Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Why did Reddit remove the Jennifer Lawrence nude photos but allow other nude photos on sex and porn-related subreddits, when we do not know if those are shared consensually, and the women whose images are in the photos may not know they are being shared here?	[ "Reddit removed the stuff for which they received official DMCA takedown notices." ]	[ "Still photos can be much higher resolution since the camera doesn't have to process 24 FPS or anything. The shutter speed is also much more customizable. The lower shutter speed required for video creates motion blur between frames. This can be desired in video but the sharpness of a still frame with a fast shutt...
What makes computer parts more powerful than others, therefore costing more?	[ "Every few years the power of the same sized microprocessor doubles, and so the computing speed roughly doubles. It's called Moores Law, and you can look it up if you like. As to why some parts are more expensive than others it they're made at the same time, it's on how much RAM they put on it, how fast the compone...	[ "Here's a pretty good explainer. _URL_0_ Basically it comes down to different memory, different promises (reliability and service life), and different marketing." ]
Why can some games alt-tab easily and some games crash and ruin everything?	[ "When you alt-tab a program out of fullscreen mode, Windows gets rid of a few things relating to the program to save memory while you're not using it - most notably, the graphics/textures used by the game. A well-made program will respond to this situation by re-loading all the textures when you go back to it, but ...	[ "IRL car races, you have to earn your spot in the starting grid through qualifying. Since there are no qualifying in video games, you tend to start at the back. Haven't played a racing game in a while (outside of Mario Kart, but even that was a while ago), but IIRC you do move up in the grid based on your performan...
Why are stars traditionally represented as having "points" when they look like dots in the night sky?	[ "I have seen this just recently: [Why are Stars Star-Shaped?](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "Someone correct me if I am wrong but it goes back to when we had much hairier bodies and when alarmed we as well as a lot of other mammals would puff up our hair to make ourselves look bigger. Think of how when you scare a dog or a cat it hunches up and its hair stands on end, same thing happens to us just we dont...
Transmission and Radiator fluids	[ "First, follow the manual for your car. Some say 50,000 and some say 100,000. Those are when you should change it. Replacing both fluids is a good thing. Over time they break down and/or pick up contaminants that can affect their chemistry causing problems. A good example was GM Dexcool and the plastic gasket they...	[ "Wow this fucking thread is making me sick i always thought it was a fat or oil that just became more liquid..." ]
What does it mean to "short" a particular stock and how can you make or lose money doing it?	[ "You borrow stock from a broker and sell it, planning buy the stock back at some point in the future. For this you pay interest on the value of the stock and any cash flows the stock pays to investors. When you buy the stock back it's returned to the investor. If the stock goes up in value you have to pay a highe...	[ "Unless you have surgery - you don't loose fat cells they just shrink. SO the blood vessels would still be in place but having to cover a smaller area. Often leading to varicose veins." ]
How does requesting a song in the radio work for unsigned/indie bands?	[ "Royalties for radio play are handled by the Performance Rights Organizations (PRO), like ASCAP, BMI and SESAC. They have various ways to survey and monitor radio play- electronic or good old fashion cue sheets and surveys. Any artist who has released music can belong to one of these groups. They collect the royalt...	[ "TV Stations actually don't really \"pick\" commercials. Stations have advertising slots open for anyone who is willing to pay to advertise there. Now for the advertiser that slot must be worth the money they are paying to sell their product. That's why is you were to watch Nick, Disney or Cartoonnetwork you see a ...
. Why is Shaun of the Dead so highly regarded among horror film fans?	[ "It's a self-referencing satirical comedy that pokes fun at the zombie sub-genre, and it was made by real horror fans -- hence, it's appreciated by horror fans as well, unlike spoofs like Scary Movie. Put it this way: parody films like Scary Movie and Epic Movie have little or no intellectual content, and weren't m...	[ "Someone correct me if I am wrong but it goes back to when we had much hairier bodies and when alarmed we as well as a lot of other mammals would puff up our hair to make ourselves look bigger. Think of how when you scare a dog or a cat it hunches up and its hair stands on end, same thing happens to us just we dont...
How can science be racism?	[ "\"Scientific racism\" is a bit of a misleading term, because it means something that isn't scientific. It refers to when someone tries to use science to justify their racism. For example, the Nazis did a lot of studies of the different races in an attempt to justify their belief in Aryan supremacy. It was scient...	[ "Different skin colours help in different climates, darker skin tones nearer the equator, lighter towards the North and south poles etc" ]
Given that an Alcubierre warp drive is physically possible, how would the crew experience time in relation to others?	[ "Just to focus on the start of your question - current physics doesn't tell us that the Alcubierre Drive is possible. Current physics just doesn't explicitly forbid the Alcubierre Drive. These are very, very different things. There are all sorts of things that aren't forbidden by modern physics but also can't/do...	[ "How about how to fit a 2 km train on a circular 1 km track? It's impossible normally, but if the train is moving at 87% the speed of light it works fine. The game [Velocity Raptor](_URL_0_) involves several puzzles that require moving at relativistic speeds. For example, you unlock a door by making several blocks ...
Did the Byzantines and Ottomans view Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks, and Montenegrins as one group, or as separate peoples?	[ "The Byzantines were viewing them as a different people (at least the Serbs and the Croats as far as I know), but they knew that they were both Slavs. For example, Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos describes them in a text that was meant to educate his son on how to govern the Empire. _URL_0_ * On page 147 o...	[ "The change came with the meeting between Nixon and Mao. Reading up on that meeting might be a place to start. The relationship between China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC) is interesting. Both governments consider them to be one country. As long as the exiled-government-of-China-which-resides-in-Taiwan continued (and cont...
What are the long term effects of the morning after pill?(Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg)	[ "You did right to start searching but use pubmed or NIH in your search criteria: _URL_1_ _URL_0_ these are peer reviewed research articles and meta-analyses of those articles/studies. You're asking for something that likely isn't in human trials or at least the longitudinal nature of your question can't be answere...	[ "One interesting event of early 1914 was the the [slashing of the Rokeby Venus](_URL_0_). Mary Richardson, a suffragette, hacked at [The Rokeby Venus](_URL_1_) by Diego Velázquez with a meat cleaver while visiting the Royal Gallery in London. The painting was very famous and King Edward VII had provided £8,00...
"My side chick", "main chick"	[ "It means avoid anyone around you that uses these terms in a serious or honest fashion. They're shit people. Side chick is the girl you're cheating on your girlfriend with." ]	[ "I usually explain it to my friends using phones: & nbsp; Switch - You can call anyone in your area code but can't get anyone outside of your area code. & nbsp; Router - You can call people in your area code(switch), but anything not in your area code is forwarded from the switch to the router. The Router can for...
How did the English (let's say between the Baroque and Edwardian ages) regard the fact that their ancestors were "barbarians"?	[ "> He went on about how the ancestors of the English were once equally \"rude\" as the Maori, who likewise were native to an isolated island, and likewise had to be civilized by an invading empire A follow-up, could someone explain where Gibbon said this?" ]	[ "From what I've read they ate a lot more rough course foods. Chewing things that are hard scrape our teeth for us kind of like it does for other animals. The problem for our modern teeth is we eat a lot of soft refined foods and a lot of sugar. That stuff just sits there and gets stuck which causes tooth decay." ]
How did glow in the dark happen? And where did it get its source of energy to glow in the dark?	[ "Around 1669, there was a German alchemist named Hennig Brand. He was in search of gold, and thought that it came from within man. What color is gold? It's a shade of yellow. What else is yellow that everyone is familiar with? Urine. So off went Hennig on a quest to extract gold from pee. He boiled down 5,500 liter...	[ "They use a combination of colour changing and conductive ink. The ink is conductive so that when you touch the two points, current can flow. The colour change occurs with temperature. So what you do is create a gradually widening strip of the colour changing conductive ink. The narrow part takes the least power...
why can't we learn a "language" of other animals?	[ "We can, it is just it takes a lot of study and the language isn't in the same form as human language so it isn't just like learning German or Spanish and it comes with body language, scents and other non verbal cues _URL_0_" ]	[ "If i recall correctly, plants actually convert ~5% of incoming light to energy via photosynthesis. In addition to this, solar radiation is a pretty diffuse source of energy (one of several issues with solar panel technology, large areas are needed for any significant energy to be gathered). These two factors (poo...
What's the different between republican and democrats in american culture? What's the point being a republican and vice versa? And why republican is always negatively stigmatized in movie i watched?	[ "One of them shits on the poor and tells them to dodge. The other shits on the poor while pretending it's sending gifts." ]	[ "_URL_0_ > A subtrope of the Sci-Fi Ghetto. Can be used to highlight how their monsters are different. Suppose your monsters are rotting shambling undead that want to drink your blood. Call them zombies and every casual reader's going to assume they're after \"braaaaaiiinnss,\" while calling them vampires brings u...
When practicing the same thing over and over again in the same practice session, why do you get worse at it?	[ "This is what's known as a [fatigue effect](_URL_0_). You're not actually regressing in skill, but you are becoming tired and/or bored, leading to an apparent regression in skill. You're getting better overall, but much worse in the moment because of this fatigue. When you come back and do it later, you're less t...	[ "As time goes on, you install things on your computer that require more and more resources. Heavier payload = slower speed." ]
Pain is a way for the body to tell us something wrong or potentially damaging is occurring to the body, but what is the point of itchyness?	[ "not particularly. itchiness is a byproduct of your body's inflammatory response to certain compounds. it is triggered by histamine." ]	[ "Talking completely out of my ass here, maybe it has to do with some instinctive grooming drive that we inherited from our ancestors. If you go to the zoo or watch a documentary, you can see that apes/etc. instinctively groom each other; so some people probably get a sense of pleasure from seeing such things becaus...
Which are some books to get started on Iceland's History and/or sagas?	[ "So, as I said above, the Viking Society for Northern Research's An Introduction to Old Norse (3 volumes, but Vol. 1 is all you need for the language, really) is a far better source for learning about the language than Byock's book. Otherwise, get yourself a copy of The Sagas of Icelanders (ed. Jane Smiley), an...	[ "Hi - we as mods have approved this thread, because while this is a homework question, it is asking for clarification or resources, rather than the answer itself, which is fine according to [our rules](_URL_1_). This policy is further explained in this [Rules Roundtable thread](_URL_3_) and this [META Thread](_URL_...
If a young child falls into a coma and then wakes up much later (say 20 years), do they think like a child or do they think like an adult?	[ "Development isn't a purely physical process. It also depends on experiences and input, and this child would be deprived of those. Even kids that are conscious but held in isolation face lifelong difficulties, the 'coma child' would certainly be similarly stricken." ]	[ "One case that comes to mind comes Tomocomo, a kind of companion who journeyed with Pocahontas to England. Allegedly he carried a walking stick with him upon which to keep a tally of all the people he saw, but soon gave up because there were far too many people in London or he was tired by the difficulty of the tas...
How close is basic animal and human physiology? Could a veterinarian safely provide medical treatment for people or could a human doctor properly give treatment to an animal?	[ "Anatomicly pretty similar. So things like suturing wounds setting bone fractures, burns, simple stuff would be possible. Anything that required drug therapy, no. Different animals and humans do not always tolerate the same drugs, or the same per weight dose of drugs. Other complex diagnoses and treatments, no. Tha...	[ "The Vietnam War was very controversial. A lot of returning troops were called names, spit on, etc. Many of those soldiers also personally didn't agree with the war, they were just doing their jobs. And don't forget there was a draft -- so for many of those soldiers it was basically a choice between going to war, o...
How can the TSA continue to operate after demonstrating a failure rate of over 90%?	[ "Its REALLY REALLY hard to detect every possible type of weapon/explosive. They can be literally any shape and size, and many have 0 metal parts in them. To expect them to catch everything would be insane. The simple fact is that TSA screening is outdated, and really designed to detect guns or knives, which it does...	[ "_URL_2_ columnist William Saletan waded into this issue several years ago with similar questions to yours. Here's an article posted AFTER his initial article and several followups, all of which can be reached via links within the article. It's an interesting journey with commentary from psychologists, statistician...
Regarding black holes, can anything be said about the distribution of mass inside the event horizon?	[ "The event horizon isn't the physical demarcation of a black hole. The Event horizon is the point at which the escape velocity reaches the speed of light. Therefore, we have no real way of measuring, or experimenting on what lies beyond." ]	[ "For heavy quarks (charm, bottom) the hadron mass is dominated by the heavy quark so it is relatively easy. The top quark decays before it hadronizes, here we can actually measure its mass directly. See the other comment for the light quarks." ]
Couldn't there be a theoretical cap to entropy in a system?	[ "Yes, this is known as the Bekenstein bound and basically corresponds to the entropy of a black hole. Within a given volume, the maximum entropy is ~~four~~ one quarter times the number of Planck areas that can fit in the surface of that volume, times the Boltzmann constant. Systems at low temperature tend to have ...	[ "We aren't really sure why, but it doesn't seem that something like that can be done. Think about it like your bladder; you can build up a need to urinate, but you cannot urinate so much that your bladder is more than empty." ]
Why do we still use signature as a proof in so many documents?	[ "You may think that it looks simple, but actually faking a signature is really hard to do without tracing. Not to mention, it's a case of \"you are saying that you are this person\" and is more or less just another block for fraudsters." ]	[ "Dates back to ancient Rome. In a lot of old languages, they hadn't invented the space or the period yet. Like just long unbroken strings of letters. So they started making the first letter of a word huge to indicate new paragraph. The tradition kept, and in the middle ages, they'd hand write/paint a huge fancy let...
Do animals in a social setting with their peers feel embarrassment?	[ "I think they are continuing on with their day. I read an article not too long ago I think on a TIL thread, that said an animal like a dog cannot remember what emotions feel like. So if today he is sad, he can't be like \"I remember when I was happy yesterday.\" He just knows how he feels in that particular moment....	[ "Hi OP, this is a cultural question, so it would greatly assist anyone considering answering if you could specify which culture you're asking about. For example, the name of a cultural group / country / geographic region, plus a rough time period. Otherwise, this question is simply too broad, as it encompasses almo...
Why does machine-made ice cubes have holes in them?	[ "When you make them at home, you fill compartments in a tray with water and freeze the entire thing, so each compartment becomes an ice cube. Ice makers work slightly differently. They have an array of fingers (or prongs or spikes, whatever) which are dipped into a container of water. These fingers are chilled, ca...	[ "The part of your foot that is not under the blanket is acting like a radiator, shedding body heat and cooling the blood that circulates through it. A similar effect can be had by hanging your feet in a cool stream on a hot day. Even though only a small amount of your skin is touching the water, your entire body c...
If everyone is so concerned about technology replacing human jobs and careers, then why do we pay engineers tons of money to do exactly that?	[ "The humans who's job would be replaced are the ones concerned. That's their money being lost. The humans who's job it is to make the company money, so they look into automation, which is cheaper in the long run than a human to produce more and better controlled items, that human is not concerned. That's going to p...	[ "ELI5: have you been browsing my web history?!? There are certain people who enjoy pie. They form an online community of pie lovers and pie makers. The pie makers get rated on their pies, from appearance to quality. If a pie maker hers a bad reputation, pie lovers will avoid in the future. Sometimes, a new pie make...
Does topography influence climate in the U.S., or do variations between East/West mainly have to do with oceanic influences such as the gulf stream?	[ "I am far from a climatologist, but I think on the large scale the relatively mild (or non-existent, depending on where you are) seasons in the west vs. the east can be attributed to the differences between predominantly marine (west coast) and continental (eastern part of the country) climates. On a more local sca...	[ "Ever watch water going down the bath tub drain? Even though the water was relatively motionless before you opened the drain, the low pressure area you introduced by opening the drain causes a rotating vortex to form in the water. Tornadoes work in much the same way. They're associated with low pressure areas, afte...
why do australians have a british accent, while canadians don't?	[ "Australians have an Australian accent. Also, the American accent is closer to the British accent of the 1700's than the current British accent. Accents evolve over time when populations become separated." ]	[ "The Pirate Bay has servers in a lot of places and countries. IsoHunt was still just in Vancouver, making it more easily detected by American authorities and American media groups." ]
I've recently read that physics are the rules that the universe follows. Since there is no "direction" (a god?) to guide the universe, does that mean that physics is simply an observation of reality and not actually a set of rules?	[ "this is getting a bit more into the philosophy of physics, but yes/no. The observations we make tell us that the universe behaves in an orderly manner. The 'rules' though, aren't written like laws to be obeyed or broken. They're baked into the structure of everything. Electromagnetics is a U(1) symmetry. Weak forc...	[ "In the ray model you assume light moves on straight lines. In the wave optics model you describe light with a field covers the spaces and how this field changes and acts in time is described by the Maxwell equations. If you just want to know where light goes, you often can work with rays. But if you look closer yo...
How does blood enter the blood stream if its made in bone marrow?	[ "[Bones are vascularized](_URL_0_) and are part of the circulatory system. If you look at bones you can actually see the little holes the blood vessels enter and exit." ]	[ "Because there's a bunch of rock in the way, some of it molten and super-hot, and digging a tunnel is too hard. (Here, \"too hard\" means, totally impossible with present technology, even if you had an unlimited amount of money.)" ]
Why is it when you cool water it expands, but when you cool say steel it shrinks. When you heat steel it expands?	[ "Actually you're thinking of when water freezes. Water expands when it goes from the liquid to solid phase due to the unique crystal structure. Hot water takes up more volume than cool water because the liquid water molecules have more energy to expand. The same principle is true for steel. As you heat the steel it...	[ "I'm not an expert in Australian weather terms, but here in Canada we actually have two different terms for this kind of thing: humidex and wind chill. The humidex is used in summer, and is typically higher than the \"real temperature\", because humid air feels hotter than drier air. The body cools itself by swea...
how do socks prevent our feet from getting sweaty	[ "At least in my experience, they don't. The sock acts as an absorbent material to wick away the moisture of sweat on your feet." ]	[ "The same reason people \"smell rain\", we don't actually smell rain, our noses just work better in high humidity. Same reason farts smell more in the shower." ]
Why is having money in tax havens like Swiss Bank accounts considered bad if it is not actually illegal? If it is illegal why is there a Swiss Bank?	[ "Depositing income into Swiss Bank accounts for the purpose of avoiding taxes is illegal, but there may be other reasons for wanting to keep money overseas and secret/secure. Also, Swiss banks are governed by laws of Switzerland, so U.S. laws have no bearing on whether and why they exist... their laws could be comp...	[ "The best way I can describe it is that think of your web traffic as like a highway, all the stuff you download is in cars. Going down the highway, anyone can see the cars from helicopters, cameras, and other such monitoring devices. When you use a VPN, think of it as driving through a private underground tunnel. T...
How can dogs pick up objects from the ground so much without getting sick?	[ "Dogs just have a more powerful/tolerant immune system regarding that kind of stuff since...well, they are still used to eat things off the ground as opposed to most humans. If you'd were raised from birth eating stuff off the ground everywhere, you'd probably have a much higher tolerance to it too. (Note: Please d...	[ "It's just in their DNA. Even now, science can't fully explain the phenomena we call \"instincts\", even though we can see them in action, and have them ourselves." ]
Why are the capitals of most American states small-to-medium-sized cities and not large economic centres?	[ "Many states chose to put the capital near the geographic center. However, economic centers are usually located near large bodies of water -- which usually form the borders, rather than the centers, of states." ]	[ "Occupations have a limit to how much you make. A person with a job can't just have their pay keep increasing as long as they work, they are just paid what the position is worth. The amount is determined by hours. Employees are also the biggest expense in a business so it'd hurt the business more to keep increasing...
How would water behave on a terraformed Mars? Would huge waves swell on the ocean? Would the rivers flow more slowly? Would clouds rise higher before it started to rain?	[ "[Mars is unable to hold onto its atmosphere as a result of its inconsistent magnetic field](_URL_0_). This means that its air pressure is low, which means that [liquid water evaporates](_URL_1_). So if you were to terraform mars, the first thing you'd have to do would be to somehow make its magnetic structure comp...	[ "The amount of oxygen the pit (seed) gets affects the prosperity of the plant. When you put it in water, you don't fully submerge it, only partially by holding it up with toothpicks, so the seed is getting oxygen. When you put it in waterlogged soil, the water fills in all the empty pore space, leaving no room for ...
how can they continue to discover more chambers in the pyramids year after year	[ "Several reasons: * Better technology. Many chambers were detected by sonar or radar. They would send a signal through the stones and listen for irregular echoes. Today's sonar and radar imaging techniques are better than they were in the past. The equipment is more sensitive, uses different frequencies, and with d...	[ "One must question the motives of the ones putting forward such theories in the first place. As History Channel demonstrated with \"Ancient Aliens\", which is still going strong, putting forward outlandish or controversial programs can generate ratings for relatively little production cost." ]
Am I getting more petrol if I fill up on a cold day compared with a warm day?	[ "This idea is a myth. First of all the fuel is housed underground so it undergoes minimal density change. Secondly, The basic facts are correct, but the advice is not. Gasoline does expand and contract a little depending on its temperature. When gasoline rises from 60 to 75 degrees F, for instance, it increases in ...	[ "The movie was [Days of Thunder](_URL_0_) and he was talking about [Slipstreaming or Drafting](_URL_1_). As to your question, this depends on * The velocity of the cars * Geometry of both cars * Atmosphere status (temperature, rain, snow ... although they have very little effect at higher speeds) On the street it's...
How did scientists figure out that the mantis shrimp can see 12 different wavelengths if humans can only see three?	[ "They extracted the proteins from the retina of the Mantis Shrimp. We have three types of cone cells in our eyes that are activated when differing wavelengths of light hit them. The mantis shrimp is the same, except they found up to 12 different types of detectors; each for a slightly different wavelength. The real...	[ "They just guess what colors should be there. For example we know what color the grass, sky, or skin color would be. Things such as a shirt, wall paper, or a book would just be our best judgement." ]
What does it mean when it's said that a country has a strong economy ?	[ "The term \"strong economy\" doesn't have a technical meaning. The simplest interpretation is that a \"strong economy\" is one where the total production of goods and services is growing quickly. This is usually quoted as GDP growth. There can be many other interpretations of strength - unemployment, inflation, pr...	[ "Say you're in class, and good work provides results in jelly beans from the teacher. These are super jelly beans, and you need 10 beans a day to survive. So any amount of 10 beans is luxury. You work hard and you earn 20 beans, but in order to get those beans you used pencils and paper provided to you. Therefore ...
If we see with our eyes, how come nobody has invented a prosthetic eye that can restore vision?	[ "not all vision problems stem from the actual visual organs. There could be something wrong to the path that leads to the brain or the part of the brain that processes vision. We have created replacements, but they are not quite up to the standard that naturals eyes are at." ]	[ "Several reasons, one, they are very expensive to build, two, the power transmission infrastructure is also very expensive to build, three, you'd still need power supply to make up for night, and times when the wind is too low/high. Four, someone will always be against any major project, and tie you up in court for...
Why did modern Western diet shy away from eating animal organs?	[ "Many Swedish traditional dishes contain animal organs. Pölsa contains liver and heart of pig. Lungmos was nearly the same thing, but included lugns. Leverpastej, paté of liver is still a very common sandwhich spread in Sweden. Blodpudding, blood pudding/black pudding is a common meal as well. Liver in stew...	[ "Hi OP, this is a cultural question, so it would greatly assist anyone considering answering if you could specify which culture you're asking about. For example, the name of a cultural group / country / geographic region, plus a rough time period. Otherwise, this question is simply too broad, as it encompasses almo...
Why do some electrical plugs need to be plugged in the right way (i.e. turned "right side up") and why does it not matter for some of them?	[ "ELIF version - In the united states one blade of the plug is wider than the other so it must be inserted the correct way. Other countries achieve this with other keying systems. These plugs are polarized meaning one connector is the neutral and the other is the energized connector. These polarized plugs allow the ...	[ "Early maps were made at all sorts of orientations, it wasn't unusual to see east at the top for example (chosen, we believe, because that's where the sun rises). Over time maps became more important as boundaries became clearer and especially because charts began to be made for navigation at sea. The standard that...
How do Lego bricks not lose tension/force through repetitive play?	[ "It's how the bricks are made. The LEGO term is \"clutch power\". You have the top cylinders on the top of the bricks and then on the inside you have inner cylinders. They do give out but after a LONG time. Here's an example _URL_0_" ]	[ "Prototyping. Creator makes a prototype version of the puzzle out of cheap pieces/paper/whatever and if it's proven to work it can be reproduced with more lasting materials." ]
What happens to devices, like Galaxy Note 7, after recall?	[ "They are most likely recycled, the rare earth metals in them are wayyyyy too expensive to just through away. Most likely they are stripped down to their separate base components and then those pieces are remanufactured into usable and hopefully less flammable pieces." ]	[ "To answer a little more specific from the perspective of a Californian and answering directly about PG & E: They’re simply going to have to pay a fine. Maybe someone higher up in the company gets a sentence. That’s really it. This isn’t the 1st, and it certainly won’t be the last, time that PG & E is responsible ...
Why do all major radio stations go on commercial break at the same time?	[ "In the US, broadcast radio and television stations are required to send a station identification at the top of the hour (or close to it, at a \"natural break\" in programming). Most stations will put one of their commercial breaks at the same time. Because the cycle is regular, most stations will also tend to use ...	[ "They're either on a timer or on a sensor. Ever approach an intersection and see vertical and horizontal cuts in the pavement? That's where workers buried the sensors. Those work by detecting metal, not the weight of the vehicle." ]
If 100% of the population smoked cigarettes on a daily basis, would evolution cause us to become 'immune' to the carcinogens?	[ "I would have to say no. Most of cigarettes lethal affects occur after multiple decades of their use. The cancer caused from smoking occurs after our reproductive years so any benefit one would gain from a mutation that resisted the carcinogens would not alter their reproductive success. Evolution only occurs when ...	[ "He dosent communicate. What happens is that you removed him from the gene pool, he can no longer reproduce. But all the mosquitos who didn't get hit can reproduce, so they can pass on whatever trait they have that allowed them to not get hit. So over time all the mosquitos that can get hit do and die, and all the ...
Why is photosynthesis so inefficient?	[ "Because evolution isn't the process of achieving perfection. It is the process of achieving \"good enough.\" It is possible a method of increasing photosynthetic efficiency could be engineered, but that doesn't mean it would be a reproductive advantage for photosynthetic life, and reproduction is what drives evolu...	[ "In the book Guns Germs and Steel Jared Diamond explains a lot of history using New Guinea and Australian aborigines. One things he discusses was how farming was difficult in many geographies due to lack of beasts of burden and easily harvestable nutrient rich crops like corn or rice. There was a higher return on i...
What is the not com movement? What is wrong with .coms? How are not coms better?	[ "\"not coms\" are more descriptive. Lets say I have a car company called JibberJabber. Since my name is non descriptive, most people wouldnt know what _URL_0_ would sell. Using the new domain names, I can now have JibberJabber.auto. Now people will know that JibberJabber is something related to automobiles." ]	[ "The original file has data. The compressed file just describes the data using fewer words or letters than the original file. Here's a simple example. Let's say I want to send you a file with a million A's in it. Each letter is one byte, so to send you the file, I'd have to send 1 million bytes to you. That's a l...
Why don't people build their own cars, much like enthusiasts build their own computers?	[ "Your home PC isn't a multi-ton chunk of metal that hurtles down public places at speeds which can easily kill others. This is why the government issues licenses to verify automobiles as being safe enough to drive and doesn't do something similar for computers. Getting a license for a one of a kind automobile is co...	[ "Becsuse all tux's basically look the same, just different sizes and are a basic loose fit. Easy for many men to wear the same thing. But theres a bajillion styles of wedding dresses and different styles for different shapes and they're usually fitted. Odds of finding a generic sized dress in a style you like that ...
What is a joke, how do you classify a “joke”?	[ "It sounds like she's doing fine figuring out jokes on her own, I think what's most important is your response. If she says something that you don't think counts as a joke just say something along the lines of \"interesting but I don't quite think it's for me\" Try explaining it as \"a joke is something that catch...	[ "Suppose there are tax brackets of $100, $200, with rates of 10, 20 percent. The first $100 of your income is taxed at 10%. If you make a dollar, the tax is 10 cents; if you make the full $100, the tax is $10. Now, what happens when you bump your income up to $101. If we did it your way, the tax would be 101 * 20%,...
How do the grooves in records actually make sound?	[ "When they're recorded, a needle cuts into the wax at various depths based on the amount of vibration caused by the original sound. Then when they're played back, it works in reverse: as the needle passes through the grooves and moves up and down over the contours of the vinyl (which match the contours made by the ...	[ "Tiny scratches or holes are punched in the disc by a CD/DVD/Blu-Ray Burner. When the CD/DVD/Blu-Ray is read, a Red(CD/DVD) or Blue(Blu-Ray) laser is used to detect the holes and scratches so they can be read as binary code." ]
Does the sport you play while going through puberty affect your body type for the rest of your life?	[ "The book, \"The Sports Gene\" touches on this quite a bit. Your genetics play a the part in how these differentials occur. You may have received the gene for larger muscle growth and due to the type of training you may have received in wrestling your body may have had the ability to express that gene, more so then...	[ "Why would it have to be genetic? Maybe they just learned how to cope with heat when they were growing up in hot places. Anyway, there are a couple of very old biological principles about how [endothermic](_URL_0_) (\"warm-blooded\") species are expected to adapt to different climates. [Bergmann's rule](_URL_2_): t...
Does salt really make water boil faster?	[ "You add salt to boiling water when making pasta for flavor. The amount of salt you would need to raise boiling point or lower freezing point significantly is way more than you would put in there. Source: chemist. Also, don't add salt until right after you add the pasta. It really is for flavor." ]	[ "While common sense says \"No\", newton's third law and all that, Mythbusters have actually proven that it DOES work due to some clever physics. Its similar to how old ships used to sail against the wind and all that." ]
How come my computer has no problem rendering modern games at 60fps+ but it might take hours to render a single frame of a 3d model in Blender/Maya or other modeling software	[ "The models used in those programs are much more complex, for one. Second, the algorithms used to render those scenes are much more complex. They take into account things like reflecting light and such. The more reflections you take into account, the more processing has to be done... exponentially." ]	[ "Ray tracing is when rays that are going to the camera (or view) hot an object, and then multiple rays are projected out from that point of Orgin, to the various light sources, those rays either intersect with other objects, or reach their light source, depending on where the rays land information is taken and calc...
What is at the center of our galaxy?	[ "We have strong evidence to show that there is a super-massive blackhole that we call [Sagittarius A*](_URL_1_) which sits at the galactic center. You can see here some stars orbiting a small but very dense object at the galactic center which we believe is a black hole. around it is a region of very high stellar de...	[ "When a lot of stuff floats around it tends to group up... as those groups form they get more and more attracted to eachother. The more stuff there is the more gets attracted (gravety). Eventually there is so much stuff that the middle gets very hot! Everything there turns into this super dense ball. it keeps pulli...
Why is the guillotine's blade shaped like that?	[ "It focuses the force on one spot and allows it to make a clean slice through the neck, killing in one blow rather than potentially taking several hits. Edit: this is the same reason when you're cutting something, you don't just drop the knife flatly against it, you angle the blade to get a clean slice." ]	[ "Bra design trends. It was an exaggeration of the hourglass figure and intended to highlight femininity. The trend died out with the rise of the women’s lib movement." ]
Why does the UFC still use PPV?	[ "they still make a shit ton of $ of PPV buys, way more than the extra exposure they would get on free tv. UFC got 8.3 million buys in 2016. multiply that by whatever the cost of the ppv is. that's a lot of cash. the fighters in boxing and ufc fight maybe once or twice a year. whereas basketball and baseball play v...	[ "There are different rates for views of ads on the internet compared to ads on tv. Also, ads on TV can't really be blocked, so people are more likely to see the ad on tv rather than on the web, so advertisers will pay more." ]
What's the purpose of men wearing ties and why/where did they originate?	[ "It originates with Croatian mercenaries working in France. They wore scarves around their necks as part of their traditional military outfit; the French thought they looked so stylish that they adopted the habit, and from there, ties were born. The word \"cravat\" is a French corruption of the word \"Croate\". [...	[ "This is a very common question. You can use search to find [all the other really good answers](_URL_0_ ). This is instant, and faster than ust typing in your question every time. It's a way of cheating elections. Read the others, and then ask a more specific question." ]
why does the new sprint cut your bill in half promotion not include T-Mobile?	[ "Because some of us on T-Mobile pay $35 a month for 200 minutes, unlimited text, and unlimited data (full speed capped at 2.5GB/mo). Sprint would probably lose money taking customers at $17.50 a month for all that." ]	[ "Hiya. I do quite a bit of cell culture, so here goes. I would assume that the GS Supplement is causing your problem. A precipitate forming is certainly a major issue. I'm assuming that the Glutamic acid was what salted out, and is essential for Glutamine synthesis. As for the nucleotides instead of the nucleoside...
Laser vortex singularity	[ "If you have a system where, in the frame of reference where the net momentum is zero, the event horizon encompasses the entire system, then you will get a black hole. This applies even if the constituents are only photons. Individual photons, incidentally, don't have an event horizon, because there is no proper in...	[ "There is indeed a mechanism to guarantee this. It's called the [interrupter gear](_URL_0_) and it makes it physically impossible to fire into your own propeller. Good question!" ]
What are classes in C++?	[ "Classes are related to object-oriented programming. In particular, a class is essentially a \"blueprint\" for an object, which is a bit of code and data that acts as a small module in your program. By combining and recycling objects that communicate and work with one another, it's possible to build a very complex ...	[ "Imagine you are a travelling salesman, and you spend most of your time driving from place to place across the country. Today you need to get from Denver to Dallas. You could use High Level Navigation. You know how to get from Denver to Wichita, Wichita to Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma City to Dallas. String those to...
If the universe is constantly expanding, how do we know an approximation of how many atoms there are in the universe?	[ "We don't. We know an approximation of how many atoms there are in the observable universe, which is occasionally referred to as \"the universe\" because people are lazy." ]	[ "We don't. The concept of things being greater than we can perceive is kinda the only thing that keeps religion going. It is not just possible but probable that we are part of a larger structure of some sort. Unlike, say, mites we have a brain capable of understanding it though. We just have to get a better picture...
Why do our hands and feet get dry more /faster than the rest of our skin?	[ "I agree with the other poster regarding clothing but also there’s a few more reasons - first because you tend to use your hands and feet more- washing up, walking etc so there’s the trauma element. Secondly the skin on the soles of your feet and palms of your hands tends to be thicker than average skin so the lay...	[ "Your body can't dissipate heat as well at 75-80 degrees as it might at 50 degrees, so it needs extra help at dissipating the heat. Even though your temperature is 98 degrees you are ALWAYS creating heat and your body is ALWAYS getting rid of heat. So if the environment makes it take longer to get rid of the same a...
how does food or liquid go down your throat and through your body when you’re upside down?	[ "Gravity has very little to do with digestion. It's all pushed through your system via muscle contractions (kinda like a snake moving, but inside out)" ]	[ "Yes, we understand this is a NSFW thread. Please refrain from commenting \",\" to save it. This isn't AskReddit or a \"Fap Later\" thread. It's an thread talking about the anatomy of taking large objects into your body. If it turns you on that much, [Reddit Gold gives you the ability to save comments](_URL_1_).....
How does a coffee maker make water very hot so much faster than boiling water over a burning stove?	[ "A typical drip coffee machine has a set of tubing that runs from the bottom of the reservoir, into the burner below the coffee pot, and back up to above the grinds. When water goes down this tubing, it passes a one-way valve, so that the water that gets heated never mixes back with the reservoir. This means that a...	[ "If you pass current though a wire it is going to make a magnetic field around it. Similarly if you change the magnetic field around a wire you will make a current in the wire. So if you have two coils of wires close together and continuously alter the direction of the current though one you will get an alternating...
Did Romans see Sol Invictus as some kind of monotheistic main god, with “lesser” gods (Apollo, Jupiter, etc.) being manifestations of him?	[ "Follow up question: Was the 'Sol Invictus' which gained popularity the same religion/deity as Elagabalus, which was pushed by the ill\\-fated emperor which took the same name? Also, what was the relation between these sun cults and the earlier monotheistic cults, like the cult of Mithras? #" ]	[ "How would we know what an \"average citizen\" thought? Every text we have is produced by the elite class. Whether people lost friends or family is impossible to know in the specifics. We do know that military disaster did not affect the political careers of the generals involved. Rosenstein in Imperatores Victi ...
Why do I hate the sound of my own voice in videos and audio recordings?	[ "When you hear your own voice as you speak, sound is partly transmitted though your bones in skull plus through air. In recorded voice, there no bones involved, and you hear how you sound to your friends. _URL_0_" ]	[ "A lot is also due to comparison. When one watches the news, they see footage from 10,000$ + studio cameras. These shoot full HD and are tripod mounted, so a shaky camera phone, which isn't the same quality as the studio will be noticed more." ]
Why haven't all oil refineries in Daesh terrority just been bombed?	[ "Why would this be a good idea? There are people living in these areas and working at these plants. They would lose their source of fuel and/or be killed. This would not make them happy with the bombers. They would see this as outsiders destroying their stuff, and cause them to seek a stronger local militia to prot...	[ "Not enough energy to. It's like lighting a match in a snow storm and expecting it to melt everything. Sure, the match is hot, but theres a lot more cold than there is hot." ]
Why do the forces/speed when you’re in the passenger seat/back seat feel so much more severe than in the drivers sea?	[ "I'm pretty sure it's because when you're in the driver's seat you're operating the vehicle, you're in control of the forces and speed and your body automatically compensates, knowing what you're about to make the vehicle do. Where the passengers are only reacting to the outside forces." ]	[ "Think about looking at your reflection in a window. If it's dark inside of the window, it's pretty easy to see your reflection because most of the light coming to your from the glass is from the reflection. If someone turns on the light, or it's bright behind the window, most of the light is coming through the gla...
So I just heard gravity is weaker than some other forces. What does that mean exactly?	[ "There are four fundamental forces: The two nuclear forces, electromagnetic force, and gravity. When we say gravity is weak, it is in relation to those forces. Gravity is the weakest of the four. A simple test you can do to prove this to yourself: find a magnet and some paper clips. Use the magnet to pick up the pa...	[ "Picking up a chair you are sitting on doesn’t work because the force you exert upwards on the stair is cancelled by the force your butt exerts on the chair downwards. Instead, picture jumping out of an airplane. While you are in freefall, you can twist, spin, and flip your body in any direction. The earth itself ...
If photons are massless, then why do they have momentum and produce a force? And if light has energy wouldn't that mean it has mass?	[ "You're thinking of it the wrong way. Instead of thinking everything with energy has mass. Think of it as mass is a way of storing energy. This is how things that don't have mass have momentum... they have energy. The formulae that use mass is just a simplification." ]	[ "Basically, [information has energy](_URL_0_). Note that information in the scientific sense isn't technically the same as information in the normal layman sense, but it's kind of similar (for the purposes of the calculation, we're assuming they're equivalent). So once you figure out approximately [how much data is...
How to browse the deepweb without going to jail.	[ "For starters \"deep web\" isn't just underground, illegal stuff. It's just shit that's not easily found by search engines. If your company has an internal website, that's \"deep web\". If a page requires you to log in, that's \"deep web\". Secondly, the odds of a site that allows you to hire a hit man being real a...	[ "Just go to green areas of Google Maps. If someone sees you and stops you, just explain you thought it was a national forest/park like in Google Maps. During hunting season people park by roads and walk into forests all the time." ]
When did the North Star start being referred to as such? Was it really an important part of navigation? Are there any particular routes that couldn't have been done without it?	[ "The North Star was a vital navigational tool before the invention of the compass and other technological aids. However, the North Star has not always been Polaris, and it won't be Polaris in the future. There have been long stretches of history where there was no effective North Star. This is due to [axial prece...	[ "Who is the first female central/standalone protagonist of a science fiction story that is not explicitly about gender (or makes gender a component of a portrayed utopia/dystopia)? How about a novel or serial-published-as-novel? For purposes of this question, assume SF is roughly a 20th+ century genre." ]
Why is it legal for a police officer to lie to me about the law ?	[ "An example would be a police officer telling a person that filming them is illegal." ]	[ "they don't get reported. if you were in charge of declaring ads illegal, would you occupy yourself with technically harmless internet advertising? sucks, you wouldn't have a choice." ]
How can NASA's New Horizons send photos of Pluto back to Earth?	[ "First of all, it isn't _millions of lightyears_. Secondly, the beam is focused, and the bitrate is very very slow. The pictures get sent over an extended period of time, and the image is checked for missing data continuously, which is filled in with the redundant data the probe sends out." ]	[ "> I see pictures like this: _URL_0_ and long to see this sight for myself. I think those types of pictures are taken using decent cameras with high ISO settings and a long exposure time (maybe 25 seconds or more). They don't reflect what you'd see with the naked eye, unfortunately. Here's one photographer's rendit...
How far does electricity travel in water?	[ "Pure water is actually a pretty effective insulator, at 70+MV/m, vs air's 3MV/m (and vaccuum at 10MV/m). In fact, not a lot of naturally occurring substances are much better insulators than water. So the technical answer is \"one meter per 70MV\". But that's not really your question. I suspect you're actual...	[ "Back in the cold war days, many small \"bug\" radio transmitters in Britain worked by rectifying BBC Radio 1, a powerful radio station that blankets that nation. Instead of trying to incorporate and hide a battery, spies would run a little wire out from the bug to pick up tiny amounts of power from the aether. The...
Why does it take NASA so long to release photos and other information to the public after they obtain it?	[ "If you are talking about Pluto, the data rate from that distance is so slow that it will take many more months for everything to be sent back to us. And of course, in general, they have to make sure they edit out any evidence of aliens." ]	[ "The mirrors are much larger than the hubbles and we didn't have the manufacturing technology to make them in one piece. The hexagons were chosen as they are the simplest shape you can make, requiring the least amount of precise cuts that will not create a continuous line while retaining symmetry in two axises. If ...
What would happen if two tidal waves hit one another in the middle of an ocean?	[ "You get a super position of waves. The waves would add up. Where the 2 peaks align, you would get a wave twice as high (assuming equal waves), where a peak meets a trough, you would get no wave. As they parted, you the waves would look unchanged. This can lead to some freak waves, where a large number of tiny wave...	[ "Yes! The child would be what is called a [chimera](_URL_0_)! He/she would have some areas of the body made of the twin's cells and some of its own cells. There was actually an instance where a chimera woman almost lost her kids because they were found to be not a genetic match, but they actually were hers and *her...
What's the first known incidence of a work of fiction produced in installments?	[ "I can't speak to it being the earliest but my mind immediately jumped to the 10th century Maqamat of Hamadani as being an example of \"episodic\" fiction in Arabic. The basic setup involves the narrator, Isa ibn Hisham, travelling to a new city or entering a new place, encountering some situation where he encounte...	[ "Not a historian, just someone who likes to lurk and learn new things, but I can maybe point you to a few similar questions I’ve seen about kids and their obsessions while you wait to hear from an expert. [This post](_URL_2_) has an ancient Roman source from u/rkiga that mentions a toddler obsessed with birds. Furt...
Do fish not feel pain like mammals do? Why is it so acceptable for us to do things like shove our fingers in their gills or drag them around by hooks in their mouths?	[ "Nobody knows. There brains are simpler than a mammal's. But they still react to pain and such. On the other hand, it's not difficult to make a computer program that reacts to \"pain\", and few people would consider that sentient. It probably mostly comes down to tradition and the fact that they're not as cute. If ...	[ "In short, Neuroplasticity. Pain and pleasure are both literally \"just in your mind\". By that, I mean that what our minds interpret as pain or pleasure is dictated by the firing of certain neurons in our brains. The pain and pleasure areas lie fairly closely together in the brain. Neurons from one \"area\" can gr...
When a worm gets split in two, how do both halves remain alive and seemingly react to things?	[ "In the long term, a bisected earthworm won't survive to make two new worms (although flatworms like planaria can survive being chopped into bits). An earthworm has a heart and a brain and other necessary organs up near the front. In the short term, muscles and nerves can continue to function for quite some time af...	[ "Yes! The child would be what is called a [chimera](_URL_0_)! He/she would have some areas of the body made of the twin's cells and some of its own cells. There was actually an instance where a chimera woman almost lost her kids because they were found to be not a genetic match, but they actually were hers and *her...
Earthquakes in Antarctica, do you feel them?	[ "They would feel the earthquake. The low frequency of earthquake waves would be somewhat attenuated by the rock-ice transition, but they would still be felt. Since the question isn't particularly specific I assume that the quake is a monstrous one, not small enough to be attenuated to the point of being unnoticed."...	[ "The speed of sound is dependent on temperature; _URL_0_ There are probably other effects going on too, ie it may be that your area has less wind during cold snaps because of local geography & weather patterns." ]
When was the last air-to-air dogfight?	[ "The Ethiopian AF shot down several Eritrean AF aircraft in Feb 1999, and since they almost certainly lack BVR weapons, this would count as a dogfight, and comes close to the NATO/Yugoslav engagements in 1999 as well." ]	[ "Follow-up question; when did the Greek phalanx go out of fashion in favour of the Macedonian style, and why?" ]
What is the impact of the radiation from Fukushima on North Americans living on the west coast? Are the foods we eating really poisoning us?	[ "No. The levels of radiation that are affecting any foodstocks are tiny. You could get more radiation exposure by eating a banana." ]	[ "So the TL:NR is going to be \"That line doesn't really do jack\" here's why: Like someone using music or audio without consent saying \"Blahbity blah belongs to such and such, no claim to copyright is made\" or some such gives you no legal protection in court should that person decide to sue you the same is going ...
What cultural, economic, sociological, and political effects did the development of iron have on the world.	[ "You mean the Iron Age? There are a plenty books on that subject. Or am I missing something?" ]	[ "hi everyone! just a reminder to respondents to be mindful of this sub's [\"20-year rule\": no discussion of events/conditions post-1994 please](_URL_0_)! thanks! OP, if you'd like to carry on this discussion for more recent years, consider x-posting this question to /r/AskSocialScience." ]
How can crows be so much smarter than other animals, even though their brains are so tiny by comparison?	[ "Brain size doesn't correlate with \"intelligence\". Octopus are another great example. There are varieties of birds that have learned to adapt to human civilization. For example, a species of seagull (I think) has learned to wait on top of lampposts and wait for cars to crush snails before swooping down to pick up...	[ "because they dont understand glass. on their way in they just follow their noses, which leads right through the opening. but on their way out they might not have that smell to guide them, they're just heading to the light, and they have no way to know that one bright section is open and another is covered in glass...
How common was suicide in medieval Europe?	[ "Hey! You might be interested in an earlier answer of mine: * [How common of an issue was suicide in the Middle Ages?](_URL_0_) It links to a couple even earlier answers I've written, too. I hope this helps!" ]	[ "If you're new to the thread, please don't post the Mythbusters episode again. Mythbusters is entertaining but it's not history (or more specifically, it's not historical proof of anything.) The short answer is no, not that we know of. /u/davidaop, our pirate expert, and I have both answered [questions about th...
Why did the Paris Commune fail?	[ "Followup on the part about the marxist point of view: \"The Civil War in France\" by Karl Marx is considered the fundamental Marxist text on the Commune, how accurate is it historically? I know much more must have been discovered that Marx could not have had access to, is there a modern work that is recommended? I...	[ "This question is getting a lot of traffic after being [tweeted by @reddit](_URL_5_), so I thought I'd welcome those of you that haven't visited /r/AskHistorians before to the subreddit. Please do bear in mind that in order to keep the quality of answers here high we have [strict rules on comments](/r/AskHistorians...
Why is it my phone can have an 8 core processor, 2Gb ram, built in screen, can play graphically demanding games and everything, but then doesn't need any help in cooling, while a computer with more or less the same specs will need a cpu fan, proper airflow in the case, a fan on the gpu, etc?	[ "Because the design of the chips is made such that even though it's a quad core processor, it doesn't run as fast/hot as a desktop quad-core. they're designed to run slower so as to not overheat. And have you felt the back of a phone after it's been recording video or something for more than 5 minutes? I use a dash...	[ "This depends on the vapor pressure of water in the air. If the vapor pressure is below saturation at 37 C, there is some chance that the body will be losing heat from water evaporating from the skin. In this case the fan blowing at you may make you cooler. If the vapor pressure of water equals the saturation pre...
Australian Election: Liberal vs Labor	[ "Maybe check this out. _URL_0_ Asks you a bunch of questions about your opinions on things then tells you who to vote for." ]	[ "I feel like this question is a bit outside of this subreddit's scope, it's really more of an economics question, plus if you look at [this graph](_URL_0_) then you can see that they were at very similar levels until around 20 years ago when they diverged, so anything following that violates the subreddits 20 year ...
How do people in wheelchairs manage to stay at a average weight while not being able to exercise?	[ "They can exercise, they just can't stand up and run." ]	[ "In The Recollections of Rifleman Harris, they walked, everywhere. I mean miles and miles and miles. All the time. That kind of constant movement will keep you trim. For example, when Harris enlisted, he walked to where his training and post were, then walked to port to take a boat to Ireland where he walked everyw...
Why the sun appears orange when it’s setting or rising, but looks whiteish any other time of the day.	[ "At sunrise and set the sunlight is travelling through more of the atmosphere. This absorbs more wavelengths of light and results in the orange colour. Sunsets are generally more colourful as dust and other particles have been kicked up through the day." ]	[ "We do have a fairly good method for enacting laws on a temporary or trial basis, and it's called a [sunset provision](_URL_1_). A sunset provision is basically an expiration date for a law or regulation that will cause the law or regulation to cease being in effect if the law or regulation is not reauthorized. Oft...
How does my stomach growl or my body make noises?	[ "> The physiological origin of this rumbling involves muscular activity in the stomach and small intestines. In general, the gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube that runs from mouth to anus and its walls are primarily composed of layers of smooth muscle. When the walls are activated and squeeze the tract's cont...	[ "It is supposed to be a natural reaction that our ancestors used to survive. It would keep them away from the nests of dangerous insects such as termites. It was the body's way of trying to avoid the danger and keep alive. If you believe in evolution you could say that it is part of evolution." ]
What kind of person would own a cat in medieval Britain?	[ "Oh my goodness, one of my first AH posts was on, as OP there put it, [\"crazy cat monks.\"](_URL_0_) Although it was definitely not just monks--there are plenty of stories of nuns and cats, and quasi-religious women (who did not take formal monastic vows but lived an especially pious life) and cats." ]	[ "I responded to a similar question a few months ago, if you're interested: * [How did people in the Middle Ages deal with Down’s Syndrome and autism?](_URL_0_) You might also be interested in Irina Metzler's new book, Fools and Idiots? Intellectual Disability in the Middle Ages. She's absolutely one of the, if no...
What led to the rise of Prussia as a European power during the 1800's?	[ "It's been answered [here](_URL_0_). I'm not a historian so I can't really add anything to it." ]	[ "Since apparently Feudalism never existed, does that mean that \"Personal\" politics weren't ever a thing? By personal politics I mean politics dominated by the bonds different men had to each other (For example, in a society dominated by personal politics the reason the Duchy of Burgundy would be part of France is...
How come during the 1950's, they were called 'Atomic' bombs, but were then called 'Nuclear' at the start of the Cold War?	[ "An atomic bomb works by splitting large atomic nuclei (fission) such as uranium or more usually plutonium, this releases quite a lot of energy. Hydrogen (Nuclear) bombs use an atomic bomb to ignite a nuclear fusion bomb - this is fusing hydrogen istopes together to form helium. This releases a lot more energy, esp...	[ "Mate, you're going to need to come up with a better example. That JFK cover is from 2013, ahead of the 50th anniversary of his assassination, a time when folks were inclined to overlook JFK's flaws. The 1968 Nixon cover is an allusion to the popular belief that Nixon lost the 1960 presidential election because of...

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