Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Why did the U.S. make it where you can only get insurance once a year?	[ "The insurance companies need to have people paying premiums before they need payouts in order to stay in business. The control that by not letting people sign up whenever they need it. Also it is not just one time a year, the open enrolment is only once but if you had insurance and lost it (say quit your job) then...	[ "Your question reminded me of this frikkin awesome documentary of about planned obsolescence. [Video snippet](_URL_0_), and the whole documentary, I can't find... but Im sure someone else may be able to. ELI5 version: Because companies want you to keep them in business." ]
what's the best water to drink?	[ "By what criteria? In terms of value for money, it's very hard to beat water from your local municipal supply. It's more tightly controlled than bottled water and, unless your area has major problems, it's quite safe. If you find that your municipal supply has an unpleasant taste because of mineral content, there ...	[ "Well, there's no bacteria or viruses, but who knows what other chemicals are dissolved in it." ]
How does this "brute force" hacking work?	[ "Imagine you have a padlock and don't know its combination. You sit down and resign yourself to trying every possible combination. Eventually, after many years and probably wearing out all the mechanical parts, you find the combination that opens the lock. That's brute-forcing. Computers do it a lot faster, but a g...	[ "Kind of like if you're looking through some legos for a number of different parts, you usually come across one that you need so your search goes quickly until there's one last part you need. It might take you awhile to find that last specific part. That explanation is probably wrong but that's what I would say to...
Who is this McAfee guy and why is he on the run?	[ "He is a multi-millionaire who founded the McAffee anti-virus software company. He is suspected of murdering a neighbor who may have poisoned his dogs. He claims the authorities in Belize demanded bribed he refused to pay, and now they are framing him. Also, he is no longer on the run. He turned up in Guatemala, a...	[ "[Search before submitting, especially when asking about current events. The search box is in the upper righthand corner of the page.](_URL_0_)" ]
How and why can car seats expire?	[ "They expire for a few reasons. Most notable, over time standards/requirements for car seats change and technology improves to make them safer. It is also common for car seats to wear down overtime and develop cracks. This could cause the seat to break apart in an accident." ]	[ "At least to some extent it might have to do with the products they use. People of a certain generation are more likely to use stuff they are familiar with, like mothballs or brands of perfume that were popular long ago, than their kids or grandkids are, and so we associate those scents with their age group. This ...
How did the English and French become allies for World War 1 when they've fought for hundreds of years prior?	[ "You may be interested to know that there was a precedent twenty years earlier: Britain and France were allies in the Crimean War, a major conflict against Britain's traditional ally, Russia." ]	[ "I can give an answer for Australia. The short answer is that it was possible if not likely to occur. In order to be accepted you basically had to assimilate as quickly as possible. The most well known example in Australia was a man known as Quong Tart who in the late 1800s s was a highlight of the social scene in ...
Why does water on the ground and outside evaporate even if the temperature never reaches 100 degrees Celsius?	[ "Because water begins to evaporate before it reaches boiling point, some the water molecules speed up enough and break from their bonds with the body of liquid. Water can evaporate at room temperature, just much slower due to less energy." ]	[ "Because air resistance increases at higher velocities, and in fact air resistance increases faster than velocity. So, as an object falls, at some point the slow down of air resistance cancels out the speed up of gravity, and then you have terminal velocity." ]
What does the 1.6 car engine do better than an 1.0?	[ "The number is the effective volume (in litres) of the cylinders. All other things being equal, the bigger number means bigger cylinders, which can burn more gas in a single cycle, and thus produce more power. An example where all other things actually are more or less equal is a stroker kit. This takes an existi...	[ "One big reason is map design. No road that goes north is straight. They are all designed to be curvy. This gives the impression that the map is larger because it takes longer to traverse." ]
How long has the idea of racism existed? Explanation in post	[ "Not to discourage any further answers but you'll probably enjoy checking out the [FAQ on racism & slavery](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "This won't answer your question head-on - so hopefully someone will drop by with more information - but do see this absolutely charming write-up by /u/and_how in * [When 'The Wizard of Oz' was premiered in 1939, was this film most people's first time seeing a film in color, or had most people already had that expe...
Why do people in war zones, poor areas, extreme oppressing countries do make babies knowing there is no healthy future for their families?	[ "In poor regions, much of the population usually works in agriculture. Having a child, since ancient times, has been a way to get help on the farm and around the house without actually having to pay anybody. They also may not have access to contraception, or education on how it works. Also, poor people still want...	[ "Hi OP, this is a cultural question, so it would greatly assist anyone considering answering if you could specify which culture you're asking about. For example, the name of a cultural group / country / geographic region, plus a rough time period. Otherwise, this question is simply too broad, as it encompasses almo...
Why do network cables have 8 wires inside?	[ "Having more wires does two things for you: 1. Having pairs of wires twisted together helps reduce interference. The same signal is sent over both wires in the twisted pair, but one of them is positive and the other is negative. The receiver on the other end is designed to only respond to the difference between the...	[ "You don't actually \"buy\" anything. You rent it. Much like you rent an apartment. You rent it from the ICANN for a fee. This rental, much like your apartment rental, has a time constraint to it. The root DNS servers get their information from ICANN, so when you type in your browser \"_URL_0_\" your computer goe...
How is determined the acceptable amount of toxic substances in food?	[ "There's a primary measurement we call the LD50, or the dose that kills 50% of a population of test subjects. We then take that dose and divide it by the weight of the animal to determine the lethal dose per kilogram. We test across multiple animals and reason that if they're all about the same range, we can apply ...	[ "There are 2 main types of carcinogen. Mutagens which actively mutate DNA. These are things like smoke and radiations. These change the way cells act and can cause precancerous growth. And Promoters. Which are far broader. These are any thing that promotes excessive proliferation. These are like alchohol and ulcers...
Why is chicken meat called chicken but cows meat is called beef, pig pork	[ "England has been invaded a whole lot of times([73 different times since 1066](_URL_0_)). Each time new rulers came in the English language changed to mix a little bit with the language of the invaders. Several of those times, the invaders happened to be French. The people who were actually eating the animals (the ...	[ "I usually explain it to my friends using phones: & nbsp; Switch - You can call anyone in your area code but can't get anyone outside of your area code. & nbsp; Router - You can call people in your area code(switch), but anything not in your area code is forwarded from the switch to the router. The Router can for...
How does nitrous oxide makes a combustion engine run like a bat out of hell?	[ "So an engine is at its most basic an air pump. The more air it moves the more power you get. Now without getting into specifics an engine can only move so much air before it hits its limit. There are options here (turbo, supercharger, etc) buit you asked about Nitrous so well use that one. Nitrous Oxide is N20. N...	[ "Our brains didn't evolve with cars in mind. They evolved with, like, being hunted by a jaguar (or whatever) in mind. So your brain doesn't know what to do with a car. It thinks hey, we're sitting, our body's not really doing anything physical, there's very little activity or stimulus... this seems like a good time...
Does a person with a common name have a different reaction to seeing his/her name in print or hearing it spoken than a person with a unique name?	[ "Part of what you're referring to is called the [Cocktail Party Effect](_URL_0_). Essentially, our attention is selective and while we take in many stimuli at once, our brain works out the most relevant ones and let's us know if it thinks that somethinng is important. I would think that if your name is uncommon, yo...	[ "Pharmaceutically? Nothing. There are VERY strict guidelines in place, all drugs have to be exactly the same in make up. Psychologically? A lot. Say you pay £0.45 for a pack of generic paracetamol, psychologically this WILL NOT work as well* as £4 pack of panadol. (Exactly the same active ingredients, excuse the br...
Debunking a racist message floating around the internet: What were some of the technological or scientific achievements of sub-Saharan Africans before contact with Europe?	[ "I have a related question. I know Jared Diamond's book is not held in high esteem around here, but can't \"geographical determinism\" at least partially explain some things that sub-saharn Africa apparently lacked? I recall that, for example, many of the animals native to sub-saharan Africa can't be domesticated...	[ "You can do amazing things without leaving writing behind. Also remember, just because we have no writing from a culture doesn't necessarily mean they couldn't write. The possibility exists that they wrote exclusively on perishable materials that have not survived. Such is the nature of ancient history." ]
Why such short notice on the Pacquiao v. Mayweather fight?	[ "Cause they are both old and past their prime.. This is the fight people wanted 8years ago.. Now I doubt the two could keep up the media for a year." ]	[ "They don't. It's a marketing ~~lie~~ gimmick. I used to work for a company that did a similar thing by mail. New customers were supposed to sign up by a certain time for special rates but as a specific matter of policy we'd give those rates to anyone who mailed back the special offer." ]
How does the "ice bucket challenge" actually raise money for charity?	[ "spreads the word to people who may pay" ]	[ "[This](_URL_0_) previous thread explains it as [entrainment](_URL_2_). When changing the diameter of your lips, the airflow is subject to the [Bernoulli effect](_URL_1_) where it speeds up. When the air moves faster, it draws in more surrounding air which is cooler than your body temperature, thus making it feel c...
How is it that cannabis has so many different 'strains' which change the appearance and other characteristics of a particular plant? Do other plants share similar significant genetic variations?	[ "Cannabis have been cultivated for many different uses over the years which have resulted in a lot of genetic variation. This is not unusual with cultivated plants. Take for instance the mustard plant which not only is prominent in the spices section in the grocery store but also consists of about half the vegetabl...	[ "You're in essence asking about what makes something a species. This is a question which is regularly asked and answered here on /r/askscience. Here is the Friday discussion FAQ from a year ago which covers a lot of issues around defining species _URL_0_ tl;dr: Interbreeding is not the only metric through which org...
What stops us from getting cell phone interference?	[ "Time division multiple access. Each user gets a time period on that frequency to talk and no one else is allowed to use it during that time period. If you split a second into 100 chunks then each person gets a 10 millisecond window to transmit a second's worth of data for clean audio. There's loads of multiple ac...	[ "Likely based on maps of coverage area, overlaid with maps of where people live. The accuracy of either type of map isn't perfect (if coverage is blocked by a very specific hill in an otherwise-covered area, for example). But it's feasible to cover basically all of a big city, and these small urban areas contain ...
Why do tires have grooves in them?	[ "It's called siping. It's mainly to shed water away from the tire. There are tires that are smooth, called racing slicks, but they're illegal to take on the road in many places, only used for competition." ]	[ "The sound is represented on the record as a series of ridges in the surface, the record player has a needle that travels along those ridges to play back the sound. _URL_0_" ]
What historical factors, if any, have contributed to the region of America known as Appalachia becoming so underdeveloped relative to the rest of the United States, such that it's now the archetype for crushing rural poverty?	[ "Just wondering if any historical factors would need be specifically American? Aren't mountain areas worldwide (the Pyranees, the Highlands, the Caucasus, the Carpathians, the Himalayas, the Andes, etc.) frequently areas of insular communities, conservatism and low economic development?" ]	[ "Follow up: what materials were used in the construction of various homes/commercial properties? And who constructed them - did they have architects, etc for homes of regular folk? Or did poor people build their houses themselves?" ]
What actually 'is' a beer gut? How is it different from plain old fat?	[ "There is little evidence that a \"beer gut\" actually exists. People that drink beer and have accumulated abdominal fat just happen to call it that. Too many calories from any food source would accumulate in a similar way. _URL_0_" ]	[ "Different ingredients, different storage situations, different flavirong, different length of time they are aged." ]
What would happen if you placed wood in a vacuum and increased the temperature gradually?	[ "Well the first thing that would happen is that the volatile compounds like the resin and sap would start to vaporize and leave the wood as gases, as would the water contained in the cells. Since under vacuum this would happen at lower temperatures than if heated in air. Due to the absence of air, the wood wouldn't...	[ "There would not be much fire: fire needs oxygen. So a manned spaceship could burn, but only where there's oxygen like a cabin or an oxygen tank. Most importantly, there would be NO SOUND. Sounds travels on air and there is no air in space. Also, it would be super dangerous to be near an explosion in space because...
Why do sick artists cancel concerts weeks in advance? Wouldn't they already be better by then?	[ "For someone whose entire career depends upon one's voice, it's better to cancel some performances to ensure a full recovery, rather than risk permanently damaging it. Source: I trained to be a speech pathologist, back in the day. I also once trained to be a professional singer, and (due to pressure from a profes...	[ "The process you seem to be missing is... well, it's your actual question. Sometimes, it takes longer to write. You don't always have the same level of inspiration, you don't always have the same level of motivation, and every writer has to occasionally fight with writer's block." ]
Would every one of my individual sperm create a totally different human being?	[ "You only have a finite amount of DNA, so there's an infinitesimally small chance that two sperm could have the same exact DNA and therefore create two genetically identical, non-twin offspring (of course, that's assuming genetically identical eggs were used as well). About why: As you know, you have two copies of ...	[ "Well first you would probably be arrested. But millions? Thats like adding a drop of water to a pond. Sure itll ripple for a few seconds but then its like nothing ever happened." ]
What exactly are rootkits and is there a way to detect or know if one is on your computer?	[ "A [rootkit](_URL_1_) is a program that inserts a backdoor into your computer, which allows a remote attacker root access to your computer. Rootkits are designed to be extremely hard to detect - they can reside in kernel code, in device drivers, or even in the hardware itslef, where no user space program can find t...	[ "9 times out of ten it's a kick drum from the famous Roland TR-808 drum machine, made famous in the 80s. This drum machine also has a few other signature sounds including its snare, open hat, and rimshot hits. The TR-808 kick became more famous than other drum machines at the time because of its \"envelope\", or, p...
Why do commercial airlines rarely have accidents whereas private jets and planes are frequently involved in accidents?	[ "Because the commercial airlines usually have the stricter training requirements, the higher cutoff point and their pilots fly even more regularly." ]	[ "Most neighborhoods built after the 1950s, ie subdivisions in the suburbs, are built all at once. Meaning they will all be built within a year of each other and use 1-5 building plans. Homes built in cities or on privately owned lots outside the city limits that are not a part of a subdivision are built as the owne...
4 US Presidents have been assassinated since 1789. 2 other Presidents were wounded by gunshot and did not die, and there were numerous other close calls. How does the US compare to other nations in terms of assassinations and attempts to kill the Head of State/Head of Government?	[ "A comparable nation is the Russian Empire, which in the time period 1796-1918 had 2 Assassinations of Tsars, Tsar Paul I and Tsar Alexander II. In addition there were failed assassination attempts on Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich and on Nicholas II when he was the crown prince. Nicholas II was also executed by t...	[ "Swatting is the practice of making a fake 911 call reporting a gunman, hostage situation or similar, with the aim of getting a SWAT team to raid a streamer's location. The SWAT team believes they are heading into a very high-risk situation involving lethal weapons, so they are obviously a bit on the edge. Accordin...
How do weather stations determine the "feels like" temperature? And why do we feel a different temperature?	[ "This temperature may be based on two adjustments for human skin heat loss: due to wind (_URL_6_) and humidity (_URL_7_). The basic principle is to find a temperature at which the heat loss on a \"standard day\" would be the same in the current weather conditions. I am not qualified to comment on how useful or corr...	[ "Nielsen does this, they tell you how on [their website](_URL_0_), but basically they just randomly select people and track everything they do by asking them to write down everything and walk around the streets with microphones to record whatever people are listening to. They aggregate the data and produce the rati...
Why does one's heart rate increase more while running than while cycling at the same perceived effort level?	[ "You use many more muscles while running. Your arms, neck, back, butt, and more leg muscles including calfs. While cycling uses more of the leg muscles than any other muscles" ]	[ "Another possible answer that has Ben discussed is this: When you are 5, and have a birthday party, you haven't had many birthdays and so your brain is working very hard to remember, absorb, and understand, all of the workings of a birthday. This is why time 'feels' long when we are younger, our brains notepad is w...
How do new languages develop and what makes people decide to use them?	[ "People just start talking them; nobody goes out of there way to make them or decide to use them. (Well generally. Some artificially constructed languages exist, but none has ever gotten a decent foothold among the world population.) People don't speak the same language as their parents exactly; new connotations an...	[ "Not to discourage further discussion, but you may want to try asking this question in /r/asklinguistics as well." ]
The major differences between German, Italian, Japanese, American, ... cars.	[ "German - Precise. Perfectly made. Engineered to perfection. Lots of computing power, not a lot of 'soul' behind the vehicle. _URL_3_ Italian - Loud, racing inspired, fun, well crafted, lots of 'soul'. Very racing inspired, as in what is learned on the track, is put into the car. Not practical for every day life, b...	[ "Lots of trial and error. I pick up a red apple, point to it and say \"bagu\". What did I mean? Apple? Round? Red? Food? Fruit? Sweet? Juicy? You really don't know. Until I pick up another thing..let's say a red ballon \"bagu!\". Hm probably not apple, not food, not fruit not sweet, not juicy. But could still be...
Why does it matter if an animal goes extinct?	[ "Imagine a huge machine. You'll find screws, nuts, bolts, gear wheels, cambelts and whatnot. Each part has a purpose. If part A doesn't work, part B may not be functioning as well. Nature is way more complex. Animal A maybe a source of food for animal B. Animal B helps animal Z to survive via a long chain. If anim...	[ "If the news paper goes under than they don't make any more money. We dont care.... they do" ]
Law of Large Numbers	[ "It is pretty simple. The average of whatever experiment you are doing (flipping coin/rolling dice) should approach the expected value the more times you repeat the experiment. For example, if you are rolling a die, the expected value is 3.5. If you only roll the die a couple times, you might have averages pretty d...	[ "You might be interested in this famous paper by Nobel laureate Eugene Wigner: [The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences](_URL_1_)" ]
I'm a Royal Princess in Ancient Egypt. What Do I Do with My Time?	[ "Follow up question: Aside from who was doing the courting, is there any major difference to how a Prince would be spending his time?" ]	[ "Read. Read this subreddit. Read this subreddit's [Popular Questions](_URL_1_). Read some of [this subreddit's recommended books about history](_URL_2_). Read some of [this subreddit's recommended academic resources](_URL_0_). Read. That should keep you occupied for a year or five. And, it'll get you started!" ]
why are chickens more likely to be contaminated with salmonella and not other animals	[ "Just like reptiles, chickens have Salmonella bacteria in their digestive tract. Adaptation in both the bacteria and animal has resulted in a situation where infection is often asymptomatic. Issues arise, however, when slaughtering and processing isn't done in a sanitary way. Because the Salmonella lives in the chi...	[ "Because they recognize things that are not a threat, and they don't recognize people. Think of how comfortable you are around airplanes and helicopters, but what if an alien spaceship came along." ]
How does the developing fetus know the structure of the human body? In other words, how does the hand form during pregnancy instead of a glob of flesh?	[ "The short answer is [hox genes](_URL_1_) and [programmed cell death](_URL_0_). Wikipedia gives a decent introduction. I'd be happy to elaborate if you'd like a bit less technical description." ]	[ "We know how far away every star is from us, and in what direction. Plug all these values into a big computer program and it will estimate the shape of the galaxy. Most of the pictures you've seen are an artist's imagining." ]
What are the Universal Wave Function and Universe Boundary Laws and why do they make this comic funny?	[ "The universal boundary condition is the original state of the universe, ie: exactly what it was like when it \"began.\" The universal wave function would be a description of how any given state of the universe changes into any other (a theory that describes how everything behaves, everywhere). It's saying \"The ...	[ "You are seeing instability in the form of buckling that is a result of the fact that fabrics are anisotropic. In addition, the deflection patterns are highly sensitive to the microstructure of the fabric (the way the warp and weft are assembled). [This paper describes the behavior of woven fabric in the loading mo...
The biological effects of cannibalism	[ "Increased chances to get parasite and diseases such as Kuru or Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease which are prion disorders and basically the human equivalents of Mad Cow. Any time an animal eats something that is too closely related to it biologically there is a severe chance of getting prion diseases. This is why eating ...	[ "Since this is a homework question, we expect a little more effort from you. What research have you done so far for your paper? What are your findings so far? Is there anything specific you have a question about?" ]
Why do some video games require a restart when altering the graphical settings, and other games do not?	[ "The ELI5 answer is simplicity. Stuff gets loaded when opening a program. If I don't want to code a way for that stuff to change while the game is open, I force a reboot. This sacrifices usability for code simplicity (or development speed)." ]	[ "Okay. So let's say that you want to bake a cookie just like the ones that grandma makes. You could try to eat her cookie, and then using your knowledge of baking sort of reverse engineer it, but it would be an incredible hassle and very hard to do. But if you had the recipe she used, it would be very easy to figur...
How humidity is measured?	[ "Imagine a closed box that is filled mostly (but not entirely) with water. If you leave the box alone, the air above the water in the box will become moister and moister, but only to a point. Why only to a point? Really there's two things happening at once. The liquid water is evaporating, producing water vapor. B...	[ "\"One of the most common ingredients used was dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DHTDMAC), which belongs to a class of materials known as quaternary ammonium compounds, or quats. This kind of ingredient is useful because part of the molecule has a positive charge that attracts and binds it to negati...
When a MMO computer game is shut down, why the developers don't release the server software, so players can still enjoy it?	[ "They have done that sometimes. Other times it's code that has copyrighted material in it or sometimes they just don't care about some old dead game and have no incentive to release anything." ]	[ "It's not that easy. Once it's been compiled, you can't decompile it. Think of the code like the recipe for a cookie. If you have that recipe, you can make that cookie any time you want. But if the cookie is baked, you can't just look at it and figure out the recipe. You'd have hints, sure, but the full recipe can'...
Why does science limit the conditions for extraterrestrial life?	[ "Variants of this question have been asked multiple times: [Why is it that scientists seem to exclude the theory that life can evolve to be sustained on something other than water on another planet?](_URL_2_) [Why is carbon necessary for life?](_URL_0_) [Life on earth is carbon-based, but could alien life be based ...	[ "Such hypothetical / speculative / open-ended questions are better suited for our new-ish sister sub /r/asksciencediscussion. Please consider reposting there instead." ]
When I transfer money to someone, the balance is immediately debited from my account, and three to five working days later it is credited to the beneficiary. Where is my money during those 3-5 days?	[ "Working for the man. You are essentially loaning the bank the money during the interim period. They day-trade with everyone's float and keep the profits." ]	[ "It takes minutes to safely fill a battery, because your electricity is driving a chemical reaction. You can fill a super capacitor in milliseconds, provided you have a suitable power supply. Similarly, it takes minutes to safely drain a battery, the chemical reaction tends to generate heat. You can dump a supercon...
How do Non-Western cultures teach Western history?	[ "The way history class goes in Saudi Arabia is pretty much as follows: (We'll ignore the fact that much of the recent history glosses over some very important subjects) Grade 1-3: History of the Prophet Muhammad Grade 4-5: History of the Rashidun Khalifs (First 4 khalifs after the Prophet Muhammad) Grade 6-8: Hist...	[ "Hi - we as mods have approved this thread, because while this is a homework question, it is asking for clarification or resources, rather than the answer itself, which is fine according to [our rules](_URL_1_). This policy is further explained in this [Rules Roundtable thread](_URL_3_) and this [META Thread](_URL_...
Why does you breath get all nasty overnight after you brushed your teeth and made it smell all nice?	[ "Bacteria are responsible for causing bad breath, and they thrive all over the mouth, but mostly on the tongue. The tongue is warm and has many more nooks and crannies on its surface for bacteria to hide than your teeth do. These bacteria reproduce all day, and when you brush your teeth, spit, talk, eat, or swallow...	[ "Memories are similar to data stored in a computer - it either reads (looks back on a stored memory) or it writes (logs and saves data / memories). When you’re about to fall asleep, your brain is going from conscious to unconscious, where it won’t write new memories. Without storing information, you don’t remember ...
In old sitcoms, even working class people owned homes, though perhaps modest ones (i.e. Archie Bunker's house in Queens). How was this possible?	[ "It used to be that even the most modest wages matched up with the average cost of living (not always of course, but definitely more often). In the 40s and 50s, a person could support a family, buy a house, and have a car by working one job. However, wages have not kept up with inflation. Because of the rising cost...	[ "Every frame of a cartoon is drawn. In order to make this process more efficient, a single background image consisting of all of the nonmoving parts is made and copied a whole bunch. Then each frame of moving stuff is drawn on to that background. This saves them from having to redraw the same never-moving bench a h...
How exactly does a bite from a venomous spider kill you?	[ "It depends on the spider. Different venoms work in different ways. Widow spiders use a venom called Latrotoxin, a neurotoxin that screws with your brain's communication with the rest of the body and causes extreme pain. Recluse spiders use a cocktail of toxins that don't cause much pain, they simply cause cells to...	[ "This video created by Vsauce 3 (Jake Roper) does a very good job explaining this: _URL_1_ I hope this answers your question. He also did another video on a simmilar line of - could you survive: _URL_0_" ]
What is the difference (at least in the southern US) between sheriff cars, constable cars, state troopers, and regular police cruisers?	[ "'Twas very oft asked here. Ye may enjoy these: 1. [ELI5: Differences between or roles/duties of police, sheriff, state police, US Marshalls, highway patrols etc. ](_URL_4_) 1. [ELI5: The difference between Police, Sheriff, Constable, and State Trooper. ](_URL_2_) 1. [ELI5: What's the difference between Police, ...	[ "This has essentially been answered by the preceding comments, but what hasn't been contributed is this: _URL_0_. Muster and enrollment records, transfer lists, honours lists, etc, for the period of 1730 through 1898. Worth having, OP, if you're writing or researching the topic academically. To succinctly summarise...
why does the fusing of iron immediately cause a star to go supernova (within a few seconds)?	[ "Iron itself does not kill a star, the production of iron kills a star. The synthesis of elements lighter than iron all release energy, energy that counteracts the inward force of gravity that threatens to collapse a star, and creating the balance called hydrostatic equilibrium. Once a star begins to synthesize ir...	[ "The General Secretary, Gorbachev, made the fatal decision to reform the country by allowing some freedom of speech (glasnost') and economics (perestroika) but without backing everything with the same iron fist all his predecessors used. It turned out that force was all that was really holding things together, an...
Why is pizza so heavily marketed towards children in the USA?	[ "If children develop the taste for pizza, it is most likely that they're going to eat it their entire life, either if their parents bought it, either if they purchase it as they grown up; all resulting in great profit for the companies for an endless period of time because the cicle repeats when today's children ha...	[ "Go watch the movie Supersize Me and report back your findings." ]
During World War II, why did the U.S. Marine Corps operate solely within the Pacific campaign, while the U.S. Army operated in both the European and Pacific campaigns of the war?	[ "More of course can be said, but check out [this old thread](_URL_0_) for a good start." ]	[ "Because Windows was built on an existing framework - MS-DOS. UNIX was built for workstations, not personal computers. So it would have been impossible to cram it onto on a lightweight machine like the original PC. It was also wholly unnecessary, as its core feature - multi-user processing - was impractical on an...
What is the difference between Dark Matter and Dark Energy?	[ "Both are called \"dark\" because we can't detect them. They're hypothesized to exist because they would explain phenomena that we currently can't explain. That's about as far as their similarities go. Our galaxies are held together by gravity. The problem is when astrophysicists estimate the amount of matter in ou...	[ "This is a small complaint, but you don't have a theory about antimatter. You have a conjecture. I don't know enough about the topic to say if it has any possible credence or not, but a theory requires a lot more work than \"hmmm, maybe it's this!\" This is not supposed to discourage you wondering or asking, just h...
Is there a finite number of images a computer screen can display?	[ "The formula for the total number of images a monitor can display is (2^(Panel Colour Accuracy))^(Vertical Pixels•Horizontal Pixels) . By Colour Accuracy I mean the Total per pixel as opposed to how its sometimes refers to per colour in the RGB colour space. I.E 8 bit RGB panel would be 8*3= 24 bit colour. ...	[ "It \"kinda\" can. The most common machine learning approach at the moment (neural networks) is basically a very fancy gradient descent (go down the slope of a hill). Sometimes, a neural net can get stuck in a local minimum (a pool on top of a hill). Give the right example at the right time, and you can get the alg...
When using those wire head massagers, why does the good sensation 'fade away' after that first initial use?	[ "It's because of sensory adaptation. This is a phenomena that basically means that when neurons are firing in response to a constant stimulus (in this case the wire head massager), they will become less responsive over time. Hence, it fades away slowly. It's like how you don't really notice the feeling of your butt...	[ "Our eardrums vibrate - but that's not how our brain senses sound. The eardrum only transfers the sound from the outer ear to the inner ear. Within the inner ear is the cochlea, the part that actually senses the sound. The cochlea is filled with a fluid, and the sound is transferred into this fluid. Along the insid...
Divine Command Theory	[ "Basically: you can define whether an action is morally \"good\" or \"bad\" depending on whether God would approve of it or not. In other words, to be truly moral, you have to follow God's commandments 100%. Of course, this introduces problems of its own (such as: which God are you referring to?), but that's th...	[ "Not to discourage anyone from answering your question but /r/AskBibleScholars may be a better match for your questions." ]
How does my dream self know how to fly? or how does my brain create realistic situations of things I've never encountered?	[ "A logical answer to this is that it doesn't. All you know is what you THINK it feels like, and so that is what your brain makes it feel like. By definition you are going to think it's impression of events is accurate." ]	[ "I'm sure there are more knowledgeable folks here who can provide a more comprehensive answer, but [there is evidence](_URL_1_) birds navigate over such long distances in part by being biologically sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field. In other words, they have a built in compass. As for where to go, in at leas...
Why does spinning iron cause the Earth's magnetic field?	[ "See the [dynamo effect](_URL_0_). Basically, the idea is that the motion of molten iron leads to the motion of charges, and moving charges generate magnetic fields." ]	[ "Look at [this picture](_URL_0_). Pretty much gets the idea across. The lines in the picture represent magentic field lines. Note how the disk is sorta \"pinched\" between them. In that fashion the disk is held in place." ]
Where is all accepted scientific knowledge kept?	[ "There is no single gatekeeper, who decides what is and is not \"accepted scientific knowledge\". Nor is science like mathematics, where a proof can be self-evidently correct. It depends on evidence, which may be inaccurately or unreliably collected or interpreted. As such, scientific knowledge is provisional, base...	[ "Because then we would also have to add * Communism/socialism/Marxism * The speed of light * Black holes * How computers work * Monty Hall problem" ]
What happens to the molecules containing radioactive isotopes when the atoms decay?	[ "It depends on the decay type. * Alpha decays give the remaining nuclei a large kinetic energy - typically in the range of tens of keV. Way too much for chemical bonds to matter, so the atom gets ejected. Same for proton and neutron emission. * Gamma decays typically give the atom less than 1 eV, not enough to brea...	[ "Every time you make a copy of a cell, there is a chance for errors. For example when you photocopy a first print, it is pretty crisp and close to the original, but there are a few minor discrepencies. Now if you photocopy the copy, it gets more distorted, and so on until some letters get hard to read, it gets diff...
How do calluses form?	[ "Your skin typically has a layer of dead cells on its exterior, which gradually slough off, and are replaced by new cell creation from below. In areas that routinely experience friction, the mechanical activity can result in dead cells accumulating faster than they are sloughed off, resulting in a thickened tough l...	[ "Evolutionary adaptation and natural selection. You ever spent your entire life wandering around rocky fields? It would make sense that the animals with the harder covering for their feet would suffer less infections and then be less likely to die off." ]
How do those tiny rocks always get into my shoes?	[ "The neck of your inner side of the shoe (for an example your left foot right side), theres a pocket that slips any small object into it without feeling something going in there. Conclusion is that the neck of the shoe is short, making the pocket wider thus more possibilities to get those pesky pebbles into the sho...	[ "They're just ghosts of the bugs and insects you have killed... @_@" ]
Why do we get the chills, goosebumps when we listen to a song?	[ "This is called musical frisson. Basically, when you hear a song that is pleasurable, exciting, or may take you back to an emotionally charged period of time in your life...your brain releases dopamine, our \"feel good\" neurotransmitter. During a time of intense emotional arousal, our brain releases a surge of dop...	[ "\"High\" and \"low\" are relative so it is difficult to interpret the question. At any rate, your eardrum and the tiny hair therein have frequency-response based on their mechanics (geometry, material, ect). Given the size of the hairs, the answer might have more to do with mechanical resonance than with neuroscie...
How does zero gravity chambers work?	[ "Usually by being in free-fall. When you are accelerating towards the earth in an aircraft, relative to the aircraft you are not moving, so you don't feel as though you are under the effects of gravity. Because you're in a closed room, or aircraft, there's no wind whipping by you to indicate you are falling, and no...	[ "Exposure to unfiltered sunlight and near-vacuum conditions, most likely. Conducting experiments on site would definitely pose a challenge though." ]
If "Classic" cars are so desirable/good looking, why don't they make more just like them?	[ "They do. The Shelby Cobra is probably the most famous. But Google \"reproduction kit cars\" and you'll find hundreds of makes and models. Some of them are meant to be attached to an existing chassis (like, buy a used car and strip it and replace all the body panels and seats with the kit's parts) and some of them ...	[ "Old games are built on old platforms and need to be re-engineered to work on modern platforms. Game devs do release old content all the time. You can go on your phone right now and download a ton of Square Enix's old games that have been ported to Android and iOS, but there has to be a financial incentive for them...
Was the only reason that (North) Korea put up a fight during the Korean conflict because of Chinese backing?	[ "China didn't really back them till they were being pushed to the Yalu River, then the Chinese had multiple reasons to support NK, political, militarily, Communist, and the fact NK sent soldiers during the Chinese civil war. Also Soviets were unwilling to send any support besides Migs to their border. Since NK seem...	[ "That's a fascinating idea, and there could be some basis for that in certain stories. But for Dragonball in particular that is not the case. It is pseudo-lovecraftian in the sense that all things mystical are alien. But more than that it is all a reference to mostly buddhist influences in japan, and one particular...
Why do we get so much mucus in our nose when we're sick? Is it possible to blow it all out?	[ "When you aren't sick, mucus acts as sort of a fly paper catching bacteria and dust and the like to keep it our of your lungs. The increase of mucus production is likely your body's attempt to flush out all of the crap in your system. No its not possible to get it ALL out as even where you're healthy you'll make so...	[ "The fan inside the vacuum cleaner (or the act of inhalation) moves air and creates a pressure difference. Air from other places (i.e. outside the nozzle or mouth) rushes in to equilibrate, taking with it whatever is in its path. Simply put." ]
Sources For Native American History?	[ "If I had more time, I could give you a more complete list of suggestions, but I'll have to be brief for now (after the weekend, I may revisit this topic). The Smithsonian Handbook of North American Indians can be hard to come by, but if you're in a university setting you might have access it. It's worth checking o...	[ "Can anyone recommend some good Arab-Israeli conflict books?" ]
Lagrange Points L4, and L5, they continue to elude me.	[ "I think a they're easier to visualize this way. Lagrange points are all at [inflection points in the curves](_URL_0_). L3 if shifted to either side wouldn't have balanced effects from the satellite on the opposite side of the orbit. It might be easier to conceptualize L4 and L5 points on a binary system (they'd be...	[ "You just have to memorize the chart. There's no trick to it. You should get used to this if you will eventually have to take Organic Chemistry. Here's a [picture](_URL_0_) of the chart to help you out. All you really need to do is figure out how many chemical bonds you have, and how many lone pairs you have, and t...
If video games are developed on computers why do they take so long for them to come out on PC vs console?	[ "They are being developed on \"a computer\" for a different target hardware, that being probably mainly a development kit for the console in question. It is common to have tools and compilers that run on one platform (x86 win32) but produce executables for another (ppc xbox 360, x86 PS4/xb1) each with thier own OS ...	[ "There are a lot more steps involved than you see. From your perspective as a customer, you see the the money leave your account immediately when you make a purchase; but in reality there's a lot of processing that goes on and banks talking to each other and checking with each other before passing the money over. J...
Whats behind the 'calling of the void' phenomenon?	[ "I never knew this had a name & thought I was the only one. Most vivid experience was wanting to drive into a concrete barrier at high speed. The thought really scared me." ]	[ "Think of a wire mesh, like an insert on a window. Because it’s so thin light get’s through no problem. It’s the same with most materials, if it’s thin enough some light will get through. Let’s add some thickness by stacking up layers of the wire mesh. After a few layers it’s hard to see through and after a few mor...
Why are some currencies worth more than others and how is it determined?	[ "Supply and Demand. Company A makes and sells widgets in China. They use Chinese Yuan to buy the supplies for the widgets, pay the workers making the widgets, and receive as payment for the widgets. I am an American with US Dollars in my pocket, and I want to buy widgets from Company A. To do that, I need to posses...	[ "Different ingredients, different storage situations, different flavirong, different length of time they are aged." ]
- A multiverse - how is it possible that other universes exist along side ours, or is it complete bull?	[ "Id repost this in r/askscience if you want a real answer" ]	[ "\"Time zones\" are a modern invention, but it was understood in antiquity that time was different in different parts of the earth. Here are some previous answers I've given on the subject: _URL_2_ Here are some other old threads on time zones: _URL_3_ _URL_1_ and an overall link drop to clean up anything I missed...
Is it safe to reuse oil for deep frying? I have read that doing so hydrogenates the oil making it unhealthy.	[ "I believe its the oxidation and polymerization of the oil that increases with re-use that makes it unhealthy. The hydrogenation is actually somewhat difficult to achieve because it involves breaking a pretty stable double (pi) bond between carbons. Usually you need a special catalyst (like palladium) to do this. ...	[ "I wrote a detailed response about Tom Holland's documentary [here](_URL_0_), using primary source to argue that something very similar to modern Islam did exist quite early on. Also worth noting that Crone and Cook's Hagarism thesis is not taken seriously anymore (or even at the time) - it literally used only th...
What's naturopathy and why are people so passionate about (or against) it?	[ "It is a pseudo science based dicipline. Some of its aspects can be beneficial, such as not eating overly processed foods. But the homeopathic parts of it are usually new age bullshit that people buy into. There is nothing wrong with the lifestyle, until someone believes in herbal cures for real diseases. Thats ho...	[ "NIH provides good objective information about the current status of these topics and _URL_5_ has good information about their history. Here are those pages for the topics you asked about: Homeopathy: _URL_4_ _URL_0_ Acupuncture: _URL_1_ _URL_2_ Chiropractic: _URL_3_ http://www._URL_5_/medicine/divisio...
why are you only supposed to drive with one foot in an auto?	[ "Driving with only one foot largely prevents you from accidentally pressing both the gas and brakes at the same time, which would not be necessary in basically any imaginable scenario. It ensures you're only using one pedal at a time." ]	[ "[Wikipedia](_URL_0_) has some good comments on it. I remember the notes about Napoleon from elementary school history. > There is a popular story that Napoleon changed the rule of the road in the European countries he conquered from keep-left to keep-right. Some justifications are symbolic, such as that Napoleon...
Is it possible for life to evolve that communicates via radio waves (or other EMR)?	[ "Technically, as visible light is light, and thus electromagnetic radiation, any language interpretable by using the eye would count. For an example where the organism both generates and receives the light, you could use the firefly." ]	[ "There is something similar called the nocebo effect: if you believe something will make you ill, it will. This is what is seen in people that get a rash from being near a Wi-Fi router - whether it's turned on or not. It's not the Wi-Fi signal that's causing the rash, it's the belief. Whether the same is true for...
why are companies switching advertising and logos to all lower-case letters?	[ "Lower case is friendlier, and unless you need to inspire trust (an airline, for example) it is better to be liked." ]	[ "Software can optimize images and fonts to render well with your monitor. See [hinting](_URL_0_) and [anti-aliasing](_URL_1_) for details. With macs, the software is more standardized, which makes this easier to accomplish. For other systems, a bit of tweaking may be required, but the same effect can be achieved. ...
Why are legs of paraplegic so short and tiny?	[ "Because Osteoporosis (demineralization of the bones) and muscle atrophy (muscles degrading over time as they go unused) are symptoms that often follow being paralyzed. Bones and muscles are strong in able-bodied people because they are used to being under the constant weight of our own bodies from gravity. But sin...	[ "Marketing. It makes the reader more easily relate to them. They aren't really a group of editors and publicitsts pushing the book, it's just that one person in a small town that wrote a story." ]
How is the whole world in debt and to who is this debt owed?	[ "It's owed to different nations and within each nation. A misconception about U.S. debt, for example is that it's all owned by China. That is untrue. Though the U.S. is in debt to China some, a lot more of U.S. debt is in the form of bonds (read: official IOU notes) that the government gave citizens. Although it mi...	[ "This CGP Grey video does a really good job of explaining it all. _URL_3_" ]
Why is Frankenstorm Sandy such a big deal?	[ "If you saw the movie \"The perfect storm\" (which was based on true events), this one is very much like that. Except instead of happening off in the Atlantic, it is going down right on top of the East coast. Sandy herself isn't too bad, and left to her own would spin out into the North Atlantic and die out. The fr...	[ "You mean the Animal Planet one? Hype and marketing. Then it became a euphemism for menstruation (I'll fill you in if you want, but it's gross sex stuff...) and took on a life of its own." ]
Why is the pipe organ the typical catholic church instrument?	[ "Centuries ago most musical instruments were pretty quiet. This was the loudest known way for a single musician to play a tune -- so it was pretty impressive to a big crowd, even more so in a big echoing stone cathedral." ]	[ "This might be easier for people to answer if you gave a specific time and place. Are we talking about Italian renaissance choir boys or Chinese imperial officials? Edit: specific time not a specific Tim" ]
When did people first realize that time was different at different sides of the globe?	[ "There is a section on the FAQ about this, though I think /u/jschooltiger's comment [here](_URL_1_) does a better job of collating some of the more useful threads on the matter. (With answers mostly by jschooltiger, /u/restricteddata and myself.) The short answer is, it's a fairly straightforward implication of a s...	[ "I heard it had a lot to do with the invention / discovery of the camera obscura. This helped people understand perspective / proportions / etc better. Here's a quick article I found about it - but there are a ton of others, videos, books, etc that talk about it in more depth. _URL_0_" ]
Why do vending machines have spiral bits?	[ "Spirals are simple and easy. A small motor on the back is activated when the correct signal is sent and the coil turns just enough to drop one of the items. The items are sorted, organized, and in order. Sometimes the simplest solution is the best." ]	[ "Not sure but I've seen them pressed more often when I order for multiple people. I think it's just a shorthand so the customer knows which drink is which and which box has which burger. So when my mom orders for me and my sister and herself she can easily give my me coke, my sister her root beer, etc.." ]
Difference between East coast rap and West coast rap	[ "Rap started in the East Coast, in the streets on New York. It started out by people coming out of the Funk movement, and doing more spoken word stuff. New York then started to have more Criminal Rappers which changed rap into what it is today. Once news got to the West Coast about rapping, rappers over there start...	[ "Different gasoline taxes. Different distances between the nearest refinery. Different blend requirements for the gasoline(California). Different requirements on who's allowed to pump gasoline into a car(Oregon/New Jersey). Different minimum wages. Different property values for a gas station sized plot of land. Dif...
The current situation in Northern Ireland	[ "In short gangsters who used to be IRA members killed someone. Unionists fling mud and threaten to go home, taking all their toys with them. It should be noted that by every reputable account the IRA disarmed and are no longer in operation, have been for several years. However the criminal enterprises they used to ...	[ "Just asked this in the other sticky, but maybe this is the better place for it: Does anyone have any good book recommendations about the Nigerian Civil War or about Biafra as a country?" ]
What was pre-Christian Visigoth religion like?	[ "Great question, but there is a problem here: when dealing with the religions of pre-conversion, pre-literate societies, there is typically scarce and problematic information. We are left with connecting dots from diverse flawed sources. These include documents written by people who didn't like the Visigoths, docum...	[ "Follow-up question: how likely is it that there were still some pagans left in the British Isles in 793?" ]
Why do photos of highschool kids prior to 1990 look much older than the kids today?	[ "Probably because you associate the styles they’re dressed in with the people who are from that era. What was popular in the 50’s-90’s with the youth is still getting worn by people from that era only they’re older. Hairstyles mostly. That’s why a lot of senior citizens wear their hair in curls bc it was popular ...	[ "Hi there -- while we've approved this question, we would like to remind potential respondents of our [current events](_URL_0_) (AKA \"20-year\") rule -- it's fine to discuss events through 1997 (inclusive) and their effects, but not events after 1997. Thanks!" ]
Microhistory - what is it?	[ "I'd say it is difficult to provide an exact definition. Books such as Corbin's The Village of Cannibals, Carlo Ginzburg's The Cheese and the Worm, Natalie Zemon Davis's The Return of Martin Guerre are all usually considered Microhistory and they all have slightly different ways of going about it. For example Ginzb...	[ "Since nobody has given you anything yet, I suggest that you check out Sidney Mintz's Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. Most the answers you seek will be there..." ]
How come you can use a password, or a combination to a lock, every single day or even multiple times a day and then one day out of the blue you just forget it?	[ "You've probably transitioned to muscle memory. You no longer consciously enter the pin or twist the combination lock to a specific number, you've just got a sense of the pattern to move your hand on the pin, or how long to turn the dial on the combination lock. Once you try to transition back to conscious memory, ...	[ "Your brain is programmed by evolution to seek out patterns, and make sense of the world through stories. This has allowed humans to recognize certain laws of nature in order to take advantage of them (seeking out patterns is really just the fundamental building block of the scientific method). It has also allowed ...
What are the best, unbiased books about Theodore Roosevelt?	[ "Leaving aside the issue that anything you read is going to be biased, the go-to recommendation for an overview of Roosevelt is Edmund Morris' [trilogy on Roosevelt](_URL_0_) -- it clocks in at about 2,500 pages, but is a good read and good overview of Roosevelt. Morris has worked as a journalist, not a historian, ...	[ "A follow up question: what sources do we have on the reign of Shihuangdi other than the Records of the Grand Historian?" ]
Is there real evidence that squatting is a better way to defecate than sitting?	[ "Yes, squatting is a more natural position for defecation but it also has certain negative aspects and may be implicated in knee osteoarthritis. _URL_1_ _URL_0_ _URL_2_" ]	[ "_URL_2_ columnist William Saletan waded into this issue several years ago with similar questions to yours. Here's an article posted AFTER his initial article and several followups, all of which can be reached via links within the article. It's an interesting journey with commentary from psychologists, statistician...
If you placed a flashlight in an area with no gravity, magnetism, etc. or any other outside force and turned it on, would the "force" of light propel the light?	[ "Yes. Photons have momentum despite not having mass. Conservation of momentum would result in recoil." ]	[ "F=ma is a simplification that we use for everyday physics. The actual equation is F=dp/dt, i.e. force is the derivative of momentum with respect to time. Photons do have momentum, even though they don't have mass. A photon's momentum is p = h/λ (λ is wavelength, h is a fundamental constant), so shorter wavelengths...
What is a CVT in a car and why do a lot of people hate it?	[ "You've probably seen a multiple speed bicycle with 5 or more gears on the rear wheel. If it were a CVT, it would look more like one cone, rather than distinct gears, where any spot on the cone can be use. So between 2 of the bikes physical gears, the CVT can great anywhere between the 2 gears. People hate them bec...	[ "Because with a computer mouse you move it exactly X distance on the table so the cursor moves Y distance. With a joystick, you essentially 'toggle' the cursors movement in any given direction, for a certain length of time, until the cursor reaches what you need. It's also less accurate because you're dealing with ...
How do acids 'eat' things?	[ "It's more like they get dissolved, but 'eat' just sounds so much cooler. Think of tossing salt into water, except that acids can often cause reactions that pull all sort of stuff into solution (depending on acid identity and strength). Note: Solvation reactions and acid reactions are different on a fundamental lev...	[ "The same way that astronomers find out almost everything. They use [spectrography](_URL_0_). Absorbtion colors - the specific colors of light that get emitted when light is absorbed by matter - tell you exactly what element or molecule did the absorbtion and emission. This process works with suns, atmospheres, pla...
What is the difference between "Multiple Alleles" and "Polygenic Inheritance"?	[ "Multiple alleles is when there are more than two versions of any one gene, of which an individual can have at most two (unless they've got an extra chromosome, but that's a different issue). Polygenic inheritance is when a trait is controlled by more than one gene. Both properties increase the number of possible v...	[ "Well that depends how the venoms work. Some may work by simply working opposite of the poison they're meant to counter, some may bind the venom, lessening its effect. Example, in atropine poisoning, one would use pilocarpine. Atropine is a paradympatholytic agent, pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic. What that me...
Why did the housing market crash in 2008?	[ "1.) Irresponsible borrowers who have no idea how mortgages work. 2.) Greedy banks setting customers up for failure 3.) Government policies that prevented a crash from the dotcom fallout by redirecting money into the housing market causing drastic inflation of a bubble which would eventually become unsustainable."...	[ "I could try to explain it to you, but this video is all you really need: _URL_9_" ]
What is the worst possible economic position for a country to be in?	[ "I don't know what \"higher in deficit\" means. The U.S. carries more debt than Greece, and has a larger budget deficit, but that's only because we have a much larger economy and level of government spending. It's like asking why the Atlanta Braves and the NY Giants don't have similar winning records - the comparis...	[ "The more money that is in circulation the lower the value of each denomination of that money. So a dollar today may get you a candy bar, but after the government prints a whole bunch of money that same candy bar may cost you three dollars." ]
Why are boys commonly named after their fathers but girls not after their mothers?	[ "Usually males also pass on their surnames, so there is a long western tradition of fathers passing their names down to their sons to show lineage. For example, can you guess the name of Henry VIII's father? This wouldn't normally work for females as their surname would change when married." ]	[ "You can buy and install a urinal for your home. I know people who have done this, and I've considered doing this too. Most people don't do this because you'll still need a toilet to poop. In most homes where space is at a premium, it's much more efficient to install a toilet that can handle both poop and pee. Also...

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