Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Why is it that in the music industry, female pop stars tend to make so much more money than their male counterparts?	[ "- Paul McCartney (800m) - Michael Jackson (600m) - Bono (600m) You're comparing apples and oranges. Madonna, Celine Dion and Mariah Carey are decades-long international superstars. Jay Z, Justin Timberlake and Justin Bieber made music for less than a decade to largely American acclaim." ]	[ "Are we discussing identical twins or fraternal twins? Animals that produce multiple eggs in a batch have brothers and sisters that would be called 'twins' by the fraternal definition. So, in animals that produce more than one offspring like rats, mice, dogs, cats, lions, and others would technically have 'twins', ...
How do sperm cells know to swim to the egg?	[ "It's called \"chemotaxis\"; sperm can detect the presence of chemicals produced by the ovaries, and travel in whichever direction shows an increasing concentration of these chemicals. It's sort of how you locate the source of a smell; move around in circles until you find a direction in which the smell is stronger...	[ "It follows the same principle as my dog working his way between me and my wife sleeping in bed." ]
Why does water appear blue in large quantities?	[ "Water [absorbs colors in the red end of the visible light spectrum](_URL_0_). As a result, the reflected light is blue." ]	[ "Ooh tricky! I think I would first try radar attenuation. Since radar waves will attenuate in water following a Beer-Lambert-type absorption law, maybe you could fire radar waves at a cloud, measure the attenuation deviation from the transmitted beam with reference to a beam that traveled the same distance but NOT ...
Why are power points (sockets, outlets) different around the world?	[ "> Why are there many different sockest Because different engineers thouht that different things would be important for a socket, e.g. ability to transfer a lot of current vs. small size and simple (=cheap) construction. > Was this a big lapse in planning when electricity came about? People did not have much elect...	[ "Netflix has to pay for licenses for each show/movie, for each country it might be viewed in. Some shows might not be acceptable in a certain country, or the holder of the rights wants more for the license than Netflix will pay. I’m sure there are other reasons as well." ]
Why does Zalgo text seem to display everywhere regardless of localization?	[ "Zalgo text takes advantage of tricks built into unicode. Unicode is a standard for how text in all the world's major languages should be handled. It includes support not just for the latin alphabet but quite a few writing systems, including ones where text goes in other directions than left-to-right. On modern co...	[ "There's been an EU directive requiring those warnings since 2011. It may be that you've been visiting a lot more European sites lately. You're right, almost every website (especially every website with some sort of log in system) uses cookies." ]
What makes us find things really funny when we're drunk and laugh so much	[ "Dopamine and GABA. Dopamine is your \"feel good\" neurotransmitter, and GABA is (in this case) you're \"good idea\" neurotrasnmitter. GABA normally is excreted and makes you go \"ok, this is a horrible idea, I totally should not try to jump from the roof of this house to the next\" but when you drink alcohol it's ...	[ "One theory is that this is instinctual behavior from human evolution. Being unconscious and landing face down in water is very dangerous due to the risk of drowning so the theory is humans evolved an adrenalin response to having water on their faces." ]
What are telomeres and what is their role in the aging process?	[ "Telomeres are the end portions of our chromosomes which hold all of your genes. However they do not contain any information themselves. Each time a cell reproduces, the chromosomes get copied and split and the telomeres shorten and once a chromosome reproduces so many times and the telomeres shorten the cell dies....	[ "Thank you for your submission! Unfortunately, your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): You can find the basic answer with a google / wiki search. Please start there and come back with a more specific question. If you disagree with this decision, please send a [message to the moderators.](_URL...
How do politicians make an income?	[ "Well, they are paid by the State. Obama makes $400,000 a year. Lower level politicians can easily make 6 figures based off their position. The Governor of California makes $180,000. They are also probably independently wealthy prior to office. Many own their own business or have investments. Many write and publish...	[ "I'm not normally one to naysay a request for knowledge, but this is not exactly a topic that can be explained like you were five. It requires a fairly extensive level of prior knowledge and understanding just to pose that question, and any answer posted is likely to be incomplete, wrong, or misleading. Sorry, but ...
The arguments for 9/11 being an 'inside job'	[ "I don't think this is a very good topic for ELI5, but here's my quick attempt: A lot of things happened on 9/11 that have never happened in the history of America. Because of this, many people don't understand some of the more specific moments of that day. Everyone knows what the big picture is, but the argument i...	[ "Penn & Teller: Bullshit! did a show on this, its very worth a watch, they break it down quite well and understandable. [Link to the full episode](_URL_0_) on youtube. Warning, NSFW language and boobies in like the first 2 seconds, because its Penn & Teller and thats what they do" ]
How does an aircraft HUD find and display accurate horizon info?	[ "The HUD is just a computer display device combining the information from several instruments, which will also be shown on the instrument panel. The panel itself might be more computer (\"glass\") displays or could have traditional, physical instruments (\"steam gauges\"). The actual horizon instruments you're aski...	[ "The atmosphere is constantly moving. Currents of air, which are always changing, bring different temperature and humidity air to your location. Sometimes the change is larger than others." ]
Why do opening credits have some actors listed with the character that they're playing? (i.e. "and Kiefer Sutherland as Lt. Kendrick", etc.)	[ "Usually, they are towards the end of the title credits. This is called \"last billing\", which is usually when you have an actor in a supporting role who is much more famous than any of the other actors, such as Sir Anthony Hopkins as Odin in Thor. This is negotiated between the actor's manager and the producers o...	[ "I'll use blackjack as an example. When you play a game like blackjack, the numeral cards (2 to 10) have their face value, Queens and Kings are valued at 10, and an Ace is valued at 1 or 11. The goal, of course, is to beat the dealer's hand without exceeding a total hand value of 21. When a deck is 'hot', it simply...
If I could somehow stand, unhindered, on the surface of a black hole, and look into the night sky: how would everything appear?	[ "So, do you mean on the edge of the event horizon? (some one will be able to sort of answer you on that.) Or do you mean inside the event horizon, on the possible surface of what is believed to be a singularity? cause we don't know that one at all, it gets weird in there." ]	[ "> I see pictures like this: _URL_0_ and long to see this sight for myself. I think those types of pictures are taken using decent cameras with high ISO settings and a long exposure time (maybe 25 seconds or more). They don't reflect what you'd see with the naked eye, unfortunately. Here's one photographer's rendit...
Were birds really used to send messages from kingdom to kingdom?	[ "[Carrier pigeons](_URL_0_) have been used since ancient times. You can get started on this topic in the FAQ * [Communications](_URL_1_) - see under Carrier Pigeons" ]	[ "How some species are related. A lot of what we know about how species are related and how close/far they are is based on genetic research, which would not be done if left only to the fossil record. The intelligence of some species might also be over looked. For example, we would have no idea that chimpanzees coul...
How can D-glucose and L-glucose exist in open chain?	[ "I think you're confused by the fisher projection. All horizontal bonds project toward the viewer (by definition). If you want to visualize what happens when you rotate bonds, I would suggest that you use solid wedged bonds and dashed wedged bonds." ]	[ "The best paper on this subject is [this one](_URL_0_) by Carlip that shows how the speed of light emerges in general relativity." ]
Can humans digest bone?	[ "Bone has a major component called [hydroxylapatite](_URL_1_) which is very stable and resistant to digestion (that's what makes them strong!). Bones in your body require very specialized cells called [osteoclasts](_URL_0_) to break them down. Even so, they do this rather slowly. It would be unwieldy and not of any...	[ "Yep - Australian cricketer Phillip Hughes died last November when a ball hit his neck and caused a vertebral artery dissection. The artery was compressed from the impact, causing it to split and leading to a massive bleed into the brain." ]
What did Rome look like in the Renaissance?	[ "To add to this question (if that's allowed), was it anything like the Rome of Assassins Creed: Brotherhood? Did poorer people live in the ruins of the Colosseum? Was there any French occupation near the city?" ]	[ "Before RICO laws it was hard to take down an entire organization because the mob boss could never be connected to any specific crime. The Mob boss would talk to his under-boss about an illicit act. The under-boss would pass the info along to a caporegime (a sort of lieutenant) who would then instruct one of his ga...
When the sun expands, what will happen to the gaseous planets?	[ "There's a nice summary of what will happen in the late stages of the solar system [here](_URL_0_). The various planets will move further out as the Sun sheds mass. The gas giants will be far enough out not to be engulfed by the Sun. However, due to the expansion of the Sun, the region of Jupiter and Saturn and pos...	[ "First, an aside on black holes: Whether the progenitor becomes a black hole or not is irrelevant - the gravitational fields of a star and a black hole of the same mass are the same outside the surface of the star. In other words, at large distances, it's just as easy to orbit a black hole as it is to orbit a star...
Why does it feel cooler under the shade of a tree than under other forms of shade?	[ "Trees and other plants cool down the space around them because water evaporates from their leaves. In order to evaporate, water molecules require energy. To get this energy, they \"take away\" heat from their environment, which creates a cooling effect!" ]	[ "[Good answer](_URL_0_) > The sun's angular diameter is about half a degree, so as the plane gets higher the penumbra (the bit where only part of the sun is obscured expands from the size of the plane at an angle of about half a degree while the umbra the part where the whole of the sun is obscured contracts at an...
Many years ago I saw a small bird come down to the ground, dig a hole, and die there a few seconds later. Can someone explain this behavior?	[ "You know how sometimes, when you feel really really ill, you just want to find a cosy little spot to curl up in and rest until the worst of it passes? It's the same thing for most animals." ]	[ "First, a woodpecker’s skull is built to absorb shock and minimize damage. The bone that surrounds the brain is thick and spongy, and loaded with trabeculae, microscopic beam-like bits of bone that form a tightly woven “mesh” for support and protection. This spongy bone is unevenly distributed in woodpeckers, and i...
What is ADD and ADHD and what is the difference between the two?	[ "ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. There are now two types of diagnoses: type 1 (inattention without hyperactivity) and type 2 (hyperactivity/impulsivity). Some doctors also consider a combination of the two to be a third type. When someone refers to ADD they are using the old term for type ...	[ "I would check out It's Okay to Be Smart on youtube. They do a good episode on this (im bad at links)" ]
When did the modern pronunciation of letters in the English language begin and is there a reason that many of them sound the same? (B, C, D, E...)	[ "I hope someone here can help you, but you could always try /r/linguistics also, they may be able to assist." ]	[ "Imagine you wanted to send a digital file to a friend of yours, but all you have is a telephone and the binary data contents of the file. You tell your friend \"when I say beep you write down 1, when I say boop, you write down 0\", and then you read the contents of the file to him over the phone \"beep beep boop ...
I can smell scents breathing in, why can't I smell the same scents breathing out?	[ "Your olfactory system is certainly active when you're breathing out - in fact retronasal olfaction (perception of the smell of food within the mouth) provides most of our sense of taste, and occurs mainly [during exhalation](_URL_0_). I can't explain what you observe as not smelling anything while breathing out - ...	[ "It's all of that. Our vocal timbre, or the way our sounds, is comprised of two major factors. First, your vocal chords. Everyone's vocal chords are different, but basically, the longer and thicker your vocal chords are, the deeper your voice is. Second, your skull. The shape of your skull and the placement and sha...
why aren't gasses of the atmosphere dispersing into the vacuum of space?	[ "Just borin' ol' gravity. Without it our atmosphere would drift away in hours. But even air has some weight, enough fer our planet's substantial gravity ta hang on ta it. (And our magnetic field protects it from bein' blasted away by particles zoomin' out from the Sun. Arrr!)" ]	[ "Think of throwing pizza dough in the air. The outwards force due to the spin is what flattens it out. Same principle works during solar system creation." ]
Why are graphite shards dangerous in a zero g environment?	[ "I had the same question, but I hit the google and got this. > NASA programs previously used pencils[6] (for example a 1965 order of mechanical pencils[7]) but because of the substantial dangers that broken pencil tips and graphite dust pose to electronics in zero gravity, the flammable nature of wood present in p...	[ "Yep. Space adaptation sickness is a thing. Reduced gravity aircraft which travel in steep parabolic arcs, designed to help crews acclimate and experience weightlessness, were given a quite fun nickname: 'The Vomit Comet'." ]
[Math, Statistics] How do you measure the entropy in a deck of cards?	[ "[This](_URL_0_) is a good resource on this question. The tldr version is that after about seven riffle (bridge) shuffles, you get pretty close to a uniform probability density over all possible deck orders. The reason why we settle for \"pretty good\" is that no finite use of riffle shuffle gets to a uniform distr...	[ "Well one way is by selected specific people for your study. The studied that showed evidence that vaccines caused autism actually dropped people from the study who had children not become autistic, found children who had family history of autism to include in the study, and kept the numbers small. Another way coul...
What is the difference between negative symptoms of schizophrenia and depression	[ "I guess you removed and posted your question again, so I'll re-post my original reply: A lot of the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia do share similarities with depression (e.g. social withdrawal, loss of motivation and interest in activities, etc.) and many people with schizophrenia may be found to have depressi...	[ "Genetically speaking it exists because it poses a survival advantage. Sometimes the guys who go out hunting get killed by the tiger, and the ones who gather nuts and berries near the cave live to pass on their genes. Also some studies show that depresses persons have a more accurate appraisal of the world. So in...
How do food manufacturers work out the calorie and nutrient content in their foods?	[ "To work out the calorific content of food, you can use something called a “bomb calorimeter”. This is basically a combustion chamber immersed in water. You burn up the food and measure the change in the water temperature, which tells you how much energy is in it. There are other tests for various nutrients. In re...	[ "There was a great short YouTube documentary about the company that does this for the Premier League posted in r/soccer a while back but I can't find it right now. Basically there are a bunch of guys who sit around and watch certain games on computers with special software that lets them keep track of all this stuf...
What exactly is turbo lag?	[ "An engine turbo-charger has 2 sections. The turbine and compressor. Exhaust gases enter the turbine and cause it to spin. A common shaft drives the compressor. The compressor draws in more air for the engines intake. More air = > more fuel = > more power Turbo lag is the time it takes for the compressor/turbine sp...	[ "It's just bullshit. They're making up gibberish and pretending it's a real thing. Ignore." ]
The difference and correlation between horsepower, torque, acceleration, and top speed in a vehicle.	[ "Horsepower is a unit of Power, which is a physics term. Its equivalent in Metric is the Watt. Power means force multiplied by speed. (Something that is powerful can move something very heavy, very fast.) Torque is similar to Power, except it means it's spinning, and doesn't matter how quickly the energy is being...	[ "Sheriffs are elected law enforcement officers (LEOs), often under the jurisdiction of the courts. Police are LEOs under the jurisdiction of the local executives -- county board, governors, etc. Their jurisdiction is a function of where they're located and who they answer to. Highway patrol LEOs are usually state p...
How will we use the power from a fusion reactor?	[ "> Will we just use it like we do a fission reactor, using the excess heat to generate steam? Yes. > If so, it seems kind of a waste of money Why do you think that? > is there some way to use the plasma to generate electricity The best way is plasma to heat to steam to rotation to electricity. Modern power cycles...	[ "I'd be simpler just to build a [fusor](_URL_1_) with deuterium. _URL_0_" ]
How come that para-/quadriplegics don't suffer more from lung embolism, compared to people who actively use their legs?	[ "They definitely have higher rates of PE and DVT than ambulatory patients, thats for sure. There is a concept called Virchow's Triad(which is more like guidelines for understanding thombosis) which has 3 tennents: 1. Nonlaminar Bloodfow/Interuption. 2. Endothelial Injury (which is a broad term) 3. Hypercoaguabili...	[ "Yep - Australian cricketer Phillip Hughes died last November when a ball hit his neck and caused a vertebral artery dissection. The artery was compressed from the impact, causing it to split and leading to a massive bleed into the brain." ]
Who do historians think the man in the iron mask was? Is it known whether he was a political prisoner or something else, or why he was subjected to this punishment?	[ "There is a good deal of room for fresh responses to this question. But I briefly summarised the main controversies [in an earlier thread here](_URL_0_). The short answer is that we have no certainties about this at all, only a lot of supposition and a certain amount of reasonable deduction. Even the discovery of f...	[ "Hi - we as mods have approved this thread, because while this is a homework question, it is asking for clarification or resources, rather than the answer itself, which is fine according to [our rules](_URL_1_). This policy is further explained in this [Rules Roundtable thread](_URL_3_) and this [META Thread](_URL_...
The basic rules of algebra	[ "Both sides of the = sign must be equal, and if you do something to one side (I.e subtract, multiply) you must do it to the other. Knowing these two rules should get you through any basic algebra problem." ]	[ "However much you use of the one part ingredient, you use three times that amount for the three parts one. Example, one part sugar, three parts flour is one cup sugar and three cups of flour. Or two and six, etc" ]
Why do announcements from the Emergency Alert System sound like they were recorded underwater in the 1920s and look so shoddy with fuzzy white letters on grey backgrounds?	[ "Because the law required them to be back-ward compatible with anything and everything ever invented. And people expect them to look a certain way, so they keep it up. And because it's a lot of time from Very Important Useless People (congressmen) to change the law for something that's really not that important. Am...	[ "u/zwei2stein notes that they are derived from cursive. Early writing was in ALLCAPS withoutanypunctution. Take early Bible manuscripts. THEYARESOMETIMESDIFFICULTTOREAD. You have to parse the letters apart to make words. English, for a long time, borrowed from German the idea of making all nouns capitalized. Ich mo...
Why is the road more slippery when it first starts to rain versus when it’s been raining for a while or pouring?	[ "Oil sitting on top of the road causes that. Once it rains for a while the oil washes away and it becomes much safer to drive on." ]	[ "This doesn't change between babies and adults. It's actually the exact same. What changes is they way we take our drinks as we get older. As babies we are drinking from a nipple (either an actual nipple of a simulated one on baby bottles). A baby has to suck to get liquid out of it. If you tilt a baby bottle, ver...
Canada's prostitution laws	[ "Basically, the prostitute cannot be charged for prostitution, but the John can be charged for buying a prostitute. Of course there are other laws that make it near impossible for the prostitute to legally sell themselves, such as laws against procuring (a.k.a. pimping), operating or working in a brothel and solici...	[ "A couple of archived threads contain a lot of good information. From February 2014, [this one here](_URL_6_) has a top-level comment about medieval Europe and a lot of further information in the comments below. And then [this one](_URL_5_) covers Rome, South American cultures, China, Japan, ancient Greece, and anc...
Why is the tip of the human nose made of cartilage?	[ "The actual reason, although rather vague, is that natural selection leads to traits that are more advantageous for survival to be selected for and thereby become more prevalent in a population. So having a cartilaginous tip to the nose allowed for better survival to reproduction. Probably because the nose sticks o...	[ "Animals evolve, they aren't designed. We use nails to scratch things, and doubtless our ancestors used them for such activities as well. We used to have tails, but didn't use them for anything much, and they ended up vanishing as, I guess, other gene patterns took precedence. Trying to insert design into evolut...
How can we get particles into the gun for the Double Slit Experiment without observing them beforehand?	[ "By not observing any particular particle. The \"gun\" either makes the particles (photon) or redirects them (electrons). There is not a specific process of loading the gun." ]	[ "The unitary time evolution of the wavefunction is deterministic. But there is another postulate of QM (the Born rule) that tells you how the spatial wavefunction is to be interpreted. It’s a postulate that \|ψ\|^(2) is a probability density function. Whenever you measure some observable, the results of measurement c...
Why are collection boxes for the United States Postal Service blue?	[ "It's actually in your document. > The next year, Loewy/Snaith suggested painting collection boxes one color instead of three, recommending a sky-blue color. Sky-blue paint was tested on a few trucks, but the color failed to impress postal officials. In 1968, the Department began testing dark blue collection boxes...	[ "[\"All around the Mediterranean there are wide stretches of beaches composed of crushed murex shells, silent witnesses to the geographical scope and longevity of the Phoenician dyeing industry\".](_URL_0_) It was all from a gigantic murex snail farm off the coast of modern day Lebanon, which was notably monopolize...
How master keys work	[ "A typical lock has a series of spring-loaded pins that are split in two at varying positions such that in the locked state, some portion of the pin extends from the outside of the lock's barrel to the inside, so the barrel cannot turn. With the proper key, the teeth push these pins up so that the split lines up wi...	[ "Well, back in the day, you didn't really have pay per view. You either paid for the channel (including less racy channels like HBO) or you didn't. If you paid for the channel, a technician came out to your cable box and installed a descrambler, which decrypted the signal and allowed your channel. The signals were...
what shape is a black hole?	[ "Relativity says the singularity is a 1-dimensional point. As such, it doesn't really have a shape. This is a matter of perspective though. Time appears to be stopped inside the hole from the perspective of someone outside the hole. The star never really finished collapsing and is not an infinitely small point yet...	[ "They use one dimension to show time. That leaves two spacial dimensions to work with for showing the size of the universe, and a 2d sphere is a circle. A circle getting larger as you go through the third dimension (representing time) gives a cone." ]
Do dogs ears "pop" just like ours do when the elevation changes?	[ "Both dogs and humans have a middle ear and a tube (called the 'Eustachian' tube) that leads down to the throat. When a person or animal experiences a change in air pressure, their Eustachian tube should widen to equalize the pressure within the middle ear." ]	[ "Have you ever blown in a bottle to get a tone? What's happening is that as you blow across the top of the bottle, it excites the air in the bottle and causes it to resonate. Now, when you open a car window, you're effectively turning the car into a giant bottle, but because it is so big, we hear the resonance as ...
How does doing a "small o" with your mouth produce cooler air while opening up your mouth while "hah-ing" produces warmer air	[ "[It is called the Venturi Effect. Fluids, when constricted-air is a fluid in this discussion-speed up when constricted. That makes things go relatively faster. Fast moving air pulls heat away, making the small o feel cooler](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "It would use less energy, yes. The reason is that the compressor and fans will still be using the same amount of power, but the AC will be on for shorter periods of time because the time taken to cool from 78 to 72 is shorter than from 90 to 72. The car also will absorb much more energy if the outside temperature ...
How come every civilization - even the secluded Sentinelese - discovered/invented bows and arrows?	[ "According to [Wikipedia](_URL_4_), a number of cultures in historical times lacked the bow and arrow, and in others oral history records a time before its acquisition. Also, if the earliest evidence of archery is ~64,000 years ago, it is possible that the tech was transported about the planet, even over the land b...	[ "Because they work. Scam artists and lazy people see an idea that brings money for little work, and they emulate that idea. Why fix something that isnt broken, right? Similar idea to why there are a million different versions of Minecraft and Bejewelled. The people peddling these things aren't innovators. They don'...
Why does it feel so good rubbing your eyes, then hurt as soon as you stop?	[ "Awesome question; most don't stop and think about these things! So basically, Unmyelinated nerve fibers are found in the dermis, or commonly known as sensors in the skin. When those sensors are irritated, it is called an itch. Itches are signals to our selves that something is wrong and it should be check...	[ "Simply put for the same reason drinking water when you're not thirsty isn't as refreshing as when you're REALLY thirsty. Anticipating the bodies' needs doesn't trigger the same reward responses in the brain as fulfilling a need that is already present. Your muscles don't NEED to stretch right now, so you can't ant...
Why does a bobsled travel faster when it has more mass?	[ "Because the heavier bobsled is still the same size, which means it's got the same drag but more gravitational force. More force + same drag = higher terminal velocity. Basically, imagine a bowling ball and a similarly sized beach ball being dropped from a building. The bowling ball will end up going much faster b...	[ "Basically, just like YOU keep up with earth : gravtity and momentum." ]
What is the deep web and how do you access it?	[ "The Dark Web is a collection of thousands of websites that use anonymity tools like Tor and I2P to hide their IP address. While it’s most famously been used for black market drug sales and even child pornography, the Dark Web also enables anonymous whistleblowing and protects users from surveillance and censorship...	[ "Before I get all high & mighty about the term \"Dark Ages,\" can you define what you mean for us?" ]
The difference between the Director and Producer of a movie/show etc.	[ "The director is the person in charge of converting the script to the screen, manipulating actors, sets, cameras, etc to achieve his/her envisioned result. The producer is the person who makes the production happen - pitching the movie to a studio, reaching contractual agreements with actors, tradesmen, unions, etc...	[ "It's something that is worked out and agreed upon during contract negotiations. Hey Jon Hamm, how do you want your name displayed in the credits? \"With Jon Hamm\"? \"And Jon Hamm\"? \"Featuring Jon Hamm\"? \"Jon Hamm as Don Draper\"? \"Introducing Jon Hamm\"? It's all part of negotiations, and is the reason why c...
In England all energy providers provide energy from the same grid, how comes they are all able to sell the exact same product at differing prices? And why is there competition between them?	[ "They basically just keep track of how much energy they provided to the communal grid, and how much their customers drew from the communal grid. They can produce it at a certain price, and prove their customers drew that power out the other side, so it doesn't really matter where the specific electrons came from as...	[ "I work for an ISP The Internet is like a series of roads. Let's say you built a road from your house to your friends. You and your friend could go real fast to each other's houses. But what if you wanted to go to some else's house? Or the mall, or school? You would have to connect your road with your towns road. ...
I'm Hungarian. What ideas, stereotypes about Ottoman Empire / Turkish people I have are probably wrong?	[ "In the second photo there's a woman wielding a sword, didn't anyone notice that? Was it possible for hungarian women to fight alongside men? Interesting that would have been." ]	[ "This is just a cultural tradition. In Moroccan and Persian cooking and older-style English cooking, the use of fruits with meats is very common. Vegetables aren't usually found in baking because they turn to mush. There are some exceptions, like carrot cake." ]
What's the difference between an ionised hydrogen atom and a proton?	[ "A ^(1)H^(+) atom is exactly the same thing as a proton." ]	[ "Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?" ]
A CPU is made up of directional voltage gates, how does that allow it to do calculations?	[ "Arranging the transistors in certain ways, we can create logical math gates, namely AND, OR, and NOT. These logic gates allow us to combine signals in a predictable and logical way. When we extend this into large binary strings, we can arrange these gates in a way that allow us to do more complex math. Read up on ...	[ "As they say, [a picture says a thousand words.](_URL_0_) Ignore the middle of the image, just look at the top and bottom and how the colours correspond to each other. In short, it's flipped upside-down and left-to-right. The area of the brain dedicated to processing the central vision (what you're using to read t...
Are there more units beyond acceleration?	[ "The next one is called jerk, and then after that there's nothing official but they're often called snap, crackle, and pop. They come up occasionally when trying to engineer devices that interface with human movement, like prosthetic limbs." ]	[ "If you know the full Hamiltonian for your system and the initial state, you in principle know how the system will evolve for all time. The time evolution is governed by the [time-dependent Schrodinger equation](_URL_0_). However you don't necessarily know what the results of measurements will be. For example, if y...
Why you get those multi colored dots in your vision when you're in a pitch black or dark room	[ "This phenomenon is known as [Phosphene](_URL_0_) . You're eyes don't necessarily need light entering them in order to be stimulated. The thalamus (the part of the brain responsible for relaying sensory signals), your visual cortex, and your retina are in an “always on” state. The neurons in these visual systems ar...	[ "As a side note, I kinda already understand what causes the big green blob - the pressure on the optical nerve. But the actual patterns whooshing past is the big ELI5 here - how the hell does my brain end up interpreting it like that?! There's actual PATTERNS. Moving lights!" ]
- Why does it hurt to breathe when I get back from going for a run in the cold?	[ "When air is warm, it can hold lots of water. When air is cold, it can barely hold any. When you work out in the cold, the cold air you are breathing in has almost no water in it. But your throat and mouth are both really damp. The cold air warms up inside you, meaning it can hold more water than it could before. ...	[ "Ice causes the effect you are speaking of: _URL_0_ > The most significant effect of snow or ice on the wing surface is its influence on the smooth flow of air over the surface contour. Changes in the contour shape and roughness of the surface will cause the airflow to begin to separate from the wing at a lower ang...
How does a phone circuit, which has only two contacts, carry a signal in both directions?	[ "A single conductor pair can simultaneously carry signals traveling in opposite directions in the exact same way waves on water can pass through each other going different directions. You may be thinking that two different signals can't coexist on the same line. This isn't true when you move into the realm of high-...	[ "Patriarchy is the idea that society is, by and large, centered around men. There are tons of examples of this, but the one I pick this time is going to be the [Bechdel test](_URL_0_). The concept of the test is simple. Women are 50% of the population, and they have just as much to talk about as men do. So unless i...
The orange juice-toothpaste effect	[ "Some of the chemicals in the toothpaste [block your ability to taste sweetness](_URL_1_), which makes the sourness of oranges a bit overwhelming. A similar thing happens with [miracle berries, which block bitter and sour tastes](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "Where did you get the idea that eating cheese neutralizes cavity forming acids?" ]
I see the usps commercial bragging about 15 Billion deliveries last year. How are they still losing money?	[ "A few years ago, Congress passed a bill saying they have to pre-fund their pension to absurd levels. Without that, they wouldn't be having much trouble." ]	[ "Likely based on maps of coverage area, overlaid with maps of where people live. The accuracy of either type of map isn't perfect (if coverage is blocked by a very specific hill in an otherwise-covered area, for example). But it's feasible to cover basically all of a big city, and these small urban areas contain ...
How can the US have some of the best Universities in the world if their pre-Uni education is (presumed) to be so badly run?	[ "This question seems to get asked about once a week in one form or another. To answer, the US has an education system on par with other top nations, however they also have a small number of extremely poor performing schools, mostly in poor and minority areas, which so drastically affects the overall statistics of s...	[ "That's just it. It takes a while to amass information and use it. An animal just does whatever comes natural, aka 'instinct'. But humans are taught and trained and learn and practice and... and... Layers and layers of information and training to get us to the point where we can actually achieve more than the previ...
If food takes longer than 24 hours to digest, then why do I take a massive fiery dump within an hour or two every time I eat spicy Asian food?	[ "The spicy food can irritate your stomach and make your bowels react by clearing what ever is in the pipeline, so to speak." ]	[ "Conditioning. If you have any preference for pinching a loaf at home over busting a duke in public, your preferences will define your tendencies and your tendencies will establish your shit patterns. In other words, at some point you got used to shitting at home. You associated home with shitting, among other thin...
Why can't a 64 bit OS emulate a 16 bit OS?	[ "Here's something that will blow your mind: any computer can emulate any other computer. The speed may not be ideal, but it is possible. If a certain emulator doesn't exist, it's because it wasn't written, or they couldn't make it fast enough to be useful. A 16-bit DOS emulator could easily be written on a 64-bit ...	[ "Take a picture, any picture. Now zoom in. Zoom in more. Keep going. Eventually you'll get to the point where you can see the individual pixels and the image stops looking good. That's exactly what's happening here. SNES games were designed for small screens with a small number of pixels. If you put that same game...
How does a digital scale operate?	[ "There's a tiny accordion of metal foil encased in a nonconductive flexible backing. An electric current is run through the metal foil, and the resistance is measured. As the accordion is pushed together by the weight on the scale, the resistance changes according to a known mathematical formula, allowing you to ca...	[ "People will get on treadmills with masks on their faces. Oxygen consumption and Carbon Dioxide levels are measured as they run. Similar things are done for swimming. A little math and science and the calculations are done." ]
What would have been the Roman response to Herod's massacre of Innocents in Bethlehem?	[ "There is no independent attestation for the incident. However what is apparent is that the event would be in keeping with Herod's generally paranoid character in the later part of his reign, as Josephus indicates in Antiquities 16 and 17, wherein Herod has imagined threats to his throne assassinated. Antiquities 1...	[ "So, I don't know if you know this, but Blackstone did just what you are suggesting. After the housing crash of 2009, they went out and bought up homes in different cities. They put them all under the umbrella of a REIT (real estate investment trust) called \"Invitation Homes\" and then spun it out in an IPO a few...
Why are rape victims so much more affected than, say, one time physical assault victims?	[ "You touch people everyday. Strangers are allowed to tap you on the shoulder. We also expect that people will get into fights. Rape is much more socially unexpected. Strangers cannot touch you sexually. Most rapists were trusted by their victims. Being raped in an alley by strangers is the minority. So its like thr...	[ "The Vietnam War was very controversial. A lot of returning troops were called names, spit on, etc. Many of those soldiers also personally didn't agree with the war, they were just doing their jobs. And don't forget there was a draft -- so for many of those soldiers it was basically a choice between going to war, o...
What was life like for a jester/royal fool on the medieval era?	[ "See also these similar questions: [What would life be like as a court Jester in the Middle Ages?](_URL_1_) [How accurate is the stereotypical \"Court Jester\" trope? How were Jesters selected for duty? Did they apply or were they chosen?](_URL_2_) [Is it true that, during Medieval Times, the court Jester could oft...	[ "If it's okay, I'd like to ask an add-on question: could anyone, theoretically, do the exam, or was it restricted to the middle classes? I mean, clearly a peasant would probably fail because of their poor education, but were they allowed to try?" ]
How does international recognition of a country differ (e.g. South Sudan, Kosovo)?	[ "Like most things in politics, it kind of depends on who your friends are, and who your enemies are. South Sudan was recognized internationally pretty quickly because it was pretty much created by the United States. They encouraged the referendum to split from Sudan. They dropped the sanctions from South Sudan that...	[ "US states can't deny the validity of legal documents in other states. So if I own some property in Texas, and I bring that up as evidence in an Oklahoma court case, the court can't decide it doesn't count because it's from the wrong state." ]
Why did the Srebrenica Massacre happen ?	[ "Not to discourage further answers, but /u/Elm11 has written excellent posts [1](_URL_1_), [2](_URL_0_) on Srebrenica." ]	[ "This is a pretty common question here; here's some links from the FAQ: _URL_2_ _URL_4_ and a few others that have been posted over the years: _URL_3_ _URL_1_ _URL_0_ Most posts agree that it is largely a post-war pop phenomenon with fairly little evidence to support it." ]
If neutrinos turn out to be faster than light, are they useful in any way? Communication?	[ "The recent measurement has no practical implications for communication. Neutrinos make inefficient signals because they are almost indetectable. One application I've seen proposed is for messaging submarines, because radio can't penetrate and sound is slow." ]	[ "Because in theory it allows you to compute both values at the same time. So, lets say I'm trying to hack an encryption. The encryption uses 10 bit key. So in order to break it, I have to try every possible input for that key, and decrypt with each one: 0000000000 0000000001 0000000010 0000000011 ... 111111111...
Where the did name "cop" come from?	[ "> cop (v.) 1704, northern British dialect, \"to seize, to catch,\" perhaps ultimately from Middle French caper \"seize, to take,\" from Latin capere \"to take\" (see capable); or from Dutch kapen \"to take,\" from Old Frisian capia \"to buy,\" which is related to Old English ceapian (see cheap). Related: Copped; c...	[ "This is a bit like asking who decided what is polite and what is kind and what is mean - they are bound to culture, context and they ebb and flow with social norms. While we can talk about how and why words get put on lists that the MPAA uses in ratings, or that are OK or not OK on broadcast televition, it's nearl...
What is it about the brain and consciousness that makes humans so susceptible to religion?	[ "1. Religion is usually introduced at a young age, when people are impressionable. It is taught as fact by your parents and respected members of society 2. The inevitability of death is a scary thing. It's unpleasant to think that there is nothingness after we die. Religion allows us to feel there is more to life t...	[ "Imagine you're trying to find a coffee shop in a city. If you've been there recently, it should be pretty easy to find. If it's been 10 years since you've been to the coffee shop or the city, it might take you a LONG time to find. It also might take long to find if you've been to other, similar coffee shops in the...
Does the placebo affect still work even if the subject is aware of the strength of the placebo affect of a particular drug?	[ "Its been shown that the placebo effect still works even when the subject is fully aware that they are only receiving a placebo drug. _URL_0_ Obviously its something that needs more study to be understood but the placebo can actually work." ]	[ "\"You're sitting in a chair\" and \"I know you're sitting in a chair\" don't mean the same thing, of course. The former is entirely a statement about you; the latter includes that statement, but also makes a statement about me. Now let's introduce Jane. Jane is staring at you from a hidden camera because she's a...
Why wasn't America known about by going from Siberia to Alaska in 1792?	[ "I think you meant \"1492,\" but in any case, that question's been answered quite a few times here. The short of it is that Russia didn't have the territorial expanse it has today ─ Siberian expansion didn't really start until the 16th century ─ and as far as we can tell, Chinese, Korean or Japanese traders didn't ...	[ "Could you perhaps present us with your original source so we can see what the author writes about it? I think I know the answer, but I would like to know what exactly the author wrote. Also, could you remove the bonus question? We do not allow discussions of events after 1993." ]
TV judge shows. (i.e. Judge Judy / Judge Mathis)	[ "For one, these are civil cases only. They are binding because both parties agree to settle out of (actual) court, and a condition of that settlement is abiding by the ruling of the TV judge. So the actual civil case is already done by the time they go to TV court. Everyone is paid by the network. This includes def...	[ "In many cases, the judgement (not settlement, confirmed by previous comment!) is not paid directly by the defendant. It is paid by an insurance company. For example, if you are sued because of an automobile accident, your auto insurance will pay any judgement. As an aside, your insurance company will probably also...
Why do we laugh more when we are around people witnessing something funny as opposed to being alone?	[ "Laughing is primarily a team building social activity so there's no real reason to laugh if no one else is in the room. It's similar to yawning in that when you laugh, others are more likely to feel good and laugh, and vice versa which makes group laughter a self reinforcing process. As I recall there are actually...	[ "There are a few different answers because there are a few different psychological approaches. TheCanadianDoctor's answer is the biological approach. Using the behavioral/learning approach, I would say it was because when you learned that word, you learned it by forming a connection between the (echoic) sound and t...
How do shitty big-budget movies get made?	[ "There's a lot going on here. First no one involved starts out to make a shitty movie. Shitty movies happen for a variety of reasons. One cause is when the producer (money) and director and sometimes lead actor are the same person. Then it's essentially a vanity production and it may be great or it may suck balls b...	[ "My guess? When you're dealing with a lot of makeup, prosthesis, special effects its easier to hide flaws. You can see acne under makeup in high def, you couldn't really see that back in the day. Just a guess." ]
Theoretically, Is it possible to wear a space suit that only covers your head and proves oxygen? Or is the entire suit necessary?	[ "You could make a significantly less bulky suit out of a highly elastic material using sealed, fluid filled pouches over the body's concavities to keep the body pressurized. However, you'd still need to incorporate a system for regulating the body's heat, and you'd probably want some radiation protection. Since we ...	[ "This video created by Vsauce 3 (Jake Roper) does a very good job explaining this: _URL_1_ I hope this answers your question. He also did another video on a simmilar line of - could you survive: _URL_0_" ]
While big internet websites have hundreds of servers,how the website has one IP address ?	[ "There's something called a [load balancer](_URL_0_) that does nothing but take traffic from one IP address and sends it out to all of the servers associated with it. So each of the servers will have their own IP address (likely only visible to the load balancer), but the way you get to them is through the one IP a...	[ "Investment. It takes millions of dollars and years of getting construction permits to dig up roads or putting up new poles to put in wires. Back in the 90's many ISPs existed, because everyone was piggybacking on existing telephone connections. But once you had to deploy new hardware to telephone network, then ...
What is the point of left or right handedness?	[ "It is unknown. But leading theory is that it takes less brain resource to only make one side highly-dexterous. [Wikipedia link](_URL_0_). And it is usually the right side, because the right side of body is controlled by left side of brain, which is also in charge of speech (a skill that is similar to hand-dexterit...	[ "All of these responses are terrible. They are all guesses, none of them explain why a toddler shows a preference, or why ambisinister is also a thing. However, this question has been asked several times before (although the ELI5 entries are similarly useless): _URL_0_ _URL_1_ _URL_2_ _URL_3_" ]
why they haven't dug in to king tuts grave to see if there really is another chamber	[ "Because once you do something like that you can't un-do it. Even if you are right, what cultural artifacts have you destroyed in finding the chamber? And if you are wrong then you have destroyed them for nothing." ]	[ "You seem to be describing a variant of the [ladder paradox](_URL_0_), just using a train and tunnel instead of a ladder and a garage, he he. > What does the outside observer see? The outside observer sees the front guillotine make a cut, then later after the train has passed further through the tunnel, the back g...
Why Airplanes (Most of them) are white in color?	[ "They are painted white to reflect as much sunlight as possible which reduce the temperature of the airplane and protects the materials from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Airplanes used to be shiny bare metal as this had the added advantage that it saved the weight of the paint but then they started to use plastic...	[ "I'm familiar with this behaviour in blackbirds in the UK. It sounds as though the birds you describe are doing the same thing. You have correctly identified that not all birds do this - different species have typical responses to threats and flying fast and low is one such response. Unfortunately for the bird it i...
Why does the earth have an iron core and why are there rocky vs gas planets?	[ "Planets closer to their star get stripped of much of their light elements (e.g. Hydrogen) by the star's gravity leaving them relatively bereft of light gases and causing them to tend to be rocky. Planets more distant from their parent stars retain much of these light gases and become gas giants. The solar system w...	[ "All of the heavier elements were fused together from lighter elements inside dying stars. Those stars exploded, and that material eventually became us. We are star-stuff, as Carl Sagan liked to say." ]
How does the moon control the ocean waves?	[ "Gravitational pull. When the moon lines up with the earth at a certain orientation it causes spring tides and neap tides. Neap tides occur twice a month and are your regular tides aka high and low tides. Spring tides occur only during a full moon or new moon Someone smarter and with more time can elaborate. Or te...	[ "Wifi and cellular systems use microwave radiation (like your microwave oven, except far far less power). Microwave radiation rips absorbed quite readily by polar molecules like water and fats. (this is how microwave ovens cook food, imparting the energy of microwave radiation into kinetic energy of water and fat m...
People who understand NSA stuff: why don't they have a better lead on Jim Dimaggio? (California Amber Alert)	[ "IF he was trying to flee, he would have taken a different car, or disabled his GPS Nav system, and from that point he would stay off the grid. \| They do use it for the domestic good, remember the Boston Marathon manhunt?" ]	[ "I was curious about this as well, so I did some google-fu and found some results. This is all secondhand so take it with a grain of salt. It seems that the stations contract survey companies to get a rough estimate based on a sample population in the area. Arbitron is one of those companies. How do they do it? The...
What does it mean to be hungry, and what does it mean to be "full"?	[ "Part of what makes you feel full is release of a hormone called Leptin in response to the nutrient intake. Another part is mechanical dissension of the stomach activating vagal nerve afferents which go strait to the same region of the brain that Leptin acts upon. Satiety research is huge, complex, and developing s...	[ "The computer has files of varying sizes. These take up varying amounts of spaces on the hard drive. Say you write to the hard drive 3 different files. One takes up 5 \"spaces\" the next 2 spaces, and the last 5 spaces. Later, you delete the 2 space file. Now you've got 5 occupied spaces, 2 free spaces, 5 occupied...
How do supermarkets create seemingly impossible foods?	[ "Products that cook \"impossibly fast\" from frozen are not raw but par-cooked. In other words, they cook them halfway at the factory, then freeze them." ]	[ "They don't. It's a marketing ~~lie~~ gimmick. I used to work for a company that did a similar thing by mail. New customers were supposed to sign up by a certain time for special rates but as a specific matter of policy we'd give those rates to anyone who mailed back the special offer." ]
How are multi-level marketing companies like Vemma legal and not considered pyramid schemes?	[ "Honestly, I think they are WORSE than pyramid schemes or Ponzi schemes. For one because they prey on naive, desperate or vulnerable people like high schoolers and college students who can't find jobs and have no money. But what's even worse is that they push some kind of product as their only link to legality, and...	[ "The same way that Microsoft can have trademarks on words like access, outlook, and windows. Trademarks are a strong but extremely limited form of intellectual property right. It doesn't let them own a word in all context, only in the limited context of the type of item they are selling, and only to the degree that...
How can a computer come up with a "random" number?	[ "Generally yes, anything generated by an algorithm can be reproduced if you know the \"initial\" settings. Numbers generated this way are referred to as \"psuedorandom\". There do, however, exist various dedicated hardware solutions that allow computers to pick truly random numbers. They work by basically installi...	[ "Well one way is by selected specific people for your study. The studied that showed evidence that vaccines caused autism actually dropped people from the study who had children not become autistic, found children who had family history of autism to include in the study, and kept the numbers small. Another way coul...
How can Netflix detect if their users are using a VPN and can the detection be circumvented?	[ "There's lots of ways to detect it -- mostly when they notice that they have a bunch of connections from different accounts coming from one IP address. They can easily determine where that IP address is from, and if they see that the accounts using that IP are from different countries, it doesn't take a rocket scie...	[ "Think of it this way. I own a house. In this house I allow several drug dealers to ply their wares. I don't sell drugs, I don't use drugs however I do FACILITATE knowingly, the use of drugs by my direct action and I am profiting off of it. Basically that's why, they know that they where facilitating the exchange o...
Why does it seem to take music longer to release than other types of media?	[ "Just as with movies, they are usually planned to be released at a certain time. A lot of movies would like a summer blockbuster or holiday season release... A time that has been proven to get more people to go and see it. With music, they usually try to release an album that coincides with a tour. Usually a singl...	[ "There are a lot more steps involved than you see. From your perspective as a customer, you see the the money leave your account immediately when you make a purchase; but in reality there's a lot of processing that goes on and banks talking to each other and checking with each other before passing the money over. J...
Why are there so many Islamic extremist groups in the world even though the Qur'an explicitly promotes peace regardless of beliefs, race, or nationality?	[ "it promotes peace....it also promotes violence towards non-believers... like most \"holy texts\" it is vague and ambiguous, and depends largely on interpretation of the reader." ]	[ "The \"standard model of cosmology\", i.e. [the lambda-CDM model](_URL_0_) treats dark energy as the result of having a non-zero cosmological constant. \"Constant\" being the key word. Ideas like the Big Rip only come about when you imagine a cosmology where the cosmological \"constant\" is actually some elaborate ...
Why is it always so cold in the hospital?	[ "Bacteria and viruses don't survive as long on cold surfaces. Making it a bit chilly saves lives from infection." ]	[ "Ever turned the heat on in your car?" ]
if a set of identical twins has babies with another set of identical twins, are those babies going to be identical cousins?	[ "No, because what they get from each parents it's still somewhat random. So one can have his father's eyes and the other can have the mothers" ]	[ "It's a good ghost story, in the typical version - \"Settlement vanishes, the only clue is the mysterious word CROATOAN carved into a fencepost\". It's not much of a mystery to people who have done research on the area, though. The Roanoke colony was friendly with the local Indians, who had a settlement on the nea...
I am allergic to cats. Would I also be allergic to tigers, lions and the like?	[ "Maybe. It is not the feline aspect that makes you allergic, rather it is their dander. It would depend entirely on your body and your reaction to it. Some people with cat allergies would have no reaction to lion dander, others would. Are you more likely to be allergic to a lion if you're already allergic to (most)...	[ "Airplanes do get struck by lighting while in the air and while inside clouds. The airplane is reasonably well protected by the skin effect which pushes all the current around the edge of the plane and not through the middle, it helps that the middle of the plane is also not very conductive compared to the outside ...
Why was the WWI Armistice on 11/11 at 11:11?	[ "It's not a secret society... Conspiracy theorists love to claim that secret societies such as the illuminati have influenced major events in history. This would likely be a question for one of the experts like Panzerkampfwagon or NMW to answer. However, until they do, I would suggest that 11:00 was chosen because...	[ "We basically use a base-12 number system for timekeeping instead of our normal base 10. We can divide 12 by 2, 3, 4, or 6, compared to 10 which we can divide by 2 and 5. Remember that in ancient times they didn't have precise measuring equipment. They had a sundial. They new sunrise, sunset, and noon as precise ti...
Did battlements on castles before the late medieval period typically have timber roofs to protect soldiers from volley fire?	[ "What you are describing is a ['hoarding'](_URL_0_), these were temporary wooden structures installed on walls when necessary to give defenders additional protection as well as providing murders holes where you could drop rocks; hot oil or sand; or arrows down on attackers from above. If you look at some naked batt...	[ "Did I even break my skull over that one! For one thing Martin is quite vague and elusive in his clues as to just what he means by these cycles. The least shitty approach I could come up with was inducing the irregular \"megawinters\" as volcanically-induced cooling episodes overprinted over a regular climatic sycl...
Why have some evolved with poor eyesight?	[ "We have not \"evolved\" poor eyesight. However, poor eyesight has not, in recent times, been evolutionarily selected against, so it is perhaps more common than it once was. Unless a trait causes those with it to be less likely to mate or survive to mate, it will generally not be selected against." ]	[ "Watch David Attenborough's 'Life on Earth'. Download it and watch it it is incredible. Remember that fruits are only really effective when there are animals around to eat the fruit and dristribte the seeds. Fruits basically exist as a seed disburtion device to spread out the seeds of the next generation. For many ...
Why do old songs have a crackling sound?	[ "When songs were recorded on vinyl records occasionally damage to the physical medium would introduce crackling noises when played by a record player. The older the record, the more damage it incurred, unless carefully protected by the owner." ]	[ "I have been puzzled for a few weeks why I could not find any printed listings of all the singers in the Naples Royal Chapel, considering it was a pretty major music group through the early modern period, and boasted many distinguished singers and composers, such as Scarlatti, and Caffarelli. Turns out most of tho...
What's the difference between welding and soldering?	[ "Soldering uses a (relatively) low temperature to melt solder to join the two metals. The metals themselves don't melt and remain separate. In welding, the metals that are being joined melt and resolidify around the weld, effectively forming a single piece of metal after the weld has been made. Although it's common...	[ "From our standpoint as users, nothing at all. From Reddit's standpoint, one of them means the backend computers told them \"sorry too busy\" and the other means that the backend didn't respond at all." ]
What happens when the body receives an electric shock? Is it an electrolysis reaction?	[ "The electricity flows through the most conductive material. Fat is not conductive, it is more of an insulator. Interstitial fluid is more conductive as it is salt water. The most conductive material is the nervous system and veins. The passing of electric current is always done more like the game telephone than p...	[ "Like many mammals, people have instincts to groom themselves to maintain health and attract mates. Part of our grooming instinct is to remove parasites, like ticks or lice. These bugs are not a common problem for many modern people (unless you live below the poverty line, or enjoy the outdoors in certain places). ...
Is there any evidence to suggest that it is easier to learn a secondary language if that language was spoken by your ancestors, not alive during your lifetime, as a primary language?	[ "Motivation is a widely recognized factor in second language acquisition (I don't have my SLA materials with me, but Jeff Siegel's (2013) Second Dialect Acquisition discusses it). So insofar as connecting with one's ancestry could increase motivation to learn a language, that could have an effect on how well you ...	[ "Imagine you have 100 doors, and there is a prize behind one. You pick one door and then 98 others are opened. The prize is either behind your door, or the other one that is unopened. Should you switch? Absolutely, because you had a 1/100 shot of guessing right with your first pick, and a 99/100 chance if you swit...

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