Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
How do we know nothing can go faster than light?	[ "No, something being FTL would not be invisible. However, it would only be seen at a location when it arrived, or by a nearby observer after it had passed. At that point, the observer would see two images of the object, the arriving image playing out backwards, and the passing image playing out normally. It would a...	[ "To say what would happen, you need a reliable theory. But there are no reliable theories in which ftl travel is possible. There are plenty of crazy theories with ftl travel, so I guess you could pick one and use that, but it would be no less scientific to save yourself the effort and just make it up :)" ]
How could I get a rock that's around 4 billion years old?	[ "Actually the oldest rocks can be exposed on the surface (because they have cycled up). You'd be looking in the Canadian Shield, Australia, Africa. Best bet might be, \"In 1999, the oldest known rock on Earth was dated to 4.031 ± 0.003 billion years, and is part of the Acasta Gneiss of the Slave craton in northwes...	[ "For oil, none, and for coal, virtually none. The parent organic material for oil is almost entirely microscopic organisms which live(d) in the ocean, like zooplankton or algae. For coal, the majority of the original organic material is from plants living in swamps. This somewhat [simplistic page](_URL_0_) basicall...
When looking at a bright light, why does it hurt less to look at it with one fully opened eye than looking at it with both eyes half-opened?	[ "So my question is: why after millions of years of evolution does it still hurt our eyes to even go outside when it's bright. Will we ever \"adapt\" enough to where we can walk outside on a bright day without having to squint at all?" ]	[ "How loud a noise is in one ear, relative to the other ear, allows the brain to estimate where the source of the sound is coming from. When both sounds in each ear are in sync and being received at the same volume, your brain figures that the source of this noise must be located between your two ears; the middle (o...
Does using Brand A's charger on Brand B's phone damage the battery ?	[ "Not at all. The great thing about modern chargers is that they're all a form of USB or another, which is universal. They're like belts, they will hold up pants or used to beat me regardless of brand." ]	[ "These answers were largely true years ago, but not so much today. The large outlet shopping centers you see all over are not selling off quality, or outdated goods. The manufacturers make other specifically for the outlet markets, usually of slightly lower quality. Source: worked for Levi Strauss and they have doz...
Why is demanding $15m like Ahmed Mohamed (clock boy) is doing not considered extortion and illegal?	[ "Courts are the places where people in our society resolve disputes. His legal team is just saying \"give us these damages or we'll have the government decide who's right\". How is that extortion?" ]	[ "> how it really amounts to a bunch of bologna I don't have an answer, but I do need to point out that bologna = lunch meat. Baloney = nonsense." ]
What exactly prevents an American from establishing an all-volunteer army to fight ISIS in a manner similar to the situation in the Spanish Civil War?	[ "We already have an all volunteer army. The army. The fact that they're not fighting ISIS directly should speak to the level of support such an action would have politically (and not just domestically). The Abraham Lincoln brigade had the full support and cooperation of the military; in a very real sense, they were...	[ "Could we trigger an eruption at Yellowstone if we wanted to? e.g. Set off an underground nuclear bomb at Yellowstone." ]
Why is it warmer at the equator than the poles?	[ "[Here's](_URL_0_) an image of the inclination of the Earth that illustrates the angle of sunlight during the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere. This is the warmest the north pole gets. Now, think about taking a flashlight on a floor. When you point it directly down, the light is concentrated on a small ci...	[ "For much the same reason that a waterwheel or hydroelectric dam also has a lower side and a higher side." ]
Why do people always do the opposite of what you ask them to?	[ "Confirmation bias. You only remember the times people mess up simple instructions, and you do a lot of requests so they mess up a lot." ]	[ "Ok, give me $1000 and then I won't pay it back. Does that sound good to you?" ]
How is Lizard Squad hacking XBOX Live?	[ "It's getting fucking annoying that's for sure. I'm thinking they plan to shut down PSN, Xbox Live, and Steam on Christmas." ]	[ "This has been covered many times before, but the short answer is that the ads come from a different server which has more money poured into it." ]
Is buying your way into the music industry the only way to make it?	[ "No? It is as easy as ever to get your music out there. 95% of hip hop artists literally started in their bedroom with FL Studio and a shitty microphone. If you create good music people will listen to it eventually" ]	[ "I actually read a really cool article about this a couple of days ago! [One of the reasons is that the rhythm and melody of a song can constrain a singer's natural speech so that their accent appears to disappear.](_URL_0_) Accents come from variations in cadence and intonation in speech. These variations are ofte...
How do I wake up in the morning 3 pounds lighter than I was the night before?	[ "2 ways: 1) You lose water vapor in your breath as you breathe out during sleep. 2) you body still needs energy when you sleep, it produces this energy by burning sugar, the byproducts of sugar metabolism is CO2 and water. You then breath the CO2. All that Carbon you breath out adds up over the night." ]	[ "This is going to get removed but here it is: Fiber is the key. Fiber and water. You have to poop a lot. That's it." ]
How far could Earth move either towards or away from the Sun before it left the Goldilocks zone of comfort and all temperate weather were eliminated?	[ "The most recent estimates for the size of the Goldilocks Zone around the Sun place its inner edge at 0.99 AU and its outer edge at 1.688 AU, for a planet with an earthlike atmosphere (1 AU being the average distance from the Earth to the Sun). So, you couldn't move the Earth much farther in without things getting ...	[ "You are on the correct trail in researching Milankovitch cycles. The question of does it effect weather is really one of time-scales. The characteristic time scale of Axial precession (wobble) is 26,000 years so any effect on our 'weather' would be on similar time-scales. It is basically impossible for something w...
What do red/green colorblind people see through nigh tvision goggles	[ "Being colorblind doesn't mean that you are literally blind to colors. It just means you cannot distinguish/name some colors. If someone added a certain kind of red or brown to some parts of the night vision goggles' image, red/green colorblind people wouldn't notice that it's not green. The colors seem very simi...	[ "In the case of the Titanic, the lookouts had a hard time seeing the iceberg because it was nighttime and because they didn't have any binoculars. It's difficult to spot any object on the water when there is no light." ]
Why do I need a dealer(ship) to buy a car? And why do I need a real estate agent to buy a house?	[ "Generally Realtors know more about houses than you do, will give better prices and will help you find what you are looking for. Not to mention houses tend to sell faster and everything goes more smoothly. As for car dealerships, you don't need them, you can buy your car used from a neighbour, but going through a d...	[ "Steam: Steam is the middle man. Valve charges publishers and indie developers a fee to sell a game through Steam, and takes a percentage of each sale. Steam was one of the first digital game distribution platforms. Origin: Origin is owned and operated by Electronic Arts. Since EA is both a developer and a ...
Does the shape of the Pentagon actually help the U.S. military?	[ "The design of it was to maximize office space while minimizing travel time on foot from one side to the other. The theory was for better reaction times and message delivery." ]	[ "Not science disclaimer: This is not science. Land is sold by the acre which is surface area. The whole point behind very tall buildings like the Burj Khalifa is to maximize that patch of planet that it is built upon. When the design constraints begin at the very bottom, the only choice is to go up. Pyramids ha...
When people say they can feel knots in your back, what exactly are those knots made of?	[ "After a muscle experiences an extended period of strain or some awkward use, some of the fibrils in a band can remain contracted or clenched, even though the muscle is signalled to relax. Imagine a thick rope, being made up of several smaller strands all tied together. Now imagine if a bunch of those smaller stran...	[ "They will, eventually, but it takes quite a long time. Bugs like ticks and fleas breathe not with lungs, but with little tiny holes in the outer shell that are connected to little tiny tubes that run throughout the inside of the body. These little holes (called spiracles) are so small that the surface tension of t...
Why are sidewalks divided into squares.	[ "Concrete expands and contracts over the course of a year with the weather but it is rigid so if there wasn’t room for it to expand, it would crack." ]	[ "You want to easily be able to identify where the missing texture is, and a purple/black checkerboard is pretty damn noticeable in 99% of cases. And once one person used it, some more started using it, and it kind of just self-standardised" ]
Why does reading often trigger yawning?	[ "In a similar vein I was wondering if reading causes you to become tired. I'm fine until I start reading , then I am usually progressively getting more tired." ]	[ "Sleep learning us a myth that has been debunked. If it were true, we would all sleep with ipods and speak 15 foreign languages and have multiple PhDs. What happened to OP is that he was in a trance state, similar to hypnosis. It is very easy to enter a self-trance state and with little practice we can all do it. W...
Why do so many of my local (Californian) marijuana dispensaries get shut down if marijuana is legal through a Dr's. Reccomendation?	[ "The state has decreed they are legal, the federal government has not. So the feds can still raid/shut down these dispensaries." ]	[ "Crops are a lot less diverse than weeds. When we develop a crop, we plant the exact same plant over and over again. In extreme cases like the Cavendish banana (the one you probably eat), all the plants are genetically clones of each other. So if one disease works against one plant, it would like work against th...
Why do some people laugh uncontrollably while they try to tell a fact or a story that they find funny?	[ "After years of doing what your colleague has done, I've concluded that it's because when a person describes a story they are replaying it from their memory and also from their perspective. It won't, and probably can't be as humorous because you simply weren't there to experience it and there is a huge amount of de...	[ "The general consensus is [attention and approval seeking](_URL_4_) or [medical issues](_URL_1_). In [domesticated animals](_URL_2_), the approval seeking is generally from the owner. Because we see this in wild animals as well, it can't just be a human-approval mechanism. The attention seeking can be extended to t...
Waking up from a coma - why could that person not wake up earlier and what happens to the brain during recovery and at the time of waking up?	[ "Drug-induced coma can be used to rest the body or to sedate a person to the point that they can be mechanically ventilated efficiently. People can be in coma as a side effect of brain trauma- in which case swelling can cause compression of the frontal lobe (partly responsible for assembling reality) and in bad sw...	[ "Imagine you're trying to find a coffee shop in a city. If you've been there recently, it should be pretty easy to find. If it's been 10 years since you've been to the coffee shop or the city, it might take you a LONG time to find. It also might take long to find if you've been to other, similar coffee shops in the...
If Energy cannot be created, and the Universe IS expanding, will the energy eventually become so dispersed enough that it is essentially useless?	[ "Also, conservation of energy only holds true for systems whose physical description is constant over time. Turns out that in our expanding universe, overall, the physical description changes over time. The part that seems to change is that while all the stuff in the universe is moving ever further apart, the con...	[ "Your son is basically describing the theory known as \"Tired Light.\" The reason we don't think tired light is true is that we've never been able to come up with a mechanism that would cause energy loss in photons, yet still match our observed data. For a tired light phenomenon to be true, it would have to: 1) Exp...
How can a screenshot of a Gameboy Advance game be several MBs big, when the game itself is only 1 or 2 MB?	[ "One is the instructions to perform a task, the other is the result. I could write instructions to build a pyramid that would take less than a page yet the result is gigantic." ]	[ "Windows didn't cache a windows pixels when something is placed above it. It simply asked the message handler to render that area of the window when the area was returned to the window. When the message handler is unable to execute this it keeps the pixels that were last rendered. A message handler can fail to hand...
How can debt be good for a country?	[ "Debt can be useful for sovereign nations that can borrow in their own currency. This is because you can borrow to invest in socially useful infrastructure that increases GDP and eventually generates more income and a higher standard of living. Now in terms of repayment, if you've borrowed in your own currency you ...	[ "The best explanation I've heard is this: During World War I and WWII, the rest of the industrialized world exploded and killed itself while we kept all of our infrastructure intact, despite our participating in those wars. So, we got all the benefits of economic stimulus from war spending and little of the destruc...
Was Prometheus myth created after Greeks discovered that liver can regenerate?	[ "I don't think anyone can say for sure when the myth of Prometheus first came about. But I can help shed a little light on the significance of his liver being eaten. It doesn't have much to do with a liver's regenerative properties and has more to do with the cultural value of the liver in Ancient Greece. The liver...	[ "Just as a follow-up question - with this sort of topic, is it possible to give a really solid answer if there is no source that says \"there is no evidence of this?\" This isn't my field at all, so I'm really curious about how this sort of question is answered. Is a better response one that examines where such a s...
what happens to my body when my metabolism speeds up? If I haven’t increased my activity level then how does that extra energy get spent?	[ "Caffeine is a stimulant, and will increase your resting heart rate. Cold temperatures will force your body to generate more heat by ramping up cell chemistry rates and/or shivering major muscle groups. Both of these cost energy, but the effect isn't really that significant. If you're looking to lose weight, it beg...	[ "Well, understand it's not cash. That would be crazy. It's invested, and making money. This would be fine for you and me, but isn't good for a company. They need to be investing in themselves, building out facilities, putting money into R & D, acquiring new properties...Unfortunately, they have so much money, ...
Why do we clean pools with chlorine?	[ "Related question - Why is it safe to swim in chlorinated water, whereas inhaling chlorine gas will kill you?" ]	[ "It’s to insure that they are not liable for false advertising if some germs remain on the surface. They can just use the excuse that they never said it would kill everything." ]
Pen Names: What's the point?	[ "3 reasons: 1) To increase the appeal of the author's name. \"Mike Stone\" might be a more credible-sounding author of a detective novel than \"Priscilla Bensonhurst\". Silly, but true. 2) To provide anonymity of the author. Keeps the media off their backs, for a while anyway. Also helps if there was more than one ...	[ "It is exactly as you think it is. When we vote we often have the option for a write-in candidate. There are requirements to get a candidate listed as an option on the ballot, but just because someone isn't on the ballot doesn't you can't vote for them. It is rare for a write-in candidate to win, but it has happene...
As the universe continues to expand, is it "seeding" (for lack of a better term) matter behind its boundary or only expanding empty space?	[ "The universe doesn't have a \"boundary\". It's not that the universe is expanding it's borders into new space. Instead, everything in the universe is just gradually getting further away from everything else. To answer your question directly: No new matter is being added to the universe. So the universe is graduall...	[ "In a vacuum, things can accelerate until arbitrarily close to the speed of light as long as a force is being applied (relative to some initial rest frame). However, space contains very sparse amounts of interstellar gas, and at high enough speeds the [blueshifting of the cosmic backgroun radiation](_URL_0_) can ap...
George Orwell died of pneumonia died in 1950, nearly a decade after antibiotics were synthesised. Why did this disease kill him in spite of treatments being available?	[ "George Orwell didn't die of pneumonia. He died of a burst artery in his lung as a complication of tuberculosis. Source: New York Times, Jan 22 1950." ]	[ "Could you provide some examples of contemporary pictures that depict the Order with horned helmets? All the ones I've found - as well as the carvings about the order - have standard kettle-shaped helmets. The Life of Alexander Nevsky manuscript, though printed in the 16th century, depicts them with hornless helm...
Why do phones limit how big an external sd card can be?	[ "If it works with a 64GB microSD, it will probably work any larger cards currently on the market (but is not guaranteed to work with future ones). If it's limited to a 32GB card, it won't work with a 64GB card or higher. The reason is that \"SDHC\" cards (up to 32GB) use a different file system format than \"SDXC\"...	[ "They don't. Take the ubiquitous 'flashlight' app, that needs access to your contact list, your call history, and all your texts. It's all marketing, that app is phoning home all your personal data to a server somewhere." ]
If sound cannot travel through space because there is no air, how do we see light and transmit radio waves in space?	[ "Sound waves are mechanical waves; waves that need a medium on which they can travel. (think the ripple of water in a pond when you drop a pebble.) Light & Radio; however, do not require a medium, they can travel whether there is \"air\" or not." ]	[ "I hate that this question is downvoted so much. C'mon people, why are we punishing people for asking questions? Whatever happened to \"there's no such thing as a dumb question?\" awersF, please keep asking questions about the world around you. Discoveries are made because people question their perceptions establis...
How did Marvel crack the superhero movie code? Who are the personalities driving it and are they comics people or transplanted Disney execs?	[ "I think its in part due to the fact that being a \"nerd\" is pretty hip right now" ]	[ "Data. Pure, gooey, delicious data. Seriously though - the Airlines are collecting data on a massive scale. If they notice an uptick in travel to/from one city they will use that information to update how their resources are distributed." ]
Why does music always sound the best the first time?	[ "That's funny. I almost never like a song the first time I hear it. It takes two or more repetitions before I start to enjoy a new piece of music." ]	[ "I think we develop a \"been there, done that\" mentality in ways. I can not watch cartoons now. No matter what the topic. The irony is I just can't pay attention to cartoons." ]
Why is a fear of heights common, but fear of speed isn't?	[ "That's easy. Before vehicles, the fastest you could go was pretty much limited to how fast your feet could carry you. However, there have always been heights deadly enough kill a person, so we evolved to be scared of those, and not how fast we could run." ]	[ "Because what's considered \"high amounts\" of things in air is actually quite a tiny amount. For example, pollen count is measured in grains of pollen per cubic meter of air, and the websites that I see to track it have \"very high\" pollen levels at around 10. That's 10 grains of pollen per cubic meter. Hardly so...
Why do drones usually have 4 rotors - has this been proven to be the best (most efficient or stable) design, or is it possible that a different number would be better?	[ "An even number of rotors makes it easy to prevent unwanted spinning. Each rotor spinning clockwise has a twin rotor spinning counterclockwise, which allows the drone body to sit still without rotating. Now, in order to tilt forward, backward, left, and right, the drone needs three or more blades. Four is the small...	[ "You open a pizza shop and hire your nephew to take phone orders. For the first few weeks, you only get two or three calls per evening, so you get by with just one phone line and only your nephew assisting you. Then, someone posts a fantastic review of your place on reddit and the business explodes. Now you've got ...
what's up with the ending of "monty python and the holey grail"	[ "If you mean the police showing up, it's the same police who showed up at the corpse of a man one of the main characters killed. If you're talking about the organ music in place of the end credits, no idea." ]	[ "Related question - is the cavalry-filled lane during the Battle of Waterloo as described by Victor Hugo in Les Miserable at all accurate?" ]
I have read all the Harry Potter books and watched all the movies. Something never sat right with me. Severus Snape is a hero? I still don't get it.	[ "He's a tragic hero. He was rejected by Lily, but still cared for her. He tried to protect her by defecting when he discovered that the prophecy pertained to Harry, and by protecting Harry after her death. His whole life is quite sad. He hated his parents (I think he might have been abused by them too) and was con...	[ "The reason that the more extreme candidates (Sanders and Trump, and cruz, to an extent) are getting so much traction is because people are really quite upset with the establishment politicians in this country. So to an extent, the people who want Trump or Sanders are people who want someone who is not within the r...
Is the ocean calm further out?	[ "You can use data from the web to address your question. WaveWatch III is a NOAA model of wave heights. _URL_0_ Using these, you can see where the ocean is calm. The real answer is that the ocean is most often calm off leeward coastlines, like the East Coast of the USA. Out to sea, there are often sizeable wav...	[ "this diagram shows the illusion well, _URL_3_ Basically we all interpret cues associated with perspective. things far away get smaller so if it's big in the distance it must really be big up close. In the picture the moon is the same diameter but it's position in the scene makes the one up front looks tiny. Same...
What is a lingua franca?	[ "Coming from an actual language invented by traders in the 18th century to have a means of communication between arabian and latin-derived languages, the meaning nowadays is for any language that is a \"common tongue\", and very often this common tongue is english. For example, if a french person and a mexican pers...	[ "_URL_0_ tl;dr It's the name of a private estate outside of town of Luga in Leningrad Oblast." ]
The Geneva Conventions	[ "The Geneva Conventions are a set of four treaties outlining international law on the treatment of the victims of war. These laws include protocols to not prevent medical personel from doing their job, to not kill unarmed bistanders, and to not withhold the dead from religous death rites. Breaking these conventions...	[ "Nearly everything in condesed matter physics, especially [superconductivity](_URL_0_)." ]
Why are Russian seamen and marines historically shown wearing blue and white striped t shirts?	[ "It's military fashion. _URL_0_ The way I understand it, there's no practical reason for the style, although the shirts can be knitted to protect one from the cold. It's just a traditional garb that endured because it's unique from other national uniforms." ]	[ "You want to easily be able to identify where the missing texture is, and a purple/black checkerboard is pretty damn noticeable in 99% of cases. And once one person used it, some more started using it, and it kind of just self-standardised" ]
Why do people shrink when they get older, and is it possible to counter this phenomenon through excercise?	[ "I recall learning something about how the intervertebral disc tissue loses moisture as it ages and this has a compressing effect which can actually shorten ppl by an inch or so. Healthy discs = firm and plump Old/diseased disc = dried up, shrunken. Counteracting it? Stay hydrated and take joint and cartilage hea...	[ "One fundamental example is the [asymptotic freedom](_URL_0_) of the strong force. At very short distance scales, the strong force (the force by which quarks and antiquarks and gluons interact) becomes much weaker at very short distance scales. The increasing strength of the strong force at larger distance scale...
What is actually happening to my computer when it freezes or crashes?	[ "Computer with n processors (or processor cores) can do maximally n things in any given time. Computer programs that want to do more things at once than it is possible create something called 'threads'. Those are basically like instruction queues for the processor. It jumps between all existing threads executing on...	[ "ITT: Very elaborately worded variations on \"We don't really know\". Coming from someone with epilepsy who has done a moderate amount of reading and talking to neurologists, take it from me - the ultimate answer is \"We don't really know\". They know what happens, and how to control and/or prevent it in most cas...
Where do internet providers get their internet from and why can't we make our own?	[ "I work for an ISP The Internet is like a series of roads. Let's say you built a road from your house to your friends. You and your friend could go real fast to each other's houses. But what if you wanted to go to some else's house? Or the mall, or school? You would have to connect your road with your towns road. ...	[ "Because is costs them money to bring that signal to you. Why does a gas station charge you 99 cents for a bottle of water when it falls out of the sky for free?" ]
Why does the fire effects in games always seem to look so fake and out of place even though the graphics of a game might be stunning?	[ "Yea, you need too much power to dynamically generate fire. Same deal for volumetric clouds. To make fire that looks good to the human eye you'd need to simulate the flow and temperature of hot gas around the burning object in real time. To make things worse, fire generates its own light and you have to figure out ...	[ "IRL car races, you have to earn your spot in the starting grid through qualifying. Since there are no qualifying in video games, you tend to start at the back. Haven't played a racing game in a while (outside of Mario Kart, but even that was a while ago), but IIRC you do move up in the grid based on your performan...
Why is macaroni and cheese such a big thing in America?	[ "It's a relatively cheap and easy to prepare food (total cost easily under $1/serving). For college students, that's pretty ideal." ]	[ "This is a pretty common question here; here's some links from the FAQ: _URL_2_ _URL_4_ and a few others that have been posted over the years: _URL_3_ _URL_1_ _URL_0_ Most posts agree that it is largely a post-war pop phenomenon with fairly little evidence to support it." ]
(Astronomy) If a black hole occurs when an object is compacted so small onto its schwarzchild radius, is the matter still in the center and existing, or does the matter just sort of vanish?	[ "We do not know much about what goes on inside a black hole. The matter will not simply disappear but will remain in the singularity in some form. Until we are able to develop a quantum theory of gravity we will not be able to theorise what happens beyond the event horizon" ]	[ "So, you don't actually observe the astronaut crossing the event horizon. What happens, from your frame of reference, is that the astronaut gets more and more time dilated, and moves slower and slower as they approach the event horizon. This means that the light gets dimmer and dimmer, because the time between each...
What did the Ancient Persians call the Roman Empire?	[ "They called it Rome (or Hrōm in Middle Persian). They used the same name anacronistically for the Greeks, e.g. referring to Alexander as the Caesar of Rome “Aleksandar Kēsar az Hrōm”." ]	[ "I'm not familiar with that claim. Where did you hear it? I know Herodotus claims Phoenicians sailed from the Red Sea to the Levant coast. Is that what you're talking about?" ]
How do spacewalking astronauts get rid of body heat and CO2 they generate?	[ "The space suit has a life support system that supplies the astronauts with oxygen and filters out the CO2 using lithium hydroxide. As for keeping cool, they wear something called a [liquid cooled garment] (_URL_0_). It's basically long underwear with small tubes woven into it. Cold water is circulated through the ...	[ "I think you are confusing \"able to make\" with \"able to make cheaply and safely enough that it can be sold commercially for a profit and pass all the safety regulations required for use with regular people\". Scientists will always have access to new technology years (perhaps decades) before regular people becau...
When my building does monthly extermination sprays in the apts, I'm told that the spray prevents bugs and pests even after I clean the floor with a mop. How is this this possible? Doesn't mopping the floor remove the pesticide?	[ "There's probably some trace of the pesticide left behind, especially if it's used on a porous surface like concrete." ]	[ "You're not cleaning off the pesticide. You're cleaning off dirt and other toxins that may have stuck to the wax they put on the fruit to make it shiny. Pesticides stick to the fruit, but they are also absorbed by the plant and end up within the flesh of the fruit." ]
I have a question about Schrödinger's cat.	[ "Keep in mind that \"Schrödinger's cat\" is not a serious interpretation of quantum mechanics, it is an attempt to concoct a thought experiment to discredit (or at least expose the limits of) several of the leading interpretations of quantum mechanics at the time." ]	[ "You seem to be describing a variant of the [ladder paradox](_URL_0_), just using a train and tunnel instead of a ladder and a garage, he he. > What does the outside observer see? The outside observer sees the front guillotine make a cut, then later after the train has passed further through the tunnel, the back g...
How would black people from other countries have been treated in pre-60s America and Apartheid South Africa?	[ "xHi, you may be interested in these threads * [What happened when black diplomats went to Rhodesia, South Africa, or Jim Crow United States?](_URL_0_) - featuring /u/the_alaskan * [When segregation was legal in the US, how were prominent black people from Africa (or other non-North American countries) treated on ...	[ "A woman named Frances Wright did something like what you are asking in 1824. In Memphis, TN she bought two thousand acres of land from Andrew Jackson and would buy slaves. On this land she set up a co-operative labor system where they could basically work off their price of purchase and then they would be set free...
What would the short term consequences be (up to a few years) if the United States ended all corn subsidies?	[ "Corn and corn syrup based produces (which are a lot of different products) would get a bit more expensive. And maybe some percentage of the corn crop was changed to grow something else that was more profitable." ]	[ "Depends on what level the study is at. Look at people who regularly eat lots of red meat and bacon, and compare it to people who don't If there is a difference in cancer rates between the two groups, something is causing a higher rate of cancer. Maybe work place exposure, food, lifestyle etc. Then take genetically...
Why does Homer refer to the sea as "wine-dark" in the Odyssey?	[ "Though more can be said here, [this post](_URL_0_) covers a misconception that the Ancient Greeks had no color for blue simply because Homer called the sea wine-dark." ]	[ "Your question is like: > Why do people keep telling me to take a pill my doctor prescribes when in ye olden days people didn't have access to the same pills? Clean water is way easier to get now than it was then. Since you have access to clean water you should use it. In the same way, getting a doctor to prescri...
What is the logic behind Corporate Personhood?	[ "Corporate personhood long predates the 14th Amendment, but derives from British law. To understand why corporate personhood exists, consider a situation where you are wronged by a corporation and want to sue them. Without corporate personhood, this is impossible - there is no 'person' to sue. In terms of the 14th ...	[ "> how it really amounts to a bunch of bologna I don't have an answer, but I do need to point out that bologna = lunch meat. Baloney = nonsense." ]
Why is IE so hated? Is it really that bad compared to chrome/Firefox? If so, why hasn't Microsoft improved in all these years?	[ "From the point of view of someone who helps build and test websites for a living: We spend 50% of our time building the general functionality and bug fixes, 25% of the time building out IE-specific functionality workarounds, and 25% of the time fixing IE-specific bugs." ]	[ "Say you have a hammer and nail. If the hammer head is bigger than the nail, then the force of the hammer is distributed evenly against the head of the nail. The nail will go straight into the wood. Now say you have a hammer and a nail, but the nail head is bigger than the hammer. When you hit the hammer against t...
If our tears are salty, why does salt water sting our eyes?	[ "Great question! Let's consider any differences in those two types of saltwater. Now aside from microorganisms and other nutrients and minerals present in seawater the main difference is that the oceans are saltier than our tears. That is not to say our tears are not salty- medical fluids such as IV drips or contac...	[ "The sour taste of foods is created by acid. The spicy taste of spicy foods is created by capsaicin. Capsaicin is not an acid." ]
Why does acne have "hotspots"? Face and back acne is common, but a zit on your forearm is rare?	[ "There are a few reasons for that. Some acne is caused by microbes and the areas that come in contact with those microbes are where the acne happens. Things like contact with pillow cases or bed sheets can lead to acne in people acceptable. Some acne is caused by oxidized oils produced by your skin, acne propagates...	[ "It's all about publicity. Vesuvius is a Titanic of volcanic eruptions. All eruptions you mentioned occurred in time and place that didn't draw attention to them. Vesuvius erupted in the popular seaside resort in the middle of one of the greatest civilisations- and nothing can draw as much attention like tragedy m...
What's the current state of gender selection technology?	[ "... why would you want to control this?" ]	[ "This is my field of research. My group in graduate school loaded ultra-short SWNTs (US-tubes) with [Gadolinium ions for MRI contrast enhancement](_URL_0_), with [AtCl for alpha therapy of cancer](_URL_3_), with [molecular iodine for CT enhancement](_URL_2_), and with [cisplatin for anti-cancer drug...
How good of a leader was Leon Trotsky during the Civil War?	[ "How effective at leading the Red Army? They won. Trotsky was also a great orator. Over 40 years ago I was talking with a survivor of the Revolution. \"Trotsky,\" he said with a heavy accent, \"Trotsky could make a Cossack cry.\"" ]	[ "As an add-on: Would they have been eaten in extreme cases (Leningrad) or even [pressed into service](_URL_0_)?" ]
Why is it that someone asks me a question, I immediately say "what?" And they start repeat it but I then comprehend the original question in the midst of them asking again?	[ "Basically: Your Brain does have a bit of a delay. Hearing something - meaning the actual sound of it- does not mean your brain understands it at this moment. The sound first goes into a phonological loop, which means it gets repeated (sometimes by your own voice as well) so you have it available for longer than on...	[ "If you ask for 1 pen, it costs you two dollars. If you ask for 100 000 pens, they will only cost you one dollar each. I prefer selling you 100 000 pens at half price, than selling you 1 at full price and have 99 999 sitting around doing nothing. In a similar way, if you ask for a small amount of money, you pay a b...
Are there ethnic groups in the US like we often read about in developing countries?	[ "In the US it's less about location and more about ethnicity in general. Racially motivated violence is still a thing. You know, with the multiple black churches that have been the victims of arson in the past month, that sort of thing." ]	[ "It is a phenomenon called the creeping euphamism: 1. term is used to describe some segment of the population (crippled, retarded, midget) 2. term starts to be used to derisively in a broader sense 3. the segment of the population objects, and invents new term to describe themselves (handicapped, developmentally di...
How many dimensions are there in the universe?	[ "That's a pretty safe number of dimensions. As far as what's been observed, we have three spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension. Certain unified theories (M-theory and string theory) predict 11 and 10 dimensions in order to unify what we know about general relativity and quantum mechanics. Nothing of the s...	[ "We have zero understanding of how to answer that question. Science literally hasn’t come up with words to talk about it." ]
What did Jewish prisoners manufactured during ww2? or how they were economically exploited?	[ "In Livia Bitton-Jackson's memoir I Have Lived a Thousand Years, she described that she was sent to Camp Plaszow, the most notorious forced labor camp in Poland. Their work consisted of planierung - leveling off a hilltop in preparation for construction. A while later she was sent to a factory in Augsburg. In Aug...	[ "While not a scientific answer to your question at all, I want to suggest the excellent movie [Before the Fall](_URL_5_) (German Titel: Napola – Elite für den Führer) to anyone interested in this topic, which is a story about pupils in an elite high school in the German Reich." ]
Why does sleeping with a phone give you headaches/poor sleep?	[ "I'm pretty sure there's no known physical explanation for that. Maybe when you put your phone next to your head, it's because you're anxious about getting an important call/text, or hearing your alarm in the morning, or checking something as soon as you wake up? In which case, could it be the anxiety causing your ...	[ "I read an article a somewhere that said it was do the the \"roughness\" or randomness of the noise. As the fingers nails catch and slip it produces random variances in the amplitude and frequency of the noise. Our brains find the signal unpredictable and that somehow causes it the view it as a danger. There are a...
In guitar amplifiers, why are the "Presence" and "Resonance" controls on the power amp and the rest of the EQ controls (Bass, Mid, Treble) on the preamp?	[ "The tone controls aren't really \"on\" the preamp. The tonestack is a separate stage, in between the preamp and the phase splitter (input to the push/pull power amp). The \"presence\" control is (usually) negative feedback from the transformer to the phase splitter, with an RC filter in the feedback path. It wa...	[ "When you lift up the axe, you want your hand near the metal head, in order to lift it easier. When you swing, the force of your muscles is [amplified](_URL_1_) by the length of the axe handle, and you want to maximize that by holding the axe from the end of the handle. It's the opposite of a lever effect; the long...
How does credit card fraud work?	[ "No. You don't transfer money into a bank account. ---- But often, people will try various things. Some of the most common are: 1. Buy things online 2. Buy gift cards / prepaid credit cards 3. Use it to mass purchase codes online (things like serial codes for digital content, video games, etc) The whole point is y...	[ "Kind of like data mining. Some companies will alert you if you buy something off a new website, or if the website is frequented by hackers. Let’s say you buy a bike online for $130. $130 isn’t that much money. However, people usually don’t order bikes off the internet. That’ll raise a red flag. And of course if th...
Why aren't we using mirrors and sunlight to make energy?	[ "It's already done. The first ones were built decades ago. They actually focus the light onto a tower that has a molten salt running through it, which carries and stores heat more effectively than water. It's then used to heat water, to make steam, to run a turbine. Because the salt stores heat so well, electricity...	[ "We can and do, but it is far too complicated and expensive a process to be practical. _URL_0_" ]
Why can't regular people have amazing memories like "Rain Man" without an abnormal brain?	[ "Our bodies are a product of natural selection. Organisms well suited to their environment tend to survive longer and reproduce more. For us to have abilities like very good memory there needs to be some sort of advantage. Imagine having very good memory 10,000 years ago - neat to have, but does it really help you ...	[ "Imagine you're trying to find a coffee shop in a city. If you've been there recently, it should be pretty easy to find. If it's been 10 years since you've been to the coffee shop or the city, it might take you a LONG time to find. It also might take long to find if you've been to other, similar coffee shops in the...
Expansion of the subreddit rules on AMA's	[ "> Only AMA guests are allowed to answer questions in an AMA on r/AskScience. I totally understand why this rule exists. It would really suck to be an AMA guest if all the questions got answered before you got to them. However, what about after the AMA guest has finished? Could others weigh in on the questions tha...	[ "It's to differentiate between ELI5 posts and say, askscience posts on your front page. It also helps the answerer figure out how to word their post, as they will word it differently for an ELI12 or ELI18." ]
What causes double yolker eggs? Is it just like twins in mammals? Has there ever been triple yolkers (or more)?	[ "> What causes double yolker eggs? Is it just like twins in mammals? Exactly. > Has there ever been triple yolkers (or more)? The world record is 9 yolks in a single chicken egg" ]	[ "Many have exactly seven trans-membrane domains (membrane crossing parts). So, by their very nature, they end up with certain parts outside and certain parts inside based on how they are loaded N-first into Golgi body membranes that are transported to the surface as vesicles. These proteins have a 'signal sequence'...
How do Bionic limbs function?	[ "The go to way is to take a bunch of sensor units, attach them to whatever muscles are left in the stump, and convert their muscle movements into electric signals. These signals are then used for rather rudimentary commands. Hand prostheses for example are either \"pull to open\" or \"pull to close\". If you don't...	[ "mechanical, absolutely. the nanobot stuff is a bit far fetched though. you can start here if you want: _URL_1_ also this: _URL_2_ also this: _URL_3_ and this guy's work _URL_0_" ]
Why do (did?) a lot of cultures have man superiority instead of woman superiority?	[ "Men are physically larger and stronger. That goes a long way in the animal world." ]	[ "There two factors, environmental and genetic. First Genetic: Taller people tend to live shorter lives, _URL_5_ _URL_2_ _URL_1_ People who consume more calories live shorter lives _URL_4_ _URL_3_ _URL_0_ So men are on average taller, eat more, \"burn more\". So this is just pure physics a bigger body ages faster a...
How do we know the half life of Uranium 238 is 4.5 billion years if we haven't been around long enough to test it?	[ "Basically the same way a paramedic/nurse can work out your pulse in beats per minute without counting your heartbeat for a whole minute. Half life is an example of exponential decay, and so it follows a very regular, predictable mathematical pattern. If we have data about how it has decayed over time now, then we...	[ "That's the time UNIX time rolls over signed 32bit integer storage capability. 32 bits just tells you how many binary digits you're using to write down a binary number. 32 digits. It's not unlike to having 2 decimal places to write down a number. After 01 comes 02. After 11 comes 12. But after 99 comes..? With comp...
Why does putting a slice of bread in a bag with hard cookies make them soft again?	[ "The sugar in the cookies is hygroscopic, which means that it will draw moisture from the air into the sugar's structure and hold on to it. Bread however is not hygroscopic and the moisture inside of it evaporates into the air. The moisture that evaporates from the slice of bread is then drawn into the cookies." ]	[ "Not exactly the same airflow, at least with the shelter on top. All that water vapour high in the air would first form and freeze on the shelter, versus being on your vehicle. It's like rain, really - why does your car not get wet under the shelter, except that in this case, it's really air. But air also moves, an...
Why does a scientific calculator show "0" as a result if I add 1 to a really high number and then substract said high number although it should show "1"?	[ "Your calculator doesn't store all of the digits for 2^50, so the 1 at the very end gets removed from the memory. How many digits a calculator actually holds depends from calculator to calculator." ]	[ "Suppose there are tax brackets of $100, $200, with rates of 10, 20 percent. The first $100 of your income is taxed at 10%. If you make a dollar, the tax is 10 cents; if you make the full $100, the tax is $10. Now, what happens when you bump your income up to $101. If we did it your way, the tax would be 101 * 20%,...
Why do we never see / hear reports of PTSD or symptoms similar to PTSD in any of the countless wars through the last 5000 years before World War I?	[ "_URL_0_ They did suffer from the disease. It wasn't recognized as a health issue until relatively recently." ]	[ "What /u/CptBuck said. Also, cartoons don't really appear in newspapers until the 19th century, first in the form of lithographs; Punch in Britain and La Caricature and Le Charivari in France in the 1830s. Before that they exist as stand alone sheets. What we would recognize as political cartoons, employing c...
If the person before me gets regular gas, and I need premium, how does the pump clear the gas that was in the hose?	[ "It doesn't. It isn't going to make a difference to your car for that small amount to end up in the tank" ]	[ "It’s based on the price of oil. The price of oil is based on a lot of things, but simply put, supply and demand. As the global population grows, so does demand. As technology advances, so does supply. Depending on which of these is progressing faster you’ll see the price of oil and therefore gas change. Furtherm...
When I'm walking on the beach on wet sand, why does the sand around my foot seem to "dry up"?	[ "Compression. Its like wringing out a sponge. Your weight pushes down on the sand, squeezing out the water from between the grains, and flows away to less compressed sand." ]	[ "Think of it like a hose... and a room made of sponge. The light bulb is a hose, spraying water (light) everywhere. The room is a sponge, absorbing the water (light) all the time. The moment you turn the light off, it's like closing the faucet to which the hose is attached. It stops spraying water (light) everywhe...
Are we as humans defying natural selection?	[ "> Survival of the fittest/natural selection has gone out the window in a society where those who are weak/not advantageous continue to survive and reproduce despite their disadvantage. All this means is that the definition of \"fittest\" has changed, not that natural selection has ceased operating." ]	[ "I think the body would evolve to discourage that. The only way to scratch that kind of itch is going to harm you. Consider the reason for an itch evolved in the first place... it's to get you to brush off bugs and other critters. And for this it's better to have false positives. But bugs don't tend to get inside ...
Why does medication dosing information often cite a drugs half-life as an indication of the duration of therapeutic effect?	[ "Half-life is not the same as duration of action. Half-life is the amount of time it makes for 50% of the med to get out of you body. You example with caffeine shows a common misconception: each half-life reduces the amount remaining by 50%. So 1 half-life multiplies by 1/2 = > 50%. 2 half-lives multiplies by 1/...	[ "> Why would it even matter if you're planning to live in a house for 20 years? It matters mainly if you want to refinance your mortgage. Refinancing is when you replace your loan with a crappy interest rate with a new one with a better interest rate. Technically, the way it works is you get a new loan with a good ...
Could radio waves or other energy turn in to light, if it were sped up?	[ "What you are thinking is change wavelength. All light travels at the same speed." ]	[ "Have someone stand a couple of hundred meters away and then make the clap really loudly. Maybe with some stick or something. You're seeing the clap as it happens, but hear the sound a few seconds later. You're basically hearing \"sound from the past\", because the clap already happened when you hear it. With light...
Saturn's rings. Will they be going away soon? Will they become a moon or moons? If so what's the time frame for that happening?	[ "You got it backwards. Moons can become rings if they are inside the [roche limit](_URL_0_). Rings don't turn into moons." ]	[ "A long time ago in places like Greece, Rome and even before that in really, really long ago places like Sumeria, and Egypt people made up stories about the stars/planets and the pictures they thought groups of stars made. These stories were usually about beings they considered to be gods or demigods (the word demi...
Why is calcium-48 the most common element for making super heavy elements?	[ "It is unusually neutron-rich: 20 protons but 28 neutrons. In general nuclei need a larger neutron to proton ratio the heavier they are. That leads to a problem: You want to collide two lighter nuclei to make a heavier one. To make it worse, the collision typically leads to a few neutrons flying away, reducing the ...	[ "This is my field of research. My group in graduate school loaded ultra-short SWNTs (US-tubes) with [Gadolinium ions for MRI contrast enhancement](_URL_0_), with [AtCl for alpha therapy of cancer](_URL_3_), with [molecular iodine for CT enhancement](_URL_2_), and with [cisplatin for anti-cancer drug...
Why is Thomas Young's double slit experiment important or worth investigating?	[ "It shows that light is both a wave and a particle, and that the wave is best described as a probability wave function. In the experiment you send photon particles one at a time through the double slit and it hits a screen, making a discrete dot since it is particle-like. But since photon is also a wave, its wavefu...	[ "You seem to be describing a variant of the [ladder paradox](_URL_0_), just using a train and tunnel instead of a ladder and a garage, he he. > What does the outside observer see? The outside observer sees the front guillotine make a cut, then later after the train has passed further through the tunnel, the back g...
What exactly are they doing when a city's water department is just letting a fire hydrant run for no apparent reason?	[ "Usually it is flushing the water line. All water carries a bit of sediment through the water mains. At the ends of the lines, the water flows slower or not at all, depending on the configuration, and the sediment accumulates. To get rid of the sediment, they open the last hydrant on the line and let it run." ]	[ "Caterpillar trained mechanic here. Modern era excavators do have hydraulically powered tracks, along with all the other moving parts. The engine is only there to provide power to the hydraulic pumps. There is a component called a rotary manifold that allows the hydraulic fluid to flow through multiple separate gal...
Surface tension question: If I belly-flopped into a swimming pool full of mercury, would it hurt?	[ "Are there any liquids that would be safe falling into at terminal velocity?" ]	[ "A penny would sink. [The density of water at the bottom of the Mariana Trench is only ~5% greater than at the top.](_URL_1_) Liquid water (and liquids in general) are [not very compressible](_URL_0_), especially when compared to gases." ]
How does Einstein's equation explain the big bang?	[ "It does not. Einstein made some extremely important contributions to physics, but predicting the Big Bang was not among them." ]	[ "You are always moving at the speed of light in 4 dimensional spacetime. Your speed in the 3 space directions plus your speed in the time direction always add up to c. Normally all of that speed is in the time direction, but if you move really really fast you take some speed from the time direction to go in one of ...
How did the Russian Empire manage it's non-Russian territories, such as present-day Ukraine or Belarus?	[ "As a follow-up: were dialects of Russian outside of Moscow and St. Petersburg any less different from standard Russian than Belorussian is today?" ]	[ "If your next door neighbor is trampling flowers in your backyard, and your much larger, much bigger neighbor from across the street decides to try and stop him, it's in your interest to just let him do that, whether with implicit or explicit approval. ... especially when you can't get to that corner of the backyar...
What is the difference between Chrome & Chromium, and who owns Chromium?	[ "Chrome is a browser created by Google. Chromium is an open source browser based on Chrome. Chrome OS is an operating system made by Google, where the Chrome browser is the primary user interface. It is designed for lightweight devices that are primarily used to access the internet. Chromium OS is an open source ve...	[ "Think of it as asking \"How can a push-mower and a riding mower have different speeds? They're both mowing the same amount of lawn.\" They're not saying the data is faster or slower. They're saying the browser processes the data faster. That is, it can render the web page you're viewing faster and possibly wit...
What is the integral of displacement?	[ "I've heard it called abasement. I can't say I've ever used it or seen it used anywhere in applications, but some googling found [a rather contrived example](_URL_0_) where you need to compute a roaming bill which is dependent on both time spent logged in and the distance to the hub you're logged into." ]	[ "You can measure continental drift using VLBI, it's radio astronomy. You look at compact distant radio sources simultaneously with antennas on different continents. You can measure the distance between the antennas to a fraction of a wavelength using interfereometry. Over time, they noted a drift of the positions o...
Theory Thursday \| Academic/Professional History Free-for-All	[ "Seriously, what century is not considered \"long\"? Do we have any periods of historical development that are couched entirely within the bonds of a century (but bigger than decade, I suppose) and thus get to be a \"short\" century? Long eleventh, long twelfth, long thirteenth, I even took a class called Engli...	[ "Just to clarify what namer98 told us mods when asking if it was okay to post this: All questions need to be submitted to Professor Sarna by email before the AMA. It is not \"live\" like the AMAs we host here in AskHistorians. So, please go to that r/Judaism thread to post your questions before the time of ...
Why do refrigerator magnets suck?	[ "They use strips of magnet that are oriented in different ways to create a [Halbach Array](_URL_0_) which creates a strong side of the magnet and a much weaker side allowing them to create a fairly strong magnet with relatively weak and cheap magnetic material. By flipping the direction of the magnet the magnetic f...	[ "There are many more ways in which things can be tangled than there are arrangements where they're not tangled. It's simply a matter of statistics. Even picking up one disturbs the rest. If I were you I'd get some hooks and hang them up." ]
Why can I see the moon during the day some days and not others.	[ "The moon goes around the earth about once a month, so its angle from the sun gradually changes from week to week. When it is full, it is opposite the sun, and not above the horizon during the day. And when it is very close to the sun, it is a thin crescent that is difficult to see. It is easiest to see when it is...	[ "From a distance you're only viewing the largest features of the smoke cloud. Up close, you're viewing much smaller, faster moving features of that cloud. Due to the fractal nature of such an object these features are different sized but similar looking. Next time approach the cloud but be mindful to focus only on ...
How are underground cables routed? (After covering up)	[ "Many (if not most) cables are simply buried. If you need to service or replace it, you dig it up. Need to lay new ones? Trench it up. There's also machines and equipment to drill and push cables horizontally under obstacles where trenching isn't feasible. For cables within service tunnels, there's a wide array of...	[ "A village well's. There is enough water deep undeground, just not at the surface. And most beduins today have satelite dishes and internet, So i think they are managing just fine :D" ]
is it true that soviet soldiers yelled ura when beggining a charge?	[ "Yes, it was a common occurance during ww2. Russian soldiers have used \"Urrah\" (or \"Ura\") with a very long last a as a battle cry for a charge for a long time, at least since the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877. Compare to the US Marines and their \"Oorah!\" war cry. It is still done at the victory parade in Moscow e...	[ "A half answer, and half question, but what part of the first section of the film do you not think is present anymore? The arc follows a training company through Marine Basic Training at Paris Island South Carolina. And for the time it depicts relatively normal portions of training. And still does today, close orde...
How did the suit we commonly see today become the defacto men's dress wear?	[ "hi! fyi, there's a large collection of previous posts in the FAQ (link on sidebar) * [Suits & ties](_URL_0_) (the link provided by /u/Astral-kun is included)" ]	[ "Hi there -- while we've approved this question, we would like to remind potential respondents of our [current events](_URL_0_) (AKA \"20-year\") rule -- it's fine to discuss events through 1997 (inclusive) and their effects, but not events after 1997. Thanks!" ]
Is it possible that Earth has had moons in the past and they were destroyed?	[ "Not only is it possible, but there is actually evidence suggesting the Earth did in fact used to have two moons: _URL_0_" ]	[ "The tours of [Avebury henge](_URL_0_) point out that several buildings in the encroaching village of Avebury were constructed from stone quarried from the standing stones. They also tell a number of stories about medieval churchmen toppling the stones in an effort to desecrate the \"pagan monument\". The henge as ...
Experts of the Cold War: Were "Doomsday preppers" that obsessed over food and bomb shelters something that was new to the world?	[ "This is just a meta comment, but you really don't want experts of the Cold War here. You want experts on periods _prior_ to the Cold War. It is worth noting that pretty much all of the millenarians of the past — the people who believed the world was close to ending — believed it was going to be because of divine ...	[ "This question is getting a lot of traffic after being [tweeted by @reddit](_URL_5_), so I thought I'd welcome those of you that haven't visited /r/AskHistorians before to the subreddit. Please do bear in mind that in order to keep the quality of answers here high we have [strict rules on comments](/r/AskHistorians...

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