Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
If a photon does not experience time or space, how is it able to have varying properties?	[ "A photon doesn't have a perspective. And without a perspective, it can't be anything to itself. Basically, you're trying to ask what wavelength a photon would measure itself to have, but the question doesn't even make sense. I know this isn't the kind of thing you were looking for, but if you ask about propert...	[ "Cameras need to poll their sensors all at once, changing exposure times, etc. for the entire sensor simultaneously. The human eye though is made up of many different cells which are continually exposed to light and can adjust their reporting of sensation individually. This means they don't need \"multiple exposure...
How do genealogy websites that are used to reveal your family tree work? Do they work as well as advertised? Who is compiling all of this information?	[ "A lot of genealogy is compiled by Mormons but marketed as a standard family history site. They use the data they find to posthumously baptize people into the church. I would also assume companies do it for the monthly subscription fees." ]	[ "Follow on question: how good/reliable/accurate were wanted ads and descriptions? How often were the wrong people brought in from far away only to be released when recognized as not the person being sought?" ]
The origins of sharing a bed with your partner	[ "Well, usually we like to touch the people we value the most. So, laying next to each other is good. Plus it's warmer when it's cold. And it promotes Bonking. Which is good." ]	[ "A couple of archived threads contain a lot of good information. From February 2014, [this one here](_URL_6_) has a top-level comment about medieval Europe and a lot of further information in the comments below. And then [this one](_URL_5_) covers Rome, South American cultures, China, Japan, ancient Greece, and anc...
If we didn't have Einstein then was there someone else on the verge of discovering relativity?	[ "General or Special Relativity? With the latter, there were a great deal of people involved. The Lorentz transforms central to SR were (as the name implies) not by Einstein. Lorentz' theory happened to be wrong and Einstein's version right, but the former had only been around for a year or so before Einstein came u...	[ "Sound was, and is, fairly easy to approximate, even high school students can walk across large fields and measure the difference in time between when they see their friend bang a gong and when they hear it half a mile away, if not ideally farther. The same measurement can be made watching fireworks if you know the...
Why do we feel nauseous when dehydrated	[ "I am no physiologist, but I would hazard a guess that it has something to do with the ion concentration raising up and causing problems in the head, blood, and GI tract. Water also helps calm the stomach down while you are sick." ]	[ "Evolutionary, it is one way to keep us from eating rotten flesh." ]
How can you explain that intelligent people are usually more depressed/sad, and vice versa?	[ "There is a phrase: \"Ignorance is bliss\". When intelligent people become more learned, there is a tendency to have this \"pull the curtain and look behind\" view on the world, and those individuals can often lose the wonder of the world we all have as children. Like the guy who goes to the magician's show, and in...	[ "It's easier for us to create heat than to remove it. Furnaces for heating have been around forever but air conditioners are expensive and still catching on. Therefore, for centuries the most productive places have been cold-but-not-too-cold places because they can get work done all day, year round, whereas in warm...
When I hit a baseball is it going faster or slower than when it was thrown?	[ "Well as far as I know no one has thrown a home run. This would be a simple answer to your question. A more rigorous answer would be to think of the bat as a crude spring. If you throw a ball at a stationary spring it will compress, storing the energy of the ball, then release the ball back at the same speed. If th...	[ "only if it's structure is perfectly non-[amorphous](_URL_0_) so that it wouldn't start contorting with the inertial effect commonly known as the [centrifugal force](_URL_1_). This would rule out glass and many plastics Also it would have to also be in a perfect vacuum so that air resistance, or friction with the a...
How is it that we can watch tv channel via tv signal in real time without any buffering yet they can't apply the same technology on the internet?	[ "You can turn on your tap and get water instantly but if you're at a bar and want a beer, you need to wait for the bartender. TV is broadcast like radio. That means that the signal is always running and you just need to tell a TV to start paying attention to it. Modern digital cable TV system complicate some of the...	[ "Investment. It takes millions of dollars and years of getting construction permits to dig up roads or putting up new poles to put in wires. Back in the 90's many ISPs existed, because everyone was piggybacking on existing telephone connections. But once you had to deploy new hardware to telephone network, then ...
How do they shoot space movies to look like zero gravity?	[ "In the case of 2001 it was actually really clever: They suspended the actors on wires just like a lot of movies used to do, but they built the set sideways and put the camera on the ground pointing upwards. This accomplished two things: First, the actor's body hid the wires so you didn't have to try to remove the...	[ "Exposure to unfiltered sunlight and near-vacuum conditions, most likely. Conducting experiments on site would definitely pose a challenge though." ]
- Why do ISPs have a monopoly in practically all areas of the united states?	[ "The infrastructure required and the work needed to lay down all the cables necessary to compete with an existing company is too great of a barrier to entry, so most markets remain relatively unchallenged." ]	[ "Your answer was removed shortly before you posted this question. It did not meet our standards. We ask that answers in this subreddit be in-depth and comprehensive, and highly suggest that comments include citations for the information. In the future, please take the time to better familiarize yourself with [the ...
Is beach sand filthy?	[ "Sand is exposed to constant UV, wind and harsh weather condition , wich is not very suitable for developping organism. And, but this is more of a guess than anything, I think that most beach have a natural ecosystem (bacteria, sandworm, ....), wich clean and mix every layer of the beach. Anyway that was my .002" ]	[ "To piggyback on this. I've always wondered if it all goes through some type of decontamination process of some sort....?" ]
Why cant we point a space telescope to see living beings on habitable zoned planets in other galaxies?	[ "They're much, much, much, MUCH too far away for any current or planned telescope to see in that kind of detail. [This](_URL_0_) is the best Hubble can do with Pluto, here within our own Solar System. Any exoplanets would have resolution thousands to millions of times worse." ]	[ "Because of something called [tapetum lucidum](_URL_0_). These are structures in the eye that act sort of like a prism and reflect around so that it concentrates it within the eyes. This gives the animal better night vision. As to the second part of your question, why our eyes don't shine much with light, that's th...
How is a DNA sample computerized?	[ "How much detail of the process do you want? You can write a whole book about it. First you need to extract your DNA from cells and purify the DNA. Then sequence it. This video is a good start about sequencing. _URL_0_ Or have a look at Sanger sequencing. These colorful blocks at the end of the video will the have ...	[ "There's a database which has a big list of what malicious code looks like. It goes through that to see if there's any malicious code in the file." ]
AskScience, if you had to design the perfect set of teeth that could hold its condition (color, structure, self-cleaning, etc.) in a human mouth lifetime, what specs would it have/how would you design it?	[ "I would make it so that either: all teeth are replaceable, so can be pulled out and regrown or teeth are smoother with few fissures so less cavities can form. Having fewer but maybe larger teeth might help too since you have less spaces between teeth for food to get stuck Depending on how far you can take it, I wo...	[ "Building a car is easier than rebuilding a car that's been obliterated in a ghastly accident. You can follow the same steps to build the new car every time and it'll work every time. Rebuilding the totaled car is a lot trickier. Each case is unique. What's damaged? How badly? What can be saved? What needs to be ...
Why is it so controversial that no black actors or actresses were nominated for Oscars, but not at all controversial that no Hispanic, Asian, Native American, Indian actors were?	[ "Due to the nature of black history in the United States, the topic of racism towards blacks is far more prominent. There's a lot more good publicity for standing up against anti-black racism than there is for standing up against anti-anything-else racism." ]	[ "I think you are confused on what species, breeds, and race are. Species can interbreed so the group dogs is a species. Breed of dog would be a beagle. Race and breed are used interchangeably. As for why we do not use them with humans, there really has not been enough separation between different groups to produce ...
Why did Tokugawa Iemasa surrender the Honjo Masamune sword (amongst others) during disarmament of Japan post WW2?	[ "I am not aware if there is a specific answer as to why he gave them away but it was common for blades to be gifted or sold in Japanese history. For certain it was a valuable heirloom, and if even half the stories about the sword are true it would probably be priceless today, but to one high-ranking individual in t...	[ "I assume by division into two empires you mean the period between AD 395 and AD 476 (or AD 480) when the Empire was ruled by two emperors: one in the East and one in the West. Note that it was still the single empire during that time, not only theoretically but in the practice as well: the same constitutional laws...
When your arm or leg falls asleep for a long time, and than you move and your hand or foot feels like 1000000 needles all over. What is exactly happening there?	[ "Your nerve was pinched and now it's getting back on line. Most people think it's lack of blood supply but it's not." ]	[ "You go into autopilot, your brain doesn't take logs unless something interesting occurs, but while you're in autopilot you are still actively scanning the road and controlling the car and responding to routine inputs(stop signs, road markings, corners in the road) Once you do a task enough your brain makes an auto...
How did abolitionists refute Biblical defenses of slavery?	[ "On this sub giving much information on school assignments is frowned upon a bit. Okay, more than a bit. But here is a resource for you. This subject is covered in detail in Mark Noll's [The Civil War as a Theological Crisis](_URL_0_). I hope this is at least a bit of help. There were some pretty compelling argum...	[ "If you're new to the thread, please don't post the Mythbusters episode again. Mythbusters is entertaining but it's not history (or more specifically, it's not historical proof of anything.) The short answer is no, not that we know of. /u/davidaop, our pirate expert, and I have both answered [questions about th...
Could armored dinosaurs like Ankylosaurus and Nodosaurus swim?	[ "Very unlikely, because the Ankylosaurus was a walking tank. It weighed between 5 to 8 tons and was 6–8 metres long when fully grown. This weight was built up by the huge amount of osteoderms and bony plating on the animal. Frankly it's astounding that they could even stand. Given the amount of weight and density,...	[ "This has essentially been answered by the preceding comments, but what hasn't been contributed is this: _URL_0_. Muster and enrollment records, transfer lists, honours lists, etc, for the period of 1730 through 1898. Worth having, OP, if you're writing or researching the topic academically. To succinctly summarise...
Why would we want/need to "switch" planets?	[ "If this planet is somehow ruined, or on an unavoidable course to ruin, some people may want to go to another planet to allow the human race to continue living. However, there's no foreseeable circumstance where the human race as a group can 'abandon ship.' We wouldn't even be able to build enough ships to keep up ...	[ "Specializing helps with optimization. Cows can't eat meat, but their teeth and multiple stomachs are ideal for eating grass. Humans have to have sharp teeth for meat and grinding teeth for plants and our digestive system is inefficient at processing plant matter. Versatility is obviously useful, but there are trad...
How does a seemingly unscripted show create cutscenes?	[ "When you say cutscenes, do you mean like how they switch from the action of a guy chopping salad, to the same guy in a chair going \"I felt terrible when I messed up the salad\"? Those are recorded after actual show's events complete, they sit down and ask the person TONNNNNS of questions, so they have lots of res...	[ "Look, bro, I guess I'll break it down for you since you haven't figured it out yet. Award shows are just commercials. They're big long commercials paid for by the industry. How are they supposed to make $$$ off the guy if they don't promote him?" ]
What is all the (identifying) information given to websites when you access them?	[ "IP address: * Rough location * ISP User agent string: * Operating system * Browser Cookies: * Identify you and your activity from previous visits JavaScript: * Screen size * Single Threaded CPU speed * Local computer time AJAX via JavaScript: * Any information available via JSONP enabled API on oth...	[ "They run it through a machine (algorithm) that scrambles text into an unrecognizable pattern. This machine is special. It can’t unscramble, it always scrambles things the same way, and it will never scramble different text into the same pattern. So, they run your password through the machine and hold onto the patt...
How are snakes and reptiles able to consume entire animals without chewing, while I have almost died from choking on a taco shell?	[ "Here is a link to help. They basically have a tube that is separate from their throat, so they do not choke [click here](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "Yes, we understand this is a NSFW thread. Please refrain from commenting \",\" to save it. This isn't AskReddit or a \"Fap Later\" thread. It's an thread talking about the anatomy of taking large objects into your body. If it turns you on that much, [Reddit Gold gives you the ability to save comments](_URL_1_).....
Where does our connotations of good/bad with the directions right/left come from?	[ "Hi! There's lots of room for discussion here, but just FYI, there was a comment from /u/itsallfolklore that you may find interesting * [Why has \"left\" (the side, including being left handed) been seen as negative over history and across cultures? ](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "Visual cues, basically. Check out this [description](_URL_0_) by astronaut Scott Kelly, who spent almost a year on the ISS: > I would wake up convinced that I was upside down, because in the dark and without gravity, my inner ear took a random guess as to how my body was positioned in the small space. When I turn...
Aside from the dental aspects why is too much sugar so bad for your health?	[ "Your body is really good at converting extra calories into fat. And, it is especially good at doing this with simple sugar. Oddly enough, because of the hormone insulin, it is actually better at doing this with sugar than it is with fat! Now, in addition to this, increased sugar in you blood leads to organ and car...	[ "When you work out you actually tear your muscles. Once you are resting your body repairs them, and this is how you actually gain muscle mass. So naturally it needs nutrients and food to break down and convert into that new tissue. However when you just overeat without working out your body doesn't have any repair...
What is so special about primes?	[ "The important thing about primes is not that they can't be divided by other numbers, but that they make up other numbers, uniquely. This means that by studying prime numbers and their properties, you can study all numbers and their properties - tons of theorems of number theory start with taking the unique prime f...	[ "> But I'm just wondering if anybody can explain what exactly makes this process irreversible The fact that multiplication is easy, but factorization is hard." ]
How many galaxies/stars do we visually lose every year due to them accelerating and passing through the cosmological event horizon?	[ "We don't visually lose them. The light that they emit now will never reach us, but the light they emitted before will take longer and longer to reach us, so they'll just gradually get dimmer and more redshifted, but never completely disappear." ]	[ "Oh, but we do. It is an effect called gravitational lensing. Generally the effect is so small that it isn't noticeable without very sensitive instruments, but near massive sources of gravity like a black hole, it is definitely noticeable. One common example is what is called [Einstein's Ring](_URL_0_), click the l...
Why do I get canker sores in my mouth when I'm stressed out?	[ "The stress negatively affects you immune system and mucus membranes in your mouth, which leads to the initial canker sore. After it starts it take quite a long time to heal. Stress can also cause other health problems." ]	[ "I read an article a somewhere that said it was do the the \"roughness\" or randomness of the noise. As the fingers nails catch and slip it produces random variances in the amplitude and frequency of the noise. Our brains find the signal unpredictable and that somehow causes it the view it as a danger. There are a...
If we can one day upgrade our eyes to gather more detail than previously possible, would our brains be able to process it?	[ "I'm not qualified to answer your question directly, but you may be interested in researching neuroplasticity - changes in the structure of our brain due to changes in environment, behavior or injury. If what you are asking turns out to be possible, it will fall under this area of research at least partially." ]	[ "Building a car is easier than rebuilding a car that's been obliterated in a ghastly accident. You can follow the same steps to build the new car every time and it'll work every time. Rebuilding the totaled car is a lot trickier. Each case is unique. What's damaged? How badly? What can be saved? What needs to be ...
Vegas odds for betting on sports (the line, the spread, etc)	[ "I won't go into a lot of details, but i'll help you out for tonight's game, Broncos at Raiders: The line is at +17 Raiders and -17 Broncos meaning the Raiders are a 17 point underdog. If you bet on the Raiders and the Raiders \"cover\" (ie, lose by less than 17 or win the game), you will get paid. The Money Line i...	[ "The school is selling cookies to raise money. S & P 500 is a collection of the 500 highest selling students. Dow (Dow Jones Industrial Average) is the average of the schools 30 best students. NASDAQ is the schools largest bake sale (stock exchange), but students can't buy baked good from each other, it's done via...
Why can’t we see/feel the earth spinning? Is anything effected that we don’t easily notice?	[ "> why dont we feel the earth spinning. We cant feel velocity, because velocity alone doesn't create a force. In order for us to be able to feel something it has to have an acceleration. Its like when your in a car going a constant speed, and you dont feel like your moving until you either speed up or slow down. It...	[ "Imagine you build a spherical shell around the sun, just bigger than the sun itself, and that the shell is absorbing all the incident radiation. Each square-meter of this shell would be receiving a very large amount of power from the sun. Then imagine you double the radius of that shell. Now, because its surface a...
Why do Americans have two front doors?	[ "A screen door? So you can let air flow through the house without letting the bugs in." ]	[ "1. The East was settled first, most people chose to \"stay\" there. 2. West of that \"split\" is much less hospitable (geographically speaking). Lots of high plains, deserts, mountains, canyons, etc. The weather here can be very extreme. Compare this to the flatter, greener, less tornado-prone eastern half of the ...
why have the reposted pictures less quality than the original post?	[ "Iirc: whenever you post to, say, Facebook, the platform compresses the picture, by default. So, you take a pic with your phone and post it... Suppose its quality is defined by a value which is defined at 1'000'000. You post it and it goes to 100'000. Someone saves it, and reposts it, and it goes to 10'000. Someone...	[ "My guess? When you're dealing with a lot of makeup, prosthesis, special effects its easier to hide flaws. You can see acne under makeup in high def, you couldn't really see that back in the day. Just a guess." ]
Why are people allowed to carry handguns, but I can't carry a sword?	[ "I live in Maine, I can carry a sword anywhere I damn well please. I can carry pretty much any weapon so long as it's not concealed. There are very strict laws about concealed weapons however. edit: concealed weapons are usually the issue. Who said you couldn't carry a sword?" ]	[ "lock and key cultural stereotype. there is the idea that since men want sex more than women, if a guy can get a lot of sex from women, he's applauded. if a woman gets a lot of sex from a guy, she's abhorred. combined with more modern ideals, if a woman has a dildo she's empowering her sexuality, while if a man has...
Does acupuncture have any science-supported benefit for injury treatment?	[ "Not to be a spoil sport, but this question have been asked many times already. In the future, It is generally a good idea to use the search quickly before submitting question. _URL_1_ _URL_0_ _URL_2_ In short, there are no clear evident that acupuncture is any better then placebo." ]	[ "This is a pretty common question here; here's some links from the FAQ: _URL_2_ _URL_4_ and a few others that have been posted over the years: _URL_3_ _URL_1_ _URL_0_ Most posts agree that it is largely a post-war pop phenomenon with fairly little evidence to support it." ]
How exactly do we know how fast saturn is turning when it is all just gas? Do all layers of gas giants rotate at the same speed? How can we place a fixed point on a gas giant if its just one big sphere of gas?	[ "The visible features of Saturn rotate at different rates depending on their latitude (distance from the equator). Astronomers have developed three different systems for measuring the rotational speed of Saturn. System I is for regions around the planet’s equator. The System I rotation speed is 10 hours and 14 minu...	[ "All that a planet is is a large ball of matter that has 3 properties: * It orbits a star * It's massive enough that gravity has made it round * It has \"cleared its neighborhood\" of other bodies So a planet doesn't need to be made of rock, like Mercury, Venus, Earth, or Mars, to be a planet; any matter at all wil...
How Can Drugs Affect You for 12 Hours?	[ "[Drug metabolism](_URL_2_), includes two basic premises. [Pharmacokinetics](_URL_0_) and [pharmacodynamics](_URL_1_) which describe how drugs react within the body. A drug that is absorbed into the blood stream quickly may have a very long half life within the body because the enzymes and processes that break it d...	[ "Nobody knows for sure, is the short answer. The slightly longer but still short answer is that the best guess anyone has is that it's a temporary \"short circuit,\" of a sort, involving your long-term and short-term memory. Your knowledge of things that happened to you two seconds ago comes out of your short-ter...
How is the milk of a cow so beneficial to humans?	[ "It's not just cows. Milk of many mammals is as beneficial to humans (and, on a side-note, that benefit is debatable, and many humans are, in fact, not able to process it). Cows are just the animal we domesticated and started using for milk in a way that is ubiquitous in Western culture. In other cultures, oth...	[ "Marketing basically. Decades and decades of TV ads hammering home the idea that if you want to be seen as a normal successful member of society, you drink orange juice in the morning." ]
Why is it that you are supposed to sleep longer when you are younger, but yet when you are young you can get by on minimal sleep?	[ "When I was a kid sometimes I would have a night where I couldn't sleep or whatever, but then I eventually fall asleep and get like 2-3 hours, and I would wake get up and feel completely fine. I'm 22, which to most is still a time where you can get minimal sleep, but I already feel like I'm hitting a point where I ...	[ "Simply put for the same reason drinking water when you're not thirsty isn't as refreshing as when you're REALLY thirsty. Anticipating the bodies' needs doesn't trigger the same reward responses in the brain as fulfilling a need that is already present. Your muscles don't NEED to stretch right now, so you can't ant...
Why is volume measured in positive values (0dB for quiet, 100dB for loud) but on a sound mixing desk it goes from -infinity dB (quiet) to 0dB (loud)?	[ "I only learned this recently myself. The way to think of it is that when using the sound desk you are restricting the flow of sound passing through. So if you set it to 0db you are allowing all of the volume provided by the amplifiers to pass through, set it to -10db and you are cutting off the top 10db produced b...	[ "When you turn a switch on it closes a circuit, allowing electricity to flow. With simpler electric devices such as lamps, the switch is usually physically closing and opening the circuit, which can cause a small arc to form when the contacts are getting close to each other, kind of like how you get a static shock...
[Biology] Do probiotics actually work?	[ "Microbiome bioinformaticist here. It helps with very few diseases if any besides C diff mildy. Might help your GI tract a tad. Pretty much all the leaders in the field from the microbiome conferences I've been to seem doubtful at best that it does much more than that. Those probiotic species rarely establish them...	[ "Nothing that any other fizzy sweet drink doesn't do. Kombucha has no real health benefits. It's all hype." ]
Icy Hot and family jewels; why are they such terrible bedfellows?	[ "Millions of nerve endings per square cm of skin." ]	[ "It's basically a question of skin sensitivity, same reason why you shouldn't use certain shaving products (you know, this ones that like chemically burn them hairs) in certain parts of your body (like face or scrotum). Edit: I meant depilatory gels" ]
what is engineering tolerance?	[ "Tolerance is basically an amount that a specification is allowed to be off by. So, if you want something that's 35cm long, you'll never get exactly 35cm. Some precise measuring equipment will always find a difference, it might be 35.0001cm or something like that. So, if you say you want a 1mm tolerance, then the...	[ "A wise man once told me, \"You know what the difference is between smelling shit and eating shit? Parts per million.\"" ]
When and why did women start shaving their underarms and legs?	[ "If you do a search, you'll see this question has been answered many times. In short, a very, very, very long time ago and it was done for hygienic and beauty purposes." ]	[ "We have sent landers to Venus in the past, the problem is that Venus is a hellhole. The Soviets landed a few probes in the 60s and 70s in order to study the atmosphere and get temperature and pressure readings. On of these probes, Venera 7, was actually the first spacecraft to land on another planet and return da...
How does netflix make money from an original series like Jessica Jones, enough money to justify the production costs	[ "Much like the reason people signed up in droves for HBO a decade ago because they didn't want to miss out on the Sopranos, Netflix is banking on the fact that access to their original creations via subscription to Netflix will drive memberships in a big way." ]	[ "check out /r/darknetmarkets if youre surprised people doing illegal shit can still monetize it online. They sell drugs on the internet, and very rarely do people get caught. Shit's cray. and no, in the case of illegal internet sites (clearnet or darknet), the Identity of whoever runs the site is usually unknown. I...
How does calorie counting make you lose weight if you eat the extra calories gained by exercising?	[ "Wow - you seem confused. First of all: Check out _URL_1_ Second: Work out your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) here: _URL_0_ If you want to lose weight, then eat 500kcal below this value CONSISTENTLY. Note that the TDEE calculation takes exercise into account. You can absolutely lose weight without exercisin...	[ "When you \"delete\" a file, you're just telling the computer to forget that it's there, and use the space when it needs to. The computer doesn't go and wipe that section of hard drive, because that would be a waste of time--it just overwrites whatever's there the next time it needs the space. That means you can ...
What was the process of Taiwan's removal from the UN's permanent Security Council like?	[ "Taiwan wasn't a member in the sense that the UN decided to give one little island a permanent seat. They were recognized as the true government of all of China, and had a strong presence there until they were eventually forced to flee the mainland to Taiwan in 1949. By 1971 the People's Republic (communist China...	[ "hi! in addition to /u/Jack_of_all_offs' link, here are a few more related discussions you may find of interest * [To what extent was the Tiananmen Square movement actually motivated by democracy?](_URL_1_) * [I've just read that there was no massacre of students in Tiananmen Square on June 4th 1989. What's the dea...
Would the global spread of solar panels lower temperatures globally since heat is being converted to electricity instead of being reflected?	[ "[This](_URL_0_) is my response to a similar question asked 9 months ago. Essentially, it depends on what the solar panels are covering. However, /u/teraflop 's comment is incorrect. If the ocean were covered in solar panels (given infinite storage), the earth would cool some, because deep water converts sunlight t...	[ "I wish I had a 5 year old that I could get to pronounce zooxanthellae :) Corals are like tiny farmers that farm tiny plants. Sometimes, the tiny plants can't survive because something happens that hurts the plants, and then both the plants and the coral farmers die. There are a lot of things that can hurt the ti...
As a person who doesn't live in USA, why does everyone go so mental on Black Friday deals?	[ "Very few places gets crazy, it's just that when they do everyone hears about it. It's just a day that many stores put a lot of products on sale." ]	[ "Horse meat isn't rare at all. You can get it in many parts of europe. Tastes ok too. Anyway, that's culture. The same reason we think that bacon and eggs is a breakfast food, and don't eat grasshoppers." ]
Why is every creature's jaw (that I was able to find) split in top and bottom, not left and right?	[ "One thing that hasn't been mentioned yet - while our jaw splits top from bottom, the skull does not move, only the jaw. If you were to rotate this 180º so that you chew sideways, you'd likely still have one part that's stationary and the other that moves to chew food. And this would create asymmetry in the anatomy...	[ "This phenomenon is called the \"Pain Gate Theory\". When you injure yourself, pain signals travel from the site of injury to your brain. When you do something else to that part of the body, for example rubbing it with your hand, this also sends signals to your brain. However, because both signals are coming fr...
What the American gov't could have gained by plotting 9/11	[ "There are a couple things the government could have gained. To be clear though, 9/11 was not perpetrated or allowed to happen by the US government and all of the below \"gains\" are stupid for various reasons. * Pretext for war with Middle Eastern countries, specifically Iraq so that we could secure oil fields f...	[ "A very vague question that has lots of answers but in short: * Industrial success * Almost constant innovation in multiple sectors and industries * Military success, monetary and financial domination (especially in setting up the US Dollar as pretty much the de facto international currency in global transactions)...
corporate take buy outs, who gets the money.	[ "The shareholders, I believe that with the AT & T/time Warner Cable merger that it is $117 half stock half cash, so if you had 2 twc shares you would get $117 worth of AT & T stock and $117 in cash." ]	[ "Anti-trust laws give the Department of Justice the authority to make that call. It is decided case-by-case by the courts. The Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice did indeed file a lawsuit arguing against the merger. In court, \"New Charter\" agreed to a list of concessions and regulations in order to c...
What chemical interactions happen inside humans to cause depression?	[ "Dopamine regulates the pleasure-reward feeling you get when you do something you enjoy. When dopamine levels are low you become unmotivated, experience feelings of helplessness and lose interest in things that used to interest you. But that's just one of many many factors. There's no magical cure for depression. G...	[ "Hey, I made a quick [video](_URL_4_) to answer your video! If you don't want to watch the video here's what I run over: - Sometimes our thoughts wander, leading us to a thought that we may see as sad or depressing! This can be done subconsciously and without us knowing! - Stimuli can affect our mood, for example: ...
How were rape victims treated by their community during the Medieval period in Europe? What about rape survivors during wartime?	[ "The thing you have to understand is that in Medieval Europe, a crime such as rape wasn't seen as a crime against a person, but a crime against morality. In some cases, both the raped and the rapist would be condemned, sometimes to execution, for crimes against morality. \"Rape\" wasn't really the crime, it was mo...	[ "Is this a homework question? It says in our [rules](_URL_2_): Our users aren't here to do your homework for you, but they might be willing to help. Remember: AskHistorians helps those who help themselves. Don't just give us your essay/assignment topic and ask us for ideas. Do some research of your own, then come t...
Towards the end of a long night of drinking why am I congested?	[ "Biologist here: Alcohol is a Vasodilator, which means it dilates blood vessels, especially near the skin. This is why people often flush red in the face, or bleed easier and more profusely when drinking. One of the consequences of this effect is the small capillaries in your nose and sinuses, dilate causing the ti...	[ "> When you're outside on a cold day, your nose tries its best to warm up the cold air you breathe before sending it to the lungs. Tiny blood vessels inside your nostrils open wider (dilate), helping to warm up that air. But that extra blood flow leads to more mucus production. You know what happens next. Drip, dri...
Why is there a supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy?	[ "Congrats, you've stumbled upon a major open question in astrophysics." ]	[ "Every object's gravity is stronger the closer you are to it. Until you get close to its event horizon, a BH's gravity is almost the same as that of ay other object with the same mass." ]
Books on Roman Historiography and Military	[ "I read a great book for my Ancient History major work on the Roman Military which helped me extensively as it includes detailed figures of military formations and the strategy behind the generals thoughts and step by step drawings of the different stages of major battles. I highly recommend this book as most of my...	[ "Way too quiet in here! Everyone seems to be watching the World Cup... A technical question: How does everyone search for book reviews? Is jstor's search usually comprehensive enough when it comes to history/humanities journals?" ]
Could I legally own an Iron Man-like armor, in theory?	[ "All of the weapons systems would need some kind of licensing, or are just straight up illegal. Lasers would need to be key - switch operated. If you made it fly, you'd need to register that and maybe get a pilot's license." ]	[ "Copyright laws vary from country to country. Even within one country, the US for example, the laws are different for various durations due to the existing laws at the time the work was created." ]
Why can't two anti-virus protectors work together?	[ "Let's say you hire two security guards to guard your bank - without telling each other. When one of them sees the other enter the bank at night, with a gun, would you be surprised if he just shoots him? The security guards will be able to work as a team, only if they know each other and work out a way to share the...	[ "Brains easily perform many, many tasks hat are difficult for computer. Take that we know brains are optimized for pattern-finding. Consider intelligent life forms have to interact with a real 3-world and real time. Which means they can check their expectations. Testings a supposition is as simple as rotating an o...
Would a "wind lens" improve the thrust of a propeller?	[ "Yes, it can benefit a propeller. The concept for a prop or rotor is called a [ducted fan.](_URL_0_) You'll see them on the tail rotor for many production helicopters. They work by decreasing losses at the blade tips thereby increasing efficiency. You don't often see them in large scale applications, because they h...	[ "Legs would be blown into the windshield. [Here] (_URL_0_) is a youtube video showing exactly what would happen." ]
The economics of a chinese buffet. (how do they make enough money?)	[ "I could think of some reasons why but they may not be the whole truth: * You don't need as much staff because you aren't serving people at their tables * You have a set menu so you can make things in bulk and have less chefs required for cooking * You can order food in bulk since you will have a pretty good idea o...	[ "Each culture has an 'in' to a particular business in each area. So, one Korean family will come and open a dry cleaning business. When their cousins come, they will tell them the tricks of the trade and the regulations and have the business model set, so their cousins open up another cleaning business one town ove...
How do things like creams, liquids, and lotions easily soothe and heal you by just touching your skin?	[ "Your skin isn't solid, on the smaller scales. Its actually a lot like a structure made of [bricks and mortar](_URL_0_). Certain chemicals and methods can use the tiny fissures to allow compounds to reach your dermis. That part of your skin can more readily absorb chemicals, much like your digestive system. Not as ...	[ "There's a very fascinating documentary on this concept of modern-day marketing. The documentary is called \"[Century of the Self](_URL_0_) (it's long, but very good). Essentially, the way companies used to market was by way of practicality. \"Buy this because it has amazing features.\" Now, most everything is mar...
The difference between runway fashion and consumer products.	[ "Think of it sort of like concept cars at auto shows... they show an overall trend and concept exploration, which will inevitably be toned down once they get some feedback from influences and potential customers. They may stick with the colors and fabrics, but not the outlandish cuts baring body parts not shown in ...	[ "Many high end restaurants (or restaurant suppliers) get first pick. Particularly when it comes to meats and other things that spoil quickly. How many people at your supermarket are willing to pay top dollar for prime or whagu steak? Vs people going to a steak house." ]
How can the temperature of the vacuum of space be measured when there is almost no matter to measure?	[ "> temperature is dependent on the average kinetic energy of matter This is false, it's a common high-school mantra that is not true in general. Generally it is meant the temperature of the CMBR. The CMBR has a thermal spectrum / is in thermal equilibrium and thus has a definite temperature of 2.7 K. It looks like ...	[ "They use [spectrographs](_URL_0_), a device which measures the light that comes off that planet. This works because most substances have their own spectral fingerprint, which is very recognizable. For example, if you hold salt in a candleflame and look at the spectrum, it will have a bright orange emission line, ...
[META] How did you get interested in history?	[ "I enjoy knowing the context as to why a current place/peoples are, the way they are." ]	[ "> If you could provide multiple sources that would be great! Are you looking for help with a school paper? I've written about this on AskHistorians before; I just need to know how to help you best. :)" ]
What role did pragmatic factors play in the spread of "You" and in the loss of "Thou" in the English language?	[ "hi! this question might be a better job for /r/Linguistics, but related questions have been asked here before, so check these out for previous responses [During what period of time did the informal you form, of 'thou' start to and finally become archaic in English?](_URL_1_) [How did the English informal pronouns ...	[ "Read up on [Paul Ekman](_URL_1_) and his development of the [Facial Action Coding System](_URL_0_). A good introduction/explanation of his research is found in the book [Blink](_URL_2_) by Malcolm Gladwell. The short answer to your question is, 'no'. From the wikipedia article on Paul Ekman linked to above: > Ek...
my wife and I are on the keto diet and my 7 year old daughter asked how meat had no carbs even though the animals eat carbs. I didn't have a very good answer	[ "Meat does have carbs. It has sugars in it (that is how it browns), but it is low carb. The animal uses the carbs that it consumes to fuel it growth, let it move, and fuel its various bodily functions. Just like us excess carbs are converted into fat and stored in that manner. The only carbs left in the meat by the...	[ "One way is to word everything as a question. So if your headline reads \"Is Kim Kardashian a Hobbit?\" then nobody can sue you because, hey, you're just asking questions. Another strategy is to use so-called weasel words. Instead of saying \"Kim Kardashian is a Hobbit\", you say \"Some people have claimed Kim was...
Why does our money (USD) have value if it isn't backed by anything, such as gold?	[ "Gold has value because we agree it has value. USD has value because we agree it has value. You might as well ask why does Gold have value if it isn't backed by anything, such as rice?" ]	[ "If you have Netflix there's a very good documentary titled \"the world without US\" It explains your exact question." ]
Why are schizophrenics able to identify their influences as "voices" (distinguishing them from people), but unable to avoid the effect that the voices have on their behavior?	[ "Plenty can and do. (And plenty of schizophrenics don't hear voices at all.)" ]	[ "Almost instantaneously, your mouth will begin to open, and words will just just come out \"Well, as vegan, I think...\" Once you identify as a vegan, the power of it is overwhelming. You will also begin to fell superior to others, and feel that you are required to tell them how much better you are, due to the vega...
How do Keygen programmes work?	[ "The programs in question have a specific bit of code that checks the key. This check is performed by an algorithm (i.e. fancy math equation) that determines if the key is valid or not; it doesn't store all possible valid keys, just the equation that determines a valid from invalid key. If you get into the code of ...	[ "Lets say that the game its a house. Denuvo was a lock to the the door. They found a hole in the wall, the lock wasnt craked yet." ]
Searching for the Theory of Everything, physicists have realised that General Relativity and Quantum Field Theory are incompatible. Suppose this means that at least one is wrong, then why do they still use them?	[ "They are not wrong, they are approximations, both very accurate in their own domains. Let's consider Newton's laws: by themselves and for almost all of human experience, they perfectly describe motion and gravity. They are an excellent approximation (and necessary simplification) for most engineering tasks. Try t...	[ "The collapse of the wavefunction is a claim made by some interpretations of QM. Your thinking assumes QM describes some objective reality. That is, there is some real physical entity, 'the wavefunction', that undergoes some real physical change 'collapse'. The most famous interpretation that talks of a collapse i...
Why we tip based on price, not amount / difficulty of service provided?	[ "This is why the tipping culture in the US is not good. Tipping should be a recognition of a relationship between server and customer, with a customer being grateful for the service they received, and recognising this with a gift of money. Instead, we see servers upselling to their customers to increase profits for...	[ "A few months ago they added the ability to give Reddit gold at the bottom of every comment. It used to be more complicated to do. It has become a social norm to reward good comments with Reddit gold." ]
Why do humans (and mammals in general, I suppose) have such an calorically high method of transporting sperm to the egg? [NSFW]	[ "because it's so fuckin' fun. Evolution favor those who are healthy. Therefore, the procreative act requires a good level of health in order to weed-out the slow pokes (pun intended)." ]	[ "Our brains didn't evolve with cars in mind. They evolved with, like, being hunted by a jaguar (or whatever) in mind. So your brain doesn't know what to do with a car. It thinks hey, we're sitting, our body's not really doing anything physical, there's very little activity or stimulus... this seems like a good time...
How do religions and mythologies differentiate between “spirit” and “soul?”	[ "In the Christian Bible the two are used multiple times and refer to different things depending on the translation. The word spirit refers to the immaterial facet of humanity. Humans have spirits, but are not spirits. In scripture, only believers are said to be spiritually alive. The spirit is the element of human...	[ "Salt & Pepper season our food. They make it taste better. Spices & Herbs flavor our food. They make it taste different. Season everything. source: Chef." ]
Does ice conduct electricity?	[ "An IEEE paper I found (Arcone, DC resistivity measurement of model saline ice sheets) gives resistivities for saline ice as on the order of 10-100 ohm\\m. For comparison, Seawater at room temperature has a resistivity on the order of 0.1 ohm\\m; see [wiki's page on resistivity](_URL_0_), which has a handy table....	[ "There’s a bunch of people in your tongue, and they have a weird name. They call themselves TRPM8, and they’re proteins. They specifically tell your tongue when it’s really really cold. Mint gums or candy have a chemical, called methonal, that tells them that they’re REALLY cold, and in turn, your tongue thinks yo...
In a place where gravity is really low (could be 0), would a human being die because the heart couldn't pump blood properly?	[ "Nope, that's why astronauts survive in their jobs." ]	[ "If by \"jumped\" you mean \"stepped off\", you'd just stay there floating next to the elevator. If you mean \"jumped\" as in jump up, you'd be putting yourself in an orbit that had a perigee at geosynchronous altitude and apogee slightly higher, with a period of slightly longer than a day. So relative to the eleva...
On another planetary system, could humans be giant?	[ "Such hypothetical / speculative / open-ended questions are better suited for our new-ish sister sub /r/asksciencediscussion. Please consider reposting there instead." ]	[ "[Epigenetics](_URL_1_) affect how \"expressed\" a gene is (which for a trait like \"size\" in humans effects multiple factors like growth hormone at a body-level view AND protein regulation at a cellular-level view) and that can most definitely be affected by environmental factors. If you're interested in how gene...
How does Oculus Rift work?	[ "The basic explanation of it is that it has two screens; one for each eye. It shows a 3D image by playing a slightly different image on each screen; the image for the left eye is slightly to the left of the one for the right eye, so it works just like 3D glasses. It also has a myriad of sensors that can detect the ...	[ "I thought it was explained pretty well by this old tek syndicate video _URL_1_ Definitely worth a watch!" ]
How do nerves interpret the movement of molecules as heat?	[ "Your cells have ion channels whose permeability to certain ions is influenced by temperature. By changing the permeability of the channels you change the electrochemical gradient of the cell which can easily be translated into an action potential. Really they aren't directly measuring the speed of molecules, they'...	[ "One of the main reasons that your body aches when you are sick, like with a cold is that your body's immmune system is producing plenty of anti-bodies. These anti-bodies also produce histamines which typically dilates (widens) blood vessel near an infection, this allows for more of the body's defences to get at th...
Why can we recognize so many celebrities and fictional characters if the human mind is only supposed to be able to know about 200-250 people?	[ "So the first thing you have to understand is that it's not about 'knowing who they are'. It's about maintaining a certain level of relationship with people. The numbers were actually 100-250 initially (150 on average) and were called Dunbar numbers named after the psychologist who studied the phenomenon later oth...	[ "The brain doesn't work like a regular silicon based computer which has a finite storage space. On your computer there's a specific spot for \"stuff\" and it's stored as zeroes and ones. In the brain your brain literally builds the information out of connections between neurons. It's not putting stuff in a slot whi...
How do white blood cells recognize 'harmful' organisms to attack those?	[ "Immune cells have receptors that detect something that shouldn't be there. Different immune cells have different receptors, such as how macrophages have a macrophage mannose receptor, but others don't. Alternatively, all body cells have a specific protein on their surface that's basically a \"Hi I'm friendly don...	[ "Because to our primitive ancestors, different usually meant bad. That tuber smells different? Probably rotten, don't eat it. Your dog acting weird? Might have rabies, stay away. That stranger looks different than you? Probably from a rival tribe, and up to no good." ]
What was the Russian Empires response to the American Revolution?	[ "I will provide you books after I come home. Russia was the first member of League of Armed Neutrality - international organization which aim was securing arms trade with American rebels. It didn't achieve anything, except the British declaration of war to Netherlands. Also, Russia recognized US in beginning of XIX...	[ "How would we know what an \"average citizen\" thought? Every text we have is produced by the elite class. Whether people lost friends or family is impossible to know in the specifics. We do know that military disaster did not affect the political careers of the generals involved. Rosenstein in Imperatores Victi ...
Why not use fat for breast implants?	[ "The body can reabsorb that fat and place it where it wants." ]	[ "Playboy is a household name. 0G Juggs isn't. One looks good on any modeling resume (not to mention the contacts), the other is kinda limited." ]
Why can't I just go to a website's coding, copy it, then put it on my own?	[ "Back in the olden days of the internet (2002), this answer would be a lot more straightforward. Webpages were pieces of solo content, static html pages, and copying from them was clearly crossing a line. Nowadays, with content management systems like Wordpress and libraries to help complex processing, a webpage i...	[ "Becsuse all tux's basically look the same, just different sizes and are a basic loose fit. Easy for many men to wear the same thing. But theres a bajillion styles of wedding dresses and different styles for different shapes and they're usually fitted. Odds of finding a generic sized dress in a style you like that ...
Why aren't charger/data ports in phones shaped more like a headphone jack?	[ "Headphone jacks aren't really a great design, but they usually work OK if you only have a small number of signals. If you want to use a bunch of signals, making sure that each of them has a solid connection can get tricky. It's just not a great system from a mechanical point of view, and that can result in cruddy ...	[ "Simply to hold it in place. If you look [here](_URL_0_) or [here](_URL_1_) you can see that the prongs on the female line up perfectly with the holes on the male." ]
< WARNING - PROBABLY A DUMB QUESTION > ELI5: If theres snow on the peak of mount everest, does that mean there are clouds 30000 feet up? If so, how are there clouds in such thin oxygen?	[ "Mount Everest isn't really that high in relative terms. The mountain comes in just shy of 30,000 feet -- a good 12,000 feet lower than the maximum cruising height of many airliners. Precipitation-forming clouds can be rather high -- thunderstorm-producing cumulonimbus clouds can sometimes reach 60,000 feet in alt...	[ "1. The light from the Sun doesn't \"block\" other light, especially not in space. 2. Thus astronauts certainly can see stars when in space. 3. On Earth the atmosphere scatters the light of the Sun, of other stars, and of the Moon, making it much harder to see fainter stars and other details. In space, there is n...
Pair production and pair annihilation query.Physicists, please help.	[ "Good question. What you find with pair production is that it can only occur in the presence of an electric field. The reaction you described is called \"pair production in the nuclear field\" and it takes place in the vicinity of an atomic nucleus. So the pair production photon interacts with a virtual photon in...	[ "There are several different ways people are trying to create large orders of Entangled qubits. One of the most promising methods (which IBM have focussed on) is the use of superconductors called a Josephson Junctions. The Wikipedia entry is a good starting point, especially if you pull up and read through the sour...
How do they decaffeinate coffee and tea?	[ "Yarr! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [How is the caffeine removed from decaffeinated tea and coffee? ](_URL_1_) 1. [ELI5: How do they decaffeinate coffee and teas? ](_URL_5_) 1. [ELI5: How do they take the caffeine out of tea and coffee to make decaffeinated versions? ](_URL_9_) 1. ...	[ "They don't know yet and they don't yet. They have kind of worked out brain chemicals causing it sometimes and pills to regulate the brain chemistry, but clearly it's not as easy as it sounds and it's different for different people." ]
How do humans meet the brains glucose demand of 420kcal (105g sugar) per day?	[ "You need 1500~2000kcal per day, so that 420kcal is a big portion (but an easily achievable amount). Your body turns other calories (like that 100g of rice's ~130kcal) into glucose to power your brain, through the glycogenesis process in the liver. That's what keeps glucose in your blood in high enough concentrati...	[ "The exponents are typically called \"share weights\" because they are the share of income that the consumer will spend on that good. So if u(x,y)=(x\\^a)\\*(y\\^b), the consumer will spend a/(a+b) of her income on good x and b/(a+b) of her income on good y. What that means in practice is that in a Cobb-Douglas wo...
How did they discover that adding all those random ingredients together would make a cake?	[ "It is sort of evolution. You start out with our ancestors cracking open eggs and slurping the liquids inside. Some other ancestor found wild grass seeds and chewed on them. A third one saw a calf drinking from an utter. A fourth one found salt either in a cave or on a rocky shore. A fifth one ate some sugar beets ...	[ "They pretty much don't. However website owners have the option to tell Google \"hey, I have a site here, check it out!\" When pages don't link to each other, website owners have the option to host a special file, named sitemap, that does list all content that should be searched for." ]
How come no matter where I sit around a bonfire, the goddamn smoke always hits me directly in the eyes	[ "Two reasons - Firstly, your body creates a wind shadow, that pulls air from the fire to fill in that shadow. Secondly, it usually doesn't - the smoke moves around randomly. But you only notice the times it gets in your eyes. It's a classic case of \"confirmation bias\"." ]	[ "Because you have a fixed object (the horizon) as a reference point. When the sun is high in the sky, it's hard to tell how fast it's moving because there's nothing around it. When it gets close to the horizon, it's easy to see its motion compared to something else that's not moving." ]
What's the purpose of Eliminating the EPA?	[ "This is political; there will some bias in my answer. I'll keep it to a minimum. The people who are trying to eliminate the EPA feel as though government regulation is strangling business. They feel as though eliminating the EPA will allow businesses to engage in cost-cutting, profit-creating measures. Others feel...	[ "What the framers wrote bears only a rough relationship to what we have now. The Electors were selected by the States, in whatever way the States wanted. Direct popular vote, by the States legislature, was up to them. Originally the Electors were voting for two candidates, both for President. (One had to be from a ...
WTF is fracking and why are half of my FB friends against it?	[ "Fracking is a technology that uses water pressure to create fissures (tiny cracks) in shale rock formations that allow oil and gas to flow up the well for collection. (since it is lighter than water) A lot of people are against fracking because it can potentially destroy the local communities way of life by creati...	[ "This is a very common question. You can use search to find [all the other really good answers](_URL_0_ ). This is instant, and faster than ust typing in your question every time. It's a way of cheating elections. Read the others, and then ask a more specific question." ]
What causes old people’s voices to sound so distinct?	[ "When we age our vocal chords weaken and become drier. Our respiratory systems and torsos change, too, with our lungs and chest cavities becoming more rigid, while our spines curve, causing us to stoop over (for some a little, others a lot). Weakened and dry vocal chords become stringy, which prevent normal vibrati...	[ "Tangier Island, VA was long super isolated and they're considered to have the oldest original American accent in the country _URL_0_ They speak how Americans were believed to speak in the 1600s" ]
what are complex numbers?	[ "[A Visual, Intuitive Guide to Imaginary Numbers](_URL_0_) - Once you've properly grasped imaginary numbers, the last part of this post does a great job in helping you understand complex numbers." ]	[ "The id is your desire for this cookie. (::) The ego is your practical plan to get this cookie. (::) The superego torpedoes your plan because it's my cookie, and stealing is wrong. Munch." ]
Why doesn't Kuribayashi get the same treatment in the historical community as Rommel?	[ "I think if we're looking for a Japanese version of Rommel then it has to go out to Tomoyuku Yamshita also known as \"The Tiger of Malay.\" He executed a masterful campaign reaching down the Malay peninsula towards Singapore and then inflicted Britain's greatest defeat arguably in history while being outnumbered al...	[ "This has essentially been answered by the preceding comments, but what hasn't been contributed is this: _URL_0_. Muster and enrollment records, transfer lists, honours lists, etc, for the period of 1730 through 1898. Worth having, OP, if you're writing or researching the topic academically. To succinctly summarise...
Did sailors back in the day (say mid-1700's) have issues with things like skin cancer from excessive sun exposure?	[ "Thank you all for the insightful and detailed answers! Very interesting stuff." ]	[ "In The Recollections of Rifleman Harris, they walked, everywhere. I mean miles and miles and miles. All the time. That kind of constant movement will keep you trim. For example, when Harris enlisted, he walked to where his training and post were, then walked to port to take a boat to Ireland where he walked everyw...
If a war veteran suffers from PTSD and kills a person/people, what happens?	[ "They would go to trial where they would likely plead insanity/mentally incompetent and be placed under the ward of the state (see: asylum) until they are deemed fit for the general population. That is provided the arresting officer didn't shoot them." ]	[ "A confession is rarely enough evidence in itself to convict, the defendent must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. False confessions do get made, _URL_0_, and because of this, they are not in themselves enough evidence to convict. If the \"strong evidence\" along with the confession doesn't convince the j...
Do antler animals feel their antlers?	[ "Antlers are only alive when they are growing, covered in a thin fuzzy skin called velvet that feeds the growing bone. They can feel with the antlers then to some extent, but once growth is finished the antler bone dies and will fall off after a period of time, and they have no sensation." ]	[ "How do you know a year has passed without looking at a calendar? I imagine they sense the temperature/climate changes like anything else." ]
Do proton pumps transfer actual protons across a membrane or do they transfer hydronium ions?	[ "Proton pumps transfer actual H+ ions across membranes. When the H+ is released on the other side, I presume it is favorable for it to form a hydronium ion. The actual charge transfer through the protein, however, is done with pure protons. Additionally, it's probably not one unique proton that is going all the way...	[ "Around 1669, there was a German alchemist named Hennig Brand. He was in search of gold, and thought that it came from within man. What color is gold? It's a shade of yellow. What else is yellow that everyone is familiar with? Urine. So off went Hennig on a quest to extract gold from pee. He boiled down 5,500 liter...

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