Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Is there some mathematical way to determine whether ice cream melts faster in a cone or in a bowl? Or is it the same?	[ "Yes, this basically comes down to what has greater thermal conductivity, a cone or a bowl. Thermal conductivity is generally measured in Watts per meter Kelvin (W/(m*k)) things with high thermal conductivity will tend to efficiently absorb heat from the ambient temperature and conduct it to the ice cream, thus mel...	[ "Your whole high school is in the gym for an assembly. The presentation comes to an end and everyone needs to leave all at once. If you never open the doors, people will never leave. If you open one door, how long will it take for everyone to leave? If you open all the doors, how long will it take for everyone t...
Why do golfballs have dimples?	[ "The story sounds like something someone made up to tell their 8 year old in an attempt to get them to bed once and for at all 8:30PM. Golf balls used to be smooth. Some time ago a bunch of old white men in funny coloured clothing found out that worn golf balls with scratches and holes actually flew further than ne...	[ "Easier for machines to fill them that way instead of having to add another step of mixing, and the fruit probably settles during packaging and transport anyways." ]
Fruit on the Bottom Yogurt	[ "Easier for machines to fill them that way instead of having to add another step of mixing, and the fruit probably settles during packaging and transport anyways." ]	[ "In the 90's Folgers introduced these and they are still available. Great for backpacking _URL_0_" ]
How long does someone elses DNA last inside an individual who received donated blood?	[ "Generally speaking, you're not getting any DNA in donor blood. Red blood cells don't contain DNA (overly-simplified, they technically have some), and the donation process filters out proteins and other stuff dissolved in the blood. Plus, you don't really have free DNA floating around in your serum, either. When yo...	[ "It lives in people and animals -- just in smaller numbers when it's not \"in season.\" It does't go 100% out of circulation." ]
How much damage can a bullet do when it falls down after being shot up in the air?	[ "Depends if you fire it up or _straight up_ If you fire it straight up, the bullet will go up for a while and then start falling. It will loose its ballistic trajectory and fall at its [terminal velocity](_URL_0_) which is about [90 meters/second](_URL_1_). With 60 m/s being enough to break skin, it could do damage...	[ "It varies, but not much individually. The problem is when everyone does it. It's kind of like why you're taught not to pick a flower from a garden when growing up. You alone, picking one flower, is not going to be noticed, it's not going to affect the plant or garden overall, but if everyone picks just 1, very s...
Why are lakes, reservoirs and small ponds always green but the ocean is clear?	[ "Uh, the ocean is kinds green in most places. The color of water has everything to do with what exactly is suspended in it. Water with a lot of algae and other organic matter in it tends toward green/brown." ]	[ "There are lots of ways for animals to traverse the earth, not to be trite. Addressing your specific example, this wiki. _URL_1_ Indonesia was at one time linked to the rest of the islands in that part of the world, when sea levels were lower due to so much water being bound up in polar glaciers. When the glaciers...
How does rabies induce hydrophobia (aversion/fear of water) into a victim? What is causing it?	[ "u/ToxiClay is correct and there is a [really good episode of Radiolab](_URL_0_) that tells her story, including interviews with the patient and her doctor. They also go a bit into the answer to your question. Worth a listen." ]	[ "In addition to the concept of activation (mentioned by another poster here), the most common layman's usage of \"becomes radioactive\" simply means \"gets contaminated with radioactive material.\" So, for example, let's say a nuclear bomb is detonated. That blast releases both a bunch of direct, immediate radiat...
why do almost all Carnival operators have bad teeth?	[ "Many Carnies are people who can't get work at traditional jobs. A good portion of those are for living under the radar so to speak or simply not being able to deal with regular society. A lot of those folks also have drug issues. There is usually a pattern to certain types of bad teeth. Google images of \"meth mou...	[ "Not only is that reference of Parkes, Henry (1960). A History of Mexico. But also the following from Hyde, H. - Mexican Empire - The History of Maximilian and Carlota of Mexico > Maximillian agreed to wear spectacles but he refused to cut off his beard, as he said should he be recaptured he would look ridicul...
Why can't processors guarantee calculation of a known problem in constant length of time?	[ "CPUs may [1] guarantee _[instruction timings](_URL_0_)_ (latency & throughput). This is the level they operate on, after all. General-purpose CPUs are intended to execute general-purpose programs. In practice, this means they do not know (or care) what programs they will execute, as long as they conform to their I...	[ "at the easiest level, you take the executable binary files that the game is running. take the bits in the program and run them thru a math function called a checksum. the checksum produces a number. this number will change if any of the bits changes. the publisher knows what the unmodified binary's checksum nu...
why the British pound is still the strongest currency	[ "What do you mean by \"strong\"? Usually \"strong\" just means that people think it's doing well. Doing well usually means people think that it's useful to have their money in it. Often because the economy behind it is strong, stable, or important. In other words, \"strong\" isn't a very accurate term. It basically...	[ "The planned location right over the country's largest river probably has something to do with it." ]
why we need to have multiple types of screwdrivers/screws and not just one all-encompassing type?	[ "Actually each type has different applications. Wood screws have wider threads and are tapered . Machine screws have no taper and consistent threads. Sheet metal screws have extreme tapered thread with slight tightening thread pattern at top. Deck screws have two different threads of the same shaft. Drywall screws ...	[ "I have a chackboard with 100 words written on it. You ask me to delete every word that starts with A which there are 6 words. They're written randomly on the chalk board. I need to search for the words, and then neatly delete the words without deleting anything nearby. But you instead asked me to delete everythin...
What will change if Scotland votes for independence	[ "Would your typically working/middle-class englishman benefit from Scottish Independence? I'm not that great at keeping involved with these sorts of things but my brash understanding is that English tax money is not spread proportionally across the UK at the moment (for example, apparently, Scotland costs the NHS £...	[ "> empirical powerhouse Did you mean imperial? Because something is empirical if it's based on verifiable information, I doubt that's what you meant. Anyway, your question has been answered before, have a look at these threads: [To what extent is Portugal just another one of the Spanish kingdoms?](_URL_0_) [How did...
Forgive me for my ignorance, but what exactly was the purpose of the anti-lynching laws that kept being shot down? Aren't torture, murder, and aiding in the commission of a crime already against the law?	[ "Yes, but they would be crimes prosecuted by the local authorities, in a court with a local judge presiding over a local jury. All of which would be sympathetic to the lynchers and which would practically guarantee that they would get off scot-free. The purpose of the many different kind of anti-lynching laws was t...	[ "All chairs are furniture, but not all furniture are chairs. Because furniture might include sofas and tables, the second statement follows from the first. In formal logic, this is called a contrapositive. When a KKK member says that \"all blacks are niggers, but not all niggers are black,\" *he means that a \"ni...
How Does the Equipment in Hospitals/Labs Produce Gamma Rays in the MeV range?	[ "There are some common laboratory gamma ray sources (cobalt-60, potassium-40, sodium-22, cesium-137, etc.), but this will generally produce gamma rays of a few hundred keV to a few MeV. To produce very high energy gamma rays (up to ~ 100 MeV), you can use inverse Compton scattering in a free electron laser. An ex...	[ "Yes, these are called [Mesh Networks] (_URL_1_) and people have started building them in many cities around the world. Currently Hyperboria is the biggest and most popular one and it uses the [Cjdns] (_URL_0_) protocol. We have also started to see mesh networks operating at frequencies higher than 2.4 GHz used for...
Where do last names come from?	[ "A variety of things. Some were jobs - Smith comes from \"Blacksmith\" Others were locations - So if you are from the town of \"Dale\" you might be called \"Cawn of Dale\" which just got shortened to \"Cawn Dale\". Others were earned titles - So the last name \"Armstrong\" might have come from someone who was \"Str...	[ "Vinegar is Latin for “sour wine.” All you have to do is let wine go bad under certain conditions and you’ll get a mother eventually." ]
Why do prions only infect neural tissues, or is it that prion transmission elsewhere in the body are easier to clean up?	[ "Prions do not only infects neural tissues, it can be found throughout the body, However, due to the effect it causes, it become more significant when it is damaging neural tissues compare to say muscles tissues. There are some research regarding to Prions being in other tissues here as well. _URL_0_ However I don'...	[ "When we use the term \"information\" in this context, we really mean something rather mundane. The idea is this: In quantum mechanics, two distinct quantum states cannot evolve into the same state. Classical calculations indicate that any two black holes of the same charge, mass, and angular momentum are indisting...
If chairs/tables never wobble on 3 legs, why do we bother making them with 4?	[ "The problem with 3 legs is this pushes furniture designers into shapes that are triangular or round. If you have a square / rectangular table top but one side is only supported by one leg in the middle, you have two corners that - if enough weight is put on - could cause the table to tip. In a triangular or circul...	[ "It's all about having an atmosphere, since that's what helicopters need to fly. [This article explains it quite nicely ](_URL_0_) Here's a relevant quote: *\"Elysium was that—unlike an airplane cabin—its atmosphere wasn’t canned up in some hollow tube. A landing spacecraft could enter its air like it would on Eart...
Why do we forget something in a fraction of second that come in our mind?	[ "Your brain has several types of memory, with varying degrees of longevity. This includes sensory memory, working memory, and longer term memory. Our brains don't record long term memories exactly. Rather, they store enough information that the specific situation can be reconstructed later, albeit imperfectly. My b...	[ "That's just it. It takes a while to amass information and use it. An animal just does whatever comes natural, aka 'instinct'. But humans are taught and trained and learn and practice and... and... Layers and layers of information and training to get us to the point where we can actually achieve more than the previ...
Is it possible that the blue I see could be appear red in another person's eyes?	[ "There is not really a consensus and summarizing the different positions is difficult in a reddit comment. You could try researching \"inverted qualia\" and this stanford encyclopedia of philosophy entry is a good starting point: _URL_1_ To demonstrate how difficult the question is, I would like to point out that i...	[ "Actually, Isaac Newton studied the exact thing you are talking about. It's called a phosphene, and it's created by the stimulation of the retina by means other than light, such as a magnetic field or an electric current. In your case, it's simply the physical pressure exerted on your retina. [Source](_URL_1_)" ]
Why do shows and movies always seem to cast actors/actresses who are older than the characters they play?	[ "In the case of high school aged characters, actors who are over 18 have far fewer restrictions from labor law." ]	[ "Simply put for the same reason drinking water when you're not thirsty isn't as refreshing as when you're REALLY thirsty. Anticipating the bodies' needs doesn't trigger the same reward responses in the brain as fulfilling a need that is already present. Your muscles don't NEED to stretch right now, so you can't ant...
Why do we grow hair everywhere except the palms of our hands and feet?	[ "Hair needs a follicle to grow from the skin. On palms and soles the skin is too thick and contains too much keratin to allow hair follicles to form. As for the evolutionary reason, both palms and soles are sensory organs that need to be highly sensitive. Hair would stand in the way of that." ]	[ "Evolution. People who didn't get that weird feeling when dangling their limbs from the trees they were sleeping on were killed by cheetahs." ]
[Theory] How do historians - both in this subreddit and in the field as a whole - react to the theory of historical materialism promulgated by Karl Marx and his ideological descendants?	[ "You may also be interested in these previous posts about Marx's historical philosophy: * [To what extent did Marx's theory of historical materialism influence historical thinking in general?](_URL_0_) * [Marx vs. Weber: Who ya got?](_URL_1_)" ]	[ "Just to clarify what namer98 told us mods when asking if it was okay to post this: All questions need to be submitted to Professor Sarna by email before the AMA. It is not \"live\" like the AMAs we host here in AskHistorians. So, please go to that r/Judaism thread to post your questions before the time of ...
Why don't the gases that form stripes, circles and vortexes visible on Jupiter's surface blend together into a uniform, one-coloured and featureless mixture?	[ "Much like clouds on Earth, the Sun warms different parts of Jupiter to different degrees constantly introducing new imbalances." ]	[ "When you look at a single small light spot in the dark, does it have an [Airy Disk](_URL_0_) pattern? If so, it means your eyes are optically really good! The airy disk pattern shows up when a lens such as the eye focuses a single light source down to a spot. Because a limited column of light enters your eye, it c...
How does breathing in and out slowly help to calm our nerves?	[ "Firstly, possibly most importantly, it distracts and focuses the mind. Our minds are a bit like dogs, in that redirecting them distracts them. Secondly, it saturates the brain with oxygen, which is the opposite of what stress/distress does." ]	[ "I don't actually know the whole idea behind it but I believe it is intentional habit building. The idea being that if you spend 2 months acting like a character, their mannerisms, their way of thinking etc then when it comes time to actually shoot the scenes you will do these things naturally and subconsciously...
What happens during a seizure and what usually causes them?	[ "I'm a disability support worker so I come across them quite a lot. All I can say is that they present differently from person to person with a huge variety of causes. I work a lot with a young man in a wheelchair and he will have both full body shaking seizures as well as vacant seizures in which he is completely ...	[ "Hey man! [I made a video to answer your question](_URL_0_) If you don't want to watch the video I will just run over what I said in the video: - There are four stages of sleep, each one gets deeper and deeper. - There are two types of sleep, NREM and REM. REM only lasts about 90 minutes a night so it's pretty rare...
Do dogs see other breeds as dogs like them or as a whole different species?	[ "Unlikely, but it would be near impossible to really prove one way or the other. Important to note, though, that for dogs to see other dogs as the same species, they would have to have a concept of species, which they do not. They do have a sense of self though, and likely notice similarities with similar looking ...	[ "Because they recognize things that are not a threat, and they don't recognize people. Think of how comfortable you are around airplanes and helicopters, but what if an alien spaceship came along." ]
why does my pee come out in a straight line?	[ "The complete answer is not yet known, but the urine which is 95% water swirls its way down the urinary tract much like a bullet travelling through the barrel of a gun. This swirling allows the fluid to have a rotational momentum which is preserved as it exits. This provides the fluid a certain amount of stability ...	[ "Take a look at [Maxwell's equations](_URL_0_) in vacuum. The rate of change of B is related to the curl of E and the rate of change of E is related to the curl of B. The rate of change of a sine wave is greatest when it crosses the axis, and so is the curl (the direction of the field is opposite on either side of ...
What does if mean for a company to go into either 'administration' or 'liquidation', and what is the difference between them?	[ "Administration: Someone steps in to run the company until a buyer can be found, new founds can be found, or they decide to liquidate the company. Liquidation: You liquidate the companies assets. I.e. You convert the companies assets into a more liquid form. Liquid in a economical term that is, i.e. money. So in sh...	[ "Ask Reddit is for personal opinions, stories, and the like. Essentially subjective answers to questions without hard answers. Something like \"whats your favorite food\" is a good post there ELI5 is for getting a simplified answer or explanation to a question that you don't understand. A good thread here would som...
The difference between different Starbucks drinks.	[ "The chart is helpful, but for additional information: Espresso is essentially very strong coffee, so it's typically given in \"shots.\" You can drink this on its own, or its usually a base for the other \"fancy\" beverages that then add milk. So a latte will be an espresso with steamed milk, and a cappuchino is t...	[ "Thank you for this helpful post. As a mostly uneducated consumer on this topic, I have often wondered the answer to this very question. My primary concern is which one causes the least environmental damage to the actual earth after it's thrown away, as I recently found out that even though my town collects my recy...
If a person is floating in a pool of water and they are not touching the bottom, do they still get electrocuted when a strong electric current passes through the water?	[ "Flesh has a far higher resistance than water and lower resistance than air. This means that a current in a body of water you're in mostly travels around you. The problem with lightnings and pools is that the current in the form of a lightning will enter the water trough you, since you are higher up than the water ...	[ "To get shorted you must be an active part of the circuit. In particular, you should close to ground. On a wire, imagine there is current flowing. A bird on the wire is actually a resistor in parallel to an (almost) zero resistance resistor, which is the wire itself. The resistance of the bird is immensely higher t...
How do people groups who have met for the first time communicate?	[ "This is probably worth asking over in /r/askanthropolgy or /r/asklinguistics You can aslo see previous answers to similar questions in /u/drylaw response to _URL_1_ Or /u/bamabreeze505 response to _URL_0_ Or /u/tglucose response to _URL_2_ (he also suggests further reading via Empires of the World: A Language hist...	[ "It depends on how much money they had. In a one way migration from town to town, If they were poor or even middle class they had it on them in a physical way, either in cash, coinage, or mostly they bought supplies with it (wagon, oxen, rifles, etc) before they left. Later migrations they might have a check or a b...
Are more police shootings happening or are we just hearing about them more?	[ "I'd say it's combination of the two. Most cops (in America) are severely under trained, under immense pressure from quotas that their department issues and are undeniably racist. Couple all that with social media and boom." ]	[ "I used to work for our local TV station, Ch3 WEAR, in the master control department, and one of our jobs was to prep all commercials ran locally prior to them being loaded into our playlists. So, that meant checking captions, volume levels, run time, etc. If any of these were off by a certain margin, we had to con...
Why do old skits seem so fast?	[ "The film they were using back then didn’t have as many frames as we use today. Also a lot of the time they would speed up the film so like, driving scenes would look like they were traveling much faster." ]	[ "Stations charge by the second to run a commercial. Shaving down to the most recognizable parts after the long version has run saves money." ]
Humans have existed for thousands of years, why have we not yet adapted to the radiation of sun and still need sunscreen to protect us?	[ "Perhaps you are not familiar with dark-skinned people? That's exactly the adaptation you are talking about. Light-skinned people come mostly from northern and central Europe, where the sun is weak. Only in recent centuries have these people spread to sunnier places." ]	[ "The foods one I can answer. We evolved to like high caloric foods because we needed the calories when we were struggling to survive. Thus fatty or sugary foods taste good to us because it used to be great to eat them. Well now it's too easy to overindulge and weve made processed foods that have way more fat or sug...
Why can, and do, logic gates work? How come the electricity doesn't just go everywhere? How does it go forward and not backwards, and how does all this make logic gates possible?	[ "> What \"blocks\" the electricity off? A nifty little invention called a \"semiconductor\". You have probably heard this term before as being fundamental to the operation of various microchips, and it is this mechanism by which conduction along a wire can be controlled by the electrical input from a third wire. In...	[ "Great minds think alike. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why does it feel good to crack your back? ](_URL_3_) ^(_7 comments_) 1. [Why does it feel so good when I crack my back? ](_URL_6_) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What does \"cracking your back\" do, and why does it feel ...
How much is mathematical analysis actually useful for IT?	[ "It is very useful in computer science but rarely used in applied information technology. Universities usually teach you more theory than you will use on the job, in the hopes of giving you a more profound understanding and stronger thinking skills." ]	[ "Insurance companies try to get the very best price that you (or people like you) are will to pay. This involves the company using data analytics to find the perfect price point for every kind of customer. Source: I work in the industry. I build the rules that optimise prices." ]
Why do Younger demographics tend to be more liberal and older ones tend to be more conservative?	[ "Taxes. Young people don't have strong opinions on Capital Gains Tax, for example, because they don't have any yet. No strong opinions on Property Tax, because they don't own any yet. A lot of people have opinions about Estate Taxes....It's not nothing. I'm a lefty guy, but the idea that it sucks when the governmen...	[ "\"Just about everyone here\" Where is \"here\" for you? It sounds like your question's premise is based on a small sample set based on personal observation. Before your question is addressed, you should be making sure the premise is valid..." ]
- I often read that Native Americans succumbed to smallpox, measles, etc. How come the Europeans weren't infected with diseases from the Natives?	[ "They were. Syphilis was unknown to the rest if the world until it was brought back from the New World. Im sure there were more, but I cant think of any off the top of my head." ]	[ "In a word, maybe. In the documentary battleships, Naval Historian [Eric Grove](_URL_0_) makes the point that the combined French and Spanish fleet was not nearly as skilled and competent as Nelson's and that allowed him to exploit their poor gunnery and seamanship. What Nelson did was very unorthodox and if used a...
Why don't all cars use hemispherical piston heads if they are more efficient?	[ "This guy explains it very nicely: _URL_0_ Generally the idea of the hemi is good, but it is not very efficient when you design the layout of the valves and sparkplugs, and it is difficult to get a good compression in. Pent-roof is the way to go." ]	[ "It is, you just need hills. China does, it, anywhere that has a lot of hills does it. It just is not usually worth building a hill to put a reservoir on top of. The weight based one doesn't scale properly, and is a lot less safe, also the masses required are enormous, you might as well just build a hill for the re...
How does the stomach disallow acids into the intestines and bowels?	[ "The stomach itself doesn't disallow the acid into the rest of the plumbing; when the pyloric sphincter opens, chyme (the mix of food, ingested fluids, and stomach acid) flows into the duodenum of the small intestine. Here, the acid would present a hazard to the intestinal epithelium, so it is neutralized by added ...	[ "Yes, and that's one of the reasons natural birth and breast feeding is preferred over c-section and bottle feeding. It allows faster seeding of the GI tract." ]
Basic poker etiquette and simple strategies / things to know in order to play	[ "Before someone redirects me to [r/poker](_URL_1_), here are their required reading: * [r/poker New Player Guide](_URL_2_) * [Odds calculator](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "This thread seems to be accumulating multiple below standard posts. Remember, if you can contribute nothing more than your skills at using Google to find an article, please don't post. Ask yourself these questions: * Do I have the expertise needed to answer this question? * Have I done research on this question? *...
What tasks are faster to do with a computer that uses quantum processing (aka qubits) ? How faster it is compared to normal bits?	[ "We don't always know how fast a task can be done. (The most famous example of this is the P=NP question.) A lot of the things that people are excited about for quantum computing are problems like that. There are specific examples where people are excited about possible performance improvements. If you look at the ...	[ "Arranging the transistors in certain ways, we can create logical math gates, namely AND, OR, and NOT. These logic gates allow us to combine signals in a predictable and logical way. When we extend this into large binary strings, we can arrange these gates in a way that allow us to do more complex math. Read up on ...
Why is certain weather more common for a certain geographical location?	[ "Weather is produced by bodies of air. The properties of those air bodies (e.g. humidity and temperature) are controlled by the envionments with which they interact. Tornadoes are triggered when warm moist air interacts with cold dry air - Tornado Alley is particularly susceptible to these conditions, as it is at t...	[ "Some fossils were verrycommon in specific time periods. Thus when these fossils are found in the same \"gelogical\" layer as an index species they probably lived in the same time period. Hope this answers your question." ]
Is there any evidence of soldiers "switching sides" during the American Civil War?	[ "I can think of at least one example. Henry Morton Stanley, who later found British explorer David Livingstone, joined the Confederate Army and then switched to the Union Army after being captured at the Battle of Shiloh. I'm not sure how common this was or if it really answers your question since I doubt the swit...	[ "Not exactly Rome, but in very early Byzantium, racing fans where hugely influential in society. By the time of Justinian I, there were two big fanbases: the Greens and the Blues, based on the color of the racers' shirts. There used to be Reds and Whites as well, but they had been absorbed into the other two when t...
Why isn't the Winter Solstice the coldest day of the year?	[ "A lot of variables control temperature. Different air masses, cloud cover, and wind mixing are just as important to regulating temperature as radiative heating is. Assuming a constant air mass, a noticeable time lag in the global radiative heating balance appears. As summer progresses, more heat is entering the E...	[ "Now I am by no means a biologist, so I know I’m not answering or explaining but I can share a little of my own experience. I work free lance in the film industry so I will work long days weeks and hours for a period of time and then be unemployed while I try to arrange the next project. At the end of every shoot, ...
Why didn't the 13 Colonies just try to stretch themselves out West as far as possible instead of creating new states/territories?	[ "They tried. Many states had extensive land claims in the west - Connecticut claimed a band of territory bypassing New York and stretching to the Pacific, and sent settlers to what is now Pennsylvania's Wyoming valley and the area around Cleveland in Ohio. Massachusetts made a similar claim to portions of Michigan ...	[ "It may have cost a fair bit more in fuel - but the airline decided it was better to spend that and catch up so the plane would be in the right place for it's next trip in time and so the customers were happier." ]
How did owner let go of their slaves once it become illegal?	[ "The long and short of it is that it depends. Sharecropping was incredibly common. Sharecropping was the practice of dividing up plantation land and letting former slaves work there. The catch was their rent was a good portion of the crops which was paid to their former master. Many former slaves went into debt in ...	[ "Because politicians pass laws that appeal to emotion in order to get votes rather than actually analyze the existing law for necessary changes. A politician has a hard time running on bills he or she didn't help pass." ]
how does internet travel through cables as data? essentially what is it, and what effects its speeds?	[ "In a coaxial cable, the signal typically travels at 2/3 the speed of light. Fiber optic cables often have a different kind of glass in the core so the light travels at similar speeds." ]	[ "[This video explains quite well how it works online, specifically Youtube](_URL_0_) TL;DW: Youtube only sends information about changes between frames of a video. Since there is usually very little difference between 2 frames the server can just say \"ehhh take what you had last time, shift this part a tiny bit th...
How do chest compressions get the heart to start beating if stopped?	[ "Chest compressions don't, generally speaking, get the heart to start beating. Neither do defibrillators, despite what you see on TV. If the heart has stopped beating, there is some serious defect which needs to be corrected, like extreme blood loss. The purpose of chest compressions are to maintain some degree ...	[ "How do you know you don’t have exercise induced asthma?" ]
The differences between Tesla's electric engine and a domestic hairdryer's one.	[ "Most hairdryers use brushed DC motors. The Teslas use 3 phase AC induction motors. And size matters, too." ]	[ "Here's a pretty good explainer. _URL_0_ Basically it comes down to different memory, different promises (reliability and service life), and different marketing." ]
In the high middle ages, why didn't independent dukes simply declare themselves king?	[ "It obviously depend from place to place. For example in England at the time of the Saxons there were plenty of little countries, whose ruler did take the title of king. The countries that were created in the spanish Reconquista (Navarre, Castille, Leon, etc.), were all governed by a King, more or less self appoint...	[ "Hey, for deep throttling you need variable geometry in the injector. This can and has been done, e.g. for the LEMDE in production, and I believe there were experimental RL-10 variants (done for potentially up-scaled moon-landings) as well. Why this is the case is explained [here](_URL_0_) better than I could. The...
Were children really Hanged and Displayed for refusing to fight for Germany at the end of WWII as depicted in the movie Fury?	[ "There's little in the way of photographic evidence, but it's plausible. Combatants who attempted to surrender, desert, or who pointed out the hopelessness of their case would often be lynched or denounced by local Nazi officials, or the SS. The reality of war in April 1945 meant that HJ members were indeed combat...	[ "If you're interested in how the Confederate government tried creating a positive image of itself in Great Britain as well as a negative image of the north, check out The Index. Henry Hotze was a Confederate agent in London and he created a newspaper dedicated to promoting the Confederacy and influencing public o...
What percentage of a laser is reflected when pointed through glass?	[ "Bare, uncoated glass typically reflects about 4% of visible light at each surface (Edit: at normal incidence)." ]	[ "But wouldn't you then end up with a blacked-out object, instead of it being invisible, i.e. transparent? Edit: To expand, if you want something to become functionally transparent, you have to bend the light around it, so that it appears as if it wasn't there. Magicians do that (or trick you otherwise) using mirror...
How does NASA detect what chemical elements/substances are on the surface (or in the composition) of certain planets?	[ "They use [spectrographs](_URL_0_), a device which measures the light that comes off that planet. This works because most substances have their own spectral fingerprint, which is very recognizable. For example, if you hold salt in a candleflame and look at the spectrum, it will have a bright orange emission line, ...	[ "A long time ago in places like Greece, Rome and even before that in really, really long ago places like Sumeria, and Egypt people made up stories about the stars/planets and the pictures they thought groups of stars made. These stories were usually about beings they considered to be gods or demigods (the word demi...
How are people in comas fed/watered?	[ "Yes they do, because they still need to take in all the liquids and elements and whatnot to keep them alive. It's done through a combination of IVs in the veins, feeding tubes down the throat, etc. Basically, someone in a coma is kept alive by machines that breathe for them, keep their hearts pumping, and keep stu...	[ "> I'm trying to wrap my head around the fact that this is actually a thing and I'm stuck. She's a whackjob. > Is there science behind this? No. > Is this gobbledygook garbage? Yes. > How does this work? It doesn't She either starts eating and drinking or she'll die. [For real.](_URL_0_)" ]
how did most teachers come to be female when historically women got less education than men?	[ "Traditionally, up until the middle of the 19th century most teachers were male. That's because most formalized teaching was for older students. Around that time, the concept of elementary aged education grew. Because it was for younger children, there was a perspective that it was considered women's work, as it wa...	[ "Here's a relevant article in the british journal of nutrition (pdf file) \"Sex differences in fat storage, fat metabolism, and the health risks from obesity: possible evolutionary origin \" _URL_0_ The article explains that differences, which aren't just about distribution but also involve the different types of f...
What is the insect equivalent for the mammalian neocortex and avian nidopallium?	[ "I would have assumed there was no equivalent, given the name \"new cortex\". Insects have some of the oldest body plans of all animals, don't they? I would guess their brains are similarly \"old\". Certainly your average insect doesn't really have a need for cognition, as we know it in mammals." ]	[ "Here is a super cool review. To sum it up, it has been found that the Histones that wrap up bird DNA is very similar to the Histones wrapping up the Reptilia DNA. It is thought that their Histones probably had its own quirks but were definitely there. _URL_0_" ]
How can an acid corrode through other materials?	[ "Yes. Usually the hydrogen cations are reduced to hydrogen gas and the metals are oxidized to a positive species, which then dissolves in the acid. These reactions are very specific for the metal and the acid, so don't assume every acid will corrode every metal (only happens on TV)." ]	[ "The difference in speed between the two surfaces is in the thousands of km/h. The test could not occur." ]
What is the relative energy of a supernova?	[ "XKCD What If: \"Which of the following would be brighter, in terms of the amount of energy delivered to your retina: A supernova, seen from as far away as the Sun is from the Earth, or The detonation of a hydrogen bomb pressed against your eyeball? Applying the physicist rule of thumb suggests that the supernova i...	[ "You've more or less answered your own question. The form 0.5 c x^2 is obtained by integrating the expression y = c x. And \"y = c x\" expresses that one variable (y) is proportional to the other (x). Two variables being proportional to eachother is rather common, so the relation y = c x appears often and by extens...
- When people lose weight, where does it go?	[ "The way your body uses food is that it burns it with oxygen, much like wood in a fireplace burns. The reaction in your body is a lot more controlled, which is why you don't go up in flames. But it does produce some of the same byproducts, namely heat, carbon dioxide, and water. The same is true for your fat stores...	[ "Imagine your hard drive as a giant wall, like the Great Wall of China. Now imagine that your files are painted on this wall (Images, text, music notes). When you delete a file, your computer finds the spot on the wall where that file was painted, and marks that section of the wall as \"free\". It doesn't scrub o...
Why is the US congress allowed to keep trying to push through the (practically) same bill (CISPA) even though it's already been voted against?	[ "Because Congress can basically do whatever it wants. There are no restrictions on this kind of thing." ]	[ "When you search reddit the rank of each submission can change dramatically within seconds, especially those not on the front page. By the time you reach the lower ranks, the posts you read before drop or rise to another page. What can also happen is the same news story or event is posted at once because many reddi...
Do animals have mirror neurons?	[ "Yes. Mirror neurons are found in at least humans and macaque monkeys. Calvo-Merino, B., Glaser D. E., Grezes, J., Passingham, R. E., Haggard, P. (2005). Action observation and acquired motor skills: An fMRI study with expert dancers. Cerebral Cortex, 15, 1243-1249. _URL_0_" ]	[ "A follow up question: Is it possible that they are potentially as smart as we are, but the lack of hands, appropriate communication (etc.) limits their ability to develop their potential?" ]
What would happen if all the billionaires in the world converted their net worth into cash and burned it?	[ "So, this reminded me of this weeks XKCD what-if, so instead of looking at the economic effects, I'll have a look at the actual issue of burning that much money. Wikipedia tells me that there are over 1500 billionaires in the world. I assume many of those would have more than a few billion, so lets say ~$10 trillio...	[ "Other may give a better answer but the main problem is the lack of skin: you lose water, dehydration. Then open wounds are infection prone. Both of which requires a lot of medical attention to have a chance to recover. Then you also have complications like necrosis, smoke into the lungs. I think it will also reduc...
How does rhyming differ among languages?	[ "I wouldn't call myself an expert on this, but I speak Japanese. And the concept of rhyming doesn't exist in Japanese; I mean, I guess you could theoretically map the last character of each line to sound the same in a poem, but it just doesn't exist. In poetry/songs, you simply don't hear people trying to do this. ...	[ "yea. a couple. French, Russia, UK, India _URL_0_" ]
Why were the Roman roads so good?	[ "[Hat tip to the Virginia Asphalt Association!](_URL_0_) Roman roads were built to maintain their form and be passable in all weather in spite of heavy use. They have sophisticated foundations and more than adequate drainage. It would be fair to say that they were made to last a lot longer than a modern road." ]	[ "The planned location right over the country's largest river probably has something to do with it." ]
Why don't we use fractions of a revolution to express angles?	[ "The concept does exist, it's call a [turn](_URL_0_). The main advantage of radians is that trigonometric functions are most naturally expressed as functions of radians. I don't know the history of how things came to be though. Also note that when talking about frequency it is common to talk about multiples of revo...	[ "It is basically a metal plate upon a leather brace - where exactly do you see the problem? Rotating a stiff metal plate on your arm? Take a roll of tape and a few sticks and secure them near elbow and wrist - they will rotate with your wrist/arm movement just fine, like a metal plate secured with leather straps w...
What is Neural Darwinism?	[ "Basically its the idea that Darwinism (natural selection and self pruning of undesirable traits through low suvivability) applies to brain neurons. Key part of it is that when you are born, your brain develops in a ton of diverse ways, just because. As you age, the brain goes \"This part's not needed\" and prunes...	[ "How is noise defined? What is pink noise? What is white noise?" ]
Why did Canada not join the American Revolution?	[ "The population at the time was mostly based in the region of Quebec. They were not originally under the Crown rule but were of French descent. After the French and Indian war, the colonies changed hands from the French to the English. They were culturally distinct. The French settlers were mainly Catholic as oppos...	[ "Do you wanna be in a country who isn't ready for the apocolypse or the zombie invasion?" ]
Why is Ronald Reagan so praised and revered by American conservatives?	[ "Hello everyone, Just a reminder that since the Reagan Presidency is on the far side of the 20-year rule, this question is acceptable, but we do expect responses and any ensuing discussion to be kept to established historiography of the Reagan era, and not be an excuse to simply share your personal opinion of his l...	[ "You may be interested in [this previous answer](_URL_3_) about the romanticization of Rhodesia in the English-speaking world as well as [this post about the Bush War](_URL_0_) to look at the larger strategic picture. We also have [Two](_URL_2_) [podcast episodes](_URL_4_) on the history of Zimbabwe. [This answer](...
why is rainbow curved?	[ "Rainbows are actually circular, you just usually don't see the lower part of them because the ground is in the way. You know how a prism can split up light into a spectrum? The same thing can happen with a rain drop. If you have lots and lots of water drops in the air for some reason their combined effects is such...	[ "This may be LI4, but: Say you want to make 11, but you only have a 4s and 1s. You would take two 4s and three 1s and add them together, right. Now say you have a crazy function (curvy line on a graph), that's your \"11\". It turns out that you can take a bunch of sine and cosine functions (these are your 4s and 1s...
How does the heart start again after being defibrilated?	[ "Couple things: Your heart beat has its own \"mind.\" There's something called the SA node in your heart that gives the electric impulse to beat. This can be altered by signals from the brain to make it speed up/slow down. So when you determine whether or not to defibrillate, you're more concerned about electric ac...	[ "You don’t. 99.9% of modern cars you can jump right in and drive away. Now That doesn’t mean floor it when it’s negative 3 out, but just drive normally." ]
Why are the capitals of US states (and even the US itself) usually not their largest cities?	[ "Each state has a slightly different reason for choosing its capital, but there are a few common reasons why cities other than the biggest city are chosen. One is that some state capitals were chosen very early on and never moved even though other cities outgrew the capital. Another is that some states preferred t...	[ "Occupations have a limit to how much you make. A person with a job can't just have their pay keep increasing as long as they work, they are just paid what the position is worth. The amount is determined by hours. Employees are also the biggest expense in a business so it'd hurt the business more to keep increasing...
Can any modern/recent European Royal Families claim direct descent from the Carolingians?	[ "The male line carolingian dynasty is gone, it has been for around a thousand years. If you are asking about claims in the female line, absolutely! Almost too many to count. The Capetian Kings of France who succeeded the Carolingians traced female descent from Charlemagne. Their cadet branch, the Bourbons are still...	[ "A follow-up question of sorts: Did other monarchies, Duchies etc. use legendary people as part of the numbering for names? Like, suppose the Duchy of Toyota had a legendary founder Duke Camry, did the first actual Duke Camry take the name \"Camry II\"" ]
Why do some countries drive on the left and others on the right hand side of the road	[ "[Wikipedia](_URL_0_) has some good comments on it. I remember the notes about Napoleon from elementary school history. > There is a popular story that Napoleon changed the rule of the road in the European countries he conquered from keep-left to keep-right. Some justifications are symbolic, such as that Napoleon...	[ "It's not practical or just. If you break my toy and I break yours then now we have two broken toys. A better approach is that if you break my toy then you replace it. Likewise, if you cut off my arm and I cut off yours then we're both screwed and I'm still down one arm. Better if you compensate me somehow than me ...
If some supermarkets have store-brand coupons freely available with the item on the shelves, why must we present the coupon at the register in order to get the discount instead of the store simply giving the discount to everyone who purchases the item?	[ "Because it's not always the store putting out those coupons. Sometimes, it's the company who makes that brand of soda, or spaghetti sauce, or crackers, or whatever that wants you to buy their brand over the others. So they attach coupons to the shelf so you see their stuff first, and think \"this is a good deal\...	[ "Lets be clear. For the most part, artists don't sell tickets venues and promoters do. The venue only cares that the ticket is sold and they do not care if it was sold to a scalper. The artist does because they are loyal to the fans but the venue has no such loyalty. Venues are often locked into contracts with outf...
How do we know it's 'quantum' uncertainty, and not uncertainty in measurements or interference from unknown factors?	[ "Sort of a quick TL;DR-style approach is to say that quantum theory predicts that a certain amount of uncertainty exists because of the nature of wavefunctions. When we do experiments, after eliminating all sources of uncertainty we can eliminate, we're left with an amount of uncertainty that is never less than the...	[ "The \"standard model of cosmology\", i.e. [the lambda-CDM model](_URL_0_) treats dark energy as the result of having a non-zero cosmological constant. \"Constant\" being the key word. Ideas like the Big Rip only come about when you imagine a cosmology where the cosmological \"constant\" is actually some elaborate ...
How does heat dissipation work in space?	[ "Space is a bad idea for a heat sink. Sure, it's close to absolute zero, but conduction and convection aren't available for heat transfer. Compared to air on earth, it's an insulator. In fact, we exploit this very principle to keep tea hot in Thermos flasks. One of the biggest problems for space travel is just dump...	[ "Are you exposed to sunlight or shielded from it by a shadow? In a vacuum the temperature difference between lit and shaded sides can get very extreme." ]
I need an analogy for a genetics lecture (on mitosis)	[ "> I can't think of a good SIMPLE, concrete example for repetitive process X. Taking a coffee at a Starbucks. Freeze people in all US's Starbucks. Count how many of them are in a queue, how many are paying, how many are sipping coffee, how many are stirring sugar, how many are chatting." ]	[ "From another post I vaguely remember, your brain is like a freeway, billions of points that all connect together. Let's say the memory is on exit 7 of Interstate 17. Well you know its on the I17, you just don't know where exactly. When it clicks, your like Oh shit my exit is right there, better get off before I mi...
Why does eating the same food over and over start to become unappealing after a while?	[ "Nutritionally speaking, your body needs a wide variety of vitamins and minerals and other good stuff, which you logically cannot receive from just one food. Your brain goes: eating a turkey sandwich every day = never getting other essential nutrients such as X,Y,Z = you die. Edit: so it's a defense mechanism set ...	[ "I think we develop a \"been there, done that\" mentality in ways. I can not watch cartoons now. No matter what the topic. The irony is I just can't pay attention to cartoons." ]
Why do the beeps from Sputnik sound like they are echoey? Is this bouncing of the radio signals or something about how the sound was generated?	[ "When an RF \"beep\" is transmitted with a sudden start and stop, this creates undesirable bleeding into adjacent frequencies which wastes power and will be heard as clicks on nearby frequencies. To avoid this, the start and stop of the \"beep\" are softened by ramping the signal up and down slowly. Source: I'm a h...	[ "Large commercial rockets are actively steered. Either the engines are 'gimbaled' (the angle is adjusted) constantly, or small sideways-pointed rockets are fired as needed, to push the rocket where the computer is programmed to send it. Smaller rockets without adjustable engines or controls normally cause the rocke...
Pseudo Random Number Generators (ie Excel): What are their flaws?	[ "> The Wiki talks about inherent flaws in the Computational Random Number Generators that don't allow them to achieve true randomness; but doesn't explain what \"tests\" they don't pass. The test that separates a PRNG from true randomness is the fact that you can predict the next generated value with 100% certainty...	[ "Well one way is by selected specific people for your study. The studied that showed evidence that vaccines caused autism actually dropped people from the study who had children not become autistic, found children who had family history of autism to include in the study, and kept the numbers small. Another way coul...
How can a bird flying over a big city notice a few tiny pieces of bread scattered on my lawn?	[ "Some birds have way better adapted eyes than humans to spot stuff in great distance. It depends on what kind of bird you mean. Birds of prey (eagles, hawks...) have an incredibly clear [vision](_URL_1_) and can spot small mammals courtesy of the fluorescent mammal urine. [A bird does not \"see\" like a human.](_UR...	[ "I used to work in retail and the answer is poorly. We can't possibly track any given customer across hundreds or thousands of potential stores. The ban really has two purposes: - It is a deterrent - many customers are too afraid of consequences to show up at the store again. - _If_ we do recognize them, we have ju...
Why are we able to put our hands through liquids but not solids?	[ "Liquids can be very complicated but are still liquids. The molecules in liquids are fairly short and do not bond much with each other. I am putting in these qualifiers. That is because water is special and has polar properties. Colloids can be very complicated. In solids there is much more bonding going on. Molecu...	[ "There are a few different technologies. I assume you are thinking of the touch screen on your phone screen. That works because the screen is electrified just a little bit, not enough for you to even notice. When you touch the screen it messes up the electrical field. The computer can measure how the field changes ...
How does the press to test feature work on AA batteries?	[ "They use a combination of colour changing and conductive ink. The ink is conductive so that when you touch the two points, current can flow. The colour change occurs with temperature. So what you do is create a gradually widening strip of the colour changing conductive ink. The narrow part takes the least power...	[ "> Nothing about it makes sense to me. How does this work? It is simple: Saps pay money for a red LED light and believe any pseudoscientific nonsense that is tossed their way. The scam artist makes a load of money off this fad. Of course it doesn't do anything, there is no evidence that the \"therapy\" works, but t...
Why can't we breed weaker bacteria to outcompete "superbugs"?	[ "Well, you can't really selectively breed bacteria, they reproduce asexually, so every trait of the previous generation gets passed down to the next generation unless there is a mutation. The only way to get bacteria to get the traits we want is to somehow invoke natural selection: we allow the bacteria that have ...	[ "Not enough energy to. It's like lighting a match in a snow storm and expecting it to melt everything. Sure, the match is hot, but theres a lot more cold than there is hot." ]
When your body is a fighting a virus, is it fighting it in one place or all over your body?	[ "I can tell you that that is not a good metaphor because most viruses aren't capable of fighting back against the immune system so it isn't really a battle. The immune system actually is in some ways more like a pest control service. To answer your question, it really depends on what kind of virus it is. Viruses ca...	[ "Imagine your hard drive as a giant wall, like the Great Wall of China. Now imagine that your files are painted on this wall (Images, text, music notes). When you delete a file, your computer finds the spot on the wall where that file was painted, and marks that section of the wall as \"free\". It doesn't scrub o...
I just walked through the library security system and my headphones went static - why?!	[ "you waled through magnetic field, magnets are what make speakers work the field you walked through interfered with the speakers in your headphones." ]	[ "Basically, if you get cheap disposable chopsticks, they're sold in pairs (since you need a pair, and that is cheaper/easier to manufacture and track). If you get decent quality chopsticks, they'll be sold as a pair usually, but not stuck together. So chopsticks you get stuck together also indicate \"these are sing...
What is the difference between a Geiger Counters and Dosimeters. Where would you and not use them.	[ "A Geiger counter measures the amount of ion pairs created every 60 seconds, so you can see how much radiation exists (although, a Geiger counter won't tell you what radiation is created, which you may want to know). A dosimeter simply tallies all the radiation it's been exposed to. So if the Geiger counter is yo...	[ "Playboy is a household name. 0G Juggs isn't. One looks good on any modeling resume (not to mention the contacts), the other is kinda limited." ]
Friday Free-for-All \| February 06, 2015	[ "I am on a public-history information gathering mission! Please shoot me some of your favorite NON-ACADEMIC history things on the internet. I'm looking in particular for (original content) Youtube channels doing history things (like I think [Janet Stephens](_URL_0_) is the platonic ideal of history youtubers), stan...	[ "What exactly is not clear about the quote? Why Conference is dated by July and not by August - if so, Potsdam Conference was held from July 17, to August, 2. Bulk of debates happened in July. Source 1. [Potsdam Agreement](_URL_0_)" ]
Why do perfume ads have nothing to do with the perfume itself?	[ "There's a very fascinating documentary on this concept of modern-day marketing. The documentary is called \"[Century of the Self](_URL_0_) (it's long, but very good). Essentially, the way companies used to market was by way of practicality. \"Buy this because it has amazing features.\" Now, most everything is mar...	[ "I believe YouTube has an algorithm that scans the audio of uploaded videos and matches them against a database of known songs. Probably also uses track length and description/tags to make things quicker. A full album might contain all the songs, but the algorithm doesnt detect that because 1. It's longer than any...
What keeps ink on paper?	[ "More like IN the paper. The paper fibers absorb the ink. This is why writing on shiny surfaces usually wipes off. The ink cannot be absorbed on those surfaces." ]	[ "When something spins, it has inertia just like an automobile and just like an automobile, it is very easy to move it in certain directions in respect to the direction of the movement and difficult in other directions. The trick is that with a top, the inertia isn't all in one direction, it is in all directions alo...
How do programmers (for hardware) test their code before just... installing it and running it?	[ "So if you mean how do we test hardware, we create the circuit in VHDL and then use an [emulator](_URL_0_). If you mean how do we test the code that runs on the hardware, well, you just run it in some sort of virtual machine." ]	[ "What's really gonna bake your noodle later is when you ask yourself \"When I see a predator and think 'I should hide because that thing can kill me', is that because I'm wired that way?\". So, yes. The process by which an insect determines a reaction to an aversive situation may involve fewer steps than a more c...
Does a moving medium (e.g. glass) also move light that is passing through it?	[ "The question you're asking is a good one, and it was the main question behind the [Fizeau experiment](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "How long an explanation do you want? The first thing to note is that massless particles do not have a rest frame. By definition massless particles move at c in any inertial frame, so there is a clear contradiction if you try to construct one with a massless particle at rest. There is also a geometric explanation w...
How do archaeologists make money?	[ "They're frequently employed by universities as professors, and make expeditions that are funded by universities, governments, or private interests." ]	[ "Speaking as a broke grad student and friend of many more broke grad students, historical document translation would be AMAZING, but there's absolutely no way I could afford it." ]
How does Reddit organize the content on my front page?	[ "My understanding is that it is based on the post's score (upvotes-downvotes), reduced by a formula based on how old the post is. The score is also adjusted so that each additional upvote is worth progressively less. I'm not sure if any additional adjustment is made to balance posts from different subreddits. For t...	[ "Cooked something really nice? Show it. Lost a few/lot of extra pounds? Show your transformation off. Have kids that make you feel proud to be their parents? Show why you are. Have cats that you love? Sure why not, just show it, people love animals. People like to show others things that they are proud of." ]
How do sounds of the same volume (?) add up to be really loud when there's a lot of them together?	[ "If you are adding waves together from unknown sources you get what is called \"Incoherent addition.\" Which is to say, you don't know if you have \"constructive\" or \"destructive\" interference between all of the sources. The average interference is what gives you the \"incoherent\" value. The normal value we use...	[ "You're forcing air into a confined space with no good way of escaping. This increases the air pressure. The only way for it to escape is out the way it came, which eventually it does do once enough pressure inside the car is great enough. As the air inside the cabin leaves out the window, pressure reduces to the p...
If Hydrogen and Oxygen are both gases, then how come when combined they form a liquid?	[ "Hydrogen and Oxygen arent both gasses, they are both elements. Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen both exist. When Oxygen and Hydrogen combine their boiling point is raised to above room temp making it a liquid at room temp instead of a gas." ]	[ "The molecules involved can be different sizes. An airtight object is water tight (assuming it doesn't fail). A watertight object is not necessarily air tight. A gap too small to let water in could potentially let air out. Some gasses can be even smaller. Helium balloons will actually leak helium through the skin o...
How can the EU hold American companies like Youtube liable with it's new copyright laws?	[ "When they do business within the eu they are bound by eu law and vice versa. There are also reciprocal agreements wrt copyright laws, such that we agree not to infringe things that have been copyrighted in each other’s territories within our own territory. Edit: When it comes to websites and such, eu laws have no ...	[ "I think it mainly comes down to two things: a) They've got an excellent train system. We hardly have one at all. And every time we try to start building one, some people (like Republican governors) fight it so hard it barely gets anywhere. b) Europe has lots of super low cost airlines, and some of them do a really...
The current situation in Syria, and some background events that have caused it.	[ "Thank you for asking and answering. I was just asked what exactly is going on in Syria... my first thought - check r/explainlikeimfive." ]	[ "Hi there -- your submission is fine here, but I wanted to drop in a note to let people know that, as always, we do not allow discussion of [modern politics](_URL_0_) on this subreddit. Thanks!" ]
Why do candles slowly disappear on a candle warmer? They aren't burning.	[ "Candles burn by first melting wax, sucking it up the wick, then boiling it and burning the vapor. Candle warmers only do the melting part, and the wax slowly evaporates just like liquid water would when left out." ]	[ "I used to work in a lab with a laser engraver and you could adjust the intensity down to cut or just burn a pattern onto paper. Laser engravers typically use CO2 lasers, which operate in the infrared so the laser is invisible. [Here is a laser engraver cutting paper](_URL_0_) and [here are pictures of etched paper...

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