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The study aimed to prospectively evaluate the outcomes of conservative and surgical treatments for chalazion provided by medical and nursing staff. Over a five-month recruitment period, all patients attending a district general eye hospital for chalazion treatment were included. A total of 129 patients, accounting for ... |
The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lignocaine 2% gel as an anaesthetic agent for chalazion surgery. A total of 57 subjects aged 12 years or older, requiring incision and curettage for chalazion, were recruited for a randomised controlled clinical trial. Participants were divided into two groups, with one ... |
The operated eye was pressure patched for a short duration until haemostasis was achieved. Once good haemostasis was confirmed, the eye was padded with antibiotic ointment for a day. Pain experienced during incision and curettage was assessed immediately after the operation while the eye was still padded. Pain from the... |
The use of randomisation in medical procedures can help reduce or eliminate any known or unknown confounders, including variations among surgeons. In the context of chalazion surgery, patient feedback has provided valuable insights into reducing discomfort during the procedure. Whether gel or injection anaesthesia is u... |
Purulent tenonitis is an uncommon condition and its occurrence as a complication of a chalazion is extremely rare. A case was reported involving a 21-year-old laborer who presented with an infected chalazion on the medial third of the right lower eyelid. Initial treatment included chloramphenicol ointment, hot bathing,... |
A 12-year-old boy presented with a 3-day history of increasing redness, swelling, and pain around his right eye. His visual acuity was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Pupils and fundi were normal in both eyes. He had limited extraocular motility in his right eye secondary to pain and mild exophthalmos... |
Orbital cellulitis is an infection involving the deep soft tissues around the eyeball and posterior to the orbital septum. Infection anterior to the septum is known as preseptal cellulitis. More than 90% of orbital cellulitis cases are due to direct extension of acute or chronic bacterial sinusitis. Typically, infectio... |
Orbital cellulitis is a serious condition that can lead to severe complications such as orbital apex syndrome or cavernous sinus thrombosis. These complications can result in blindness, cranial nerve palsies, brain abscesses, and even death. It is crucial to investigate and treat suspected cases of orbital cellulitis a... |
Metastatic disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid lesions. A thorough medical history is crucial in cases of persistent eyelid swelling. Even with a history of an atypical primary tumor, such as pleural mesothelioma, histopathological examination is necessary if lesions do not respond to t... |
A 37-year-old female patient presented with a lesion in the right upper eyelid that had been growing for a year. Initially diagnosed as a chalazion, the lesion recurred after incision and curettage. The lesion was a 5×5 mm red, smooth, solid nodule near the upper lid margin, not painful to touch. Excision and biopsy co... |
One week after the operation, a slit lamp examination revealed multiple corneal erosions and abrasion. Lid fissure narrowing also occurred, resembling the clinical findings of ptosis. Antibiotic eye drops and artificial tear drops were prescribed. Two weeks after the operation, the patient complained of pain in the rig... |
The diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease is based on the identification of large histiocytic cells showing emperipolesis, which is the presence of intact lymphocytes, plasma cells, erythrocytes, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes engulfed within the cytoplasm of the histiocytes. Immunohistochemical stains are useful in diff... |
An encapsulated mass with a smooth outer surface measuring 2.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 0.5 cm was observed. Histopathology revealed confluent foci of dystrophic calcification of the matrix with keratin and foreign body granulomatous reaction, basaloid cells, and shadow cells or ghost cells. Within the pilomatrical matrix, a well... |
In the present case, features including chronicity were observed. Tumor necrosis, calcification, and ossification can occur in rare cases of pilomatrix carcinoma. Although no recurrence or malignant change was noted in this case, vigilance is necessary, and such patients should be followed up at regular intervals. We r... |
A 25-year-old woman with a history of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) presented with a recurrent lesion on her lower eyelid. Initially diagnosed as a chalazion, she was treated with antibiotic and steroid eye drops, but the condition worsened. An excisional biopsy confirmed the recurrence of PTCL. Electron irradiatio... |
In January 2008, a patient presented with significant superficial punctate keratopathy in both eyes, which improved with hyaluronan-containing eyedrops. In July 2008, the patient developed an induration in the skin of the left lower eyelid, initially diagnosed as an acute chalazion. Despite conservative management, the... |
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species and is classified into three forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. The eyelid is a rare site involved by leishmaniasis and only makes up 2.5% of cases with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although cutaneous leishmaniasis can affect both upper and lower... |
Cutaneous leishmaniasis of the eyelid is a rare condition, possibly due to the movement of the eyelids preventing the fly vector from biting the skin in this region. The clinical diversity of cutaneous leishmaniasis is influenced by the parasite, host factors, and immune-inflammatory responses. The incubation period ca... |
Keeping a high index of suspicion regarding the endemicity of the disease in the region is crucial, but in a few cases, there is a substantial delay. It is after therapeutic unresponsiveness and/or further investigations that an ultimate diagnosis of atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis can be made. Scraping from lesions, ... |
The occurrence of infection in the Meibomian glands is common in people whose eyes are subjected to constant strain and prolonged mechanical or chemical irritation. Congestion of the conjunctival membrane is a predisposing factor in the production of an acute inflammation in these structures. Here, as in many other inf... |
Hordeolum is a common and painful inflammation of the eyelid margin, typically caused by a bacterial infection. This infection affects the oil glands of the eyelid and can be classified as either internal or external. In many instances, the lesion drains spontaneously and resolves without treatment. However, the inflam... |
Hordeolum is a common, painful inflammation of the eyelid margin that is usually caused by a bacterial infection. The infection affects the oil glands within the eyelid and can be internal or external. In many cases, the inflamed lesion drains spontaneously and resolves untreated; however, the infection can spread to o... |
Hordeolum is a common eye condition that often resolves spontaneously without treatment. However, the infection can spread to other ocular glands or tissues, and recurrences are common. If unresolved, an acute internal hordeolum can become chronic or develop into a chalazion. Many people can be affected by hordeolum, a... |
Compresses are typically employed for five to ten minutes several times a day until the hordeolum is resolved. Lid scrubs consist of mild shampoos or saline solutions and are applied while gently massaging the affected area. The theory underlying the use of lid scrubs is that they promote lid hygiene and prepare the ph... |
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare type of skin cancer that can occur in the eyelid, although its rarity can make diagnosis and treatment challenging. A 51-year-old woman presented with a large tumor on her left upper eyelid, initially diagnosed as a chalazion. Over time, the lesion grew significantly, eventually me... |
We present the findings of an early-stage primary mucinous sweat gland adenocarcinoma in the lower eyelid of a Japanese patient. The patient was a 73-year-old man who had a nodule on the left lower eyelid for two years. He was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of a swollen chalazion. The clinical and histopatho... |
Histopathology revealed floating clumps of cuboidal cells with focal duct formation in the abundant mucin lakes. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scanning excluded systemic tumors. Thus, the final diagnosis of his tumor was a primary mucinous sweat gland adenocarcinoma of the le... |
A 52-year-old female presented with a history of a painless, progressive swelling in the left lower eyelid of one-year duration. The lesion was excised twice as a chalazion and recurred. Excisional biopsy of the mass was performed and histopathological findings were consistent with those of a trichilemmal cyst. This ca... |
A nodular mass measuring 10 × 10 × 8 mm was observed in the lower eyelid with a smooth surface. Upon eversion of the eyelid, an area of scarring was noted in the tarsal conjunctiva. A full thickness pentagonal excision of the eyelid revealed a well-circumscribed cyst filled with solid, homogenous material with spotty g... |
Trichilemmal cysts are keratinous cysts that share a similar clinical presentation with epidermal cysts. However, they differ significantly in their manner of keratinization on histopathology. Trichilemmal cysts exhibit trichilemmal or abrupt keratinization without keratohyalin granules. The peripheral layers of these ... |
A misplaced contact lens is a common ocular emergency presenting to the eye casualty. We report a case of a lost soft contact lens which migrated in the lid and presented 13 years later with symptomatic eyelid swelling. Authors in the past have reported migration and subsequent retention of lost hard lenses in location... |
A soft contact lens has the potential to remain in the fornices without causing symptoms due to the nature of its material. A case has been reported where a retained conjunctival foreign body, such as a soft contact lens, migrated through the palpebral conjunctiva and levator aponeurosis to a location just anterior to ... |
Osseous metaplasia of the eyelid is a rare condition with diverse causes, including congenital syndromes, trauma, neoplasm, and inflammation. In some instances, the exact cause cannot be determined. This phenomenon is primarily observed in breast tissue and abdominopelvic organs, and there have been no previous reports... |
The patient was a 46-year-old male with a history of recurrent chalazion of the right upper eyelid that had been excised twice in the past. He presented with a painless, 5×6 mm whitish mass that had been present for approximately five years. The patient was otherwise healthy with no significant past medical history. An... |
Hordeolum is a common, painful inflammation of the eyelid margin that is usually caused by bacterial infection. The infection affects oil glands of the eyelid and can be internal or external. In many cases, the lesion drains spontaneously and resolves untreated; however, the inflammation can spread to other ocular glan... |
Hordeolum is a common, painful inflammation of the eyelid that is usually caused by a bacterial infection. The infection affects the oil glands in the eyelid and results in a lump. Often, the infected lump drains and heals by itself with no treatment. However, the infection can sometimes spread to other glands in the e... |
Internal hordeolum is often more painful and lasts longer than external hordeolum. Recurrent hordeolum cases are usually due to incomplete elimination of bacteria rather than new infections. Conditions such as blepharitis, acne rosacea, trichiasis, and cicatricial ectropion are frequently associated with internal horde... |
Lid scrubs consist of mild shampoos or saline solutions and are applied while the affected area is gently massaged. The theory underlying the use of lid scrubs is that they promote lid hygiene and prepare the physical environment for drainage by clearing debris from the lid margin. Creating a clear channel is believed ... |
A 51-year-old Malaysian female was referred with a left lower eyelid lesion noticed 4 years ago. She consulted her GP a year ago and was diagnosed to have a chalazion. Her GP requested funding for treatment. The primary care trust considered this a low-priority procedure and declined funding. One year later she approac... |
Lacrimal infections caused by Actinomyces are uncommon and often misdiagnosed for extended periods. They represent a small percentage of all lacrimal diseases. In this case, a 70-year-old female patient presented with a para-canalicular abscess in the medial canthus of the left eye, near the lower punctum lacrimale, wh... |
Upon clinical examination, an inflamed swelling was observed, and the patient reported slight pain. Ocular examination revealed normal visual acuity. The swelling was firm and nodular like a chalazion. The punctum was found to be pouting with expression of pus upon pressure over the swelling. This fact confirmed the ex... |
Actinomyces infection in the eye can present with bright yellow secretions known as sulfur granules. In such cases, the lacrimal sac is not swollen, and both the sac and nasolacrimal duct remain patent. Diagnosis of canaliculitis, which our patient experienced for an extended period, is achieved through clinical, micro... |
In normal subjects, meibomian glands appeared to be thinner and longer in the upper eyelids than in the lower eyelids. Gland dropout occurred with increased age, more in the lower eyelid and in females. Excessive gland dropout was seen in patients with a history of trachoma, Stevens Johnson syndrome, severe blepharitis... |
Meibography was performed on a patient with floppy eyelid syndrome before a full-thickness wedge resection of the upper eyelid. A correlation was observed between the meibography image and the low-power histopathological magnification of the resected tarsus. In a study of 60 subjects aged 20 to 80 years, 24 were males ... |
Two patients experienced chalazia that resolved following medical treatment. In one patient, a missing gland was observed at the site of the resolved chalazion, while in the other patient, two missing glands were noted. A 36-year-old female presented with redness and swelling of the left upper eyelid, along with eviden... |
The meibomian glands of four patients who underwent unilateral radiotherapy for orbital tumors were examined. Meibography revealed almost complete gland dropout in both the upper and lower eyelids for three patients, while one patient exhibited a 25% gland dropout. The contralateral non-radiated side showed normal meib... |
Meibography is a valuable tool in evaluating the extent of meibomian gland involvement in various eyelid diseases. Blepharitis, a common eyelid condition, can vary in severity across different age groups, and clinical examination alone may not fully reveal the extent of meibomian gland involvement. Meibography can assi... |
The study evaluates the relative frequency of benign eyelid lesions in patients presenting to a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. The research involved a retrospective review of patient charts with benign eyelid lesions from January 2003 to December 2008. Clinical details such as demographic data, symptoms, signs, sur... |
The study aimed to evaluate the relative frequency of benign eyelid lesions in a Saudi population to assist clinicians in prioritizing their clinical diagnoses based on commonly presented lesions. The study reviewed histopathological reports of specimens from patients with presumed benign eyelid lesions seen in the Ocu... |
In clinical practice, various lesions affecting the eyelid are encountered, most of which are benign, though some have malignant potential or exhibit malignant features. The incidence of such lesions has been widely reported in previous studies. In this study, none of the clinically expected benign lesions were found t... |
The study of benign eyelid lesions reveals a variety of common and less common conditions. Sweat gland hidrocystoma was identified as the most frequent lesion in a series conducted in Saudi Arabia, possibly influenced by the region's dry climate. Histopathological studies confirmed the presence of clear cystic lesions ... |
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and antimicrobial efficacy and safety of ISV-502, which is a combination of 1.0% azithromycin and 0.1% dexamethasone, compared to 1.0% azithromycin or 0.1% dexamethasone alone in the treatment of subjects with blepharoconjunctivitis. Patients with verified blepharo... |
Blepharoconjunctivitis is a condition characterized by diffuse inflammation of both the anterior and posterior lid margins as well as the conjunctiva, often associated with an increased local bacterial load. Patients may experience eye dryness, eyelids stuck shut in the morning, and greasy or crusty eyelashes. This con... |
The efficacy of azithromycin and dexamethasone for blepharoconjunctivitis was analyzed. If the total score was the same in both eyes, the right eye was designated as the study eye. Other inclusion criteria were best corrected visual acuity of at least 20/100 in both eyes and an intraocular pressure of 25 mmHg or less i... |
The clinical visits were structured to follow a specific protocol. On the first day, an initial eye examination was conducted, which included assessing best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), signs and symptoms of blepharoconjunctivitis, biomicroscopy, and undilated ophthalmoscopy in both eyes. A culture was taken from th... |
The study evaluated the efficacy of azithromycin and dexamethasone for blepharoconjunctivitis. The analysis of clinical response for each sign or symptom was performed using Fisher’s exact test with normal approximation. Investigator’s and Subject’s Global Efficacy Ratings were analyzed using LOCF data for the ITT popu... |
At the last study visit, complete resolution of signs and symptoms was observed in 38 patients in Group 1, compared with 22 in Group 2, and 32 in Group 3 in the ITT analysis with LOCF. A statistically significant greater percentage of patients in Group 1 achieved the primary endpoint compared with Group 2. However, the... |
The study evaluated the efficacy of azithromycin and dexamethasone for treating blepharoconjunctivitis. Significant differences were observed between Group 1 and Group 2 at specific visits, particularly in the resolution of bulbar conjunctival redness, itchy eyelids, lid irritation, and lid swelling. Bacterial load red... |
In a study examining intraocular pressure (IOP) changes, Group 2 showed no change, while the other two groups experienced a change of 1.0 mmHg. For Group 1, the mean IOP change from baseline was 0.89±2.11 mmHg at Visit 2 and 1.25±2.78 mmHg at Visit 5. In Group 3, the mean IOP change was 1.18±2.34 mmHg at Visit 2 and 1.... |
The study aimed to evaluate the complete resolution of signs and symptoms of blepharoconjunctivitis at each visit. Visual acuity was primarily assessed for safety in the worse eye, with an improvement noted in approximately 15% of subjects across all groups. Anecdotal evidence suggests that a combination therapy for 7 ... |
The study aimed to investigate ocular surface and tear film changes in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy with the FEC regimen for breast cancer. Sixty-one women with early-stage breast cancer participated, all of whom had undergone mastectomy followed by six cycles of the FEC regimen. They were initially free of o... |
In order to assess the relationship between patients having significant conjunctival hyperemia and patients with abnormalities of the eyelid margin after the third chemotherapeutic cycle, Chi-Square tests were conducted. It was found that women having developed significant conjunctival hyperemia are more likely to deve... |
The application of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in ophthalmology has been observed to reduce the mitotic rate of ocular tissues such as the conjunctiva, cornea, and eyelid margin. This reduction in cell proliferation can lead to various ocular surface complications. Systemic use of 5FU has been associated with conjunctivitis, ... |
Breast cancer patients undergoing treatment with the FEC regimen may experience ocular surface and tear film abnormalities at an early stage of therapy. These abnormalities primarily include conjunctivitis and lid margin issues associated with meibomian gland dysfunction. It is advised that patients receiving this trea... |
Blepharitis is characterized by inflamed eyelids and is a prevalent ophthalmic complaint that is difficult to cure in eye care practices. Common signs and symptoms include crust or flakes on eyelashes, stuck eyelids, reddish eyelids, and blurred vision. The onset of blepharitis can be acute, but it more generally prese... |
The study utilized a representative claims data of one million insured individuals from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. This database covers nearly 99% of the population and includes data from 97% of hospitals and clinics in Taiwan. Patients with blepharitis were identified from inpatient and... |
Blepharitis is a common ocular disease that has been associated with many systemic medical conditions. In a retrospective case-control study, it was found that patients with blepharitis are prevalent with not only psychological conditions but also systemic conditions and other eye conditions. A survey conducted in the ... |
Patients with blepharitis experience chronic ocular discomfort and blurred vision, which significantly impact their quality of life, particularly among older individuals. This condition leads to a higher likelihood of developing depression and anxiety compared to those without blepharitis. However, the age-specific rel... |
Blepharitis is a condition that can significantly impact individuals, particularly those in the younger working demographic. The symptoms, which include ocular discomfort and changes in physical appearance, can affect work performance and social activities, leading to higher levels of anxiety compared to peers without ... |
A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the role of dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye syndrome. This prospective, interventional, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial involved two referral eye centers. A total of 264 eyes of patients with dry eye were randomized to r... |
The study evaluated the effects of omega-3 supplementation on dry eye symptoms. Participants were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after starting supplementation. The assessments included best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and a questionnaire on dry eye symptoms. Tear production... |
The study compared the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on dry eye disease with a placebo group. At two months, 50% of patients in the omega-3 group showed improved tear break-up time (TBUT) compared to 33% in the placebo group. Omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with potential benefits for the eye, particularly in... |
The content discusses the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in improving the stability of the tear film, as indicated by positive changes in primary and secondary outcome measures. There is an observed improvement in the tear film's inherent stability, as evidenced by larger tear breakup time (TBUT) drift and c... |
Drug-induced phospholipidosis is a common adverse effect that has led to the termination of clinical trials for many candidate pharmaceuticals. However, this lipid-inducing effect may be beneficial in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Meibomian gland dysfunction is the major cause of dry eye disease, which ... |
Drug-induced phospholipidosis is characterized by the excessive intracellular accumulation of phospholipids, forming distinct secretory lysosomes known as lamellar bodies. This condition can be caused by many drugs, particularly cationic amphiphilic drugs. It poses a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical industr... |
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to symptoms such as dry eye and dry mouth. Patients with SS may also experience systemic symptoms like weight loss, fatigue, and dysfunctions in various organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, n... |
The study involved the recruitment of 245 female patients at various medical centers, focusing on those with autoimmune or ocular surface disorders, as well as healthy volunteers. The research was conducted with the approval of the USC Institutional Review Board and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. All participa... |
The study indicates that tear CTSS activity is significantly elevated in patients with Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) compared to healthy controls and those with non-SS related dry eye or other autoimmune diseases. This suggests that tear CTSS activity could serve as a novel biomarker for SS. The increase in tear CTSS activit... |
The reduced salivary flow enhances the need for a sensitive diagnostic test for patients with primarily ocular symptoms. A reliable diagnostic indicator of sicca disease in the eye, as well as the oral cavity, seems warranted given the clinical need to accurately diagnose and treat Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) patients earl... |
Keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare congenital multisystem disorder that affects tissues of ectodermal origin, including the epidermis, cochlea, and cornea. This condition primarily results in symptoms such as palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, ichthyosiform scaling, deafness, and blindness. The syndrome i... |
In a remote area of Saudi Arabia, two first cousins were diagnosed with KID syndrome, a rare congenital condition. The patients came from a poor economic background and had not previously sought medical advice. Despite counseling, they were unwilling to undergo skin biopsies, so the diagnosis was made based on clinical... |
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect the eyes, leading to conditions such as blepharitis, keratitis, and uveitis. The underlying mechanisms of these ocular manifestations are not fully understood. In a study using the Stat6VT mouse model, researchers characterized the ocular pathologies t... |
The Stat6VT mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD) exhibits ocular pathologies such as blepharitis, keratitis, and uveitis, which are also observed in human patients with AD. In Stat6VT mice, blepharitis is characterized by clinical and histologic features of allergic inflammation in the eyelid. This includes increased ... |
Corticosteroids have been shown to be an effective treatment for severe blepharitis in patients and have also improved blepharitis in Stat6VT mice. The high frequency of blepharitis in Stat6VT mice, which is greater than 80%, along with the identification of several markers of disease that are reduced with therapy, suc... |
Diplopia, photophobia, temporary visual impairment, and retinal vein occlusion are some of the adverse ocular effects that can occur. Although these effects generally disappear within a few days to weeks following the discontinuance of therapy, shimmering after-images (palinopsias) and photophobia have been reported to... |
The efficacy of topical ophthalmic corticosteroids is influenced by modifications in drug concentration. A study aimed to confirm that hydrocortisone acetate ophthalmic ointments of 2.5% and 1% are more effective than a 0.5% eye ointment. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, the change in s... |
Corticosteroids are used in treating acute and severe forms of allergic reactions. Patients not responsive to other therapies may benefit from corticosteroids. Treatment of blepharitis relies on eyelid hygiene, gentle lid massage, and warm compresses. The effectiveness of the antiseptic bibrocathol for the treatment of... |
The study aimed to evaluate the time to achieve a 50% reduction in the CSS total score, which includes both objective signs and subjective symptoms related to eye conditions. The CSS total score is composed of six objective signs: conjunctival hyperemia, discharge, watering eyes, chemosis, red eyelids, and swollen eyel... |
The study investigated the efficacy of hydrocortisone eye ointment in different concentrations for treating acute non-infectious inflammation of the ocular surface or adnexa. It was found that hydrocortisone in concentrations of 1% and 2.5% provided a faster onset of clinically relevant improvement and a shorter time t... |
The pathologic relevance of Demodex infestation in blepharitis is still controversial. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Demodex spp. in eyelash follicles and its relationship to eye symptoms. A total of 290 individuals were studied for the presence of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis withi... |
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