Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
What are tonsils, what do they do and why is okay for us to have them removed?	[ "Basically the role of tonsils is mostly to be among the first lines of defense against pathogens. They identify compounds produced by pathogens and alert the immune system. It is ok to remove them when they get swollen because the alternative is to allow them to block the airway and potentially suffocate the perso...	[ "This is a very common question. You can use search to find [all the other really good answers](_URL_0_ ). This is instant, and faster than ust typing in your question every time. It's a way of cheating elections. Read the others, and then ask a more specific question." ]
If feminists are fighting for gender equality, then why call themselves feminists?	[ "Well, historically, equality required building up the status of women. You might argue, or not, that it's still required today. But the name, at least, is historical and made perfect sense when it was coined at a bare minimum." ]	[ "Radio stations do a lot of clever work to fit more information in the audio stream then just the audio. Originally an FM station were just a simple mono audio signal. However they found out that the signal quality were good enough to deliver audio signals at much higher frequency then the humans can hear. So they ...
What is/are the difference(s) between National Socialism (Naziism) and Fascism?	[ "National Socialism was just the name the Nazis picked to get votes from both right-wing nationalists and left-wing socialists. It really was a fascist movement/one interpretation of fascism; in Italy Mussolini was more direct in naming his party the National Fascist Party. Their cultural ideology differed quite a ...	[ "NoSleep is supposed to be for true, scary stories. The problem is, you don't have to verify your stories, and no one can claim a story fake, thus people who want to give people a good scare post here. CreepyPasta is just scary campfire-like stories. I used to love NoSleep, but unsubbed a few months ago because t...
Would Jesus have had a dog at any time in his life?	[ "It's very unlikely. Traditional Jewish attitudes towards dogs see them as unclean, and they were not generally kept as pets. The term was applied metaphorically to Gentiles, reinforcing their association with uncleanness. Dogs are only mentioned negatively in the canonical New Testament corpus. On this basis it se...	[ "The \"Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee\" maintains a family line for, you guessed it, Confucius, [going along the main line of descent.](_URL_0_) As Confucius lived from the 6th-5th century BC (and the line actually goes back a bit further than Confucius), this is a very ancient line to say the least. I'm...
what is the difference between a Sheriffs department and a Police department? They both seem to do the same thing depending on where you live.	[ "In the US? Sheriffs work for a county. Police work for a city or town. State troopers work for a state." ]	[ "Ask Reddit is for personal opinions, stories, and the like. Essentially subjective answers to questions without hard answers. Something like \"whats your favorite food\" is a good post there ELI5 is for getting a simplified answer or explanation to a question that you don't understand. A good thread here would som...
Why Japan's population is in such decline and no one wants to reproduce children	[ "[This article](_URL_0_) does a great job of investigating and outlining the underlying reasons that are contributing to the decline. Some reasons discussed: * Japan's punishing corporate world makes it nearly impossible to balance career and family * Child rearing is unaffordable on a one-parent income * Conservat...	[ "The nice ladies with the big boobies eat magic pills that don't let them have babies. A lot of them will even eat an extra magic pill after each scene just to be safe in case the first magic pill was broken." ]
Why are people who have 1 white parent and 1 black parent (e.g. Obama) always classified as black?	[ "When you say “always classified” what classification system are you referring to?" ]	[ "You can simulate color vision by wearing a tinted lens in one eye and a differently tinted lens or no lens in the the other eye. For example, a red lens in the left eye and a green lens in the right eye. If you look at a grey object, it will appear equally bright to both eyes. If you look at a red object, it wil...
Why are rocks grouped by their formation rather than their composition?	[ "Rocks are not grouped only by their formation. However, depending on the educational level, there would be no need to know a more elaborate classifying scheme. If you study geology you will use whatever classification is most suitable for your needs/work." ]	[ "Imagine you want to cook some food. You reach for a recipe book. Not being very brave you go for something simple. You take the eggs and mushrooms and butter and ham out of the fridge, and you follow the instructions carefully. At the end of the process you enjoy your omelette and think \"if I ever want this omele...
Does a dog have a larger carbon footprint than an SUV?	[ "I suspect the claim is from a \"study\" by authors Robert and Brenda Vale called \"Time to Eat the Dog? The Real Guide to Sustainable Living\" The \"study\" was privately done, not by institutions or with peer-reviewed papers as far as I know. Also, Robert and Brenda Vale have no real affiliation with the biology...	[ "Thank you for this helpful post. As a mostly uneducated consumer on this topic, I have often wondered the answer to this very question. My primary concern is which one causes the least environmental damage to the actual earth after it's thrown away, as I recently found out that even though my town collects my recy...
Why do people refer to a "big" and "little" spoon when spooning? The most snug fitting spoons are of equal size and shape	[ "Because calling the people involved the \"big\" and \"little\" spoon just rolls off the tongue a little more smoothly than calling them the \"inside\" and \"outside\" spoon, or the \"cradled\" and \"cradling\" spoon, or something like that." ]	[ "Point a flashlight at the wall and turn it on. See the small circle? Now, let's say your flashlight is delivering xyz power to the wall. So xyz power is landing in that circle, right? Tilt the flashlight in any direction. The circle spreads out across the wall doesn't it? But you didn't change the batteries or any...
Why are peanuts and treenuts often banned in schools due to allergy concerns but almost never in workplaces?	[ "adults know to not eat peanuts that's offered to them by another adult. children aren't always that aware and will take snack that's offered without thinking. adults know how to resolve the situation and can act immediately. children don't carry around their epipens on them all the time. so it takes a run to the...	[ "Some species of animals are precocial which means they are relatively mature and mobile from the moment they are born (or hatched.) Humans are altricial which means our young are born pretty much helpless. But we are far from the only altricial species! Rabbits are born blind and hairless, for instance, which ...
Please explain how resonant magnetic coupling (wireless power) works and what obstacles a commercial roll out faces.	[ "Electricity and magnetism are really the same thing called electromagnetism. A magnetic field will cause electricity to flow in a wire, so it can be used to charge a battery without plugging anything in. The obstacles it faces are: a) Inefficiency. It takes more energy to charge something wirelessly than by using ...	[ "Because it doesn't seem to work very well. Almost all of the sources for that article are news releases and news coverage, with very few peer-reviewed journals that actually document the results of their experiments. Unfortunately, this is the modus operandi for scammers, or those who just continue to believe in...
when is a pilot not qualified to fly a delta plane?	[ "After so many hours on the clock, pilots \"expire\" and are forced to rest. This usually only happens when flow programs are in effect for airports and pilots/passengers are experiencing delays due to weather, ramp space, volume, etc. So, it was probably a crew rest issue combined with a flow control issue." ]	[ "[Disciplinary Actions against Michael Platt, M.D. ](_URL_0_) He isn't a doctor anymore due to \"negligence, incompetence, and inadequate record-keeping\". So I'm just going to disregard his \"alternative medicine\" views on fibromyalgia. It is bullshit." ]
Why do we hide the names of victims of rape, but not their alleged rapists?	[ "People accused of crimes are always publicly identified. Otherwise, the government could hold secret trials and deny that they were doing it. Public and open courts are a key part of the protection of the accused." ]	[ "To start with Nuremberg only dealt with the highest ranking Nazi Party officials & military leaders - people in positions of great power. People like Hans would have been picked up in one of the smaller post-war trials, if at all. In the vast majority of cases, it was only people in leadership positions that were ...
What was the purpose of the strategic bombing campaign of WW2? Wouldn't it be more efficient to bomb the frontline troops directly as well as being able to avoid the hazardous trips deep into Germany?	[ "I have a follow up regarding the third \"goal\" you list; I reread a book recently that we used in high school (Why The Allies Won, idk the author as I'm at work) and when talking about the strategic bombing campaigns one of the benefits he cites is that once strategic bobbing began in earnest, such a large portio...	[ "> Why did early human tribes raise livestock for food if it was so inefficient? Raising livestock is only inefficient when when its fodder must be produced agriculturally. > One of the concerns you hear today is that meat consumption is extremely taxing on resources because it takes so much more food to raise...
Is there a "If America never intervened" map?	[ "Well, there's not just one, there's many — and they're all equally valid. Human relations are chaotic. Change one item in an ancestor-descendant chain (and I'm talking of nations too, not just people), and you alter those descendants in unpredictable ways. The map I just drew on a paper towel would be just as vali...	[ "This submission has been removed because it is [soapboxing](_URL_1_.), [promoting a political agenda, or moralizing](_URL_0_). We don't allow content that does these things because they are detrimental to unbiased and academic discussion of history." ]
We learned Europeans brought diseases to and killed indigenous populations typically because their immune systems had never been exposed to such diseases. With globalization becoming more of a reality, why do we not see more diseases prone in one country negatively affecting those in another?	[ "We do, we just don't tend to think about it that way. For example, when people in the US don't vaccinate their kids against measles, and then the kids travel to another country and pick up measles and bring it back to the US — getting dozens of people ill — that's exactly what happens. But today, different popula...	[ "We get copies of genes from both our parents. Many really bad issues tend to only be bad if you get two bad copies, because if even one copy is fatal, then that particular illness isn't very likely to be passed on and goes extinct. So if you have two unrelated parents, and one of them has a bad copy that cause...
How many photons get emitted from a light bulb?	[ "The number of photons emitted depends very strongly on the spectrum of emitted light, since photons emitted at higher frequency (shorter wavelength) carry away higher amounts of energy. Incandescent bulbs will have a [blackbody spectrum](_URL_1_) that emits ~95% of its energy in infrared photons. Fluorescent light...	[ "They use extremely fast camera shutters to capture a very short moment so you can see the light beam. However they can not reset the camera in time for the next frame so they cheat a bit by sending a new beam of light for the next frame. They make sure to synchronize the short beams of light with the camera shutte...
During the day, when you're awake, why does it feel natural for your eyes to be open, bit when you go to bed, it feels natural for your eyes to be shut?	[ "Because your body knows it should be sleeping. It's pretty much forcing you to close your eyes like \"cmooooon! Lets go to beeeeeed!\"" ]	[ "The muscles that control your fingers need to be at rest at the point directly between fully open and fully closed, in order to allow ample movement both ways. If they were fully outstretched at rest, the closing of your hand would take twice the effort by those muscles and your arm would look considerably differe...
How can a founder of a company, like Papa John, be forced to step down from CEO	[ "Papa John's is a publicly traded company. This means that individuals can buy portions of the company called \"shares\" and the company can use that money to invest and grow. John Schnatter kept 25% of the company for himself when they went public, but the other 75% was sold in order to grow the brand. The shareh...	[ "There are a lot of people in the world who don't care about laws, or the laws of other countries, or the property rights of other people. For example if you stole a piece of art from someone in England that a wealthy member of the royal family in Saudi Arabia wanted they probably don't care at all that it was stol...
Why do ceiling fans have odd numbered blades? Normally I only see them with 3 or 5 blades.	[ "it’s to do with preventing resonance and increasing air flow. but you can get fans with 2, 4 and even 6 blades. it doesn’t really matter." ]	[ "The Standard Model is a quantum field theory that describes a particular set of fields, and their interactions. Excitations of each of those fields can carry intrinsic angular momentum, called \"spin\". Excitations of the electron field carry spin 1/2 (in units of ~~h~~), excitations of the photon field carry spin...
Why does most garbage have the same smell?	[ "This isn't 100% true as different garbage can smell different (green waste vs solid waste, etc.) But in normal trash, like you will have in a trash can on the street, the primary thing you're smelling is decomposition of you're food, mostly the protein like old bits of meat. The reason it all has a similar smell i...	[ "commercialism. if you were happy with your old stuff, you wouldn't need to buy new stuff. all the designers and manufacturers come out with new looking stuff and market the old stuff as ugly and new stuff as pretty in order to make money. our tastes are hugely influenced by others." ]
Why do some floors or steps get eroded by our feet, when roads don't visibly get eroded by tires?	[ "Roads do get eroded by tires eventually (especially if used frequently or by heavy vehicles), you just don't notice it as much since you are traveling over them at high speeds. Roads are repaved due to erosion pretty frequently in some places. Also, your tires erode quicker than the driving surface (I assume becau...	[ "Your brain has a gating mechanism. Basically if you feel the same sensation for an extended time, your brain decides that feeling isn't important anymore and ignores it. This includes all sorts of things, like the feeling of your teeth on your tongue, your lips touching, the clothes on your skin, your phone in you...
Why do people bother keeping savings in banks/currencies which are potentially unstable?	[ "I see two reasons: 1. In most European countries you need a residence permit to open a bank account. In other words, you must live in the country where you want the bank account. Some countries, like Switzerland, allow foreigners to open bank accounts without a permit. However, the banking fees are high for such c...	[ "Moisture and temperature. Scrambled eggs are moist and, as they cool, they pass through a temperature zone that is favourable for bacterial growth. From a food safety perspective, safely storing scrambled eggs involves spreading the eggs into a thin layer that will cool quickly. Subsequent refrigeration inhibits b...
How do NCAA athletes balance travelling for their sport and college work?	[ "I taught classes at a D1 university. The short answer: many of them don't really keep up with their work. For athletes I had to fill out progress reports from the athletics department. A report that said they were failing meant I had to have meetings with my faculty supervisor, one of the what seemed like 500 coa...	[ "They check for an @ symbol and a domain extension such as .com or .edu It doesn't normally do any test to check if the address is reachable etc" ]
Why do most of the cargo trains in the US still run on diesel instead of electricity?	[ "Most US rail outside of large cities isn't electrified. Electrifying the huge stretches of rail in the rural US simply isn't economical. Electrified rail is more expensive to install and more expensive to maintain than traditional tracks. It makes sense in dense urban areas for stop-and-go commuter trains, but for...	[ "A couple reasons. In the United States, the burden of proof is on the prosecutor to show that the defendant committed the crime. This \"presumption of innocence\" makes preparing a case hard work, because to win, the prosecutor has to convince 12 regular people that, with absolutely no doubt, the defendant commit...
Why can we see light through our eyelids when both are closed, but not when only one is closed?	[ "The simple answer is because both eyes are linked in terms of their 'light sensitivity', so when one eye is getting a lot of light streaming into it, the sensitivity is turned down, including in the other eye. When both eyes are closed, neither are having light flood into them, so they both become much more sensit...	[ "This question is pretty tough to imagine. Here's something that might help: Imagine you live on a [Möbius strip](_URL_0_). You're facing straight down at all times. You leave a ghost image of yourself as you go around the strip. Travel fully around and you get back to where you started, still looking the same way....
How did "Free Bird" become the go-to shout-out at every live music event?	[ "I wasn't aware it was? I've actually never heard that said once. In the UK Wonderwall gets shouted out a fair bit but its kind of a joke now because that song overplayed to hell." ]	[ "Because when you sit back and think about how technologically advance it was, especially for that time, it is truly mind blowing. Even by today's standards just say it to your self \"We can send humans into space in a ship, land on another surface that is not earth, and send that video footage back down to earth t...
Why were WW2 infantry small arms geared towards high-powered cartridges, when no effective personal body armor existed?	[ "Small correction that I hope is acceptable: the 7.92x33mm Kurz cartridge used in the StG 44 was designed before WWII, as was the .30 Carbine, so the concept of a mid-powered cartridge certainly existed before the end stage of the war. The M1 Carbine entered service in 1942." ]	[ "As a reminder, [top-level answers](_URL_0_) in this community need to be \"comprehensive and imformative.\" Single-links to Wikipedia and unsourced opinions do not clear that bar. This question already rests on a part of history hamstrung by the fuzzy diagnostics of diseases in the past and an almost unavoidable b...
Why is it called Hemophilia?	[ "According to _URL_1_ it's using an alternative emphasis on the latter part of the word. > [philia](_URL_0_) \"to love\", here with a sense of \"tendency to.\"" ]	[ "Horse meat isn't rare at all. You can get it in many parts of europe. Tastes ok too. Anyway, that's culture. The same reason we think that bacon and eggs is a breakfast food, and don't eat grasshoppers." ]
Are the White House press briefings usually this hostile? It always appears Spicer is upset with media and vise versa. I never heard any briefings under Obama administration so I just don't know if this is normal.	[ "It is not normal. But what can you expect? We have a President who actively says things that are at best controversial, and when the media calls him out on it he accuses them of multiple crimes and calls them \"fake\". It's actually kinda shocking that the Trump Administration seems so unaware of the consequences ...	[ "Mental health is a spectrum; more about 'shades of grey' than a discrete, \"either you have depression or not\" model. 'Normal' is pretty a pretty subjective, fuzzy idea. It just means you are in the middle of the bell-curve, and your mental health isn't causing obvious problems. Some psychologists (very few) have...
Why does blood only come out of one nostril when I have a nosebleed?	[ "Because the nasal cavity is divided vertically by a fin called the nasal septum." ]	[ "You can only notice flies in the room you're in. Also, it's probably not the only fly in your house." ]
How deep into the ocean will the impacts of a hurricane be felt?	[ "Three times the effective wave height. The magnitude of water movement underneath a wave tails of quite rapidly with depth. Once you are about three times the wave height (trough to crest) below the surface, the movement is barely noticeable. \"Effective wave height\" is the average height of the biggest third of ...	[ "Simply put, both of them. This is due mainly to a geological concept known as the geoid. If you look at [this](_URL_1_) map, you can see that above panama, there is a plate subducting under another plate. Subduction looks like [this](_URL_2_) cross-sectionally. I would wager that the weight of the extra crust is '...
Today, someone I know was discriminated against as she comes from a lower social order. But instead of complaining, she was actually bragging about this. In fact, she mentioned that I must be somehow inferior because I treat her well. This has left me very confused.	[ "Victim complex/martyr complex. The need to feel victimised in order to feel like a hero and/or gain sympathy." ]	[ "Context is important. I'm not surprised to see a hot dog at a hot dog stand. I'd be surprised if I opened my wallet to pay for a hot dog and it only had a hot dog inside. I'm not surprised to see beach clothing at a beach, but would be concerned if I'm about to go into surgery and the surgeon shows up in a speedo....
Why does something have to be "Massless" in order to travel at the Speed of Light?	[ "We should really start a sidebar post for questions like this, this question has been asked probably a million times, but the short version: Due to relativity, the universal speed limit is the speed of light, and all speeds are relative to this. So the closer you get to the speed of light the more energy you need ...	[ "Can you explain why you think it's impossible for \"nothing\" to exist?" ]
Why and when did the ♥ heart shape come to being?	[ "One theory is that the now extinct north African plant silphium plan was used in Cyrene in the seventh century b.c. as a form of birth control. The plant became so important to the Cyrene economy that they minted the seed pods on their coins (the heart shape we know today). The theory is that the shape was associa...	[ "I can't answer your question, but I use the / key dozens of times a day, every day. The choice had to be made at some point, and that was what \"they\" chose." ]
What do contemporary historians think of Fernand Braudel's work?	[ "Follow-up question, in case it's not mentioned in the answers to OP: How does Braudel's work compare to more recent work on the Mediterranean, especially David Abulafia's The Great Sea - how do their approaches and goals differ and where do they disagree?" ]	[ "Before I answer, may I ask who the speaker is for this particular lecture? Or if you have a link for me to listen to? I would like to know where they are coming from in their argument." ]
During the War of 1812, did a hurricane or tornado really do substantial damage to British troops forcing an early withdrawal from Washington DC shortly after they sacked it?	[ "> August 25, 1814 in the early afternoon, a strong tornado struck northwest Washington and downtown. The severe tornadic storm arrived the day that the British Troops had set fire to the Capitol, the White house and other public buildings. The storm's rains would douse those fires. The tornado did major structural...	[ "That mosque is not in Timbuktu. It is the [Great Mosque of Djenne](_URL_0_), in the city of Djenne which is about 500 km south-west of Timbuktu in Mali. Anyhow, those are wooden timbers called toron. They are used to [support scaffolding]( _URL_2_) when adobe is reapplied to the exterior of the mosque, or when r...
What are optometrists looking for when they dilate people's eyes?	[ "Mostly to get a better view of the retina (including the macula), the optic nerve, and the vessels. Here is a link to the NIH website that describes an eye exam _URL_0_" ]	[ "the laser light beams out till it hits something, then the light bounces back to the meter. The time it takes the light to reach the object and get back to the meter tells you the distance because we know the speed of light." ]
Why do we feel like pop music is getting more and more terrible? Is it just an impression caused by the sorting bias (the fact that our brain mostly remembers the good things from the past) ?	[ "- A lot of modern pop music is mass produced and based off a small selection of chords. Large teams of people write the songs, but a small monopoly of people produce them. - Shows like Pop Idol/X Factor want to get someone on board to produce songs as soon as possible and aren't overly concerned about clichéd lyri...	[ "1. We gauge time by memorable events. The older we get the less memorable events occur. 2. The amount of time passed relative to one’s age varies. For a 5-year-old, one year is 20% of their entire life. For a 50-year-old, however, one year is only 2% of their life. 3. Our biological clock slows as we age." ]
If we have no pain receptors in our brain, then how do we get headaches and migraines?	[ "There are pain receptors that surround the brain itself. This ranges from the membranes (the Meninges) to muscles that help with posture and the like. The pain can arise from many different things such as pressure placed onto the surrounding structures. More info can be found in the articles [Here](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "You don't see all the light the enters your eye, you only see the light that hits your retina. Light comes from all directions, but once it hits the lens of your eye, it bends. Only the light that is bent so that it ends up moving toward your retina is actually detected. For any given place on your lens, only ligh...
How do they measure the amount of calories in something?	[ "Here is the general definition of a Calorie: amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1 degree Celsius. Therefore, a Calorie is a basic unit that describes the amount of energy in the something you are interested in. There are a couple different ways to measure the amount of Calories...	[ "They often have a number of people who fill in viewing diaries in return for a small payment. Extrapolation to the whole population, similar to opinion polls, gives the total audience. Other methods use recording boxes to work out what channel the tv is timed to over time." ]
Why does insurance not cover some medications? Isn't that what we pay them for?	[ "Imagine you invite your friend to a restaurant and say, \"I'll pay for one of your drinks!\" Then she comes back with [this monstrosity](_URL_0_). Most people would agree you would be right to refuse to pay for it. In a similar way, when insurance agrees to pay for medical care, that doesn't mean you can do whatev...	[ "I believe YouTube has an algorithm that scans the audio of uploaded videos and matches them against a database of known songs. Probably also uses track length and description/tags to make things quicker. A full album might contain all the songs, but the algorithm doesnt detect that because 1. It's longer than any...
How does the brain distinguish between images you are actually seeing and images you are imagining? Can the two become confused?	[ "I love this question. There is a movie called Waking Life that addresses this idea. The whole movie is on YouTube right now for free and is awesome. Check it out. But at the minute 40:35 is when your question gets talked about. _URL_8_" ]	[ "Because thought's capabilities are pretty much infinite, whereas our bodily abilities are limited. If you have heard an accent, you can generate it in your head through memory alone. But to speak in it your vocal cords and tongue and lips, pretty much your entire upper respiratory system needs to know the way to r...
how electron microscopes work?	[ "Let's start with light microscopes. You shine light on your sample, and the light bounces through a couple of lenses and hits your eye. The concept is exactly the same for electron microscopes, but the difference is that you're using electrons instead of light. Due to wave-particle duality (which you can read ab...	[ "They keep going unless/until they get absorbed by something. High energy ones will occasionally do strange things, like create matter/antimatter pairs of massive particles." ]
How are we able to actually see biological reactions since they occur instantaneously? I imagine it's like trying to watch a movie on 100x fast forward and pick out individual scenes or even the plot.	[ "You need to be more specific. What reaction are you referring to? Nothing occurs truly instantaneously. Biological reactions tend to be particularly slow, depending on what you mean by reaction. The infection of a cell by a virus, for example, can take days/weeks for the complete life cycle. Human cells can take...	[ "Tracing a call is probably super quick these days. A screenwriter won't care, though, and will milk it for drama." ]
If you had a record made of a radioactive substance, and played it at near light speeds, would the particles at the outside of the disk decay faster than the ones near the center of the disk?	[ "This is related to a classical \"paradox\". Basically, you can't spin the record up, it will necessarily break. The (very difficult to grasp intuitively, IMO) fundamental concept at play here is that in a corotating reference frame constant time slices are non-euclidean. So trying to boost a static disk to rotat...	[ "You're thinking of the two clocks as ticking like this: \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \|----\|----\|----\|----\| Both in the same \"direction\", with one ticking slow, and, therefore, necessarily, one ticking fast. But relatively-moving clocks in special relativity don't tick like that. They tick along different \"directio...
The need to have separate local law enforcement: sheriff, police department, highway patrol, etc.	[ "Sheriffs are elected law enforcement officers (LEOs), often under the jurisdiction of the courts. Police are LEOs under the jurisdiction of the local executives -- county board, governors, etc. Their jurisdiction is a function of where they're located and who they answer to. Highway patrol LEOs are usually state p...	[ "Let's say toll roads are run by Wal Mart. They then offer a discount - you can drive to Wal Mart for free, but still have to pay a toll when you go anywhere else. Sounds good, right? But then next year they double or triple the toll. Soon you can't afford to shop anywhere EXCEPT WalMart. Every other store then go...
When/how did wearing clothes become the cultural norm?	[ "DNA studies into the date which clothes lice evolved from hair lice put the date at least by 83,000 and possibly as early as 170,000 years ago. [Source.](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "hi everyone! just a reminder to respondents to be mindful of this sub's [\"20-year rule\": no discussion of events/conditions post-1994 please](_URL_0_)! thanks! OP, if you'd like to carry on this discussion for more recent years, consider x-posting this question to /r/AskSocialScience." ]
What exactly is going on in the human body when you get the 'wind knocked out of you'?	[ "Contrary to what you might think, your lungs neither contract nor expand on their own. They're suspended in your chest inside a low-pressure cavity, and when you breathe in and out, what you're actually doing is moving a muscle called your diaphragm up and down, causing your lungs to naturally expand and contract....	[ "The inner ear and outer ear are seperated by a layer of issue impermeable to the outside atmosphere called the ear drum, aka tympanic membrane. When the air pressure changes by a large amount, the air in the inner ear and the air outside the ear are not at equilibrium. To re-establish that equilibrium of pressure,...
Why was the Brown Bess used for so long by the British? Did they just not simply find a replacement weapon?	[ "It's not really that strange; the M16 and it's variants have been in use for 53 years. Mosin-Nagant rifles were first used in 1891 and still serve as discount weapons for various paramilitary groups - there are recent photos from Ukraine, which is ironic because Ukraine was ruled by the Russian Empire under Alexan...	[ "Custom and practice. If you build it and it falls down, you do it again differently. When it works, you keep it like that. That, and people weren't stupid or uneducated - the Greeks were fairly capable mathematicians, as were the Egyptians" ]
Shape and Color Personality test. What's its history, who invented it, and where are the scientific papers, if any?	[ "The descriptions in the link provided seem to exemplify something called the [Barnum effect](_URL_0_). Note how very few of the descriptions will contradict each other; every description can apply to every person with a fair amount of accuracy. Within the descriptions, though, contradictory statements appear fairl...	[ "It comes from how we learn and remember things. It is like a shortcut for our brain to group things based on a real or perceived pattern. For example, a child gets bit by a dog. The child then thinks all dogs will bite them. The child now has a stereotype that all dogs bite. When we were not the dominate species,...
tesla coils that play music	[ "The simplest way to explain it is that when a Tesla coil is fired, the electric discharge causes noise via disturbance (superheating, I believe) of the air. However, that doesn't give it specific pitch; normal coils just sound like a solid buzz or crackle - which may have a pitch, but is not easily controllable. T...	[ "The only example I can think of is Saddam Hussein's son used one in Iraq. Uday Hussein kept an iron maiden in his torture chamber. _URL_0_" ]
When I prepay for gas why does the pump stop around the sixty cent mark and slowly fill up to the dollar amount.	[ "Ever try to stop the gas at exactly an even amount? Kinda tough, the machine is programmed to not give you too much, even a little bit could end up putting a gas station out of business if it's compounded enough... It slows down to make absolutely sure that you will get no more than you paid for, even if there's b...	[ "They don't. It's a marketing ~~lie~~ gimmick. I used to work for a company that did a similar thing by mail. New customers were supposed to sign up by a certain time for special rates but as a specific matter of policy we'd give those rates to anyone who mailed back the special offer." ]
Did feudalism exist?	[ "You might read this old AMA, _URL_3_, in particular this post by, /u/idjet: _URL_2_, which directly addresses this question." ]	[ "Is there a specific region and time period you are interested in? If not, your question would break our \"poll type\" question rule." ]
If the pitch of our speaking voice is different than how we hear it, how can we sing accurately on pitch?	[ "We can hear what pitch we're singing. It's the timbre specifically that we don't hear accurately." ]	[ "Well for starters you don't get more than one take, if you're performing live and you miss a note you can't just call redo. You are also standing on stage having the sound blasting from giant speakers, not ins a sound tight area with special equipment to pick up and fine tune every little bit of sound. And of cour...
If a rainbow is a spectrum of visible light, does it extend to infrared light and ultraviolet light even though we cant see it?	[ "Indeed it does. And this was how infrared was first discovered. William Herschel passed sunlight through a prism and held a thermometer in the region past the red end of the rainbow, finding that despite being outside the realm of visible light there appeared to be invisible light there which heated the thermomete...	[ "This episode of radiolab addresses that, especially the one about the \"perfect yellow\" _URL_0_ They found a woman who kinda had a \"fourth\" spectrum of color perception outside of the RGB peaks we see for human eye acuity." ]
What actually happens when people get brain freeze?	[ "I believe it is because whatever cold substance you are ingesting makes indirect contact with your nasal cavity via the roof/back of your mouth, which then makes your sinuses/etc. cold. Those parts of your head are not used to being cold and are highly sensitive to it which results in the intense cold sensation yo...	[ "There are two things that make ice cream soft - the ice is in very small crystals, and tiny bubbles of air mixed into it. When you melt and refreze it, some of the air bubbles merge to create bigger bubbles with more solid material around them, and the ice crystals that form are much bigger, tying the mass togethe...
Why do companies pay dividends to stockholders?	[ "You pay dividends to make your shares attracive to own. Many people buy shares hoping they will increase in value others want an income from owning the shares in addition." ]	[ "To get you to spend $29.95 on their \"work from home\" information package." ]
Do animals somehow know and sense that other animals are an entirely different species?	[ "Animals covers a lot of ground, and what a border collie knows and what a turtle knows is likely to be a huge difference. Let's just pick on dogs, as dogs and humans have been working together for many centuries. Dogs have excellent scent and hearing. They can clearly tell \"your car\" from \"another car\" through...	[ "A lot of it would be smell and pheromones wouldn't it? That's why male dogs go nuts when female dogs are in heat - they can smell the pheromones they're giving off (from some distance away I might add)." ]
Why does being wet in the open air make you cold? Even if it’s warm air?	[ "It's nothing to do with the warmth of the air. It is the fact that the water on your skin is using the energy from your body heat to evaporate. When it does this it feels cold. This is also the same interaction when you sweat and why your body sweats to cool you down." ]	[ "Wifi and cellular systems use microwave radiation (like your microwave oven, except far far less power). Microwave radiation rips absorbed quite readily by polar molecules like water and fats. (this is how microwave ovens cook food, imparting the energy of microwave radiation into kinetic energy of water and fat m...
How do mountain climbers in very cold environments not get frostbite?	[ "Proper clothing, plus the physical exertion of actual mountain and ice climbing is brutal which helps them to keep blood flowing. Beyond that, just consistently taking stock of your surroundings and making necessary environmental adjustments in order to prevent these types of injuries. Beyond that, they still do s...	[ "Nope, that's why astronauts survive in their jobs." ]
Why isn't there drug testing for welfare?	[ "There is or was done in some places. What it demonstrated in Florida was that welfare recipients do drugs at a rate far lower than the general population, meaning that testing cost significantly more than any savings generated. It's nothing more than a method of humiliating recipients of state aid. A fairer syste...	[ "It takes a while to implement the changes. How would you like it if the law changed overnight and you had to pay fees/go to jail next day without having a chance to adapt yet." ]
What % of my weight am I actually lifting when doing a push-up?	[ "To measure yourself: Put a bathroom scale under one of your hands while doing a push up. Double the maximum value the scale lists and divide that by your total weight (and multiple by 100) to calculate the percentage." ]	[ "This is a classic example of selection bias. If you have external data on what the probability of getting a response from positive subjects is and what the probability of getting a response from negative subjects is, you could weigh the responses by the inverse of their probabilities in order to get an unbiased es...
If life were such a probable event, we don’t have evidence of multiple origins?	[ "There could have originally been many potential self-replicating molecules or molecular systems, but likely one type was better at replication than others and there was a molecular form of natural selection. It is thought that RNA preceded DNA, and that the first life was RNA-based. RNA is simpler and capable of s...	[ "Before I answer, may I ask who the speaker is for this particular lecture? Or if you have a link for me to listen to? I would like to know where they are coming from in their argument." ]
Modern Militia Purposes?	[ "The are a remnant of an earlier time. The truth is they aren't all that important, but many states feel strongly about maintaining their right to have one (Which is the true point of the 2nd Amendment). In theory, in the event of an invasion or the like they would join the fight. The thing is, that is also what th...	[ "Windows 10 synchs much of your system status data/settings with a Microsoft Internet server. The \"purpose\" of this is to have copies of this data because you're not trusted to backup your system. The \"side effect\" of this is that Microsoft will know a lot about your computer, printer, ISP, and other things tha...
Why has Hdr been so common in cameras for so long but is only now beginning to move into mainstream TVs, Smartphones and games consoles?	[ "They're different technologies. The HDR in cameras involves taking two shots at high/low exposure, then merging them to a single photo. The HDR in video displays refers to the ability to show a wide range of brightness." ]	[ "The retail stores can buy in bulk. And when they do, they get a special discount from the manufacturer. This is part normal, and part enticement from the manufacturer to get their product out there. Typical electronics markup from manufacturer to vendor is 20-30%. That 30% allows the vendor to discount the device ...
Difference in generations of i7 processors	[ "Cpuboss and cpu.uderbenchmark are great tools for this. Just google 4790k vs 8700k, for example, and those 2 sites will usually be the top results. You can do it with graphics cards, too. As for your question, your CPU is a quad core with hyper threading (so an octa thread cpu). Whereas the latest ones are 6 core ...	[ "I thought it was explained pretty well by this old tek syndicate video _URL_1_ Definitely worth a watch!" ]
Why does Chernobly have to wait 1000 years while Hiroshima was able to rebuild without waiting that long?	[ "A nuclear weapon and a nuclear reactor are not the same thing. The main idea (split Uranium-235) is the same, but everything else is different. * Nuclear weapons need their chain reaction happening in microseconds, while nuclear reactors are supposed to work for years: they use a different type of fuel (simplified...	[ "The tours of [Avebury henge](_URL_0_) point out that several buildings in the encroaching village of Avebury were constructed from stone quarried from the standing stones. They also tell a number of stories about medieval churchmen toppling the stones in an effort to desecrate the \"pagan monument\". The henge as ...
What made the Half Life games so revered?	[ "For their time, they were absolutely cutting edge. Comparing them to your expectations in modern games is a bit unfair." ]	[ "Subjective, but stuff like the way their music is structured and played plays a part. You really can't know unless you deconstruct the song to the point where it isn't enjoyable anymore." ]
How similar, in terms of chemistry and our anatomical response, are hot mustard and hot peppers?	[ "Both capsaicinoids and isothiocyanates trigger the [TRPV1](_URL_2_) ion channel, which is linked to pain and other responses, so they do trigger overlapping response. However, ITCs also seem to trip the [TRPA1](_URL_1_) channel, which can partially explain differential response of these two types of compounds. I w...	[ "Sometimes, it burns a lot after eating spicy foods. That is the same reason it burns going down. LPT: After eating spicy foods and when you're anticipating a painful poop, put some petroleum jelly on your anus first. It helps coat it and soothes the pain" ]
How does iTunes 'randomly' shuffle the songs?	[ "It takes a seed number (generally the current system time) and runs it through a complex algorithm to generate pseudo-random numbers. If you have the seed and algorithm, you can predict the numbers." ]	[ "Former Sprint sales rep here; I can't specifically say where any one retailer gets their stock, but I know in our (Sprint Store) case, Apple would regularly supply us with extra cables, headphones, etc, in case any in stock were damaged or missing, and we would receive them with replacement phones for service orde...
What is the difference between training your body and damaging it?	[ "Your body is made to adapt to stresses exerted by exercise. You need to be strong enough to flee from danger or construct shelter and other needs for self-preservation. So the body is built to become stronger rather than weaker after exercise. The regenerative mechanisms to allow your muscle cells to become thic...	[ "I don't actually know the whole idea behind it but I believe it is intentional habit building. The idea being that if you spend 2 months acting like a character, their mannerisms, their way of thinking etc then when it comes time to actually shoot the scenes you will do these things naturally and subconsciously...
Why are space heaters considered ineffecient?	[ "Heaters which radiate a lot of infrared will cast a warm radiance across a room, but might not heat up the air much, while a convection heater will warm up the air but isn't cosy to sit close to. Depends what kind of warmth you're after: something to warm your feet, or something to take the chill out of the air. B...	[ "Energy consumption, pure and simple. RO membranes, hydrolysis, evaporation, etc., all take energy. A lot of it." ]
Did people in the past have worm like belly buttons sticking out of their bodies?	[ "The umbilical cord dries up and the stump falls off on its own within a few weeks of birth." ]	[ "Hi OP, this is a cultural question, so it would greatly assist anyone considering answering if you could specify which culture you're asking about. For example, the name of a cultural group / country / geographic region, plus a rough time period. Otherwise, this question is simply too broad, as it encompasses almo...
How do researchers check for West Nile Virus in mosquitoes, and how does that procedure work?	[ "You test for the virus RNA by PCR. Grind up flies, extract all RNA, reverse transcribe to get DNA, & use primers specific for a conserved region of the viral genome to amplify that region (if its there). You can then run a gel of each sample to see if the region has been amplified." ]	[ "Wildlife photographer here. They do it with long lenses, and weeks of squatting in cold, damp nature blinds, waiting for the right scene to happen in front of them. I cruise around Yellowstone for days at a time with a 600mm lens looking for critters. Or if you happen to be Walt Disney, you cheat. For the 1958 wil...
What happened to Punk culture? What happened to it since it's hey-day?	[ "It's still alive and around. Bands such as Doom, Iskra, Oi Polloi, Behind Enemy Lines, and many more (check out \"crust punk\") are very active in the punk and anarchist scenes. If you are interested in what happened to Crass in particular there is a documentary called \"There is no Authority but Yourself\" that i...	[ "Actual answer: wages haven't kept up with inflation and/or worker productivity. You can find charts on Google showing the discrepancies between real worker productivity and real wages. I edited my post, Mr. Jizzler." ]
For how long has there been a sentiment of New York City not being "Real America"?	[ "Depending on who you speak to, it's always been thus. Colin Woodard wrote an interesting book called [American Nations](_URL_1_) and argues that America is not now nor ever has been a single cultural entity but a shifting conglomeration of [eleven distinct cultural nations](_URL_2_). With regards to New York, (th...	[ "I'm only familiar with the [Connecticut Western Reserve](_URL_0_) (which includes Cleveland) as that's where I hail from, but maybe it'll answer your question to an extent for at least the particular region. The Western Reserve was a large chunk of Northeast Ohio, owned by Connecticut in the 1700's. Right before t...
Why do some animals move in quick bursts (like chickens/small lizards) while others are more deliberate (like humans/bears)?	[ "The bigger the animal the highest is the amount of energy it takes to move. A bear would never rush like a lizard cause it would take too much energy and it's not worth in the final balance. Also, smaller animals have different metabolism, a heart rate way more higher than big animals. A horse has in average aroun...	[ "Imagine you are going about your business on a normal day. A genie appears and gives you sixty seconds to respond to this question: \"You will receive 60 - t million dollars to donate to a charity to prevent world hunger deaths, where \"t\" = how many seconds it takes you to respond to this question. Also, I will ...
Why is it that if you kill a police dog it is considered the same as murdering an officer, but if you kill someone's dog, you simply killed an animal?	[ "They aren't, that is a myth. Killing a police dog is a crime, but it is a property crime. You'd get about the same punishment as if you set a police car on fire." ]	[ "Trees are more familiar, and humanity’s effects on them are more easily understood. You can imagine 100 acres of rainforest being cleared for ranch land or banana plantations a lot more easily than a cloud of phytoplankton dying off. Just the simple fact that trees and humans are on land, while plankton and algae ...
Why do electrical oil radiators have oil in them, rather than heating the air directly?	[ "Air is a pretty good insulator. That's why things like down blankets work: they trap air inside which prevents the heat from conducting away from you. Similarly, the reason why a breeze feels so good on a hot day is because your skin heats up a layer of hot air which is held close to your body by body hair and thi...	[ "Yes! This is called geothermal energy. Iceland produces a large proportion of their energy this way: _URL_1_ There are also 43 currently functioning geothermal plants in California: _URL_0_" ]
How do strain gauges work?	[ "Make a cylinder of play-doh. Squish it down evenly from the top. The center will expand out in a predictable way. Steel acts much like play-doh, but squishes almost imperceptibly. Strain gauges feature a wire on a conductive bit of foil and an adhesive. If we pass a current through the wire, we can measure the re...	[ "Glass microbeads are filled with the scent desired, perfume or whatever. The beads are mixed in with a \"glue\" and painted onto the card. When you \"scratch\" you deform the beads, causing them to break and release the smell." ]
When animals go extinct because of humans why are humans the scumbags? Isn't it just survival of the fittest?	[ "Human morality isn't based around survival of the fittest." ]	[ "People are very bad at assessing long term risks. We haven't evolved to handle dangers and risks of long term activities. Even though we intellectually know the risks, it is hard for us to translate that intellectual knowledge into behavior, as it does not tell our instincts that it is dangerous. We instinctively ...
What is happening when you 'hear the ocean' while listening into a sea shell or a glass bottle?	[ "I'm almost positive it's the blood in the veins in your ears, echoing off the chambers of the shell." ]	[ "The inner ear and outer ear are seperated by a layer of issue impermeable to the outside atmosphere called the ear drum, aka tympanic membrane. When the air pressure changes by a large amount, the air in the inner ear and the air outside the ear are not at equilibrium. To re-establish that equilibrium of pressure,...
What does Enlightenment in meditation mean?	[ "I have a buddhist friend and she says: \"Its when you gain/earn the spiritual knowledge (or insight) that frees you from the cycle of rebirth.\" Basically you meditate for a looooong time and learn from it. This knowledge gets you out of this loop of rebirth so that you move on to a higher existence." ]	[ "Undergraduate psych major here so I'm going to try but you'll definitely be getting better answers here. So you have your two tracks of information coming in. Your attended and unattended information. Essentially what you're paying attention to, and what you're not. So there are multiple models of how memory is p...
If two objects travel away from each other at slightly more than half the speed of light, does that mean they're both travelling faster than light relative to each other?	[ "No, they are not travelling faster than the speed of light relative to each other. You are changing reference frames, which means you are essentially changing the way time and distance is measured. See: _URL_0_ However, as an outside observer, you would see the distance between them increase at a rate faster than ...	[ "You get the full year's worth of radiation. From an outside point of view, we see that time is dilated and the astronaut is moving very slowly inside their spaceship. But we see the spaceship take a full year to reach its destination, and gets hit by all this radiation along the way. From the astronaut's point of ...
Would a full hard drive actually weigh more than an empty one?	[ "Really interesting question! The quick answer is no. On hard disk drives, data is stored by changing the direction of magnetization on very thin ferromagnetic layers. Nothing is added or removed, just rearranged to represent a 1 or 0." ]	[ "Take a look at this video at starting around 2:10 : _URL_0_ To summarize, it's made out of very thick materials (steel, titanium) and many safety precautions to make sure data is not destroyed." ]
Why don't anti-migrant european countries like Hungary use lethal force to defend their borders?	[ "War refugees are recognised by the UN. Even so death is not a reasonable reaction to unwanted immigration. I'm not a fan of bums asking me for money and cigarettes but that doesn't mean I can shoot them." ]	[ "Greetings everyone. In the few minutes this sub has been up, it's attracting sub-standard responses. Just a reminder of a few of the rules: * no responses covering events/conditions post-1994, per this sub's \"20-year rule\" prohibiting discussion of current events * no anecdotes * no speculation OP: your question...
How do dogs make ATP?	[ "Gluconeogenesis is the production of glucose from protein-rich sources. This is quite commonly used for production of energy across all living beings (plant and animal alike). In humans this is frequently seen in ketogenic diets or diets treating diabetes (and, to an extent, also the Atkins diet that was popular i...	[ "It's just in their DNA. Even now, science can't fully explain the phenomena we call \"instincts\", even though we can see them in action, and have them ourselves." ]
Why is this product a scam?	[ "The simple answer would be if you block the wiggly bits coming out of or into your electronic devises than they would stop functioning.If they still work with a sticker stuck to the back than the wiggly bits are still coming and going and going and coming." ]	[ "To get you to spend $29.95 on their \"work from home\" information package." ]
How exactly do toilets work?	[ "A toilet has a tank of water (or a supply, as you might see in a commercial building) attached to it. The bowl has a drain in the bottom, but rather than going straight down, the drain has an \"s-bend\" in it. The upper part of the \"S\" curve in the drain goes ABOVE the level of the water in the bowl, so the wat...	[ "_URL_0_ The wikipedia article is excellent and better than any of the answers in here so far. If you have specific parts you don't understand, ask away and I can help explain them to you." ]
At which point is something called "ancient". How many years distant from a specific point in time does it need to be?	[ "In terms of classifying something as being part of the \"ancient era\" persay, most books I've read will either cut it off at the fall of the Western Roman Empire, so 476 AD or end it with a transitional period (late antiquity), which basically spans the christianization of the once-Roman empire, and the \"last of...	[ "There is no one answer. It depends on a vast number of factors, including ambient light level, how long it's been since the ambient light level changed at all, what it is you're trying to resolve, and of course huge variances from person to person. But the rule of thumb for a person with perfect normal-range visio...
Is it possible to create an uncontrolled fission reaction (i.e. nuclear bomb) using an element much lighter than uranium or plutonium? For instance, is there a critical mass of carbon-14?	[ "Fission can generate energy only if there is less energy stored as binding energy in the fission products than in the heavier nucleus. This can only occur for nuclei that are heavier than Iron-56. Chain reaction also requires that the fission products trigger fission in more heavier nuclei and this places more con...	[ "Actually, for timekeeping purposes, we use the cesium atoms' vibrations in the atomic clock as THE definition of the correct time. We set all our clocks to that one clock. It also keeps track of smaller units of time than it displays, since cesium atoms vibrate at exactly 9,192,631,770 Hz. We know the time dow...
How do road crews manage to place cones on a freeway with traffic going 70+ mph?	[ "One truck going around 5 MPH, placing cones every 20 feet or so with another truck behind them with a big arrow on the back indicating that the lane is ending and traffic needs to merge." ]	[ "Lots of tricks, all combined. 1. Really tiny transistors. 2. Better materials. For example, adding a small fraction of germanium to silicon causes strain in the material, which increases the carrier mobility (sorry, it'd take a book to explain exactly what that is), which makes transistors made in the material op...
What is a use case situation in which it makes sense to use the capslock key?	[ "When programming, I will often need to type something that is all caps. Such as GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES, GL_UNSIGNED_INTEGER or _INCLUDEFILE_H. It helps to use caps lock for these." ]	[ "A good example might be a news website. The user subscribes to the websites RSS feed using RSS reader software, then whenever the news website publishes a story, it is sent directly to the user without them needing to check the website. If you've ever subscribed to a podcast it's pretty much the same idea. The pod...
When did leaving politics and the public eye become the norm for former presidents?	[ "Just to clarify your question: By \"involved in politics\", it sounds like you mean \"held public office\"... is that a fair assessment? Many modern former Presidents have played the role of the \"elder statesman\" (Hoover, Nixon, Clinton) with great gusto, staying involved in an informal capacity with American po...	[ "Interesting; also, standing ovations at performances. Just as you said, they're somewhat expected now, despite the fact that they were probably once \"special\". I once heard this discussed on NPR (I think both topics were mentioned) & I hope someone has an answer!" ]
If none of the primordial nuclides (Uranium etc.) had a long half life's would we be able to make power plants or bombs?	[ "You pretty much got it. The energy of some past supernova gets stored in uranium, and part of it gets released back as it is transformed into lead and other stable elements. It's possible, at least in theory, to create an energy releasing nuclear process with stable isotopes...lead has more energy stored in it t...	[ "If you consider positrons to be antimatter, we already have an actual use for them: positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to detect tumours and image brain function." ]
Literature on the Native Americans?	[ "Is there something in particular you need to know? Otherwise, I'll just end up burying you under my library in a while." ]	[ "You might also want to post this question in Thursday's Reading & Research thread--that's a great place to ask for book recommendations. :) Good luck!" ]
How are there flu "seasons"? How does the time of year make any difference to the spread of a virus?	[ "When it is cold people stay indoors more, and therefor have closer, and more frequent, contact. Also the running noses from the cold doesn't help. Wipe my nose, shake your hand." ]	[ "Largely because news stories sensationalize science without fully understanding it. There is a relevant XKCD comic that has a guy in a lab coat standing over a petri dish with a gun that says, \"When you see a claim that a common drug or vitamin 'kills cancer cells in a petri dish', keep in mind: so does a handgu...
Why is it often cheaper to buy a whole new printer than it is to replace the 3 ink cartridges?	[ "They're selling the printer at a loss and the cartridges at a huge markup. The idea is to make buying the printer appealing because they're going to make all the profit when you invariably need to buy more ink." ]	[ "Becsuse all tux's basically look the same, just different sizes and are a basic loose fit. Easy for many men to wear the same thing. But theres a bajillion styles of wedding dresses and different styles for different shapes and they're usually fitted. Odds of finding a generic sized dress in a style you like that ...

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