evidence of the latter. From what I gather there was a four way civil war (new twist to the game?) starting in the 70’s that lasted until 1990. Kanye was right that the prettiest people do the ugliest things; almost every building in some neighborhoods had bullet holes in them, including our hotel. Looming over the city is the former Holiday Inn, a specter of the days when 250,000 civilians were killed and many more were forced into exile. We were just taking it all in at a small sheesha café when we met Michael. Michael was a pistol-toting intellectual who discussed with us his political party which campaigns to join Syria. I was dubious at first, hardly seems good politics to campaign for the end of political sovereignty of the nation you are in. But then he bought us coffee and I saw his point.<br /><br />Beirut is a very western city, due in large part to the French colonization and a huge Christian population. This westernization was very apparent on the walk back to the hotel. First of all, the very fact they were selling pizza makes it western, and the other fact that a guy tried to trade a piece of pizza for a night of romance with Pat is another indicator. Language was a bit of a barrier, but it was pretty apparent the pizza was coming with strings attached. According to Ryan this wasn’t unusual because the majority of the gay population in the Middle East lives in Beirut. I still think it was unusual.<br /><br />The next day we pretty much just bummed around the city. We walked along the Corniche, which is like a boardwalk of sorts. The Lebanese were all fishing and swimming in the Mediterranean and we were taking pictures of everything, but we eventually made it all the way down to see the Pigeon Rocks. Then we went to check out the souk, which we thought was going to be a authentic market place like the Khan in Cairo but turned out to look like Georgetown in DC. Each US dollar is 1,500 Lebanese pounds, so just imagine a Gucci handbag cost multiplied by 1,500 and you’ll have an idea of the sticker shock we experienced. <br /><br />But then it was time for the famous Beirut night life! The New York Times, despite being run by the Zionists, still said Beirut was the best place to go in 2009. It being 2010 at the time of writing, it can’t have fallen far down the list. So we got ready to go clubbing and headed to a cool bar to start the night off. After my first beer I vomited in the bathroom. I thought it was odd, as normally I don’t get smashed until after my third beer, but I chalked it up to being too full from an epic falafel eaten just hours before. After my second beer I was begging the taxi driver not to aim for the speed bumps as we sped back to our hotel, where I spent the rest of the night.<br /><br />Due to the ferociousness and brevity of The Sickness I have concluded it was food poisoning. The thing is that everything I ate in Beirut Pat and Ryan also ate, so I have to conclude that it was the pound of dates I ate before getting on the plane to Lebanon. Not an irrational conclusion! But yeah, I had Maddie, my date dealer, pick me up a batch for Wednesday’s Blackburn game. Unfortunately she couldn’t get them Wednesday so got them for me Thursday instead. I knew there wasn’t much wisdom in eating an entire batch of street fruit before a big trip, but I have an eating problem. But no more! As Kate Moss would say, nothing tastes as good as not sleeping on a bathroom floor feels. That night I gather Pat and Ryan barhopped before making it a club our hotel manager had recommended, which apparently sucked as much as our hotel manager. But they saved the night by going back to the sheesha café and getting some more pizza, hopefully by paying for it.<br /><br />The next day we took a tour of Beirut. Our tour guide Ronnie was pretty funny and pretty knowledgeable. In fact, the tour turned into more of a lecture on the complex zoning and squatting rules of the city. Turns out it is really hard to tear down an abandoned building in Lebanon; much easier to wait til the next civil war and hope it becomes part of the collateral damage. My favorite part of the tour was when Ronnie asked what the national tree of India was, and an Indian guy celebrated getting the right answer by cheering, “Yeah, Indian guy!” Is it racist to say that Indians have become funnier as a people sinse Aziz Ansari made it big? Well, anyways I hope my facebook friendships with Divya, Meera, Gayan and Cassie(?) prove that I’m not. By the way the ? denotes my skepticism of Cassie’s ancestry, not my facebook friendship with her. But other things we saw on the tour include Roman baths, the President’s house, and Martyrs’ Square, where all the cool kids go to protest/incite unrest. Also on the tour I learned the Lebanese constitution mandates certain positions be held by certain religions. So like the President has to be Christian. Imagine having to formalize something like that. Are the Lebanese on to something here? Can we expect a new constitutional amendment in America, given how Barack’s assumed Muslimness nearly disqualified him from our highest office?<br /><br />After the tour I went back to regain my strength, seeing as the previous night I had lost every liquid in my body. Ryan and Pat went out again though to make more of an effort to get every bit of liquid in their bodies as they could, and they dropped a good amount of money doing so. The highlights, from what I gather, were Pat falling asleep at the bar, Ryan falling in love with the bar tender, and hanging out with Michael again while he was carrying two pistols in his belt. They came back pretty out of it. <br /><br />Two hours after they returned to the hotel room we were at the Beirut Airport, and seeing as we made good time we had about an hour before the flight took off. So we parked ourselves ten feet in front of the gate. Understandably Ryan and Pat fell asleep, but luckily I had a good night’s sleep so I kept watch. Unluckily I tried to read my romantic literature, so the next thing I know I was woken up by the airport worker who was screaming LAST CALL FOR AMMAN! That would have been bad. But we made it. Next stop, Jordan!<img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher Case You're Looking For MeGone are the days when I would wake up and my greatest concern is where to break my ridiculous 200 pound bill. You would think a nation that traffics in three pound falafels wouldn’t dispense these monstrous bills so freely, but it is all the ATM produces most days. Then of course no one will accept it, whether they have change or not, on the principle of the matter. You want 197 pounds of change? Honestly, I just want a falafel. <br /><br />But I digress. The Trip of Epicness starts Thursday so you’ll have to deal without my omnipresence on Facebook, Skype, and G-chat. Ryan, Pat and I have had our Risk board out for weeks, mapping out what should be a goldmine of profile pictures. We are flying to Beirut and staying there for a few days. Then we are flying to Amman, Jordan, to see the city and stay with a friend of a man who lived in the apartment below me in DC. Trust me, it’s legit. Then we are swinging down to see Petra, made famous by Indiana Jones. Then I make a third appearance at the Red Sea, but this time at Aqaba in Jordan. From there were bussing/taxi-ing across the border up to Jerusalem. They say it’s hard to cross the Israeli border, but I’ll just turn the charm on. So you guys ever been to Lebanon? Not since 2006? Oh well there were no rockets when I was there. After four days in Israel it’s back to Cairo, via a 12-hour bus ride. Plenty of time to get to know Ryan and Pat. But so help me God if I hear one hat story… <br /><br />So yeah from the 11th-20th I will be incommunicado. And until then, I’m rushing to finish all these papers I’ve got due the week I get back. I am struggling to write my Romantic Literature paper, as per usual I’m writing about poems I cannot understand. I’m regretting dropping Arabic to take this course; at least with Arabic I could use Google Translate. Now when I try and put Wordsworth into the box it tells me it doesn’t recognize the language. That makes at least two of us, but with the lack of class participation I’m guessing that number could climb as high as 25. <br />I got a huge confidence boost though when we got our midterms back today. I was pretty nervous, as I was banking on his abstract mind reading into my highly abstract answers. His comments were, “Great job! Very original analysis, though lacking in any real evidence.” He must not realize how easy it is to be original when not grounding answers in any evidence. Still, if he’s handing out A-‘s for original analysis, he is going to love my paper. Speaking of backhanded complements, I was playing tennis the other day against a real tennis player. At the end of the match he came over and said, “Adam, you’re a great tennis player! The only thing you are missing is technique.” Incidentally, I’m a great cross country runner; the only thing I’m missing is stamina. <br /><br />I finally made it to a professional soccer game. Kind of underwhelming. We were obvi cheering for Cairo’s team El Ahly, who were playing some team not from Cairo. We had maybe three thousand fans to their zero. But for the first time I truly felt I was in a police state. The road to the stadium was lined with helmeted riot police, and at the end of every row in the stadium sat an armored officer. Unfortunately, that didn’t stop the people behind us from spitting and throwing drinks on to the people in front of us. And by direct request of Divya for more pictures of myself in Egypt, here is one of us bringing the fervor for Ahly:<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href=""><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5537591433654395042" /></a><br /> <br />You’ll notice I’m wearing my flag as a cape to shield against the barrage of spit and drinks that rained down throughout the match.<br /><br />But as I was saying I leave in two days so I’m scrambling to get everything done before then, like intern applications, blog updates, and of course Romantic Literature papers. And packing. It is hard to pack because we're going to be doing a lot, climbing mountains, swimming in seas, and raging in clubs, but at the same time we have to carry everything around with us. For this reason I've decided to bring an extra pair of jeans, three shirts, and a can of Fabreeze. But what has been troubling me most lately, and taking up most of my time, is WHO KILLED HARRIET VANGER?<img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher Can't Be ChoosersOr rather, they can be, and choose to do everything the hard way. If there is a road, they will drive next to it. If there is a bump, they will hit it. If there are tents, they will sleep outside. Basically, they are the bamf’s of the desert, and they know it. <br /><br />It started off like every other school trip; we were awake at five on Friday morning, given our rations of a juice box and a Molto, which I’m guessing by this ad, is the <a href="">travel croissant of choice</a> (and apparently aphrodisiac) throughout the world . DISCLAIMER: My trip was nothing like that. So we settled in for a five hour ride out to the Black & White Desert. <br /><br />We were leaving modernity behind; careening down the highway to a land as primitive as the Deep South. No telephones, no lap tops, nothing but a boy, his bros, the stars, and his iPod. Very Walden. I had several reasons to be anxious about not having internet. For one, I was due to schedule classes that day at six in the morning, and the class I needed to get into to have any hope of graduating on time only had five spots left. I had left my fate in the hands of the capable Will Miller, who had proved himself an able secretary many a time, but even the best fall down sometimes. Then there is my hypochondria. With no Google Image, who was going to confirm that this freckle isn’t an advanced form of skin cancer? Also, my fantasy football team is in chaos with five starters out on byes. This is when they need me most, and here I am going to the desert. And lastly, IS EMILY LELANDAIS’s <a href="">EMAIL/BLOG</a> REALLY CATCHING UP TO MINE IN TERMS OF PAGE VIEWS? What are you people doing lately? And don’t tell me Halloween weekend takes preference over my blog, I don’t want to hear it. <br /><br />We finally arrived at the entrance, and left our bus for a caravan of <a href="">Toyota Land Cruisers</a> driven by real lives Bedouins, not those horse-dancing-David-Guetta-loving farce long time fans will <a href="">remember</a>. These guys were born to be bad. Our driver, <a href="">Waleed</a>, was inclined to drive off the road when he noticed someone sleeping (normally as a result of Ryan telling his hat story) in the back of the jeep. After twenty minutes we turned off the beaten path and into straight up desert, and after driving a little further we came across a restaurant more or less in the middle of nothing. But they showed us the famous Bedouin hospitality and I was able to have a real guava, something I thought only came in juice form, and also there was an endless bowl of pasta, just like the Olive Garden. Where it trumped the OG was instead of breadsticks they had pita bread, so I could make pasta sandwiches to increase my eating rate. Finally, I couldn’t eat any more pasta so we rolled out, back into the desert.<br /><br />For an hour we drove through the desert, occasionally getting splayed across each other. You get to know your <a href="">jeep-mates</a> pretty quickly when your face is in their stomach and who knows whose hands are on in your inner thigh. It was a bumpy ride, but I’m still not convinced Richie’s groping of Alex was completely accidental. Eventually we reached the <a href="">part of the desert</a> where you expect clocks to be melting it was so surreal. After checking out the amazing scenery and filling my shoes with sand in the process, we were on to the campsite.<br /><br />We made camp in the middle of the White Desert, or as my group refers to it as, The World’s Largest Litter Box. I don’t think there is a single rock that my classmates didn’t defile, but in our defense, you can’t give us tea right before bed time and expect the desert to stay clean. But that aside, the <a href="">White Desert</a> was amazingly beautiful. It looked just like snow, and from the way Wally was swerving, it must have been like snow to drive in. Or that could just be Wally being Wally. <br /><br />The Bedouins made us an excellent dinner of chicken, rice and potatoes. This was the second and not the last time I would be served this dish by Bedouins, so I have to believe it is their staple dish. This is only noteworthy in that it is also the staple dinner at the Gallagher household. I’ll be home in six weeks, prove me wrong Mom! After dinner the Bedouins showed off their <a href="">musical abilities</a>; these guys can navigate the desert, cook dinner, and sing? They are gonna make some girls very happy someday. <br /><br />About midnight we laid down in our <a href="">sleeping bags</a> and star-gazed for awhile. When I tried to have a deep conversation about the changing times in relation to stars and satellites, Ryan, uncomfortable in conversation not involving New Jersey or frats, changed the subject to his hat story again. This was the beginning of the end of the harmony that had blessed our dorm, but it was bound to happen with three highly confrontational personalities and Mitch, the instigator, all under the same roof. The Bedouins were still banging out some tunes when I fell asleep, as I had been trained to sleep in loud environments and after heated discussions by my freshman year roommates. If you can sleep through the Call of Duty: Nazi Zombies, you can deal with a few Bedouin musicians. I woke up a few hours later freezing to death, wishing I had taken the <a href="">Magic School Bus’s warnings</a> that deserts can be as cold as they are hot. Anyway, determined not to show weakness in front of the Bedouins, I crawled face first into my sleeping bag and let the silent tears drip down my chapped face. <br /><br />But all the misery of the night before was more than compensated for with breakfast. Jam, honey, tea, pita bread, Swiss Role, bananas, the works. For being a desert people, the Bedouins certainly eat well. After bfast we headed back out in the jeep to Crystal Mountain. There seems to be an inverse relationship to how awesome something is with its name. The White Desert didn’t sound like much but turned out to be amazing, whereas Crystal Mountain was little more than a hill. After fitting as many small crystal pebbles in our pockets as we could without the Bedouins noticing (it’s not rock hunting season yet in Egypt) we took our <a href="">scariest plunge</a> off a mountain yet. Our driver got out, looked down the drop, and then jumped back in and gunned it. It was like being on a rollercoaster without the confidence modern science was on your side. We made it and were well on our way to safety when we spun out in the sand and almost got stuck, if not for the finesse driving of our Bedouin. Another jeep was not so lucky though and tried to floor it when he got stuck. Amateur hour. It took us another half-hour to dig him out (by us I mean the Bedouins), and then we were headed for the <a href="">Black Desert</a>, or Mordor. That was pretty cool, and we climbed a big hill/small mountain for a pretty <a href="">epic photo-shoot</a>, unaware that sleeping on sand did my hairdo no favors. <br /><br />Then it was the hour long ride back to our bus. Conversation took its normal course. “Richie, how long have you had that hat for?” “Oh this? I’ve had it for two years.” “Bro, I was SO pissed I lost my fitted Yankee hat before we came here. I was gonna wear that every-” Here I had to cut in and inform them in no uncertain terms I didn’t care to sit through another hat story. Having a head slightly too large for hats throughout my entire life, hat-wearing was never a hobby of mine and I thought it unfair of them to talk about it in front of me for the thousandth time. Richie than voiced the age-old argument that I was offering nothing to the conversation besides criticism, a comment so stupid I didn’t entertain it as serious. It wasn’t the first time the claim had been made; it is the origin of the <a href="">“Shark” name on the back of my Turtle Crew shirt</a>. And then Dyl tried to sell me on the idea <a href="">Behind Blue Eyes</a> should be my theme song. Well anyways the jeep-ride descended into silence, with Ryan and Richie afraid to say something for fear of criticism, and me afraid to point out their silence was a sign of their susceptibility to social pressure, for fear of proving their point. <br /><br />One more chicken/rice/potato serving later we were on a “four” hour ride back to campus. Since nothing is ever easy in Egypt, our bus broke down on the way home, forcing us to take a cab all the way back for the last hour of it. And just when I’m getting the venom in my veins to blog this country's public transportation to smithereens, AU goes and does this:<br /> <br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href=""><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 202px; height: 139px;" src="" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5534268319855062418" /></a><br /><br />In other news, the janitorial staff is protesting low wages on campus this week and it has spelled disaster for the campus. Egyptians throw their trash everywhere with the assumption someone will pick it up, and they're a little slow in adjusting. An interesting side note, the workers are trying to raise their pay to $125 <span style="font-style:italic;">a month</span>, or approximately $13 more a day than I made reading/skimming/not reading resumes over the summer. Where do they get off?<img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher OrdinarySince hating life on Mt. Sinai, my life has been extra ordinary. And not extraaaaaaaaa ooooooordinary in the <a href="">Nat-King-Cole-singing-the-opening-of LiLo’s-Parent-Trap</a> sense, but instead in the sense that everything that has happened in the last week has happened the whole time I’ve been here. But seeing as to this point I’ve only seen fit to write about the extraordinary, perhaps you’ll take interest in the more common occurrences in Egypt.<br /><br />I have made a lot of passing references to my eternal struggle with the taxi drivers of this country. But I gather from the questions of the sole commenter of my posts that perhaps I need to make clearer what these battles typically entail. I had a whole paragraph typed up, but to shorten the story, we get in cabs we believe have meters, only to be informed halfway through the trip the meter is broken, and when we get out the negotiations start. There are two schools of thought on how to best handle this situation. There is the Richie Roy “Just Say La” method, which involves shouting La (no) at the taxi driver until he gets more frustrated with the language barrier than we are. Then there is the Patrick Schweighart “Walk Away” method. Pat will throw the money into the seat, and peace. Sometimes the cabbie curses and drives away, other times he gets out and attempts to drag Pat to the police station. Personally, I prefer watching the walk away method.<br /><br />Memorable cab rides include the ride home from the American Expatriate Club, when ten police officers were needed to broker a deal between me, Ryan and a cab driver who threw the five pounds we gave him into the wind in an expensive show of disgust. Then there was the time when our taxi broke down on the highway halfway to the city. We were chugging along, and then we just kinda coasted to the side of the road. I figured it was a cigarette break, but then he started pouring some liquid into the hood. And then the car didn’t start. I’m not really car guy, and unfortunately neither was the cabbie. He tried a variety of different things, including driving with the hood open and completely obstructing the view, but each time we managed only seven feet before petering back out. Finally he threw his hands up, which we took to be our cue that it was time to get walking. To his credit, he wouldn’t even take a pity-five pounds, restoring my faith in humanity. <br /><br />To return to the American Expatriate Club, it reminded me very much of a <a href="">Rick’s</a>. There were all types of strange, creepy Westerners there, presumably trying to escape the harsh realities of Cairo. The drinks are cheap and so is the conversation. I briefly considered opening my own Rick’s, but thus far I have been unable to convince Mitch to address me as Mr. and learn the piano. Play it again, Mitch! Oh the times we would have. But in general the place—and the places like it—isn’t all that fun. The most fun I’ve had there is when I went on an off-night, and watched a Blackburn game with a couple of real live English fans.<br /><br />Which brings me to my first SPORT REPORT. Watching Blackburn games in the bar was much better than watching them online, during which I am always inundated with offers to get an American green card by completing tasks such as cream pie-ing Uncle Sam in the face or popping the correctly colored balloon (hint: it’s green). Well, Blackburn have been so bad and boring I’ve probably pied enough Uncle Sam’s to bring half of Cairo back to America with me. Thank goodness I have the Buffalo Bills to cheer me up.<br /><br />I was in the gym a few days ago running twelve miles less than what my mom ran in her half-marathon today when I happened upon the Arab University Women’s Basketball Championship. This is a tournament between all the Middle Eastern universities to promote unity and so on. Being somewhat of a girls basketball connoisseur from my days of watching the East Aurora Girls Varsity team run train on New York State (there apparently is no link to any newspaper covering the state championship). But anyway, these girls can BALL! At least I think they were girls, but it very well may have been Kobe out there wearing a hijab. Maybe they weren’t that good, but they were very impressive for running around as conservatively as they go to the Mosque. I think my chants of “Welcome to the BLOCK PARTY!” weren’t appreciated due to the lack of street blocks in the desert. Or maybe they thought I was being obnoxious. One of the two.<br /><br />I haven’t played a lot of soccer since being here, but when I’ve played it has been a lot of fun. Every Egyptian plays, and they’re not bad. But let’s just say Team Tevez could beat them 9 out of 10 times. I did get beat as bad as I’ve been though, which may be hard for those of you to believe, who have seen me get some pretty bad beatings. What made this one truly special was the guy who beat me was probably fifty pounds overweight and wearing jeans. They all wear jeans when they play soccer, and at the gym, and probably in the pool, I’ll let you know next time I’m willing to risk extreme bodily burns. So yeah, after that I went home. But not before celebrating <a href="">Ryan Giggs style</a> after scoring a tap in. Making friends all over the place. <br /><br />While on the soccer subject, we witnessed a soccer style fight at our favorite Shisha place. We were just sitting there, enjoying our Turkish coffee, when these guys playing dominos jump up and start ninja kicking each other. I don’t know how to play dominos, and I don’t think I’m going to learn. Anyway security slept right through the whole affair but it was all sorted out by pushing the fighters out opposite ends of the alley. That’s the convenience of having a café in an alley way. <br /><br />My acting career took a huge step last week when our non-English speaking neighbor had me voice over the documentary based on Guns, Germs, and Steel to avoid copy right infringement. The script he handed me to read from was taken right from the movie, minus the conjunctions. But apparently, and this is true, his professor was so impressed with my broken English narrating skills she thought that he hadn’t replaced the original narrator. Which turned out not to be a big deal at all, so he needn’t have gotten me in the first place. I’m glad he did though; I love doing my Crocodile Hunter accent. <br /><br />And now I have actual work to do? I have to write a five page paper for Romantic Literature about poems I never understood. I hate doing work for things I don’t understand, which is why I dropped my SIS major, my Arabic minor, and now my lit minor. Quite literally the only line I understand in Wordsworth’s Prelude is “My Drift I fear is scarcely obvious”. Which I suppose could be said about this blog post, so I better get back to block quoting away five pages.<img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher Scent up Mt. Sinai>AR-SA<="text-indent: 0.5in;">There’s an old saying that I picked up from ESPN’s Chris Berman; “If the mountain won’t come to Muhammad, Muhammad most go to the mountain!”<span style=""> </span>He was, of course, talking about <a href="">Muhsin Muhammad</a>, future hall of fame wide receiver.<span style=""> </span>But the saying originated with THE Muhammad, who once asked for a mountain but God was afraid should he grant the request, he might end up crushing the Prophet.<span style=""> </span>A reasonable worry! Muhammad should’ve worded his wish better, like can I have a mountain ten feet away from me.<span style=""> </span>It’s all about clarity.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>That anecdote was meant to lead into me going to Mt. Sinai, but it got away from me.<span style=""> </span>And with my aversion of the delete key, I’m going to have to start over.<span style=""> </span>Well, Thursday arrived, and we set out on an eight hour bus ride to the Sinai, take two.<span style=""> </span>When I say “we,” I’m not referring to my bros and I, I’m referring to myself and 10 kids I can’t stand, five kids I like, and five I’m ambivalent towards.<span style=""> </span>Open thing I quickly learned was this: I’m proud to be an American (University student), where at least I know I’m not a pretentious prick.<span style=""> </span>It seems if you go to school some place people have heard of you become rather unbearable.<span style=""> </span>To support my hypothesis, the worst offender was a cultured girl from Harvard, who loved to talk about Harvard culture.<span style=""> </span>I just about cried when she turned my retelling of a 30 Rock episode into how the head writer for the show graduated from her school, and is always inserting jokes only she and her kind would get.<span style=""> </span>Naturally, the tears were from jealousy.<span style=""> </span>Then this girl from George Washington sat behind me and kept me awake for the entire ride, telling some sob story of how she wished she could stay together with her <i>state school</i> bf, but with her volunteering at big and important places on Capitol Hill, it just wasn’t going to work.<span style=""> </span>Which reminds me, last week I accidentally had lunch with a Georgetowner, and HE SENT HIS 60 CENT FALAFEL BACK TO THE KITCHEN, citing lack of tahini sauce.<span style=""> </span>I looked at him like dude, that is the equivalent of sending an open bag of M&Ms back to the store because it didn’t have enough yellow ones.<span style=""> </span>My one solace was the cook got a good look at him, so that Hoya can be sure to expect some extra juicy falafels in the future.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span>But all my troubles left me when we reached our hotel at 4 in the morning.<span style=""> </span>It was beautiful in the <a href="">night</a>, and even more so in the <a href="">day</a>.<span style=""> </span>It was also jam packed with drunk Eastern Europeans, for reasons I will never know.<span style=""> </span>One downside was I had to share a bed with “Dave,” but he turned out to be a perfect gentleman so it wasn’t that big of a deal at all.<span style=""> </span>In the morning we hung out on the beach before “Dave,” Big Adam Morsy and I headed out snorkeling.<span style=""> </span>I’m not trying to brag, but the Red Sea is actually one of the best places to snorkel in the world.<span style=""> </span>In fact, on the world-famous <a href="">“Travel Lady” magazine website</a>, it comes in at #2 for best places in the world! Well, it’s the second one they wrote about.<span style=""> </span>At first I was a little weary, as they gave me emerald green fins and a mask that I was sure would cut the circulation off to my brain.<span style=""> </span>After all, my high school German class did nickname me “<a href="">Kurbis</a>-<a href="">kopf</a>”, and it’s hard to deny the allegations.<span style=""> </span>I could see the headlines: “Ireland’s Least Competent Spy Washes onto Saudi Shore, Still Pale.”<span style=""> </span>But I persevered and reveled in the colors under the bright blue sea.<span style=""> </span>Red fish, blue fish, “Dave’s” flipper coming at my face, everywhere I looked there was something interesting to see.<span style=""> </span>After spending two months observing varying shades of brown, the coral and sea life were welcome sights.<span style=""> </span>When we got back to the boat our guide got us some cokes and we just sat there taking it all in.<span style=""> </span>I didn’t bring sunscreen or a shirt because it was supposed to be a two hour cruise, a two hour cruise!<span style=""> </span>The weather started getting rough and the tiny ship was tossed, if not for the complacency of the Egyptian crew the motor wouldn’t have been lost.<span style=""> </span>As it were, our guide was content to let the waves batter us onto the stones and had to spend the next hour fixing the motor, while I spent my time acquiring skin cancer.<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span>When we got back I was utterly exhausted and passed out poolside, but woke up and finished Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.<span style=""> </span>And people (Shelby Krick) complain <i>I </i>spell poorly and have bad grammar. <span style=""> </span>What about Mark Twain, the greatest American writer!<span style=""> </span>Could barely read a sentence without one typo or another, let alone the cussing!<span style=""> </span>It was like I was reading a rap song.<span style=""> </span>Anyways, I became disappointed there was no parallel between Tom, Huck and I, so I floated over to the pool bar and drowned my sorrows in banana milk juice.<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span>At 2 the next morning we reached Mt. Sinai, and began our ascent up the mountain path.<span style=""> </span>It was <a href="">fairly dark</a>, but I quickly became aware there were camels afoot, as I almost put my own foot directly into one of their <a href="">many, many camel piles</a>.<span style=""> </span>As a consequence, my gaze was directed groundward for the remainder of the trip.<span style=""> </span>At one point I glanced up to find myself face-to-face with a <a href="">ghost camel</a>. Gah!<span style=""> </span>I stumbled backwards a few steps, but when I steadied my flashlight I found myself walking next to the George Washington girl! GAH!<span style=""> </span>We snaked our way through the mountains, and I had the impression we were circling the same mountain, <a href="">Dante’s Inferno style</a>.<span style=""> </span>In the morning, however, I discovered we had just pretty much hiked a straight path and then zig-zagged it up one face of the mountain until we got to the <a href="">700 stairs</a>, and the only thing hellish about the trip was the company.<span style=""> </span>Seriously, we were taking breaks every ten minutes for people who had spent too much of their breath/life talking about their own awesomeness.<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span>Around 6, 20 minutes before sunrise, we finally made it to the peak.<span style=""> </span>Naturally there were no spots left to see the sunrise, but the Harvard girl used her considerable girth to wedge herself a spot.<span style=""> </span>That left the rest of us disappointed, as it was her considerable girth that had slowed us down.<span style=""> </span>By the way, I have no fear of her reading this because to do so she would have to be my friend on FB, and if that happened I’d be dead already so what would I care?<span style=""> </span>And if you spoke with her for a minute you’d be using words stronger than “considerable girth.”<span style=""> </span>Luckily I’m a bit taller than most, so I at least got some <a href="">decent shots of the sunrise</a>.<span style=""> </span>On our descent I saw the <a href="">burning bush</a>, which is looking remarkably well for being in such a dire situation so many years ago.<span style=""> </span>But by then my thoughts turned homeward; I was out of sight of Ryan, Richie and Mitch for nearly 48 hours. What kind of excitement was I missing in our dorm?<span style=""> </span>Maybe Ryan would wake up before three today? When you begin to yearn for the cave that is my dorm room, you know you need sleep.<span style=""> I also I have an ultra-heightened case of hypochondria since being in Egypt, and needed to get home to Google image various freckles and discolorations. I fear I may have been "incepted" with the idea I'm going to catch something horrible; Leonardo has certainly been in my dreams more than once. Of course, the AUC health center doesn't diagnose cases of inception, so I'd rather not waste my morning waiting in line. <br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span>After a nine hour bus ride back (we took an extra hour to look at <a href="">a hole</a> in the ground) I made my glorious return, to find it was Mitch who provided the excitement by sleeping a full 19 hours.<span style=""> </span>That gave us something to talk about.<span style=""> </span>But then, by a stroke of fate we hear this irresistible melody coming from across campus.<span style=""> </span>I could barely make out the words, but it sounded like the singer was <a href="">In Miami</a>.<span style=""> </span>I followed the beat and it paid huge dividends, we came across FREE <a href="">SHAWERMA</a>!<span style=""> </span>Which is like a delicious Arabian taco.<span style=""> </span>I had forgotten a big Lebanese festival had been planned, and was relieved not to have missed it.<span style=""> </span>But my, how <a href="">dressed up people</a> got for a Lebanese festival.<span style=""> </span>And they all looked so young!<span style=""> </span>We felt slightly <a href="">out of place</a>.<span style=""> </span>It all made sense, however, when the loud speaker came on.<span style=""> </span>“We’d like to thank everyone for coming out to our first annual High School Model UN Ball!”<span style=""> </span>So we had crashed a high school dance and ate all of their food, repping our white Ts, completely ignorant to how unwanted we were at the event.<span style=""> </span>So I took a few shawerma roadies and made my way to my long awaited bed.<span style=""> </span>Turns out the Lebanese festival was tonight, and filled myself til I couldn’t eat another bite.<span style=""> </span>Then they brought out this dessert that was a mixture of wheat, cottage cheese, and barrels of sugar, so now I think I’m going to go lie down and die somewhere.<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher More Unto the Beach, Dear Bros, Once More!<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">I realized after writing the no one will get the pun, through no fault of your own, but rather of my far too regular watching of Good Will Hunting. Robin Williams quotes Shakespeare’s Henry V “Once More unto the B<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">r</b>each, Dear Friends, Once More!” But more famously it is the title of <a href="">Gilmore Girls Episode 721</a>. I don’t ever want it said that this blog, or that show, panders to the ignorant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal">Beach weekend!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Me and the bros (minus Mitch, who is no longer a bro until further notice, possibly tomorrow) headed up North to Alexandria to wait for buses and argue with taxi drivers, and see the sights in between.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Alexandria is the Buffalo to Cairo’s New York City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Second biggest in the state/nation, great waterfront view, wonderful people, and there are sheep in the street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It’s only a two and a half hour train ride, when you don’t figure in the five and half hours we waited for the train after our trademark poor planning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Anyways, it gave us a good chance to get to know each other in a way that sitting everyday in the same dorm room doesn’t.</p><p class="MsoNormal">But then we started chugging along and the times were merry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>We weren’t quite sure where we were going to spend the night, it was either this cheap hotel or at our 34-year-old lawyer/international lover friend of friend’s BEACH house. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>I was hoping for cheap hotel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>See, Pat was in Alexandria a few weeks ago and met this character, Amar, at a bar, and ever since Amar desperately tried to get Pat to come back for his birthday party.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>As luck would have it, Ryan, Richie, and I were headed up that same night of the birthday party.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>We met Amar in a bar in Cairo a couple nights beforehand to make sure he wasn’t shady, and three hours of his Conquests of Love throughout Europe we were convinced this guy was pretty straightedge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">On the way up there we found out the party of the century had been moved from his friend’s mansion to above a restaurant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>So we got into town, checked into a four-bed room, and went out to celebrate now having a 35-year-old creepy friend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The place was pretty chill, and as to be expected Amar had a lot of young, strapping friends, many of them British.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>We had a great time, but nothing to really tell about until Richie was persuaded to call one of the Brits a fairy, more out of obedience than homophobia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>I’ve never seen a name make such a mark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The kid was livid, and stood up ready to turn the clock back to 1812.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>A ten minute shouting match ensued, both arguing the merits of their nation, while I slammed plates of hummus with Pat, in what could only be the reason for the most severe hiccups either of us have ever had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>When the dust settled it was apparent the Brits were as douchey as their popped collars suggested they were, and we were as culturally sensitive as our passports suggested we were.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>A fun night overall that left plenty to be talked about on the way home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">The next morning we got a jump on things and were up by 11.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>We headed straight out to the <a href="">Citadel</a> and I loved it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It was a medieval castle, on the BEACH!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>We were as much an attraction to the Egyptians as the sights were to us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Several asked to take pictures with us, primarily because of the Tattooed Freak that is Richie Roy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Getting a tattoo is taboo in Islam, but there’s no taboo against getting your picture taken with a damned infidel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>We explored the fort for awhile then went to the Catacombs, which also were awesome but didn’t allow pictures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Buried deep in the earth, they had some awesome caves dug out to put dead people in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Here we almost got in another fight, when we remarked how another tour group must be having difficulty with the guide only speaking Arabic and the group only speaking Japanese, or so we thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Then we hear, and I quote, “We’re not Japanese, BRO.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Oh god damn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">After that I returned to whence I came, the library.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Yes, a lot of people don’t know, but before I read resumes at Chemonics, before I <a href="">looked good at Food & Friends</a>, before I spilled coffee at The Roycroft, and even before I got fired from my work-study position at SIS, I nearly died of loneliness by working at a library.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>But this library here wasn’t any ma and pa shop East Aurora Library, where we measured DVD’s in and out with tally marks; this was the Great Library of Alexandria, one of the seven ancient wonders of the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Except that one got destroyed, so this is just the <a href="">Library of Alexandria</a>, but it is still pretty great.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>It functions more as a museum and convention center, but it can still hold up to 2,000 readers, or approximately the population of East Aurora proper. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">That night we went to a delightful little seaside restaurant, The Mermaid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>True Adam fans will know I’m no fan of fish, but when you’re in Alexandria, you eat fish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>So we had a wonderful meal of <a href="">sea bass</a>, calamari, <a href="">salad</a> and <a href="">dessert</a> all for $10, and I had that unfamiliar feeling of being content with a meal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Afterwards, we went to a famous place of expatriates for the night, Spitfire, where we had a wonderful evening and I was forced/enabled to eat these little <a href="">doughnut holes</a> all night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>On the way back we had a one pound falafel shop, where we were served spicy falafels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>I’m not one to make excuses, but I feel they basically left out the falafel and gave me a spice patty in a pita bread, because I almost died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Richie thought I might be able to handle it better and could handle spicy sauces, the way people at Inauguration were surprised when I curled up in a ball and demanded to be left for dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Yes, I’m from Buffalo, do I not bleed?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Too much Shakespeare for one post, I’ll tone it down.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Next day was straight up BEACH. We had two of the toughest roughest taxi drivers you could ask for but we didn’t let that spoil our tan time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>First beach we went to might as well have been Lake Erie for all the trash that was floating in it, but we had better luck at a beach farther out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Eventually, though, we knew we had to pack our bags and head back to our lack of responsibilities in Cairo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>So we got to the train station, said we were looking for a bus to Cairo, got crammed into a mini-bus (leading cause of death for tourists in Egypt, true story), and were out on the road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>About a minute into it we ask, “Are we going to Cairo?” We weren’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>But we were going to a bus station where we could get one there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Of course, the bus didn’t leave for another 2 ½ hours, but it was fine as it gave us a chance to get to know each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>A three hour ride later and one final taxi ride later, we were back in the middle of the desert, where we belong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">I also think it is hilarious GoogleAds think my audience will be most interested in hot Bollywood action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They know you’re reading this, Rochelle King and Cassie Wheeldon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Here is a link to the new album: <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%;font-family:'Tahoma','sans-serif';font-size:8;color:#333333;" ></span></span></p><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher°C and Sand<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in">Finally, Thursday night was here! Not much had gone on during the week, and I was ready to head to the Sinai Peninsula in order to follow the footsteps of this blog’s namesake, get my beach on, and see YET ANOTHER MONASTERY. But it wasn’t to be.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>I was excitedly packing my bag when Mitch stuck his head in my room.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In his western-Canadian drawl he asked if I had looked at the weather.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I replied in the negative, assuming the night would be like the last forty nights I had been in the Egypt, dry and hot.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Mitch had checked the weather, and he told me, “29 degrees and sand.”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> Upon opening my window I found the sand forecast to accurate. </span>Damn you Jack-Off, damn you.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Apparently sandstorms don’t just occur when you steal a magic genie lamp.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>They occur when I want to get my tan on too. With the trip postponed, there will be much more opinion than the normal factual reporting you’re used to from this publication (EDITOR’S NOTE: It also gets slightly blasphemous).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>My first thought was what the significance of the sandstorm was.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Is it possible that God has taken notice of my blog’s popularity? I did have 3 page views yesterday, and not including the two times I visited to check. Does he fear that climbing Mt. Moses will give me the last bit of authority necessary to start me new world order?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>By <a href="">his own admission</a>, he is a jealous God.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Well if He/She/It thinks I need some slabs of stone to dictate how this world should work, He/She/It’s got another thing coming.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Here are my Studying in Egypt Ten Commandments, given to me by no one (unlike a certain prophet I know):</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">1.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> I am the Travel Blogger who brought you off of Facebook, the house of drunken pictures and annoying status updates (Gooooooooooo Billsssssssssssssss!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!). There shall be no Travel Blogging before mine (except </span><a href="">Feierman’s fotolog</a><span class="Apple-style-span">, but that’s fine because it’s hardly a blog and he left a month before everyone else)</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">2.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Do not make images of this Travel Blog, all rights are reserved to the author, including the forthcoming Broadway musical under the same title</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">3.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Do not swear by this blog. While most things recorded here have some semblance of truth to them, I often lie to make stories more entertaining</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">4.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Remember the Holy Day, Friday. Nothing will be open so you have to plan ahead, or else you will be very, very hungry</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">5.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Skype thy Father and thy Mother. They worry about you, and it’s a good excuse to look at yourself on your screen, see what looks work which ones don’t </span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">6.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">I’ll actually keep my forerunner’s sixth suggestion. Three thousand(?) years later we can still agree murder isn't cool</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">7.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Do not commit public displays of affection. Especially not twice, two kisses=expulsion from the dorms</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">8.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Do not let cab drivers steal from you. They will try to charge you $15 for an hour long taxi ride that should only cost $10. Be vigilant, be harsh. At the end of the day their feelings aren’t gonna hurt any worse than the chronic back problems they have from working extremely long hours for extremely low pay. Yo no hablo Ingles, bro. And certainly not Arabic. </span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">9.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Do not bear false pretenses of speaking Arabic. If you’re trying to impress the group of Americanners you’re with by being the native speaker in your traveling group, don’t. They’ll know when your cab ends up in the middle of the desert, the cabbie is demanding you get out, and you’re still shouting Cahara Jadeeda!</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">10.</span></i></b><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></i></b></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Do not covet thy roommate’s falafel. Guys, I’m stockpiling for Friday. Don’t touch em. Yes I need all seven of them!</span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Of course for a more traditional account of the Ten Commandments you’d have to listen to Congressman Lynn Westmoreland’s <a href="">hilarious recollection</a> of them on the Colbert Report.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It is seriously the funniest interview you will ever see, and I really hope you watch it. </p> <p class="MsoNormal">While I am decreeing my wishes, you should all <a href="">buy a pie from Food & Friends</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I hate to get all Maggie Skelton I’m-gonna-use-social-media-to-promote-my-own-selfish-cause on you, cause I really do detest it when I get on Facebook and she’s making me look at starving children, but this is mutually beneficial.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>You get some of the best pie I ever tasted (and you know I’ve eaten a lot pie in my day), and you help those in DC who are living with AIDS/HIV, cancer and other life-challenging illnesses.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>If I remember correctly you’re all poor, or at least that’s what you said when I asked you for money at the last party, so maybe you could find a friend and buy a pie together?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>If you need flavor recommendations, I’m always on Facebook.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Speaking of my copious amounts of free time, I’ve decided I need a profile picture for this blog. But, after Emily Beyer tore my FB prof pic apart for being too Egypty, I need public opinion to pick the one for this blog.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span> I tried to keep to the standard six American profile pictures you generally see, but I couldn't get four girls to pose with me so I knocked it down to five. Also I added a distinct Egypt taste to it. If you would please view the pictures below and then vote at the top right of this page for the one you think I should use, I’d greatly appreciate it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">Option A: The Falaphisor</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"></span> <img src="" /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Option B: Quarter-pounders</p><p class="MsoNormal"><img src="" /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Option C: Falafel Belly (not even flexing girls)</p><p class="MsoNormal"><img src="" /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Option D: Two Much Falafel To Handel</p><p class="MsoNormal"><img src="" /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Option E: Falafel Eyes</p><p class="MsoNormal"><img src="" /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Special thanks to Emily Lelandais for taking the Falaphisor photo, which the onlooking Egyptians will never truly understand. My favorite picture is the candid one directly below, taken by the shutter camera after I had accidentally dropped my second falafel during my antics. Just look at the pain on that face and tell me I don't love falafels. </p><p class="MsoNormal"><img src="" /> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher with Vin Diesel and Jack-Off<p class="MsoNormal">We exited Hurrayah in a somewhat drowsy state.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was Thursday night (weekend night cuz they can’t get anything right here)and pretty late.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I was pretty full of western beverages and Lima beans (see below), content to go home and sleep both off.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>(Quick aside, they weren’t Lima beans, but that’s the closest description I can give you.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Where most bars put out peanuts, this one put out these disgusting Lima bean substitutes.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I ate them tho because I have an eating problem.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which reminds me of a few weeks ago when the bartender at this classy British place, Pub 28, absolutely refused to give me and my roommates another plate of peanuts.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Again because I have an eating problem.) Back to exiting Hurrayah.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>While I was in what Mitch calls in his native tongue the “washroom”, my roommates struck up a conversation with three Egyptians outside.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>They took an extreme liking to us, and a few alley ways later, we started to be able to understand what they were saying.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">One thing that could be understood by both groups was “sheesha”.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This excited the Egyptians and we started off quickly through the streets.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>While traveling in between the donkey carts and taxi cabs we learned more about our new friends.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>There was Rallah, the only one who could speak understandable English, and is currently at the University in Cairo I believe.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>You would have to ask Richie though, as those two <a href="">were holding hands</a> the whole walk so I assume there’s more of a bond there.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Then there was Risslaba, who obviously enjoyed curling (and not the kind Mitch enjoys in his native country). <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Most jacked Egyptian I’ve ever seen.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Then there was Achbar.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>His one but memorable contribution to the night was nicknames.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Richie got <a href="">Vin Diesel</a>, because of his shaved head, tough guy attitude and the beater.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Mitch got <a href="">Jack-Off</a>, for reasons that nobody will ever understand.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I was watching Mitchell all night and there was nothing to suggest he had just or was about to jack off. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Both names stuck immediately, despite Jack-Off's great efforts. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">We ended up in this alley way which turned out to be a sheesha bar, After Eight.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>One pound sheesha!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>What could be better?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ONE POUND FALAFEL!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Not at After Eight, but a store real close by.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Needless to say, the night had developed into one of the most fun downtown trips in my time here.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In stark contrast to the next night.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">We agreed to meet them the next day to see the movie “The Expendables”.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I never wanted to see this movie in the first place but decided to go for the experience.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>At three Risslaba called Ryan and wanted to know if we were there yet.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We told him no, had just about woken up but would be there soon.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We get there at five.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>They say they will be there in twenty minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I have a few one pound falafels.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>At SIX THIRTY they show up, saying not to worry the shows at six.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We walk to the theater, and they’re not even showing the movie.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>So we walk to another theater. No movie. And another and another.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Finally we get to one where the movie starts at ten, and it is eight.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>They ask if we want to sheesha.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Uh yeah sure.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ok lets go to After Eight again.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Wait the place we just walked an hour from?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Why, you won’t walk?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I mean I’ll walk but it seems a little far, please don’t give me a name like Jack-Off!</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">So we walked all the way back, sat for ten minutes, then walked back to the theater.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was a good way to see Cairo though, just walking around with three middle class guys.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>At one point Risslaba and Achbar saw a girl they knew and stopped to talk to her, but twenty minutes later we were back on the hike.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> All to see The Expendables. Gah. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This weekend I headed out to the Red Sea, a welcome break from the bustle of Cairo’s nightlife.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But first, we headed over to <a href="">St. Anthony’s Monastery</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The bus ride was pretty painful; there was this tiny bus and we packed it to capacity.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I was prepared to amputate my legs to ease the pain.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>My mood was such that our <a href="">tour monk</a> almost met an early demise when he was showing us the ramparts.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>He was suck a quiet, slow speaker, and then all of a sudden he’d be like why isn’t anyone listening to me?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Oh I’m sorry, which monk I’ve never heard of came from which place I’ve never heard of?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>You’re a joke.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Then he showed us a miraculous spring in the middle of the desert.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And the less miraculous faucet they built so we could DRINK MIRACLE WATER.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I shimmied the line to get to it first, but I still can’t speak Arabic.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>By the way the water was miraculous because according to Monk Look-At-Old-Stuff it absolutely never rains there.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And I believed him until it started raining while we backed out the driveway.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Get a real job, like reading resumes.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then it was just straight up beachin’ it for the next day and half.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It doesn’t need a paragraph to explain, I sat on the beach for a day and a half.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Also, I drank the most delish <a href="">banana milk</a> ever.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>That monk should spend less time making stuff up and more time milking bananas.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">An interesting, ongoing story, Risslaba has called Ryan every single day since we’ve met him.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The other day I got a call at 2:30 in the morning from a number I didn’t recognize.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I answered because I’m lonely.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was Risslaba, wondering why Ryan wasn’t picking up his phone. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>No idea.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Vin Diesel? No idea.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Jack-Off?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Good night, Risslaba.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher an Educated Guest<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"">A month ago I got off the plane in Egypt naïve, hungry and pale, ready to conquer the world and learn Arabic on the side.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Today I type this more cynical, spilling <a href="">koushary</a> over the keyboard, and slightly less pale. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I climbed the pyramids, journeyed the Nile, and dropped Arabic like a hot falaf it hasn’t been all fun and games!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I do occasionally go to classes, which are held here very occasionally.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Now, having been to three classes of each subject, I feel comfortable summing up the Egyptian style of schooling through my experiences. That’s right; in the month I’ve been here I’ve been to 12 classes.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Deal with first class is Romantic Literature.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I thought it would be like reading rom com scripts, but that is far from the case.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Sarah Jessica Parker is not in a single one and there are almost no montages of dates gone wrong.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>My professor is a character.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>American by birth, space cadet by nature.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>His unspoken goal in life is to use only 50 point Scrabble words in each sentence.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Invariably, he always falls one word short, and pronounces that last ten point word with a look of utter disgust on his face, like he just swallowed one of the flies that are a constant distraction to my education.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A sentence of his resembles, “Currently, interpreting Rousseau provides abundant opportunities toward introspection for the um, errr, aggghhh, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">reader</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I’ve never met an eccentric man as boring as hark, readers, I’ve fallen in love!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Perhaps it’s the Romantic Literature course, or maybe it’s the overwhelming sense of aloneness that the desert offers, but she is all I ever think about lately. I do not yet know her name, but she works behind the falafel counter, at the restaurant Al-Omda.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Al-Omda translates to “the mayor”, and she certainly governs my heart.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It started when she handed me my change; I couldn’t help but to notice her skin possesses the gentle texture of floured pita bread.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>As I looked closer, her skin is the color of kneaded chickpeas, fried for 2-3 minutes in cooking oil at 360 degrees, which is about as hot as my face feels when speaking with her (our dialogue almost always entails “Two falafels please.”)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I could not catch her scent over that of her trade, but I wouldn’t have it any other way. It is impossible for me to smell falafel without associating her face with the dish.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And the laugh!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>There was a sauciness to her cackle when I tried to order koushary after 5 pm.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Not the sesame seed flavored Tahini sauce which so often graces my lunch, but a richer sauce, something more akin to the garlic-chili sauce that you have to ask for, the kind only passionate Al-Omda lovers know.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>While the feel, sight, sound and smell of the object of my affections pleases me, what has captured my heart is the desire to learn of the fifth sense, and the more intense lust for the answer to be falafel.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>O! The pains and pleasures my habeeby gives"">That actually is just an example of the kind of reading I’m subjected to in my Romantic Literature course.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I wrote it in class (BAMF) instead of interpreting his interpretations.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>While bearable in short doses, imagine hundreds of pages of that nonsense.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>When half my book, Rousseau’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Confessions</i>, fell out of the binding and blew into the Nile during the cruise, my only concern was I had added the most vile trash to an already endangered body of water.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>To self-project a bit, Rousseau shamelessly self-promotes and glorifies the most trivial activities.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>If he had engaged in a juice drinking competition, you could bet he would include it in his book. second and easiest class is Ethics in Media.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Everyone knows ethics; it’s applying them that’s the hard part.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>My Egyptian professor is the communications point person for the highest UN official in Egypt is kind of a scary thought.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>One minute she damns Rupert Murdoch’s CNN forays in China (on the grounds that he is a communist/robber baron) and the next she insists there is no free press in America because of the Zionist lobby.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>She brought up the well known example of when the Zionist lobby threatened to bankrupt the New York Times should it print anything favorable to Palestine (link not found) as well as a few other indisputable pieces of militant Zionism.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Here, she made eye contact with me, and perhaps thinking that there is a chance I’m Jewish, made it clear she hates Zionists, not Jewish people.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I nodded understandingly, but not so understandingly to further her suspicion of my ancestry.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Part of me felt I should’ve spoken up about how I perceive the press in America, which certainly isn’t favorable but I have never been a believer in the Zionist plots.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But, not really caring, I didn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>So I compromised by not yelling anything anti-Semitic.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And thus adhered to my ethics. Magazine writing.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This is actually a delightful class in which the teacher is American and the focus of the course she decided will be food writing. Ever since she announced this I’ve been gorging myself in the name of research.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Our professor is extremely enthusiastic, speaks overly dramatically, and always holds the end of her sentences for an inordinate amount of tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiime. Additionally, she fails to pronounce “D’s” at the end of words.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This style of speaking wouldn’t be that noticeable, except the author we are reading is Jonathon Gold. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Hence, every time she reads his name it </span><a href=""><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">sounds like she’s announcing an Italian soccer game</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">, and this happens anywhere between 50-100 times a class.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I’ve started finishing her sentences for her. She thinks I’m trying to prove my intelligence, but I’m really trying to protect my sanity. International Development, again taught by Egyptian.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Just more American bashing here.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Apparently we built their country wrong and that’s why nothing works. Oh so that’s why.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It has NOTHING to do with everyone taking a month off in the middle of the year? Or your maybe-I’ll-show-up-today-for-my-job-as-the-only-employee-of-the-post-office attitude?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>To be fair to my Egyptian classmates, they often cite their nation’s work ethic as a reason for the lack of development.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In fact this cause didn’t even occur to me until they said it, but once I heard it, I started to connect the dots."">Congrats to Mike Kelly for being the youngest person in my recent memory accepted to med school, and for Emily Heltzel getting a prestigious internship-to-job gig at Customs and Border Protection Agency, putting her I think 16<sup>th</sup> in the line for the Presidency.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And at the rate the world is getting angry at the Zionist USA, the first fifteen might not want the job anymore.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>What’ve the rest of you been doing in my absence?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I expect everyone to have the next ten years of their lives accounted for when I get back.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher CRUISE PICTURE EXCLUSIVE!!! ALL THE PICTURES YOU’VE ALREADY SEEN ON FACEBOOK WITH THE COMMENTARY THE CAPTIONS ALREADY PROVIDED!<p class="MsoNormal"><img src="" /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Legendary and lecherous Manchester United striker George Best once said, “I spent a lot of money on booze, birds and fast cars.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The rest I just squandered.”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Before this weekend I could have said the same about water, falafel, and taxi rides.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But the $400 dollars I spent on the cruise from Aswan to Luxor was the best $400 I ever spent, and that includes the broken cuckoo clock I bought in the Black Forest.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">It only lasted for three days and two nights, but I would’ve paid the price of admission just for the food.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In sharp contrast to the involuntary fasting I have participated since my arrival, the cruise offered buffet-style meals; it was like TDR on a boat.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>So I gorged myself on dates, various forms of chicken and meat, and made the dessert table my own.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I know my eating habits is not the primary reason you’re reading this, but I feel not mentioning my number one past-time would be entirely misleading, lying by omission if you will.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">But now to the adventure!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We left AUC at 3:30 am Friday and our flight landed in Aswan around 8.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>When I say Egypt is a backwards country, I’m not being condescending.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>They call south Egypt “Upper Egypt” and the Nile flows north, defying the laws of gravity.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Also, there are no human rights and they shut down the whole country for a whole month to celebrate Ramadan (which, Ham d’Allah, ended over the weekend).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>There, that’s me being condescending.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We got off to a wild start by looking at some <a href="">dams</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Spirits were low, as we were tired and hot.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And when I say hot, I mean rul hot.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Aswan is on the ominously named Tropic of Cancer, which has been described as the equator’s little brother.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And when I say spirits were low, we were looking at dams.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The day took a positive turn though when we were ferried out to <a href="">Philae temple</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was here that it first hit me how awesome ancient Egypt is.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>These guys were dragging and decorating stones thousands of years ago, and here I am sitting on it today, still being able to make out what they drew.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I can’t read my handwriting five minutes after writing it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It also became apparent I was not going to be able to understand our tour guide, so all historical information in this post is pure speculation.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">After seeing the temple we checked into the ship, <a href="">Princess Sarah</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We grabbed some grub and then were ferried out to a <a href="">Nubian village</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The Nubians are the native people living below the Egypt you normally think of, though there seems to be a fare bit of overlap.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The ride out there was probably the most entertaining part.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Within a minute of leaving the dock our boat brushed another boat, sending the bumpers flying into my classmates sitting on that side of the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Then we passed a boat of what I took to be aspiring <a href="">Somali pirates</a>, who apparently have no fear of crocodiles or disease and were having the times of their lives splashing around the Nile.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Then we were attacked by these <a href="">submarine children</a>, who more or less popped out of the water and foam boards and attached themselves to our boat.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>They sang such classics as Row, row ,row your boat and the Wheels on the bus.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Then they asked for money and it was awkward so we shooed them away and on to the next boat.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I didn’t come to Egypt to make friends, damn it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Finally, after some <a href="">very scenic landscapes</a>, we arrived in the Nubian village.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Here camels were much more prevalent than cars and it seemed like we were more in Africa than the Middle East.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We were told we were going to be taught the Nubian alphabet, which I immediately tried to drop and pick up Nubian Prose, but that class was already full.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>So we learned the <a href="">Nubian alphabet</a> in the form of a song and then went to sit in this common area to drink tea.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>While sipping tea, we were informed that there were crocodiles in our midst!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And sure enough, in this covered pit, there were <a href="">crocodiles</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And they even offered us a chance to poke them with long sticks!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Holding half-dead lions one week, poking caged crocodiles the next.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I’ve turned into quite the wilderness man.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Next weekend I’m hoping to sit on a dead hippo.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">We returned to the ship, had dinner, then went to see what the night life in Aswan looked like.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We went to a market, suspiciously labeled “Tourist Market”, and checked the place out.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Everyone is trying to sell you everything, and one guy shouted “How can I take your money!”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I think he was going for how can I help you, but I think his broken English was much more clear.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>What was most shocking was how much mariwuana we were offered. It is forbidden in Egypt and the drug laws are extremely harsh, decades in jail for any kind of possession.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This kind of strict drug policy probably explains Call of Duty and Halo’s lack of popularity over here.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But I guess Aswan parties hard and the crew I was rolling with admittedly do look like <a href="">stoners</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was funny though cuz whenever we said no they always acted so confused, like they had no idea they had even asked a question.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We ended up hanging out at this boys only café, which I know sounds similar to most parties held at Connecticut Heights, but in this case girls weren’t allowed much less invited.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was pretty bro.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The next morning we woke up at 8 for bfast and then spent the rest of the morning <a href="">poolside</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>If I spent half my weekend eating, I spent the other half getting my tan on.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A lot of people in the know peg it as the missing piece of the puzzle for me cracking into People’s 100 Most Beautiful list.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Around ten or so we hoisted sail, lifted anchor, and most importantly, turned on the engine.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was a pretty surreal experience to be floating around in a pool with a sprawling <a href="">backdrop</a> of desert, grassland, and small towns all blending into each other.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We passed enough mosques to make <a href="">Ground Zero</a> appear like a non-secular city square in contrast to the Muslimist stronghold we all know it has become.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Soon we took another ferry to <a href="">Kom Ombo</a>, which was legit.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was one of the first cities with a hospital, has tunnels that go under the river, and a giant well like structure used for measuring the height of the river, called the <a href="">Nilometer</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I didn’t really capture the point of the Nilometer, as the actual Nile itself surrounded the island and it would be pretty apparent when there was a flood.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Also the tour guide made the absurd claim that this one stone pit that was connected to the Nilometer was a <a href="">hot tub</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A hot tub in the middle of a desert.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Okay “tour guide”, I’ve seen this stunt before in Slum Dog Millionaire.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But it was pretty cool, they had ancient depictions of surgery and the like.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>On the other hand, they also had ancient depictions of child birth, which I didn’t care for.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But my mind was elsewhere, for that night there was going to be a costume party!</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">For the low price of $15, I bought a two piece <a href="">gallibaya</a> with a scarf included! Talk about a deal.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Naturally I got blue to bring out my eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Mitch got black, Richie white, and Ryan wore a t-shirt but saved it by wearing a scarf and sun glasses, claiming to be the son of an oil tycoon.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The costume party was pretty hyped up so we were all pretty excited.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Naturally, we got there first.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>After a half hour, it was pretty apparent my suitemates and I were some of the few who chose to participate in the costume party that evening.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But then the dancing started, and I just let myself go and forgot all my problems, like I do.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The night ended pretty disastrously, with Ryan challenging me to a juice drinking contest through straws.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I still haven’t felt well since.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But I won.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Needless to say, since I’m including my juice-drinking feats in this paragraph, the costume party was a letdown.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And we had an early morning the next day. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Wake up call at FIVE IN THE MORNING.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>After a weekend of little sleep, this displeased most of us.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>After Kom Ombo we cruised to the <a href="">Edfu temple</a>, which was striking in its sheer size.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was completed by Cleopatra, but that’s all I can tell you about it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We went back aboard and passed through <a href="">one of the locks</a> they have on the Nile.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The locks are used to make the ride smoother to change elevations, but after immediately crashing into the left hand side of the canal I doubted their efficiency.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In the end it was pretty boring, but it gave me a good excuse to get a good calf-tan on. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Not long after we set off for the Valley of the Kings, where no cameras were allowed, adding to the mystique.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was awesome, but so hot.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I don’t know why the ancient Egyptians chose to ride out to the middle of the desert to dig so far down in the earth.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Seems to me we passed a lot of real estate on the way there that would have sufficed.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Just another way I could have built the world better.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But yeah it was very cool, a lot of the tombs had the original paint still on them.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And the hieroglyphics were amazing.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Probably a hundred yards of them detailing Ramses’ life.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Either he led quite the life or it takes forever to spell anything using birds and eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I like to believe the latter, if only to convince myself it would take 100 yards to sum up my life in birds and eyes. Then again FIFA is only four letters. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I’ll never get tired of FIFA jokes, so don’t ask.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">All that was left on the cruise was <a href="">Luxor Temple</a>, but what a way to finish.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was dark by that point, but they do a nice job of illuminating it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The obelisk was pretty intense.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I know we have the Washington monument, but I think the absence of goose crap on the obelisk added something to it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The other cool thing here was the Sphinx Avenue, which has scores of little sphinxes all lined up.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>After viewing the temple, we went back to the cruise to enjoy the last supper.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>By eleven, we were on the way to the airport and by four Monday morning we were back on campus.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And so ended one of the greatest weekends of my life.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>To console myself, I ate three <a href="">falafels</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher Day my Arabic Minor Died; alternatively titled Death by Falafel<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Subtitled: A Two-Page Expose on the Reasons I dropped Arabic and the Deliciousness of Falafels</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">When I say the highlight of my first day at school was a falafel, I’m not saying I had a bad day, I’m saying I had a heck of a falafel.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>My first day was actually pretty good; I had an insightful epiphany, I cut loose the anchor that has been dragging me down for two years, Arabic, and we got our janitor fired!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ham d’Allah!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">My day got off to a nervey start when I showed up at my first class and there was only one other girl there.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>No teacher, no other students.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It was hear I first heard of Ramadan schedule.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Apparently, during the holy month of Ramadan, the normal schedule goes out the window and classes start at different times than advertized.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But still, my arrival time would have only put me fifteen minutes late, and there should’ve been class.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>That’s when I first heard of Ramadan week.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Apparently, some teachers find it pointless to teach during a week when students are unlikely to show up and the adding/dropping of courses is happening at such an absurd rate.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>So it was a decent introduction to school in Egypt.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The real turning point in my day/life is when I got to colloquial Arabic class.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>See, I had signed up for both Egyptian Arabic and standard Arabic, and later found out both meet every single day of the week.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I was looking forward to colloquial Arabic class because it was a 100 level course so I couldn’t be behind.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The panic set in while sitting there for a half hour before class started (thanks again to Ramadan scheduling) socializing with my “peers”.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The girl to the left of me was reading Harry Potter in Arabic.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I have friends stateside who can’t finish Harry Potter books in English.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But that’s what I get for hanging out with second-graders.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The guy next to me was biting his fingernails, worrying he wouldn’t be ready.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I’m like bro, it’s an introductory course, there is no such thing as ready.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Then he told me a year’s studying of standard Arabic was still required. No big deal, I had studied it for two.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Then this guy goes on to say how at the University of Chicago (never heard of it) they have Arabic class five days a week, and in addition to that have two hours of conversation with their professor a week.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This surprised me, because if I said all the Arabic words I know three times in a row it wouldn’t take up five minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The same kid went on to say how he has forty hours of math homework a week.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Class began before I could ask him when he finds the time to Facebook and play FIFA and do other things necessary to sustain life.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Class was pretty much exclusively in Arabic, and I couldn’t follow so I had a lot of time to think. And it occurred to me right then and there, crystal clear, I wanted absolutely nothing to do with Arabic.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Travel blog pioneer Mark Twain once advised, “Don’t let schooling interfere with your education.” And that’s exactly what Arabic was in danger of doing.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I came to Egypt to get an unforgettable experience, and studying Arabic every night for five hours would be an experience e I would want to forget.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Life is too short to be spent learning Arabic.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A lot of respect for people who are sticking through the hard times and learning the language, I’m sure it will eventually pay dividends.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But it is not like I have any plans to use Arabic in my career plans.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>So I think in addition to my Public Communication major I’ll pick up a Lit minor, to show future employers not only can I speak and write, but read too.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Triple threat! The add/drop room was an imitation of the New York Stock exchange.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>People we’re just shouting classes they were dropping, and other kids would shout back they’re adding those classes and then shout what they’re dropping.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>After writing that I realize that’s nothing like the New York Stock exchange, my bad.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>To replace my Arabic classes I ended up with this International Development course (should be easy after I ran Chemonics for the summer) and this Romanticism Literature course, so expect to see a heavy Edgar Allen Poe influence of future blog posts.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">In the midst of my epiphanizing, I discovered the local Egyptian place on campus.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And love was born.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Three pound falafel sandwiches!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>As in sixty cent falafels, they weigh about what you would expect, significantly less than three pounds.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The falafel was wrapped in pita and covered in sauce and was one of the most delicious things I have ever enjoyed.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And at sixty cents, it looks like it’ll be falafels for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and dessert.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And I wouldn’t have it any other way.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Alternatively, there is the Magnum Falafel, and it lives up to the name.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Coming in at six pounds (about a dollar), this is the falafel sandwich with a fried egg, beans, and french-fries packed into it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>As Magnum enthusiast Phil Hopkins noted, “It’s an explosion of protein!”</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A less successful food venture of mine was the ice cream soda I ordered.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>After embarrassing our nation in basketball (this Egyptian and Thai kid ran train over us), my friends and I went to the café for some ice cream as a pick me up of sorts.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The ice cream soda caught my eye, and I got pretty pumped for it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>When I ordered it, however, the guy behind the counter gave a look like I was speaking my version of <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Arabic or something equally impossible to understand.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>He went back to the kitchen and consulted for a few minutes, came out, cracked open a non-alcoholic beer, threw a few cubes of ice in there, a scoop of chocolate ice cream and stuck a straw in it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The worst thing I ever tasted.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I ate it though because I have an eating problem.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">On kind of a sad/happy/mixed-feeling note, our beloved, thieving janitor Mohammad was asked to hand in his mop today.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>At AUC, the janitors come right into your apartment and clean the common area, and will clean your room if you leave the door open.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I didn’t see it, but I imagine the head janitor took the mop and snapped it over his knee, signally the end of Mohammad’s reign of terror.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>About a week ago Ryan’s camera had been taken, and Mohammad was the only one who could have possibly been in Ryan’s room when it went missing.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Typical to Ryan’s laid-back attitude on life, he didn’t pursue it but we made sure to always leave our rooms locked after that.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ryan’s the same kid who when informed there was no food left in our apartment, just about everything was closed down on campus, and starvation was imminent, shrugged, looked at me and said, “Dude, I’m over it.”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Anyways, we treated Mohammad as a suspect but continued to let him take out our garbage.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Then, this morning as Richie and Mitch were in the shower (we have two showers), Mohammad went into their rooms and took two hundred pounds each.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Richie walked in while he was closing the drawer Richie kept his money in, and when Richie counted it he was short.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>They logged a complaint, and an hour later he was fired.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Swift justice!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But we never got the camera or money back, leading me to assume they took us at our word that he was stealing, and fired him without any real evidence.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But in all honesty there is no doubt in mind he was stealing.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">I would have liked to have said goodbye and thanks, but both terms would’ve really stretched my knowledge of Arabic.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher's a Sexy Bitch<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href=""><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5512129717282850514" /></a> <br /><i>Ignore the picture for now. It is beyond my technological capabilities to put it where I want to. </i><div><i> <br /></i></div><div><i> </i>Tonight was best summed up by Richie's initial observation after getting off the bus: "Hmmm, I expected more campfires and less Christmas lights." <div> <br /></div><div>We had just had an hour and a half ride out to the Bedouin Night Sohour, which had been advertised as an authentic look at the Bedouin culture. For those of you who aren't familiar with Bedouins, look them up on Wikipedia. Basically, they're desert folk. The fliers at school promised a real Bedouin meal, dancing horses, and even a chance to ride a horse or a camel. Of course, I had no plans to ride any camels tonight.</div><div> <br /></div><div>Fear of camels aside, I was pumped and ready to get my desert on tonight. I was a little surprised when we pulled off the highway across from what appeared to be the Egyptian version of a night club. And when we got off the bus, there was a dazzling display of Xmas lights with what sounded like nineties arabic pop blaring in the back ground. But what appeared to be a tacky tourist trap on the outside turned out to be a wild, no-rules, prostitute-dancing, David Guetta-loving haven on the inside. There were two women dancing on the stage, which immediately strikes you because no where else in Egypt have women sought attention like that. Then a local came up and told us that they were prostitutes, and that was "the best way to try Egyptian women." Having had some harrowing taxi rides due to local advice in the past few days, we decided there was little credibility in what Egyptians say and passed on the opportunity. </div><div> <br /></div><div>We hadn't been there ten minutes before "Sexy Bitch" came on, and then I knew I was in the right place. Who knew the Bedouins, a culture famous for their nomadic, centuries old life style, shared the same sense of music as American teenage girls (and me)? But then came the crowd pleaser. A real live lion! I use the term "live" loosely, as this poor creature had no teeth, no claws, and was pretty obviously heavily drugged. In the end it amounted to little more than a sack of bones with a lions face on it. Still worked for pictures though and you could get one in any pose you wanted for 35 pounds, or seven dollars. Heck of a deal.</div><div> <br /></div><div>Attempting to even further soak in the culture, we played AU quad enthusiasts and indulged in some shisha. We had to wait for the second bus to get there before we could eat the meal. And apparently that was the same measure being used to prepare the chicken, because as soon as the bus got there, the chicken was on our plates, clearly undercooked. I thought, well, I spent a summer in DC cooking chicken that wasn't much better done than this, I think my systems ready for this, inshallah (Allah willing). Had I been right, I wouldn't be up at three in the morning typing this.</div><div> <br /></div><div>Then came the dance show, and some actual Bedouin music. The most impressive, I thought, were the nimble stilts guys. They were all over the place. Some of the other dancers with sticks looked about as enthused as the lion. The twirly dancers, which isn't the technical name, but I forget it, were supposed to be the headliners, but people in the know tell me these twirly dancers were subpar. They're main grab factor is I suppose the length of time they twirl. I guess it's an acquired taste, like that for raw chicken. When two men came out dressed as a horse, I was pretty outraged. I was promised a dancing horse, and this farce had gone on long enough and I wasn't going to stand for it. Luckily, while looking up "farce" in my Arabic Dictionary, a real horse came out and started to dance. He actually danced much like I do, shuffling his feet with no upper body movement. Whatever works.</div><div> <br /></div><div>Lest you think I'm just a tough customer who can't be impressed, here's a feel-good story. Two nights ago we went down to the famous Egyptian market, Khan el-Khalili. It was awesome. The streets were more like alley ways, way too small for cars with little shops everywhere, and people coming up and trying to sell you everything. We wandered it for about two hours, and had the feeling that right there, right then was as Egypt as it gets. Also, we happened upon a kind of outdoor lounge, only to find some youths playing the World's Game, FIFA. I was tempted to throw down some pounds and challenge 'em to a game, but it was on Play Station. I can cross cultural boundaries, but not console boundaries. On the way back, in order to catch a cab, Richie decided it best to walk upstream through traffic, in traffic. That's all well and good for him, who apparently holds life cheaply, but I have a fruitful career as an Arabic translator ahead of me so I watched from the sidewalk. </div><div> <br /></div><div>The picture at the top is courtesy of Richard Roy's <a href="">photo-journal</a> of impoverished cats and kittens. Sorry, link only works for those exclusive few who are FBF's with Richie, but if you've seen one impoverished cat or kitten you've seen them all. </div><div> <br /></div><div>SPECIAL UPDATE: Richie's photos, some of which feature me, most of which feature cats, are now available to ALL! <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "> <a href="" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(59, 89, 152); text-decoration: underline; "></a></span></div><div> <br /></div><div> <br /></div></div><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher Misr-ables<p class="MsoNormal">As I predicted, the last six days weren’t nearly eventful as that first one.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>After bumming about the city for a few more days I moved into the dorms at the American University in Cairo.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The drive out here was eye-opening, in that there was absolutely nothing but construction to see.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We are quite literally in the middle of a desert. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">I have had a cell phone for a week and have gotten three texts.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>So this is how the other half lives!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The three texts were all from the phone company, confirming I had activated my phone.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>By the third I felt they were mocking me, as if to say you know you’re phone is on, why aren’t we seeing any activity on it?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I’m anticipating a fourth text from them suggesting a singles botche ball league or something.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The campus is really beautiful and new.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The food options: McDonalds, Subway, a bagel place, a candy shop, an Italian place, and a few small cafes.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Oh and there’s an Egyptian place too.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I hope I can adjust!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The campus has been pretty empty this week, but everyone says it will be packed in a short amount of time.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>For now, though, it’s just the international students.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Almost all the international students are Americaners, with the exception of my <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Canadian </i>roommate.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I tried to withhold any Canadian jokes for as long as possible, but that didn’t last long.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>He laughs though and put it gently, “USA and Canada have a brother-sister relationship.”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The fact that he put it gently is a clear indicator who the sister is in that relationship.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">On our first day we went to a nearby town, and there turned out to be a grocery market.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Not having very much Egyptian pounds with me, I made the rational decision to buy 30 eggs, the most versatile of foods. But it was all for naught as we soon discovered when we got back there were no pots, pans, plates or utensils for preparing the food.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Since then we’ve been observing the Ramadan tradition of fasting, with occasional snack food from the candy shop, as most of the other places aren’t open yet.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>When we finally do get a pot, I’m planning a Cool Hand Luke egg eating contest.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The next day all the international students went on a hellish trip to the old religious parts of Cairo.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I saw three churches, each more boring than the last (with the exception Baby Jesus occasionally hid in some of them), an equally boring abandoned temple, and the oldest mosque in Cairo, which political correctness obligates me to say was really interesting.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>And in truth that was probably my favorite.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A telling sign of the desperation of the group was when the tour guide asked, “Ok so do you all want to see another church or a dungeon?”<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>and everyone shouted dungeon without hesitation.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The dungeon was hot and cramped, but I didn’t mind; anything to feel again.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>When we returned eight hours later, Richie had moved in, but I was too tired and hungry to care.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A few hours later though we played some futbol with the Egyptians living on campus, which was a really good time.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The next day was Friday, when the campus and country shut down for the day, especially during Ramadan.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Nothing is more frustrating then spending a half hour lathering oneself in sunscreen, only to find out the pool is closed that day.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We are in the middle of the desert, but we may as well have been stranded in space.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>We had yet to master the AC, so things got very cold.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>There was absolutely nothing to do.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>One of the few times I walked out of my room, I found Mitch huddled over the Mr. Noodles cup he had bought, scraping the insides for some sustenance.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Things were dire.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The light at the end of the tunnel was an orientation lecture at 5 that promised food to all who came.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Right before we went Ryan arrived, equally excited about the prospect of food.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>An hour and half later of being told expulsion awaits those caught with alcohol and members of the opposite sex (and possibly playing cards?), there was still no food.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Luckily a place similar to AU’s tavern was open, where we had sandwiches and lived to see another day.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>After dinner we went on a falluca ride on the Nile, which is a sail boat. Ritchie and I went on a boat with about 15 Egyptians, and it was really nice.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The half hour ride convinced me of two things: I will never learn or speak Arabic, and I will die of second hand smoke before I leave here.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Besides that realization it was a pleasant ride, by all accounts.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">On the ride we saw some magnificent hotels which were very modern and luxurious.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>On the bus ride to and from, however, we saw terrible poverty.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The distribution of wealth is terrible here.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Half of all Egyptians live on less than a dollar a day, and the city is absolutely filthy in most areas.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I thought Chemonics was clearing this mess up?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Or have I been reading resumes for nothing all summer?!<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Also, one final note, it occurred to me during one of the nights I laid awake adjusting to the jet lag, that famous ex-pat Gertrude Stein or someone equally irrelevant to history had termed the generation after World War I the Lost Generation.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Now, as an ex-pat myself, I wonder if it is my place to term our generation the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Lost</i> Generation?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The series lasted about as long as the war, if not longer, and we certainly lost our innocence with all the deaths.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I don’t know, it seemed a more complete parallel at 3 in the morning, but maybe it’ll come back to me.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher and Camels, but Mostly Camels<div id="ms__id209"><em>OK so after writing this, it appears it is longer than your standard blog post, but believe me each word is necessary for the full effect of the story. So, while I realize only Mom and Leslie will read this in one sitting, maybe some of you lesser Adam-fans can break it up into chunks? Sorry!</em></div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id208"><em></em></div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id207"></div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id212">Today I dropped hundreds of dollars, got baked, became intimate with a minor, and wasn't even at the Delta Chi house. Instead, I was riding a camel to the Pyramids. The loss of hundreds of dollars wasn't too bad, since it was in Egyptian money and it came out to be like $50 American. And I got baked in the everyone-told-me-to-wear-more-sunscreen-but-I-didn't sense. And the minor was a sprightly 15-year-old boy named Rugul who I shared a camel with for an uncomfortable amount of time (really any amount of time is an uncomfortable amount of time to be riding double on a camel).</div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id211"></div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id210"></div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id213">To take a step back, the girls (<a href="">Emily</a>, <a href="">Maddie</a>, and Zoya) I am traveling with really don't waste time jumping into things. I linked their names to their blogs to make fact checking my stories easier for everyone. So read their blogs for more insightful and accurate but less entertaining blog posts. Zoya isn't trendy or self-centered enough to get a blog yet, but I expect the title to be something like In Love in Cairo, details to follow. </div><br /><br /><br /><div id="ms__id214">After a rather long flight, we stumbled through customs, and found the van the hotel sent for us. Everything that has been said about Cairo roads is true, and for me to summarize them here would be almost cliche. Which I know normally doesn't stop me, but this post is long enough as is.</div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id216"></div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id215">We got up rul early and had a delightful breakfast. The hotel we're staying at is in downtown Cairo and is run by a couple of Swiss ladies. It reminds me of that one scene from Apocalypse Now. You know, that one. We decided not to wait for the Pyrimads and hopped on the metro to Giza. You could tell we weren't in DC anymore because all the metro escalators were functioning and people acted like human beings. After getting off at Giza, taxi drivers ran up to us shouting prices. We are preetty much the easiest people in the world to convince, so whoever spoke to us last had us. That's when a nice young man came up and told us to take the bus, and he was going our way! We ended up taking a cab (the man was persistant!) and the young man, Omar, came with us. My tan must have climaxed as Mido, the cab driver, insisted on referring to me as President Obama. But thats as political as this blog gets, if you want to hear more on those subjects please refer to <a href="">Joe Wenner's blog</a>. Omar was really nice and spoke fluent English, and even paid for our taxi ride. We were then unceremoniously dropped off in this little store, where after five minutes of listening (thank god Omar came with us), I gathered we were negotiating for camels. Soon enough we had rented four camels and two guides, one of whom was Rugul, the boy I would get to know quite well in the next three hours. Omar didn't want to go, and now I know why, but he said he would wait for us and that we should go to his house tonight to break fast. Having not said no once this trip thus far, this was no time to break tradition.</div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id217"></div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id218">I'd like to meet the first man to ride a camel. It takes an interesting mind to look at one and think, "I want to sit on that." Camels are much taller in person, like at least twice as tall as a horse. Or maybe I just think horses are smaller than they actually are too. My guide told me my camel was a great guy, and the camel was nice and all, but he wasn't funny or anything. When the camel first stood up I thought I was going to die. When he kneeled down I thought I was going to die. In between I was thinking of the embarrassment that would follow when I died falling off a camel on my first day in Egypt. </div><br /><br /><br /><div id="ms__id219">We were making our way to the first pyramid when Rugul decides he wants to ride double. Without warning he got my camel to kneel down and then jumped into the saddle in front of me. Why didn't you bring your own camel, bro! So, as the camel stood up, I was straddling Rugul with the knowledge my life depended on it. It was too hot for me and Rugul to be glued together by sweat and the camel's gait made for uncomfortable rubbing. Don't guys get stoned to death for this kind of thing over here? For a variety of reasons, I let go of Rugul and spent the next two hours clinging to the back hump of the camel with every muscle in my body. </div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id221"></div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id220">We took a variety of pictures with a disappointing Sphinx and a pyramid or two. I hate to make it sound like I didn't have fun/am the biggest wuss in the world, but it's really hard to appreciate the last remaining ancient wonder of the world when you are faced with the prospect of getting back on that camel. Here's one thing I picked up: One of the pyramids has a gash in it from where Saladin's son tried to deconstruct it. No one wants to live in the shadow of his father, but this kid thought that knocking over a pile of rearranged stones would compare to beating back the crusades? I'd hate to be the guy that told him they couldn't even do that. Oh, this one Egyptian teenager did offer me 500 MILLION camels for Zoya! Little did he know that camels are my second least favorite form of currency, only losing to the Looney (Canada, if you're reading this, grow up). </div><br /><br /><br /><div id="ms__id222">After the long trek back to civilization Omar had a car waiting for us, along with his best friend Sayed who happened to be a tourism guide! Talk about luck. I grew skeptical of Omar and his friendliness, but still accepted a ride to the metro. The girls have no fear and promised we'd be back at five to break the fast of Ramadan when the sun went down. When we got back Sayed drove us to Omar's, which turned out to be more of Sayed's, who turned out to be Omar's half brother and he had a full family. The meal was good and Sayed and Omar are the nicest people you could ever meet. Their motives are still unclear, except for the fact that Omar made it pretty apparent he wants to marry Zoya. Zoya has a story ready that she's already engaged and is even wearing a ring to prove it. Ah, love! </div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id224"></div><br /><br /><div id="ms__id223">Now we're back and exhausted, but not too exhausted I couldn't write this monster of a blog post. I'm sure this day was exceptional in the things to talk about, so don't think this is an everyday occurance. </div><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher salaam al ekum!<div id="ms__id91">As I'm sure you are aware of by now, I've created a travel blog! My parents insist that I won't call them enough, which is sort of a self-fulfilling prophecy, and have suggested that I add them as Facebook friends. Obviously, if you have to ask to be my facebook friend, you'll never be my facebook friend. That said, if you are interested in topics ranging from the mundane to the eating of stale jumior mints, click <a href="">here</a> to see what Joe Gallagher really thinks about the latest internet conspiracy. So, as a healthy alternative, I've created this blog so instead of you spending time wondering what I'm doing in Cairo, now you can be reading about what I'm doing! Also, I remember almost nothing from my sophomore year trip to Germany (probably due to both those beers I drank while there), so I figure this will serve as a good journal of sorts. And maybe pictures? Should technology allow!</div><div id="ms__id94"> </div><div id="ms__id96"> </div><div id="ms__id95">The name of the blog is the Prince of Egypt, after one of my favorite DreamWorks characters of all time, Moses. While I hope to make better time than Moses did in traveling to places like Israel, you have to admire the man's desire to see new places (although his nearly pathologic desire to get out of Egypt is a bit worrisome). This title narrowly beat out "Ryan Cassidy and the Sun Fish Kid", after my roommates, but I couldn't confirm Richie has shown his tattoos to everyone at American, although I suspect he has. So yeah, check back when I've actually been to Egypt and hopefully I'll have something to say.</div><div id="ms__id92"> </div><div id="ms__id93"> </div><img src="" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Adam Gallagher | http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/SEtzG | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | refinedweb | 27,712 | 69.41 |
I have a main class in which Im trying to call on a function to create the menu but I keep getting this error:
error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: static int __cdecl Controller::menu(void)" (?menu@Controller@@SAHXZ) referenced in function _main
This is my main class.
#include "Main.h" using namespace std; int main () { Control:: menu(); return 0; }
this is the Main.h
#pragma once #include "Control.h" class Main: { public: Main(void); ~Main(void); int main(); };
the Control.h:
#pragma once #include <iostream> class Control { public: Control(void); ~Control(void); static int menu (); };
and finally the control cpp file:
#include "Control.h" using namespace std; static int menu () { bunch of menu code return 0; }
I think it's something simple but I just cant figure it out. I tried removing static as well as changing the function to a void function, but neither worked. | http://www.developersite.org/1002-200-c2b2b | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | refinedweb | 147 | 63.09 |
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Posts I've Made
In Topic: Looking for something to do.
Posted 15 May 2013
In Topic: Buttons
Posted 15 May 2013
button.setEnabled(false);
In Topic: Facing calculator app error in android
Posted 8 May 2013One of the best things you can learn is how to use the debugger. Set a breakpoint at the beginning of the method and step through until you see which variable is null where it shouldn't be.
There are a ton of tutorials out on the internet on how to use the debugger.
In Topic: Facing calculator app error in android
Posted 8 May 2013
final Double number1D = Double.parseDouble(number1);
You don't want to parse the number into a double in the onCreate method as the user has not had the opportunity to enter anything in yet. You are therefore getting the exception as there is no string in the edittext to convert.
You need to instead parse the numbers when the user presses a button (implying that they have already entered something). But to be on the safe side, do some error checking first to make sure that you have some text to parse.
In Topic: I need an easy way to put a pop-up window
Posted 23 Apr 2013You need to import it first
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
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Michael2601 Mar 2013 - 03:18
Ryano12128 Feb 2013 - 10:32
Michael2628 Feb 2013 - 10:27
Ryano12106 Feb 2013 - 08:00
raghav.naganathan05 Feb 2013 - 20:35
_HAWK_29 Apr 2012 - 22:09 | http://www.dreamincode.net/forums/user/467842-ryano121/page__tab__posts | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | refinedweb | 341 | 57 |
Issues
On mssql, changing the nullable flag for a Boolean column will create another Check constraint
Here's a sample script: {{{
!python
import sqlalchemy as sa
from alembic import op
tests = sa.sql.table( 'tests', sa.sql.column('col', sa.Boolean()), )
def upgrade(): op.add_column('tests', sa.Column('col', sa.Boolean()))
op.execute(tests.update().values({'col': False})) op.alter_column('tests', 'col', type_=sa.Boolean(), nullable=False)
def downgrade():
op.drop_column('tests', 'col', mssql_drop_check=True)
}}}
The downgrade function will fail, as the
mssql_drop_check flag only expects one check constraint, but there are two of them now.
this seems like user error, "type_" means you want to change the type of the column to "boolean". If you want to change just nullability, you send the type along using "existing_type". "existing_type" is of course only needed because DB's like MSSQL and MySQL don't have proper ALTER commands.
However, I tried out "existing_type" and *that* seems to have a bug, in that it wants to *drop* the constraint. So the logic to drop/create constraints given types is refined in 50c7551d280fdaa099f15427b1627940181594f8 to include that the constraint is dropped only if existing_type *and* type_ is given, and additionally no constraints are impacted at all on dialects that don't need these constraints such as postgresql. | https://bitbucket.org/zzzeek/alembic/issues/62/on-mssql-changing-the-nullable-flag-for-a | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | refinedweb | 213 | 57.06 |
C# Do while loop is quite similar to the while loop except for one thing. In do while loop, the statements inside the loop execute once, and then it checks the condition. So do while guarantees to execute the statements of the loop at least once.
The syntax of the C# Do while loop is
do { statements; } while<boolean expression>
C# Do while loop Example
Let us see an example code using do while loop to read the value of integer n from user and print integers until n <= 5 returns true.
using System; namespace CSharp_Tutorial { class Program { static void Main() { Console.Write("Enter an integer {0}", " "); int n = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine(); do { Console.WriteLine(n); n++; } while (n <= 5); Console.ReadLine(); } } }
First output: input is 2
Here, control asks the user to enter some integer, and the input has given 2.
Now it prints the integer 2.
2++, which is 3
It will check the condition 2 <= 5, which returns true. Again the loop repeats by printing the n value, i.e., 3
3++, which is 4.
It will check the condition 3 <= 5, which returns true….
..
Until n value is 5, the loop will repeat. When n = 5, control prints the value five and then increments
5++ = 6
Now the condition 6 <= 5 returns false. So the C# control comes out of the loop
Second output: input is 6
Here, in this case, as usual, control reads the input six and enters the do loop.
The compiler prints the value 6 and increments, i.e., 6++ = 7.
Now it checks for condition 7 <= 5, which returns false. So it quits the loop by printing six as output. | https://www.tutorialgateway.org/csharp-do-while-loop/ | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | refinedweb | 282 | 74.69 |
JavaScript provides several kinds of operators, making it possible to carry out basic operations on simple values such as arithmetic operations, assignment operations, logical operations, bitwise operations, etc.
We often see JavaScript code that contains a mix of assignment operators, arithmetic operators, and logical operators. However, we don’t get to see bitwise operators in use that much.
JavaScript bitwise operators
~— Bitwise NOT
&— Bitwise AND
|— Bitwise OR
^— Bitwise XOR
<<— Left Shift
>>— Sign-Propagating Right Shift
>>>— Zero-Fill Right Shift
In this tutorial, we will take a look at all the JavaScript bitwise operators and try to understand how they are evaluated. We will also look at a few interesting applications for bitwise operators in writing simple JavaScript programs. This will require us to take a little peek at how JavaScript bitwise operators represent their operands as signed 32-bit integers. Come on, let’s do this already!
Bitwise NOT (
~)
The
~ operator is a unary operator; thus, it takes only one operand. The
~ operator performs a NOT operation on every bit of its operand. The result of a NOT operation is called a complement. The complement of an integer is formed by inverting every bit of the integer.
For a given integer — say,
170 — the complement can be computed using the
~ operator as follows:
// 170 => 00000000000000000000000010101010 // -------------------------------------- // ~ 00000000000000000000000010101010 // -------------------------------------- // = 11111111111111111111111101010101 // -------------------------------------- // = -171 (decimal) console.log(~170); // -171
JavaScript bitwise operators convert their operands to 32-bit signed integers in two’s complement format. Hence, when the
~ operator is used on an integer, the resulting value is the two’s complement of the integer. The two’s complement of an integer
A is given by
-(A + 1).
~170 => -(170 + 1) => -171
Here are a few points to note about the 32-bit signed integers used by JavaScript bitwise operators:
- The most significant (leftmost) bit is called the sign bit. The sign bit is always
0for positive integers, and
1for negative integers.
- The remaining 31 bits besides the sign bit are used to represent the integer. Therefore, the maximum 32-bit integer that can be represented is
(2^31 - 1), which is
2147483647, while the minimum integer is
-(2^31), which is
-2147483648.
- For integers that fall outside the 32-bit signed integer range, the most significant bits are discarded until the integer falls within range.
Here are the 32-bit sequence representations of some important numbers:
0 => 00000000000000000000000000000000 -1 => 11111111111111111111111111111111 2147483647 => 01111111111111111111111111111111 -2147483648 => 10000000000000000000000000000000
From the above representations, it is evident that:
~0 => -1 ~-1 => 0 ~2147483647 => -2147483648 ~-2147483648 => 2147483647
Found index
Most JavaScript built-in objects, such as arrays and strings, have some useful methods that can be used to check for the presence of an item in the array or a substring within the string. Here are some of those methods:
Array.indexOf()
Array.lastIndexOf()
Array.findIndex()
String.indexOf()
String.lastIndexOf()
String.search()
These methods all return the zero-based index of the item or substring, if it is found; otherwise, they return
-1. For example:
const numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]; console.log(numbers.indexOf(5)); // 2 console.log(numbers.indexOf(8)); // -1
If we are not interested in the index of the found item or substring, we could choose to work with a boolean value instead, such that
-1 becomes
false for items or substrings not found, and every other value becomes
true. Here is what that will look like:
function foundIndex (index) { return Boolean(~index); }
In the above code snippet, the
~ operator, when used on
-1, evaluates to
0, which is a falsy value. Hence, using
Boolean() to cast a falsy value to a boolean will return
false. For every other index value,
true is returned. Thus, the previous code snippet can be modified as follows:
const numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]; console.log(foundIndex(numbers.indexOf(5))); // true console.log(foundIndex(numbers.indexOf(8))); // false
Bitwise AND (
&)
The
& operator performs an AND operation on each pair of corresponding bits of its operands. The
& operator returns
1 only if both bits are 1; otherwise, it returns
0. Thus, the result of an AND operation is the equivalent of multiplying each pair of corresponding bits.
For a pair of bits, here are the possible values of an AND operation.
(0 & 0) === 0 // 0 x 0 = 0 (0 & 1) === 0 // 0 x 1 = 0 (1 & 0) === 0 // 1 x 0 = 0 (1 & 1) === 1 // 1 x 1 = 1
Turning off bits
The
& operator is commonly used in bit masking applications to ensure that certain bits are turned off for a given sequence of bits. This is based on the fact that for any bit
A:
(A & 0 = 0)— The bit is always turned off by a corresponding
0bit.
(A & 1 = A)— The bit remains unchanged when paired with a corresponding
1bit.
For example, say we have an 8-bit integer, and we want to ensure that the first 4 bits are turned off (set to
0). The
& operator can be used to achieve this as follows:
- First, create a bit mask whose effect will be to turn off the first 4 bits of an 8-bit integer. That bit mask will be
0b11110000. Note that the first 4 bits of the bit mask are set to
0, while every other bit is set to
1.
- Next, perform an
&operation using the 8-bit integer and the created bit mask:
const mask = 0b11110000; // 222 => 11011110 // (222 & mask) // ------------ // 11011110 // & 11110000 // ------------ // = 11010000 // ------------ // = 208 (decimal) console.log(222 & mask); // 208
Checking for set bits
The
& operator has some other useful bit masking applications. One such application is in determining whether one or more bits are set for a given sequence of bits. For example, say we want to check if the fifth bit is set for a given decimal number. Here is how we can use the
& operator to do that:
- First, create a bit mask that will be used to check whether the target bits (fifth bit, in this case) are set to 1. Every bit on the bit mask is set to 0 except the bits at the target positions, which are set to 1. The binary number literal can be used to easily achieve this:
const mask = 0b10000;
- Next, perform an
&operation using the decimal number and the bit mask as operands, and compare the result with the bit mask. If all the target bits are set for the decimal number, the result of the
&operation will be equal to the bit mask. Note that the
0bits in the bit mask will effectively turn off the corresponding bits in the decimal number, since
A & 0 = 0.
// 34 => 100010 // (34 & mask) => (100010 & 010000) = 000000 console.log((34 & mask) === mask); // false // 50 => 110010 // (50 & mask) => (110010 & 010000) = 010000 console.log((50 & mask) === mask); // true
Even or odd
The use of the
& operator in checking for set bits for a decimal number can be extended to check whether a given decimal number is even or odd. To achieve this,
1 is used as the bit mask (to determine whether the first bit or rightmost bit is set).
For integers, the least significant bit (first bit or rightmost bit) can be used to determine whether the number is even or odd. If the least significant bit is turned on (set to
1), the number is odd; otherwise, the number is even.
function isOdd (int) { return (int & 1) === 1; } function isEven (int) { return (int & 1) === 0; } console.log(isOdd(34)); // false console.log(isOdd(-63)); // true console.log(isEven(-12)); // true console.log(isEven(199)); // false
Useful identities
Before proceeding to the next operator, here are some useful identities for
& operations (for any signed 32-bit integer
A):
(A & 0) === 0 (A & ~A) === 0 (A & A) === A (A & -1) === A
Bitwise OR (
|)
The
| operator performs an OR operation on each pair of corresponding bits of its operands. The
| operator returns
0 only if both bits are 0; otherwise, it returns
1.
For a pair of bits, here are the possible values of an OR operation:
(0 | 0) === 0 (0 | 1) === 1 (1 | 0) === 1 (1 | 1) === 1
Turning on bits
In bit masking applications, the
| operator can be used to ensure that certain bits in a sequence of bits are turned on (set to
1). This is based on the fact that for any given bit
A:
(A | 0 = A)— The bit remains unchanged when paired with a corresponding
0bit.
(A | 1 = 1)— The bit is always turned on by a corresponding
1bit.
For example, say we have an 8-bit integer and we want to ensure that all the even-position bits (second, fourth, sixth, eighth) are turned on (set to
1). The
| operator can be used to achieve this as follows:
- First, create a bit mask whose effect will be to turn on every even-positioned bit of an 8-bit integer. That bit mask will be
0b10101010. Note that the even-positioned bits of the bit mask are set to
1, while every other bit is set to
0.
- Next, perform an
|operation using the 8-bit integer and the created bit mask:
const mask = 0b10101010; // 208 => 11010000 // (208 | mask) // ------------ // 11010000 // | 10101010 // ------------ // = 11111010 // ------------ // = 250 (decimal) console.log(208 | mask); // 250
Useful identities
Before proceeding to the next operator, here are some useful identities for
| operations (for any signed 32-bit integer
A):
(A | 0) === A (A | ~A) === -1 (A | A) === A (A | -1) === -1
Bitwise XOR (
^)
The
^ operator performs an XOR (exclusive-OR) operation on each pair of corresponding bits of its operands. The
^ operator returns
0 if both bits are the same (either 0 or 1); otherwise, it returns
1.
For a pair of bits, here are the possible values of an XOR operation.
(0 ^ 0) === 0 (0 ^ 1) === 1 (1 ^ 0) === 1 (1 ^ 1) === 0
Toggling bits
In bit masking applications, the
^ operator is commonly used for toggling or flipping certain bits in a sequence of bits. This is based on the fact that for any given bit
A:
- The bit remains unchanged when paired with a corresponding
0bit.
(A ^ 0 = A)
- The bit is always toggled when paired with a corresponding
1bit.
(A ^ 1 = 1)— if
Ais
0
(A ^ 1 = 0)— if
Ais
1
For example, say we have an 8-bit integer and we want to ensure that every bit is toggled except the least significant (first) and most significant (eighth) bits. The
^ operator can be used to achieve this as follows:
- First, create a bit mask whose effect will be to toggle every bit of an 8-bit integer except the least significant and most significant bits. That bit mask will be
0b01111110. Note that the bits to be toggled are set to
1, while every other bit is set to
0.
- Next, perform an
^operation using the 8-bit integer and the created bit mask:
const mask = 0b01111110; // 208 => 11010000 // (208 ^ mask) // ------------ // 11010000 // ^ 01111110 // ------------ // = 10101110 // ------------ // = 174 (decimal) console.log(208 ^ mask); // 174
Useful identities
Before proceeding to the next operator, here are some useful identities for
^ operations (for any signed 32-bit integer
A):
(A ^ 0) === A (A ^ ~A) === -1 (A ^ A) === 0 (A ^ -1) === ~A
From the identities listed above, it is evident that an XOR operation on
A and
-1 is equivalent to a NOT operation on
A. Hence, the
foundIndex() function from before can also be written like so:
function foundIndex (index) { return Boolean(index ^ -1); }
Left shift (
<<)
The left shift (
<<) operator takes two operands. The first operand is an integer, while the second operand is the number of bits of the first operand to be shifted to the left. Zero (
0) bits are shifted in from the right, while the excess bits that have been shifted off to the left are discarded.
For example, consider the integer
170. Let’s say we want to shift three bits to the left. We can use the
<< operator as follows:
// 170 => 00000000000000000000000010101010 // 170 << 3 // -------------------------------------------- // (000)00000000000000000000010101010(***) // -------------------------------------------- // = (***)00000000000000000000010101010(000) // -------------------------------------------- // = 00000000000000000000010101010000 // -------------------------------------------- // = 1360 (decimal) console.log(170 << 3); // 1360
The left shift bitwise operator (
<<) can be defined using the following JavaScript expressions:
(A << B) => A * (2 ** B) => A * Math.pow(2, B)
Hence, looking back at the previous example:
(170 << 3) => 170 * (2 ** 3) => 170 * 8 => 1360
Color conversion: RGB to hex
One very useful application of the left shift (
<<) operator is converting colors from an RGB representation to a hexadecimal representation.
The color value for each component of an RGB color is between
0 - 255. Simply put, each color value can be represented perfectly by 8 bits.
0 => 0b00000000 (binary) => 0x00 (hexadecimal) 255 => 0b11111111 (binary) => 0xff (hexadecimal)
Thus, the color itself can be perfectly represented by 24 bits (8 bits each for red, green, and blue components). The first 8 bits starting from the right will represent the blue component, the next 8 bits will represent the green component, and the 8 bits after that will represent the red component.
(binary) => 11111111 00100011 00010100 (red) => 11111111 => ff => 255 (green) => 00100011 => 23 => 35 (blue) => 00010100 => 14 => 20 (hex) => ff2314
Now that we understand how to represent the color as a 24-bit sequence, let’s see how we can compose the 24 bits of the color from the values of the color’s individual components. Let’s say we have a color represented by
rgb(255, 35, 20). Here is how we can compose the bits:
(red) => 255 => 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 (green) => 35 => 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100011 (blue) => 20 => 00000000 00000000 00000000 00010100 // Rearrange the component bits and pad with zeroes as necessary // Use the left shift operator (red << 16) => 00000000 11111111 00000000 00000000 (green << 8) => 00000000 00000000 00100011 00000000 (blue) => 00000000 00000000 00000000 00010100 // Combine the component bits together using the OR (|) operator // ( red << 16 | green << 8 | blue ) 00000000 11111111 00000000 00000000 | 00000000 00000000 00100011 00000000 | 00000000 00000000 00000000 00010100 // ----------------------------------------- 00000000 11111111 00100011 00010100 // -----------------------------------------
Now that the procedure is pretty clear, here is a simple function that takes the RGB values of a color as an input array and returns the corresponding hexadecimal representation of the color based on the above procedure:
function rgbToHex ([red = 0, green = 0, blue = 0] = []) { return `#${(red << 16 | green << 8 | blue).toString(16)}`; }
Sign-propagating right shift (
>>)
The sign-propagating right shift (
>>) operator takes two operands. The first operand is an integer, while the second operand is the number of bits of the first operand to be shifted to the right.
The excess bits that have been shifted off to the right are discarded, whereas copies of the sign bit (leftmost bit) are shifted in from the left. As a result, the sign of the integer is always preserved, hence the name sign-propagating right shift.
For example, consider the integers
170 and
-170. Let’s say we want to shift three) // -------------------------------------------- // = (111)11111111111111111111111101010(***) // -------------------------------------------- // = 11111111111111111111111111101010 // -------------------------------------------- // = -22 (decimal) console.log(170 >> 3); // 21 console.log(-170 >> 3); // -22
The sign-propagating right shift bitwise operator (
>>) can be described by the following JavaScript expressions:
(A >> B) => Math.floor(A / (2 ** B)) => Math.floor(A / Math.pow(2, B))
Thus, looking back at the previous example:
(170 >> 3) => Math.floor(170 / (2 ** 3)) => Math.floor(170 / 8) => 21 (-170 >> 3) => Math.floor(-170 / (2 ** 3)) => Math.floor(-170 / 8) => -22
Color extraction
One very good application of the right shift (
>>) operator is extracting RGB color values from a color. When the color is represented in RGB, it is very easy to distinguish between the red, green, and blue color component values. However, it will take a bit more effort for a color represented as hexadecimal.
In the previous section, we saw the procedure for composing the bits of a color from the bits of its individual components (red, green, and blue). If we work through that procedure backwards, we will be able to extract the values of the individual components of the color. Let’s give that a shot.
Let’s say we have a color represented by the hexadecimal notation
#ff2314. Here is the signed 32-bit representation of the color:
(color) => ff2314 (hexadecimal) => 11111111 00100011 00010100 (binary) // 32-bit representation of color 00000000 11111111 00100011 00010100
To get the individual components, we will right-shift the color bits by multiples of 8 as necessary until we get the target component bits as the first 8 bits from the right. Since the most significant bit of the 32 bits for the color is
0, we can safely use the sign-propagating right shift (
>>) operator for this.
color => 00000000 11111111 00100011 00010100 // Right shift the color bits by multiples of 8 // Until the target component bits are the first 8 bits from the right red => color >> 16 => 00000000 11111111 00100011 00010100 >> 16 => 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 green => color >> 8 => 00000000 11111111 00100011 00010100 >> 8 => 00000000 00000000 11111111 00100011 blue => color >> 0 => color => 00000000 11111111 00100011 00010100
Now that we have the target component bits as the first 8 bits from the right, we need a way to mask out every other bits except the first 8 bits. That brings us back to the AND (
&) operator. Remember that the
& operator can be used to ensure that certain bits are turned off.
Let’s start by creating the required bit mask. That would look like this:
mask => 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 => 0b11111111 (binary) => 0xff (hexadecimal)
With the bit mask ready, we can carry out an AND (
&) operation on each of the results from the previous right-shifting operations using the bit mask to extract the target component bits.
red => color >> 16 & 0xff => 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 => & 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 => = 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 => 255 (decimal) green => color >> 8 & 0xff => 00000000 00000000 11111111 00100011 => & 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 => = 00000000 00000000 00000000 00100011 => 35 (decimal) blue => color & 0xff => 00000000 11111111 00100011 00010100 => & 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 => = 00000000 00000000 00000000 00010100 => 20 (decimal)
Based on the above procedure, here is a simple function that takes a hex color string (with six hexadecimal digits) as input and returns the corresponding array of RGB color component values.
function hexToRgb (hex) { hex = hex.replace(/^#?([0-9a-f]{6})$/i, '$1'); hex = Number(`0x${hex}`); return [ hex >> 16 & 0xff, // red hex >> 8 & 0xff, // green hex & 0xff // blue ]; }
Zero-fill right shift (
>>>)
The zero-fill right shift (
>>>) operator behaves pretty much like the sign-propagating right shift (
>>) operator. However, the key difference is in the bits that are shifted in from the left.
As the name implies,
0 bits are always shifted in from the left. As a result, the
>>> operator always returns an unsigned 32-bit integer since the sign bit of the resulting integer is always
0. For positive integers, both
>> and
>>> will always return the same result.
For example, consider the integers
170 and
-170. Let’s say we want to shift 3) // -------------------------------------------- // = (000)11111111111111111111111101010(***) // -------------------------------------------- // = 00011111111111111111111111101010 // -------------------------------------------- // = 536870890 (decimal) console.log(170 >>> 3); // 21 console.log(-170 >>> 3); // 536870890
Config flags
Before we wrap up this tutorial, let’s consider another pretty common application of bitwise operators and bit masking: config flags.
Let’s say we have a function that accepts a couple of
boolean options that can be used to control how the function runs or the kind of value it returns. One possible way to create this function is by passing all the options as arguments to the function, probably with some default values, like so:
function doSomething (optA = true, optB = true, optC = false, optD = true, ...) { // something happens here... }
Surely, this isn’t so convenient. Here are two cases in which this approach starts getting quite problematic:
- Imagine that we have more than 10 boolean options. We just can’t define our function with that many parameters.
- Imagine that we just want to specify a different value for the fifth and ninth options and leave the others with their default values. We will need to call the function, passing the default values as arguments for all the other options while passing the desired values for the fifth and ninth options.
One way to solve the issues with the previous approach would be to use an object for the config options, like so:
const defaultOptions = { optA: true, optB: true, optC: false, optD: true, ... }; function doSomething (options = defaultOptions) { // something happens here... }
This approach is very elegant, and you’ve most likely seen it used, or even used it yourself at some point or another. With this approach, however, the
options argument will always be an object, which can be considered overkill for just configuration options.
If all the options take boolean values, we could use an integer instead of an object to represent the options. In this case, certain bits of the integer will be mapped to designated options. If a bit is turned on (set to
1), the designated option’s value is
true;otherwise, it is
false.
We can demonstrate this approach using a simple example. Let’s say we have a function that normalizes the items of an array list containing numbers and returns the normalized array. The returned array can be controlled by three options, namely:
- fraction: divides each item of the array by the maximum item in the array
- unique: removes duplicate items from the array
- sorted: sorts the items of the array from lowest to highest
We can use an integer with 3 bits to represent these options, each bit being mapped to an option. The following code snippet shows the option flags:
const LIST_FRACTION = 0x1; // (001) const LIST_UNIQUE = 0x2; // (010) const LIST_SORTED = 0x4; // (100)
To activate one or more options, the
| operator can be used to combine the corresponding flags as necessary. For example, we can create a flag that activates all the options, as follows:
const LIST_ALL = LIST_FRACTION | LIST_UNIQUE | LIST_SORTED; // (111)
Again, let’s say we want only the fraction and sorted options to be activated by default. We could use the
| operator again, as follows:
const LIST_DEFAULT = LIST_FRACTION | LIST_SORTED; // (101)
While this doesn’t look bad with just three options, it tends to become quite messy when there are so many options, and a lot of them are required to be activated by default. In such a scenario, a better approach will be to deactivate the unwanted options using the
^ operator:
const LIST_DEFAULT = LIST_ALL ^ LIST_UNIQUE; // (101)
Here, we have the
LIST_ALL flag that activates all the options. We then use the
^ operator to deactivate the unique option, leaving other options activated as required.
Now that we have the option flags ready, we can go ahead and define the
normalizeList() function:
function normalizeList (list, flag = LIST_DEFAULT) { if (flag & LIST_FRACTION) { const max = Math.max(...list); list = list.map(value => Number((value / max).toFixed(2))); } if (flag & LIST_UNIQUE) { list = [...new Set(list)]; } if (flag & LIST_SORTED) { list = list.sort((a, b) => a - b); } return list; }
To check if an option is activated, we use the
& operator to check if the corresponding bit of the option is turned on (set to
1). The
& operation is carried out with the
flag argument passed to the function and the corresponding flag for the option, as demonstrated in the following code snippet:
// Checking if the unique option is activated // (flag & LIST_UNIQUE) === LIST_UNIQUE (activated) // (flag & LIST_UNIQUE) === 0 (deactivated) flag & LIST_UNIQUE
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Conclusion
Hey, I’m really glad that you made it to the end of this article despite the long read time, and I strongly hope that you learned a thing or two while reading it. Thanks for your time.
JavaScript bitwise operators, though sparingly used, have some pretty interesting use cases, as we’ve seen in this article. I strongly hope that the insights you’ve gotten in the course of reading this article will find expression in your day-to-day coding from now on.
Happy coding….
6 Replies to “Interesting use cases for JavaScript bitwise operators”
There’s a very handy trick that uses the & operator but has nothing to do with bitwise operations.
Let’s say you have unlined arrow functions, and thanks to e.g. prettier, they get formatted like this:
`window.addEventListener(‘click’, event => this.handleEvent(event))`
If you now quickly want to log the event, you can go like this:
`window.addEventListener(‘click’, event => console.log(event) & this.handleEvent(event))`
Using && here is not an option, as console.log doesn’t return anything truthy.
Rewriting to add curly brackets just to insert a second line for the console.log statement..just takes too long.
So what you can quickly do is prepend the log statement with a single `&` and both statements will be executed “in parallel”.
Of course this is only useful when dealing with side effects only and the return value of the inline function is not actually used.
Still i find it a useful trick to know.
Hello Jovica,
Nice use case you pointed out there. However, for cases like the one you mentioned above, I recommend using the Comma operator (`,`), which is what I normally use, like so:
`window.addEventListener(‘click’, event => (console.log(event), this.handleEvent(event)))`
The reason is because of the `&` operator will always return an integer while the `,` operator preserves the value of the last operand.
Here is a simple scenario, compare the returned values of these two functions:
FUNCTION 1:
`const stringifyAnd = data => console.log(data) & JSON.stringify(data);`
FUNCTION 2:
`const stringifyComma = data => (console.log(data), JSON.stringify(data));`
One piece not covered is bitwise shift, which is useful for setting flags in a clear way, for example.
const LIST_FRACTION = 1 << 0; // (001)
const LIST_UNIQUE = 1 << 1; // (010)
const LIST_SORTED = 1 << 2; // (100)
Beyond that, you don't need to check against the flag, since a match will be non-zero (truthy)
if (flag & LIST_UNIQUE) {}
Hi, Glad.
Nice article. Lots of good information.
Most of my programming is for discrete mathematics applications; I always have an eye open for ways to write more concise code and, ideally, programs that execute faster. If a built-in function, with its overhead, can be replaced by a simple bitwise operation, I tend to prefer the bitwise option.
Good to see you discussed the method for checking if an integer is odd:
if (value & 1)
Bitwise operators can also be used to floor or truncate a real number. For example, say you want to take just the integer part of a positive floating point number. You could do it several ways:
intVal = ~~floatVal;
intVal = floatVal | 0;
There are a few other ways to do it too. And keep in mind that if the numbers are negative, a check might have to be made first. BUT if you are working with positive numbers, this technique is good to keep in your back pocket for possible future use.
And bitwise operations can be used to swap two integer variables without the use of a third, temporary, variable. Again, sometimes handy.
One number manipulation technique I’d like to see: how to take the absolute value of a number by using bitwise operations. Any suggestion?
also you can use double bitwise NOT to round number ~~1.235 = 1
> `(2^32 – 1), which is 2147483647`
This is completely wrong. `(2^32 – 1)` is 4294967295. On the other hand 2147483647 equals to `(2^31 – 1)`. | https://blog.logrocket.com/interesting-use-cases-for-javascript-bitwise-operators/ | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | refinedweb | 4,615 | 58.92 |
In non-garbage collected languages like C++, programmers must take care of memory and resource management, you know exactly when your objects are destroyed, implicitly (scope rules) or explicitly (object deletion). The counterpart is that working with pointers commonly leads to memory leaks and resources never freed. Opposed to this, the .NET environment implements a garbage collector that automates memory management and handles unused object destruction, making the programmer's life simpler. Objects are not destroyed when they are out of scope, and you can�t destroy them explicitly. It�s the GC�s job to destroy them and free the memory used, this is called �collecting� and it is done under certain circumstances that won�t be explained here. This means that the GC collects when needed, and you have no control of the destruction of your objects.
Therefore, there are no special considerations to take when writing a class that doesn't make use of resources. But when your class holds a critical resource, you must release, you just can't rely on the GC because you can�t determine when it will run. The GC, upon collection, calls the finalizer of the object (in C#, the finalizer is the object destructor), thus, this is not a good place to release the resources owned by an object. In the .NET class library, the garbage collector is implemented as
System.GC in the assembly
mscorlib.
There is an interface in .NET you must implement to "mark" your class in order to provide a mechanism to release resources. This interface is
IDisposable (its full name is
System.IDisposable and can be found in assembly
mscorlib). And it has only one method you must implement:
Dispose(). This method does the cleaning work in your class. The destructor should call
Dispose() to ensure a clean exit in case you forgot to explicitly call it, but not if it has already been called. A proposed implementation is:
public class A : IDisposable { protected bool disposed = false; public A() { // acquire resource } ~A() { Dispose(false); } public void doSomething() { if (disposed) throw new ObjectDisposedException("object's name"); else { // do something } } public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (!disposed) { if (disposing) { // Call Dispose() on managed objects } // release unmanaged resource(s) held by this object disposed = true; } } }
A virtual method
Dispose(bool) manages resource deallocation for both managed and unmanaged resources.
disposing is a parameter to tell who called the method.
Dispose() will call
Dispose(true) and the destructor will call
Dispose(false). When instantiating class
A, all resource acquisition is made in the constructor, and when we are done with the object, we need to call
Dispose(true) from the public method
Dispose() to release all (both managed and unmanaged) resources. The destructor, called by the GC, also calls
Dispose(false) to clean unmanaged resources to ensure there are no leaks in our application. Calling
GC.SuppressFinalize() tells the GC not to call the object's destructor, for it just does what we have already done.
Dispose(bool disposing) is declared as
virtual so our derived classes can call it.
disposed is a flag to avoid calling
Dispose() more than once and to avoid using a released resource, an
ObjectDisposedException is thrown if this happens. Note that this implementation is not thread-safe, race conditions can happen.
The need to implement
Dispose(bool) arises because an object may hold both managed objects that need to be disposed and unmanaged resources. So, if you call
Dispose(true), you take care of all resources owned and that's all, but if you don't, the GC will take care and the owner object should no longer call
Dispose(true) on each of the owned managed objects because they may be already finalized. But you must always clean unmanaged resources by calling
Dispose(false).
Derived classes can easily extend this implementation:
public class B : A { public B() { // acquire more resources } ~B() { } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (!disposed) { if (disposing) { // Call Dispose() on our managed objects } // release unmanaged resources acquired in our constructor base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Creating an instance of
B calls
B's constructor, which in turn calls
A's default constructor before exiting.
B's destructor does nothing, it only follows the destruction chain calling
A's destructor (in fact, we can obviate it, and when the GC claims the object, it will call
A's destructor because it's inherited by
B). Anyway, we reach
A's destructor where
Dispose(false) is called. But
Dispose(bool) is overridden, it was declared as
virtual in
A so the right
Dispose(bool) in the right class is called in
A's destructor. If it weren't declared as
virtual,
A.Dispose(bool) would be called thereby not calling
B.Dispose(bool) and never releasing
B's unmanaged resources.
Taking a closer look to our example, the output of Ildasm.exe says:
(
~A() is translated as
A.Finalize() when compiled to IL).
.method family hidebysig virtual instance void Finalize() cil managed { // Code size 17 (0x11) .maxstack 2 .try { IL_0000: ldarg.0 IL_0001: ldc.i4.0 IL_0002: callvirt instance void Test.A::Dispose(bool) IL_0007: leave.s IL_0010 } // end .try finally { IL_0009: ldarg.0 IL_000a: call instance void [mscorlib]System.Object::Finalize() IL_000f: endfinally } // end handler IL_0010: ret } // end of method A::Finalize
The compiler automatically generates code to control exceptions, it puts our code inside a
try/
finally block ensuring chain destruction by calling the base class destructor inside the
finally block. Also, if the virtual call to
Dispose(bool) throws an exception and it is not handled, the program continues with the execution flow. If exceptions are not properly handled inside every
Dispose() method, resource leaks can occur.
C# has the
using statement that allows you to acquire one or multiple resources, use them in a block, and automatically call
Dispose() in each of them.
public class AppClass { public static void Main() { using (B a = new B()) { Console.WriteLine(a.ToString()); }; } }
This block of code translates to IL in the following manner:
.method public hidebysig static void Main() cil managed { .entrypoint // Code size 30 (0x1e) .maxstack 1 .locals init ([0] class Test.B a) IL_0000: newobj instance void Test.B::.ctor() IL_0005: stloc.0 .try { IL_0006: ldloc.0 IL_0007: callvirt instance string [mscorlib]System.Object::ToString() IL_000c: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) IL_0011: leave.s IL_001d } // end .try finally { IL_0013: ldloc.0 IL_0014: brfalse.s IL_001c IL_0016: ldloc.0 IL_0017: callvirt instance void [mscorlib]System.IDisposable::Dispose() IL_001c: endfinally } // end handler IL_001d: ret } // end of method AppClass::Main
That is the same as coding:
B a = new B(); try { Console.WriteLine(a.ToString()); } finally { if (a != null) a.Dispose(); }
using also allows declaring more than one identifier of the same type:
using (B a1 = new B(), a2 = new B()) { // do something }
The
using statement executes the statement block disposing the objects when the end of the statement is reached or when an exception is thrown.
The non-deterministic object destruction provided by the GC forces us to take special care when working with objects wrapping resources:
IDisposable.
IDisposableprovides the contract a class must implement for correct resource use.
Dispose()calls
Dispose(true)to release all resources and tells the GC not to call the destructor.
Dispose(bool)as
virtualand calling the inherited method from the derived classes.
Dispose()invocation through the
usingstatement.
Dispose(false)in the destructor. Just in case...
Dispose()more than once shouldn�t do anything.
ObjectDisposedException.
General
News
Question
Answer
Joke
Rant
Admin | http://www.codeproject.com/KB/cs/gcresdealloc.aspx | crawl-002 | refinedweb | 1,257 | 57.77 |
This is my program:
There is a secret government organization called PIB which only accepts recruits who fit
their criteria (shown below). If you fit any of the combinations of criteria, then you can
apply to work for PIB. Write a program which asks the user appropriate questions (ask
all the questions up front) and then determines if the candidate is acceptable. Use the
screen shots as a guide.
Here are the rules:
• If you are male between the ages of 18 and 30 (inclusive) you may apply.
• If you are female between the ages of 18 and 32 (inclusive) you may apply.
• If you are male between the ages of 18 and 35 (inclusive) and either were in the
military or you can do at least 50 pushups in a row you may apply.
• If you are female between the ages of 18 and 40 (inclusive) and either were in the
military or you can do at least 30 pushups in a row you may apply.
• No one else is eligible.
I have this so far:
#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main () { int age; int pushups; string name; string gender = "m"; string answer = "yes"; while (answer == "yes") { cout << "What is your full name? "; getline(cin, name); cout << "How old are you? "; cin >> age; cout << "Were you ever in the military <yes/no>? "; cin >> answer; cout << "How many pushups can you do in a row? "; cin >> pushups; cout << "Are you <m>ale or <f>emale? "; cin >> gender; } }
I need my program to out put the message: Yes, <name>, you may apply.....If they meet the criteria above. If they don't meet the criteria, then it needs to say "Sorry, <name>, you are not eligible."
I have been working on it all day and I can't seem to figure out a way to compare everything. It has to be in a while loop with if statements. | https://www.daniweb.com/programming/software-development/threads/150660/another-problem | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | refinedweb | 320 | 80.11 |
05-17-2022 02:31 AM
05-17-2022 02:31 AM
How to get XPath in Script from Alias
How do I get the XPath from an Alias in a Python Script. So not the full path but ONLY the XPath that it is actually mapped to.
So not alias.Name wich would result in: "FindElement('xpath=//fro-input-wrapper[contains(@data-testid, \"FREQUENCY\")]//input')"
But only the XPath, so like: "//fro-input-wrapper[contains(@data-testid, \"FREQUENCY\")]//input"
Solved! Go to Solution.
Labels:
- Labels:
- Keyword Tests
- Script Tests
2 REPLIES 2
05-19-2022 09:28 AM
05-19-2022 09:28 AM
Occasional Contributor
06-23-2022 04:04 AM
06-23-2022 04:04 AM
@mikef We only use the "data-testid" tag. So we only have one selector for every object that we map. But since TestComplete does apparently not support a good answer to the question I asked, I wrote my own script for that purpose. For anyone interested here it is.
def get_alias_xpath(alias): TimeoutValue = Options.Run.Timeout Options.Run.Timeout = 0 tmp = alias.Name xpath = tmp[13::] aliasxpath = xpath[:-2].replace("xpath=", "").replace('\"', '"') Options.Run.Timeout = TimeoutValue return aliasxpath
| https://community.smartbear.com/t5/TestComplete-Questions/How-to-get-XPath-in-Script-from-Alias/m-p/233958/highlight/true | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | refinedweb | 197 | 59.7 |
Hello ! I’m Xavier Jouvenot and here is the third part of a long series on Advent Of Code. You can find the previous part here
For this new post, we are going to solve the second problem from the 4th December 2015, named "The Ideal Stocking Stuffer".The solution I will propose in C++, but the reasoning can be applied to other languages.
Part 1
The Problem
The full version of this problem can be found directly on the Advent of Code website, I will only describe the essence of the problem here:
Santa needs help mining AdventCoins, a wonderful crypto currency, to offer as preset to people.
For that, he needs to find the
MD5 hashes which, in hexadecimal, start with at least five zeroes. The input to the MD5 hash is some secret key followed by a decimal number. To help Santa, we must to find the lowest positive number (no leading zeroes: 1, 2, 3, …) that produces such a hash.
For example:
If your secret key is
abcdef, the answer is
609043, because the MD5 hash of
abcdef609043 starts with five zeroes (
000001dbbfa...), and it is the lowest such number to do so.
Solution
I don’t know for you, but, when I read the problem the first time, I was like : "What is happening here ? 😨". Then, I started to google some stuff, to make some sense about that.
First of all, I’ve looked at what MD5 is, which, as Wikipedia explains very well, is a widely used message-digest algorithm producing 128-bit hash value.After taking a look at the pseudo code of the algorithm in the Wikipedia, it comes to my mind that the widely used of the definition means that other people may have already implemented this algorithm. And after a bit of research, I’ve found that the library OpenSSL has an implementation of MD5. So, I included the OpenSSL library using Cmake and the package Manager Conan (I will explain how I did it in another post). And voilà, now, i can do
#include <openssl/md5.h> 😃.
Now that we have the function md5 available, we have two things to do.First, we have to make it easy to use. Since this algorithm is C code, we have to adapt it to use it with
std::string more easily and to make it more readable.So, I wrote a function
std::string getMD5(std::string key) which does exactly that. You can look at my implementaion here, but this is not an interesting part, for me. I will describe it, if some people reading this post wants more information about it.
Finally, we have to use this function, in order to solve the problem.
size_t result = 0; while (true) { const auto str = secretKey + std::to_string(result); const auto md5Result = getMD5(str); if(md5Result.substr(0, 5) == "00000") { break; } ++result; } std::cout << result;
And here we go. As you can see in this solution, we look at the 5 first characters of the md5 hash, and check if there are only
0. If this is not the case, then we try with the next number, but if this is the case, we can help Santa with the right answer 🎅.
Part 2
The Problem
Surprise, this is the same problem as the part 1 except to one "little" detail, we have to found the number which allow us to find the first hash starting with 6 zeros.
Solution
To find the solution, all we have to do, is to replace one line in our code:
// Old line if(md5Result.substr(0, 5) == "00000") // New line if(md5Result.substr(0, 6) == "000000")
And voilà, now we can compile, run our program and wait to have our solution. And we wait and wait again. Because yes, crypto currency is not fast to mine. As an example, in debug mode, it took
4.12 seconds on my machine to find the result of the first problem, but
146.18 seconds, more than 2 minutes to find the solution of the part 2 !And in release mode, it took
3.47 seconds for the first problem and
34.24 seconds for the second one.
Of course, there are ways to improve this solution I just described, and running some benchmarks on this solution could help to mine faster, but, this is not the purpose of this post.And even if it took more than 2 minutes, it is very satisfying to have helped Santa 😉.
Conclusion
You can note that the solutions written in this post, don’t include all the sources to make running programs, but only the interesting part of the sources to solve this problem.If you want to see the programs from end to end, you can go on my GitHub account, explore the full solution, add comments or ask questions if you want to.
Here is the list of std methods and containers that we have used, I can’t encourage you enough to look at their definitions :
Thanks for you reading, hope you liked it 😃
And until next part, have fun learning and growing.
Discussion (0) | https://dev.to/10xlearner/advent-of-code-the-ideal-stocking-stuffer-puzzle-4-c6c | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | refinedweb | 856 | 77.98 |
Environment Variables, the Ruby way
Use Nenv for clean access to the environment
Ruby is a beautiful language. Programs written in Ruby are expressive and easy to read.
So when it comes time to use environment variables in Ruby, it looks like the program is screaming at you with all caps. Add the fact that there everybody handles boolean environment variables differently — should you compare to ‘true’, ‘TRUE’, ‘yes’, ‘1' or all of them—and you will see that there is room for improvements.
A new gem called Nenv makes it all go away. It provides several Ruby-isms for dealing with environment variables.
It makes checking boolean environment variables expressive and beautiful.
It makes configuring packages from the environment pretty by adding the concept of namespaces to groups of variables that share the same prefix.
So go ahead, make your code beautiful and add Nenv to your Gemfile today! | https://medium.com/@jvanier/environment-variables-the-ruby-way-44d1b9ca5b1?utm_source=my_website&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=website | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | refinedweb | 150 | 63.29 |
camera_get_zoom_ratio_from_zoom_level()
Retrieves the zoom ratio corresponding to a given zoom level.
Synopsis:
#include <camera/camera_api.h>
camera_error_t camera_get_zoom_ratio_from_zoom_level(camera_handle_t handle, uint32_t zoom_level, double *zoom_ratio)
Since:
BlackBerry 10.3.0
Arguments:
- handle
The handle returned by a call to the camera_open() function.
- zoom_level
The zoom level to retrieve a corresponding zoom ratio for.
- zoom_ratio
A pointer to a double value which will be set to the magnification at the given zoom level.
Library:libcamapi (For the qcc command, use the -l camapi option to link against this library)
Description:
Use this function to retrieve the zoom ratio associated with a given zoom level. The zoom ratio describes the amount of magnification applied to the scene being photographed. For example: A zoom ratio of 1.0 indicates that no magnification is being applied to the image. A zoom ratio of 2.0 indicates that 1/2 of the width 1/2 of the height of the scene is pictured when compared to the 1.0 zoom ratio.
Returns:
CAMERA_EOK when the function successfully completes, otherwise another camera_error_t value that provides the reason that the call failed.
Last modified: 2014-06-24
Got questions about leaving a comment? Get answers from our Disqus FAQ.comments powered by Disqus | http://developer.blackberry.com/native/reference/core/com.qnx.doc.camera.lib_ref/topic/camera_get_zoom_ratio_from_zoom_level.html | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | refinedweb | 205 | 51.65 |
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why cant we declare a (static) variable inside the case of a switch? I saw that a pointer variable declaration is possible inside a case. why is this so? When we declare a pointer variable whether any memory is allocated (Atleast the memory to hold the address)? Please clarify me.
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { switch (argc){ case 0: { static int t; t = argc; break; } case 1: { char* s; s = argv[0]; break; } } return 0; }
I think you forgot to add the blocks within the case statements. Switch statements are just a bit weird, so they're needed if you want to declare new variables. Just like the break things, live with it and don't wonder too much about the whys or whatifs (basically variable declarations aren't possible).
I don't understand your second question though...
i3839 is right for C... But, this is posted in the C++ forum... Are you really using a
C++ compiler or a straight C compiler??
For C++, I'm pretty sure you're allowed to declare new variables anywhere
intermixed with code, rather than being restricted to the start of a code block, as
with C... (Though, I think that's hellishly ugly, and one of the things I hate about
C++... One of the MANY things... ;-))
Yep, stripping the curly braces from the above cases, g++ will happily compile it
without complaint...
It isn't just that, gcc will compile it happily when there are declarations after the switch statement. It seems that although modern C allows declarations in the middle of the code, it doesn't go as far as allowing declarations in a code part that isn't always taken at runtime.
(C++ forum you say? Well, yes, now you mention it, perhaps it is. Maybe I'm lost or something... ;-)
Yes I am working with C++. But when I declared without braces it shown some strange compiler errors.
switch(ethertype) { case 0x800: IPvFour ipv4; break; default: cout<<endl; break; }
this shows the following error (I am using KDevelop)
/Ethernet.cpp:45: error: jump to case label
/Ethernet.cpp:43: error: enters scope of non-POD `IPvFour ipv4'
*** Exited with status: 2 ***
But with braces it worked fine!
Thankyou i3839.
My second question is pointers are mainly meant for dymanic memory allocation know, when we declare a pointer variable how much memory will be allocated?
eg char *c ;
or int *ptr;
A pointer is just a pointer, nothing more. It's just a number which happens to be a memory address most of the time. Think of it like a long integer. But using bare pointers would be like using void pointers everywhere, to add some safety they added the type the pointer points to in the declaration, so the compiler can do more checks. When declaring a pointer it will always take sizeof(void*) memory, 32 bits on 32 bit systems and 64 bits on 64 bits systems.
Thank you very much, This reply is satisfactory for me.
one more thing, What happens when we call a method (member function) from a constructor??
(There is no compiler error)
But this code causes segmantation fault at run time, can you guess what is happening?
#include<iostream> using namespace std; class linkedlist { private: struct list { int val; struct list *next; }; struct list *node,*head; public: linkedlist(); int add(int val); }; linkedlist::linkedlist() { cout<<endl<<"staritng"; node->next=NULL; cout<<endl<<"Ending"; cout<<endl; head=NULL; } int linkedlist::add(int val) { node->val=val; node->next=new list; if(head==NULL) head=node; node=node->next; return 0; } int main() { linkedlist objlist; objlist.add(10); return 0; }
whether the above one is good idea to implement linked list in c++?
Thanking you,
Lloyd.
Well node->next=NULL; won't work. 'node' is just a pointer, but it doesn't point to anything yet. It appears that you want struct list node; instead of a pointer to a struct list, then it won't crash there. Either that, or allocate a struct list in your constructor, or let the pointer be given as a parameter to the constructor.
As for if it's a good implementation for linked list in C++: Probably not, for two reasons. First one is that C++ already has a vector implementation which probably does what you want already, failing that, there is most likely another STL class which does exactly what you want. The second reason is more important, and that is that it seems you want to store a list of numbers. Now I don't know how your list is going to be used, but if you want to look things up then a list is very inefficient. If you only walk the whole list to get all numbers and using them all, then it's fine to use a list. But if you e.g. want to check if a number already exists in the list then you porbably can use something more efficient for searching like a tree. I can't think of a reason why I would want to have a list of just numbers, its use seems very limited. (Though all this isn't related directly to the list implementation itself, which as it is isn't a list yet. ;-)
I'm not sure what that add function is trying to do, it overwrites the old value of val or what? If not, then why isn't the int value a parameter to the constructor? Though if this is the whole list then why do you keep an unused struct list around? I'm confused. I'd expect something like the following:
void linkedlist::add(int val) { struct list* n; n = new list; n->val = val n->next = head; head = n; }
Your reply seems very useful for me.
It is just a simplified version what I wanted to do. Yes, I will be needing lot of searches, I too prefer to use trees. But what I feel as problamatic is, if I write it (tree) using recursion stack may get overflo. If I use the other way the code become so complex to manage (Tree balancing - To get the best benefit). what is your openion? (I understood the flaws in my code as well, thank you).
What will really happen if we call a member function from the constructor?
And, instead of reinventing the wheel (unless you really WANT to just for the
experience, which is fine), you might also see if your system has standard library
functions (or classes, since this is C++) for handling those items... (I can't speak
for C++, but glibc has tsearch() and friends, which do a very decent self-balancing
red/black tree... As long as you don't mind it dynamically allocating node space... If
you have tight memory requirements, you'll probably have to code up your own... It's
not too horrible... I just recently had to do so myself, in a situation where I needed it
to use a specifically sized pre-allocated buffer for all node and record space... The
main red/black balancing when adding a new node is fairly easy; the real ball-buster
is handling deletions... If you can avoid deleting nodes, that'll save you a lot of
headaches... If you must handle deletions, well then it's still doable, but a lot more
twisted... ;-) And, in any event, you can handle all necessary tree operations
(including in-order traversal!) completely free of recursion, and with relatively trivial
code, as long as you include an "up" or "parent" pointer in your nodes... Without
that, you can still avoid recursion, but the code becomes a lot uglier... I've looked
at the glibc tsearch() code, and it uses the ugly way... ;-) I just don't think the
savings of an extra pointer per node is worth the added code complexity, but your
needs may vary...)
Yes, I have desided to use tree, but if I use AVL or red/black tree things become unmanagable. The problem is this -
In a tree node (Eg. Binary tree) we must have a key field for making the comparison (In searching). In my case by using the key field only we can identify the node uniquely but as the node is found the key field also has to be modified to a new value. So the fundamental principle ( left child key must be less than root node key, right child must be greater than root node) of binary tree could be broken when the updation is done. Then I have to balance the whole tree again! (It will be a big problem,isn't it?). (I dont have any other uniquely distinguishable key field).
How can I solve this problem? If I use a linked list this is not going to be a problem but the searching time is key factor in my application! (Searching is done very frequently!)
I'd make a simple wrapper for whatever data structure you're going to use. Then first implement something as simple as possible in little time (e.g. use an existing library implementation) and finish the rest of your program. Then when that's done you can actually measure which solution is better and which not for your program.
If a value is modified you don't have much other choice than to remove the value from the tree and add the new one. That's a O(log n) operation in balanced trees.
I have been thinking about the solution for the following problem
As an example, I have 100 bytes of data. In the first phase I verify the first 20 bytes using a class and its functionalities and based on the result I have to make the object of next class. (This object may vary based on the result).This object has to do some operations on a part of the remaining 80 bytes. (But the size of part also varies from object to object). Then this object has to create another object and this process continues until the 100 bytes are finished. How can I do this?
Making a direct pointer from each class to the data? (Is this a good idea, when we consider data secutiry, modification and enhancement of the application...?)
Or do I have to copy the data from each object to the other? (Thus first class will hold 100 bytes, second one will have the remaining 80 bytes, third one will have some 50 or 60 bytes etc..)
If you are not getting clear, the actual problem is I am writing a network packet analyzer. So when we process from the lower layer protocols only we will understand what is the next higher layer protocol. So based on the next layer protocol we have to make the object and process it. For each protocol the data size also varies. Though there are hundreds of protocols there is no doubt about adding new protocols in each layer.
What is your openion regarding this??
(Thanks, Lloyd)
The first class gets a pointer to the data, knows how much of it is his, and does whatever is needed with it (those 20 first bytes in your example). When it did its thing in some way is figured out which class should handle the remaining data. That class gets the pointer to the 21th byte and the cycle repeats. But this is more or less the same what you said, so I think I miss what your problem actually is.
Of course you're parsing arbitrary data, so it should be done safely to avoid exploits.
What I am trying to explain is the data is interms of kilobytes. So copying data from one object to another will eat up lot of memory. I am worrying about the memory wastage as well as the data security. which way to be preferred?
No copying is needed, you only have to pass pointers around, really. As long as each class only modifies the part it's handling and leaves the rest untouched then I don't see any problem, nor a need for copying. Depending on how your program is organized memory handling may be slightly tricky, e.g. if it's unclear when the package is processed or if the objects stay alive longer than the package. But even copying a bunch of kilobytes isn't going to kill performance in itself, especially not when it means you can free up the package sooner. But if it simplifies thing and is easier to implement, then just do the copying and only worry about it if it shows up in the profiles.
I'm not sure I get the problem... You're saying you realloc() these buffers periodically
and add new data? Ok, that shouldn't be a problem, unless you're doing something
else problematic... Such as maintaining another reference to the old buffer contents
or something... Eg: if you had some other pointers somewhere pointing into these
buffers, those would all be rendered invalid every time you do realloc(), since that
may very well change the location of the buffer completely... That's my only guess
as to what your problem might be, unless you're otherwise trashing memory by
writing off the end of the buffer, or something...
But, if you intend these buffers to grow to some maximum size before dumping them
to file, why not simply use large fixed-sized buffers of that max size, rather than
screw around with realloc()'ing the things every time new data arrives?? That'd
seem to me to be a lot easier approach, as well as a lot more efficient (those
repeated realloc()'s aren't cheap, especially when it has to move the buffer to a
completely new location)... Yes, it means taking up the max amount of memory
right from the start, but if you're going to grow upto that amount before dumping
to file anyway, so what? I don't see any reason not to take it all now, rather than
slowly grow upto that much... *shrug*
Just two things I want to point out:
1) Valgrind is very useful for such things like this.
2) The kernel already does caching, so write() isn't touching the hardddisk at all, that's done later on. So if I were you I wouldn't worry about it much and just write it each time. If you use stdio functions then here is libc is probably also caching stuff.
Thank Rob and i3839. Solved the problem, it was with the realloc. After the realloc I was trying to refer some invalid memory. (the memory which is being used before the reallocation).
As i3839 said if the kernel does caching why should I go for these buffer and all.
Thanks again,
Lloyd.
Is there is any possibility for malloc to fail in an OS?
Though if the required memory is not available, wont the OS does the necessary page replacements and allocate the requested memory? | http://developerweb.net/viewtopic.php?id=4392 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | refinedweb | 2,515 | 71.95 |
The candidate doesn't want to talk about Bain Capital and has reversed many of his former political stands. How will voters know who he is?
Mitt Romney has an identity problem. He is running for president by making promises about America's future, but as a man who is largely without a past. Not only has Romney renounced many of his previous positions -- on abortion, immigration, gun control, climate change, and the individual mandate he once championed as Massachusetts governor. He also refuses to divulge many details about what even he has said is his main qualification for the White House in a faltering economy: his successful career in "private equity" from 1984 to 1999 (or thereabouts).
What is it about the private equity world that Romney doesn't appear eager to bring up? As I explain in an article in the current issue of National Journal, "Mystery Man," Romney was basically what used to be known as a "barbarian at the gate." The term "private equity" sounds respectable, but it is a euphemism for the old leveraged buyout deals we remember from the 1980s, the era of corporate raiders like T. Boone Pickens and Henry Kravis. After junk-bond king Michael Milken, who funded a lot of those takeovers, went to jail, the industry decided to rename itself in order to remove the taint.
This is Mitt Romney's true world. As the founder of Bain Capital, Romney became a brilliant LBO buccaneer who specialized in buying up firms by taking on a lot of debt, using the target firm as collateral, and then trying to make the firm profitable -- often by breaking it up or slashing jobs -- to the point where Bain and its investors could load up the firm with even more debt, which Bain would then use to pay itself off. That would ensure a profit for Bain investors whether or not the companies themselves succeeded in the long run. Often, burdened by all that debt, these bought-out companies did not succeed, costing thousands of jobs as they were downsized, sold off and shuttered. Other times they did phenomenally well, as in the case of Sports Authority and Domino's Pizza.
But job creation is irrelevant to Bain's business model, which is all about paying back investors. Nor does the long-term fate of the companies that private-equity firms buy up matter crucially to Bain's bottom line (though of course success is better). The only real risk for Bain is that these companies fail to make enough initial profit in order to permit Bain to pile on more debt and extract a payout, so that it can make back its investment quickly.
- George McGovern's Party
- Ron Brownstein: Our Diverse Suburbs
- Both Candidates Trying to Leverage the Big Divide in Bain Capital Debate
Though he started off dabbling in less profitable "venture capital," Romney quickly saw the high-return, low-risk potential of LBOs in the mid-1980s and ultimately was involved in about 100 such deals, which made him a true Wall Street tycoon. He then maximized his take further by socking away his gains in offshore shelters from Bermuda to the Caymans and using capital gains tax breaks and loopholes to reduce the rate of his 2010 tax return (the only one he's released) to 13.9 percent, a far lower rate than the one paid by middle-class Americans. Many of Wall Street's big dealmakers do the same with their profits, employing whole teams of international tax accountants.
But none of these dealmakers has ever run for president. This is perhaps the main reason for Romney's reticence: It's not just that being honest about Bain's real business pulls back the veil from the ugly heart of financial capitalism. It's also that this may be the hardest year since 1932 for a Wall Street big-shot to make a bid for the White House: The former Masters of the Universe remain unpopular because of the historic recession they did so much to create. So it's hardly a surprise that Romney won't dwell on practices that his onetime GOP primary opponent, Texas Gov. Rick Perry, labeled "vulture" capitalism.
None of this is necessarily disqualifying for a presidential candidate; on the contrary. Americans have always admired business success, no matter what package it comes in. It is part of the nation's lore going back to the rags-to-riches tales of Horatio Alger and F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the storied careers of Andrew Carnegie and J.P. Morgan. Romney is undoubtedly one of the most successful capitalists ever to run for president. Based on his record at Bain, as governor, and at the Olympics, there is little doubt that he is a numbers whiz who is handy with a budget, and America has serious budget problems. "At the end of the day, people are going to know Mitt Romney was a super-successful businessman, and they're going to factor that in," says Vin Weber, a senior Romney adviser. "And most people will find that attractive and not negative."
Maybe so. But as the Obama attacks persist, even some in the Romney camp fret that they are watching a Democratic version of the attacks that permanently defined Michael Dukakis as weak in 1988 and "Swift-boated" an unresponsive John Kerry in 2004. "That worries me a little bit," Weber admits.
The Obama attacks also may be resonating because they compound an image of aloofness, of detachment from the lives of ordinary Americans, which has dogged Romney for many years. He is hardly the first rich man to run for president, yet he lacks the populist touch of previous successful candidates. Franklin Delano Roosevelt also came from a wealthy patrician family, but by the time he ran for president as a polio victim who had suffered among the people in Warm Springs, Ga., FDR had reputation for transcending that background. So did John F. Kennedy, whose father's vast but somewhat shady Wall Street fortune financed a rich-kid bid for Congress, the Senate, and then the presidency. But JFK's charisma and war-hero reputation, and his ability to connect with people -- for example, by famously telling a hushed crowd of mothers who had lost sons in World War II that "I think I know how you mothers feel, because my mother is a Gold Star mother too" -- made him a popular figure.
Not so Romney. His record contains few such man-of-the-people moments (ironically, his best argument may be his successful health-care law in Massachusetts, another thing he doesn't want to talk about). And his uncommon Mormon religion, about which he is also reticent, further contributes to the image of a Man Hard to Know. This is the same Romney who declared during the hard-knocking primaries that the $350,000 he earned in speaking fees wasn't a lot of money, who said that his wife drives a "couple of Cadillacs," who grinningly bet Rick Perry $10,000 on a whim, and who boasted that even wealthy Ted Kennedy had to "take a mortgage out" to beat him. And those are moments when Romney was trying to be one of the guys. What has become clear is that he is part of a world of super-elites who live in a universe apart from most Americans.
Romney may well make a very good president. But we should know who we're getting.
This article available online at: | http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/print/2012/07/mitt-romney-the-man-without-a-past/260136/ | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | refinedweb | 1,261 | 57.1 |
I've already saw some questions here at stackoverflow but none of them has solved my problem...
i have that code in C:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
char str[] = "";
scanf("%[^\n]", str);
printf("Você digitou: %s\n", str);
system("pause");
}
The array
str can only hold a single
char given its initialisation. The call to
scanf() will be overwriting the bounds the
str causing undefined behaviour, in this case corrupting the stack. You need to decide how large the
str array should be and limit the number of characters read to prevent buffer overrun.
To use
scanf() you specify the maximum number of characters to read:
char str[1024]; if (1 == scanf("%1023[^\n]", str)) /* Check return value to ensure */ { /* 'str' populated. */ } /* Specify one less than 'str' */ /* size to leave space for null.*/
You could also use
fgets() but would need to remove the new-line character afterwards. | https://codedump.io/share/WTvQ6G2f7tMR/1/run-time-check-failure-2---stack-around-the-variable-was-corrupted | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | refinedweb | 152 | 72.46 |
>> was reading thru the book "Pro ASP.NET MVC Framework" (APress) and observed something the author was doing with a Dictionary object that was foreign to me.
He added a new Key/Value Pair without using the Add() method. He then overwrote that same Key/Value pair without having to check if that key already existed. For example:
Dictionary<string, int> nameAgeDict = new Dictionary<string, int>(); nameAgeDict["Joe"] = 34; // no error. will just auto-add key/value nameAgeDict["Joe"] = 41; // no error. key/value just get overwritten nameAgeDict.Add("Joe", 30); // ERROR! key already exists
There are many cases where I don't need to check if my Dictionary already has a key or not and I just want to add the respective key/value pair (overwriting the existing key/value pair, if necessary.) Prior to this discovery, I would always have to check to see if the key already existed before adding it.
Solution:2
In addition to duncansmart's reply, also extension methods can be used on Framework 2.0. Just add an
ExtensionAttribute class under System.Runtime.CompilerServices namespace and you can use extension methods (only with C# 3.0 of course).
namespace System.Runtime.CompilerServices { public class ExtensionAttribute : Attribute { } }
Solution:3
Not sure if this one has been mentioned or not (11 pages!!)
But the
OptionalField attribute for classes is amazing when you are versioning classes/objects that are going to be serialized.
Solution:4
Regarding
foreach: It does not use 'duck typing', as duck typing IMO refers to a runtime check. It uses structural type checking (as opposed to nominal) at compile time to check for the required method in the type.
Solution:5
You type "prop" and then press [TAB] twice, it generates useful code for your properties and can speed your typing.
I know this works in VS 2005 (I use it) but I don´t know in previous versions.
Solution:6
@Brad Barker
I think if you have to use nullable types, it's better to use Nullable<.T> rather than the question mark notation. It makes it eye-achingly obvious that magic is occurring. Not sure why anyone would ever want to use Nullable<.bool> though. :-)
Krzysztof Cwalina (one of the authors of Framwork Design Guidlines) has a good post here:
And Mike Hadlow has a nice post on Nullability Voodoo
Solution:7
In reading the book on development of the .NET framework. A good piece of advice is not to use bool to turn stuff on or off, but rather use ENums.
With ENums you give yourself some expandability without having to rewrite any code to add a new feature to a function.
Solution:8
new modifier
Usage of the "new" modifier in C# is not exactly hidden but it's not often seen. The new modifier comes in handy when you need to "hide" base class members and not always override them. This means when you cast the derived class as the base class then the "hidden" method becomes visible and is called instead of the same method in the derived class.
It is easier to see in code:
public class BaseFoo { virtual public void DoSomething() { Console.WriteLine("Foo"); } } public class DerivedFoo : BaseFoo { public new void DoSomething() { Console.WriteLine("Bar"); } } public class DerivedBar : BaseFoo { public override void DoSomething() { Console.WriteLine("FooBar"); } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { BaseFoo derivedBarAsBaseFoo = new DerivedBar(); BaseFoo derivedFooAsBaseFoo = new DerivedFoo(); DerivedFoo derivedFoo = new DerivedFoo(); derivedFooAsBaseFoo.DoSomething(); //Prints "Foo" when you might expect "Bar" derivedBarAsBaseFoo.DoSomething(); //Prints "FooBar" derivedFoo.DoSomething(); //Prints "Bar" } }
[Ed: Do I get extra points for puns? Sorry, couldn't be helped.]
Solution:9
Literals can be used as variables of that type. eg.
Console.WriteLine(5.ToString()); Console.WriteLine(5M.GetType()); // Returns "System.Decimal" Console.WriteLine("This is a string!!!".Replace("!!", "!"));
Just a bit of trivia...
There's quite a few things people haven't mentioned, but they have mostly to do with unsafe constructs. Here's one that can be used by "regular" code though:
The checked/unchecked keywords:
public static int UncheckedAddition(int a, int b) { unchecked { return a + b; } } public static int CheckedAddition(int a, int b) { checked { return a + b; } // or "return checked(a + b)"; } public static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("Unchecked: " + UncheckedAddition(Int32.MaxValue, + 1)); // "Wraps around" Console.WriteLine("Checked: " + CheckedAddition(Int32.MaxValue, + 1)); // Throws an Overflow exception Console.ReadLine(); }
Solution:10
Instead of using int.TryParse() or Convert.ToInt32(), I like having a static integer parsing function that returns null when it can't parse. Then I can use ?? and the ternary operator together to more clearly ensure my declaration and initialization are all done on one line in a easy-to-understand way.
public static class Parser { public static int? ParseInt(string s) { int result; bool parsed = int.TryParse(s, out result); if (parsed) return result; else return null; } // ... }
This is also good to avoid duplicating the left side of an assignment, but even better to avoid duplicating long calls on the right side of an assignment, such as a database calls in the following example. Instead of ugly if-then trees (which I run into often):
int x = 0; YourDatabaseResultSet data = new YourDatabaseResultSet(); if (cond1) if (int.TryParse(x_input, x)){ data = YourDatabaseAccessMethod("my_proc_name", 2, x); } else{ x = -1; // do something to report "Can't Parse" } } else { x = y; data = YourDatabaseAccessMethod("my_proc_name", new SqlParameter("@param1", 2), new SqlParameter("@param2", x)); }
You can do:
int x = cond1 ? (Parser.ParseInt(x_input) ?? -1) : y; if (x >= 0) data = YourDatabaseAccessMethod("my_proc_name", new SqlParameter("@param1", 2), new SqlParameter("@param2", x));
Much cleaner and easier to understand
Solution:11
Mixins are a nice feature. Basically, mixins let you have concrete code for an interface instead of a class. Then, just implement the interface in a bunch of classes, and you automatically get mixin functionality. For example, to mix in deep copying into several classes, define an interface
internal interface IPrototype<T> { }
Add functionality for this interface
internal static class Prototype { public static T DeepCopy<T>(this IPrototype<T> target) { T copy; using (var stream = new MemoryStream()) { var formatter = new BinaryFormatter(); formatter.Serialize(stream, (T)target); stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); copy = (T) formatter.Deserialize(stream); stream.Close(); } return copy; } }
Then implement interface in any type to get a mixin.
Solution:12
(I just used this one) Set a field null and return it without an intermediate variable:
try { return _field; } finally { _field = null; }
Solution:13
This isn't a C# specific feature but it is an addon that I find very useful. It is called the Resource Refactoring Tool. It allows you to right click on a literal string and extract it into a resource file. It will search the code and find any other literal strings that match and replace it with the same resource from the Resx file.
Solution:14
I call this AutoDebug because you can drop right into debug where and when you need based on a bool value which could also be stored as a project user setting as well.
Example:
//Place at top of your code public UseAutoDebug = true; //Place anywhere in your code including catch areas in try/catch blocks Debug.Assert(!this.UseAutoDebug);
Simply place the above in try/catch blocks or other areas of your code and set UseAutoDebug to true or false and drop into debug anytime you wish for testing.
You can leave this code in place and toggle this feature on and off when testing, You can also save it as a Project Setting, and manually change it after deployment to get additional bug information from users when/if needed as well.
You can see a functional and working example of using this technique in this Visual Studio C# Project Template here, where it is used heavily:
Solution:15
Method groups aren't well known.
Given:
Func<Func<int,int>,int,int> myFunc1 = (i, j) => i(j); Func<int, int> myFunc2 = i => i + 2;
You can do this:
var x = myFunc1(myFunc2, 1);
instead of this:
var x = myFunc1(z => myFunc2(z), 1);
Solution:16
Math.Max and Min to check boundaries: I 've seen this in a lot of code:
if (x < lowerBoundary) { x = lowerBoundary; }
I find this smaller, cleaner and more readable:
x = Math.Max(x, lowerBoundary);
Or you can also use a ternary operator:
x = ( x < lowerBoundary) ? lowerBoundary : x;
Solution:17
I am so so late to this question, but I wanted to add a few that I don't think have been covered. These aren't C#-specific, but I think they're worthy of mention for any C# developer.
AmbientValueAttribute This is similar to
DefaultValueAttribute, but instead of providing the value that a property defaults to, it provides the value that a property uses to decide whether to request its value from somewhere else. For example, for many controls in WinForms, their
ForeColor and
BackColor properties have an
AmbientValue of
Color.Empty so that they know to get their colors from their parent control.
IsolatedStorageSettings This is a Silverlight one. The framework handily includes this sealed class for providing settings persistence at both the per-application and per-site level.
Flag interaction with extension methods
Using extension methods, flag enumeration use can be a lot more readable.
public static bool Contains( this MyEnumType enumValue, MyEnumType flagValue) { return ((enumValue & flagValue) == flagValue); } public static bool ContainsAny( this MyEnumType enumValue, MyEnumType flagValue) { return ((enumValue & flagValue) > 0); }
This makes checks for flag values nice and easy to read and write. Of course, it would be nicer if we could use generics and enforce T to be an enum, but that isn't allowed. Perhaps
dynamic will make this easier.
Solution:18
I find it incredible what type of trouble the compiler goes through to sugar code the use of Outer Variables:
string output = "helo world!"; Action action = () => Console.WriteLine(output); output = "hello!"; action();
This actually prints
hello!. Why? Because the compiler creates a nested class for the delegate, with public fields for all outer variables and inserts setting-code before every single call to the delegate :) Here is above code 'reflectored':
Action action; <>c__DisplayClass1 CS$<>8__locals2; CS$<>8__locals2 = new <>c__DisplayClass1(); CS$<>8__locals2.output = "helo world!"; action = new Action(CS$<>8__locals2.<Main>b__0); CS$<>8__locals2.output = "hello!"; action();
Pretty cool I think.
Solution:19
I couldn't figure out what use some of the functions in the
Convert class had (such as Convert.ToDouble(int), Convert.ToInt(double)) until I combined them with
Array.ConvertAll:
int[] someArrayYouHaveAsInt; double[] copyOfArrayAsDouble = Array.ConvertAll<int, double>( someArrayYouHaveAsInt, new Converter<int,double>(Convert.ToDouble));
Which avoids the resource allocation issues that arise from defining an inline delegate/closure (and slightly more readable):
int[] someArrayYouHaveAsInt; double[] copyOfArrayAsDouble = Array.ConvertAll<int, double>( someArrayYouHaveAsInt, new Converter<int,double>( delegate(int i) { return (double)i; } ));
Solution:20
Having just learned the meaning of invariance, covariance and contravariance, I discovered the in and out generic modifiers that will be included in .NET 4.0. They seem obscure enough that most programmers would not know about them.
There's an article at Visual Studio Magazine which discusses these keywords and how they will be used.
Solution:21
I especially like the nullable DateTime. So if you have some cases where a Date is given and other cases where no Date is given I think this is best to use and IMHO easier to understand as using
DateTime.MinValue or anything else...
DateTime? myDate = null; if (myDate.HasValue) { //doSomething } else { //soSomethingElse }
Solution:22
The data type can be defined for an enumeration:
enum EnumName : [byte, char, int16, int32, int64, uint16, uint32, uint64] { A = 1, B = 2 }
Solution:23
Thought about @dp AnonCast and decided to try it out a bit. Here's what I come up with that might be useful to some:
// using the concepts of dp's AnonCast static Func<T> TypeCurry<T>(Func<object> f, T type) { return () => (T)f(); }
And here's how it might be used:
static void Main(string[] args) { var getRandomObjectX = TypeCurry(GetRandomObject, new { Name = default(string), Badges = default(int) }); do { var obj = getRandomObjectX(); Console.WriteLine("Name : {0} Badges : {1}", obj.Name, obj.Badges); } while (Console.ReadKey().Key != ConsoleKey.Escape); } static Random r = new Random(); static object GetRandomObject() { return new { Name = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Substring(0, 4), Badges = r.Next(0, 100) }; }
Solution:24
Open generics are another handy feature especially when using Inversion of Control:
container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(NHibernateRepository<>));
Solution:25
Pointers in C#.
They can be used to do in-place string manipulation. This is an unsafe feature so the unsafe keyword is used to mark the region of unsafe code. Also note how the fixed keyword is used to indicate that the memory pointed to is pinned and cannot be moved by the GC. This is essential a pointers point to memory addresses and the GC can move the memory to different address otherwise resulting in an invalid pointer.
string str = "some string"; Console.WriteLine(str); unsafe { fixed(char *s = str) { char *c = s; while(*c != '\0') { *c = Char.ToUpper(*c++); } } } Console.WriteLine(str);
I wouldn't ever do it but just for the sake of this question to demonstrate this feature.
Solution:26
In no particular order:
Lists<> Mutex
The new property definitions shortcut in Framework 3.5.
Solution:27
The Yield keyword is often overlooked when it has a lot of power. I blogged about it awhile ago and discussed benefits (differed processing) and happens under the hood of yield to help give a stronger understanding.
Solution:28
I find the use of the conditional break function in Visual Studio very useful. I like the way it allows me to set the value to something that, for example can only be met in rare occasions and from there I can examine the code further.
Solution:29
Having read through all 9 pages of this I felt I had to point out a little unknown feature...
This was held true for .NET 1.1, using compression/decompression on gzipped files, one had to either:
- Download ICSharpCode.ZipLib
- Or, reference the Java library into your project and use the Java's in-built library to take advantage of the GZip's compression/decompression methods.
It is underused, that I did not know about, (still use ICSharpCode.ZipLib still, even with .NET 2/3.5) was that it was incorporated into the standard BCL version 2 upwards, in the System.IO.Compression namespace... see the MSDN page "GZipStream Class".
Solution:30
Accessing local variables from anonymous methods allows you to wrap just about any code with new control flow logic, without having to factor out that code into another method. Local variables declared outside the method are available inside the method such as the
endOfLineChar local variable in the example here:
Note:If u also have question or solution just comment us below or mail us on toontricks1994@gmail.com
EmoticonEmoticon | http://www.toontricks.com/2018/05/tutorial-hidden-features-of-c-closed.html | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | refinedweb | 2,474 | 55.13 |
Please welcome ReSharper Ultimate 2017.2 RTM:Memory 2017.2 enables importing raw Windows memory dumps and analyzing them using its full range of features.
- dotPeek 2017.2 supports SourceLink and extends its feature set in terms of navigation and search.
Learn more about the new features and download ReSharper Ultimate 2017.2.
An active subscription to ReSharper, ReSharper Ultimate, ReSharper Ultimate + Rider or All Products pack makes you immediately eligible for this update. If you need to renew your subscription, discuss licensing or receive a formal quote, please get in touch with JetBrains sales anytime.
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Pingback: The Morning Brew - Chris Alcock » The Morning Brew #2413
Thats cool!
As the Typescript becomes more and more popular in fullstack development do you have any plans also to improve Typescript unit testing?
1. Create an .NET Core 2.0 Console project
2. Create an .NET Framework 4.7 Class Library project
3. Add reference to Framework 4.7 project inside Core 2.0 project
4. Create a public class type inside 4.7 project, let’s call it ClassA
5. Use ClassA inside 2.0 project.
Resharper shows: Cannot resolve symbol ‘ClassA’, but the code will compile and run properly.
Please fix this as soon as possible!
Thanks for the report! Filed.
Can you focus on just C#? It’s a bit weird to get proper 7.0 support only now. The web single-page garbage like TypeScript and Angular support can be extracted into “ReSharper Web” or something and paid for separately.
Your concern was warranted until you used the term “garbage”. Now you’re just a troll. Just because you don’t use something, that doesn’t mean others don’t. The rest of your post I can agree with.
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Thank you, update is very much appreciated!
Regarding a bit more focus on C#: I second that
Pingback: ReSharper Ultimate 2017.2: .NET Core 2.0, C# 7.0 and 7.1, search improvements, analyzing Windows memory dumps - How to Code .NET
Great to see that some more features are now working inside AspNetCore controllers as of 2017.2.2. However crucial features like “initialize from contructor parameter” and “go to member” does not work.
@John Knoop, please, file a couple of requests on YouTrack and provide us more info there about the issues you mentioned that “initialize from constructor parameter” and “go to member” features do not work in Asp.NET core controllers file. | https://blog.jetbrains.com/dotnet/2017/08/24/resharper-ultimate-2017-2-released/ | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | refinedweb | 457 | 71.21 |
How do we know that marketing works?
Want to share your content on R-bloggers? click here if you have a blog, or here if you don't.
How do we know that marketing works? It was National Poetry Day in Britain recently, and I do believe that poetry and imagination, and the wisdom and insights it can bring, has a place in business and corporate world. But wisdom isn’t knowledge; it does not immediately convince in the way that facts presented as a coherent story does. So when I am asked “how do we know marketing works?” the question usually means “how do we collect facts and present them in a persuasive narrative that will convince the board?”
My background is the hard science of experimental particle physics at CERN where nothing is discovered unless you have replicated the experiment with at least five sigma significance. Max Planck is one of the founders of this science, so when he says that
experiment is the only means of knowledge I am with him. It is in my DNA.
The beauty of Marketing is that in many, many cases we can indeed experiment and gain knowledge that way. We go through all the basics both concepts and practical with hands-on exercises on real data in our Marketing Analytics Using R training course.
Consider a direct marketing campaign, that is, a message or a series of messages directed to identified individuals with the objective of changing their behaviour. It could be delivered classically as addressed postal letters, emails, telephone calls, and so on, or as targeted web site promotions or social media campaigns but to identified users. The key is that you know who gets to see the message (at least initially; we’ll leave the effect of sharing and viral campaigns to the course). This is sometimes known as ‘below the line’ (BTL) advertising.
This is different from what we might call advertising, that is broad messages to groups of individuals. You might think classical TV, radio, or newspaper ads, or broad banner ads, google ads, paid-for blog posts, and so on. While the target group may be identified, e.g. by the TV they watch, magazines they read, or web sites they visit, the individual is not known, only the aggregate group characteristics. Old school marketing managers may call this ‘above the line’ (ATL) advertising.
For direct marketing the key concept is that of test and control groups. If you come from a digital marketing background then you may know this as ‘A/B testing’. The basic idea is that you generate your target list of individuals to whom you want to send your message and then take a ramdom sample of that list away as your control group to which you do not communicate. If the two groups are really comparable in terms of the types of individuals in them, and they should be if you selected a true random, unbiased sample, and the only difference in your treatment of the two groups is sending or not sending the marketing message, then any difference in future behaviour, such as different spending patters, must be down to your campaign. This is science, this is experiment, and Planck would be proud. There are some subtleties to make sure you select the groups right (such as no peeking of the results during the experiment) but not much. It is simple, it is effective, and it works.
If you are not using robust test and control groups for your direct marketing campaigns, then start now. Today. Get measuring. Then stop all the campaigns that produce a negative result.
Yes, negative result; campaigns that make customers less likely to buy, more likely to defect to the competition, or more needing of (expensive and unproductive) support from you. We call it Stop Doing Stupid Stuff. At client after client the quick win has more often than not been to Stop Doing Stupid Stuff. Don’t beat yourself up if you have some campaigns with negative returns; I can assure you that you are not alone. It is very easy to become so hung up on your great ideas about what should work that you forget to question if it really does work. Imagination can be useful, but to enhance our understanding of what is real, not instead of it. Just figure out today what real and what is imagines, and then stop the campaigns with negative outcomes. Get the facts.
In our course syllabus we first establish the principles of test and control groups, then we introduce lift curves and consider the difference between gross and net responses before moving on to modelling campaign profitability and optimising your marketing spend: when you have multiple campaigns to run, which one(s) do you execute on which targeted individuals to maximise your profits (or other business objectives)?
Using the same principles we cover churn models to address the business problem of customers leaving you. Some people get confused: what does test and control groups have to do with churn? After all, you don’t choose who will leave you. But then you are doing churn modelling wrong. You typically do not want to predict churn, as in the probability that an individual will leave you. Say you did do this model, and say it was a great model. Now what are you going to do? The model does not directly address the possible business actions or the decisions that the business need to make. Typically, what you want to do is to offer some sort of incentive to say to some of the customers who are likely to leave. So the decision is: for each individual customer, given the range of possible retention incentives that I have at my disposal, would offering one of these incentives at this time to this customer increase my overall profitability? You might frame this question as ‘what is the expected change in customer lifetime value from presenting each of these offers at this time?’ which is something that you can usefully model. You need the cost of the offers, the propensity to accept it, the baseline customer lifetime value, and the change in spend and tenure or loyalty given the offer.
Sure, it is more complicated, but it is useful in a way that the simple ‘Will this customer churn?’ model is not. We wrote more on commercial churn modelling and we cover it in practical detail in the Marketing Analytics Using R training course.
Our philosophy is simple. The focus is always, or should be, on the business actions. Models do not make money, changing the way you do business may. Start with the end in mind, measure the right outcomes, and directly model the required business decisions, and you should be fine. But it is easy to get absorbed in the data and modelling and we have plenty of examples of that. Business understanding is key to successful Marketing Analytics.
We do not usually go into details on the statistics. Typically in the problems with which we deal in Marketing Analytics, we have thousands if not millions of records. Thousands of customers, tens or hundreds of thousands of purchases or transactions, or millions of web site visits. A signal from thousands of observations will usually be statistically significant, at least in the naive sense, and with an emphasis on experimentation that is normally good enough. So we spend more time on feature selection and model optimisation.
Feature selection is important on the wide data sets that are typical of our problems, and creating the right (derived) features is very often the key to developing a successful model. The small response rates and wide data sets means that we often use modern modelling techniques that are extremely powerful but may make interpretation more difficult. We compare simple and complex models in the course and show how to optimise feature selection and model performance using the
caret package and framework. (The course instructor is an acknowledged contributor to the
caret package.)
Marketing Analytics Using R training course
New dates announced: 31 October – 04 November 2016.
Learn more about our Marketing Analytics Using R training course. You can also Contact us to register your interest and receive more information on this course, and we will let you know the next time we run a public class. If you have several colleagues who are interested then we can also run a course. | https://www.r-bloggers.com/2016/10/how-do-we-know-that-marketing-works/ | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | refinedweb | 1,412 | 60.95 |
On Thu, Jun 16, 2005 at 03:44:41PM +0200, Jeremie Koenig wrote: >. Actually this is all crap, the libraries are fine. Sorry everybody for the noise, especially Russ for the extra wasted brain and finger cycles. Here's what happens if you wonder: the real problem is that libkrb53 recognizes comments only when # is the first character of a line, while heimdal libraries allows some leading whitespace. The heimdal plugin is much appropriately loaded via dlopen without the RTLD_GLOBAL flag and its namespace is disjoint from the main one. The name service switch probably does something similar with libnss-ldap, so we may even have two levels of isolation. Besides, the libraries are used for two completely different things. I'm still not completely understanding how I have been able to come up with this library clash "evidence" (maybe I just needed a culprit.) The sensible thing I'm going to do now is reporting a wishlist bug against libkrb53 to tolerate whitespace and a minor one against ssh-krb5 for the crappy debug lines. -- Jeremie Koenig <sprite@sprite.fr.eu.org> | https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2005/06/msg01596.html | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | refinedweb | 183 | 62.48 |
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Uploading files
There are two ways for the user to upload a file in the VIKTOR interface:
- By defining a
FileFieldin the parametrization, a user can upload a file through an upload modal and directly attach it to a specific field. This way, the developer can easily use the file (content) which will be present in the
paramsof a job. This method is encouraged due to its simplicity and the possibility for users to stay within the current entity in which the
FileFieldresides.
- By creating a file-like entity type. When a user creates a new entity of this type, he or she will be prompted with an upload modal instead of just the entity name. This method is a bit more cumbersome for users, since it requires more actions (clicks) to be performed and navigation between entities. This method can be used to isolate a file with, for example, attached views.
Upload using
FileField
Adding a
FileField (or
MultiFileField) is as easy as adding any other field:
from viktor.parametrization import ViktorParametrization, FileField, MultiFileFieldclass Parametrization(ViktorParametrization): file = FileField('CPT file') files = MultiFileField('CPT files')
These fields will be generated in the VIKTOR interface as dropdown fields, with the possibility to upload one or
multiple files. When the user has made a selection, the file resource will be available in the
params of every job as
FileResource object:
- Obtain the name of the file by calling the
filenameproperty (will perform API call!)
- Obtain a
Fileobject by calling the
fileproperty
FileResource objects originating from a
FileField or
MultiFileField are
memoizable
Upload using file-like entity type
In short, the following steps should be implemented. A more elaborate example is shown in the following sections.
Add a new entity type by defining a controller.
Implement a process method (can be named arbitrarily) on the controller class, decorated by
ParamsFromFile.
from viktor import ViktorController, File, ParamsFromFile
class Controller(ViktorController):
...
@ParamsFromFile()
def process_file(self, file: File, **kwargs):
return {} # nothing to store
In the example above, the
process_file method does not contain any logic. However, this method can also be used to
parse certain information from the file, which can be stored in the parametrization of the entity. See the example
below if this is desired.
File processing
Prevent storing the complete file content on the properties if the file is large, as this may cause speed and/or stability issues. The file content can be retrieved at all times using the API whenever necessary.
The processed content can only be stored on fields that are defined in the entity's parametrization. These can be
input fields (e.g.
NumberField), but also read-only
(
OutputField) or even a
HiddenField. Let's assume the following parametrization
and text file to be uploaded:
class Parametrization(ViktorParametrization):
number_of_entries = NumberField('Number of entries')
project_name = TextField('Project')
Project=Super nice project
Entry1
Entry2
Entry3
The decorated process method should return the data in a dictionary format. The structure of this dictionary should match with the structure of the parametrization fields:
class Controller(ViktorController): ... @ParamsFromFile() def process_file(self, file: File, **kwargs): # viktor.core.File # app specific parse logic number_of_entries = 0 project_name = '' with file.open(encoding='utf-8') as f: for lineno, line in enumerate(f): if lineno == 0: _, project_name = line.split('=') elif line.startswith('Entry'): number_of_entries += 1 # linking the parsed output to the parametrization fields (names in database) return { 'number_of_entries': number_of_entries, 'project_name': project_name }
In case of a nested parametrization structure, the return value is a nested dictionary:
class Controller(ViktorController): ... @ParamsFromFile() def process_file(self, file: File, **kwargs): ... return { 'tab': { 'section' : { 'number_of_entries': number_of_entries, 'project_name': project_name } } }
The file entity can be retrieved and the file (content) can be extracted (from either the current entity or another) using the API.
File restrictions
A limit is set on the file size of an upload to protect the developer for potential memory issues and/or instability of
the application when handled incorrectly. Sometimes however, it is required to deal with large files. In this case the
limit can be increased using the
max_size argument:
file = FileField('CPT file', max_size=100_000_000) # 100 MB
@ParamsFromFile(max_size=100_000_000) # 100 MB
Keep in mind that reading the complete content of a large file in memory will lead to memory issues. We therefore
recommend reading the file in chunks (see
File).
Similarly, you are able to restrict the file type(s) that may be uploaded, by means of
file_types:
file = FileField('CPT file', file_types=['.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg'])
@ParamsFromFile(file_types=['.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg'])
Excel vs CSV
If you want to upload an Excel file, the preferred method is to convert it to a plain-text CSV (comma-separated values) format (extension ".csv"). Excel files (".xls", ".xlsx") are not plain-text and special characters are not always imported correctly. An additional advantage of a CSV file is that, being plain-text, they can be compared using version control software (e.g. Git).
A CSV file does not support 'sheets' as an Excel file does, meaning that a CSV file must be created for each sheet in a multi-sheet Excel file. | https://docs.viktor.ai/docs/create-apps/managing-files/uploading-files/ | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | refinedweb | 839 | 51.89 |
[EDIT] I have written a new updated version of this post here.
Last time I experimented on compiling bare-metal ARM programs and U-Boot; now I want to compile a Linux kernel for an ARM architecture from scratch. I don’t have a physical ARM device handy, so I’m using QEMU instead, as I’ve already done before.
Both the mainline kernel and QEMU support the VersatilePB platform, so that’s the target I chose for my tests. The toolchain I’ll be using is the CodeSourcery ARM EABI toolchain. [edit] From version 2010q1 of the toolchain, the manual explicitly says that the compiler is not intended for Linux kernel development; it is anyway possible to use the GNU/Linux toolchain for the same scope. [/edit]
The vanilla kernel can be downloaded from kernel.org; I took the latest at the moment (version 2.6.33) and extracted it in a folder. From that folder I ran:
make ARCH=arm versatile_defconfig
This command sets a predefined configuration, used in compilation, that is capable of building a kernel targeted to run inside the VersatilePB board. I wanted to tweak it a little bit, so I ran:
make ARCH=arm menuconfig
I removed module support (for simplicity) and enabled EABI support as a binary format (allowing also old ABI). This is necessary to run software compiled with the CodeSourcery toolchain. I exited the menu and saved the configuration, then I ran:
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-eabi- all
[edit] If using the GNU/Linux toolchain, the command that must be used is, instead:
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- all
[/edit]
This will start the building of the kernel using the correct ARM compiler; the build will create, among other binaries, a compressed kernel in a file called
zImage located in “
arch/arm/boot“. This image can be run in QEMU using the following command (assuming that you are in the “
arch/arm/boot” directory):
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage
QEMU will execute the Linux image: the kernel will display many boot messages and then it will complain that it didn’t find a root filesystem. Let’s then create the simplest filesystem we can do: it consists of a single “Hello World” executable, that can be built using the CodeSourcery GNU/Linux toolchain.
#include <stdio.h> void main() { printf("Hello World!\n"); while(1); }
Note: an infinite loop is introduced because when Linux executes the first program in the root filesystem, it expects that the program does not exit.
Having the GNU/Linux ARM toolchain installed (be aware that it is different from the bare EABI toolchain) I ran:
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -static test.c -o test
This creates an executable ELF program for ARM, statically linked (all the libraries that it needs are linked together in a single binary). We can now create a simple filesystem using the
cpio tool as follows:
echo test | cpio -o --format=newc > rootfs
The
cpio tool takes a list of files and outputs an archive; the
newc format is the format of the
initramfs filesystem, that the Linux kernel recognizes. The
rootfs file in our case is a binary image of a filesystem containing a single file, that is the test ELF program. QEMU can pass the filesystem binary image to the kernel using the
initrd parameter; the kernel must also know that the root filesystem will be located in RAM (because that’s where QEMU writes the
initrd binary) and that the program to launch is our
test executable, so the command line becomes:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test"
The QEMU window will show the boot messages we saw before, but at the end of the execution a “Hello World!” will be displayed. The next step would be to create a working filesystem with a command shell and at least basic functionality.
Fabio
2010/03/23
Hi Balau,
I’ve been following your blog for some weeks. I am working on something related to your last posts. I am trying to get to run a profiler (e.g. gprof) under qemu simulating an ARM board. My idea is to compile my application using arm-none-eabi with -eg, then link it with the kernel, as you did with your Helloworld example. Have you ever tried something like that?
Regards.
Balau
2010/03/23
I never tried it on QEMU, yet. I know that gprof-compiled programs write a gmon.out log on execution, and this can’t be done in my example because everything happens in RAM. Instead of mounting a ramdisk you should mount a root filesystem from NFS, so that the gmon.out can be written on a real disk. This page can help somehow to setup NFS for QEMU, but I already planned on doing a post on this topic to extend my examples.
A couple of notes:
Fabio
2010/03/25
Hi Balau.
I wasn’t aware of this constraint of the qemu. What I need to have profiled is a video codec, which will be implemented in hardware afterwards. Therefore I have to find another simulator. I was thinking of skyeye, although it is not clear whether is supports cycle-accurate simulation. I found some other options on the web, but must of them are very restricted.
Balau
2010/03/25
Unfortunately I never searched for free cycle-accurate simulators. The proprietary RVISS/ARMulator could give a very precise (but not 100% cycle accurate: see its manual) estimate of the code performance if it is configured as the real system, because it can model memory with configurable delay as well as caches and Tightly Coupled Memory (ITCM and DTCM).
M.Vivek
2010/05/28
Hi Balau,
In the “Quick Start” chapter of Sourcery G++ Lite, it mentions that the EABI configuration is *not* intended for kernel/application development.
Did you consider using any other configuration (e.g. the “GNU/Linux” configuration) in your experiments.
Thanks,
Vivek
Balau
2010/05/29
Hello M.Vivek,
I just tried to compile the linux kernel using:
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- all
The kernel works just fine.
The version of Sourcery I used (arm-none-eabi-gcc Sourcery G++ Lite 2008q3-66 4.3.2) did not contain that information in the manuals. I’m gonna add this to the post, thanks!
Brian Mahaffy
2010/06/11
Hi Balau & Vivec,
For compiling the Linux kernel, either toolchain will work. The difference between the two toolchains are the libraries provided. The EABI (Enhanced/Extended ARM Binary Interface) version of the tools (sometimes called the “Bare Metal” compiler) will generate code containing library calls resolved by something like NewLib (). The gnueabi tools on the other hand only link in a stub library that makes software interrupts to the Linux kernel to satisfy the library calls.
For compiling the Linux kernel though, none of this ends up mattering, as the Kernel does not use any LibC calls. Either toolchain works. It is not until you make a Linux userspace program that is is an issue. Conversely, if you are building a bare metal program, you either need to provide your own implementations of things found in the standard lib, or you need to link to something like NewLib and use the EABI tools.
…Brian
Johan
2010/07/21
Hi
In your example all the kernel logs is sent to the graphical window and not to a serial console.
If you start qemu with:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -serial stdio -kernel zImage
Then you get “Uncompressing Linux… done, booting the kernel.
” in the terminal but nothing more.
Do you know how to get all the boot logs to be sent there and not to the graphical window?
Thanks
Johan
Balau
2010/07/21
you need to add “console=ttyAMA0″ to the kernel options. Instead of the command in my post, run:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -serial stdio -append "console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test"
You can also use “-nographic” instead of “-serial stdio” to launch QEMU without opening another window, but then to close it you have to type Ctrl-A and then “x”.
Johan
2010/07/21
Thanks the
-serial stdio -append “console=ttyAMA0″
works quite nice.
Robert Smith
2010/09/13
Hi, Thank you for very interesting posts.
I’ve built kernel v2.6.33.2 (using tool-chain arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi produced by Crosstool-NG 1.7.0) and successfuly simulated VersatilePB board on Qemu following your post. I run qemu under Ubuntu 9.10.
However when I tried to repeat the same for realview arm board I got the very strange behaviour:
make ARCH=arm realview_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
qemu-system-arm -M realview -kernel zImage.2.6.33.2.realview -initrd
initramfs.cpio.gz
I got blank Qemu screen on the target system. If I open Qemu serial console (Ctrl + Alt + 3) then I see:
serial0 console
Uncompressing Linux…Uncompressing Linux…
Not a gzip file
– System halted
This is very strange, because, as I said above VersatilePB kernel created with the same tool-chain worked fine. Could you advise how to deal with and investigate such kind of problems?
Thanks
Balau
2010/09/13
Unfortunately I have no experience on the RealView boards. I tried to compile the kernel (both 2.6.33 and 2.6.34) like you did, only with CodeSourcery toolchain, and had the same results you had. I noticed that, giving the option
-cpu arm1136, it prints “
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.” then stops.
You could do the following:
-.
Vinicius do Vale
2010/10/25
Hi Balau. Very interesting this post.
I run Qemu under Ubuntu 10.04 and I followed step-by-step but I’m suceeded not emulated the VersatilePB on Qemu. The QEMU window shows the boot messages, but the Kernel Panic Message is showed.
“No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext2 cramfs minix romfs
Kernel Panic – not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0)
Could you help-me?
Regards.
Balau
2010/10/26
It could mean the
rootfsis not recognized or does not contain the program you specify with
rdinitkernel option.
Check that:
- the
rootfsis a little bigger than the
testfile. It’s an indication that the filesystem contains your file.
- the beginning of the
rootfsfile is something like “070701″ in ASCII (30 37 30 37 30 31 in hexadecimal).
- you use the
rdinitkernel option using the correct filename.
Try also to run the following command instead, to create the filesystem:
echo ./test | cpio -o --format=newc > rootfs
Míla
2010/11/22
Hi Balau,
I’ve followed all steps, I even downloaded the same linux kernel sources and toolchain, but still not able to run ARM kernel in QEMU. I got an error:
“Kernel panic – not syncing: Attempted to kill init!”
when passed correct filename to rdinit. My rootfs is surely ok, test is build using same toolchain as kernel (GNU/Linux toolchain from CodeSourcery). When I use incorrect filename in rdinit, I get same error as Vinicius do Vale:
“No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext2 cramfs minix romfs
Kernel Panic – not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0)”
So I suppose that my test in rootfs is run, but something else is wrong. Any idea?
Could you please provide yours kerenel zImage and rootfs? I would like to check if I’m able to run it under my QEMU. Or can be something wrong with my qemu-system-arm? (I don’t suppose it, because it seeems that kernel is currently running)
I’m working on Ubuntu 10.04 and my command is
qemu-system-arm -m 128M -M versatilepb -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test"
When running in cosole:
$ qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrrootfs -serial stdio -append “console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
Uncompressing Linux… done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.33.7 (mkriz@DELLo) (gcc version 4.5.1 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010.09-50) ) #1 Fri Nov 19 16:28:22 CET 2010
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 128MB = 128MB total
Memory: 125852KB available (2916K code, 228K data, 116K init, 0K highmem)
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs is enabled.
NR_IRQS:192
VIC @f1140000: id 0×00041190, vendor 0×41
Console: colour dummy device 80×30
Calibrating delay loop… 445.64 BogoMIPS (lpj=2228224)
bio: create slab at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
CLCD: unknown LCD panel ID 0×00001000, using VGA
CLCD: Versatile hardware, VGA display
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80×60
brd: module loaded
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver
ide-gd driver 1.18: 116K
Kernel panic – not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
Backtrace:
[] (dump_backtrace+0×0/0×110) from [] (dump_stack+0×18/0x1c)
r6:c7815c40 r5:00000004 r4:c0319044
[] (dump_stack+0×0/0x1c) from [] (panic+0×48/0×124)
[] (panic+0×0/0×124) from [] (do_exit+0×68/0x5c8)
r3:c03059d0 r2:c781fe40 r1:00000001 r0:c02c0bdd
[] (do_exit+0×0/0x5c8) from [] (do_group_exit+0×94/0xc8)
r7:c781ffb0
[] (do_group_exit+0×0/0xc8) from [] (get_signal_to_deliver+0×328/0×360)
r4:0830009f
[] (get_signal_to_deliver+0×0/0×360) from [] (do_signal+0×70/0x5dc)
[] (do_signal+0×0/0x5dc) from [] (do_notify_resume+0×20/0×54)
[] (do_notify_resume+0×0/0×54) from [] (work_pending+0x1c/0×20)
r4:00000000
Thanks!
Balau
2010/11/22
If the message is “Kernel panic – not syncing: Attempted to kill init!” then it seems that your test program is exiting in some way.
- It could be that the while(1) loop is optimized out (unlikely) and the program exits. You can check the generated assembler to see if there is a loop in the main function. Then compile without optimization (“-O0″)
- Have you enabled EABI support in the kernel menuconfig? (CONFIG_AEABI=y should be inside the config file)
- Maybe there’s something in the system calls of the new toolchain you use that is incompatible with the one I used. I used the 2009-q3-67 one:
I will send you the rootfs together with the kernel, if it does not work then the problem could be QEMU.
Míla
2010/11/22
Hi,
I’m sorry for wasting your time. I didn’t understand what’s EABI and I couldn’t find the option before. Now I have read something about ABI / EABI and I understand my error.
Thanks a lot for yours tutorials, they are very useful and educational.
Best regards.
Balau
2010/11/22
No problem! We’re all here to learn.
Check out this Debian page that contains some information about the ABI/EABI mess:
Puente
2010/11/25
Hello, sorry by my English, I talk Spain,
First, thanks you by the post, is very good, but I need emulate s3c2410_defconfig kernel configuration, “make s3c2410_defconfig” “make menuconfig” and “make all” using ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE variable is fine. Now, when I try emulate with qemu, show a black screen and no more, without mistakes.
If you have any answer for this, I will be thank to you.
Balau
2010/11/25
Hello!
QEMU does not support the board you’re trying to emulate. Unless you are running a modified version of QEMU that emulates the s3c2410, I don’t think that you can do what you are trying to do.
Puente
2010/11/25
I’m trying to build a System with the arm920t CPU, but I don’t have the real (physical) target, this is the reason for that, I need emulate this System on a x86, but if qemu don’t can, I don’t know how doing that.
Thanks.
Adithya
2011/01/27
I have a very silly doubt, plz dont mind.
In the below command:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
The linux kernel is in zImage, but where is the bootloader. I suppose that in your previous post regarding hello world for bare metal arm, the booting and necessary memory map were built into the test.bin. And the U-boot should be doing this for a linux kernel. But i dint understand where is the bootloader in the above command.
Balau
2011/01/27
Don’t worry, it’s not a silly doubt because the answer is hidden in QEMU internal working
In fact, QEMU acts as a bootloader in the sense that it puts zImage in a fixed location in the emulated RAM, then prepares the environment of the emulated machine, such as setting the registers, preparing the ATAGs structures according to QEMU options (“initrd”, “append”, …), and then jumps to the kernel start address to begin execution.
I discovered it by starting QEMU with the “-s -S” options to make it freeze on start, and then attaching to it with a debugger such as arm-none-eabi-gdb.
Adithya
2011/02/14
Hai
I m not very used to gdb, can u tell me the exact commands i need to type to see the booting process.
I have tried doing gdb over zImage but it says format not recognised.
Thanks in Advance !
Balau
2011/02/14
One problem is that QEMU installed from Ubuntu does not support debugging. You have to compile and install it from source or, better, use Linaro Tools PPA to install the package qemu-linaro.
Before you compile the kernel with “make … all” I suggest you enable the “compile with debug info” configuration that is present in the “make … menuconfig” screen in section “kernel hacking”.
The kernel compilation produces “arch/arm/boot/zImage” as a compressed kernel image, but also “vmlinux” as an executable, and “vmlinux” is the file to point to GDB, not zImage.
To debug the kernel I run this command:
$ qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel arch/arm/boot/zImage -s -S
QEMU will start in a freezed state, waiting from a GDB connection to port 1234. Then, from another window, I run DDD with this command:
$ ddd --debugger arm-none-eabi-gdb vmlinux
When the terminal opens, I run the commands:
target remote localhost:1234
break start_kernel
continue
And then you can debug step by step or make your own breakpoints.
You can also check out these slides: Debugging with QEMU
dwnlds
2011/02/19
QEMU supports mini2440 board?
Balau
2011/02/19
It does not support it officially, but it seems that there are people providing patches for it.
See these instructions:
The projects involved are this: and this:
I can’t guarantee if they work and if they are stable, but it’s a start!
naveed ahmad
2011/03/01
hi,
i am facing an issue, can you help be bro, i cross compiled for ARM, but now i am struck at hello program,
i need your help, i am unable to compile c program using code sourcery toolchain, tell me what i can do,
plz
naveed ahmad
naviduett@gmail.com
Balau
2011/03/01
First of all don’t panic, and then tell us:
without this information it’s hard to solve your problem.
naveed ahmad
2011/03/01
thanks sir for reply
———————–
i followed your steps that you mentioned for “Compiling Linux kernel for QEMU ARM emulator”.
cross compilation is done,
i run this command in respective dir ,qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage
and i am getting roof file system error and many other error,
then according to your article i make hello program and try to compile it with “Code Sourcery tool chain ” but i am getting error
“/root/CodeSourcery/Sourcery_G++_Lite/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.5.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 00008018″
command is root@nido:/home/naveed/Desktop# arm-none-eabi-gcc -static test.c -o test
………………..
i am stuck here, i dont know what i am missing, i tried to found it on internet but could not.
i will be really thank full you sir,
regrads
Naveed Ahmad
Balau
2011/03/01
The problem is that you are using the “bare metal” toolchain “arm-none-eabi” instead of the Linux toolchain “arm-none-linux-gnueabi” that can be downloaded here.
I’m sorry if it was not so clear in my post!
naveed ahmad
2011/03/01
i downloaded “arm-2010.09-50-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 ” from “″,
i will check this and will back to you if i face any issue.
Thanks for help..
Naveed Ahmad
naveed ahmad
2011/03/01
sorry sir again for disturbance,
there is no command arm-none-linux-gnueab after adding PATH in /etc/envir… file.
arm-none-eabi is available,
bad day for me.
i am new in embedded linux so that i am getting a lot errors,
sorry for this disturbance sir
Balau
2011/03/01
Have you tried logging out and logging in again? /etc/environment should be applied when you login.
.
What you should have is “arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc” and all the other tools.
Maybe you misspelled “arm-none-linux-gnueab” without the “i”, because if you try to execute “arm-none-linux-gnueab-gcc” it does not exist
naveed ahmad
2011/03/01
i restart the VM but no effect, well i will try it tomorrow , and then i will update you.
Thanks,
naveed ahmad
2011/03/02
Dear sir Balau
———————————
guide me if i am missing some thing plz
Thanks
Balau
2011/03/03
First of all don’t panic.
Then, what do you mean by moving the output? you don’t have to move anything.
Then you don’t apply cpio command to /, but you run cpio to create a root filesystem image.
When you say “it give me the same output”, can you copy here the last lines? if you can’t copy/paste, run:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test console=ttyAMA0"
in this case the output is on the terminal and you can copy/paste.
Adithya
2011/03/08
What is the difference between “arm-none-eabi” “arm-none-linux-gnueabi” ? I mean when should we use each one of them.
Adithya
2011/03/08
What do these kind of error mean ??? I m executing a kernel built for realview board. What are the areas i can look into for resolving these kind of errors.
Uncompressing Linux…qemu: fatal: Trying to execute code outside RAM or ROM at 0xbe800000
R00=7011070d R01=0000076d R02=411a4c00 R03=e012bce2
R04=00000000 R05=00000028 R06=70110667 R07=80007efd
R08=70111c1c R09=701116f0 R10=7011272c R11=70111604
R12=7001b67b R13=00000000 R14=70010014 R15=be800000
PSR=800001db N— A und32
Aborted (core dumped)
Balau
2011/03/08
See one of the comments above yours for the difference between the two toolchains.
About your error: R15 is the program counter, so a piece of code tried to jump to a strange address. R14 is the Link Register that usually holds the return address when you call a function. Based on the output, the code that generates the error is the one that uncompresses the kernel image into another location. I think you can try some of the following:
Try to use the “-m” option to set the memory size of QEMU to a bigger or smaller value.
Check the memory map of the realview board to see where ROM and RAM are and what’s at 0xbe800000.
Debug QEMU with GDB (also check the end of this blog post for some information on debugging QEMU execution) to see what’s the initial situation and when the problem happens.
In my experience these problems are usually related to a mismatch between the real memory size and the memory size that the software thinks to have available.
Adithya
2011/03/09
Hello, the missing thing was i disabled MMU support for the kernel during the build.
I enabled it and now, i get the output:
“Uncompressing Linux … , booting Linux”
and it probably goes into an infinite loop.
When i gdb into it, I find it stops at:
“__delay() at arch/arm/lib/delay.S”
and now i do bt to find this
#1 panic_blink_one_second
#2 panic(Attempted to kill idle task)
#3 do exit
#4 die
#5 do_kernel_fault
#6 do_page_fault
#7 do_translation_fault
#8 do_DataAbort
#9 __dabt_svc in arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
BT Stoppped: Frame did not save the PC.
Now what is leading the kernel jump to: __dabt_svc
and How can i resolve it?
Thanx in Advance
Regards
Adithya
Adithya
2011/03/10
Hey Balau,
Finally, i sucessfully booted up ARM Realview Pbx A9 with multicore on Qemu with Busybox. It would not have been possible without your guidance. I thank you a lot for the prompt help and would look for further collaboration if i get stuck with some problems in future. Please keep up the great articles you write.
Happy Blogging!
Thanks and Regards,
B. Adithya
kaiwan
2011/03/19
Hi Balau,
Hey, awesome blog! Thanks for all the useful inputs & keep ‘em coming.
Am hoping you/others can help me with a QEMU-initrd related issue:
Am having a consistent issue with attempting to mount a root filesystem using initrd
on the QEMU emulator.
This is on an x86 host w/ Ubuntu 10.10; the qemu guest is also x86 based (am using the 2.6.35-11 kernel).
I built a simple initrd image following the instructions you gave above, basically, doing:
find rootfs/ | cpio -o –format=newc > initrd.img .
Kernel config: made sure the these options were enabled:
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_NBD
CONFIG_SATA_PMP=y
CONFIG_SATA_AHCI=y
CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS
CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS
CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y
Then:
$ qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage -curses -append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/bin/busybox” -initrd ./initrd.img
…
For whatever reason, I get the (usual
panic message “VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0)”…
I even poked some instrumentation (printk’s -they start with ‘K:’ below) into the kernel to help debug the situation.
Here’s the dump when it panics:
…
[ 2.377397] K:initrd_load:131:
[ 2.477497] K:prepare_namespace:424:
m-devel@re377970] K:mount_block_root:248: fs_names = ext3 name=/dev/root
[ 2.384533] K:mount_block_root:248: fs_names = ext3 name=/dev/root
[ 2.385757] K:mount_block_root:248: fs_names = ext3 name=/dev/root
86647] K:mount_block_root:248: fs_names = ext3 name=/dev/root
[ 2.392216] List of all partitions:
[ 2.392605] 0b00 1048575 sr0 driver: sr
[ 2.392751] No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext3 vfat msdos iso9660
[ 2.393038] Kernel panic – not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0) 1
[ 2.393407] Pid: 1, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.35.11 #29 s secs 393511] Call Trace:
[ 2.393767] [] ? printk+0xf/0×11
[ 2.393948] [] panic+0x4b/0xb9
[ 2.394128] [] mount_block_root+0×183/0×192
[ 2.394220] [] ? T.1053+0×38/0x3e
[ 2.494323] [] mount_root+0x5a/0×78
[ 2.394400] [] prepare_namespace+0x1e8/0×260
[ 2.394481] [] kernel_init+0×252/0x2b2
[ 2.494561] [] ? kernel_init+0×0/0x2b2
[ 2.494638] [] kernel_thread_helper+0×6/0×10
Looking at existing forums, this seems to be a pretty common issue.
Would greatly appreciate a solution / inputs on the same.
TIA,
kaiwan.
Balau
2011/03/20
I tried to reproduce what you did, and I think the problem may be in the creation of the initrd image.
Instead of this:
$ find rootfs/ | cpio -o –format=newc > initrd.img
Try to do this:
$ cd rootfs
$ find . | cpio -o –format=newc > ../initrd.img
kaiwan
2011/03/21
Balau,
(wrt comment # 733 above):
Yes, it worked!
The pathnames being wrong it wasn’t working, i think… (prefixed w/ rootfs/ ).
Thanks v much!
Best.
kaiwan
2011/03/21
(Continuing wrt comment # 734 above):
Interestingly, one can see the path if the verbose option (-v) to cpio is used:
# find . | cpio -o –format=newc -v > ../initrd.img
.
./dev
./dev/mem
./dev/kmem
./dev/null
./dev/zero
./dev/random
…
#
So i guess it’s a good idea to use this option.
alex
2011/04/21
Hi All
Could you please tell how to create initrd image from basic file system to use output in qemu.
Every time it is showing panic
What are points are considered,in kernel & file system while compiling
Let me know some inputs
Balau
2011/04/21
Hi Alex,
if you don’t have already, check my other blog posts about creating and booting a minimal working filesystem:
Busybox for ARM on QEMU
Booting Linux with U-Boot on QEMU ARM
Uday Shankar
2011/04/23
Hello, I am Uday shankar S
I have the following problem
When i execute the following line
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-eabi-gcc- all (i get following error)
make: arm-none-eabi-gcc-gcc: Command not found
CHK include/linux/version.h
CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h
make[1]: `include/generated/mach-types.h’ is up to date.
CC kernel/bounds.s
/bin/sh: arm-none-eabi-gcc-gcc: command not found
make[1]: *** [kernel/bounds.s] Error 127
make: *** [prepare0] Error 2
Have i installed a different tool chain??
Please help me solve this problem
Balau
2011/04/23
You have to run the “
make” command with “
CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-eabi-” without the “
gcc“, because it is appended later inside the Makefile.
enzofang
2011/05/06
Hi,
i just follow the tutorial,compile the kernel and make rootfs,
and everything seems OK,but at the end i can’t see “hello world”
brd: module loaded: 100K
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/fpga:06/serio0/input/input0
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/fpga:07/serio1/input/input1
the kernel does not give me panic or error message ,i don’t know what’s wrong, can you help me solve the problem
Balau
2011/05/07
Instead of the command that I wrote in the post, try this one:
$ qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test console=ttyAMA0" -serial stdio
It should print everything on your terminal instead of on the black window.
Also, try to change “test.c” to do nothing and return, it should give you a “Kernel panic” message and you will know it is being executed.
enzofang
2011/05/07
Hi Balau，
thanks for your answer. I found i lost “\n” in the printf statement
So the kernel doesn’t print the hello message.Now it works fine
hienhoang
2011/05/10
Hi Balau,
First of all, many thanks for your interesting post. Currently, I am working on a project about Android. The project is to port Android to MIPS platform. Since I don’t have a real kit, I want to use QEMU instead. As I know, the procedure of porting Android to MIPS platform is quite similar to the way to port Linux to ARM. I have to compile the Linux kernel for MIPS platform (in my case, I chose Malta board ) as the way to compile Linux kernel for ARM. Also, I have to build a root file system. But when I use the command which is similar to your guide, it didn’t work. the message shown “kernel panic….”. I wonder if QEMU supports for emulating Android on MIPS platform or not? if yes, how can I port Android to MIPS using QEMU? Wish you can help me. Thank you again.
Balau
2011/05/12
Unfortunately I have no experience on MIPS architectures. QEMU should emulate the Malta and it should at least find the filesystem, but I don’t know if the full Android could work. Without knowing anything my guess is that the toolchain (gcc, libc, …) creates binaries that can’t be executed by that configuration of Linux kernel.
Ramesh Dixit
2011/05/23
Sir,
I’m trying to make menuconfig a kernel, but I get this error:
Code:
basement:/usr/src/linux# make menuconfig
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lncurses
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
>> Unable to find the Ncurses libraries.
>>
>> You must install ncurses-devel in order
>> to use ‘make menuconfig’
make[2]: *** [scripts/lxdialog/ncurses] Error 1
make[1]: *** [menuconfig] Error 2
make: *** [menuconfig] Error 2.
So Pls suggest me How to install ncurses..?
Balau
2011/05/23
You have to install the “ncurses” development library that is used to display the configuration menus.
if you have Ubuntu the command is “
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev“, with Debian it should be “
aptitude install libncurses5-dev” and it should be similar for other distributions.
Then you run in the Linux source tree “
make distclean” to remove all the compilation output, and try to run again “
make menuconfig“.
Ramesh Dixit
2011/05/24
Sir.
Thank you for your help, But now I am facing one more problem, after typing the last command that is qemu-system-arm………..-append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/hello” The qemu(black window) window ll appears, but it could display anything just a blackwindow, thats all. I have used linux kernel version 2.6.39. what might be the problem…? i ve installed qemu kvm extras by sudo apt get install,
Balau
2011/05/24
Try to add the “-serial stdio” option to the QEMU command to show the emulated serial port output on the terminal:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test" -serial stdio
try also to add “console=ttyAMA0″ to redirect the kernel messages to the serial port:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test console=ttyAMA0" -serial stdio
If you need the messages to show inside the window, maybe using “console=tty1″ could work.
Ramesh Dixit
2011/05/25
Sir,
I have tried both the options but still I could not see anything on qemu window(just a blank back screen). Pls help…..
Balau
2011/05/25
The options that I gave you don’t display anything in the qemu black window, but they display it in the terminal window (the one where you run the “
qemu-system-arm ...” command). What do you see in the terminal window? Do you see at least “
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.” message?
Ramesh Dixit
2011/06/02
Ya sir, I got that msg….
Balau
2011/06/02
I tried right now to compile kernel 2.6.39 and it worked for me (so the version is not the problem), using both CodeSourcery toolchains:
arm-none-eabi-or
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-.
Maybe the “make distclean” I suggested before could be the problem, because it didn’t remove something; try to redo everything running also “make distclean ARCH=arm”, and then remember to use “ARCH=arm” on all “make” commands.
Mehran Spitman
2011/06/05
Hi Balau,
Thanks for your useful post. I’m working on a project which I have to compile a series of programs for an ARM based system. I compiled Linux kernel, but my question is how can i compile those specified programs for this kernel? I see how you compile your test c program for target platform. can i use arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc for compiling for example “lighttpd”? how can I enforce the programs to use arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc instead of native gcc on my host Linux?
Balau
2011/06/06
You can take a look at this blog post: Debugging ARM programs inside QEMU, that cross-compiles a simple hello-world program using “
./configure --host=arm-none-linux-gnueabi” when compiling. If you need many packages that depends on many libraries, I think that the simplest way to do it is by using a distribution that already provides binary packages compiled for ARM, such as Debian or Ubuntu.
cpalm
2011/06/15
I was able to compile and run the kernel image as instructed, i was also able to add the rfs as explained in your other article, but when i pass the option -cpu cortex-a8 i get an error in the console “unrecognized/unsupported processor variant”. when i normally boot without this option at the # prompt when type uname -a i see that it has emulated armv5. But how can add support for armv7?
Balau
2011/06/15
Newer versions of QEMU have support for the Versatile Platform Baseboard with Cortex-A8 using the option “
-M realview-pb-a8” without the “
-cpu” option. My QEMU is installed from the Ubuntu 10.10 package, and the package version is “0.12.5+noroms-0ubuntu7.5″. I think that updating your QEMU installation should add support for armv7, and if it doesn’t because your distribution has not yet the updated packages, you should try compiling from source, downloading the latest release.
cpalm
2011/06/15
Hello balu,
thanks for your quick response. I have recompiled qemu 0.14 from the sources, i also see the option realview-pb-a8 when i type qemu-system-arm -M ?. For this to work do i have to recompile the kernel with realview_defconfig ? When i executed with this option with the kernel i have compiled with your instructions it just displays blank screen. Any idea?
thanks in advance
cpalm
cpalm
2011/06/16
hello balau
okay, i did recompile the kernel with realview_defconfig and executed the below command (i.e. as mentioned by you) it works (sort of)
qemu-system-arm -M realview-pb-a8 -m 128M -kernel zImage-realview
kernel boots with error messages. Then i run this command
qemu-system-arm -M realview-pb-a8 -m 128M -kernel zImage-realview -initrd rootfs -append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
then i simply get a blank screen.Any tips here?
thanks in advance
cpalm
Balau
2011/06/16
It’s strange that adding these options makes the screen go black, because they act only later during the boot process.
You could also try the “-serial stdio” option OR the “-nographic” option (Ctrl-A and x to exit when there’s no window to close).
Anyway it could be also useful to trace what’s happening at the beginning. Try to debug in this way:
Maybe something strange will pop up such as a jump to a strange address, an exception or a jump to non-initialized memory.
It could also be that QEMU does not support entirely the realview-pb-a8 platform and some hardware that is not emulated correctly breaks the kernel boot. Check the Linaro QEMU and Kernel releases, they could have up-to-date packages that support Cortex-A8 and Cortex-A9.
czar x
2011/06/21
hi,
i have tried building the kernel .36 and .39.1 both using the method you have mentioned.
but no matter what i do it will never display the boot messages
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel arch/arm/boot/zImage -serial stdio -append “console=ttyAMA0″
Uncompressing Linux… done, booting the kernel.
i have even tried to debug after enabling debug info (make menuconfig), it doesn’t break for start_kernel break point as u have mentioned in one of your comments.
Please help me to get the boot messages.
thanks
czar
czar x
2011/06/22
Hi
Heres a bit debugging update after i click stepi following is the location where the ddd (debugger) stops as u can see the kernel compiled is 2.6.39.1
———————-DDD command————————
Program received signal SIGINT, Interrupt.
calibrate_delay_converge () at init/calibrate.c:132
/media/15Gigs/kernel_work/linux-2.6.39.1/init/calibrate.c:132:3960:beg:0xc001deec
(gdb) stepi
——————————————————————-
Source at that particular location is:
130 /* wait for “start of” clock tick */
131 ticks = jiffies;
132 while (ticks == jiffies) /* czar comment here is where ddd points to */
133 ; /* nothing */
134 /* Go .. */
135 ticks = jiffies;
hope this helps you to resolve my issue.
thanks
czar
Balau
2011/06/23
I just tried to compile kernel 2.6.39.1 and it works for me, so maybe the problem is QEMU. what version do you have? My QEMU is installed from the Ubuntu 10.10 package, and the package version is “0.12.5+noroms-0ubuntu7.5″. As an alternative you can try to compile QEMU from source and see if something changes.
czar x
2011/06/24
Hi Balau,
u r expert.
it seems problem was indeed with qemu itself ubuntu10.04 and qemu version 0.12.3
i have download qemu both from linaro ( 0.14.50 qemu-linaro 2011.04-1) and qemu.org (0.14.1)
both worked fine.
thanks for support
I would like to know if you can provide some tutorial on testing kernel (ltp) over qemu and some device drivers.
it would be great addition to this series.
i will try the u-boot next.
thanx again for gr8 support
czar x
Balau
2011/06/25
Glad to help! I am not familiar with Linux Test Project if that’s what you meant by “lpt”, so obviously I can’t provide tutorials! But I’m going to take a look at it when I find some time. About device drivers, I think that QEMU offers emulation of peripherals that have already mature drivers in the kernel. It could be used to start developing modules that interact with hardware through other drivers, but the latest stages of developing and testing must be necessarily done on real hardware.
czar x
2011/06/28
Hi,
Yes, i meant Linux Test Project (ltp.sourceforge.net) since most of the time we are in scarcity or unavailability of the real hardware. QEMU gives an opportunity to test those modules.
In my personal interest to explore kernel i have planned to venture into
a) Linux testing
b) design device driver for existing peripheral following Greg KH’s book (Linux Device Driver)
I had pointers like ltp and kgtp () which can be used for testing linux kernel.
I have little x86 knowledge and comfortable with ARM systems.
Hope u can still answer my few questions in the areas mentioned above.
thanx once again
czar
Piyush Pandey
2011/07/05
hello Balau
I was trying to run the cross compiled linux kernel for ARM architecture in the Qemu armulator and for that I followed the steps on your blog over here and in the same way as you have described.
But when I run the following command :
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd /home/piyush/Documents/Embedded/ARM/ARM\ example\ codes/rootfs -append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
I get this error in the console of my Qemu ARM emulator:
info rcu detected cpu0 stall (t=10000 jiffies)
info rcu detected cpu0 stall (t=40000 jiffies)
info rcu detected cpu0 stall (t=80000 jiffies)
and nothing happens at all after that.
Please tell me where is the error and how to resolve it as I am very near to the running kernel of my ARM.
Thank you
Piyush Pandey
Balau
2011/07/05
Hello,
Could you please check if the output of the following commands is similar to yours?
$ file rootfs
rootfs: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)
$ cpio -t < rootfs
test
1281 blocks
the “1281″ could be different, and also the “SVR4 with no CRC” but roofs should be a cpio archive with “test” as its only file.
If the output you get is different, then rootfs has not been generated correctly.
Also, what version of QEMU are you using?
Piyush Pandey
2011/07/06
Hello Balau
I checked what you suggested and the output is as follows:
$ file rootfs
rootfs: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)
$ cpio -t rootfs
Also I am using the following Qemu version:
version 0.5.1-20100120_010601-rothera
So Balau where is the problem . Please help me Bro.
Thanks
Balau
2011/07/07
Your problems are:
- the “
rootfs” file has not been created correctly. There’s no “
test” file inside it. Please try to redo the “
echo test | cpio -o --format=newc > rootfs” command inside the directory that contains “
test“.
- your QEMU version is 7 years old. I can’t be sure that my tutorial will work on it.
Piyush Pandey
2011/07/07
hello Balau
are you using the ubuntu Linux , if yes than how you installed the latest qemu on the ubuntu linux .
Please tell me about that, because I have searched every where and no where found the qemu latest installation on the ubuntu.
Thank you
Balau
2011/07/10
If you have a newer Ubuntu version (from 10.4 Lucid Lynx for example) you should have the package you need:
Otherwise you need to download QEMU source code from here: , and compile it.
Somesh
2011/08/29
A very useful and concise explanation in the blog.
I tried carrying out the steps given in your blog. Just to reiterate, following is what I did,
- installed Code sourcery tool chain (arm-none-linux-gnueabi- prefixed binaries obtained)
- compiled linux 2.6.33 with the installed tool chain as follows,
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- all
- got zImage from the above compilation
- created a hello world file, cross compiled (with -static and -O0 flag) and created rootfs,
$ echo test.out | cpio -o –format=newc > rootfs
- ran the following command to check proper creation of rootfs
$ file test.out
&
$ cpio -t < rootfs
both give proper output as mentioned in a couple of replies of your post
- finally,
$ qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test.out"
The booting ends with a kernel panic with kernel unable to mount the rootfs along with a back trace. Following is a snippet of message towards the end,
"
List of all partitions:
No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext3 vfat msdos iso9660
Kernel panic – not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0) 1
"
Also I tried emulating test.out with qemu-arm and it gives expected behavior of printing message and waiting in while(1)
If rootfs itself has failed to mount during kernel there would be no question of running "test.out". Do you have any inputs on how to solve this?
–thanks in advance–
Balau
2011/08/29
The problem is not in the compilation of test because Linux never goes
as far as executing it: it doesn’t even mount the rootfs. The
filesystem seems OK, so I think the problem is in the kernel
compilation or configuration.
In my case, if I try to give QEMU a bad filesystem as rootfs, I get the message:
List of all partitions:
No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext2 cramfs minix romfs
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0)
In your description you didn’t include the kernel configuration (make
menuconfig). Have you configured the kernel in some custom way, such
as for example enabling/disabling some filesystem support?
Remember that if you need to go back to an original state of the
kernel source, you must run “
make distclean ARCH=arm”
Hope this helps.
Somesh
2011/08/30
Missed that point.
After configuring with the versatile defconfig file, I tried booting the image with loadable module support disabled. Because I am using arm-none-linux-gnueabi-* tool chain I have not selected option for “Use ARM EABI to compile kernel” under ‘Kernel Features’ (I tried booting with the option selected also in a different run).
The “Initial RAM file system and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support” is still selected under ‘General Setup’ of menuconfig. Although no value is there in “Initramfs source file(s)” under the same heading.
The kernel still fails to mount the rootfs with the test binary.
Would it make a difference in booting if kernel is compiled with arm-none-eabi-* tool chain set and arm-none-linux-gnueabi-* tool chain set?
Balau
2011/08/30
You have to enable ARM EABI if you want to execute user-space programs compiled with toolchains from CodeSourcery, Emdebian or Linaro.
It’s OK that the “initramfs source file(s)” option is empty, because it is used to embed the rootfs image inside the zImage, but in our case we supply it with QEMU.
The two toolchains you mention should behave in the same way when compiling Linux kernel.
I don’t know where the problem could be. The kernel version is clear, and I suppose the toolchain that you are using is quite new. Maybe the QEMU version is too old or the Linux distribution changed it and broke it. I’m currently using:
$ qemu-system-arm --version
QEMU emulator version 0.14.1 (Debian 0.14.1+dfsg-3), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
You can try to download and compile QEMU from source code, some instructions here.
Somesh
2011/08/31
Finally I could get the setup to work. The mistake was very silly,
(mistake in my original post)
-append “root=/dev/ram initrd=/test”
which should have been,
-append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
I created a minimal file system using your blog post on busybox and changed the rdinit=/bin/sh to rdinit=/test and checked it. Thats when I observed the V “diff” V and I don’t know how I missed it.
So, the kernel finally boots and greets back!!
Thanks for patience in your replies. I will definitely be reading other posts in your blog.
maximus
2011/10/07
hi balau
i recently started with linux…
there are few questions i had to ask..
1)this kernel which we compiled , is it common across all the distros(ubuntu,suse) for a particular platform(x86,arm)??if yes than what is modified between distros??
2)any inputs on how to create own distro?
thnx….
Balau
2011/10/08
1) The kernel source tree contains code for many platforms (x86, arm, mips, powerpc, …) and during the configuration step it selects the architectures. Every distribution can modify the kernel and ship it in a particular configuration as long as they comply with the GPL. For example if you download Debian or Ubuntu source package for the kernel, in the “debian” folder there should be the modifications.
2) Any modern distro provides an user friendly installation, a package manager, a rich package repository, package upgrades and quick security updates. I suggest thinking if you REALLY need to create another distro or stick with something that already exists. If you really want to create your own distro, derive from Debian, so that much of the work is already done.
Horaira Khan
2011/11/01
Hi,
i run the compiled cross compiled kernel linux-2.6.33 using command
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage
i am not getting output as expected “kernel panic”. I am getting below output
INFO: RCU detected CPU 0 Stall
i have tried with below cross compilers
CodeSourcery/Sourcery_G++_Lite/arm-2009q3-67/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
CodeSourcery/Sourcery_G++_Lite/arm-2009q3-68/bin/arm-none-eabi-
My host system is ubuntu 10.04.2
uname -a
Linux horaira-laptop 2.6.32-28-generic #55-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 10 21:21:01 UTC 2011 i686 GNU/Linux
One more thing what is the difference between
arm-none-linux-gnueabi- and arm-none-eabi-
Regards
Horaira
Balau
2011/11/03
I don’t remember having seen that error before. From a rapid search here they say it could be OK to have RCU detect a stall after a panic. Are you sure the “kernel panic” message isn’t somewhere before the last messages? How is the kernel configured?
The difference between arm-none-linux-gnueabi- and arm-none-eabi- is mainly in the libraries, you can check this comment here and Mentor’s FAQ on the toolchains for more clarifications.
Horaira Khan
2011/11/04
Thanks Balau .
Abadhesh
2011/11/19
Hi balau, U r doing great….I hav a problem that i want to porting ARM in linux system. So i need all the steps to do it, if u will help me, i will be greatful to u. So pls help me all the steps to run a LPC 2129 (Philips Microcontroller)program in linux environment. Already i have executed the program in Keil3. but i would like to execute the program in linux with the help off Boot Loader. So i need the guide from the starting. So Plz help me.
Balau
2011/11/19
I’m not sure about what you are trying to do.
It seems to me LPC2129 is a microcontroller with an ARM7TDMI inside; it means that Linux can’t be run inside that chip, but maybe uCLinux can.
I don’t think I can help you, but you can find more help here:
Fridolin
2011/11/22
Hi!
Great stuff, but I’m having some problems mounting a ext3 rootfs.
Compiled kernel 2.6.38.8 using the versatile_defconfig.
Build a filesystem using debootstrap –foreign –arch armel lucid rootfs.
Started qemu using the following command:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel linux-2.6.38.8/arch/arm/boot/zImage -serial stdio -hda rootfs.etxt3 -append “console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/sda init=/bin/bash rootfstype=ext3″
I can see all the kernel messages but than a kernel panic occurs due to the fact, that the root device cannot be opened.
…
Root-NFS: no NFS server address
VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.
VFS: Cannot open root device “sda” or unknown-block(2,0)
Please append a correct “root=” boot option; here are the available partitions:
Kernel panic – not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)
…
Any idea how to get the system running using the versatile board and the ext3 filesystem?
Regards,
Fridolin
Balau
2011/11/22
I think your problem is not ext3 in particular, but more that you are trying to boot with an hard disk; the kernel doesn’t even reach the point where it tries different filesystems.
You could try with “root=/dev/sda1″, but I suspect it won’t work because the list of available partition seems empty.
I am not familiar with debootstrap, and I don’t know in what format is rootfs.ext3.
I suspect that your system needs some sort of initrd to populate the devices and see the hard disk. I don’t know how zImage has been created so I don’t know if an initrd (or initramfs) is already included inside it.
Check these sites, they show a setup that works:
hamzeh nasajpour
2011/12/13
i follow the tutorial,compile the kernel and make rootfs,
and everything seems OK,but at the end i can’t see “hello world”.
————————
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
———————–
VNC server running on `127.0.0.1:5900′
and stopped.
===============
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -serial stdio -append “console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
————————
VNC server running on `127.0.0.1:5900′
Uncompressing Linux……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.30 (corewind @ CoreWind) (gcc version 4.2.0 20070413 (prerelease) (CodeSourcery Sourcery G++ Lite 2007q1-10)) #1 Tue Dec 13 17:11:35 IRST 2011
NR_IRQS:64
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 2048 bytes)
Console: colour dummy device 80×30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 128MB = 128MB total
Memory: 123376KB available (5276K code, 290K data, 108K init, 0K highmem)
Calibrating delay loop… 209.71 BogoMIPS (lpj=1048576)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
net_namespace: 520 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
bio: create slab at (junk in compressed archive); looks like an initrd
Freeing initrd memory: 556K
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision).
ROMFS MTD (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc.
JFS: nTxBlock = 969, nTxLock = 7756
SGI XFS with ACLs, security attributes, realtime, debug enabled
SGI XFS Quota Management subsystem
OCFS2 1.5.0
ocfs2: Registered cluster interface o2cb
OCFS2 Node Manager 1.5.0
OCFS2 DLM 1.5.0
OCFS2 DLMFS 1.5.0
OCFS2 User DLM kernel interface loaded
Btrfs loaded
yaffs Dec 13 2011 17:09:25 Installing.
msgmni has been set to 242
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
brd: module loaded
smc91x.c: v1.1, sep 22 2004 by Nicolas Pitre
IRQ 25/eth%d: IRQF_DISABLED is not guaranteed on shared IRQs
eth0: SMC91C11xFD (rev 1) at c8968000 IRQ 25 [nowait]
eth0: Ethernet addr: 52:54:00:12:34:56
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
i2c /dev entries driver
mmc0: MMCI rev 0 cfg 00 at 0×0000000010005000 irq 22,33
mmc1: MMCI rev 0 cfg 00 at 0x000000001000b000 irq 23,34
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.20.
ALSA device list:
No soundcards found.
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 1 part 10 variant 9 rev 0
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /class/input/input0
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /class/input/input1
RAMDISK: Couldn’t find valid RAM disk image starting at 0.
EXT4-fs: Update your userspace programs to mount using ext4
EXT4-fs: ext4dev backwards compatibility will go away by 2.6.31
Mount JFS Failure: -22
(1,0):ocfs2_fill_super:989 ERROR: superblock probe failed!
VFS: Cannot open root device “ram” or unknown-block(1,0)
Please append a correct “root=” boot option; here are the available partitions:
Kernel panic – not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0)
[] (unwind_backtrace+0×0/0xdc) from [] (panic+0×44/0×114)
[] (panic+0×44/0×114) from [] (mount_block_root+0x1c4/0×204)
[] (mount_block_root+0x1c4/0×204) from [] (prepare_namespace+0×160/0x1b8)
[] (prepare_namespace+0×160/0x1b8) from [] (kernel_init+0xac/0xd8)
[] (kernel_init+0xac/0xd8) from [] (do_exit+0×0/0×574)
[] (do_exit+0×0/0×574) from [] (0×3)
Please help me.
My kernel is 2.6.30 for CW9G20 board.( Embedded board with AT91SAM9G20 microcontroller).
I copy the zImage and rootfs to the test directory “/test/” and run these commands.
Please help me
Balau
2011/12/13
The interesting messages are:
“Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs…
rootfs image is not initramfs (junk in compressed archive); looks like an initrd”
It seems the rootfs image has not been created correctly or the kernel is not able to read it.
Run the command “cpio -t <rootfs" inside your working directory. It displays the list of files in the rootfs cpio archive and a size in blocks. If it does not display a line with "test", please review the way you are generating rootfs.
hamzeh nasajpour
2011/12/14
Hi Balau,
Thank you for your attention,
I Ran the command “cpio -t <rootfs" inside my working directory and it display the "test".
—————–
test
1112 blocks
—————–
I don't know my error?
hamzeh nasajpour
2011/12/14
why you delete my comment? You don’t have any solution for this problem?
Balau
2011/12/14
I don’t delete your comments. All comments are held for moderation as I explain in the “About the Blog” page. I’m sorry if WordPress.com doesn’t emphasize the fact that your comment is in a moderation queue but that’s not something I have power to change. I don’t currently have the solution to your problem, but that’s not a valid reason for me to delete comments. As I have already shown, I’m not afraid to say “I don’t know.”
The output of the cpio command is what I expected, so rootfs should not be the problem. Maybe the problem is in the Corewind kernel, which is different from the upstream version that I used in my example. Have you tried doing the same thing with the upstream kernel? The potential problems that I can think of right now are: the Corewind kernel does not support cpio archives (unlikely), or Corewind uses the RAM in a way that the rootfs image becomes corrupted when it’s time to use it. For example if the kernel decompresses itself in some location of the RAM and this location overlaps with the location of rootfs, then the boot will surely fail. I think you can use QEMU options “-s -S” and connect to it with the GDB of your ARM toolchain, then you can check the binary data of location 0×800000 (which is the location where QEMU puts the initrd file) at the beginning of execution and when the kernel panics, and verify that it corresponds to the binary data of rootfs file and that it does not change. If the content changes, then the Corewind kernel is overwriting it and you should check with them about why and how they behave differently from the mainline kernel.
hamzeh nasajpour
2011/12/14
No No No, I’m sorry. Excuse me. It was a misunderstanding.
Thank you for your answer. Please mail a rootfs and zImage that you build them for working in qemu.
hamzeh.nasajpour@gmail.com
Balau
2011/12/14
OK no problem.
I’ll send you the two files when I have access to my home computer.
If you want you can also send me your zImage.
Fridolin
2011/12/15
Hello Balau!
It take me some time, but now I’m having a solution so it works even with a filesystem build using debootstrap.
The problem in my case was that the standard kernel configuration of the versatile board does not work. I had to enable the SCSI driver SYM53C8xx and some other functions.
If doing so I can use a virtual disc to boot.
Creating the disc:
qemu-img create disc.img 1G
Partitioning the disc. You have to follow the installation wizard till the partitioner has finished.
qemu -hda disc.img -cdrom debian-XXX-CD.iso -boot d
Mount the disc and copy the filesystem to it:
sudo mount -o loop,offset=32256 disc.img /mnt
sudo cp -pRd TARGET_FS/* /mnt
sudo umount /mnt
Start the system:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 256M -kernel arch/arm/boot/zImage -serial stdio -hda disc.img -append “console=ttyAMA0,115200n8 root=/dev/sda1″
Some changes in /etc/securetty, /dev and /etc/inittab of the target rootfilesystem must be done so you can login on the ttyAMA0 as root.
Regards,
Fridolin
Balau
2011/12/15
Glad you did it! It is also possible to create and partition a disc.img without using QEMU and the Debian ISO, but disc.img must be a raw binary file created with dd, and then it can be mounted as loop device and partitioned using parted, fdisk and mkfs.ext3 on it manually from the host.
hamzeh nasajpour
2011/12/15
hi,
Thank you very very much.
I could build my kernel with your .config.
Please explain your .config for me.
hamzeh nasajpour
2011/12/15
I have a mini2440 board. This board has a ARM9 – ARM920T.
This board has a 7″ LCD with Qt distribution.
Can I emulate the graphical LCD in the qemu?
Balau
2011/12/15
I ran “make ARCH=arm versatile_defconfig”, then I changed two options: added “CONFIG_AEABI=y” and removed “CONFIG_MODULES”.
Probably the Versatile board default configuration file is different from the CW9G20 default one.
It is possible to emulate an LCD with QEMU (see Trying Debian for ARM on QEMU), but I don’t know if it can emulate the specific LCD of the mini2440 board. When you launch qemu-system-arm, the “-M” option indicates the architecture and the board, and it includes the memory map, the I/O peripherals and graphical display.
In my example I use the Versatile emulation, but I see there’s a project that is working on QEMU and Linux for the mini2440:. Their version of QEMU should support also the “-M mini2440″ option or something like that.
hamzeh nasajpour
2011/12/17
Thank you,
In this page said that we can emulate the mini2440.
======================================
1 git clone git://repo.or.cz/qemu/mini2440.git
2 cd mini2440
3 git apply < /path/to/qemu_glofiish.diff
4 ./configure –target-list=arm-softmmu
5 make
======================================
when I run line 3, I have errors.
error: patch failed: Makefile.target:655
error: Makefile.target: patch does not apply
error: patch failed: hw/boards.h:131
error: hw/boards.h: patch does not apply
error: hw/glofiish.c: already exists in working directory
error: patch failed: hw/nand.c:357
error: hw/nand.c: patch does not apply
error: patch failed: hw/sd.c:33
error: hw/sd.c: patch does not apply
error: patch failed: target-arm/machine.c:24
error: target-arm/machine.c: patch does not apply
=====================================
Please download the "qemu_glofiish.diff" and give me more information about these errors.
I'm confused that what is these commands and why error was occurred?
Thank you
hamzeh nasajpour
2011/12/17
Please see the following web link:
In this link you can download a tar file and extract it and use the following commands
to emulating the mini2440 with graphical LCD.
I ran the following commands but I have an error.
Please download and test it if it is possible for your.
kernel and needed files is in the following link:
run the “mini2440_start.sh”
then run the following commands:
MINI2440 # run set_bootargs_nand
MINI2440 # saveenv
MINI2440 # setenv bootcmd ‘nboot.e kernel ; bootm’
MINI2440 # boot
My error:
=======================================================================
reading NAND page at offset 0×60000 failed
** Read error
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 …
Image Name:
Created: 2011-02-22 17:34:07 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2799320 Bytes = 2.7 MB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum … OK
OK
Starting kernel …
Uncompressing Linux…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. done, booting the kernel.
s3c_timers_write: Bad register 0×40
Linux version 2.6.32.2-FriendlyARM (gorka@gorka-EasyNote-TM94) (gcc version 4.3.2 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2008q3-72) ) #5 Tue Feb 22 18:29:45 CET 2011
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: FriendlyARM Mini2440 development board
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0×32440001)
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd init=/sbin/init mini2440=0tb
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 59024KB available (5200K code, 477K data, 168K init, 0K highmem)
SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
NR_IRQS:85
irq: clearing subpending status 00000003
Console: colour dummy device 80×30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop… 392.39 BogoMIPS (lpj=980992)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off
bio: create slab at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0×10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
yaffs Feb 21 2011 11:42:53 Installing.
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
JFS: nTxBlock = 461, nTxLock = 3693
msgmni has been set to 115
alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
io scheduler noop registered (default)
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 100×30
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
backlight initialized
QEMU: mini2440_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now on (1).
leds initialized
buttons initialized
pwm initialized
adc initialized
s3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0×50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0×50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0×50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
loop: module loaded
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=3, 29ns Twrph0=7 69ns, Twrph1=3 29ns
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: NAND soft ECC
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0×76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 5 MTD partitions on “NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit”:
0×000000000000-0×000000040000 : “supervivi”
0×000000040000-0×000000060000 : “param”
0×000000060000-0×000000560000 : “Kernel”
0×000000560000-0×000040560000 : “root”
mtd: partition “root” extends beyond the end of device “NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit” — size truncated to 0x3aa0000
0×000000000000-0×000040000000 : “nand”
mtd: partition “nand” extends beyond the end of device “NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit” — size truncated to 0×4000000
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31
eth0: dm9000e at c48ac300,c48b0304 IRQ 51 MAC: 08:90:90:90:90:90 (chip)
Atmel at76x USB Wireless LAN Driver 0.17 loading
usbcore: registered new interface driver at76c50x-usb
usbcore: registered new interface driver zd1211rw
usbcore: registered new interface driver rtl8187
usbcore: registered new interface driver zd1201
usbcore: registered new interface driver ar9170usb
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 ‘Open’ Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0×49000000
usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001
usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
usb usb1: Product: S3C24XX OHCI
usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.32.2-FriendlyARM ohci_hcd
usb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xx
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 3 ports detected aircable
usbcore: registered new interface driver aircable
USB Serial support registered for ark3116
usbcore: registered new interface driver ark3116
USB Serial support registered for Belkin / Peracom / GoHubs USB Serial Adapter
usbcore: registered new interface driver belkin
belkin_sa: v1.2:USB Belkin Serial converter driver
USB Serial support registered for ch341-uart
usbcore: registered new interface driver ch341
USB Serial support registered for cp210x
usbcore: registered new interface driver cp210x
cp210x: v0.09:Silicon Labs CP210x RS232 serial adaptor driver
USB Serial support registered for Reiner SCT Cyberjack USB card reader
usbcore: registered new interface driver cyberjack
cyberjack: v1.01 Matthias Bruestle
cyberjack: REINER SCT cyberJack pinpad/e-com USB Chipcard Reader Driver
USB Serial support registered for DeLorme Earthmate USB
USB Serial support registered for HID->COM RS232 Adapter
USB Serial support registered for Nokia CA-42 V2 Adapter
usbcore: registered new interface driver cypress
cypress_m8: v1.09:Cypress USB to Serial Driver
USB Serial support registered for Digi 2 port USB adapter
USB Serial support registered for Digi 4 port USB adapter
usbcore: registered new interface driver digi_acceleport
digi_acceleport: v1.80.1.2:Digi AccelePort USB-2/USB-4 Serial Converter driver
USB Serial support registered for Edgeport 2 port adapter
USB Serial support registered for Edgeport 4 port adapter
USB Serial support registered for Edgeport 8 port adapter
USB Serial support registered for EPiC device
usbcore: registered new interface driver io_edgeport
io_edgeport: v2.7:Edgeport USB Serial Driver
USB Serial support registered for Edgeport TI 1 port adapter
USB Serial support registered for Edgeport TI 2 port adapter
usbcore: registered new interface driver io_ti
io_ti: v0.7mode043006:Edgeport USB Serial Driver
USB Serial support registered for empeg
usbcore: registered new interface driver empeg
empeg: v1.2:USB Empeg Mark I/II Driver
USB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device
usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio
ftdi_sio: v1.5.0:USB FTDI Serial Converters Driver
USB Serial support registered for funsoft
usbcore: registered new interface driver funsoft
USB Serial support registered for Garmin GPS usb/tty
usbcore: registered new interface driver garmin_gps
garmin_gps: v0.33:garmin gps driver
USB Serial support registered for hp4X
usbcore: registered new interface driver hp4X
hp4x: v1.00:HP4x (48/49) Generic Serial driver
USB Serial support registered for PocketPC PDA
usbcore: registered new interface driver ipaq
ipaq: v0.5:USB PocketPC PDA driver
USB Serial support registered for IPWireless converter
usbcore: registered new interface driver ipwtty
ipw: v0.3:IPWireless tty driver
USB Serial support registered for IR Dongle
usbcore: registered new interface driver ir-usb
ir_usb: v0.4:USB IR Dongle driver
USB Serial support registered for iuu_phoenix
usbcore: registered new interface driver iuu_phoenix
iuu_phoenix: v0.11:Infinity USB Unlimited Phoenix driver
USB Serial support registered for Keyspan – (without firmware)
USB Serial support registered for Keyspan 1 port adapter
USB Serial support registered for Keyspan 2 port adapter
USB Serial support registered for Keyspan 4 port adapter
usbcore: registered new interface driver keyspan
keyspan: v1.1.5:Keyspan USB to Serial Converter Driver
USB Serial support registered for Keyspan PDA
USB Serial support registered for Keyspan PDA – (prerenumeration)
USB Serial support registered for Xircom / Entregra PGS – (prerenumeration)
usbcore: registered new interface driver keyspan_pda
keyspan_pda: v1.1:USB Keyspan PDA Converter driver
USB Serial support registered for KL5KUSB105D / PalmConnect
usbcore: registered new interface driver kl5kusb105d
kl5kusb105: v0.3a:KLSI KL5KUSB105 chipset USB->Serial Converter driver
USB Serial support registered for KOBIL USB smart card terminal
usbcore: registered new interface driver kobil
kobil_sct: 21/05/2004:KOBIL USB Smart Card Terminal Driver (experimental)
USB Serial support registered for MCT U232
usbcore: registered new interface driver mct_u232
mct_u232: z2.1:Magic Control Technology USB-RS232 converter driver
USB Serial support registered for Moschip 2 port adapter
mos7720: 1.0.0.4F:Moschip USB Serial Driver
usbcore: registered new interface driver moschip7720
USB Serial support registered for Moschip 7840/7820 USB Serial Driver
mos7840: 1.3.2:Moschip 7840/7820 USB Serial Driver
usbcore: registered new interface driver mos7840
USB Serial support registered for moto-modem
usbcore: registered new interface driver moto-modem
USB Serial support registered for navman
usbcore: registered new interface driver navman
USB Serial support registered for ZyXEL – omni.net lcd plus usb
usbcore: registered new interface driver omninet
omninet: v1.1:USB ZyXEL omni.net LCD PLUS Driver
USB Serial support registered for opticon
usbcore: registered new interface driver opticon
USB Serial support registered for GSM modem (1-port)
usbcore: registered new interface driver option
option: v0.7.2:USB Driver for GSM modems
USB Serial support registered for oti6858
usbcore: registered new interface driver oti6858
USB Serial support registered for pl2303
usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303
pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver
USB Serial support registered for Qualcomm USB modem
usbcore: registered new interface driver qcserial
safe_serial: v0.0b:USB Safe Encapsulated Serial
USB Serial support registered for safe_serial
usbcore: registered new interface driver safe_serial
USB Serial support registered for siemens_mpi
usbcore: registered new interface driver siemens_mpi
Driver for Siemens USB/MPI adapter
Version 0.1 09/26/2005 Thomas Hergenhahn@web.de
USB Serial support registered for Sierra USB modem
usbcore: registered new interface driver sierra
sierra: v.1.3.8:USB Driver for Sierra Wireless USB modems
USB Serial support registered for SPCP8x5
usbcore: registered new interface driver spcp8x5
spcp8x5: v0.04:SPCP8x5 USB to serial adaptor driver
USB Serial support registered for symbol
usbcore: registered new interface driver symbol
USB Serial support registered for TI USB 3410 1 port adapter
USB Serial support registered for TI USB 5052 2 port adapter
usbcore: registered new interface driver ti_usb_3410_5052
ti_usb_3410_5052: v0.9:TI USB 3410/5052 Serial Driver
USB Serial support registered for Handspring Visor / Palm OS
USB Serial support registered for Sony Clie 3.5
USB Serial support registered for Sony Clie 5.0
usbcore: registered new interface driver visor
visor: USB HandSpring Visor / Palm OS driver
USB Serial support registered for Connect Tech – WhiteHEAT – (prerenumeration)
USB Serial support registered for Connect Tech – WhiteHEAT
usbcore: registered new interface driver whiteheat
whiteheat: v2.0:USB ConnectTech WhiteHEAT driver
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
s3c2410 TouchScreen successfully loaded
input: s3c2410 TouchScreen as /devices/virtual/input/input0
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0
i2c /dev entries driver
Linux video capture interface: v2.00
gspca: main v2.7.0 registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver conex
conex: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver etoms
etoms: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver finepix
finepix: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver jeilinj
jeilinj: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver mars
mars: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver mr97310a
mr97310a: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver ov519
ov519: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver ov534
ov534: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver pac207
pac207: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver pac7311
pac7311: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sn9c20x
sn9c20x: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixb
sonixb: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixj
sonixj: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca500
spca500: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca501
spca501: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca505
spca505: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca506
spca506: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca508
spca508: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver spca561
spca561: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905
sq905: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905c
sq905c: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver sunplus
sunplus: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver stk014
stk014: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver t613
t613: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver tv8532
tv8532: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver vc032x
vc032x: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver zc3xx
zc3xx: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver ALi m5602
ALi m5602: registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver STV06xx
STV06xx: registered
gspca_gl860: driver startup – version 0.9d10
usbcore: registered new interface driver gspca_gl860
gspca_gl860: driver registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo
USB Video Class driver (v0.1.0)
initializing s3c2440 camera interface……2440 camif init done
SCCB address 0×60, manufacture ID 0xFFFF, expect 0x7FA2
SCCB address 0×60, manufacture ID 0xFFFF, expect 0x7FA2
No OV9650 found!!!
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: powered down.
s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: mmc0 – using pio, sw SDIO IRQ
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.21.
No device for DAI UDA134X
No device for DAI s3c24xx-i2s
S3C24XX_UDA134X SoC Audio driver
UDA134X SoC Audio Codec
asoc: UDA134X s3c24xx-i2s mapping ok
ALSA device list:
#0: S3C24XX_UDA134X (UDA134X)
TCP cubic registered
lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2011-12-17 13:36:20 UTC (1324128980)
Root-NFS: No NFS server available, giving up.
VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.
VFS: Cannot open root device “” or unknown-block(2,0)
Please append a correct “root=” boot option; here are the available partitions:
1f00 256 mtdblock0 (driver?)
1f01 128 mtdblock1 (driver?)
1f02 5120 mtdblock2 (driver?)
1f03 60032 mtdblock3 (driver?)
1f04 65536 mtdblock4 (driver?)
Kernel panic – not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)
Backtrace:
[] (dump_backtrace+0×0/0x10c) from [] (dump_stack+0×18/0x1c)
r7:c39b30f7 r6:c0588250 r5:c39b3000 r4:c3823f40
[] (dump_stack+0×0/0x1c) from [] (panic+0x4c/0×134)
[] (panic+0×0/0×134) from [] (mount_block_root+0×178/0×234)
r3:00000000 r2:c38689ec r1:c3823f40 r0:c04cd138
[] (mount_block_root+0×0/0×234) from [] (mount_root+0xb0/0xf4)
[] (mount_root+0×0/0xf4) from [] (prepare_namespace+0xf8/0×190)
r7:c0587c20 r6:c0023808 r5:c0023808 r4:c002235c
[] (prepare_namespace+0×0/0×190) from [] (kernel_init+0xf0/0×124)
r7:00000000 r6:c0021e2c r5:c002235c r4:c002235c
[] (kernel_init+0×0/0×124) from [] (do_exit+0×0/0x62c)
r7:00000000 r6:00000000 r5:00000000 r4:00000000
Balau
2011/12/17
The errors when applying the “diff” are probably because the diff was created some time ago, and now the mini2440 QEMU source files have changed and the diff is trying to modify files that are different. But I don’t think the diff is what you need, it seems to me that it is needed to add support for X800 or N800 which should be different architecture with respect to your mini2440. If you want to patch, you need to go back to a previous version of the source code. There’s a git command for that but I don’t remember it now. Anyway I don’t think that patch will help you, but maybe I am missing something.
Your errors seem the same errors that are reported in the page you linked. I think QEMU does not yet emulate the camera on the mini2440, but that’s not a problem in boot. The problem here is that Linux does not find a filesystem, because the image passed with the QEMU “drive” option is empty. The kernel arguments are these, so it seems the kernel expects no ramdisk and so it will try to boot from the drive.
Kernel command line: console=ttySAC0,115200 noinitrd init=/sbin/init mini2440=0tb
If you want to make it boot completely, I think you need to populate the drive image with a filesystem in a similar way as the initramfs. By googling quickly I found these instruction that should give you an idea of what you can do: Creating a hard disk image
hamzeh nasajpour
2011/12/18
Thank you for your answer:
In the link that I send to you, a file is available with name of “mini2440_start.sh”.
In this file is a script that run this command in the final.
================================================================
base=”/home/mini2440/qemu/mini2440″
echo Starting in $base
name_nand=”$base/mini2440_nand.bin”
name_snapshots=”$base/mini2440_snapshots.img”
qemu-system-arm \
-M mini2440 $* \
-drive file=$name_snapshots,snapshot=on \
-serial stdio \
-kernel “$base”/uImage_16k \
-mtdblock “$name_nand” \
-show-cursor \
-usb -usbdevice keyboard -usbdevice mouse”
================================================================
Can you describe these commands and parameters that how to work?plz?
sorry, I’m beginner.
And if is it possible change the script for working without error. I don’t know why error was occurred. Please.
Thank you
Balau
2011/12/18
The “base” variable is the working directory where the binary images are. It should be changed with the directory you use.
mini2440_nand.bin seems to be the binary image that goes in the onboard Flash, with the boot loader (U-Boot maybe?). It is passed to QEMU with the mtdblock option.
The mini2440_snapshot.img should be the image of the storage containing the filesystem, and it is passed with the “drive” option, I think it emulates the SD card.
The script also passes the kernel (uImage_16k) to the emulator, with the “kernel” option. It is possible that uImage_16k is created with mkimage, which is a tool by U-Boot to package binary images so that the bootloader understands them (how big they are, what’s inside, …) and can be used at boot.
I don’t know how to make the error disappear, as I said the errors are the same that are present in the page you linked, so you are getting the expected result, which is a kernel panic when it does not find a filesystem.
The wiki seems to have more information on how to go on: have you tried to ask them in one of the wiki pages? I am not familiar with your board, but they worked on it so they are surely more informed than me.
See also this page, it seems interesting.
joel
2011/12/19
Hi Balau,
Thanks a lot for your post. I need a way to debug the linux kernel in eclipse.
But before I can do that I need to successfully run the linux kernel in qemu.
I tried sequentially as per your steps.
But in the last step, when I ran using the “qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test” ” after creating the filesystem I get the kernel panic message “kernel panic-not syncing attempted to kill init” and also there is no message from test.c, the output in qemu is same as before creating the filesystem(when there was no filesystem and the error was displayed)
Please help
Thanks in advance
sites referred:
-your site
-
Balau
2011/12/19
Usually this error is displayed because “
test” is not executed because the ARM EABI support is disabled. Try to see if your “
.config” file has a line containing “
CONFIG_AEABI=y” and if not, add it
with “with “
make menuconfig“
make ARCH=arm menuconfig” or by adding it manually.
joel
2011/12/19
Hi Balau,
I set the EABI as per your instruction under Kernel Features in menuconfig, then built the kernel using the crosscompiler toolchain.
Anyway I would like to check the .config file for “CONFIG_AEABI=y”,
But I dont know where my .config is written to , after the make menuconfig, please say where the .config file is.
Please help
Thanks in advance
Joel
Balau
2011/12/19
The “
.config” file should be in the same directory where you run “
make“.
Anyway I made a small mistake in last comment, you should run “
make ARCH=arm menuconfig” instead.
It is also a good idea to run “
make ARCH=arm distclean” if it still doesn’t work, and then reconfigure and rebuild everything.
joel
2011/12/20
Hi Balau
Problem found(I think)! I enabled EAB under kernel features, before building, using make ARCH=arm menuconfig, but after the build the when I checked the EAB option using make ARCH=arm menuconfig it was disabled!!!
So please help me find the .config file to enable EAB by manually adding CONFIG_AEABI=y before building
These are the steps which I did
first setting the paths
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi
export PATH=/home/ctsuser/DS-5-Workspace/arm-2010q1/bin:$PATH
make ARCH=arm menuconfig
enabled EABI support under kernel features
make ARCH=arm versatile_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- all
Build successfull!!!
but when I ran make ARCH=arm menuconfig the EAB option is disabled!!!
Please help me enable the EAB option manually, so It will remain even after the build
I am not able to find the .config file after the make, please specify the exact name and path of the .config file, assuming I am performing make under the directory /linux-2.6.32 and following the above steps(almost same as yours,except for the paths in export)
Please help
Thanks in advance
joel
2011/12/20
Hi Balau
The exact error I am encountering is this,
Freeing init memory: 104k
Kernel panic– not syncing: Attempted to kill init
joel
2011/12/20
Hi Balau,
It is working!!! The problem was that I should give make ARCH=arm menuconfig just before compiling the kernel, ie. before the make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- all …
it is because make ARCH=arm versatile_defconfig resets the .config values disabling the EABI
Now I am attempting to debug the kernel in eclipse
as per the site,
by giving the -s and -S option in the qemu
Thanks a lot for your help
Balau
2011/12/20
I don’t understand why you are not finding the .config file, it’s usually there… if you are performing make under the directory /linux-2.6.32, then the .config file is “/linux-2.6.32/.config”. Maybe you thought that it was called something like “versatilepb.config” and you searched for “/linux-2.6.32/*.config”, which will not return anything. It is simply “.config”, with nothing before the dot. In Linux, any file whose name begins with a dot is considered “hidden” and some commands like “ls” won’t display them by default, you need to explicitly use “ls -A” to display also hidden files. Also some file managers to navigate the folders (nautilus, konqueror, …) have an option to display hidden files, which is disabled by default.
joel
2011/12/20
Hi Balau,
I need the kernel to boot and run in QEMU continuosly without crashing, all I am getting now is HelloWorld
I tried removing the infinite loop, then I am getting ” kernel panic – not syncing: Attempted to kill init”
Please give me a qemu command, which runs the kernel without kernel panic similar to the site: “,”, and I can step through the source code in eclipse using the -s and -S option
I used this site(, ) as reference, before I came to your site, It says on howto debug the kernel using QEMU and eclipse
But since I followed your build methodology of root filesystem creation, am not able to use the steps in the site (I dont know how to create standard filesystems to run the kernel on)
Please help me debug the kernel code in eclipse by giving a QEMU command which runs the kernel alone, allowing me to step through the kernel
Thanks a lot for your help
joel
2011/12/20
Hi Balau,
In your command
“qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test” ”
is there a way to mount the rootfs without running the test.c??
Because when I give qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append “root=/dev/ram” it throws the error
No filesystem could mount, root tried:ext2 cramfs minix romfs
Please help,
Thanks in advance
Hamzeh Nasajpour
2011/12/20
Hi Balau,
I could emulate the linux for mini2440 (Qtopia, Angstrom, Embeddian) in graphic and nographic mode.
Do hava any article for kernel porting? I want to create an embedded board with ARM9
and develop a kernel and RFS for it.
please help me.
Regards,
joel
2011/12/20
Hi Balau,
sorry for the many posts, but I need this to work desperately, please be patient with my many posts
I came across this site “”, can you tell me a way to use the downloaded filesystem instead of your file system, in your final QEMU command…
It also says in the site
***********************************************************************************************************
All are in raw disk format which can be loop mounted, or used directly as a raw disk with KVM (or QEMU), User Mode Linux and many others. See below for some examples.
Note: there is no bootloader! Use your own kernel or install a bootloader via a chroot.
***********************************************************************************************************
The site says QEMU can be used, so please tell how to download and use the downloaded file system in your final QEMU command
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
also please explain the following parameters in your QEMU command
-initrd rootfs
-append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
-M versatilepb
-m 128M
Thanks a ton for your help
Balau
2011/12/20
@joel
Even if you don’t have a filesystem, you CAN debug the boot phase of the kernel. Then when the kernel tries to find a filesystem it will panic, but you can debug anything before that point. Be aware that some QEMU versions, such as the one shipped in some versions of Ubuntu, have a bug where even if you run “-s -S”, the emulation will not stop at the beginning, but it will continue and then panic, so you can’t debug the boot. To solve this problem you need to recompile QEMU or use a different distribution.
You don’t need a bootloader because QEMU does everything you need with the “-kernel” option.
If you need a filesystem, a simple way to have it is to use a ramdisk with Busybox on it, as I explain in Busybox for ARM on QEMU
The “-M versatilepb -m 128M” options in QEMU are used to emulate the ARM Versatile Platform Baseboard, with 128MiB of RAM. It’s an old architecture (with an ARM926EJ-S core) that has been supported on Linux mainline kernel, QEMU and U-Boot.
The “-initrd rootfs” option tells QEMU to load the file “rootfs” into memory at a certain address, and pass that address to the Linux kernel.
The “-append ‘root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test’” option adds some parameters to pass to Linux kernel, and in particular they tell the kernel that the root filesystem is in ram, and the first program that has to be called from the ramdisk is the “/test” we created, instead of the default “/sbin/init”.
You can have more information on QEMU commands from “qemu-system-arm –help”, or “man qemu-system-arm” or this documentation.
It seems to me that both the sites that you pointed have nothing to do with ARM, so you can’t download and use those images. when you run “qemu” or “qemu-system-x86_64″ it emulates an x86 machine, if you run “qemu-system-arm” it emulates an ARM machine, they are VERY different and a kernel+filesystem for one can’t work on another.
Balau
2011/12/20
@Hamzeh
I know this guide: Linux Porting Guide.
But I think that if you use a core that Linux already supports (some OMAP chips for example), you have less work to do. I never ported Linux on anything, but I think it involves taking care mainly of the boot process (boot loader, storage for boot loader, kernel and ramdisk), the root filesystem storage (SD card? USB drive?). Most of the root filesystem will already work, it should be sufficient that is compiled for the same architecture.
I’m sorry but I can’t help you with this because I never did it.
joel
2011/12/21
Hi Balau,
Thanks a lot for your help.
By following your blog,
I was able to successfully setup the root filesystem and boot my kernel linux-2.6.32.2. Now I have a working kernel with a shell bash, that I can run basic commands such as ls and cd on.
But when I try to connect it with my eclipse gdb server using the -s and -S option, I am getting warning ” warning: Architecture rejected target-supplied description ” and am not able to step through the source code, it is giving, “no source available at 0×0″
The steps are given in this site, but when I try to follow all the steps, the qemu is not booting the kernel, an array of colours are coming instead.
Can you please go through the site and suggest me a way to debug the linux kernel in eclipse.
I feel the eclipse is not supporting the qemu-system-arm, but might support qemu alone.
Please give a way of compiling an image which is not arm and workable under linux
There is the command qemu -no-kvm -s -S -kernel /mnt/build/linux-2.6/arch/x86/boot/bzImage -hda /mnt/sid.ext3 -append “root=/dev/sda” in the site
Please help me to configure the above QEMU command based on the filesystem downloaded from
Thanks again for your help
Balau
2011/12/21
The error message you get about “Architecture rejected” is probably because you are trying to debug an ARM architecture with an x86 GDB. You need to use the GDB for ARM. It seems to me the option is configured in this screen:
you need to put in the “GDB debugger” field the gdb of the ARM toolchain, such as “arm-none-eabi-gdb” or “arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gdb”, in particular it is what you used in the kernel compilation.
If you need to use images, you can’t use qemu-system-arm or an ARM kernel, you need to use qemu and a x86 kernel. You need to unzip the file and pass it with the -hda option, for example:”
It’s still not clear to me if your objective is to debug Linux on an ARM architecture or what. The only thing you said about your objective is:
There’s no mention of ARM. If you don’t need to debug specifically on ARM, then I strongly suggest you to keep everything for x86, because all the tools are more mature and there’s more stuff about it on the Internet.
joel
2011/12/22
Hi Balau,
Am sorry for not being clear, and thanks a lot for your patience.
I need to debug the linux kernel in eclipse regardless of the architecture x86 or ARM. But since the eclipse seems to support only x86 as you mentioned, can you give me
The detailed build procedure of the kernel for x86, and obtain the zImage for the kernel
Which x86 toolchain to use, where to download and how to use in build
Setting the necessary things in menuconfig.
Finally the QEMU command
I am new to this field, therefore please help me by giving step by step guidelines or guide me to sites which gives step by step guidelines.
Thanks a lot for your help
PS: I tried searching the internet for the error “Architecture rejected target-supplied description” but could find no solution, but you found the problem to be the x86 architecture, thanks a ton for your help
joel
2011/12/22
Hi Balau,
you said
“”you need to put in the “GDB debugger” field the gdb of the ARM toolchain, such as “arm-none-eabi-gdb” or “arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gdb”, in particular it is what you used in the kernel compilation.”"
If I do the build as per your instructions in this blog for ARM architecture, can you tell me the changes I have to make in eclipse? I tried to change the gdb for arm tool chain, but was unable to find where to change, please give step by step instruction on how to change the gdb field to arm toolchain in eclipse.
Thanks
Balau
2011/12/22
Forget ARM. Really, forget it. As I said, it’s easier to do everything in x86. The toolchain is simply gcc, the QEMU command is simply qemu, the root filesystem is simply what you can find here:, and if you stick to x86, then everything you need to do to compile and debug Linux is written in that site:
I just suggest two differences with respect to that tutorial:
1. Instead of getting the kernel from git, you can download a stable version:
2. Instead of creating and using /mnt/sid.ext3 you can pass the filesystem you download and uncompress from, as I said in the previous comments. For example you could use the Debian Squeeze 32 bit version.
I believe you were not able to follow the instruction of because you mixed his tutorial with mine, and they are incompatible.
joel
2011/12/22
Hi Balau
I am not able to perform the build as per the site.
When I do all of the steps I am getting error
**** Build of configuration Default for project linux-2.6.32.1_k ****
make O=/mnt/build/linux-2.6.32.1_k all
make -C /home/ctsuser/DS-5-Workspace/linux-2.6.32.1_k O=/mnt/build/linux-2.6.32.1_k/.
ln: cannot remove `source’: Permission denied
make[3]: *** [outputmakefile] Error 1
make[2]: *** No rule to make target `include/config/auto.conf’, needed by `include/config/kernel.release’. Stop.
make[1]: *** [sub-make] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
**** Build Finished ****
Please help
joel
2011/12/22
Hi Balau,
Since I am unable to build the kernel for x86 architecture using eclipse…
Please suggest a site which gives step by step instruction on how to build a kernel for x86 architecture
Thanks a lot
Balau
2011/12/22
Ideally, you should just do:
cd ~
wget
tar xjf linux-3.1.6.tar.bz2
cd linux-3.1.6
make defconfig
make menuconfig # And add debug info and frame pointers
make
I think your problem could be three things:
1. you are trying to build the kernel on directories where you don’t have complete access (it gives “Permission denied”). I suggest doing everything under your home directory or below.
2. you are not working on a clean linux tree. maybe something from previous compilation remained. Run “make distclean” and re-configure the kernel with “make defconfig” or using a pre-generated .config.
3. the kernel is not configured (run “make defconfig”)
I can give you a couple of sites for kernel compilation:
joel
2011/12/23
Hi Balu
In one of your old comments you talked about using the ddd debugger as follows
___________________________________________________________________
error
GDB could not be started
ddd requires some inferior debugger to run,
joel
2011/12/23
Hi Balau,
I was able to build successfully for the x86 architecture in terminal, but in eclipse I am getting this error
*** Error during update of the kernel configuration.
make[2]: *** [silentoldconfig] Error 1
make[1]: *** [silentoldconfig] Error 2
make: *** No rule to make target `include/config/auto.conf’, needed by `include/config/kernel.release’. Stop.
**** Build Finished ****
But since I built successfully in terminal I can proceed to the next step of creating a rootfilesystem to mount my kernel.
As you suggested in your previous blog”
can you specify in detail under which directory should I give the above qemu command
Thanks
joel
2011/12/23
Hi Balau
I followed ur steps but am getting error
built the kernel for x86 using
make defconfig
make menuconfig(enabled compile with kernel debug info, compile with frame pointers)
then
did the following
went into /linux2.6.32.2/arch/x86/boot (my bzImage located here)
extracted the Debian-Squeeze-x86-root_fs
qemu -no-kvm -s -S -kernel /mnt/build/linux-2.6/arch/x86/boot/bzImage -hda Debian-Squeeze-x86-root_fs -append “root=/dev/sda”
now am getting kernel panic here is the error
Please append a correct “root=” boot option here are the available partitions
sda driver: sd
sr0 driver: sr
kernel panic not syncing : VFS : unable to mount rootfs on unknown block(8,1)
Please help
Thanks
joel
2011/12/23
Hi Balau,
I just want to wish you a merry christmas and happy new year.
Thanks a lot for your help, I wouldnt have gotten this far without your aid.
Thanks, and enjoy your vacation
Balau
2011/12/24
I tried to do the same things you did and it works for me, but I did something different to extract the Debian root filesystem. I said a wrong thing before, to uncompress
Debian-Squeeze-x86-root_fs.bz2I thought it was compressed with “tar” so I said the command was “
tar xjf Debian-Squeeze-x86-root_fs.bz2” instead the correct command is:
bunzip2 -k Debian-Squeeze-x86-root_fs.bz2
It will extract the file called Debian-Squeeze-x86-root_fs which is the one QEMU should use to emulate the hard disk.
Another useful thing: to display kernel messages in the command window instead of the graphical window, run QEMU with:
qemu -no-kvm -s -S -kernel /mnt/build/linux-2.6/arch/x86/boot/bzImage -hda Debian-Squeeze-x86-root_fs -append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyS0" -serial stdio
So it’s easier to copy/paste the errors.
Happy holidays to you, too!
joel
2011/12/24
Hi Balau,
Thanks a lot for trying it out for me, anyway I got it working with a different filesystem.
My main objective is this: Debug the linux kernel(with source code stepping) in eclipse or using the ddd debugger or through any means possible.
I followed a very old comment of yours
___________________________________________________________________________
Also please give a step by step instruction on how to build the linux kernel to use the ddd debugger after building the kernel
_________________________________________________________________________
error message:
error
GDB could not be started
ddd requires some inferior debugger to run
_________________________________________________________________________
Before I forget … Merry Christmas to you
Balau
2011/12/24
Try to make GDB work without DDD first.
Run QEMU with the usual command “
qemu -s -S ...”
In another terminal, go in the build directory with something like “
cd /mnt/build/linux-2.6/”
If you are debugging x86 kernel, run “
gdb vmlinux“; if you are debugging ARM kernel, prefix gdb with your toolchain, for example “
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gdb vmlinux
Then, inside GDB:
target remote localhost:1234
break start_kernel
continue
The result should be:
Reading symbols from /home/francesco/Inbox/linux-2.6.32.2/vmlinux...done.
(gdb) target remote localhost:1234
Remote debugging using localhost:1234
0x0000fff0 in ?? ()
(gdb) b start_kernel
Breakpoint 1 at 0xc16df42d: file init/main.c, line 518.
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Breakpoint 1, start_kernel () at init/main.c:518
518 {
(gdb) quit
A debugging session is active.
Inferior 1 [Remote target] will be killed.
Quit anyway? (y or n) y
When this works, you can use DDD as a graphical front-end to gdb.
Run QEMU with the usual command “
qemu -s -S ...”
In another terminal, go in the build directory with something like “
cd /mnt/build/linux-2.6/”
If you are debugging x86 kernel, run “
ddd vmlinux“; if you are debugging ARM kernel with arm-none-linux-gnueabi toolchain, run “
ddd --debugger arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gdb -- vmlinux
joel
2011/12/26
Hi Balau,
This time there were no errors, but at the same time I was not able to perform any debugging. It said (no debug symbols found) This is the log I encountered
_________________________________________________
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gdb vmlinux
GNU gdb (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) 7.0.50.201002:
…
Reading symbols from /home/ctsuser/DS-5-Workspace/linux-2.6.32.2_k/vmlinux…(no debugging symbols found)…done.
(gdb) target remote localhost:1234
Remote debugging using localhost:1234
0×00000000 in ?? ()
(gdb) b start_kernel
Breakpoint 1 at 0xc0008824
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Breakpoint 1, 0xc0008824 in start_kernel ()
(gdb) quit
A debugging session is active.
Inferior 1 [Remote target] will be killed.
Quit anyway? (y or n) y
______________________________________________________________________
Note that I am not able to find the source code lines like ***file init/main.c, line 518.***** as suggested in yours
************************************************
gdb) b start_kernel
Breakpoint 1 at 0xc16df42d: file init/main.c, line 518.
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Breakpoint 1, start_kernel () at init/main.c:518
518 {
*****************************************
I think I didnt enable compile with debug info, I will try and enable that and build again,
But please suggest if there might be some other problem
Thanks
joel
2011/12/26
Hi Balau,
In your old post you said
“Recompile the kernel with debugging symbols (the configuration should be in “kernel hacking” section inside the kernel menuconfig)”
Can you please say exactly which option I should enable
I gave make ARCH=arm menuconfig
Under Kernel hacking I enabled, “compile kernel with debug info” but was unable to find “compile kernel with frame pointers”
Is the above option enough to use gdb to debug or should I enable frame pointers as well??
I gave the above option and am waiting for the build to complete
I got this message while I was using gdb “no debugging symbols found” – as mentioned in my previous comment
and the ddd debugger didnt have any source files to step through
Please help
Thanks
joel
2011/12/26
Hi Balau,
IT WORKED!!!!
My errors were this
1) Had not compiled with debug symbols enabled
2) Did not set the path for the none-linux-gnueabi
THANK YOU LOADS,
Can you please suggest to me sites for learning the ddd interface, I need to explain all the things I can do with this, ddd debugger on the linux kernel
Thanks
Balau
2011/12/28
There’s a nice and easy video tutorial here:
Here is a more in-depth tutorial:
Here is the reference manual for everything else:
Nobel
2011/12/29
Hi Balau.. can u please tell how to build kernel-qemu for android emulator, which runs on linux os.
Balau
2011/12/29
The official android emulator is actually derived from QEMU (see here the source).
If you are using the official way to develop and emulate (which is this SDK), then you are already using QEMU and the Android ARM kernel, under the hood. I don’t know if the kernel is compiled, but here is the page with instructions on how to download the source code.
I don’t think the official QEMU can emulate Android, so you must use the emulator from Android repositories.
I never tried to run Android on QEMU myself, so I can’t help you more than this.
nobel
2012/01/02
Thanks balau .. and i wish u very happy new year
fisat
2012/01/05
hi balu,
actually my project is based on qemu. bt nw we are in trouble. we want to add a c program into qemu and run the program using qemu. we can add and run simple c program by the following steps..
Run QEMU’s user space emulator.
cd i386-linux-user
echo ‘int main() { printf(“hello qemu\n”); }’ > hello.c
cc -m32 hello.c -o hello
./qemu-i386 hello
but we are not able to run our program in qemu. we are using multithread( pthread )
when we run the program the error comes like this
qemu:unsupported syscall 240
plz help…..
fisat
2012/01/05
hi balau,
which is qemu’s main code where we can edit to add new lines of code? please reply fast
Balau
2012/01/05
I could reproduce your problem with a simple multi-threaded program (using qemu-i386 version 0.15.1 (Debian 0.15.1+dfsg-3)).
I never used QEMU userspace emulator for i386, but googling I quickly found this:
So the problem seems to be the missing support of NPTL, which is also noted in this bug:
There’s an old patch around that seems to try to add NPTL support, but I don’t know if it works:
I tried to disable NPTL using the LD_ASSUME_KERNEL variable like some sites suggest () but it doesn’t work on my machine probably because it’s too new.
It seems a complex problem, I think the right place to ask is the QEMU mailing lists:
Mike
2012/01/07
Hi Balau,
Thx for such deep articles. I follow the article but when after compiling I run 1 qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage in arch/arm/boot dir I do not see anything other than :
VNC server running on `127.0.0.1:5900′
Please help.
Balau
2012/01/07
Maybe qemu is compiled without graphic support, or you may have a problem with the display on the terminal where you are launching it. Anyway if you try to connect with a vnc client to the provided address you should be able to see the window.
fisat
2012/01/09
hi balau,
which is the main program in qemu. we found many main.c programs inthe folder. but we don’t know which one is the main program. plz help…
Balau
2012/01/09
Should be
vl.c
fisat
2012/01/09
hi balue,
plz help…:-(
we have client-server program in c.
our task is, when we run qemu, client-server communication should begin. ie we need to emulate those two programs to qemu. we tried that hello world program for arm using qemu which is in your blog. we install codesourcery toolchain. and we set path also. but we are not able the program. error is arm-none-eabi-as: command not found
we think there is an error in path setting… is there any other method to emulate the code in qemu? actually we save our program in a project folder in the desktop. and we set the path as /home/athira/Desktop/project . is there any error …
Balau
2012/01/09
It is not needed to add to the path your project folder, but you must add to the path the folder containing the codesourcery toolchain (the programs starting with arm-none-eabi-)
fisat
2012/01/10
hi balau,
we try to compile the hello world program.
but when we perform the 3rd step error comes like this..
athira@athira-lap:~/usr/local/CodeSourcery/Sourcery_CodeBench_Lite_for_ARM_GNU_Linux/bin$ arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ld -T test.ld test.o startup.o -o test.elf
test.o:(.ARM.exidx+0×0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0′
test.o:(.ARM.exidx+0×8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1′
how to correct this error…?
Balau
2012/01/10
The unwind functions should be called when an exception occurs, for example a division by zero. If you don’t care about that for now, you can define empty functions such as:
void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0 (void) {}
I don’t think changing vl.c or any part of qemu is what you want to do, because if you do that, you are not running an ARM program.
fisat
2012/01/12
hi balau,
which is the cpu emulator program in qemu..? ie. which program perform the cpu emulation in qemu..? plz reply…
Balau
2012/01/12
I don’t think there is specific code that does just the CPU emulator. QEMU translates the machine code from one architecture to the other, so the translator is probably the most similar thing to what you want to search. But I don’t know exactly where the translator is.
I think you can find better answers in QEMU mailing list or in QEMU IRC channels.
fisat
2012/02/01
hi balau,
when we run an OS in qemu which program will send the machine instruction to the processor. our project head told us that it is related to kvm. plz tell the name of the program in qemu source code.
Balau
2012/02/01
In QEMU there are two “worlds”: the host and the guest. The host is the computer that runs QEMU. The guest is the computer that QEMU emulates.
I am assuming you are asking how the guest machine code is sent to the host processor.
Normally (without KVM) when QEMU executes guest code, it translates (for example in “target-i386/translate.c”) from guest machine code to intermediate code, which is then executed with “tcg_qemu_tb_exec” in “tci.c”. With KVM virtualization, this translation is greatly minimized, but I don’t know much about the details.
KVM is a kernel module running on the host that, if the host architecture and the guest architecture are the same (x86 host emulating an x86 guest), speeds up emulation by using hardware virtualization (like Intel VT-x).
See this paper for information and references about KVM and virtualization: Kernel-based Virtual Machine Technology
Amit
2012/02/09
Hi Balau,
What would be the command after append.
-append “?” would it be /dev/nfs or /dev/ram0
Balau
2012/02/09
Maybe the page is not showing correctly, the complete command is on one line:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage -initrd rootfs -append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test"
Amit
2012/02/09
Thanks for your quick response.
satishsjadhav
2012/02/18
Hi Balau,
I tried your this article on linux-2.6.33 & linux-3.2.6 versions.
For linux-2.6.33 version, i got “Hello World!” on the QEMU window along with boot messages.
But linux-3.2.6 version couldn’t showed me the same. Also, it reports that-
No filesystem_could mount root, tried : ext2 cramfs minix vfat romfs
What could be the reason for this message? Please help me..
Balau
2012/02/18
I just tried with linux-3.2.6 and it works without problems.
Are you sure you are doing exactly the same thing with the two versions? Are you using the same rootfs file and the same command line options for QEMU?
chandan
2012/02/19
getting error while I run
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel ./arch/arm/boot/zImage
output:
VNC server running on `127.0.0.1:5900′
taking long time and giving no response.
Balau
2012/02/19
I answered here.
Luis
2012/02/21
Hi Balau, thanks for all your work.
I have been trying for a while to get the correct combination of toolchain and kernel settings that would allow me to simulate a versatilepb board. I followed your tutorial almost to the letter (where I differed is: I used sb2, my version of the toolchain is arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q3-67) 4.4.1, and I attempted to build kernel 2.6.39.4 instead of 2.6.33). As described in you tutorial, I disabled load modules and enabled eabi support.
The kernel built fine, however when I run:
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage
All I get is a blank black window no additional output ( using 3 ) to look at the console, shows: “Uncompressing Linux… done, booting kernel.”
but in I should be seeing “Kernel panic – not suncing: VFS:….” in the main window ( 1), as I see when attempting the same qemu command with other (pre-compiled) kernels. I need to build by own kernel so using precompiled images is not feasible.
I googled the problem and see inconclusive results, have you seen this problem with later versions of qemu (i am using 10.5 from the repository) and newer kernels
(later than 2.6.33)?
Thanks,
Luis
Luis
2012/02/21
Balau, I figured out what the problem appears to be. The kernel works but intermittently. This appears to be related to the nature of the host running qemu-system-arm. When this is ran from a VM 1 in 10 times works however when run on a real machine, the kernel seems to come up every time. It appears to be related to the virtual settings of my VM.
At least now have a hint as to how to attack the problem. Thank You, and sorry for the noise.
Luis
Dave M
2012/02/29
Hi Balau, I’m trying to find the “enable EABI” option in the configuration menu, but the only binary formats I can find under “Userspace binary formats” are
[*] ELF Support
[ ] ELF Core Dumps
[ ] a.out and ECOFF support
[ ] MISC Binary support
[ ] RISC OS Personality
The only mention of EABI I see is in “Kernel Features” – the option is called “Use the ARM EABI to compile the kernel”. That’s not what you’re talking about, right?
Sorry, I’m new to this, so maybe I’m not seeing the obvious?
Thanks so much for your help,
Dave
Dave M
2012/02/29
Nevermind – I just tried the option in “Kernel Features” and noticed the “Old ABI” option popping up. So I guess this is what you were talking about.
Dave
Elias Gitau
2012/03/01
Hi,this is a very informative hands on tutorial, thank you very much.
However I’m using Linux mint and I install qemu-kvm from the repository(apt-get install), I can’t stop/kill/exit the qemu-arm-system process once I start it, ctl+a or ctl+c or even ctl+z not working or even responding, I’m forced to use top command to kill the process.
Any idea on how to solve this?
Thanks
Balau
2012/03/01
@Dave M: Yeah that was the option I was talking about. I agree that it’s confusing, but I think that other than the ELF format it is necessary to specify the ABI for the passing of parameters to system calls (user-space to kernel-space and back).
Balau
2012/03/01
@Elias Gitau: Inside the terminal the command should be Ctrl+a, then x. Are you sure you don’t have caps-lock on?
One way to work around it could be, instead of using the “-nographics” option, to use the “-serial stdio” option and close QEMU with the X on the black window that appears.
ebin
2012/03/17
Hi balau,
I tried to test the kernel image on qemu using the command
/# qemu-system-arm -M realview-eb-mpcore -m 128M -kernel /linux3.2/linux-3.2.11/arch/arm/boot/uImage
but i am getting a blank screen on qemu and nothing is happening. what could be the problem?
thanks,
Balau
2012/03/17
Some suggestions :
- How have you compiled the kernel?
- Usually the kernel image you need to use is called zImage, not uImage.
- Try adding the option “-serial stdio” to the execution
- It is not necessary to be root to compile the kernel or test it with QEMU.
ebin
2012/03/17
yes, i compiled the kernel..but when i tried with zImage and with serial stdio command, the qemu still showed blank screen, but in the terminal it showed -’uncompressing Linux… done, booting the kernel.’
Balau
2012/03/17
I’m sorry, I was actually asking what commands/configurations/kernel version/toolchain did you use to compile the kernel.
You could try to use arm-specific gdb and QEMU options “-s -S” to debug step by step what’s happening. Also, if you try “-append earlyprintk” it should give you some other information.
Kaiwan
2012/03/17
@ebin: I think I faced a similar issue…& in my case using the “-nographic” option helped.
ebin
2012/03/19
i used the following commands
make ARCH=arm versatile_defconfig, make ARCH=arm menuconfig, make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/arm-2008q3/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- all and i got the zImage.
the kernel version is-3.2.11, toolchain-gcc version 4.3.2 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2008q3-72)
@kaiwan- i tried using ‘-nographic’command but no change was there..
Balau
2012/03/19
The problem is that you are compiling for versatile platform but you are trying to emulate the kernel on a realview mpcore.
They have different architectures (ARM926 vs ARM11 multicore) and different memory maps, I don’t believe it is possible that a kernel compiled for the first works on the second.
I’m not familiar with compiling Linux for realview platforms but this link should help: Linux Support for the ARM Architecture
ebin
2012/03/19
i’m sorry.Actually at first, i compiled for realview mpcore board and tried to emulate on qemu, but it didn’t work. Later i compiled for versatilePB board using the previously mentioned commands and used the command – ‘ qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -serial stdio -kernel zImage’ for testing on qemu.
Balau
2012/03/19
For the Verstile, maybe the compilation has not been done from a clean state.
To start from a clean state you could:
- extract the kernel again on a new directory and redo the configuration and compilation, or
- run “make ARCH=arm distclean” on the directory where you already compiled the kernel, and then redo the steps for Versatile.
I don’t know why the realview compilation did not work.
Victor
2012/03/23
Hello,
I had the same problem with the linux kernel on qemu-system-arm with versatilepb: kernel hangs at “Uncompressing linux kernel … done.”. After doing some debugging I found out that it enters in an infinite loop at calibrate_delay(). Infinite loop is due to the fact that “jiffies” is not updated so timer irqs are not handled. The problem can be reproduced on linux-2.6.33.
da_tibmeister (@da_tibmeister)
2012/07/08
So I’ve been trying for several days to get this to work with the newest debian based image from RPI, and I am having nothing but issues. The reason I am trying to compile a new kernel is to add vFAT support, it seems I can’t find a single zImage for 3.1.9 that has this, and without it under QEMU the /boot partition is not able to be mounted.
So anyhew, I am using arm-2011.03-42-arm-none-eabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu toolchain (having tried the 2009q3 without any luck) and I get this damned error I can’t figure out during the make process, which is a fatal error.
arm-2011.03/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc: 1: Syntax error: “(” unexpected
Can someone who’s smarter than I help? I hope to make a fully operational RPI QEMU image that can be used to bench many different things then write to an SD card for use on the PI, and I am willing to put the zImage and initrd up on my site so that one only has to DL the release from RPI and these two files.
Balau
2012/07/08
It’s a strange error indeed. Could you explain the steps you are following to cross-compile the kernel?
Have you tried toolchains other than CodeSourcery? For example Linaro or EmDebian.
Colombian
2012/09/25
hello ebin.
you must recompile your kernel linux.
make ARCH=arm versatile_defconfig
make menuconfig ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
(enable the option eabi inside your kernel (kernel feature ->))
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- uImage all
SUCEESS
deepu james
2012/12/06
Hello,
I did all the steps u mentined ,But while running “qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel zImage ” I am getting the following error.
:qemu-0.13.0/tcg/tcg.c:1314: tcg fatal error”..how to solve it
Balau
2012/12/06
It’s a very strange bug. If you can, try to use a newer QEMU version or run it on a different (in terms of Linux distribution or CPU architecture) host machine.
If the latest QEMU version also has the same problem, report the bug to QEMU developers. Otherwise, you should probably report the bug to your Linux distribution bug tracker.
Willy
2012/12/07
try with this linux versions:, 2.6.39 or 2.6.22
SUCCESS
Deepu James
2012/12/16
Hello,
i installed a new version of qemu and did the same steps.”:qemu-0.13.0/tcg/tcg.c:1314: tcg fatal error “problem is solved.Thanks a lot for that.
But now I am getting the following error .How can i go out of this problem??
jae3cob@deepu:~/study$ qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 128M -kernel ../linux-2.6/arch/arm/boot/zImage -initrd rootfs -append “root=/dev/ram rdinit=/test”
pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence (offset 0000000000000000, wcycle 0×0 cmd 0×0 value 0xf000f0)
pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence (offset 0000000000000000, wcycle 0×0 cmd 0×0 value 0xf0)..
Balau
2012/12/17
Did you compile it yourself? If so, there are two
./configureissues:
First, add
--audio-drv-list="alsa oss"as explained in this message. This should solve the “oss” problems”.
Then, you must have SDL development libraries installed and add
--enable-sdlto
./configurecommand. The output of the configuration should have this line somewhere:
SDL support yes
Deepu James
2012/12/17
thanks a lot for your support ..:)….finally qemu worked….
flashman
2013/01/30
Hi Balau,
thanks for the post and sorry if I resume an old post
The tutorial was perfect and I started to navigate and to try linaro img from the linaro ws. Also ubuntu and android.
In linaro webpage there is a short overview to run qemu using :
qemu-system-arm -kernel vmlinuz-2.6.37-1003-linaro-vexpress -M vexpress-a9 -cpu cortex-a9 -serial stdio -m 1024 -initrd initrd.img-2.6.37-1003-linaro-vexpress -append ‘root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw mem=1024M raid=noautodetect console=ttyAMA0,38400n8 rootwait vmalloc=256MB devtmpfs.mount=0′ -sd vexpress.img
As you see the -sd option is used as secure digitale img. Is possible to “unpack” the original image of linaro “vexpress.img” and add some new file, for example apk file ?
On linaro there the procedure to build from scratch but requires too much space.
Thanks a lot!
Balau
2013/01/30
Answered here:
deepu james
2013/04/22
hello ,
How can we transfer files between arm qemu system and my ubuntu host system ?.Can I use tftp for this?..
Balau
2013/04/22
As you guessed, the easiest way to exchange files is to use the virtual network created by QEMU.
See this as reference: QEMU Networking
For example you could open an ftp server on the host(10.0.2.2) and reach it from the guest(10.0.2.15) with an ftp client.
You could also mount remote folders with something like NFS.
pmchaudhary
2013/05/17
Great So great tutorial ..! ! | http://balau82.wordpress.com/2010/03/22/compiling-linux-kernel-for-qemu-arm-emulator/ | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | refinedweb | 21,538 | 61.36 |
Apr 26, 2017 at 04:11 PM
Well, I guess this is the best I'll get. For everyone out there asking this question time and time again, and getting the same old tired responses, I logically thought there has to be more to it, but I guess not.
Anyway, thanks to the two who took the time to reply.
[update 2017/04/26]
I made a discovery today that answered my question and will give everyone seeking this solution a REAL answer for importing textures to Unity from FBX made in Blender. No you don't have to save out separate image files.
Here's how to do it:
After making your model and assigning materials/textures, make sure it looks good in texture mode, then:
Go to export -> FBX.
Make sure FBX 7.4 Binary is selected
Look towards the bottom of the "Export FBX" options, and locate "Path Mode". Set path mode to "Copy", and then click the little icon to its right, so that its background is darker (a little page icon will appear on it). This copies the texture data and embeds it into the FBX file.
Save the exported file.
Now, when you import this into unity, the model.fbm folder will be generated, and the textures will be intact on the model. I just tested this with a new model in a new project and it worked like a charm! No separate image files needed!
And the textures get imported to Unity as well? Can you verify on an empty project?
I did that before I wrote the reply :) (for clarification, a new empty project is what I meant by "new project" above)
There is an option in Blender to pack textures anyway. You find that option in UV window menus. Have you tried this? In Conjunction with selecting the correct data storage mode (object/block etc), you may not need the copy option. 'Path Mode' seems to be a previous missing link in making this work. Others also mention that Baking in Cycles also works. +1'd for excellent work.
Life saver!
Thank you so much
Also it should be mentioned, that this only works on Blender Render engine, not on Cycles Render as of now (2018/09/09)
That's no ordinary sandwich...
Answer by AnOrdinarySandwich
·
Apr 21, 2017 at 11:12 AM
Apr 21, 2017 at 10:25 AM all this!
Answer by dansopanso
·
Jan 03 at 04:40 PM
Is this still working in with Unity 2018? For some reason there is no materials folder generated when I import the fbx. I followed the steps accordingly to the post :/
Check what Rendering engine you are using
Hi! To be honest, I don't know! :( I haven't had any time - since Unity 2018 came out - to do much work with fbx imports. I'll try to make time to see about this, but if someone active in 2018 could test it and post their results, that'd be awesome!
@Extrumus Does the Rendering Engine make a difference when doing the fbx export? Didn't know that... I think I'm in cycles but do you suggest to use blender render instead?
Cycles looks better and more realistic, but takes longer to export it into unity (uses image baking), blender render looks rough, but is easy to export. Pick your poison
I don't have any problems importing textures and materials from blender-exported fbx files in 2018. I do a lot of import/edit/export on models I purchase too. Oh and I wanted to give a little something-something here for anyone who works with importation of fbx files into blender and doesn't have a way to multi-import. I've taken a script I found online and got it to work using a set path where the fbx files are stored. The script:
import os
import bpy
import sys
import logging
vImportPath='C:/Full/Path/To/Location/Of/FBX/Files'
bIsPath=os.path.isdir(vImportPath)
if not bIsPath:
logging.warning('invalid path')
logging.warning(vImportPath)
exit()
vFileList = sorted(os.listdir(vImportPath))
for vItem in vFileList:
if not (vItem.endswith('.FBX') or vItem.endswith('.fbx') ):
continue
fullFilename = os.path.join(vImportPath, vItem)
logging.warning('importing'+vItem)
bpy.ops.import_scene.fbx(filepath = fullFilename)
How to use it:
In blender, open a text editor area/window. Then, paste this code in. Then, set the variable 'vImportPath' to the location where your fbx files are located. Then click the 'run script' button at the bottom. It may take a while if there are a bunch!
Answer by ambareeshsrja16
·
Jul 17 at 05:52 PM
@dansopanso Did you figure it out with the latest Unity? I'm not able to do it either!
I am not able to read the comment replies here, is there a setting I need to.
Material not shown on imported FBX sphere
0
Answers
texture not applied, despite many attempts
2
Answers
Importing Blender FBX into Unity (pictures)
1
Answer
Texturing blender models in Unity
2
Answers
Realistic Snow Blender
1
Answer | https://answers.unity.com/questions/1343037/blender-278-unity-55-the-correct-way-to-retain-mat.html | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | refinedweb | 846 | 74.49 |
You want to use RSA to encrypt data, and you need to generate a public key and its corresponding private key.
Use a cryptography library's built-in functionality to generate an RSA key pair. Here we'll describe the OpenSSL API. If you insist on implementing RSA yourself (generally a bad idea), see the following discussion.
The OpenSSL library provides a function, RSA_generate_key( ), that generates a {public key, private key} pair, which is stored in an RSA object. The signature for this function is:
RSA *RSA_generate_key(int bits, unsigned long exp, void (*cb)(int, int, void), void *cb_arg);
This function has the following arguments:
Size of the key to be generated, in bits. This must be a multiple of 16, and at a bare minimum it should be at least 1,024. 2,048 is a common value, and 4,096 is used occasionally. The more bits in the number, the more secure and the slower operations will be. We recommend 2,048 bits for general-purpose use.
Fixed exponent to be used with the key pair. This value is typically 3, 17, or 65,537, and it can vary depending on the exact context in which you're using RSA. For example, public key certificates encode the public exponent within them, and it is almost universally one of these three values. These numbers are common because it's fast to multiply other numbers with these numbers, particularly in hardware. This number is stored in the RSA object, and it is used for both encryption and decryption operations.
Callback function; when called, it allows for monitoring the progress of generating a prime. It is passed directly to the function's internal call to BN_generate_prime( ), as discussed in Recipe 7.4.
Application-specific argument that is passed directly to the callback function, if one is specified.
If you need to generate an "n-bit" key manually, you can do so as follows:
Choose two random primes p and q, both of length n/2, using the techniques discussed in Recipe 7.5. Ideally, both primes will have their two most significant bits set to ensure that the public key (derived from these primes) is exactly n bits long.
Compute n, the product of p and q. This is the public key.
Compute d, the inverse of the chosen exponent, modulo (p - 1) x (q - 1). This is generally done using the extended Euclidean algorithm, which is outside the scope of this book. See the Handbook of Applied Cryptography by Alfred J. Menezes, Paul C. Van Oorschot, and Scott A. Vanstone for a good discussion of the extended Euclidean algorithm.
Optionally, precompute some values that will significantly speed up private key operations (decryption and signing): d mod (p - 1), d mod (q - 1), and the inverse of q mod p (again using the extended Euclidean algorithm).
Here's an example, using the OpenSSL BIGNUM library, of computing all the values you need for a key, given two primes p and q:
#include <openssl/bn.h> typedef struct { BIGNUM *n; unsigned long e; /* This number should generally be small. */ } RSA_PUBKEY; typedef struct { BIGNUM *n; BIGNUM *d; /* The actual private key. */ /* These aren't necessary, but speed things up if used. If you do use them, you don't need to keep n or d around. */ BIGNUM *p; BIGNUM *q; BIGNUM *dP, *dQ, *qInv; } RSA_PRIVATE; void spc_keypair_from_primes(BIGNUM *p, BIGNUM *q, unsigned long e, RSA_PUBKEY *pubkey, RSA_PRIVATE *privkey) { BN_CTX *x = BN_CTX_new( ); BIGNUM p_minus_1, q_minus_1, one, tmp, bn_e; pubkey->n = privkey->n = BN_new( ); privkey->d = BN_new( ); pubkey->e = e; privkey->p = p; privkey->q = q; BN_mul(pubkey->n, p, q, x); BN_init(&p_minus_1); BN_init(&q_minus_1); BN_init(&one); BN_init(&tmp); BN_init(&bn_e); BN_set_word(&bn_e, e); BN_one(&one); BN_sub(&p_minus_1, p, &one); BN_sub(&q_minus_1, q, &one); BN_mul(&tmp, &p_minus_1, &q_minus_1, x); BN_mod_inverse(privkey->d, &bn_e, &tmp, x); /* Compute extra values. */ privkey->dP = BN_new( ); privkey->dQ = BN_new( ); privkey->qInv = BN_new( ); BN_mod(privkey->dP, privkey->d, &p_minus_1, x); BN_mod(privkey->dQ, privkey->d, &q_minus_1, x); BN_mod_inverse(privkey->qInv, q, p, x); }
Recipe 7.1, Recipe 7.2, Recipe 7.5 | http://etutorials.org/Programming/secure+programming/Chapter+7.+Public+Key+Cryptography/7.6+Generating+an+RSA+Key+Pair/ | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | refinedweb | 682 | 63.29 |
(For more resources on this subject, see here.)
We'll not dive into too much detail with any single approach. Rather, the goal of this article is to teach you the basics such that you can get started and further explore details on your own. Also, remember that our goal isn't to be pretty; it's to present a useable subset of functionality. In other words, our PDF layouts are ugly!
Unfortunately, the third-party packages used in this article are not yet compatible with Python 3. Therefore, the examples listed here will only work with Python 2.6 and 2.7.
Dealing with PDF files using PLATYPUS
The ReportLab framework provides an easy mechanism for dealing with PDF files. It provides a low-level interface, known as pdfgen, as well as a higher-level interface, known as PLATYPUS. PLATYPUS is an acronym, which stands for Page Layout and Typography Using Scripts. While the pdfgen framework is incredibly powerful, we'll focus on the PLATYPUS system here as it's slightly easier to deal with. We'll still use some of the lower-level primitives as we create and modify our PLATYPUS rendered styles.
The ReportLab Toolkit is not entirely Open Source. While the pieces we use here are indeed free to use, other portions of the library fall under a commercial license. We'll not be looking at any of those components here. For more information, see the ReportLab website, available at
Time for action – installing ReportLab
Like all of the other third-party packages we've installed thus far, the ReportLab Toolkit can be installed using SetupTools' easy_install command. Go ahead and do that now from your virtual environment. We've truncated the output that we are about to see in order to conserve on space. Only the last lines are shown.
(text_processing)$ easy_install reportlab
What just happened?
The ReportLab package was downloaded and installed locally. Note that some platforms may require a C compiler in order to complete the installation process. To verify that the packages have been installed correctly, let's simply display the version tag.
(text_processing)$ python
Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits", or "license" for more information.
>>> import reportlab
>>> reportlab.Version
'2.4'
>>>
Generating PDF documents
In order to build a PDF document using PLATYPUS, we'll arrange elements onto a document template via a flow. The flow is simply a list element that contains our individual document components. When we finally ask the toolkit to generate our output file, it will merge all of our individual components together and produce a PDF.
Time for action – writing PDF with basic layout and style
In this example, we'll generate a PDF that contains a set of basic layout and style mechanisms. First, we'll create a cover page for our document. In a lot of situations, we want our first page to differ from the remainder of our output. We'll then use a different format for the remainder of our document.
- Create a new Python file and name it pdf_build.py. Copy the following code as it appears as follows:
import sys
from report lab.PLATYPUS import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph
from reportlab.PLATYPUS import Spacer, PageBreak
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet
from reportlab.rl_config import defaultPageSize
from reportlab.lib.units import inch
from reportlab.lib import colors
class PDFBuilder(object):
HEIGHT = defaultPageSize[1]
WIDTH = defaultPageSize[0]
def _intro_style(self):
"""Introduction Specific Style"""
style = getSampleStyleSheet()['Normal']
style.fontName = 'Helvetica-Oblique'
style.leftIndent = 64
style.rightIndent = 64
style.borderWidth = 1
style.borderColor = colors.black
style.borderPadding = 10
return style
def __init__(self, filename, title, intro):
self._filename = filename
self._title = title
self._intro = intro
self._style = getSampleStyleSheet()['Normal']
self._style.fontName = 'Helvetica'
def title_page(self, canvas, doc):
"""
Write our title page.
Generates the top page of the deck,
using some special styling.
"""
canvas.saveState()
canvas.setFont('Helvetica-Bold', 18)
canvas.drawCentredString(
self.WIDTH/2.0, self.HEIGHT-180, self._title)
canvas.setFont('Helvetica', 12)
canvas.restoreState()
def std_page(self, canvas, doc):
"""
Write our standard pages.
"""
canvas.saveState()
canvas.setFont('Helvetica', 9)
canvas.drawString(inch, 0.75*inch, "%d" % doc.page)
canvas.restoreState()
def create(self, content):
"""
Creates a PDF.
Saves the PDF named in self._filename.
The content parameter is an iterable; each
line is treated as a standard paragraph.
"""
document = SimpleDocTemplate(self._filename)
flow = [Spacer(1, 2*inch)]
# Set our font and print the intro
# paragraph on the first page.
flow.append(
Paragraph(self._intro, self._intro_style()))
flow.append(PageBreak())
# Additional content
for para in content:
flow.append(
Paragraph(para, self._style))
# Space between paragraphs.
flow.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*inch))
document.build(
flow, onFirstPage=self.title_page,
onLaterPages=self.std_page)
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) != 5:
print "Usage: %s <output> <title> <intro file> <content
file>" % \
sys.argv[0]
sys.exit(-1)
# Do Stuff
builder = PDFBuilder(
sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], open(sys.argv[3]).read())
# Generate the rest of the content from a text file
# containing our paragraphs.
builder.create(open(sys.argv[4]))
- Next, we'll create a text file that will contain the introductory paragraph. We've placed it in a separate file so it's easier to manipulate. Enter the following into a text file named intro.txt.
This is an example document that we've created from scratch; it has no story to tell. It's purpose? To serve as an example.
- Now, we need to create our PDF content. Let's add one more text file and name paragraphs.txt. Feel free to create your own content here. Each new line will start a new paragraph in the resulting PDF. Our test data is as follows:
This is the first paragraph in our document and it really serves no meaning other than example text.
This is the second paragraph in our document and it really serves no meaning other than example text.
This is the third paragraph in our document and it really serves no meaning other than example text.
This is the fourth paragraph in our document and it really serves no meaning other than example text.
This is the final paragraph in our document and it really serves no meaning other than example text.
- Now, let's run the PDF generation script
(text_processing)$ python pdf_build.py output.pdf "Example
Document" intro.txt paragraphs.txt
- If you view the generated document in a reader, the generated pages should resemble the following screenshots:
The preceding screenshot displays the clean Title page, which we derive from the commandline arguments and the contents of the introduction file. The next screenshot contains document copy, which we also read from a file.
What just happened?
We used the ReportLab Toolkit to generate a basic PDF. In the process, you created two different layouts: one for the initial page and one for subsequent pages. The first page serves as our title page. We printed the document title and a summary paragraph. The second (and third, and so on) pages simply contain text data.
At the top of our code, as always, we import the modules and classes that we'll need to run our script. We import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, and Pagebreak from the PLATYPUS module. These are items that will be added to our document flow.
Next, we bring in getSampleStyleSheet. We use this method to generate a sample, or template, stylesheet that we can then change as we need. Stylesheets are used to provide appearance instructions to Paragraph objects here, much like they would be used in an HTML document.
The last two lines import the inch size as well as some page size defaults. We'll use these to better lay out our content on the page. Note that everything here outside of the first line is part of the more general-purpose portion of the toolkit.
The bulk of our work is handled in the PDFBuilder class we've defined. Here, we manage our styles and hide the PDF generation logic. The first thing we do here is assign the default document height and width to class variables named HEIGHT and WIDTH, respectively. This is done to make our code easier to work with and to make for easier inheritance down the road.
The _intro_style method is responsible for generating the paragraph style information that we use for the introductory paragraph that appears in the box. First, we create a new stylesheet by calling getSampleStyleSheet. Next, we simply change the attributes that we wish to modify from default.
The values in the preceding table define the style used for the introductory paragraph, which is different from the standard style. Note that this is not an exhaustive list; this simply details the variables that we've changed.
Next we have our __init__ method. In addition to setting variables corresponding to the arguments passed, we also create a new stylesheet. This time, we simply change the font used to Helvetica (default is Times New Roman). This will be the style we use for default text.
The next two methods, title_page and std_page, define layout functions that are called when the PDF engine generates both the first and subsequent pages. Let's walk through the title_page method in order to understand what exactly is happening.
First, we save the current state of the canvas. This is a lower-level concept that is used throughout the ReportLab Toolkit. We then change the active font to a bold sans serif at 18 point. Next, we draw a string at a specific location in the center of the document. Lastly, we restore our state as it was before the method was executed.
If you take a quick look at std_page, you'll see that we're actually deciding how to write the page number. The library isn't taking care of that for us. However, it does help us out by giving us the current page number in the doc object.
Neither the std_page nor the title_page methods actually lay the text out. They're called when the pages are rendered to perform annotations. This means that they can do things such as write page numbers, draw logos, or insert callout information. The actual text formatting is done via the document flow.
The last method we define is create, which is responsible for driving title page creation and feeding the rest of our data into the toolkit. Here, we create a basic document template via SimpleDocTemplate. We'll flow all of our components onto this template as we define them.
Next, we create a list named flow that contains a Spacer instance. The Spacer ensures we do not begin writing at the top of the PDF document.
We then build a Paragraph containing our introductory text, using the style built in the self._intro_style method. We append the Paragraph object to our flow and then force a page break by also appending a PageBreak object.
Next, we iterate through all of the lines passed into the method as content. Each generates a new Paragraph object with our default style.
Finally, we call the build method of the document template object. We pass it our flow and two different methods to be called - one when building the first page and one when building subsequent pages.
Our __main__ section simply sets up calls to our PDFBuilder class and reads in our text files for processing.
The ReportLab Toolkit is very heavily documented and is quite easy to work with. For more information, see the documents available at. There is also a code snippets library that contains some common PDF recipes.
Have a go hero – drawing a logo
The toolkit provides easy mechanisms for including graphics directly into a PDF document. JPEG images can be included without any additional library support. Using the documentation referenced earlier, alter our title_page method such that you include a logo image below the introductory paragraph.
Writing native Excel data
Here, we'll look at an advanced technique that actually allows us to write actual Excel data (without requiring Microsoft Windows). To do this, we'll be using the xlwt package.
Time for action – installing xlwt
Again, like the other third-party modules we've installed thus far, xlwt can be downloaded and installed via the easy_install system. Activate your virtual environment and install it now. Your output should resemble the following:
(text_processing)$ easy_install xlwt
What just happened?
We installed the xlwt packages from the Python Package Index. To ensure your install worked correctly, start up Python and display the current version of the xlwt libraries.
Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits", or "license" for more information.
>>> import xlwt
>>> xlwt.__VERSION__
'0.7.2'
>>>
At the time of this writing, the xlwt module supports the generation of Excel xls format files, which are compatible with Excel 95 – 2003 (and later). MS Office 2007 and later utilizes Open Office XML (OOXML).
(For more resources on this subject, see here.)
Building XLS documents
In this example, we'll build on our CSV examples(out of the scope of this article). If you'll recall, the first example from that chapter read in a CSV file containing revenue and cost numbers. The script output was simply the profit for each set of inputs. Here, we'll update our approach and generate a spreadsheet using formulas directly.
Time for action – generating XLS data
In this example, we'll reuse the Worksheet1.csv file. Copy the file over to your current directory now.
- Create a new Python file and name it xls_build.py. Enter the following code as follows:
import csv
import sys
import xlwt
from xlwt.Utils import rowcol_to_cell
from optparse import OptionParser
def render_header(ws, fields, first_row=0):
"""
Generate an Excel Header.
Builds a header line using different
fonts from the default.
"""
header_style = xlwt.easyxf(
'font: name Helvetica, bold on')
col = 0
for hdr in fields:
ws.write(first_row, col, hdr, header_style)
col += 1
return first_row + 2
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option('-f', '--file', help='CSV Data File')
parser.add_option('-o', '--output', help='Output XLS File')
opts, args = parser.parse_args()
if not opts.file or not opts.output:
parser.error('Input source and output XLS required')
# Create a dict reader from an open file
# handle and iterate through rows.
reader = csv.DictReader(open(opts.file, 'rU'))
headers = [field for field in reader.fieldnames if field]
headers.append('Profit')
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = workbook.add_sheet('Cost Analysis')
# Returns the row that we'll start at
# going forward.
row = render_header(sheet, headers)
for day in reader:
sheet.write(row, 0, day['Date'])
sheet.write(row, 1, day['Revenue'])
sheet.write(row, 2, day['Cost'])
sheet.write(row, 3,
xlwt.Formula('%s-%s' % (rowcol_to_cell(row, 1),
rowcol_to_cell(row, 2))))
row += 1
# Save workbook
workbook.save(opts.output)
- Now, run the command with the following options. It should generate a profit.xls in your current working directory.
(text_processing)$ python ./xls_build.py -f Workbook1.csv -o
profit.xls
- Opening the newly created profit.xls file. It should resemble the following screenshot. Yes, there is a problem with the rendered data. We'll clean that up in just a little bit.
- Now, select a revenue value or a cost value and update. Take note of the profit column and see how it changes as we update our values.
What just happened?
We just updated our example so that it outputs Excel data rather than printing plain text to standard output! Additionally, we incorporated the generation of Excel formulas such that our resulting spreadsheet supports dynamic profit calculation. We were able to do all of this with just a few trivial changes to our existing script.
Lets take a look at exactly how we did it.
First of all, we imported the required modules. In this case, we brought in the xlwt package as well as xlwt.Utils.rowcol_to_cell. The former provides the majority of the functionality while the latter allows us to translate numeric row and column coordinates into Excel-friendly number + letter locations.
Now, let's skip down to the __main__ section and follow our application's execution path. We added an additional option, -o or –output, which contains the destination filename for our new Excel file. We've then updated our parameter checking to ensure both are passed on the command line.
The next relevant changes occur with the following line of code.
headers = [field for field in reader.fieldnames if field]
Here, we pull all of our headers from the CSV data and strip out anything that doesn't evaluate to True. Why did we do this? Simple. If any empty cells made their way into our CSV data, we wouldn't want to include them as empty column headings in our output document.
Note that we also append the string Profit to our header list. We'll be the corresponding values in just a bit.
Next, we build our workbook. The xlwt package makes this quite easy. It only takes two lines to create a workbook and assign the first worksheet:
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = workbook.add_sheet('Cost Analysis')
Here, we're creating a new workbook and then adding a sheet named Cost Analysis to it. If you look at the screenshot earlier in this article, you'll see that this is the name given to the tab at the bottom of the spreadsheet.
Now, we call a function we've defined named render_header and pass our sheet object to it with the list of headers we want to create. Looking at render_header, you'll notice that we first create a specific header style using xlwt.easyxf. This factory function takes a string definition of the style to be associated with a cell and returns an appropriate styling object.
Next, we simply iterate through all of our header columns and add them to the document using ws.write. Here, ws is the worksheet object we passed in to render_header.
One thing to note here is that the write method doesn't accept standard Excel cell names. Here, we need to pass in integer coordinates. Additionally, the data type of the inserted cell corresponds to the Python data type written. In this case, each value of hdr is a string. The result? These are all string columns in the final document.
We return the position of the first row with two added. This gives us a good logical place to start inserting our real data. We allowed the caller to pass in a starting height in order to provide just a bit more flexibly and reuse.
After our header has been rendered, we iterate through each row in our parsed CSV data and write the values to the sheet in order verbatim. There's no data translation happening at all.
Note the xlwt.Formula call. This is where we insert an Excel formula directly into our generated content. As the formula will be embedded, we need to translate from our numeric row and column syntax to the Excel syntax. This is done via our call to rowcol_to_cell. The following snippet shows how this is done:
Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits", or "license" for more information.
>>> from xlwt.Utils import rowcol_to_cell
>>> rowcol_to_cell(1,6)
'G2'
>>> rowcol_to_cell(0,6)
'G1'
>>>
Finally, we save our new spreadsheet until the name passed on the command line with the embedded formula.
For more information, see the xlwt documentation, available at. This documentation isn't entirely complete, thus it's probably a good exercise to spend some time reading the source code if you intend to use xlwt in a production scenario. Also, note that xlwt has a read-focused counterpart, xlrd.
Working with OpenDocument files
OpenDocument files are generally just ZIP bundles that contain a collection of XML files, which define the document. At the lowest level, it's possible to parse and edit the XML data directly; however, that requires an intricate knowledge of the relevant schemas and XML elements. A couple of packages exist that abstract out the implementation details. Here, we'll look at the odfpy package.
If you need to define and generate a large number of ODF files, I also suggest that you look at the apply.pod framework, which is available at. It provides an OpenDocument-based templating system that allows you to embed Python code. It's a little advanced for our purposes, though.
OpenDocument files are understood by the OpenOffice package, as well as Microsoft Office 2007 and later. However, it's important to understand that OpenDocument is different than Microsoft's OXML format (docx, xlsx).
Time for action – installing ODFPy
Again, we'll simply be using easy_install to add this third-party package to our virtual environment. Go ahead and do this now.
(text_processing)$ easy_install odfpy
What just happened?
Like we did with xslt and ReportlLab, we installed a third-party module. Take a minute to ensure the ODF libraries are installed correctly. We'll just start up Python and make sure we can import the top-level package.
Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits", or "license" for more information.
>>> import odf
>>> dir(odf)
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__
package__', '__path__']
>>>
(For more resources on this subject, see here.)
Building an ODT generator
The odfpy package that we're using is a fairly low-level package. It's possible to access the XML data directly if we so choose, though we won't be doing much of that here.
Here, we'll look at how you programmatically build and style an OpenDocument Text file, or an ODT, for short.
Time for action – generating ODT data
In this example, we'll build a self-documenting Python module. In fact, we'll use Python's powerful introspection functionality and the odfpy package to generate a formatted OpenDocument file that serves as API documentation!
If you haven't done so yet, take a couple of minutes and ensure you have OpenOffice installed. It is freely available at. OpenOffice also handles common Microsoft Office formats.
- First, create a new file and name it odf_build.py.
- Next, either copy over or enter the code as it appears in the ZIP bundle available for download on the Packt Publishing FTP site. We've left it out here in order to save on space.
- Run the code listing at the command line as follows. A new file named __main__.odt should appear in the current working directory.
(text_processing)$ python odt_build.py
- Open the new document file in OpenOffice Writer. The contents should resemble the following screenshot:
What just happened?
We used the inspect module to generate a snapshot of the running file. We then used that information to generate an OpenDocument text file documenting the example. Let's step through and look at the relevant parts.
The first thing we did was import the required objects. All style information comes from the odf.style module. Here, we imported Style, TextProperties, and ParagraphProperties. A little bit more on these in a minute. Next, we imported OpenDocumentText from odf.opendocument. We're dealing with an OpenDocument text file, so this is all we'll need.
Lastly, we bring in P and Span. These are much like their HTML counterparts. The P function defines a paragraph class that acts as a single block of content, whereas the Span function defines an inline text snippet that can become part of a larger paragraph.
Next, we define three styles. Each style is then referenced later when we generate our document content. As stated earlier, the odfpy module is generally a wrapper around ElementTree objects, so this approach should feel somewhat familiar to you.
Let's take a closer look at one of the style definitions.
DOC_STYLE = Style(name='DOC_STYLE', family='paragraph')
DOC_STYLE.addElement(
TextProperties(
color='#000000', fontsize='12pt', fontfamily='Helvetica'))
DOC_STYLE.addElement(
ParagraphProperties(
marginbottom='16pt', marginleft='14pt'))
Here, we create a Style element and name it DOC_STYLE. It has a family of paragraph. When we want to apply the style later, we'll need to refer to it by this name. The family attribute categorizes which type of element it will apply to. If you attempt to apply a style in a text family to an object created with P, it simply won't apply.
Next, we call addElement twice, each time passing in a new instance of a properties class. The TextProperties call sets the display information for the text rendered within an element implementing this style. The ParagraphProperties call sets properties that are unique to Paragraph generated elements.
The following table outlines the style options we used for paragraphs and text elements. This isn't an exhaustive list. For more information, see the odfpy documentation that is available at.
Just in case you're slightly confused, each of the imported odfpy objects is a function. P, Style, ParagaphProperties. All functions. Calling them simply returns an instance of odf.element.Element, which is a lower-level XML construct.
Now, let's take a very brief tour of our module_members function. There's a little bit of magic going on here. In short, we introspect a Python module and yield information regarding each top-level function and class that it defines. The information yielded is contained in a namedtuple we defined previously. Python has some very powerful introspection abilities. For more information, point your browser at.
Our ModuleDocumentor class does all of the ODT file generation. In the __init__ method, we set the output filename, create an empty document object, and call self._add_styles. If we look at self._add_styles, we see the following three lines:
self.doc.automaticstyles.addElement(TYPE_STYLE)
self.doc.automaticstyles.addElement(NAME_STYLE)
self.doc.automaticstyles.addElement(DOC_STYLE)
In this step, we're adding the global styles we created earlier to our new document object so they can be referenced by content. Technically, we're simply adding the XML data defined in the style objects to the generated ODT XML data.
Now, skip on down to the __main__ section. We create an instance of ModuleDocumenter and pass it sys.modules['__main__'] and the string __main__. What does this mean? We're passing in an instance of the currently running module.
The build method of ModuleDocumenter is fairly simple. We iterate through all of the results yielded by the module_members generator and build our documentation. As you can see, we call self.doc.text.AddElement twice, once with the results of self._create_header and once with the results of the P function. Again, the addElement approach should remind you of some of the XML processing code we examined much earlier.
The _create_header method first creates a new paragraph element by calling P. Then, it concatenates two Span elements using two different style names: TYPE_STYLE and NAME_STYLE. This gives our paragraph headings the look seen in the text document screenshot. We then return the new paragraph.
The underlying XML generated is as follows (though this is not important, it may help with your overall understanding):
<text:p>
<text:span text:Type: </text:span>
<text:span text:ModuleDocumenter</text:span>
</text:p>
After generating the section header, we build a standalone paragraph, which contains the contents of each docstring. We simply use a different style. In all cases, the text content was passed into the factory function as the value to the text keyword argument.
The XML generated for each docstring resembles the following.
<text:p text:ObjectDesc(name, type, doc)</
text:p>
Finally, we save our new ODT document by calling self.doc.save. Note that we don't include a file extension. The save method automatically decides that for us based on the document type if the second argument is True.
The odfpy package can be somewhat confusing, and the documentation is slightly lacking. For more information, see the odfpy site at. If you're attempting to write more serious OpenDocument files then reading the OpenDocument standard is very much recommended. It is available online at.
Have a go hero – understanding ODF XML files
As we've said, the OpenDocument standard is XML-based. Each ODX file is nothing more than a ZIP-compressed set of XML files (more accurately, a JAR file). Take a break from the Python code for a minute and uncompress the example file we created in this article. You'll learn a lot from wading through the contents.
Summary
In this article, we took a broad survey of three popular advanced output options. We also pointed out external resources should you need to do any in-depth work with these file types.
Specifically, we touched on the building and styling of simple PDF files using the ReportLab Toolkit, managing native Excel documents as opposed to CSV, and managing and manipulating OpenDocument files like the ones used by OpenOffice.
As a bit of a bonus, you also learned a bit more about Python's powerful introspection abilities as we built a self-documenting application.
Further resources on this subject:
-] | https://www.packtpub.com/books/content/advanced-output-formats-python-26-text-processing | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | refinedweb | 4,886 | 59.09 |
Consider the following code snippet in Java. I know that the statement
temp[index] = index = 0; in the following code snippet is pretty much unacceptable but it may be necessary for some situations:
package arraypkg; final public class Main { public static void main(String... args) { int[]temp=new int[]{4,3,2,1}; int index = 1; temp[index] = index = 0; System.out.println("temp[0] = "+temp[0]); System.out.println("temp[1] = "+temp[1]); } }
It displays the following output on the console.
temp[0] = 4 temp[1] = 0
I do not understand
temp[index] = index = 0;.
How does
temp[1] contain
0? How does this assignment occur?
The assignment is done (
temp[index] = (index = 0)), right associative.
But first the expression
temp[index] is evaluated for the LHS variable. At that time
index is still 1. Then the RHS (
index = 0) is done.
###
Your statement assigned zero to it. The statement temp[index] = index = 0 wrote zero into index AND into temp[index]. That’s what that meant. Make all variables to the left of an assignment operator 0.
###
What that line does is say that
temp[index] should equal
index after
index is assigned the value
0.
This is why this syntax is mostly unacceptable. It’s hard to read and most people don’t understand it.
###
you assigned both temp[1] and index to ‘0’
it running left to right.
think ass temp[index/* */] | https://exceptionshub.com/chaining-array-assignment-in-java.html | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | refinedweb | 236 | 61.63 |
Hello everyone.
This question may be rather dumb, but at this point I got really confused and a little stuck. I am a master's student in molecular biology and relatively inexperienced when it comes to computational problems. However, I wanted to give it a try to increase my range of skill.
My problem is as follows: I have a set of PSSMs and used the tool PoSSuMSearch to find matches for my genome of interest. I am interested in the neighborhood of the matches I found, so I wanted to use the positional coordinates given from the PSSM search to extract my region of interest from a genome file. This works fine if the motif I found is located on the forward strand. Troubles arises somewhere in my handling of the reverse strand: According to the manual file from PoSSumSearch (see figure on page 17), the position for each motif is located on 'left-most position of the motif'. It should look something like this:
# | motif_on_plus # - - - - - - - - - - -> (+) strand # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 position in genome # <- - - - - - - - - - (-) strand # | motif_on_minus
In that case my motif on the (+) strand would range from position 1 to 1+length(motif). I expect my motif on the (-) strand to range from 3 to 3+length(motif). I use some Python to check if that is valid:
from Bio import SeqIO genome = SeqIO.read(genome_file, "genbank") # Examplary lines of my data file after some sorting and filtering steps example_lines = ["GCGACGGC;8036;0.002681536;CGTGCCG;8058;0.003927515;+", "CGGCAGCC;28770;0.002681536;GAAGGGC;28749;0.003927515;-"] for line in example_lines: seq, pos, _, _, _, _, strand = line.split(sep=";") pos = int(pos) print(strand) print(seq) if "+" in strand: # Prints corresponding region on (+) strand print(genome.seq[pos:pos+len(seq)]) elif "-" in strand: # Prints corresponding region on (-) strand print(genome.seq[pos:pos+len(seq)].reverse_complement()) print()
My genome file is downloaded from public data bases (chromosome of Sinorhizobium meliloti). I expected to get matching sequences for both strands (or some sequences with slightly shifted frames due to different indexing), but from what I saw so far is that the sequences for the (-) strand are just going wild. The output for this specific case is as follows:
+ GCGACGGC GCGACGGC - CGGCAGCC CCGACGGC
I have looked into whether the problem is with the reverse complement, e.g. that my motif match is given in forward orientation. But this also did not yield in the solution of my problem. Additionally, I checked a broader neighbor region for my motif on the (-) strand to see whether my motif was at least somewhere near. This also was not the case (except on apparently random occasions with short motifs rich in GC since my genome has GC content around 70%).
My question to you is: Did I make an obvious mistake? Is there something I completely overlooked? I am grateful for any hints you might have for me!
Try to investigate but you just have the reverse not the complement.
The reverse of
CGGCAGCCis actually
CCGACGGC | https://www.biostars.org/p/321001/ | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | refinedweb | 509 | 61.67 |
Question :
Using python regular expression only, how to find and replace nth occurrence of word in a sentence?
For example:
str = 'cat goose mouse horse pig cat cow' new_str = re.sub(r'cat', r'Bull', str) new_str = re.sub(r'cat', r'Bull', str, 1) new_str = re.sub(r'cat', r'Bull', str, 2)
I have a sentence above where the word ‘cat’ appears two times in the sentence. I want 2nd occurence of the ‘cat’ to be changed to ‘Bull’ leaving 1st ‘cat’ word untouched. My final sentence would look like:
“cat goose mouse horse pig Bull cow”. In my code above I tried 3 different times could not get what I wanted.
Answer #1:
Use negative lookahead like below.
"cat goose mouse horse pig cat cow" re.sub(r'^((?:(?!cat).)*cat(?:(?!cat).)*)cat', r'1Bull', s) 'cat goose mouse horse pig Bull cow's =
^Asserts that we are at the start.
(?:(?!cat).)*Matches any character but not of
cat, zero or more times.
catmatches the first
catsubstring.
(?:(?!cat).)*Matches any character but not of
cat, zero or more times.
- Now, enclose all the patterns inside a capturing group like
((?:(?!cat).)*cat(?:(?!cat).)*), so that we could refer those captured chars on later.
catnow the following second
catstring is matched.
OR
"cat goose mouse horse pig cat cow" re.sub(r'^(.*?(cat.*?){1})cat', r'1Bull', s) 'cat goose mouse horse pig Bull cow's =
Change the number inside the
{} to replace the first or second or nth occurrence of the string
cat
To replace the third occurrence of the string
cat, put
2 inside the curly braces ..
r'^(.*?(cat.*?){2})cat', r'1Bull', "cat goose mouse horse pig cat foo cat cow") 'cat goose mouse horse pig cat foo Bull cow're.sub(
Play with the above regex on here …
Answer #2:
I use simple function, which lists all occurrences, picks the nth one’s position and uses it to split original string into two substrings. Then it replaces first occurrence in the second substring and joins substrings back into the new string:
import re def replacenth(string, sub, wanted, n) where = [m.start() for m in re.finditer(sub, string)][n-1] before = string[:where] after = string[where:] after.replace(sub, wanted, 1) newString = before + after print newString
For these variables:
string = 'ababababababababab' sub = 'ab' wanted = 'CD' n = 5
outputs:
ababababCDabababab
Notes:
The
wherevariable actually is a list of matches’ positions, where you pick up the nth one. But list item index starts with
0usually, not with
1. Therefore there is a
n-1index and
nvariable is the actual nth substring. My example finds 5th string. If you use
nindex and want to find 5th position, you’ll need
nto be
4. Which you use usually depends on the function, which generates our
n.
This should be the simplest way, but it isn’t regex only as you originally wanted.
Sources and some links in addition:
-
whereconstruction: Find all occurrences of a substring in Python
- string splitting:
- similar question: Find the nth occurrence of substring in a string
Answer #3:
Here’s a way to do it without a regex:
def replaceNth(s, source, target, n): inds = [i for i in range(len(s) - len(source)+1) if s[i:i+len(source)]==source] if len(inds) < n: return # or maybe raise an error s = list(s) # can't assign to string slices. So, let's listify s[inds[n-1]:inds[n-1]+len(source)] = target # do n-1 because we start from the first occurrence of the string, not the 0-th return ''.join(s)
Usage:
In [278]: s Out[278]: 'cat goose mouse horse pig cat cow' In [279]: replaceNth(s, 'cat', 'Bull', 2) Out[279]: 'cat goose mouse horse pig Bull cow' In [280]: print(replaceNth(s, 'cat', 'Bull', 3)) None
Answer #4:
I would define a function that will work for every regex:
import re def replace_ith_instance(string, pattern, new_str, i = None, pattern_flags = 0): # If i is None - replacing last occurrence match_obj = re.finditer(r'{0}'.format(pattern), string, flags = pattern_flags) matches = [item for item in match_obj] if i == None: i = len(matches) if len(matches) == 0 or len(matches) < i: return string match = matches[i - 1] match_start_index = match.start() match_len = len(match.group()) return '{0}{1}{2}'.format(string[0:match_start_index], new_str, string[match_start_index + match_len:])
A working example:
str = 'cat goose mouse horse pig cat cow' ns = replace_ith_instance(str, 'cat', 'Bull', 2) print(ns)
The output:
cat goose mouse horse pig Bull cow
Another example:
str2 = 'abc abc def abc abc' ns = replace_ith_instance(str2, 'abcs*abc', '666') print(ns)
The output:
abc abc def 666
Answer #5:
How to replace the
nth
needle with
word:
s.replace(needle,'$$$',n-1).replace(needle,word,1).replace('$$$',needle)
Answer #6:
You can match the two occurrences of “cat”, keep everything before the second occurrence (
1) and add “Bull”:
new_str = re.sub(r'(cat.*?)cat', r'1Bull', str, 1)
We do only one substitution to avoid replacing the fourth, sixth, etc. occurrence of “cat” (when there are at least four occurrences), as pointed out by Avinash Raj comment.
If you want to replace the
n-th occurrence and not the second, use:
n = 2 new_str = re.sub('(cat.*?){%d}' % (n - 1) + 'cat', r'1Bull', str, 1)
BTW you should not use
str as a variable name since it is a Python reserved keyword.
Answer #7:
Create a repl function to pass into
re.sub(). Except… the trick is to make it a class so you can track the call count.
class ReplWrapper(object): def __init__(self, replacement, occurrence): self.count = 0 self.replacement = replacement self.occurrence = occurrence def repl(self, match): self.count += 1 if self.occurrence == 0 or self.occurrence == self.count: return match.expand(self.replacement) else: try: return match.group(0) except IndexError: return match.group(0)
Then use it like this:
myrepl = ReplWrapper(r'Bull', 0) # replaces all instances in a string new_str = re.sub(r'cat', myrepl.repl, str) myrepl = ReplWrapper(r'Bull', 1) # replaces 1st instance in a string new_str = re.sub(r'cat', myrepl.repl, str) myrepl = ReplWrapper(r'Bull', 2) # replaces 2nd instance in a string new_str = re.sub(r'cat', myrepl.repl, str)
I’m sure there is a more clever way to avoid using a class, but this seemed straight-forward enough to explain. Also, be sure to return
match.expand() as just returning the replacement value is not technically correct of someone decides to use
1 type templates. | https://discuss.dizzycoding.com/how-to-find-and-replace-nth-occurrence-of-word-in-a-sentence-using-python-regular-expression/ | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | refinedweb | 1,085 | 64.41 |
I have tried to create a program where the user inputs a name and then it calls upon a function to report data about that person's name. I just wasn't sure how to properly call upon just 1 person's name instead of all of them. I only have 2 examples so far. These names are fake and maid up by the way. This program is just for fun and for learning. Sorry if I posted in the wrong forum or anything like that, this is my first post
So far my code is:
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
void Liz_Jacobin(int);
void Jake_Jones(int);
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string name;
int a;
int call;
int password;
system("color 0A");
cin >> name;
cout << "The person you have requested info about is ";
cout << "[";
cout << name;
cout << "]";
cout << endl;
cout << "Enter you administer password ";
cin >> password;
cout << endl;
cout << endl;
cout << "Your data includes";
cout << endl;
name = a;
if (a == Liz_Jacobin)
Liz_Jacobin(call);
if (a == Jake_Jones)
Jake_Jones(call);
cout << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
void Liz_Jacobin(int x)
{
string data;
using namespace std;
data = "Liz is a girl ";
cout << data;
cout << endl;
}
void Jake_Jones(int x)
{
string data;
using namespace std;
data = "Jake plays soccer ";
cout << data;
cout << endl;
}
If you would post this in the C++ (non visual) forum you will be in the right forum. And they will assinate you with this code.
View Tag Cloud
Forum Rules | http://forums.codeguru.com/showthread.php?517332-Person-Name-Database&p=2039964 | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | refinedweb | 244 | 67.32 |
19 June 2012 13:36 [Source: ICIS news]
LONDON (ICIS)--Biofuel will be partly powering the engines of a KLM Boeing 777-200 flight from ?xml:namespace>
KLM managing director Camiel Eurlings said that using biofuel is one of the most important ways to make aviation more sustainable.
The airline conducted its first commercial biofuel flight in June 2011, with the Amsterdam-Rio de Janerio flight their longest haul using a biofuel blend.
KLM has already operated more than 200 commercial passenger flights using a biofuel blend, with most of these flights on the
However the regularity of use of biofuel in commercial flights has been dependant on product availability.
International Air Transport Association (IATA) chief economist Brian Pearce said the KLM biofuel flight is a very encouraging development.
“The industry has some tough targets to meet to reduce CO2 [carbon dioxide] emissions and clean energy is the only way to do this,” Pearce said.
However the cost of purchasing biofuel remains high and is not yet competitive with jet kerosene. A KLM spokesperson said jet biofuel can be up to four times the price of jet kerosene.
On Monday jet kerosene was at $895.50-899.50/tonne (€707.45-710.61/tonne) FOB (free on board) ARA (Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp).
“The progression (of biofuels) will be held back until commercial quantities are available,” Pearce said.
The fuel KLM uses is supplied by SkyNRG, the company KLM founded in 2009 with North Sea Group and Spring Associates.
( | http://www.icis.com/Articles/2012/06/19/9571036/biofuel-powers-rio-20-flight-from-amsterdam-to-rio-de-janeiro.html | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | refinedweb | 248 | 51.78 |
Hello again! Today, we are excited to announce the 16th release of Dotty. The development of Dotty continues according to our schedule but today, Tuesday June the 11th, we are electrified as it is the first day of Scala Days 2019 which marks the 10th anniversary of Scala Days. With this release we are getting closer to the envelope of the new features that Dotty plans to offer.
>>IMAGE 16th scheduled release according to our 6-week release schedule.
We reconsider the syntax of type lambdas in an effort to provide an improved visual cue for two categories of types: types that relate to normal function types and types that operate on a higher level. The fat arrow
=> definitely relates to the first, while we reserve now
-> to mean pure function in the future. As a result, we disengage
=> from type lambdas, which are now represented by
=>>. As a result a function from types to types is written as
[X] =>> F[X].
For those who are interested in the discussions, #6558 introduced the new syntax.
The syntax of wildcard arguments in types has changed from
_ to
?. Example:
List[?] [? <: AnyRef, ? >: Null]Map
Again, in an effort to fine-tune our syntax we put two features, from the world of terms and types, side-by-side and drew parallels at the syntactic level. Consequently, as
f(_) is a shorthand for the lambda
x => f(x) and as we plan ahead for making
C[_] to be a shorthand for the type lambda
[X] =>> C[X] in the future we pick
? as a replacement syntax for wildcard types, since it aligns with Java's syntax.
For more information please read our documentation on Wildcards.
We reconsider the syntax for contextual abstractions introducing
delegates (formerly known as
implied).
delegate, in the context of contextual abstraction means that we declare a representative of a type. We use
delegate as a noun. Note that this change is solely syntactical/grammatical and its motivation is to give a clearer meaning to those canonical values of certain types (like
Ord[Int]), that serve for synthesizing arguments to
given clauses.
for Ord[Int] { delegate IntOrd def compare(x: Int, y: Int) = if (x < y) -1 else if (x > y) +1 else 0 }
[T] for Ord[List[T]] given (ord: Ord[T]) {delegate ListOrd
For more information, the documentation has been updated as part of the relevant PR #6649
We add preliminary support for polymorphic function types. Nowadays, when we want to write a universally quantified function over elements of lists of type
T we write e.g.,
List[T] => List[(T, T)] where
T is bound at an enclosing definition. With polymorphic function types (PFT hereafter) we can quantify the parametric type locally. For example:
[T <: AnyVal] => List[T] => List[(T, T)]
As you notice, this gives us the ability to impose restrictions on the type variable
T locally. Assume, you have an identity function with
type id = T => T. By writing it as
type id = [T] => T => T we abstract further the concept of a polymorphic function and make it a true family of functions.
The code below (correctly) fails to type check because
T needs to be bounded in the enclosing class:
val id: T => T = t => t println(s"${id(1)} , ${id(7.0d)}")
With PFTs we can now achieve what we want:
val id = [T] => (t: T) => t println(s"${id(1)} , ${id(7.0d)}")
For those who are interested in the discussions and more test cases, #4672 introduced PFTs.
lazy vals are now thread-safe by default
Previously thread-safety was required using
@volatile but that would not be consistent with Scala 2. The old behavior of non-volatile lazy vals can be recovered by using the newly-introduced
@threadUnsafe.
For more information please read our documentation on the threadUnsafe annotation.
We add support for Java-compatible enumerations. The users can just extend
java.lang.Enum[T].
extends java.lang.Enum[A] { enum A case MONDAY, TUESDAY, SATURDAY } B(val gravity: Double) extends java.lang.Enum[B] { enum case EARTH extends B(9.8) case JUPITER extends B(100) case MOON extends B(4.3) case Foo extends B(10) }
For more information please check the test case and also the relevant PRs #6602 and #6629.
In the test, the enums are defined in the
MainScala.scala file and used from a Java source,
Test.java.
forclauses for importing delegate imports by type
Since delegate instances can be anonymous it is not always practical to import them by their name, and wildcard imports are typically used instead. By-type imports provide a more specific alternative to wildcard imports, which makes it clearer what is imported. Example:
import delegate A.{for TC}
This imports any delegate instance in
A that has a type which conforms tp
TC. There can be several bounding types following a
for and bounding types can contain wildcards. For instance, assuming the object
object Delegates { for Ordering[Int] delegate intOrd [T: Ordering] listOrd for Ordering[List[T]] delegate for ExecutionContext = ... delegate ec for Monoid[Int] delegate im }
the import
import delegate Delegates.{for Ordering[_], ExecutionContext}
would import the
intOrd,
listOrd, and
ec instances but leave out the
im instance, since it fits none of the specified bounds.
Summary of measured differences with the old scheme:
Advantages of new scheme:
Generichas been renamed to
Mirror) are usually shared instead of being allocated at runtime.
For the technical details of these changes please consule the corresponding PR #6531..15.0-RC1..0.16.0-RC3 these are:
88 Martin Odersky 51 Anatolii 48 Nicolas Stucki 26 Guillaume Martres 21 Miles Sabin 19 Liu Fengyun 12 Aleksander Boruch-Gruszecki 11 Sébastien Doeraene 8 Aggelos Biboudis 4 Olivier Blanvillain 3 Eugene Yokota 1 Dale Wijnand 1 Allan Renucci 1 Olivier ROLAND. | https://fossies.org/linux/dotty/docs/blog/_posts/2019-06-11-16th-dotty-milestone-release.md | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | refinedweb | 969 | 53.31 |
i want to display the result gzip format.
I am using sevlet and .vm files .I created one page with hyperlinks when to click the hyperlink.
to show the .gz file
Not zip in j2me
src\runx.java:5: package java.util.zip does not exist
import java.util.zip.*;
^
1 error
com.sun.kvem.ktools.ExecutionException
Build failed
Need more information
I want 2 or more files to be in one zip file.So,can you provide me the code.
Compressing the file into GZIP format.
Compressing the file into GZIP format.
... in the GZIP file format and
pass a reference of FileOutputStream class. Now...
compressed data in the GZIP format.
FileInputStream: This class extends
how to add a file in GZIP
how to add a file in GZIP Hi,
how to add a file in GZIP using Java.
Hi,
I have found a good referral site for How to Add a file in GZIP file format using Java.
How to add a file in GZIP file format in Java programme.
How to add a file in GZIP file format in Java programme. Hi please help me.
How to add a file GZIP File format in Java program. If example... in Gzip file format.
For details visit
Uncompressing the file in the GZIP format.
Uncompressing the file in the GZIP format.
This example will help you to understand the concepts.... This class reads compressed data in the GZIP format.
FileInputStream: This class
Java Write GZIP File Example
Java Write GZIP File Example
To add a file in GZIP format you need to use java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream
class. An example of writing a text file in GZIP format is given below,
JavaWriteToGZIPFileExample.java
import
IO in java
IO in java Your search mechanism will take as input a multi-word... earlier in the result set)
documents where more than one of the query words... the words specified appear closer to one another. For
example, if you search
How to make a gzip file in java.
create a input stream for compressing data in
GZIP format file....
In this example, we will create a GZIP file from a given file. First of
all, we will read...Make a gzip file from any given file.
In this tutorial, we will discuss how
display result
display result i want a code that takes input from user through dropdown box and display the result into table.all the values regarding the user input must be displayed. i am using mysql database
hi i want study | http://roseindia.net/tutorialhelp/allcomments/289 | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | refinedweb | 422 | 77.64 |
Rebalancing at the end of the month with timers
I would like to rebalance on the last trading day of each month.
With timers, I'm not able to achieve this with just the "monthdays" parameter, since the day isn't fixed. So I thought about using the allow parameter to provide custom rules.
import calendar class EndOfMonth(object): def __call__(self, d): if d.day == calendar.monthrange(d.year, d.month)[1]: return True return False
While I'm able to get the last day of the month this way, it doesn't work as desired since the timer callback isn't called on weekends and more importantly, holidays (because my data feeds simply don't have these dates included). This results in the monthly rebalance to be ignored for certain months.
If I could somehow know in advance that the current day is the last available day of the month, by looking at next available date in the data feed, that might work, although the data feed doesn't seem to be passed as an argument to the callback.
Does anyone know how to approach this problem? Thanks!
You may try to use the TradingCalendar class, supplied with backtrader. It has a last_monthday method that returns true if a given trading day is a last trading day of the month.
More docs here:
Thank you, that might do the trick. Although I can't quite figure out how to call the instance of the calendar inside a Strategy. Could you elaborate?
I've got it working, here's some boilerplate code:
class EndOfMonth(object): def __init__(self, cal): self.cal = cal def __call__(self, d): if self.cal.last_monthday(d): return True return False class AssetAllocation(bt.Strategy): params = ( ('cal', None), ) def __init__(self): self.add_timer( when=bt.Timer.SESSION_START, allow=EndOfMonth(self.p.cal), ) if __name__ == '__main__': # Create a cerebro entity cerebro = bt.Cerebro() cal = bt.TradingCalendar() cerebro.addcalendar(cal) # Add a strategy cerebro.addstrategy(AssetAllocation, cal=cal)
Thanks again. | https://community.backtrader.com/topic/2278/rebalancing-at-the-end-of-the-month-with-timers | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | refinedweb | 333 | 57.47 |
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Chad H. <innocentkil...@gmail.com> changed: What |Removed |Added ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC| |innocentkil...@gmail.com --- Comment #7 from Chad H. <innocentkil...@gmail.com> 2010-01-14 12:11:23 UTC --- (In reply to comment #1) > ImageSizeInfoFunctions may need to move the class > definition to a different file and should be added to svn, though. > Yes. It's a subset of features offered in MediaFunctions, but it looks pretty decent. The function_exists() wrappers around wfFindFile() are useless and can be removed. Also should be updated to use ParserFirstCallInit and its associated &$parser rather than $wgParser. The $wgMessageCache injections aren't needed anymore either. PageNotice should have a way to configure it to disable per-page notices and only allow per-namespace. I know Domas didn't like per-page edit notices (see r48276). -- Configure bugmail: ------- You are receiving this mail because: ------- You are the assignee for the bug. You are on the CC list for the bug. _______________________________________________ Wikibugs-l mailing list Wikibugs-l@lists.wikimedia.org | https://www.mail-archive.com/wikibugs-l@lists.wikimedia.org/msg31671.html | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | refinedweb | 165 | 51.75 |
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Ok here is a first small bite:
What we have here is a simple detail conversation
the master gets injected so that we can have work done
after update
but lives in its own conversation
what happens the user id is injected so is the master
(design decision i chose, you probably could get
the affected dataset also from the master if you set it there,
but I wanted to have clear boundaries so i pushed in the uid of the user
and have it reloaded insted of merging it in.
The entire time the form is open the conversation keeps the user and the
db connection
now if you want to save it...
public String dosubmit() {
flushCurrentUser();
usermasterview.findUsers();//we refill our view dont access the
db objects there, different em
return StdOutcome.SUCCESS;
}
flushcurrentUser basically just goes into an entity manager flush
(the Entity Manager is injected by @PersistenceContext somewhere in the
bo layer automatically, fusion + spring takes care of that,
hence theoretically you could go for a seam like approach of injecting
the PersistenceContext directly into the conversation.
anyway, em.flush that is it or em.persist in case of a create
all the time you work on the same user object coming from the entity
manager and having it referenced there.
usermasterview.findUsers();//
refills the master view with new data so that at a back
or go_master situation you have the updated data there
once you are done
Conversation.getCurrentInstance().invalidate();
return "go_master";
For simple navigational use cases you can invalidate all open
conversations at once, so that you do not have pending conversations.
If you still run into those, the conversations time out after while.
public class UserDetailView {
UserBO userbo;
User user = new User();
UserMasterView usermasterview;
int userid;
boolean postinitialized = false;
String viewmode = "create";
public int getUserid() {
return userid;
}
public void setUserid(int userid) {
this.userid = userid;
if(!postinitialized) {
postInitialize(userid);
}
}
public void setPreinitUserid(int userid) {
postInitialize(userid);
}
public int getPreinitUserid() {
return -1;
}
public void postInitialize(int userid) {
postinitialized = true;
user = userbo.loadUserById(userid);
viewmode = "edit";
}
public String dosubmit() {
flushCurrentUser();
usermasterview.findUsers();//we refill our view dont access the
db objects there, different em
return StdOutcome.SUCCESS;
}
public String dogomaster() {
Conversation.getCurrentInstance().invalidate();
return "go_master";
}
public void flushCurrentUser() {
userbo.createUpdateUser((User)user);
}
public UserBO getUserbo() {
return userbo;
}
public void setUserbo(UserBO userbo) {
this.userbo = userbo;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public String getViewmode() {
return viewmode;
}
public void setViewmode(String viewmode) {
this.viewmode = viewmode;
}
public UserMasterView getUsermasterview() {
return usermasterview;
}
public void setUsermasterview(UserMasterView usermasterview) {
this.usermasterview = usermasterview;
}
}
Arash Rajaeeyan schrieb:
> how can I see the result of this work?
>
> On 2/27/07, *Werner Punz* <werner.punz@gmail.com
> <mailto:werner.punz@gmail.com>> wrote:
>
> Sorry to jump in here again,
> I have been playing guinea pig the last
> week for marios work.
> All I can say is this thing now is highly usable
> by now.
> You can put a view controller under conversation scope
> (not a shale one yet, you will lose the callbacks)
> and simply work on the stuff now like you would do in a rich client
> environment with an EntityManage, Hibernate Session open for the entire
> conversation.
>
> once you hit a point when you want to terminate, you can have the view
> controller/conversation invalidate itself or restart itself.
>
> Also binding component bindings onto such a conversation is taken care
> of, you can push them into a separate bean which you weave in by
> a scope of request and aop:scoped-proxy, then you basically get a fresh
> view onto your backend component bindings at every request.
>
> To sum it up, I just almost finished a first full master detail crud
> ( I have done several details forms before)
> The master form has about 30 lines of core code, excluding the setters
> and getters already dealting with dao calling, handling the query part
> etc... and adding a detail was a matter of one hour of figuring out
> which patterns work best and a few minutes of implementation
> handling new update and delete.
> The objects you work with always are the same the orm layer accesses,
> so a simple update ends up normally with
>
> entitymanager.flush ();
>
> And btw. bindings for hibernate and jpa already are in place...
>
> All I can say is a lot of thanks to mario for this, this is a killer...
> I think he has found the right mix of exposing the api and
> trying to automate. Seam while being excellent and Gavin was entirely
> correct with his approach of keeping the entitymanager open for a
> conversation, automates and hides way too much for my taste.
> One example is that it takes away the control how you connect
> the master and the detail, and in the end breaks the Tomahawk table
> that way.
>
>
> Gerald Müllan schrieb:
> > Mario,
> >
> > i am feeling very confident that this will be a great addition to
> > MyFaces in the near future.
> >
> > Through many lessons learned, I can admit that using Spring + JSF
> > together makes up a powerful combination. Tying the new
> > Spring/MyFaces-Conversation scope to JSF brings us beneath a
> > "seam-approach", but with less burden. I am quite curious about using
> > the sample-app!
> >
> > As i believe, the sandbox stuff will be removed, after fusion will be
> > quite stable.
> >
> > I also agree that it should have been discussed on the list, but ok it
> > is done now. Next time
> > devs should be informed before such a big commit takes place.
> >
> > cheers,
> >
> > Gerald
> >
>
>
>
>
> --
> Arash Rajaeeyan | http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/myfaces-dev/200702.mbox/%3Ces0ujo$qg$1@sea.gmane.org%3E | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | refinedweb | 917 | 51.89 |
Writing Code that Writes Code
Microsoft’s T4 technology makes it possible - even fun - to write programs that, well, write programs! You tell the template how to generate the tedious code and it happily writes and maintains it for you.
When working on a mobile app project, I had a distinct need to automate the generation and maintenance of cookie-cutter code required for every screen. So I went out in search of ways to do it.
The first option I found was a Microsoft technology called CodeDOM (). This API provides a way for you to generate classes and members. For example the generator code to add a private double field named widthValue to an existing class looks like this.
CodeMemberField widthValueField = new CodeMemberField(); widthValueField.Attributes = MemberAttributes.Private; widthValueField.Name = "widthValue"; widthValueField.Type = new CodeTypeReference(typeof(System.Double)); widthValueField.Comments.Add( new CodeCommentStatement("The width of the object.")); targetClass.Members.Add(widthValueField);
As you can see, it’s quite straightforward but also quite verbose. To generate standard project class would take mounds of code. I didn’t want a solution that was going to be more time-consuming than the original problem!
Fortunately a better technology was available: T4 Templates. T4 is short for “Text Template Transformation Toolkit.” It’s been around since 2005, and was first bundled together with Visual Studio in the 2008 release. Since then it’s been upgraded to improve performance and provide better integration with Visual Studio’s DSL tools.
Microsoft itself uses T4 under the covers to do the code generation work for technologies like ADO.NET Entity Framework, ASP.NET MVC view/controller generation and ASP.NET Dynamic Data.
T4 in Action
Here’s a hello-world-style T4 template example.
<#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> <#@ output extension=".cs" #> <#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #> <# var Friends = new List<string>(); // Code here may retrieve friend names from the database and // put them into a friends array // For this example, we'll just add a few ourselves: Friends.AddRange(new string[] {"Brad","Dan","Mike","Wayne","Mark"}); #> using System; class HelloFriends { <# foreach (var f in Friends) { #> public void Hello<#= f #>() { Console.WriteLine("Hello there, <#= f #>, my friend!"); } <# } #> }
If you have seen ASP.NET MVC views, classic Active Server Pages, Java Server Pages or similar technologies – this kind of code may look familiar to you.
What you see is two levels of code – template code and output code. Template code is executed when the template is processed. This happens every time the template is modified and saved. (It can also be made to happen whenever the app is compiled.) So the template code is executed at design time to produce the output code. Then the output code executes at runtime.
What is the output code in this case? Glad you asked…
using System; class HelloFriends { public void HelloBrad() { Console.WriteLine("Hello there, Brad, my friend!"); } public void HelloDan() { Console.WriteLine("Hello there, Dan, my friend!"); } public void HelloMike() { Console.WriteLine("Hello there, Mike, my friend!"); } public void HelloWayne() { Console.WriteLine("Hello there, Wayne, my friend!"); } public void HelloMark() { Console.WriteLine("Hello there, Mark, my friend!"); } }
The template code, often called control code, is always within the <# and #> directives and is always executed at design time. When it is executed, it generates the output file.
T4 Anatomy
The first two lines of the template typically look much like the first two lines here:
<#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> <#@ output extension=".cs" #>
Note that these lines begin with a <#@, indicating they are directives. A directive provides information on how to process the template.
In the first line, a few attributes are set -- most importantly, language. This indicates the language that is used for the template code. Note that this may be different from the language used for the output. That is, you can use a C# template to produce VB code output, if you like. The extension used for the output file is indicated in the second line. So in this case, we’re using a C# template to produce C# output.
The third line is also a directive.
<#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #>
The import directive identifies a namespace you’d like to use in your template code, like an Imports in VB or a using in C#. Remember this is for the template code – not for the output code. You may have as many of these lines as you need.
Template code is often referred to as control code. That’s what the next section is.
<# var Friends = new List<string>(); // Code here may retrieve friend names from the database and // put them into a friends array // For this example, we'll just add a few ourselves: Friends.AddRange(new string[] {"Brad","Dan","Mike","Wayne","Mark"}); #>
It is common to have a big block of control code at the top of your template. And usually this is where you retrieve the data you’ll use to generate this template. A template is a way of dynamically creating code, so it must be driven by dynamic data. That data may come from a database, an XML file or virtually any other data source. But whatever it is, you’ll likely need to do some housekeeping to access it and then retrieve the data you’ll use into a an array, list, dictionary or some other internal data structure. This is the spot to do all that.
As the comments indicate I’ve cheated a bit here to keep it simple. I fill a string array with a few friends’ names.
The next bit appears outside the <# and #> delimiters.
#> using System; class HelloFriends { <#
Stuff that’s outside the delimiters are called text blocks. Text blocks are simply chunks that will be copied to the output file exactly as is. Here the output file begins with a using statement and then the first line of a class definition. Note that this using applies to the output file, as opposed to the <#@ import namespace…, discussed above, which applies to the template code.
The rest of the template contains a mix of control code and output text.
<# foreach (var f in Friends) { #> public void Hello<#= f #>() { Console.WriteLine("Hello there, <#= f #>, my friend!"); } <# } #> }
The foreach is within the delimiters, so at design time it loops through all the elements in the Friends list. Note the <# } #> near the end – that’s the bottom of the loop. Most of what’s within the loop is output text that will create a method definition for each friend. However there are a couple of special delimiters used within this text: <#= and #>. These are referred to as expression control blocks. They don’t contain code to execute but rather an expression to be evaluated. The expression will boil down to a single value that will replace the expression block in the final output. In both cases here, that expression is the current string – the name of the friend. This produces the following output for the first element of the list, “Brad”.
public void HelloBrad() { Console.WriteLine("Hello there, Brad, my friend!"); }
Tricks of the Trade
T4 templates are pretty straightforward, in concept. In practice, however, things can sometimes get confusing. After all, when you run into bugs they may be bugs in the template code or bugs in the output code. You’ll have to debug both at the same time.
Here are a few tips and tricks to make T4 development easier.
Add a Template
You can add a T4 template to any project. When you go to the Add New Item dialog you may or may not see an option for Text Template. If you do, it’ll likely look like this.
Add New Item
If not, don’t worry – you can simply choose Text File and then after it’s created, rename it with the .tt extension. Answer yes to the are-you-sure dialog and you’ve got an empty T4 template.
Get Off on the Right Foot
The first step with a new template is to modify the first lines, or enter them if you started with an empty template.
<#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> <#@ output extension=".cs" #>
Set the language for the template and the extension for the output file. Note that you can produce an output file with any extension, not just code. You can generate an XML file, a text file or nearly anything else.
Organize Your Template and Output Work
Visual Studio conveniently nests the output page under the template in Solution Explorer.
Solution Explorer
The best way I’ve found to see what’s happening when I develop a template is to use a vertically split screen in Visual Studio with the template on the left and the output file on the right.
Vertically Split Screen in Visual Studio
As you modify the template, you can save at any point and when you do, the template will be re-run and the corresponding output will appear on the right.
Chase Bugs
When I said you’d be debugging template and output at the same time, I wasn’t kidding. Suppose you forget the semicolon at the end of the AddRange line in the Friends template. Here’s what you’ll see.
Error List
You get the error you’d expect, but you also get some other confusing errors. In addition, you’ll see that the output file looks like this.
Output File
If the template code fails, often the template can’t be generated at all. Especially if the failure happens in that first housekeeping/data gathering section. In that case you get a single line as you see here. Notice that the third error is in Friends.cs. Despite failing the template, the compiler still tries to process the output file and finds that single line, thus the #3 error. You’ll see this every time your template fails before generating anything.
But this is just the simplest possible case. If you have an error in an expression or other code that’s mixed up with the output, you may get syntax or other errors in the output. Always focus first on the errors you get in the template. When you get those fixed, the output errors often disappear.
Upgrade Your Editor
You may have noticed that the Visual Studio editor’s support for T4 isn’t what you’d call rich. Even after four releases, T4 just hasn’t gotten the love it needs. Fortunately free third-party add-ons make up the difference.
I use the free Tangible T4 Editor (). It provides very helpful color coding, highlighting, syntax validation and more.
Tangible T4 Editor
I haven’t evaluated it, but another big name for T4 editors and other extensions is Devart ().
Generate at Compile Time
As you’ve seen, templates are re-run every time you make a change and save the template. But since the data source that drives the template is dynamic, you may end up wishing you could trigger a regen at compile time. For some reason, this simple and common requirement isn’t satisfied out-of-the-box. Fortunately, you don’t have to look far to find ways to make it happen.
The Tangible T4 Editor I mentioned above provides a property on each template file named TranformOnBuild. Unfortunately the feature only works if you buy the Pro version of their product (which provides many additional features for a reasonable $130). But for this problem, there’s no reason to pay.
A Google search will turn up solutions you can implement without an add-on that involve modifying your build process to include scripting or batch file code that runs through your project looking for all .tt files and running TextTransform.exe on them.
If, like me, you’re looking for a more install-and-forget solution, you may want to check out the free, open-source Clarius TransformOnBuild NuGet package (). It worked like a charm for me.
Or, if you prefer, there are many other third-party options that a Google search will turn up.
Conclusion
Code generation can seem like an intimidating prospect at first. It is, virtually by definition, an advanced programming topic. However Microsoft has made big strides in lowering the bar so that simple needs can be met simply and more complex projects are manageable. In this article you got a detailed description of a simple example and a number of real-world tips and tricks to smooth your learning curve with this exciting new technology!
| http://www.developer.com/net/writing-code-that-writes-code.html | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | refinedweb | 2,088 | 66.54 |
17857 on
Developer Community if you have new
information to add and do not yet see a matching new report.
If the latest results still closely match this report, you can use the
original description:
Created attachment 6085 [details]
Test case
## Steps to reproduce
1. Open attached test case in VS 2013.
2. Build the AndroidBindingIntellisense project.
3. Open the `MainActivity.cs` from the AndroidBindingIntellisense project in the editor.
4. Start typing the following line beneath the existing two "var x = ..." lines:
> var z = new BindingLib.MyJavaView(this);
## Result
Visual Studio does not offer Intellisense autocomplete suggestions for `BindingLib` or `MyJavaView`. Additionally the existing `BindingLib` namespace in the "var x = ..." line causes the following error to appear in the Error List window:
The type or namespace name 'BindingLib' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
## Workaround
In the AndroidBindingIntellisense project, remove the reference to the BindingLib _project_, and instead reference the compiled BindingLib.dll.
## Version information
Tested with:
Xamarin.Android 4.12.0.22
and
Xamarin.Android 4.10.02014
I tried to open attached project in VS 2013 but getting "Unsupported " error message and attached project not opened.
Refer screen shot:
Let me know if I need any setting to open this project.
Created attachment 6128 [details]
Test case
Hmm. Somehow I left two copies of the solution in the .zip.
Here's an updated version with just 1 solution. Hopefully this will work. That said, I was able to open both solutions from the old zip with Visual Studio, so I'm not 100% sure where the "Unsupported" error is coming from.
I also noticed that the binding project template for Visual Studio has a different ProjectTypeGuids element [1, 2], so I switched that to match the Visual Studio value. Maybe that will help.
[1] From Xamarin Studio 4.2.3 (build 54), Xamarin.Android 4.12.0-22:
<ProjectTypeGuids>{EFBA0AD7-5A72-4C68-AF49-83D382785DCF};{10368E6C-D01B-4462-8E8B-01FC667A7035};{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}</ProjectTypeGuids>
[2] From Visual Studio 2013, Xamarin.Android 4.12.00022:
<ProjectTypeGuids>{10368E6C-D01B-4462-8E8B-01FC667A7035};{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}</ProjectTypeGuids>
I have checked this issue on below environments:
Window 7
VS 2013
X iOS: 1.10.39
After build application I noticed that when I typed "BindingLib" getting error for reference of this library.
Refer screen cast:
3.10 was scratched and the only milestone tracked for what was the 3.10 release is VS2015-CTP6. Moving open 3.10 bugs to 3.11 for review.
Updating target milestone to Cycle 6
I have checked this issue with latest stable build of XVS i.e. 3.11.666 and observed that this issue still exist i.e.
>Visual Studio does not offer Intellisense autocomplete suggestions for `BindingLib` or >`MyJavaView`.
Some further observations:
It seems that there is a clear distinction of the `Debug` configuration vs. the `Release` configuration when using Visual Studio's `Object Browser` from a project that is referencing a binding project.
Example:
Thus with the current workaround, one could also simply set the configuration to `Release` to get proper intellisense to a referenced binding project.
I can confirm this enabled intellisense correctly:
As for another confirmation to you could alternatively reference the already built .dll instead of a project reference.
So overall it seems that there is a disconnect of what classes are brought into the project in `Debug` and `Release` mode and there are now two workarounds provided. | https://bugzilla.xamarin.com/17/17857/bug.html | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | refinedweb | 579 | 59.3 |
Publish your Command Line Python Package to the world in 5 minutes
Mohit Khare
Mar 23
・3 min read
Have you build something amazing and want everyone to use it ?
Yes, you can do that easily by sharing your package on PyPi.
Follow the guide to publish your first ever python package.
The Python Package Index (PyPI) is a repository of software for the Python programming language.PyPI helps you find and install software developed and shared by the Python community.It currently has over 173k projects.
If you are familiar with python, You must have came across -
pip install <package-name>
Minimal structure for your project to be published requires following structure -
counter /__main__.py README.md LICENSE.txt setup.py
I am making a package named counter.(you can use yours)
In setup.py you need to specify all the components of your package.
Have a look at the file
setup(name='counter', version='1.0.0', description='A Python package for getting list of numbers from 1 to 100', url='<username>/<package-name>', entry_points={'console_scripts': ['counter= counter.__main__:main']}, keywords=['counter', 'programming language ranking', 'index', 'programming language'], author='Mohit Khare (mkfeuhrer)', author_email='mohitfeuhrer@gmail.com', license='MIT', packages=['counter'], install_requires=[ 'requests' ], )
Most of the field are represented via key names like name,version,etc.
- Url field denotes the code repository url.
The field entry_points denotes the entry point of our package.
counter.main:main specifies to main function in main.py inside counter folder. (Do replace counter with your package name)
You can look for details here.
Next step is to make your LICENSE.txt. (I have used MIT license)
MIT License.
Now fill up your README.md with some markdown text.
#counter A Python package for getting list of numbers from 1 to 100. ### Dependencies + requests ## Contributors - [Mohit Khare]()
Now we are set to write our command line parser.
Let's start with main.py -
def main(argv=None): """ :desc: Entry point method """ if argv is None: argv = sys.argv try: parser = create_parser() if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
We initialized our main.py to call main function which accepts arguments.
All we need is a create_parser() function now.
Develop your parser
We will use argparse package for parsing.
import argparse def create_parser(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--counttill100',required=False,action='store_true',help='Print count till 100') return parser def main(argv=None): """ :desc: Entry point method """ if argv is None: argv = sys.argv try: parser = create_parser() args = parser.parse_args(argv[1:]) # Arguments initialization counttill100= args.counttill100 # Parser check if counttill100: counttill100fun() except KeyboardInterrupt: print('\nGood Bye.') return 0 def counttill100fun(): for i in range(1,101): print(i) if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
We added a counttill100fun() function to print numbers from 1 to 100.
You can run
python __main__.py --counttill100
Yay!! we successfully build our parser.
Publish your package
Register yourself on PyPi if you do not have a account.
Now generate distribution package by running this in your root folder.
pip install --user --upgrade setuptools wheel python3 setup.py sdist
Upload your package to PyPi , you will be prompted to enter your username and password.
twine upload dist/*
Hurrah !! You just published your first package.
You can install it by infamous command
pip install <your-package-name>
It's time to build some new projects and start contributing.
PS: Check my package here : Richest or do a simple
pip install richest
Happy developing !!<<
Awesome article 👍
Thanks :) | https://practicaldev-herokuapp-com.global.ssl.fastly.net/mkfeuhrer/publish-your-command-line-python-package-to-the-world-in-5-minutes-ilm | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | refinedweb | 580 | 61.43 |
Deleting Stash history
I wanted to delete my stash history and naively thought that if I cat /dev/null > .stash_history, that would do it. However, if I do that, the .stash_history file is truncated and shows 0B but when I restart stash all of the history is recreated. What I am overlooking?
stashprobably keeps the history in memory while running, and writes it to the history file later. This means that deleting the history file from
stashdoes not clear the history, because the copy in memory is not cleared. To clear the history you can probably run something like
import os; os.remove(os.path.expanduser("~/Documents/.stash_history"))in the Python prompt (while
stashis not running). I don't remember where exactly the
.stash_historyfile is located, so you may need to adjust the path.
@ihf
@dgelessus is right. StaSh keeps all history in memory while running and write them to the history file when it quits.
The history file is by default located under stash installation root, i.e.
~/Documents/site-packages/stash/.stash_history
To delete the history, maybe you can try this:
After you truncating the history file, try manually restart pythonista while stash is still running, i.e. double click home and swipe pythonista out of the task list. That will most likely end stash without it performing any tasks on exit.
@ywangd Unfortunately, manually restarting Pythonista does not do the trick.
@dgelessus That worked.
Thank you. | https://forum.omz-software.com/topic/3020/deleting-stash-history | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | refinedweb | 239 | 67.96 |
Some people spend far too long in front of
their computers using IRC. If you are one of those people, here is a
hack that may appeal to you. Never again will you forget to do
something important, because you'll be able to get
an IRC bot to remind you!
This hack shows how to create a simple IRC bot that sits in any
number of channels and responds to the !egg
command. After three minutes, the bot will remind you that your egg
is done, for this is how long it takes to boil the perfect egg.
Scheduling a task for later
execution is easy with Java. The java.util.Timer
class allows you to schedule tasks that extend
java.util.TimerTask. The Timer
class is scalable, so the bot should be perfectly capable of
scheduling thousands of tasks at the same time.
That's a lot of eggs.
Compile the bot:
C:\java\EggTimerBot> javac -classpath .;pircbot.jar *.java
Run it like so:
C:\java\EggTimerBot> java -classpath .;pircbot.jar EggTimerBotMain
When someone issues the !egg command, the bot will
tell him when three minutes has elapsed, as shown in
Timing three minutes is fine if you're a fan of
boiled eggs, but not everything takes three minutes to cook. You
could generalize the bot so it is suitable for other purposes. Modify
the body of the onMessage method so it can accept
a new command, !timer
duration, where
duration is the number of seconds to wait
before alerting you:
message = message.trim( ).toLowerCase( );
if (message.equals("!egg")) {
sendMessage(channel, sender + ": I am timing your 3 minutes now...");
EggTimerTask timerTask = new EggTimerTask(this, sender, channel);
timer.schedule(timerTask, DURATION);
}
else if (message.startsWith("!timer ")) {
try {
int duration = Integer.parseInt(message.substring(7));
if (duration > 0) {
EggTimerTask timerTask = new EggTimerTask(this, sender, channel);
// Multiply the milliseconds by 1000 to get seconds.
timer.schedule(timerTask, duration * 1000);
}
}
catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// Do nothing.
}
}
You can now get the bot to time any period measured in seconds, for
example:
!timer 30
would make the bot wait half a minute before telling you your
egg's ready. Of course, you may not be using it for
cooking eggs by this stage, so you may like to change the message
that is output by the EggTimerTask
class.
You will need to create a special class called
EggTimerTask that extends
TimerTask. When the egg is ready, the
run method in this class will be called. In the
run method, the bot must send a message to the
channel to tell the user that her egg is ready to eat. Instances of
this class therefore need to store a reference to the bot, channel,
and nickname of the user.
Create the file EggTimerTask.java:
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class EggTimerTask extends TimerTask {
private EggTimerBot bot;
private String nick;
private String channel;
public EggTimerTask(EggTimerBot bot, String nick, String channel) {
this.bot = bot;
this.nick = nick;
this.channel = channel;
}
public void run( ) {
bot.sendMessage(channel, nick + ": Your egg is ready!");
}
}
Writing the actual bot is rather straightforward, as all you need to
do is make it respond to messages that look like
"!egg". It needs to create a new
EggTimerTask and schedule it for running three
minutes later.
Create the file
EggTimerBot.java:
import org.jibble.pircbot.*;
import java.util.Timer;
public class EggTimerBot extends PircBot {
public static final long DURATION = 3 * 60 * 1000;
private Timer timer = new Timer(true);
public EggTimerBot(String name) {
setName(name);
}
public void onMessage(String channel, String sender,
String login, String hostname, String message) {
if (message.trim( ).toLowerCase( ).equals("!egg")) {
sendMessage(channel, sender + ": I am timing your 3 minutes now...");
EggTimerTask timerTask = new EggTimerTask(this, sender, channel);
timer.schedule(timerTask, DURATION);
}
}
}
Finally, you just need a main method to start the bot and tell it to
connect to a server and join a channel. If you want, you can ask this
bot to join more than one channel, and it will still happily do its
job.
Save the following as
EggTimerBotMain.java:
public class EggTimerBotMain {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
EggTimerBot bot = new EggTimerBot("eggcook");. | http://archive.oreilly.com/pub/h/1991 | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | refinedweb | 689 | 66.54 |
QML Bluetooth Example
Hi,
Apologies if this is a bit vague.
I've run the QML Bluetooth Example. It runs on both Mac os and iOS but the BluetoothDiscoveryModel doesn't seem to work. It finds the devices in range but returns 00:00:00:00:00:00 as the address for all devices. It doesn't find any services in either minimal or full discovery modes.
I'm using macOS 10.12, iOS 10.3.1, Qt 5.8
Does anyone have any ideas on what I can do or more info I can give?
Cheers,
Al
- ambershark Moderators
@albanj Just a guess, does it require some sort of permissions to access the bluetooth on iOS that you aren't giving it?
Also side note, Qt has had bluetooth problems for a long time. You may want to try another bluetooth library to see if it is a Qt issue or not.
The vplay guys usually come through these threads but just in case they miss it, you could try their bluetooth to test with.. v-play.net. ;)
Hi, thanks for your suggestions.
Other apps (from the app store) can correctly discover the devices and their services. There doesn't appear to be any permissions needed. I have tried adding the bluetooth sharing string to my project-info.plist. I'll do a bit more reading on this though in case I've missed something.
I do use v-play but as far as I can tell they don't do anything special with bluetooth.
Perhaps I'll take this as an opportunity to learn swift.
Thanks again,
Al
- ambershark Moderators
@albanj Sorry wish I had more advice to give, but I haven't written any apps for iOS yet, and Qt's bluetooth has failed me every time I've tried to use it on anything other than some simple device like a headset.
- ekkescorner Qt Champions 2016
are you sure you're not trying to get the address unde iOS or MAcOS ? this would fail !
here's from my BT LE Example app
QString MyBluetoothDeviceInfo::getAddress() const { #if defined (Q_OS_IOS) || defined (Q_OS_MAC) // On MacOS and iOS we get no access to device address, // only unique UUIDs generated by Core Bluetooth. qDebug() << "getting address from deviceUuid()"; return mDevice.deviceUuid().toString(); #else return mDevice.address().toString(); #endif }
I'll publish my BT LE Example apps soon - probably one week to work on ...
Hi,
I've been trying to use the BluetoothDiscoveryModel QML Type
When a device is discovered, one of the properties returned is called remoteAddress. There doesn't seem to be a distinction between address and UUID in the QML type. That could well be the problem.
Thanks for your input. This might turn out to be a bigger small project than I was hoping for.
Regards,
Al
- ekkescorner Qt Champions 2016
@albanj said in QML Bluetooth Example:
...This might turn out to be a bigger small project than I was hoping for.
there's always a mistake: marketing and product managers are thinking because BT LE devices are small and cheap - same happens for the software solutions ;-)
It's not trivial to develop a stable running BT LE APP - so many states, errors, signals, can happen
I'm just in the process of doing this using custom BT LE devices and also a WaiterLock BT LE device (for Login/Logout)
To separate this from the APPs where I have to integrate the BT LE device - logic I'm developing my own BT LE Example app with Scanner (Device Discovery) and exploring all the Services, Characteristics, Descriptors and also demo HowTo manage some standard devcies (HeartRate, WeightControl)
stay tuned - my BT LE Example APP will be available at Github soon. Covering all the new stuff from Qt 5.8 and also using QtQuickControls2. Tested on mobile (Android, iOS)
BTW: I'm doing all the BT LE stuff from Qt/C++ not QML - QML only for UI
IT's just a hobby project for me. It's been a few years since I even looked at any C++. It does seem like that may be the way to go though. From the docs and the scanner example it seems like the QML side should be capable on iOS but perhaps I've missed something.
Thanks for your time and I look forward to your example project.
Al | https://forum.qt.io/topic/78069/qml-bluetooth-example | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | refinedweb | 728 | 71.95 |
histogram in database
I compute histogram for image(code below)
def compute_histogram_rgb(src, r_bins = 32, g_bins = 32, b_bins= 32): #create planes rplane = cv.CreateImage(cv.GetSize(src), 8, 1) gplane = cv.CreateImage(cv.GetSize(src), 8, 1) bplane = cv.CreateImage(cv.GetSize(src), 8, 1) planes = [rplane, gplane, bplane] cv.Split(src, rplane, gplane, bplane, None) #compute histogram hist = cv.CreateHist((r_bins, g_bins, b_bins), cv.CV_HIST_ARRAY, ranges = ((0, 255),(0, 255), (0, 255)), uniform = True) cv.CalcHist(planes, hist) #compute histogram cv.NormalizeHist(hist, 1.0) #normalize hist return hist
and then I want to store histogram in database (sqllite3 in python) but I don't know what format histogram is, do I need to unwrap it to vector?
it would get much easier using the cv2 instead of the cv api, since it would be a simple numpy array then, which is easy to serialize as a 'blob' in sqlite3
cv2 is more complicated, do you have any example with numpy array? | https://answers.opencv.org/question/9217/histogram-in-database/?answer=9219 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | refinedweb | 163 | 66.03 |
Weekly Kubernetes Community Hangout Notes - April 10 2015
Every week the Kubernetes contributing community meet virtually over Google Hangouts. We want anyone who's interested to know what's discussed in this forum.
Agenda:
- kubectl tooling, rolling update, deployments, imperative commands.
- Downward API / env. substitution, and maybe preconditions/dependencies.
Notes from meeting:
1. kubectl improvements
make it simpler to use, finish rolling update, higher-level deployment concepts.
rolling update
today
can replace one rc by another rc specified by a file.
no explicit support for rollback, can sort of do it by doing rolling update to old version.
we keep annotations on rcs to keep track of desired # instances; won't work for rollback case b/c not symmetric.
need immutable image ids; currently no uuid that corresponds to image,version so if someone pushes on top you'll re-pull that; in API server we should translate images into uuids (as close to edge as possible).
would be nice to auto-gen new rc instead of having user update it (e.g. when change image tag for container, etc.; currently need to change rc name and label value; could automate generating new rc).
treating rcs as pets vs. cattle.
"roll me from v1 to v2" (or v2 to v1) - good enough for most people. don't care about record of what happened in the past.
we're providing the module ansible can call to make something happen.
how do you keep track of multiple templates; today we use multiple RCs.
if we had a deployment controller; deployment config spawns pos that runs rolling update; trigger is level-based update of image repository.
alternative short-term proposal: create new rc as clone of old one, futz with counts so new one is old one and vv, bring prev-named one (pet) down to zero and bring it back up with new template (this is very similar to how Borg does job updates).
- is it worthwhile if we want to have the deployments anyway? Yes b/c we have lots of concepts already; need to simplify.
deployment controller keeps track of multiple templates which is what you need for rolling updates and canaries.
only reason for new thing is to move the process into the server instead of the client?
may not need to make it an API object; should provide experience where it's not an API object and is just something client side.
need an experience now so need to do it in client because object won't land before 1.0.
having simplified experience for people who only want to enageg w/ RCs.
how does rollback work: ctrl-c, rollout v2 v1. rollback pattern can be in person's head. 2 kinds of rollback: i'm at steady state and want to go back, and i've got canary deployment and hit ctrl-c how do i get rid of the canary deployment (e.g. new is failing). ctrl-c might not work. delete canary controller and its pods. wish there was a command to also delete pods (there is -- kbectl stop). argument for not reusing name: when you move fwd you can stop the new thing and you're ok, vs. if you replace the old one and you've created a copy if you hit ctrl-c you don't have anything you can stop. but you could wait to flip the name until the end, use naming convention so can figure out what is going on, etc.
two different experiences: (1) i'm using version control, have version history of last week rollout this week, rolling update with two files -> create v2, ??? v1, don't have a pet - moved into world of version control where have cumulative history and; (1) imperative kubectl v1 v2 where sys takes care of details, that's where we use the snapshot pattern.
other imperative commands
run-container (or just run): spec command on command line which makes it more similar to docker run; but not multi-container pods.
--forever vs. not (one shot exec via simple command).
would like it go interactive - run -it and runs in cluster but you have interactive terminal to your process.
how do command line args work. could say --image multiple times. will cobra support? in openshift we have clever syntax for grouping arguments together. doesn't work for real structured parameters.
alternative: create pod; add container add container ...; run pod -- build and don't run object until 'run pod'.
-- to separate container args.
create a pod, mutate it before you run it - like initializer pattern.
kind discovery
if we have run and sometimes it creates an rc and sometimes it doesn't, how does user know what to delete if they want to delete whatever they created with run.
bburns has proposal for don't specify kind if you do command like stop, delete; let kubectl figure it out.
alternative: allow you to define alias from name to set of resource types, eg. delete all which would follow that alias (all could mean everything in some namespace, or unscoped, etc.) - someone explicitly added something to a set vs. accidentally showed up like nodes.
would like to see extended to allow tools to specify their own aliases (not just users); e.g. resize can say i can handle RCs, delete can say I can handle everything, et.c so we can automatically do these things w/o users have to specify stuff. but right mechanism.
resourcebuilder has concept of doing that kind of expansion depending on how we fit in targeted commands. for instance if you want to add a volume to pods and rcs, you need something to go find the pod template and change it. there's the search part of it (delete nginx -> you have to figure out what object they are referring to) and then command can say i got a pod i know what to do with a pod.
alternative heuristic: what if default target of all commands was deployments. kubectl run -> deployment. too much work, easier to clean up existing CLI. leave door open for that. macro objects OK but a lot more work to make that work. eventually will want index to make these efficient. could rely more on swagger to tell us types.
2. paul/downward api: env substitution
- create ad-hoc env var like strings, e.g. k8s_pod_name that would get sub'd by system in objects.
- allow people to create env vars that refer to fields of k8s objects w/o query api from inside their container; in some cases enables query api from their container (e.g. pass obj names, namespaces); e.g. sidecar containers need this for pulling things from api server.
- another proposal similar: instead of env var like names, have JSON-path-like syntax for referring to object field names; e.g. $.metadata.name to refer to name of current object, maybe have some syntax for referring to related objects like node that a pod is on. advantage of JSON path-like syntax is that it's less ad hoc. disadvantage is that you can only refer to things that are fields of objects.
- for both, if you populate env vars then you have drawback that fields only set when container is created. but least degree of coupling -- off the shelf containers, containers don't need to know how to talk to k8s API. keeps the k8s concepts in the control plane.
- we were converging on JSON path like approach. but need prototype or at least deeper proposal to demo.
- paul: one variant is for env vars in addition to value field have different sources which is where you would plug in e.g. syntax you use to describe a field of an object; another source would be a source that described info about the host. have partial prototype. clean separation between what's in image vs. control plane. could use source idea for volume plugin.
- use case: provide info for sidecar container to contact API server.
- use case: pass down unique identifiers or things like using UID as unique identifier.
- clayton: for rocket or gce metadata service being available for every pod for more sophisticated things; most containers want to find endpoint of service.
3. preconditions/dependencies
- when you create pods that talk to services, the service env vars only get populated if you create the objs in the right order. if you use dns it's less of a problem but some apps are fragile. may crash if svc they depend on is not there, may take a long time to restart. proposal to have preconds that block starting pods until objs they depend on exist.
- infer automatically if we ask people to declare which env vars they wanted, or have dep mech at pod or rc or obj level to say this obj doesn't become active until this other thing exists.
- can use event hook? only app owner knows their dependency or when service is ready to serve.
- one proposal is to use pre-start hook. another is precondition probe - pre-start hook could do a probe. does anything respond when i hit this svc address or ip, then probe fails. could be implemented in pre-start hook. more useful than post-start. is part of rkt spec. has stages 0, 1, 2. hard to do in docker today, easy in rocket.
- pre-start hook in container: how will affect readiness probe since the container might have a lock until some arbitrary condition is met if you implement with prestart hook. there has to be some compensation on when kubelet runs readiness/liveness probes if you have a hook. Systemd has timeouts around the stages of process lifecycle.
- if we go to black box model of container pre-start makes sense; if container spec becomes more descriptive of process model like systemd, then does kubelet need to know more about process model to do the right thing.
- ideally msg from inside the container to say i've done all of my pre-start actions. sdnotify for systemd does this. you tell systemd that you're done, it will communicate to other deps that you're alive.
- but... someone could just implement preconds inside their container. makes it easier to adapt an app w/o having to change their image. alternative is just have a pattern how they do it themselves but we don't do it for them. | https://kubernetes.io/blog/2015/04/weekly-kubernetes-community-hangout_11/ | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | refinedweb | 1,742 | 74.19 |
This tutorial is part 3 of 3 in this series.
An Express application is most often used as backend application in a client-server architecture whereas the client could be written in React.js or another popular frontend solution and the server could be written in Express. Both entities result in a client-server architecture (frontend and backend relationship) whereas the backend would be needed for (A) business logic that shouldn't be exposed as source code to the frontend application -- otherwise it would be accessible in the browser -- or for (B) establishing connections to third-party data sources (e.g. database(s)).
However, don't mistake client application always for frontend and server application always for backend here. These terms cannot be exchanged that easily. Whereas a frontend application is usually something seen in the browser, a backend usually performs business logic that shouldn't be exposed in a browser and often connects to a database as well.
Frontend -> Backend -> Database
But, in contrast, the terms client and server are a matter of perspective. A backend application (Backend 1) which consumes another backend application (Backend 2) suddenly becomes a client application for the latter server application (Backend 2). However, the same backend application (Backend 1) is still the server for another client application which is the frontend application (Frontend).
Frontend -> Backend 1 -> Backend 2 -> Database// Frontend: Client of Backend 1// Backend 1: Server for Frontend, also Client of Backend 2// Backend 2: Server for Backend 1
If you want to answer the client-server question if someone asks you what role the entity plays in a client-server architecture, always ask yourself who (server) is serving whom (client) and who (client) consumes whom's (backend) functionalities?
That's the theory behind client-server architectures and how to relate to them. Let's get more practical again. How do client and server applications communicate with each other? Over the years, there existed a few popular communication interfaces (APIs) between both entities. However, the most popular one is called REST defined in 2000 by Roy Fielding. It's an architecture that leverages the HTTP protocol to enable communication between a client and a server application. A server application that offers a REST API is also called a RESTful server. Servers that don't follow the REST architecture a 100% are rather called RESTish than RESTful. In the following, we are going to implement such REST API for our Express server application, but first let's get to know the tooling that enables us to interact with a REST API.
cURL for REST APIs
If you haven't heard about cURL, this section gives you a short excursus about what's cURL and how to use it to interact with (REST) APIs. The definition taken from Wikipedia says: "cURL [...] is a computer software project providing a library and command-line tool for transferring data using various protocols." Since REST is an architecture that uses HTTP, a server that exposes a RESTful API can be consumed with cURL, because HTTP is one of the various protocols.
First, let's install it one the command line. For now, the installation guide is for MacOS users, but I guess by looking up "curl for windows" online, you will find the setup guide for your desired OS (e.g. Windows) too. In this guide, we will use Homebrew to install it. If you don't have Homebrew, install it with the following command on the command line:
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL)"
If you haven't heard about Homebrew, read more about it over here. Next, install cURL with Homebrew:
brew install curl
Now, start your Express server from the previous sections. Once your application is started, execute
curl in another command line window. Make sure the port matches your port and the Express server is running. After executing the command, you should see the "Hello World!" printed on the command line. Congratulations, you just have consumed your Express server as a client with something else than a browser.
Browser (Client) -> Express ServerCommand Line Tool (Client with cURL) -> Express Server
Whether you access your Express application on in the browser or via the command line with cURL, you should see the same result. Both tools act as clients whereas the Express application is your server. You will see in the next sections how to use cURL to verify your Express application's REST API, that we are going to implement together, on the command line instead of in the browser.
Express Routes: HTTP Methods and REST Operations
Express is a perfect choice for a server when it comes to creating and exposing APIs (e.g. REST API, GraphQL API) to communicate as a client with your server application. Previously you have already implemented one Express route, which sends a "Hello World!", that you have accessed via the browser and cURL on the command line. Let's set up more routes to accommodate a RESTful API for your Express application eventually. Add the following routes to your Express application whereas the URI itself doesn't change, but the method used from your Express application:
import 'dotenv/config';...import express from 'express';const app = express();...app.get('/', (req, res) => {return res.send('Received a GET HTTP method');});app.post('/', (req, res) => {return res.send('Received a POST HTTP method');});app.put('/', (req, res) => {return res.send('Received a PUT HTTP method');});app.delete('/', (req, res) => {return res.send('Received a DELETE HTTP method');});app.listen(process.env.PORT, () =>console.log(`Example app listening on port ${process.env.PORT}!`),);
Now start your Express server on the command line again, if it isn't running already, and execute four cURL commands in another command line window. You should see the following output for the commands:
curl-> Received a GET HTTP methodcurl -X POST-> Received a POST HTTP methodcurl -X PUT-> Received a PUT HTTP methodcurl -X DELETE-> Received a DELETE HTTP method
By default cURL will use a HTTP GET method. However, you can specify the HTTP method with the
-X flag (or
--request flag). Depending on the HTTP method you are choosing, you will access different routes of your Express application -- which here represent only a single API endpoint with an URI so far. You will see later other additions that you can add to your cURL requests.
That's one of the key aspects of REST: It uses HTTP methods to perform operations on URI(s). Often these operations are referred to as CRUD operations for create, read, update, and delete operations. Next you will see on what these operations are used on the URIs (resources).
Express Routes: URIs and Resources
Another important aspect of REST is that every URI acts as a resource. So far, you have only operated on the root URI with your CRUD operations. It's doesn't really represent a resource in REST. In contrast, a resource could be a user resource, for example:
...app.get('/users', (req, res) => {return res.send('GET HTTP method on user resource');});app.post('/users', (req, res) => {return res.send('POST HTTP method on user resource');});app.put('/users', (req, res) => {return res.send('PUT HTTP method on user resource');});app.delete('/users', (req, res) => {return res.send('DELETE HTTP method on user resource');});...
With cURL on your command line, you can go through the resource represented by one URI with different operations by using the API endpoint again. You will see a similar output as before, but this time you are operating on a user resource. One piece is missing to make the PUT HTTP method (update operation) and DELETE HTTP method (delete operation) RESTful from a URI's point of view:
...app.get('/users', (req, res) => {return res.send('GET HTTP method on user resource');});app.post('/users', (req, res) => {return res.send('POST HTTP method on user resource');});app.put('/users/:userId', (req, res) => {return res.send(`PUT HTTP method on user/${req.params.userId} resource`,);});app.delete('/users/:userId', (req, res) => {return res.send(`DELETE HTTP method on user/${req.params.userId} resource`,);});...
In order to delete or update a user resource, you would need to know the exact user. That's where unique identifiers are used in programming. In our Express routes, we can assign unique identifiers with parameters in the URI. Then the callback function holds the parameter in the request object's parameters. Try again a cURL operation on
/users/1,
/users/2 or another identifier with a DELETE or UPDATE HTTP method and verify that the identifier shows up in the command line as output.
Making sense of REST
You may be still wondering: What value brings the combination of URIs and HTTP methods -- which make up the majority of the REST philosophy -- to my application?
Let's imagine we wouldn't just return a result, as we do at the moment, but would act properly on the received operation instead. For instance, the Express server could be connected to a database that stores user entities in a user table. Now, when consuming the REST API as a client (e.g. cURL, browser, or also a React.js application), you could retrieve all users from the database with a HTTP GET method on the
/users URI or, on the same resource, create a new user with a HTTP POST method.
// Making sense of the NamingExpress Route's Method <=> HTTP Method <=> REST OperationExpress Route's Path <=> URI <=> REST Resource
Suddenly you would be able to read and write data from and to a database from a client application. Everything that makes it possible is a backend application which enables you to write a interface (e.g. REST API) for CRUD operations.
Client -> REST API -> Server -> Database
Whereas it's important to notice that the REST API belongs to the server application. You can take this always one step further by having multiple server applications offering REST APIs. Often you they come with the name microservices or web services whereas each server application offers a well-encapsulated functionality. The servers even don't have to use the same programming language, because they are communicating over a programming language agnostic interface. Also the interfaces (APIs) doesn't have to be necessary REST API.
-> REST API -> Server -> GraphQL API -> Server -> DatabaseClient-> REST API -> Server -> Database
Let's take everything we learned in theory, so far, one step further towards a real application by sending real data across the wire. The data will be sample data, which will not come from a database yet, but will be hardcoded in the source code instead:
...let users = {1: {id: '1',username: 'Robin Wieruch',},2: {id: '2',username: 'Dave Davids',},};let messages = {1: {id: '1',text: 'Hello World',userId: '1',},2: {id: '2',text: 'By World',userId: '2',},};...
Next to the user entities, we will have message entities too. Both entities are related to each other by providing the necessary information as identifiers (e.g. a message has a message creator). That's how a message is associated with a user and how you would retrieve the data from a database, too, whereas each entity (user, message) has a dedicated database table. Both are represented as objects that can be accessed by identifiers.
Let's start by providing two routes for reading the whole list of users and a single user by identifier:
...let users = { ... };let messages = { ... };app.get('/users', (req, res) => {return res.send(Object.values(users));});app.get('/users/:userId', (req, res) => {return res.send(users[req.params.userId]);});app.listen(process.env.PORT, () =>console.log(`Example app listening on port ${process.env.PORT}!`),);
Whereas we pick a user from the object by identifier for the single users route, we transform the user object to a list of users for the all users route. The same should be possible for the message resource:
...let users = { ... };let messages = { ... };...app.get('/messages', (req, res) => {return res.send(Object.values(messages));});app.get('/messages/:messageId', (req, res) => {return res.send(messages[req.params.messageId]);});app.listen(process.env.PORT, () =>console.log(`Example app listening on port ${process.env.PORT}!`),);
Try out all four routes with cURL on the command line yourself. That's only about reading data. Next, we will discuss the other CRUD operations to create, update and delete resources to actually write data. However, we will not get around a custom Express middleware and a Express middleware provided by the Express ecosystem. That's why we will discuss the subject of the Express middleware next while implementing the missing CRUD operations.
Express Middleware
Let's see how a scenario for creating a message could be implemented in our Express application. Since we are creating a message without a database ourselves, we need a helper library to generate unique identifiers for us. Install this helper library on the command line:
npm install uuid
Next import it at the top of your src/index.js file:
import uuidv4 from 'uuid/v4';
Now, create a message with a new route that uses a HTTP POST method:
...app.post('/messages', (req, res) => {const id = uuidv4();const message = {id,};messages[id] = message;return res.send(message);});...
We generate a unique identifier for the message with the new library, use it as property in a message object, assign the message by identifier in the messages object -- which is our pseudo database --, and return the new message after it has been created.
However, something is missing for the message. In order to create a message, a client has to provide the
text string for the message. Fortunately a A HTTP POST method makes it possible to send data as payload in a body. That's why we can use the incoming request (
req) to extract a payload from it.
...app.post('/messages', (req, res) => {const id = uuidv4();const message = {id,text: req.body.text,};messages[id] = message;return res.send(message);});...
Accessing the payload of an HTTP POST request is now provided within Express in version 4.16.0+. Express exposes this built-in middleware (based on (body-parser) under the covers) to transform two of the body types we might receive - json, and urlencoded.
We can use the built-in middleware like so:
...import express from 'express';const app = express();...app.use(express.json());app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true }));...
This extracts the entire body portion of an incoming request stream and makes it accessible on
req.body (Source):
express.json(): Parses the text as JSON and exposes the resulting object on req.body.
express.urlencoded(): Parses the text as URL encoded data (which is how browsers tend to send form data from regular forms set to POST) and exposes the resulting object (containing the keys and values) on req.body.
Now the body with the message's text is accessible in the request whether it is send by a regular POST request or a POST request from a HTML form. Both ways should work now. All data should be received and send as JSON payload now. That's another aspect of REST, which itself is no opinionated about the payload format (JSON, XML), but once you have chosen a format, you should stick to it for your entire API.
In the last steps we have installed a new Express middleware and made it available on an application-level. Each request that arrives at one of our Express routes goes through the middleware. Therefore, all data send by a client to our server is available in the incoming request. Try it by creating a message yourself. In a cURL request you can specify HTTP headers with the
-H flag -- that's how we are saying we want to transfer JSON -- and data as payload with the
-d flag. You should be able to create messages this way:
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d '{"text":"Hi again, World"}'
So far, we have only imported third-party Express middleware and have used it on an application-level. Now, let's build a custom Express middleware, which is used on an application-level, ourselves. The blueprint for a middleware is similar to the Express functions we have seen before:
...app.use((req, res, next) => {// do somethingnext();});...
The next function, which is available as third argument, is called to signalize that the middleware has finished its job. This becomes more important when your middleware uses asynchronous functions. In between of the middleware function you could do anything now. We could simply
console.log() the time or do something with the request (
req) or response (
res). In our case, for creating a message, we need somehow to know who is creating the message. Let's do a simple version of a middleware that determines a pseudo "authenticated" user that is sending the request. Then it's possible to append this user as message creator to the message:
...app.use((req, res, next) => {req.me = users[1];next();});...app.post('/messages', (req, res) => {const id = uuidv4();const message = {id,text: req.body.text,userId: req.me.id,};messages[id] = message;return res.send(message);});...
Suddenly we would have access to the
me user in the request object, which is the authenticated user, in our routes. This user can be used then to be assigned as creator of the message. You can imagine how such middleware could be used later to intercept each incoming request to determine from the incoming HTTP headers whether the request comes from an authenticated user or not. If the request comes from an authenticated user, the user is propagated to every Express route to be used there. That's how the Express server can be stateless while a client always sends over the information of the currently authenticated user.
Being a stateless is another characteristic of RESTful services. After all, it should be possible to create multiple server instances to balance the incoming traffic evenly between the servers. If you heard about the term load balancing before, that's exactly what's used when having multiple servers at your disposal. That's why a server cannot keep the state (e.g. authenticated user) and the client always has to send this information along with each request. Then a server can have a middleware which takes care of the authentication on an application-level and provides the session state (e.g. authenticated user) to every route in your Express application.
Now that you have learned the essentials about application-level middleware in Express, let's implement the last routes to complete our application's routes. What about the operation to delete a message:
...app.delete('/messages/:messageId', (req, res) => {const {[req.params.messageId]: message,...otherMessages} = messages;messages = otherMessages;return res.send(message);});...
You can try it with the following cURL command:
curl -X DELETE
The Update operation on a message resource is for you to implement yourself as an exercise. I will spare it for a later section, because it quickly raises a new topic: permissions. The question: Who is allowed to edit a message? It should only be possible for the authenticated user (
me) who is the creator of the message, should it?
Last, since you have already the pseudo authenticated user at your disposal due to the application-wide middleware, you can offer a dedicated route for this resource too:
...app.get('/session', (req, res) => {return res.send(users[req.me.id]);});...
It's the first time you break the rules of being entirely RESTful, because you offer an API endpoint for a very specific feature. It will not be the first time you break the laws of REST, because most often REST is not fully implemented RESTful but rather RESTish. If you want to dive deeper into REST, you can do it by yourself. HATEOAS and other REST related topics are not covered in detail and implemented here.
Modular Models in Express as Data Sources
At the moment, all of our implementation sits in the src/index.js file. However, at some point you may want to modularize your implementation details and put them into dedicated files and folders whereas the src/index.js file should only care about putting everything together and starting the application. Before we dive into modularizing the routing, let's see how we can modularize our sample data in so called models first. From your src/ folder type the following commands to create a folder/file structure for the models.
mkdir modelscd modelstouch index.js
The models folder in an Express application is usually the place where you define your data sources. In our case, it's the sample data, but in other applications, for instance, it would be the interfaces to the database. In our case of refactoring this, let's move our sample data over to the new src/models/index.js file:
let users = {1: {id: '1',username: 'Robin Wieruch',},2: {id: '2',username: 'Dave Davids',},};let messages = {1: {id: '1',text: 'Hello World',userId: '1',},2: {id: '2',text: 'By World',userId: '2',},};export default {users,messages,};
Remove the sample data afterward in the src/index.js file. Also import the models in the src/index.js file now and pass them in our custom application-level middleware to all routes via a dedicated context object. That's where the
me user (authenticated) user can be placed as well. You don't need necessarily the context object as container, but I found it a good practice to keep everything that is passed to the routes at one place.
...import models from './models';const app = express();...app.use((req, res, next) => {req.context = {models,me: models.users[1],};next();});...
Then, instead of having access to the sample data in all routes from outside variables as before -- which is an unnecessary side-effect and doesn't keep the function pure --, we want to use the models (and authenticated user) from the function's arguments now.
...app.get('/session', (req, res) => {return res.send(req.context.models.users[req.context.me.id]);});app.get('/users', (req, res) => {return res.send(Object.values(req.context.models.users));});app.get('/users/:userId', (req, res) => {return res.send(req.context.models.users[req.params.userId]);});app.get('/messages', (req, res) => {return res.send(Object.values(req.context.models.messages));});app.get('/messages/:messageId', (req, res) => {return res.send(req.context.models.messages[req.params.messageId]);});app.post('/messages', (req, res) => {const id = uuidv4();const message = {id,text: req.body.text,userId: req.context.me.id,};req.context.models.messages[id] = message;return res.send(message);});app.delete('/messages/:messageId', (req, res) => {const {[req.params.messageId]: message,...otherMessages} = req.context.models.messages;req.context.models.messages = otherMessages;return res.send(message);});...
We are using the application-wide middleware to pass the models to all our routes in a context object now. The models are living outside of the src/index.js file and can be refactored to actual database interfaces later. Next, since we made the routing independent from all side-effects and pass everything needed to them via the request object with the context object, we can move the routes to separated places too.
Modular Routing with Express Router
So far, you have mounted routes directly on the Express application instance in the src/index.js file. This will become verbose eventually, because this file should only care about all the important topics to start our application. It shouldn't reveal implementation details of the routes. Now the best practice would be to move the routes into their dedicated folder/file structure. That's why we want to give each REST resource their own file in a dedicated folder. From your src/ folder, type the following on the command line to create a folder/file structure for the modular routes:
mkdir routescd routestouch index.js session.js user.js message.js
Then, assumed the routes would be already defined, import the all the modular routes in the src/index.js file and use them to mount them as modular routes. Each modular route receives a URI which in REST is our resource.
...import routes from './routes';const app = express();...app.use('/session', routes.session);app.use('/users', routes.user);app.use('/messages', routes.message);...
In our src/routes/index.js entry file to the routes module, import all routes form their dedicated files (that are not defined yet) and export them as an object. Afterward, they are available in the src/index.js file as we have already used them.
import session from './session';import user from './user';import message from './message';export default {session,user,message,};
Now let's implement each modular route. Start with the session route in the src/routes/session.js file which only returns the pseudo authenticated user. Express offers the Express Router to create such modular routes without mounting them directly to the Express application instance. That's how we can create modular routes at other places than the Express application, but import them later to be mounted on the Express application's instance as we already have done in a previous step.
import { Router } from 'express';const router = Router();router.get('/', (req, res) => {return res.send(req.context.models.users[req.context.me.id]);});export default router;
Next, the user route in the src/routes/user.js file. It's quite similar to the session route:
import { Router } from 'express';const router = Router();router.get('/', (req, res) => {return res.send(Object.values(req.context.models.users));});router.get('/:userId', (req, res) => {return res.send(req.context.models.users[req.params.userId]);});export default router;
Notice how we don't need to define the
/users URI (path) but only the subpaths, because we did this already in the mounting process of the route in the Express application (see src/index.js file). Next, implement the src/routes/message.js file to define the last of our modular routes:
import uuidv4 from 'uuid/v4';import { Router } from 'express';const router = Router();router.get('/', (req, res) => {return res.send(Object.values(req.context.models.messages));});router.get('/:messageId', (req, res) => {return res.send(req.context.models.messages[req.params.messageId]);});router.post('/', (req, res) => {const id = uuidv4();const message = {id,text: req.body.text,userId: req.context.me.id,};req.context.models.messages[id] = message;return res.send(message);});router.delete('/:messageId', (req, res) => {const {[req.params.messageId]: message,...otherMessages} = req.context.models.messages;req.context.models.messages = otherMessages;return res.send(message);});export default router;
Every of our modular routes from Express Router is mounted to our Express application with a dedicated URI in the src/index.js file now. The modular routes in the src/routes folder only take care of their sub paths and their implementation details while the mounting in the src/index.js file takes care of the main path and the mounted modular route that is used there. In the end, don't forget to remove all the previously used routes that we moved over to the src/routes/ folder in the src/index.js file.
Exercises:
- What's a client-server architecture?
- Read more about REST APIs and other APIs
- Read more about GraphQL as popular alternative to REST
- Read more about basic routing in Express
- Read more about advanced routing in Express
- Read more about middleware in Express
This tutorial is part 3 of 4 in this series.
This tutorial is part 3 of 4 in this series. | https://www.robinwieruch.de/node-express-server-rest-api/ | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | refinedweb | 4,575 | 56.76 |
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