BMRetriever/BMRetriever-410M
Feature Extraction • 0.4B • Updated • 147 • 2
query stringlengths 3 6.52k | positive_document sequencelengths 1 2 | negative_document sequencelengths 1 2 | prompt stringlengths 15 140 | source stringclasses 14
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Is euroSCORE a predictor of postoperative pericardial effusion following heart transplantation? | [
"Pericardial effusion is an early complication following orthotopic heart transplantation. Effusion that requires surgical intervention not only prolongs in-hospital stay but also increases early mortality rate. EuroSCORE is one of the most common methods for calculating predictive mortality in heart surgery. We pe... | [
"BACKGROUND: A prospective, multi-center study (RECON) was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes of pericardial closure using a decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) graft derived from porcine small intestinal submucosa.METHODS: Patients indicated for open cardiac surgery with pericardial closure using EC... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
what color is infected vaginal fluid | [
"1 White, cottage cheese-like or curd-like discharge is usually indicative of vaginal yeast or fungal infection. 2 Intense itching around the vulva and vagina with swelling and burning sensation are common associations. 3 Pregnant women and diabetics are more likely to suffer from a fungal vaginal infection."
] | [
"Vaginal discharge: Vaginal discharge is a fluid produced by glands in the vaginal wall and cervix that drains from the opening of the vagina. The amount and appearance of normal vaginal discharge varies throughout the menstrual cycle.",
"Implantation bleeding is unlike a regular period. Implantation spotting is ... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
what is the rotation jupiter | [
"Since Jupiter is a gas planet, it does not rotate as a solid sphere. Jupiter's equator rotates a bit faster than its polar regions at a speed of 28,273 miles/hour (about 43,000 kilometers an hour).Jupiter's day varies from 9 hours and 56 minutes around the poles to 9 hours and 50 minutes close to the equator. Answ... | [
"Jupiter revolves or orbits around the Sun once every 11.86 Earth years, or once every 4,330.6 Earth days. Jupiter travels at an average speed of 29,236 miles per hour or 47,051 kilometers per hour in its orbit around the Sun. 1 Javascript must be enabled to use Cool Cosmos.",
"The Universe Today readers are alw... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
Group of men standing next to rows of dead fish. | [
"Men are standing by the fish."
] | [
"The last train is leaving the station."
] | Given a premise, retrieve hypotheses that are entailed by the premise | nli |
Is magnitude of exercise-induced β-endorphin response associated with subsequent development of altered hypoglycemia counterregulation? | [
"β-Endorphin release in response to recurrent hypoglycemia is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure. We hypothesized that exercise-induced β-endorphin release will also result in the deterioration of subsequent hypoglycemia counterregulation and that the counterregulatory respo... | [
"Regular exercise is advocated for individuals with type 2 diabetes, without fully understanding the acute (0-72h post-exercise) glycaemic response. This study assessed post-exercise glycaemic profiles of non-exercising individuals with insulin treated type 2 diabetes, following resistance and aerobic exercise. Ran... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
how are l. reuteri strains differentiated | [
"Several biochemical and molecular methods were used for discrimination of four Lactobacillus reuteri strains isolated from goatling and lamb stomach mucosa. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-PCR method and protein analysis by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF showed to be suitable for strain discrimination whereas ITS-PCR/RF... | [
"Reducing the amount of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach by selective bacterial-bacterial cell interaction was sought as an effective and novel method for combating the stomach pathogen. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17648 was identified as a highly specific binding antagonist to H. pylori among more than 700 wild-typ... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
where is bundoora | [
"Bundoora is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 16 km north from Melbourne's Central Business District.Its local government areas are the Cities of Banyule, Darebin and Whittlesea. At the 2011 Census, Bundoora had a population of 25,709. RMIT University 's Bundoora West Campus is located at the terminus of... | [
"Narooma is a town in the Australian state of New South Wales on the far south coast. The town is on the Princes Highway. The name is said to be derived from the Aboriginal word meaning âclear blue watersâ.",
"Woonona /wÊËnuËnÉ/ is a northern suburb of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, on the northe... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
Is [ Interleukin-6 involved in the enhanced proliferation of HEK293 cells by the tumor specific antigen of HCA520 ]? | [
"To investigate the effect of tumor specific antigen of HCA520 on the proliferation of HEK293 cells and to obtain some functional implications for HCA520. MTT assay was performed with HEK293 stable cell lines transfected with pcDNA3-HCA520-flag construct. Cytokines probably involved in HCA520 enhanced proliferation... | [
"IL-6 plays a role in cancer pathogenesis via its connection to proteins involved in the formation of desmoplastic stroma and to immunosuppression by driving differentiation of myeloid suppressor cells together with TGF-â. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling in the tumor microenvironment may, thus, limit desmoplasia and m... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
what is underlayment | [
"What is roofing underlayment? Roofing underlayment is a water-resistant or waterproof barrier material that is installed directly onto your roof deck. It is applied under all other roofing materials as an added layer of protection from severe weather. There are three main types of roofing underlayment: Asphalt-sat... | [
"What is 'Underwriting'. Underwriting is the process by which investment bankers raise investment capital from investors on behalf of corporations and governments that are issuing either equity or debt securities.",
"Loading the player... Underwriting is the process by which investment bankers raise investment ca... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
is a giant penile cancer rare | [
"Primary penile cancer is a rare malignant disease. In most cases, it presents as a clinically obvious lesion leading to early diagnosis in most patients. However, even in developed Countries, it carries a significant social stigma leading to diagnosis at locally advanced stages in a non-negligible proportion of pa... | [
"AIM: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) and glioblastoma (GB) are rare malignant tumors that develop especially in the elderly. The aim of our paper is to present two patients diagnosed and treated for a cerebral GB developed after a prior pSCC and to discuss the possible mechanism of their association.PATIENTS... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
A woman outside on a street wearing a yellow shirt and sunglasses. | [
"There is a woman wearing sunglasses."
] | [
"The woman is working inside of a restaraunt."
] | Given a premise, retrieve hypotheses that are entailed by the premise | nli |
Child sexual abuse: is it a risk factor for pregnancy? | [
"Studies examining the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse have delineated diverse psychological, cognitive, and social difficulties in adult survivors that often manifest somatically. A random sample of 1835 mid-pregnant Jewish women was recruited in Israel over an 18-month period in 2005-2007. Participant... | [
"To examine the association between lacking a primary care provider and child abuse. We conducted a secondary data analysis of 1462 children aged</=19 years presenting for suspected physical/sexual abuse to a child advocacy center (CAC) at an academic medical center. Children were stratified by age. The key indepen... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
what does abatement mean in architure | [
"DEFINITION of 'Abatement'. A reduction in the level of taxation faced by an individual or company. Examples of an abatement include a tax decrease, a reduction in penalties or a rebate.If an individual or business overpays its taxes or receives a tax bill that is too high, it can request an abatement from the tax ... | [
"An asbestos abatement contractor performs abatement, including containment, encapsulation, or removal, and disposal of asbestos containing construction materials, as defined in Section 6501.8 of the Labor Code, in and on buildings and structures.",
"Battement: (French) In ballet, the beating of either a stretche... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
how much does an application developer make | [
"The computers systems design industry employs the largest number of web developers with 64,670 jobs at an average annual pay of $85,430, according to the BLS."
] | [
"How much does a Java Developer make? The median annual Java Developer salary is $87,037, as of March 31, 2017, with a range usually between $73,672-$98,131, however this can vary widely depending on a variety of factors.",
"The survey of design salaries for 2011 makes a distinction between web developer and web ... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
Is pROX1 a predictor of survival for gliomas WHO grade II? | [
"The clinical course of World Health Organisation grade II gliomas remains variable and their time point of transformation into a more malignant phenotype is unpredictable. Identification of biological markers that can predict prognosis in individual patients is of great clinical value. PROX1 is a transcription fac... | [
"Glioblastomas are the most common central nervous system neoplasia in adults, with 9,000 cases in the US annually. Glioblastoma multiformae, the most aggressive glioma subtype, has an 18% one-year survival rate, and 3% two year survival rate. Recent work has highlighted the role of the transcription factor RE1 Sil... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
Under what circumstances would azeotrope exist in non ideal solutions? (when would the dew point curve and the bubble point curve meet?) [solved. For anyone who's interested in this topic, please view MaxW's comment under his/her answer. A thousand thanks to Poutnik and MaxW.]
I looked up several books on thermodynamic... | [
"Azeotropes do not exist for all non-ideal solvent solutions. All solvent solutions are more or less non-ideal, but not all solvent combinations form azeotropes. \n\nE.g. ethanol and isopropanol form azeotropes with water, but methanol does not.\n\nAzeotropes exist if there is large enough deviation from the Raoult... | [
"There are two show stoppers :\n\n\n$\\ce{HCl}$ is strong acid, $\\ce{CH3COOH}$ is weak acid. The reaction is practically completely shifted toward acetic acid and sodium chloride. Especially if acetic acid is diluted.\n$\\ce{HCl}$ forms azeotrope with water with the maximal boiling point near 20% $\\ce{HCl}$. If y... | Given a medical question from the stackexchange, retrieve replies that best answer the question | exchange |
which is closest to earth | [
"VENUS is the closest planet to Earth. However, its proximity to our planet depends on the orbits of both. The two planets travel in ellipses around the sun, and so the distance between them is constantly changing. At its farthest, Venus lies 261 million kilometers away. This is when the Sun is between Venus and Ea... | [
"The sun is the closest star to the earth which probably explains why it's one of the biggest star that we are able to see with our naked eyes. The sun is only a mere 150 million km from earth unlike the second closest star to earth which is Proxima Centaura being about 4.2 light years away.",
"1 vote Vote for th... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
Does clinical outcome in pediatric glial and embryonal brain tumors correlate with in vitro multi-passageable neurosphere formation? | [
"Cultured brain tumors can form neurospheres harboring tumorigenic cells with self renewal and differentiation capacities. Renewable neurosphere formation has clinical predictive value in adult malignant gliomas, yet its prognostic role for pediatric brain tumors is unknown. Established neurosphere conditions were ... | [
"Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common primary brain tumor, is highly refractory to therapy, mainly due to its ability to form micrometastases, which are small clusters or individual cells that rapidly transverse the brain and make full surgical resection impossible. Here, it is demonstrated that the invasive ph... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
what system is the finger nails part of? | [
"And white spots or flakiness can indicate high amounts of sugar or alcohol in your diet. Your nails, as you know, are located on your fingers and your toes. They are part of the integumentary system, which includes your skin and all its accessory structures like nails, hair, sweat, and oil glands."
] | [
"A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all or any part of the finger. A friction ridge is a raised portion of the epidermis on the palmar (palm and fingers) or plantar (sole and toes) skin, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin. These ridges are sometimes known as... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
conformational entropy of fkbp12 | [
"FKBP12 (FK506 binding protein 12 kDa) is an important drug target. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) order parameters, describing amplitudes of motion on the pico- to nanosecond time scale, can provide estimates of changes in conformational entropy upon ligand binding. Here we report backbone and methyl-axis order ... | [
"Protein quality control in cardiomyocytes is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis. The accumulation of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria and misfolded proteins in the heart is associated with heart failure. During the process to identify novel mitochondria-specific autophagy (mitophagy) receptors, we fo... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
average weather conditions for dunbar, scotland | [
"Other Locations Near to Dunbar. Over the next 7 days the Dunbar forecast suggests the average daytime maximum temperature will be around 20°C, with a high for the week of 27°C expected on the afternoon of Wednesday 24th."
] | [
"Winter Wallace Monument, Stirling December, January and February are generally the coldest months in Scotland, with the average maximum temperature usually around 5°C (41°F). The average number of days with snow falling in Scotland ranges from 15 to 20 days. However, the peaks and mountains of the Highlands expe... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
explain parliamentary law | [
"A gavel often symbolizes parliamentary procedure. Parliamentary procedure is the body of rules, ethics, and customs governing meetings and other operations of clubs, organizations, legislative bodies, and other deliberative assemblies.n the United States, parliamentary procedure is also referred to as parliamentar... | [
"In a parliamentary system the prime minister is chosen by the legislature. This helps to ensure that there is some form of cooperation between the legislature and the executive. Often, it is necessary to form coalitions in the legislature in order to gain the votes needed to choose a prime minister.he majority par... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
what is the accuracy of the ihme | [
"This paper provides a formal evaluation of the predictive performance of a model (and its various updates) developed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) for predicting daily deaths attributed to COVID19 for each state in the United States. The IHME models have received extensive attention in ... | [
"An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detecting IgG antibodies to the Pitman Moore strain of rabies virus in sera from subjects immunised with HDCS vaccine. End‐point titres of antibody were determined using a pocket calculator preprogrammed to analyse absorbence values of test sera and ne... | Given a query on COVID-19, retrieve documents that answer the query | synthetic |
how long and what temp to barbecue skirtsteak on a gas grill | [
"Rip off two layers of aluminum foil, enough to wrap the skirt steaks. You'll need it as soon as the steaks come off of the grill so have it close by. Leave the skirt steak on the counter at room temperature for at least 20 minutes, up to an hour, or until the fire is ready.Light your grill and get the fire as hot ... | [
"Thanks for this Kevin, I am brining as I type. However 10 minutes x 2 is 20 minutes on a 400 degree grill and that seems a little long for steaks less than an inch thick. I see nobody complaining so I will assume this wont overcook the steaks, but even with pork I do not feel the need to cook it to well done.",
... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
what is google android os | [
"Software & Apps. Google's Android operating system is an open-source platform that's currently available on a wide variety of smartphones. Android has its advantages -- it's highly customizable, for one -- but it's also somewhat geeky software that can seem intimidating to smartphone newbies."
] | [
"Android is open source, meaning that manufacturers don't have to pay Google to use it, and that they're free to modify it. This means that it's used in a wide range of hardware varying in price from small budget phones to large-screen high-end handsets.t the time of writing, mobile phones run a variant of version ... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
what do occupational therapy | [
"What Does an Occupational Therapist Assistant Do? An occupational therapist, or OT, works with patients to improve the patients' skill levels and development in their occupational surroundings. Occupational therapists often supervise assistants, who take on certain cases or work with patients some days of the week... | [
"The goal of the occupational therapist is to help their patients to function, perform daily activities and to promote their general well-being. Occupational therapy, often abbreviated as OT, can deal with a patient's emotional, physical, psychological, oral, motor, or perceptual skills.he function of an occupation... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
why is it difficult to keep teeth for leprosy | [
"The leprosy sequelae especially the handicap of eyes and hands makes difficult to maintain the oral health status. So, leprosy sequelae patients are controlling themselves by creative and original methods. However even such efforts have hardly reached the level to stop of caries and periodontal disease. More suppo... | [
"The inflammatory cytokines involved in the immune response to chronic periodontal disease (CPD) in the context of leprosy reactions (LR) were analyzed in 57 new cases of multibacillary leprosy (MBL). They were stratified by the presence of CPD and LR. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory mediators was d... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
which information service provides market share information for an investor | [
"and complex (data variety, functionality, technology, billing). Therefore, it needs to be managed professionally. Professional market data management deals with issues such as: Financial data vendors typically also offer mobile applications that provide market data in real time to financial institutions and consum... | [
"disrupt institutional trading. An analysis of impact of ECNs on NASDAQ found “tighter spreads, greater depths, and less concentrated markets”. ECNs provide historical orders and price data to subscribers. As a result, ECNs compete through their ability to attract \"\"more informed orders\"\" during \"\"periods of ... | Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question | nq |
Does inhibition of thromboxane synthesis reduce endotoxin-induced right ventricular failure in sheep? | [
"There is a marked decrease of the right ventricular ejection fraction after the administration of a bolus of endotoxin to sheep. This hemodynamic response may be the result of thromboxane-mediated pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular function was studied in an ovine model after the administration of endotoxin... | [
"To evaluate the effects of a combination of methylene blue, an inhibitor of the nitric oxide pathway, and inhaled nitric oxide on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in awake sheep. Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. University animal laboratory. Twenty-four yearling, awake sheep. The sheep we... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
inflammatory markers that correlate with the function of fatty acids in blood | [
"There is limited evidence from epidemiological studies for the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties of fatty acids in blood cell membranes. Therefore, this study examined associations between baseline (n = 282) and 1-year (n = 143) changes in the levels of fatty acids in blood cell membranes with circulati... | [
"Obesity is associated with elevated levels of free fatty acids (FAs) and proinflammatory CD11c+ macrophages. However, whether and how free FAs contribute to CD11c+ macrophage differentiation and proinflammatory functions remain unclear. Here we report that dietary saturated FAs, but not unsaturated FAs, promoted t... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
is cisplatin toxic to newborn rats? | [
"Although cisplatin (CIS) has been associated with serious adverse effects, such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in adult rats, there is few reports on its use in newborn rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate acute toxic effects of CIS in newborn rats. Adult and newborn Wistar rats received CIS by the i.... | [
"PURPOSE: Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic drug with serious side effects such as ototoxicity which is characterized by irreversible, bilateral, progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Oxytocin, which is a well-known hormone secreting during pregnancy, has antioxidant and antiinflammatory effect. Our study ai... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
how long do elevated intraparenchymal pressures last after spinal cord injury? | [
"Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to permanent neurological impairment. Currently, the only clinically effective intervention for patients with acute SCI is surgical decompression by removal of impinging bone fragments within 24 h after injury. Recent clinical studies suggest that elevated intraparenc... | [
"STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal study.OBJECTIVES: To study prospectively pain characteristics, change in pain over time and the associations between pain and psychological functioning in adults with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).SETTING: Neurosurgical departments, SCI rehabilitation centres and the community.METHO... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
greek food festival | [
"The Holy Trinity-Holy Cross Greek Orthodox Cathedral Greek Food Festival is now the focal point for thousands from Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and Georgia who for three days experience the Greeks' legendary zest for life."
] | [
"Traditional Greek taverna, an integral part of Greek culture and cuisine. Greek cuisine is a Mediterranean cuisine. Contemporary Greek cookery makes wide use of vegetables, olive oil, grains, fish, wine, and meat (white and red, including lamb, poultry, rabbit and pork).",
"Greek cuisine is a Mediterranean cuisi... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
when does rupaul all stars season 2 start | [
"RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (season 2) The second season of \"\"\"\" premiered on the Logo network on a new night; Thursday, August 25, 2016. Returning judges included RuPaul, Michelle Visage, with Carson Kressley joining the panel, while the space previously occupied by Ross Matthews was filled by Todrick Hall. ... | [
"RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (season 3) The third season of \"\"\"\" began airing on January 25, 2018. The season was announced in August 2017, and 9 of the 10 cast members were revealed during a VH1 television special titled \"\"Exclusive Queen Ruveal,\"\" which aired on October 20, 2017. This season featured ten... | Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question | nq |
Evaluation and referral interventions have been able to get a number of emergency department and trauma center patients into alcoholism treatment. | [
"Evaluation and referral interventions have helped patients get into treatment for alcoholism."
] | [
"Evaluation and referral interventions have gotten a number of patients hooked on alcohol."
] | Given a premise, retrieve hypotheses that are entailed by the premise | nli |
what are the signs of low potassium | [
"Low Potassium Symptoms. Usually symptoms of low potassium are mild. At times the effects of low potassium can be vague. There may be more than one symptom involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, kidneys, muscles, heart, and nerves. Abnormal psychological behavior: depression, psychosis, delirium, confusion, or ... | [
"If your potassium levels are high enough to cause symptoms, you may have: 1 fatigue or weakness. 2 a feeling of numbness or tingling. 3 nausea or vomiting. problems 1 breathing. chest pain. palpitations or skipped heartbeats.",
"Blood Levels. Your blood potassium level can indicate that your potassium is l... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
when was amazon founded date | [
"Most people know Amazon.com as the worldâs largest online retailer. While this is where the company stands in todayâs day and age, it is important to note that its history dates back to when it was founded in 1994. Jeff Bezos incorporated Amazon in July 1994, with the website launching to the public a year lat... | [
"If you look at Amazon's original S-1 filing to go public in 1997, you can get a glimpse of the company's cap table at the time. The filing is here: http://www.rocketfinancial.com/F... Just prior to going public, Amazon.com's ownership was: Jeff Bezos owned 48%. Kleiner Perkins owned 17%.",
"1 Time magazine named... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
Meanwhile, Bush suffers in silence as his fund-raisers bleed the field dry. | [
"Bush in the meantime suffers in silence."
] | [
"Bush in the meantime is happy and proud."
] | Given a premise, retrieve hypotheses that are entailed by the premise | nli |
In what year was Peter Ackerman's best known movie released? | [
" Peter Ackerman (playwright) Peter Ackerman is an American playwright, actor, and screenwriter best known as a co-writer of the animated movie \"Ice Age\" for 20th Century Fox.",
" Ice Age (2002 film) Ice Age is a 2002 American computer-animated buddy comedy road film directed by Chris Wedge and co-directed by C... | [
" The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959 film) The Hound of the Baskervilles is a 1959 British gothic horror and mystery film, directed by Terence Fisher and produced by Hammer Film Productions. It is based on the novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It stars Peter Cushing as Sherlock Holmes, Sir Christop... | Given a multi-hop question, retrieve documents that can help answer the question | hotpotqa |
what are random one time hiccups caused by | [
"Hiccups Page contents Things you can try Causes When to get medical help Treatment from a GPMost people get hiccups sometimes. They should only last a few minutes – you can usually wait for them to go away or treat them yourself without seeing a GP. Things you can do yourself to stop or prevent hiccups Although ma... | [
"Hiccup (Singultus) and Causes of Hiccoughing Hiccup (Singultus) and Causes of Hiccoughing Posted by Dr. Chris Tweet What is a Hiccup? Hiccups are the repeated involuntary spasm of the diaphragm which causes a sudden intake of air. This is followed by the abrupt closure of the glottis (the vocal cords and space bet... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant documents that answer the query | msmarco_doc |
what is the humanistic burden of schizophrenia | [
"BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a debilitating disorder that often requires the affected individual to receive part- or full-time care from a caregiver.AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine the humanistic and economic burden of caring for an individual with Schizophrenia with regard to the measures of qualit... | [
"INTRODUCTION: A liberal acceptance (LA) threshold for hypotheses has been put forward to explain the well-replicated \"jumping to conclusions\" (JTC) bias in psychosis, particularly in patients with paranoid symptoms. According to this account, schizophrenia patients rest their decisions on lower subjective probab... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
Are only two-phase models , computed independently for males and females , appropriate to describe fetal head growth? | [
"To establish an accurate mathematical model describing fetal head growth, taking into account gender differences and changes in growth rate during gestation. Ultrasound measurements of head circumference and biparietal diameter were made on 1,336 normal fetuses (684 males and 652 females) in the Maternité Régional... | [
"OBJECTIVE: To examine whether changes in mortality and morbidities have benefited male more than female infants.METHODS: Infants of gestational ages 22 to 29 weeks born between January 2006 and December 2016 at a Vermont Oxford Network center in the United States were studied. We examined mortality and morbidity r... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
what are liquid aminos | [
"Liquid Aminos is a Certified NON-GMO liquid protein concentrate, derived from soybeans.Great on Salads & Dressings, Soups, Veggies, Rice & Beans, Tofu, Wok & Stir fry,Casseroles, Potatoes, Meats, Poultry, Fish, Jerky, Popcorn, Gravies & Sauces. Bragg Liquid Aminos is a healthy alternative to Soy and Tamari sauce.1... | [
"4-Aminophenol (or para-aminophenol or p-aminophenol) is the organic compound with the formula H 2 NC 6 H 4 OH. Typically available as a white powder, it is commonly used as a developer in black-and-white film, marketed under the name Rodinal.",
"Our liquid aminos does go rancid if kept out of the cupboard or out... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
what is gord gastro oesophageal reflux disease | [
"Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common condition where acid from the stomach leaks out of the stomach and up into the oesophagus (gullet)."
] | [
"Gaucher's (go-SHAYZ) disease is the result of a buildup of certain fatty substances in certain organs, particularly your spleen and liver.This causes these organs to become much larger than normal and can affect their function.n enzyme that breaks down these fatty substances doesn't work properly in people who hav... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
what does l carnosine inhibit | [
"BACKGROUND/AIM: L-Carnosine inhibits senescence of somatic cells and displays anticancer activity. Here we analyzed if L-carnosine (20 mM) retards senescence of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and inhibits progression of ovarian cancer cells.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed with primary... | [
"Since l-carnosine has shown effectiveness in improvement of cognition in patients with schizophrenia, this 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted. Sixty-three patients with chronic schizophrenia, who were clinically stable on a stable dose of risperidone, entered the study. ... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
A street performer stands on a rainy, abandoned street, on a sidewalk next to a row of parked cars. | [
"A street performer is standing on the street."
] | [
"A street performer is infront of a large crowd on a sunny day."
] | Given a premise, retrieve hypotheses that are entailed by the premise | nli |
when is a poc needed when flying | [
"The only oxygen equipment allowed on an airplane is the portable oxygen concentrator (POC). If you need oxygen in flight, you must take a portable oxygen concentrator with you, and , you must let your airline know ahead of time. They may require a doctorâs letter to verify the need for the POC on the plane."
] | [
"Baggage that is missing or delayed should be reported in person prior to leaving the airport. This notification should take place no later than 24 hours after the arrival of the flight on which the bag was checked. For maximum baggage weight and size restrictions see the Checked Baggage policy.",
"Two medical at... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
What is the recommended PPM when foliar feeding L-amino acids It is said that L-amino acids such as histidine, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine and glutamine can revert plant stomata closure, increase quality of fruits and assist maturity. It is also said that the best way to apply is through foliar... | [
"I know that some of the amino acids you listed are commonly found in fish fertilizer. I haven't read any studies on the use of these amino acids individually and not sure where you would purchase them separately. If you're just experimenting in your own garden I would just use fish fertilizer according to the labe... | [
"Theres choline, but hey why not calculate it yourself? I can't share a website that does no sell anything too often it seems,but you will find on my profile.\n\nThe nutritional database are from Usda and websites transform their data with % value and tools to calculate total nutrient amount of selected foods.\n\nF... | Given a medical question from the stackexchange, retrieve replies that best answer the question | exchange |
what mixture is fai rc fuel | [
"(June 2016) Glow fuel is a fuel source used in model engines â generally the same or similar fuels can be used in model airplanes, helicopters, cars and boats. Glow fuel can be burned by very simple two-stroke engines or by more complicated four-stroke engines, and these engines can provide impressive amounts of... | [
"No.3 Jet Fuel is the main Chinese grade which is essentially identical to Jet A-1. grade is now covered by a separate specification ASTM D 6615). A recent development for jet fuels is the approval of alternative blend components. some renewable bio-routes, are covered by a new specification, ASTM D7566.",
"Using... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
the weather in italy in december | [
"Report Abuse Italy in December will be chilly, could be rainy and will have short days. I think cities are better in that situation because you can spend time inside of museums, churches, etc, if the weather is bad and outside during nice weather."
] | [
"Averages for Palermo in December. Weather Lowdown. By the end of the year, the crowds have thinned greatly and the temperatures in Palermo have dropped. Even with the cooler temperatures, this is a great time of the year to visit, as youâll still get warmer temperatures than most of Europe gets this time of the ... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
Is suberythemogenic narrow-band UVB markedly more effective than conventional UVB in treatment of psoriasis vulgaris? | [
"Narrow-band UVB (NB-UVB) is a new phototherapy option for psoriasis. Action spectrum studies previously done with different UVB wavelengths suggest that suberythemogenic doses of NB-UVB could be highly effective in treating psoriasis vulgaris. Even so, no comparative studies with suberythemogenic doses of NB versu... | [
"Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is a self-limiting papulosquamous disease that may persist for years and is associated with a high relapse rate. To date, few comparative studies have investigated the efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy and other therapies in the treatment of PL. The present stud... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
what are the serum levels of retinol in women | [
"BACKGROUND: The progression of the cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is associated with many cofactors, and nutritional aspects are gradually assuming an important role in understanding the physiopathogenesis.OBJECTIVE: To assess the serum levels of retinol in women from a poor region of Brazil with a... | [
"Recent epidemiological studies show that antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids might be beneficial to the maintenance of bone health. Recently, we found that serum carotenoids were inversely associated with the risk of developing osteoporosis in post-menopausal Japanese female subjects. However, little is known abo... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
Anterior tributaries of the portal vein at the superior margin of the pancreas: is "tunneling" procedure safe during pancreatic surgery? | [
"It is widely believed that using the \"tunneling\" procedure during pancreatoduodenectomy is a safe maneuver because the anterior tributaries of the portal vein (PV) are absent or very rare. The head of the pancreas with the duodenum and the common bile duct (CBD) was obtained from 22 autopsy cases. Three colors o... | [
"In recent years, many advances in pancreatic surgery have been achieved. Nevertheless, the rate of pancreatic fistula following pancreatic tail resection does not differ between various techniques, still reaching up to 30% in prospective multicentric studies. Taking into account contradictory results concerning th... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
do mitochondrial defects cause hif1 production | [
"Mitochondria are the main consumers of molecular O2 in a cell as well as an abundant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both, molecular oxygen and ROS are powerful regulators of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1-subunit (HIF-). While a number of mechanisms in the oxygen-dependent HIF- regulation are quite well ... | [
"BACKGROUND & AIMS: We previously described in cirrhosis and aging, both conditions of IGF-1 deficiency, a clear hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction with increased oxidative damage. In both conditions, the hepatic mitochondrial function was improved with low doses of IGF-1. The aim of this work was to explore if the ... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
who is the cnp | [
"The Council for National Policy (CNP), is an umbrella organization and networking group for social conservativeactivists in the United States."
] | [
"Who We Are. Who We Are. Community Network Services, Inc. (CNS) is a private non-profit human services agency that provides comprehensive behavioral health services. CNS offers a wide spectrum of community-based support services. Delivered by bachelor- and master-level counselors and psychologists.",
"Computer ne... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
what is a polymorphous sweat gland | [
"Polymorphous sweat gland carcinoma is an uncommon low-grade malignant adnexal tumor with a marked predilection for the distal extremities. Histologically, the lesions are characterized by a cellular proliferation showing a combination of growth patterns, including trabecular, solid, tubular, cribriform, or adenoid... | [
"Sweating is an important physiological process to regulate body temperature in humans, and various disorders are associated with dysregulated sweat formation. Primary sweat secretion in human eccrine sweat glands involves Ca(2+) -activated Cl(-) channels (CaCC). Recently, members of the TMEM16 family were identifi... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
hi, im female 28 years old... im on venlafaxine its been almost a year knnow.. and i just found out im pregnant i must be one month along and im so scared that this pills will hurt my baby i dont know what to do pls help me can i stay on venlafaxine i have bad anxiety or do i have to stop pls help me tks | [
"Venlafaxine has been shown to be associated with lung complications in the newborn when used in pregnancy. However, stoppage of this medication also can lead to relapse of depression. Therefore, you should discuss with your neurophysician as to the appropriate management to be undertaken. Do not start or stop t... | [
"If you do not want this pregnancy because your child is very young, you may go for termination of pregnancy by Tab. Mifepristone and Tab. Bisoprolol. These medicines are not over the counter medicines. They should be taken by an Obstetricians prescription and advice only. They are very safe and effective medi... | Given a question with context from online medical forums, retrieve responses that best answer the question | dialogue |
Is high-dose antioxidant administration associated with a reduction in post-injury complications in critically ill trauma patients? | [
"We recently demonstrated a high-dose antioxidant (AO) protocol was associated with reduction in mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of AO on organ dysfunction and infectious complications following injury. High-dose AO protocol: ascorbic acid 1000 mg q 8 h, alpha-tocopherol 1000 IU q 8 ... | [
"Benefits of high ratios of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to packed red blood cells (pRBC) in massively transfused trauma patients have been reported previously. This study aimed to assess the effect of higher FFP:pRBC ratios on outcome in patients receiving less than massive transfusion during acute trauma care. The m... | Given a question, retrieve relevant Pubmed passages that answer the question | qa_pairs |
is tbhq good for heat loss | [
"The rules and patterns of thermal losses of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in palm oil (PO) and its effect on the qualities of PO were investigated by oven heating method. Volatilization and transformation products of TBHQ in PO were also studied in detail under heating treatment. Results showed that at low tem... | [
"This study demonstrates that 20-100 GHz range can be used for spatially-accurate focusing of heating inside the skin achieved by varying frequency and exposure beam size, as well as by enforcing air convection. The latter is also used to reduce overheating of skin surface. Heating at different skin depths dependin... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
what time zone is minneapolis in now | [
"What time zone is Minnesota in? Minnesota is in the Central Time Zone in the United States of America (USA). US Central Standard Time ( CST ) is 6 hours behind Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT-6 )."
] | [
"Daylight Saving Time: Starts On March 11, 2018 at 02:00 AM Set your clock ahead 1 hour. Ends On November 4, 2018 at 02:00 AM Set your clock back 1 hour. Receive DST reminders for Minnesota, United States via email.",
"Yes, Georgia is in the Eastern Time Zone and Minnesota is in the Central Time Zone; one hour di... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
what are the four modalities of a clerkship | [
"Phenomenon: The call component of clerkship presents students with unique opportunities and challenges. Clerkship programs employ various call modalities, including traditional call, night float, and evening call. The impact of these call models on the student experience has not been explored in depth. Approach: F... | [
"The elderly are the most vulnerable to adverse events during and after hospitalization. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a curriculum on patient safety and transitions of care for medical students during an Internal Medicine-Geriatrics Clerkship on students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The ... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
cost of routine vl monitoring | [
"BACKGROUND: The cost-effectiveness of routine viral load (VL) monitoring of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) depends on various factors that differ between settings and across time. Low-cost point-of-care (POC) tests for VL are in development and may make routine VL monitoring affordable in re... | [
"BACKGROUND: Vitamin-K antagonists (VKAs) present an effective anticoagulant treatment in deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, the use of VKAs is limited because of the risk of bleeding and the necessity of frequent and long-term laboratory monitoring. Therefore, new oral anticoagulant drugs (NOACs) such as dabig... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
what was the first 24 hours of a fixed preoperative appliance in patients with cleft palate | [
"OBJECTIVE: To examine physiologic and behavioral indicators of pain within the first 24 hours following insertion of the fixed presurgical orthopedic appliance (FPOA) under general anesthesia in infants with unilateral and bilateral complete cleft lip and palate.METHODS: The study sample included 109 infants who h... | [
"Objective: To explore the application value of Furlow palatoplasty in reconstruction of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after cleft palate surgery.Methods: Between August 2015 and January 2017, 48 patients with VPI after cleft palate surgery were treated with Furlow palatoplasty. There were 29 males and 19 fema... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
It came quite as a surprise to Wells, and to John Cavendish also. | [
"Wells was very surprised."
] | [
"Wells wasn't surprised at all."
] | Given a premise, retrieve hypotheses that are entailed by the premise | nli |
is ceritinib a krca inhibitor | [
"Ceritinib, an ALK inhibitor, was hurriedly approved by the US FDA last year, and demonstrates impressive results in EML4-ALK positive patients. To get a superior ALK inhibitor, we synthesized several ceritinib derivatives with minor modifications to the phenylpiperidine moiety. Biochemical and cellular assays demo... | [
"BACKGROUND: We report the re-biopsied diagnosis of a patient with anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)-positive lung adenocarcinoma successfully treated with ceritinib 450mg/day taken with food following disease progression and gastrointestinal intolerance to crizotinib.CASE PRESENTATION: A 74-year o... | Given a question, retrieve Pubmed passages that answer the question | synthetic |
weather in rio in carnival | [
"February is the busiest (and the warmest, with an average temperature of 27°C) time of year in Rio de Janeiro, as the city welcomes the Rio Carnival. This is arguably the most well-known carnival in the world, as well as the biggest with no fewer than two million people joining in the celebrations on each of the ... | [
"Rio Carnival starts on Friday and ends on Wednseday, as well as Brazilian Carnival.[1] Therefore, it lasts six days. If youâre asking about the Parade of the Samba Schools in Rio, it lasts only two days, usually 3th and 4th days of Carnival (Sunday and Monday).",
"Rio Carnival starts on Friday and ends on Wed... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
what is the definition of empty set. | [
"Definition of Empty Set. An Empty Set is a set with no elements. It can be symbolized by {} or ø. The solution set for an equation that has no solution is also called an empty set.It is also called a null set. A = {2, 6, 8} and B = {3, 5, 7}. Let C represent the intersection of the sets A and B. C = {}, a null se... | [
"Nonempty Set. A nonempty set is a set containing one or more elements. Any set other than the empty set is therefore a nonempty set. Nonempty sets are sometimes also called nonvoid sets (Graetzer grätzer, 1971. p). 6 a nonempty set containing a single element is called a singleton. set",
"Let X be a non-empty s... | Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query | msmarco |
A young lady with blue pants and shirt is taking a picture. | [
"a young lady is taking a picture"
] | [
"the young lady is taking a nice bath"
] | Given a premise, retrieve hypotheses that are entailed by the premise | nli |
what was the first british colony in north america | [
"British colonization of the Americas British colonization of the Americas (including colonization by both the English and the Scots) began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia, and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the Americas. The English, and later the British, were among the most importa... | [
"attention shifted from preying on other nations' colonial infrastructures to the business of establishing its own overseas colonies. The British Empire began to take shape during the early 17th century, with the English settlement of North America and the smaller islands of the Caribbean, and the establishment of ... | Given a question, retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question | nq |
Two guys, one wearing a blue jacket and the other wearing a red jersey play the trumpet together. | [
"Two men are playing trumpets together."
] | [
"A group of women are dancing outside."
] | Given a premise, retrieve hypotheses that are entailed by the premise | nli |
man jogging on a road, in front of a big unfinished building. | [
"The man is outside."
] | [
"A woman jogs."
] | Given a premise, retrieve hypotheses that are entailed by the premise | nli |
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