Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Why do some lightbulbs make white light and others yellow light?	[ "Incandescent (filament) bulbs are generally on the warmer side, but the century old tech can't produce actual 'daylight' light which has a temperature color of around 5600 °K. Fluorescent lights tend to be on the cold/blueish side and LEDs, which are fast replacing both Fluo and incandescent tech are available in ...	[ "The ones that click twice in each position are made for a \"3-way bulb\". That's a bulb with two filaments, low and high. They are made to do low, high, low+high, off. But if you put a regular single filament bulb in that socket, you get off, on, on, off. (It's only on when the \"high\" filament is supposed to ...
French invasion of Russia 1812	[ "Aside from the Walter diary, one of the most harrowing accounts of 1812 is Sergeant Bourgogne - with Napoleon's Imperial Guard in the Russian campaign and on the retreat from Moscow 1812 - 13 by Adrien Bourgogne who typified the Imperial Guard's hard fighting grumblers. *A Soldier for Napoleon The Campaigns of L...	[ "Hi, I've approved the post, but just a note to you and potential respondents: this subreddit has a 20-year rule against discussing current events, so any answers will have to cut off at 1997. If you're looking for answers that can include 1998-2012, do consider x-posting elsewhere, eg. a foreign affairs sub like /...
What are the most founded theories and potential explanations for what happened to Roanoke Colony in North Carolina?	[ "Some of my uni professors in the dendrochronology lab (tree rings) at the U of Arkansas did research on this by studying the climate of the area all the way back to about 1100. The research revealed that the 3 year period surrounding the colony was the driest, most extreme period of drought in the 800 years studie...	[ "Since this is a homework question, we expect a little more effort from you. What research have you done so far for your paper? What are your findings so far? Is there anything specific you have a question about?" ]
what is a ".dll", how does it work and what use does it have.	[ "Lots of programs on your computer will want to do the same kind of things (eg, printing). So that the people who make the programs don't have to recreate all the functionality from scratch, the commons features are written once and kept in a DLL. A DLL can't be run on its own --- it is like a drill bit without the...	[ "Have you tried searching before posting this? This has been asked a dozen times, and some of those answers might be helpful." ]
Why do humans grow older and older with each generation but cats and dogs don't even though they have a similar quality of life?	[ "If you are talking about life expectancies of dogs and cats, they have increased. Cats living out in the wild live 2-5 years on average (less for toms, more for queens). Cats in captivity live 12-16 years. As living conditions for animals and veterinary care have improved, live expectancies have improved as well. ...	[ "Every time you make a copy of a cell, there is a chance for errors. For example when you photocopy a first print, it is pretty crisp and close to the original, but there are a few minor discrepencies. Now if you photocopy the copy, it gets more distorted, and so on until some letters get hard to read, it gets diff...
Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology	[ "What is game theory in economics and how does it apply to day to day life of the average person? How can one use economical game theory to their favor?" ]	[ "I recall reading somewhere that the language you speak alters your perception. Have there been studies to find out to what degree it might do this? i.e. We have a lot of sentences that start with \"I\". Does that effect how we think towards being more interested in our selves?" ]
Does NASA have an official protocol for if/when they find proof of extraterrestrial life? If so, what is it?	[ "Last I heard (5 or 6 years ago) there was only 1 federal document about what do in case of aliens. It's contained in a firefighters manual, because they are first responders and will have to deal with immediate impact of people panicking. It pretty much just says don't let people fuck with it or try to shoot it. E...	[ "The IRS has admitted to unfairly targeting groups during the 2012 election, based solely on the fact that their requests for tax-exemption contained the words \"Tea Party\" or \"Patriot\" in the name. The initial revelation on Thursday claimed that this was solely an activity of \"lower-level\" employees in Cincin...
Friday Free-for-All \| August 26, 2016	[ "I was reminded of this exchange with a colleague in a previous job, and I feel the need to share the pain. \"So,\" he said. \"I've been watching the History Channel a bit. This medieval thing you do. Is that before or after World War I?\" (My part of the exchange involved some involuntary jaw movements.)" ]	[ "Hi there, I've approved this question but you may want to reword it so the question is actually in the title. Most of our flaired users have alerts set up that search titles for keywords, that one isn't going to get you anywhere unfortunately :-)." ]
Were there attempts by the founding fathers of the American Revolution to incite revolutions in other British Colonies to try to distract/overwhelm the British?	[ "This isn't a response, but it might add some context. Based on the way the history of the American Revolution is taught in the United States, many people leave with an impression of Britain as a tremendous global empire of which the Thirteen Colonies were only a minor part. In reality, the empire looked like [this...	[ "Is this a homework question? It says in our [rules](_URL_2_): Our users aren't here to do your homework for you, but they might be willing to help. Remember: AskHistorians helps those who help themselves. Don't just give us your essay/assignment topic and ask us for ideas. Do some research of your own, then come t...
Who was the furthest person ever from the Earth?	[ "James Lovell, John \"Jack\" Swigert and Fred Haise during the Apollo 13 mission--Yes, the one that had the explosion. They passed the far side of the moon by roughly 100 km higher than any other Apollo mission thus being the farthest humans have ever been from Earth. Edit: On top of the higher lunar altitude for A...	[ "We don't know, such a temperature has never been achieved and is theoretically impossible to obtain. So there really isn't a definite answer to that question." ]
Why does mint gum hold its flavor longer vs. sweet gum, like Juicy Fruit?	[ "Mint gums have minty additives that irritate the mouth and give you the impression that flavor is still there. Think of toothpaste. Toothpastes have additives that irritate the mouth and give your mouth a sensation that we come to associate with being \"clean\". So the sensation from mint gums lasts longer than t...	[ "Sticking your tongue out or biting your lip while concentrating is not really that weird. Michael Jordan was famous for his tongue sticking out while going up for a dunk. It is an example of what’s called motor overflow or motor disinhibition. It happens sometimes when our brains are working really hard at somethi...
Do we have any journals from Europeans were marooned at sea during the age of exploration?	[ "Indeed we do, albeit the ones we do have come along towards the end of the Golden Age of Piracy. In fact, the fictional story of Robinson Crusoe is thought to be based off of the real story if Scottish buccaneer and self-inflicted castaway [Alexander Selkirk](_URL_0_). He was rescued, much like his fictional count...	[ "A lot! O'Callaghan is a good general history. Also check out: [Medieval Spains](_URL_2_) -another good general work [Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain](_URL_4_) - another O'Callaghan, talking in particular about the philosophical underpinnings of the Reconquest [Medieval Iberia](_URL_1_) - a collection of p...
What is the effect of detergent on membrane proteins?	[ "Detergents definitely don't digest proteins. You need a protease like trypsin for that, or really, really, strong base or acid. Generally, a detergent is good for solubilizing proteins, especially integral membrane proteins that are adapted to reside in a nonpolar environment. They can also prevent aggregation." ...	[ "My Freshman Biology teacher explained it like this. The soap grabs onto whatever's on your hands. Dirt, bacteria, whatever. And it's with the soap right? Then you rinse the soap down the drain with water. And down goes the dirt." ]
What is the origin of the rubber duck?	[ "Followup: What about rubber chickens? I don't think the younger generations might be aware of it, but rubber chickens were a staple in American comedy (and possibly other countries?) for decades. There's nothing particularly funny about them that stands out from any other prop yet they were the go-to comedy prop i...	[ "Thank you for your submission! Unfortunately, your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): You can find the basic answer with a google / wiki search. Please start there and come back with a more specific question. If you disagree with this decision, please send a [message to the moderators.](_URL...
How tall was King Louis XVI of France?	[ "The real height of Louis XVI is not known. However, his coronation \" outfit \" is between 1,90m and 1,93m. The tallest King of France was François Ier which was described to be between 1,95m and 2,00m however, thanks to one of his armour, his height was 1,98m." ]	[ "More questions about The Golden Ass. 1. What's the deal with the Cupid and Psyche story? What's the sub-text there? 2. In one of the later books, Lucius--as an ass--has to have sex with human women, including one who has been found guilty of adultery or worse (I don't recall exactly). He shies away from sex wit...
Did the diseases and cancers of today really not exist before now, or were we unable to diagnose them back then?	[ "_URL_0_ > Hippocrates (ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 BC) described several kinds of cancer, referring to them with the Greek word carcinos (crab or crayfish), among others This name comes from the appearance of the cut surface of a solid malignant tumour, with \"the veins stretched on all sides as the animal the crab has ...	[ "Your asking essentially the chicken or the egg. Example, Did you stomach evolove first and create your brain and extremites to feed it. Or did your brain grow your stomach to power it. Har to say, as without something to feed the stomach, we would have no stomch. Without the brain to run everything, we wouldn't ha...
How deep is there live under the ground of our planet?	[ "[Deepest multicellular life found at 1.3km](_URL_0_). Unicellular life has been found deeper - up to 3km." ]	[ "Any water based life form would require the temperatures and pressures to be around those required for H2O to be liquid. Other life could theoretically exist at temperatures and pressure outside that range, but would have to be based on a different solvent. For example, ammonia based life would require much colder...
If the Banach–Tarski Paradox is applied to particles that create more particles than what existed previously during a collision, does this have any implication on the universe's infinite expansion?	[ "I do not believe there are any applications of the Banach–Tarski paradox in physics. The concept of particle generation in quantum mechanics and the idea of deconstructing a geometric object and reassembling it into two identical objects are unrelated. Here's two discussions on it to physics, * _URL_1_ * _URL_0_...	[ "Is it just me or does a big crunch sound more optimistic than ever-expanding-into-darkness-and-cold? It'd be an epic end to the universe, maybe spawning another. I don't see how expanding forever is anything but terribly depressing." ]
Confused about fluoridation.	[ "You'll want to look at the credentials of the people holding the opposing views. If the pro-fluoridation people are the World Health Organization, the CDC and the JAMA, and the anti-fluoridation are _URL_1_ and _URL_0_ that could be an indication of relative quality. That isn't to say that scientists are always ri...	[ "I wouldn't base your opinion on the TTiP from what you're told on Reddit. These kinds of agreements are very complex and to understand exactly what they mean is no easy task. People like to take sections of these document out of context and write off all of the benefits. I'm no expert. But neither are the people ...
How are we getting clean re-using the same shower pouf/puff every day? Doesn't it harbor bacteria?	[ "You do put soap on it and rinse it between uses, right? You don't need your body wash to be antibacterial (in fact, that's almost certainly a bad thing). Soap washes the pouf at the same time as it washes you. It can't tell the difference, it just cleans whatever surface it's on." ]	[ "It's about novelty. When it's new, we cherish it and want to take care of it. Novelty eventually becomes familiarity. We see this a lot with cars. That new car, the owner is so careful. At some point, however, it becomes OK to toss that empty Big Mac box in the back seat." ]
Variations in the ozone layer seem to be cyclical, now reaching its thickest point in 10 years. Should we expect the layer to slim down again in the following years, making the ozone hole reappear?	[ "There is a natural variability in the ozone layer, caused in-part by fluctuations in temperature. Like any other geophysical system, there is a large amount of noisy variability on top of a physical trend. The ozone hole will be larger some years, smaller in others, but on average it is returning to its historical...	[ "The video shows every step. The fish, crab, and eels, have millions of years of evolution where finding holes in the bank to hide in resulted in fewer deaths from predation. So they seek the holes. They seek dark holes with the scent of prey. Humans come along. They imitate the dark holes with bamboo. They put ou...
What causes bugs in video games?	[ "Bugs in video games and software in general are usually caused by an oversight or miscalculation by a programmer. Often you can think of the logic of a game as a big, complicated flowchart. But when the code is very complex and worked on by many people, unintended and unforeseen paths in the flowchart can open up....	[ "Okay. So let's say that you want to bake a cookie just like the ones that grandma makes. You could try to eat her cookie, and then using your knowledge of baking sort of reverse engineer it, but it would be an incredible hassle and very hard to do. But if you had the recipe she used, it would be very easy to figur...
Why are cats so much more focused on cleanliness than dogs? Is there an evolutionary advantage for cats to remain clean and no such advantage for dogs?	[ "Cats and dogs are predators, but they have very different hunting strategies. Dogs are chasers. When they find prey, they run them down and kill them. Cats are pouncers. They lie in wait and strike when prey is in range. The difference means that it's not very important to a dog if the prey knows there are dogs in...	[ "The general consensus is [attention and approval seeking](_URL_4_) or [medical issues](_URL_1_). In [domesticated animals](_URL_2_), the approval seeking is generally from the owner. Because we see this in wild animals as well, it can't just be a human-approval mechanism. The attention seeking can be extended to t...
I work as an able seaman on a British frigate in late 1750's Chesapeake bay. Would it be safe enough for my ship of this size to sail farther North into the bay as well as closer to around the coast?	[ "It would be safe enough to navigate if: 1. You had reliable charts of the waters (which may have been difficult to obtain in 1750). 2. You had a good local pilot, who knew the waters. 3. You took it slow, sent your ship's boats out to make soundings, and chart depths, and kept sailors on the forward channels takin...	[ "The Caribbean Islands. Their weather patterns form over the central atlantic, far from any strike areas, so you don't have to deal with radioactive elements blowing in on the wind. They're close to the equator so they'll stay relatively warm in a mild nuclear winter, and they're generally politically unimportant s...
How Asians' eyes developed differently than Westerners'?	[ "heard this on the radio the other day: since the eye is a very vulnerable part of the body, it is protected by skin to resist the harsh environment of the prehistoric world, namely the cold of the ice age. It has become an inherited \"trait\" of people, whose ancestors originate from very cold environments. Not on...	[ "Back then people still needed jobs, now they dont and can practice harder for longer. And science helps by showing then methods on improving motions. You cam find cool videos on youtube" ]
A recent Economist article noted that China had a "historically relaxed view of homosexuality". What is the basis for this assertion? What are examples of historical Chinese perceptions of homosexuality?	[ "Hi, this question has been asked before, I found these links: By /u/cthulhushrugged: _URL_0_ _URL_2_ By/u/MengJiaxin: _URL_3_ By /u/paranormalalt: _URL_1_" ]	[ "1) Asian history month is May. Many schools if not most let out for summer in mid May so the week or two that they are in school during that month they are focused on review for the finals not adding new material. 2) Modern Asian history is taught in modern history fairy thoroughly already. This is due to the amo...
Why do Cats love paper bags?	[ "Same with boxes, interacting with them, being a good hiding spot and provides solitary play (if a cat is fixated on a specific item it's an example of this). Also provides mental stimulation that can ward off behavioral issues later on. They're tons of fun for your cat, they love the crinkly noises and the movemen...	[ "You're suffocating it, according to this article. _URL_0_" ]
What is the source behind Christianity's hate of sodomy/anal sex?	[ "This is an inaccurate use of the word hate on your part. Anything seen as a distraction from procreation was forbidden. Masturbation and homosexuality were equally scorned, if I recall correctly. This was in the old Testament, so not just Christianity. It would include Jusaism as well." ]	[ "Before I answer, may I ask who the speaker is for this particular lecture? Or if you have a link for me to listen to? I would like to know where they are coming from in their argument." ]
Why do humans develop pubic hair?	[ "I'm having hard time finding a good source, but main hypothesis on the internet are as follows: * To keep warm * Prevents dirt and bacteria to fall into wrong places * Like armpit hair - to keep pheromones * To keep more moisture so to prevent micro-tearing during intercourse. * We grow pubic hair when our bodies...	[ "[_URL_1_](_URL_0_) says it was [evolved to protect us from viruses.](_URL_2_) edit: added a better source" ]
Friday Free-for-All \| May 17, 2019	[ "The new US Immigration Czar claims he can look into the eyes of a child and read their future criminal record. Has the government ever employed a wizard before?" ]	[ "Simple answer, it can't be done. That is a reddit-level site \"feature\" which is part of their anti-spam measures. Longer answer, there are ways which it could be 'hacked', through CSS tricks or link flair. The problem there is that it would require either an incredible amount of manual work from the mods, or els...
What is the difference between meth, crack cocaine,crack and cocaine?	[ "Meth - methamphetamine - a powerful stimulant that is cooked up in a laboratory. Popular for its low cost and easy manufacturing process. Cocaine - powerful stimulant derived from the cocoa plant in south america. Very expensive, and often seen in a white powdered form. Crack - crystalized cocaine that has been cu...	[ "Carbon dioxide forms snow on Mars. This \"dry ice\" can be purchased from any local gases dealer. It's often used for temporary refrigeration, and was much more common before everyone had a fridge. It looks much like water ice. Hydrocarbons form liquid seas on Titan, a moon of Saturn. Methane and nitrogen form ice...
How did countries roll out the metric system? Why did the U.S. attempt fail?	[ "Greetings all. Many of us lived through the days when our countries 'went metric', so just a reminder: as tempting as it may be to tell us all about it, this subreddit does not permit personal anecdotes. Please ensure that answers are based on solid source material, and meet usual sub standards. Thx!" ]	[ "Actually we do. _URL_0_ The reason its so complicated is because we have so many dialects, accents, and speaking mannerisms. The program itself needs (I believe) a minute of speech from the subject before mimicing the speech." ]
When and why did the briefcase known as the nuclear football start following the president of the United States around?	[ "Can someone explain this suitcase? I'm unfamiliar with it." ]	[ "Hi there! This is a reminder to potential respondents to this question that we have the [no current event rule](_URL_0_) in effect that in order to discourage off-topic discussions of current events confines questions, answers and all other comments to events that happened 20 years ago or more, inclusively (e.g. 1...
Why are there so many holidays around 25th December?	[ "In the Northern Hemisphere the shortest day of the year is December 21 / 22. These are celebrations of this event, because longer days mean warmer spring will soon be here." ]	[ "\"Just about everyone here\" Where is \"here\" for you? It sounds like your question's premise is based on a small sample set based on personal observation. Before your question is addressed, you should be making sure the premise is valid..." ]
How does a sphere of light (like the Sun) emit light in all directions?	[ "Yes, if you try to measure x-rays from very distant sources, for example, they only arrive one at a time." ]	[ "Any physically straigth line will always appear arc shaped if it covers long enough area of your vision. Its just our brains can make us realise they are really straigth if there is enough context. For the case of milkiway center there isnt. Cameras can cause further confusion. Its like inverse version of the prob...
Supply Side Economics and Demand Side Economics.	[ "Supply side: > Let's make it easy for people to create goods and services. (Tax breaks, fewer trade barriers...) The increase in stuff will drive prices down, and consumption up. Demand side: > Let's help companies by increasing demand. (By increasing government spending and encouraging spending/borrowing by reduc...	[ "To both the political scientists and/or the anthropologists out there: Why is it that both conservatives and liberals are each likely to agree with their own groups on so many vastly different issues: from abortion to net neutrality to healthcare? How can so many people simply be stuffed into 2 groups? Shouldn't t...
Why exactly is the possibility of an earthquake along the New Madrid fault so dire?	[ "In late 1811 and early 1812, the area north of Memphis experienced a series of earthquakes with magnitudes of 7-8. The biggest one destroyed the town of New Madrid, and caused damage throughout the region. Unlike California, building codes in the Midwest do not require earthquake resistant structures, and few peop...	[ "Think of it this way. I own a house. In this house I allow several drug dealers to ply their wares. I don't sell drugs, I don't use drugs however I do FACILITATE knowingly, the use of drugs by my direct action and I am profiting off of it. Basically that's why, they know that they where facilitating the exchange o...
why don't window blinds have one pull string instead of two to prevent uneven blinds?	[ "There has to be a string on each side because trying to pull them up by the center would mean flopping to one side. To have them controlled by one string, you'd have to tie the side strings together. It'd be impossible to ensure they'd stay exactly the same length because the strings stretch a bit." ]	[ "I'm guessing that you're mainly thinking of domesticated animals and not wild ones. In that case the answer is here _URL_1_ - The tl;dr = there is a coloring pattern (known as \"Merle\" in dogs) considered attractive in inbred domestic animals (think border collies). It confers a very high incidence of heterochrom...
Why do YouTube Channels sign away their IP and Ad Revenue to join Multi-Channel Networks?	[ "The YouTube channels typically always retain full ownership of their channel, videos, and IP. A percentage of ad revenue will be shared (anywhere from 40% to less than 5%) in return for support, technology, production help, audience development, resources, a signing bonus, help with travel, etc. Sometimes the netw...	[ "I work for an ISP The Internet is like a series of roads. Let's say you built a road from your house to your friends. You and your friend could go real fast to each other's houses. But what if you wanted to go to some else's house? Or the mall, or school? You would have to connect your road with your towns road. ...
How can "The Interview" have an all persons fictitious disclaimer at the end, when it is clearly based on a real living person?	[ "So the TL:NR is going to be \"That line doesn't really do jack\" here's why: Like someone using music or audio without consent saying \"Blahbity blah belongs to such and such, no claim to copyright is made\" or some such gives you no legal protection in court should that person decide to sue you the same is going ...	[ "Kim DotCom is the founder and owner of the file sharing site, MegaUpload. The purpose of the site is to help share files (whether it's a photo, document, or video) that are ultimately to big to share through means of email. One can simply upload their file to this site and then send their friend(s) a link that all...
In the British Empire, how did non-British aristocracies of lands within the empire fit into the peerage? Were there rules for determining whether a Zulu king or an Indian rajah or nizam outranked a British earl or duke?	[ "In 1881, at a Royal garden party in London, there was a question of precedence between the Crown Prince of Germany and King Kalakaua of Hawaii. The Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII) insisted that King Kalakaua was superior as he was a King and not merely a Crown Prince, even though a German Crown Prince was ...	[ "In the Wehrmacht and other Prussian-influenced military organizations such as the Finnish armed forces, officers first spend some time in an officer training school, and then do a \"residency\" among troops as a Fänrich/Oberfänrich, acting with the rank of a mid-level NCO but doing the work of an officer, typicall...
What was the ethnic makeup for pre-islamic Syria?	[ "As a follow up question to this (if allowed ofc, I don’t mean to hijack your question) would it be right for Syrian Christians to say they’re not ethnically Arab? I know that some certain groups in Syria know their ethnicity quite well, but i’m asking about those that don’t know exactly to which ethnicity they bel...	[ "In particular I would like to hear what it was like for the Scandinavians to switch from their Norse gods to Christianity so quickly given how opposed these ideologies and beliefs inherent in these two religions were." ]
Why can't capillary action be used to make a perpetual motion machine?	[ "Because it would require work to get the liquid out of the capillary tube." ]	[ "Quoting [Wikipedia](_URL_0_) (a bit naughty, but it's a nice way to express what I think): > The proposed theory is inconsistent with quantum mechanics and critics have ruled it out on those grounds. Which is essentially saying what you pointed out, yes. If what they're doing is as easy as it sounds - just runnin...
Can someone ELI5 how nations can create wealth without causing inflation?	[ "I don't feel qualified to explain indepthly but I'd like to provide this small piece of the puzzle. Inflation is not universally bad. Slow and steady inflation has the positive side effect of encouraging money to be spent right away while it is worth more, keeping more money flowing in the economy." ]	[ "The more money that is in circulation the lower the value of each denomination of that money. So a dollar today may get you a candy bar, but after the government prints a whole bunch of money that same candy bar may cost you three dollars." ]
Why do humans and other mammals have a septum? What purpose does it serve?	[ "Having two sides aids in the Nasal Cycle and it's impact on your ability to smell certain things well. The nasal cycle is the often unnoticeable alternating partial congestion and decongestion of the nasal cavities in humans and other animals. It is a physiological congestion of the nasal concha due to selective a...	[ "The sound of your speech normally resonates through your sinuses and out your nose in addition to your mouth. Shen you pinch it closed it doesn't anymore; and actually echoes back through your sinuses and out your other. Same reason your voice changes when you have a cold and are \"stuffed up\"." ]
Why don't waterfalls get worn down to gradual inclines?	[ "Waterfalls form where a layer of hard rock lies on top of a layer of soft rock. The soft rock below erodes faster, creating a steep drop, sheltered by a ledge of hard rock above. Eventually, the soft rock starts to erode beneath the hard rock, creating an overhang, which breaks off when it gets too long, creating ...	[ "They do: * The Sphinx's head and paws were repaired. [1](_URL_0_), [2](_URL_1_) * The Great Pyramid had internal graffiti removed and chamber walls cleaned. [1](_URL_3_) * The mastaba of Seshemnefer has been restored [1](_URL_2_) * Sand is constantly removed from many sites of the plateau. But restoring the pyrami...
Why do urban areas in USA consist of multiple cities and towns while european cities usually create a single urban area?	[ "In Europe, large cities grew up from towns that grew over a large period of time and either annexed or merged with other nearby communities naturally. In the U.S., towns were formed and grew quickly under a modern legal architecture where they remained separate governing entities. Note though that even in Europe l...	[ "Imagine country A has laws that are intended to encourage new businesses, and so the laws there make is hard for old businesses to claim \"Hey we did that first!\" or \"Hey, that almost the same as what we do!\" Suppose country B has laws that are meant to protect that country's companies, and stop cheap-o foreign...
Why don't people get caught pirating?	[ "Sometimes they do. Especially at universities who are often required to try to prevent piracy to a higher degree than normal ISP." ]	[ "Online tracking is easy. Whenever you click on an ad, it sets a cookie on your computer that marks you as arriving to that site from the ad. Your each activity on that site is tracked and noted when you make your purchase. Offline is a bit different. Depending on the size and marketing efforts of a company, they m...
Is it possible for a virus to attack your genetics? Like actual DNA or something? What would be possible through something like that?	[ "Yes, [retroviruses](_URL_1_) infect cells by actually incorporating their own genome into the host cell's DNA. HIV is the most well-known example of a retrovirus that affects humans, and the fact that it integrates itself into the host's DNA is part of what makes it basically impossible to completely cure. There a...	[ "Your PC can run any program that's on it at any time. But your Android smartphone can only run programs downloaded from the app store unless you change an option deep in settings, and your iPhone can't run programs from unknown sources at all (unless you jailbreak it) And because viruses are computer programs that...
Why do signs involving a "person" never have a neck eg. wet floor signs?	[ "Because the head is the most distinguishing part of a human's profile. Adding a neck could distort the figure and make it less recognizable as a human figure and as a result, less understandable to people who cannot read that the sign is warning of a hazard to humans. That being said, there are warning/caution sig...	[ "DOT regulations have very different requirements for a private vehicle and a for hire vehicle when you get to medium duty and heavy duty vehicles. They are required to display either the commercial DOT licence number, or a large not for hire sign." ]
How does torrent work and how does the ISP detect torrent activity?	[ "Normally when you download a file like off itunes or wherever you download the whole thing from one other computer or server. The easiest way I can picture torrenting is like plumbing, normally you only have one water pipe coming into your house that feeds all of the faucets etc which can result in low water pres...	[ "Imagine a bully at school. It's the same one each day, taking the lunch money of the same handful of kids. You take note that kids seem bullied, and it's very easy to identify who the bully is, after all you only have to talk to a handful of kids to get something of note, plus everyone is pointing the same direct...
Why it's so much easier to be sad, upset, etc., than happy or cheerful?	[ "I guess being sad in a way would be a lack of happiness. For example, if your body doesn't produce enough serotonin or dopamine (happiness chemicals). So I suppose it takes effort and stimulation to produce more of these chemicals. This would be a simple explanation. Your brain is very complex. Nothing in your bra...	[ "The chemical imbalance theory of depresssion is questionable. For example, most antidepressants on the market are a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. However, there is also an antidepressant that is a serotonin reuptake enhancer. And the fastest acting antidepressant in the world, ketamine, doesn't act on serotonin a...
Do ants show signs of being anxious if they get separated or lost?	[ "Most social insects rely on pheromones for a large proportion of their communication, and separation from the colony's pheromones will usually trigger a panic response. Small numbers of lost workers can create a pheromone trail which other lost workers will follow (and strengthen the trail), and create a circular ...	[ "The dance language is universal but there are regional dialects. While the specific parts of the dance language are the same, such as the waggling of the abdomen to represent distance and the the angle of rotation to represent direction, the exact translation between waggles and angles to specific distances and di...
Water pressure around a submarine...	[ "As the submarine goes deeper and deeper, assuming it stays perfectly oriented so that no air can escape, the air will be compressed by water pressure. The volume of the air will shrink, making the \"swimming pool\" water level higher. Depending on how deep you go, the pressurized air could kill a person." ]	[ "This is a very good question, but I don't know if can be aquatically explained to a 5 year old. Still, I would love to see someone do it." ]
How does autorotation keep a helicopter from crashing in the event of a total engine failure?	[ "As you know a helicopter works sort of like a giant fan and fans push air when power is applied. But if there is no power and a wind is applied then the wind can turn the fan as well. Helicopter rotors and engines have some significant momentum so the helicopter can sort of \"go with\" the falling and use the resu...	[ "[Angular momentum again](_URL_0_). It's the same reason solar systems have (most of) their planets lined up in one plane rather than orbiting all over the place (and why spiral galaxies are flat spirals). A rotating cloud of matter tends to collapse into a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation." ]
How would a draft in the US work today in regards to which branch of military you'd be placed into and which skills are assessed for placement?	[ "When I was inducted they made the drafted guys count off by fours. Then they made all the fours stand on the other side of the room. Then they informed the fours that they were now Marines. I had never heard such a sad collective groan before from a bunch of naked guys." ]	[ "Thanks so much for participating here! One of the things that is commonly pointed to as a horror of slavery is that masters were free to, and often did, split families apart, selling men and women to different owners without regard to their children. It also seems to be the case that slave labor was divided along...
How do you overcome depression and find happiness?	[ "> How do you overcome depression Are we talking about actual, clinical depression here? Because clinical depression is a disease, and not simply \"being sad\". You overcome it with medication and/or therapy." ]	[ "Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?" ]
how do dogs know that we're play fighting, and thus know not to use force/their teeth to hurt us?	[ "Dogs do this with each other and if you're not hurting them they don't have a reason to hurt you." ]	[ "Please use the search function. _URL_11_ _URL_12_ _URL_13_ _URL_11_ _URL_12_ _URL_11_ _URL_12_ _URL_13_ _URL_12_ _URL_13_ _URL_13_ TL;DR: Why is a bad question with no good answer. We can't tell entirely with other animals, because we can't directly communicate though anecdotally, many seem to." ]
Would it be possible for a computer to choose a random number out of an infinite number of possibilities? Or there is no way to program such thing	[ "There is no way to hold an infinite amount of things in a (finite) computer. Your computer probably has less than a terabyte of storage space; so it can hold a single number that has about 8 * 10^12 binary digits in it. So, even if you were to fill all of those bytes completely randomly, it would only be able to ...	[ "It \"kinda\" can. The most common machine learning approach at the moment (neural networks) is basically a very fancy gradient descent (go down the slope of a hill). Sometimes, a neural net can get stuck in a local minimum (a pool on top of a hill). Give the right example at the right time, and you can get the alg...
Professional British troops after 1914	[ "Martin Middlebrook's The Kaiser's Battle has an in-depth description of how many \"Old Contemptibles\" remained in the BEF on March 21st, 1918. Unfortunately I'm not at home right now, so I can't look it up." ]	[ "I was told this was the case during WW1. Was it both wars?" ]
Why are humans getting faster (running), if we haven't evolved much in the last 200 years?	[ "* larger population from which to pool athletes * better nutrition, medicine, sanitation and means fewer athletes succumb to illness and injury * the rise of a class of professional athletes who do nothing but train to run fast * better training techniques, sports nutrition, running surfaces, and running equipment...	[ "It's all about absorbing sunlight. Skin color is due to the amount of [melanin](_URL_1_) in the skin. You can see [in this map](_URL_2_) that darker skin colors are found nearest to the equator. As our ancestors moved in to areas ~~with more cloud cover (rainy England, for example)~~ where sunlight is less concent...
Is interstellar space at absolute zero temperature?	[ "Interstellar space is at 2.7 K due to the cosmic microwave background." ]	[ "You answered it yourself. Its in the movies. We wouldnt instant freeze to death. We would relatively slowly lose heat to radiation. Suffocation and the vacuum would kill us first." ]
Can one type of dog (Husky) tell another, vastly different dog (chihuahua) is a dog by sight alone? Would it recognize a picture of one as a dog?	[ "Dogs recognize other dogs primarily by smell, not sight. Dogs also have distinct social behaviors that they can use to recognize another individual as \"dog.\" Dogs probably wouldn't recognize a picture, since again they operate primarily by smell and not sight." ]	[ "\"You're sitting in a chair\" and \"I know you're sitting in a chair\" don't mean the same thing, of course. The former is entirely a statement about you; the latter includes that statement, but also makes a statement about me. Now let's introduce Jane. Jane is staring at you from a hidden camera because she's a...
The plot of Atlas Shrugged	[ "There are only about 15 people (I am guestimating) in the entire world who are able to do anything good. These people are the captains of industry because they worked hard, made themselves extremely smart, and earned every single penny they ever got. They also hate being forced to help people, because those that w...	[ "A big one is, well, most of the bible. Was there a united monarchy? If so, what did it look like? Is there something behind the Exodus narrative, or is it a myth to give the Israelites a history separate from the other Canaanite groups?" ]
How do mirrors work?	[ "The photons are actually re-emitted in a random direction after being absorbed, but, due to the additive and destructive properties of waves, all other angles are essentially canceled out except for the reflecting angle that we are accustomed to experiencing. I saw a video lecture by Richard Feynman describing thi...	[ "Yes. Everything we see in the sky is from the light it generated/reflected in the past. Even the sun is several light minutes away, so we are always seeing it as it was a few minutes ago. A star 10 light years away, we will see the light that is now 10 years old. The further an object is away, the further in the p...
How were Nazis able to give millions of number tattoos? It takes so much time and money at tattoo parlors.	[ "Tattoos were only given at Auschwitz and only to prisoners who were selected for work, not to those who were immediately sent to the gas chambers. They had a device that etched the number in very quickly. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's website has all the [details](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "First of all that's not a scientifically established fact, just a working assumption based on a relatively large sample. Now, for your question. It basically comes down to the fact that the amount of possible configurations is many orders of magnitude larger than the amount of living humans, coupled with the high ...
Can you all help me come up with some interview questions to ask my grandfather, who live through the Japanese occupation of Indonesia during ww2?	[ "Do you speak Dutch? There's a great deal of literature in Dutch from camp survivors who later became novelists, and as a writer you might find that as helpful as any formal, non-fiction history books about the period (which I am anyway not qualified to recommend). Wellknown writers in Dutch literature who wrote bo...	[ "From a simple google: _URL_0_ (Actual questions. Hopefully you can read Chinese) There are different exams, however. The above link shows a 乡试 exam, which means second level exams took place in provincial capitals. In case you don't speak Chinese: the first part of the exam is about Confucian classics: each quest...
Why do red objects and text appear blurrier than other colours in low-quality digital videos?	[ "Digital sensors use what's called a [Bayer Filter](_URL_0_) over the sensor to filter out the colours. As you can see in the images on that page, red pixels are only a quarter of the total number of pixels. This actually roughly matches the sensitivity of your eye, providing a more accurate colour balance. A side ...	[ "The resolution of any image is dependent on the wavelength of light observed. The [Raleigh Criterion](_URL_0_) to determine the maximum angular resolution of an optical system yields a formula which is proportional to the wavelength being observed. That means longer wavelengths give worse resolution than shorter w...
What is the purpose or goal of /r/circlejerk?	[ "Within this context (there are other meanings of 'circle jerk' of course), the term circle jerk essentially describes a situation where one person submits a post and then everyone else up-votes and comments in support of the post. Basically nothing is accomplished except for everyone reinforcing their belief in an...	[ "It's to differentiate between ELI5 posts and say, askscience posts on your front page. It also helps the answerer figure out how to word their post, as they will word it differently for an ELI12 or ELI18." ]
How is it Antidepressants can increase the risk of depression/suicide?	[ "When some people are depressed and suicidal, they are completely unwilling to do anything. They want to kill themselves, but can't muster up the energy to do so. After taking the meds, they start to come out of the slump. However, they might still have the desire to die; taking drugs won't bring back your wife or ...	[ "Antibiotics usually [act on some function vital to a bacteria's survival](_URL_0_). For example, by disrupting RNA synthesis by binding to specific subunits of ribosomes - subunits that only prokaryotes have. Another common mechanism is disrupting cell wall production - again, this is specific to bacteria. So they...
Why is fiberglass safe vs asbestos?	[ "First of all, the premise of the question is wrong: fiberglass is not safe, especially if it is made out of exceedingly thin fibers. Inhalation of fine fiberglass dust will probably lead to silicosis and other unpleasant health effects. The difference in harmfulness between fiberglass and asbestos is due to the di...	[ "Propaganda from the govt in the past so they could get the people on their side and a lot of it people still believe" ]
why vegans don't eat animal products	[ "That's not true! In order to make milk they need to impregnate the cow (often several times); the calf that is born is then sent off to slaughter The conditions in farms are not always very good either Also when the dairy cows get too old to be useful they are sent to be slaughtered To quote _URL_0_ : Suffering a...	[ "Apple's main brand theme is \"it just works\" one of the big reasons for that is they control hardware and software, and using a limited number of options means all options can be rigorously tested. Microsoft (computers) and Google/Android (phones) release software and allow hardware vendors to choose hardware to...
Why is a moving point charge also producing a magnetic field in a vacuum?	[ "Even after your edit I don't understand the question. I take it that in part B you are showing an external magnetic field produced by some means other than the electron's own magnetic field. It sounds like you are thinking that the electron will only deflect if it has its own magnetic field, which is wrong. The ...	[ "Many people posting here haven't actually taken a nerf gun apart and looked at it and are speculating that spring loaded guns could shoot fine in a vaccum. Well, here's a picture of a [maverick](_URL_4_) being taken apart for modding. You can see the spring is pushing on a piston-cylinder assembly. The nozzle on t...
Is There a Name For the Area Immediately Outside a Planet's Atmosphere	[ "Probably either [exosphere](_URL_0_) or [sphere if influence](_URL_1_) would be the best terms (although the latter would also include things inside the atmosphere proper, so that might not be what you're looking for)." ]	[ "You could, but you wouldn't be able to take advantage of all the [gravity assists](_URL_0_) that spacecraft headed out of the solar system (like the Voyager and Pioneer crafts) usually take advantage of. It's much slower, since you don't have any velocity in that direction to start with." ]
We figure out the chemical compositions of stars by looking at their wavelengths, but wouldn't this be influenced by red shift?	[ "Yes, absolutely! But the spectra of the elements within stars aren't just single peaks, they are a series of peaks at very specific wavelengths and spacing. If the star's spectra is shifted (as they usually are) the characteristic pattern can still be detected and the amount of shift then used to calculate the rel...	[ "RobusEtCaleritas is right. You can imagine it this way: Imagine you're standing in the ocean at the beach, a short distance from the shore. Waves move toward you at a constant pace. Let's say you are hit by one swell every 10 seconds. If you start running towards the shore, you will be hit by less and less waves,...
What renders a cancerous tumor inoperable/not removable vs.Being able to remove it via surgery?	[ "Generally, if it is too close to, wrapped around, or entering a vital organ that cannot have pieces removed, or if it is in a location that will cause death if an attempt to remove the tumor is made." ]	[ "[This article](_URL_0_) does a good job explaining them. Gist of it is: -Release = adios/see ya/cutting all ties. -Waiving a player puts the player on waivers, and teams (starting with those who have the worst record) have the ability to claim the waived player. The team who then waived the player can either work ...
How are lenticular clouds formed?	[ "Thats photoshopped just so you're aware. The actual image is this: _URL_0_ They usually form in high altitudes, normally perpendicular to the wind direction. Long story short, They form when stable moist air flows over mountains." ]	[ "It has to do with the lungs adding water vapor / stuff to the smoke which affects its Rayleigh scattering. Walter Lewin has a nice demonstration/explanation of this in one of his MIT lectures. [_URL_0_](_URL_0_). (the smoking starts at about 3:30)." ]
does the moon orbit the sun and the earth, or just the earth?	[ "> does the moon orbit the sun and the earth, or just the earth? Both. The moon orbits Earth but Earth orbits the sun which means the moon must also circle around the sun along with Earth." ]	[ "The magic astronomical phrase to Google here is \"[Hill sphere](_URL_1_)\" - that's the volume around a body where the body's gravitation dominates the gravity of whatever it's orbiting around. Anyhow, [here](_URL_0_)'s a pretty good explanation of the situation. Short answer: yup. But usually they're not very sta...
How/Are acquired traits passed on?	[ "There are a few aspects to this- behavioral, genetic and epigenetic. Behavioral- If you are raised in a family that over eats or eats unhealthy foods, it is not unlikely that you will carry those same eating habits into adulthood. This is an aspect you can change by conciously changing your own habits. Genetic- Th...	[ "I don't think that it's jealousy tactics but merely making the baby feel comfortable to know that the food is safe to eat. Adults do it all the time when testing a foreign food. They hesistate until someone they know takes a bite and didn't throw up before they try it out themself." ]
why do rubber bands smell like they're burning if you stretch them too far?	[ "Stretching causes friction and friction causes heat. That's why if you stretch one repeatedly it'll warm up to the touch." ]	[ "There's a tiny accordion of metal foil encased in a nonconductive flexible backing. An electric current is run through the metal foil, and the resistance is measured. As the accordion is pushed together by the weight on the scale, the resistance changes according to a known mathematical formula, allowing you to ca...
Is USB charging more battery friendly than charging with AC charger?	[ "There is a lot of different things going on. Devices which charge from USB get up to 500mA as a basic source. The device can negotiate for more current by asking for it. From an electronic design standpoint, it is more effort to put that into a design that normally doesn't communicate with a computer. For a wall w...	[ "The 2014 IPCC climate change assessment report actually included a life cycle assessment of CO2 equivalent emissions from different electricity sources. [Here](_URL_0_) is a nice table on Wikipedia, and [here](_URL_1_) is the full report if you'd like to look into the specifics. Solar panels are significantly bet...
What is the origin of the (presumably white, hegemonic) American stereotype of Native American peoples saying 'How'?	[ "Hau is a Lakota greeting from males to other males. Apparently it means [\"yes\"](_URL_1_), as well. One way that Northern Plains cultures became the quintessential Indian culture in Western minds is through the [Wild West Shows](_URL_0_) of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These traveling shows predated ...	[ "Your \"hearing memory\" (which is the sensory memory of what you've just heard) lasts about 4 seconds. If someone is listening to more than one thing at once, the brain processes them separately, but can still process the other within four seconds. The asking of \"What?\" lets the speaker know they've been heard, ...
What determines whether the country uses its indigenous language as the main language or a foreign language as the main language?	[ "> All American countries use languages which are not indigenous as the main languages Slight nitpick: Guaraní is more widely spoken in Paraguay than Spanish (though both are spoken as a first or second language by > 85% of the population), and both are official languages." ]	[ "What the framers wrote bears only a rough relationship to what we have now. The Electors were selected by the States, in whatever way the States wanted. Direct popular vote, by the States legislature, was up to them. Originally the Electors were voting for two candidates, both for President. (One had to be from a ...
why can sweat come out of our skin but rain & shower water doesn't go through?	[ "Sweat comes out of glands in your pores. These pores do not go all the way through the skin. Thin of them as little pockets in the skin and one of their jobs is to produce sweat. Water can get into your pores, but it will not go through the skin because the pores do not penetrate the skin. Some water does get abso...	[ "Wifi and cellular systems use microwave radiation (like your microwave oven, except far far less power). Microwave radiation rips absorbed quite readily by polar molecules like water and fats. (this is how microwave ovens cook food, imparting the energy of microwave radiation into kinetic energy of water and fat m...
Why does the human brain allow itself to commit suicide?	[ "You never know what you'll do after your entire world collapses around you. Our huge frontal lobes allow us to make the choice..." ]	[ "Imagine you're trying to find a coffee shop in a city. If you've been there recently, it should be pretty easy to find. If it's been 10 years since you've been to the coffee shop or the city, it might take you a LONG time to find. It also might take long to find if you've been to other, similar coffee shops in the...
If one were to take an elevator through the center of the earth (while ignoring the lethal heat of course) would the earth’s gravitational pull on the riders decrease gradually as the elevator descended? Or would the gravity remain the same until you reached the core?	[ "You can find the gravitational field as a function of distance from the center of the Earth [here](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "Basically every time you used the escalator, it moved by itself. The first times it felt weird because your body wasn't used to use stairs that move by themselves. So the first time you used an escalator, you probably felt like you lost balance and needed a few seconds to stabilise. After many uses, your brain got...
What is the meaning of ancestory proportion?	[ "It means that 10% of your Y chromosome's DNA is traced to r1b lineage. It does not necessarily mean that 10% of your (I assume we're talking about you?) paternal ancestors were of the r1b lineage, it just means that whatever their own ancestry was, the final product is someone with 10% r1b by volume in their y chr...	[ "The first 100 issues of an important UK archaeology monograph series, East Anglian Archaeology, were recently made available [for free on their website](_URL_0_). These are site reports - publications of archaeological data - for the UK counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, and parts of Cambridgeshire. The series includes...
How can China be Ruled by the Communist Party but promote stock ownership?	[ "China hasn't been communist for a very long time. We call it socialism with Chinese characteristics. A mixed market economy with enough room for both the government and the private sector. It's extraordinary, the sheer number of foreigners who think that China is communist because of the communist party. North Kor...	[ "If you want rapid growth in a massive country, and care little to nothing about the environmental issues like clean water, clean air, and pollution... you're going to get bad air, bad water, and pollution with 10+ years of phenomenal market growth and development [say, 10% growth a year which is high]." ]
Does a fan change the o2/co2 ratio in the air blown toward you ?	[ "Since you presumably know that in a room with no fan and still air, the air doesn't all 'settle out' to a thin layer on the floor under the effect of gravity, you'll accept that there are other forces and interactions at work in a volume of gas at STP that hugely dominate over the effects of molecular mass. Given ...	[ "This guy, [Kamal Meattle](_URL_2_) from India, has been studying precisely that for past past couple of decades. They have been using combinations of [areca palm](_URL_1_)(Dypsis lutescens) for producing oxygen during daylight hours, [snake plant or mother in law's tongue](_URL_0_)(Sansevieria trifasciata) for pro...
Why is the % midwife births in the United States so low in comparison to the rest of the world?	[ "In the US 1:10 babies approximately are born to either Certified Nurse-Midwives, predominantly in hospitals, or Certified Professional Midwives in out-of-hospital settings. The profession of midwifery was replaced by Family physicians (often still at home) who were then replaced by Obstetricians -- only in hospita...	[ "\"Just about everyone here\" Where is \"here\" for you? It sounds like your question's premise is based on a small sample set based on personal observation. Before your question is addressed, you should be making sure the premise is valid..." ]
Why clothing companies dont sell the actual outfits that cartoon characters wear but instead sell clothes that depict those characters?	[ "Because the clothes they wear tend to quite generic looking (wouldn't look special in real life) or quite extreme (would be crazy or impractical in real life)." ]	[ "Per a quick google search, they are often lawsuits for this. However, I’d hazard a guess that court costs and lawyer fees are factored in before moving forward. Generic copy at Walmart maybe only profits 40k$, but the lawsuit would cost 200k for both sides. It’s now a loss to sue and not worth moving forward. Adid...
How does the reddit ordering system work?	[ "It's time-weighted. A new post that's getting a lot of upvotes quickly will be ranked above a post that's been on the front page for a while. And if you're referring to the Reddit front page, as opposed to a specific subreddit's top page, I believe it's also weighted based on the size of the subreddit, so that pos...	[ "Wow, definitely did not expect this! Thanks everyone for ~~tolerating~~ reading my rants :) Congratulations to /u/yodatsracist as well, your post, as always, is an excellent example of why AH works so well!" ]
During the Antebellum era, were there any practices for maintaining a safe, healthy slave workforce? Like an early OSHA or physical therapy	[ "I've written before about legal and social proscription regarding treatment of slaves which can be found [here](_URL_0_), but in short... There was very little to protect them. A smattering of laws existed that we're enforced only in the most extreme circumstances." ]	[ "Hello prospective respondents. Everyone loves to talk about food (and drinks!), so just a reminder of which sub we're in: it's /r/AskHistorians so no personal anecdotes, urban myths or conjecture. Respondents here are expected to have expertise in the subject, offer in-depth information and cite *reputable s...
How do rockets fly through space if they have no atmosphere to push against?	[ "every action has an equal and opposite reaction...something like that. Think of the kickback a gun gives when you shoot a bullet. Lots of kickback because you are pushing an object away from the gun at high speed. On a rocket ship, it pushes small particles (propellant) out the back at a high speed. The ship respo...	[ "It can be done a number of ways. Chemical thrusters work just fine, especially small thrusters spinning up a big station. If you have two counterrotating sections, they can be driven by electric motors of any sort. Flywheels could also work, but it seems needlessly complex compared to simple exterior thrusters. If...
why are mens feelings and mental health not taken more seriously in an abortion scenario?	[ "I've always looked at it like this. Of course a man's wishes should be heard. But that gives you a democracy of two. That creates an obvious problem. How to break ties when each wants something different. Since it is the woman's body being affected she has more stake in the matter so she breaks the tie. Well if y...	[ "OP, you need to clarify: are you white, black, Native, or some class of immigrant? Rich or poor? Are you (presumably) free or are you a slave? How old are you? There are a lot of variables to \"a man,\" and most males wouldn't have fought at all." ]
How does extended release medicine work?	[ "There are a variety of mechanisms used. For many, it's just a coating that delays digestion or absorption. It might be done in layers, or if it's a capsule, the individual pellets inside the capsule might have different coatings or thicknesses of coatings. Other medicines use an insoluble casing with a microscopic...	[ "Imagine driving a long distance on the road. Your destination is 160 miles away, so you drive along the highway at about 80mph and figure that you need about 2hours total. Then, in the middle of that 160mi, the road gets very bad (you had no chance of knowing that) so you can drive only 50mph. You don't know if th...
Why do you weigh less in the morning than you do at night?	[ "Your lungs breathe out carbon dioxide and water vapor constantly. While you are sleeping, you are not eating or drinking, so you lose weight of carbon and water. You lose even more weight if you have to get up to pee in the night." ]	[ "It's not you specifically that's gaining mass, it's the entire Earth-you system. You and the Earth are bound together by your mutual, attractive gravitational interaction. When you increase your altitude, you are increasing the potential energy stored in the system, and thus increasing the mass of the *entir...
How closed-source applications can exist.	[ "It's like food. If I give you a cake, it works as intended and you can make some guesses as to what's in it, but you can't figure out the recipe because the act of cooking it has obfuscated it. Compiling is to software as baking is to food." ]	[ "They crowdsource it. They are using data from any Android user who has not opted out of giving traffic data. Here's their explanation: _URL_0_" ]
How do you regulate calcium if you don't have a thyroid?	[ "Calcitonin is actually not that important in normal calcium homeostasis - it's primarily regulated by parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid glands receive feedback from both vitamin D and serum calcium levels to modulate secretion of PTH, which increases vitamin D conversion to its active form in the kidneys while ...	[ "It used to be done with a theodolite, (link attached). _URL_1_ This is a precision piece of surveying equipment. The surveyor would establish fixed points near the construction site and set the theodolite over the known point. Then, observations would be taken on the work in progress to insure its location was ac...
What is the advantage to society in funding NASA?	[ "Space is a very valuable resource. Communications and scientific experiments conducted there are much, much better and cheaper than land-based counterparts. NASA investments are improving efficiency in the use of this resource, reducing the cost to get mass into space, and understanding how to more effectively sup...	[ "I don't go to school, sorry kids no tax for you. Fuck da poolice, sorry officer no tax for you. I am a young, fit and healthy person, eh hospitals can have a tiny bit. Defense? BOOO MAKE PEACE NOT WAR! None for you buddy. 100% on roads, I use roads. If everyone thought like this, Results = schools underfunded, h...

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