Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Can anyone explain DRM and how it affects piracy?	[ "DRM stands for digital rights management, it is meant to prevent piracy and restrict your access to your game. Examples: * Requiring a constant internet connection * Limited number of installs, back ups, etc. * Linked to services (Steam) * Verification checkpoints There are other forms of DRM but these are the mos...	[ "Lets say that the game its a house. Denuvo was a lock to the the door. They found a hole in the wall, the lock wasnt craked yet." ]
How can our (western) constant economic growth model be sustainable?	[ "It isn't sustainable at all, that's the simple answer." ]	[ "Generalising, but it's because the body has two broad drivers of feeding: * direct nutrient deficit (ie, you need energy - or at least, your body thinks you need energy!) * pleasurable food consumption - also known as [hedonic hunger](_URL_1_). Hedonic hunger probably primarily evolved to promote the consumption o...
Why is snow white if it's essentially just frozen water?	[ "Because it refracts light. Same reason clouds are white. Water isn't truly 100% transparent, just close to it. You can see this in ice cubes with small cracks in them too." ]	[ "Hydrogen bonding! In a solid state, the average kinetic energy of water molecules is low enough that hydrogen bonding can happen. This creates a highly ordered crystalline structure with lots of space between molecules. In liquid water, however, the kinetic energies of the molecules overcome the hydrogen bonding e...
Why do some planes leave long white streaks in the sky and others don't? And what exactly is that gas?	[ "That \"gas\" isn't actually a gas. It's really just ice that formed because of the combustion in the engines. The low pressure and cold temperature cause the water vapour to spontaneously depose into ice. This effect doesn't happen when for example the pressure is high enough and/or it's not cold enough for this c...	[ "A few more interesting facts: 1) The earliest morse code transmitters used to establish the first intercontinental radio links were nothing more than rotating disc dragging a series of conducting plates across a metallic lead and generating a shower of sparks (google SPARK GAP TRANSMITTER). As discussed elsewhere ...
(not trolling, i swear!) ELI5: Give me the gist of social conservatism	[ "Conservatism in any form is based on the word \"Conserve,\" and in a social definition, it basically means wanting to conserve \"Traditional values and family values,\" most of which (in the US at least) are based on religious ideology. The main view is, that since the Bible (Christian majority in the US) has been...	[ "I feel like this should be in /r/answers. I can't imagine this is a complicated concept that needs to be simplified. This is a subreddit for explaining complex things as simply as possible, not a subreddit for asking questions a five-year-old would ask." ]
Oxidation. What exactly does it mean a plant has through the process of oxidation?	[ "AFAIK oxidation in this case refers to breaking down the organic matter and producing CO2. This is not a simple reaction like it would be with iron going to iron oxide, but a series of reactions." ]	[ "Unfortunately, having too much oxygen is just as bad as having too little. While there are safe ways to hyper oxygenate and certainly some benefits in the short term, the side effects of doing so unsafely and unmonitored are too drastic for it to be a viable option. Oxygen toxicity occurs when the oxygen level...
Why were Scandinavia and the Steppes so often producing major and disruptive tribes?	[ "This is because that is the only place they could have come from. The Romans controlled the mediteranian. The Sahara made a great defense of the African provinces from the south. To the west was the Atlantic. In the east was the Sessonid empire. While they were a constant source of conflict, the two empires fought...	[ "On phone so short unsupported answer: it's the only place where humans/climate/etc haven't killed most or all of the megafauna." ]
How do glass office buildings have walls against the exterior?	[ "I work in an \"all-glass\" building. * The facade of a glass building isn't literally 100% glass, there are bound to be spaces between windows even if they're thin or just along the corners. The walls might go there. * Just because you see a window on the outside doesn't mean there's an open space on the inside......	[ "_URL_0_ It's amazing how often buildings are owned by a different company than the one that occupies it. For example, a hotel company may not own the hotel, a retail company may not own the store. Sometimes when a high-rise is constructed, a certain percentage of the building will be sold off to become individuall...
Linux vs Microsoft vs Mac OS X	[ "C'mon this is explainlikeimfive Linux - Legos - there are sets you can get or you can just build whatever you want. Might need a manual for some things. Windows - GI Joe - Everyone knows it and there are all kinds of cool accessories for it, but still a GI Joe in the end. Vulnerable to dogs and little ...	[ "Thank you for your submission! Unfortunately, your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): You can find the basic answer with a google / wiki search. Please start there and come back with a more specific question. If you disagree with this decision, please send a [message to the moderators.](_URL...
What is anxiety? Is there actually something going on in the brain or body during high levels of anxiety or is just some fabricated excuse for people to be wimps?	[ "> Is it actually a real thing? Yup. > Is the mind and body having something happen to it during an \"anxiety attack\"? If you've seen someone having a panic attack, you would notice them sweating, shaking, out of breath, and they can feel their heart beating as well as struggling to breath and choking. Psycholog...	[ "Usually when we type, we are using our working memory to hold the info we want to type. Our working memory only has so much space in it that if something new pops up it pushes back the old info and takes front seat; attention also affects this. Think of it like a bus. What you're trying to type is in the drivers ...
What is the most likely cause for increases in autism?	[ "The only thing to me that makes sense on this topic is in previous decades, minor cases of autism have gone undiagnosed. Where now, these cases are being diagnosed and treated, causing the numbers to go up higher than previously recorded." ]	[ "Tag on question, did this shift occur in other places around the globe and does it relate to population density/urbanisation?" ]
Why is water not considered a reactant/product when you have an aqueous solution?	[ "For the same reason the plate your food on isn't part of dinner. It is the medium in which the reaction takes place, but not a part of the reaction its self." ]	[ "Mostly because it changes the balance of power in the Senate. West Virginia split off because of the civil war; Maine was admitted as a state along with Alabama to keep the balance over the issue of slavery as part of the Missouri Compromise. Since any new state has to be approved by Congress, it's doubtful that a...
encryption protocols	[ "Modern encryption does not depend on keeping the algorithm secret. The whole idea is to have the protocol widely reviewed and analyzed. Then you only have to protect the key number used by the algorithm. Only with the key can you read the message, that's why governments want \"back doors\" to get the key." ]	[ "How would you detect whether the particles were still entangled faster than the speed of light would permit?" ]
why does yawning seem to set of yawning in others around us?	[ "Ultimately, contagious yawning remains an unexplained mystery to scientists. The researchers at Duke are planning to study potential genetic influences that contribute to contagious yawning. Their long-term goal is to identify the genetic basis of contagious yawning as a way to better understand human diseases lik...	[ "The inner ear and outer ear are seperated by a layer of issue impermeable to the outside atmosphere called the ear drum, aka tympanic membrane. When the air pressure changes by a large amount, the air in the inner ear and the air outside the ear are not at equilibrium. To re-establish that equilibrium of pressure,...
What is deep web? And how can an ordinary internet user not easily access it?	[ "Ooh! I got this. Deep web is just a bunch of webpages that tell Google (and other web crawlers) that they don't want to be found. Mostly, this is databases and infrastructure, but some of it is actual content that just wants to stay hidden. When you think about deep web, you probably think about .onion sites - the...	[ "Thank you for your submission! Unfortunately, your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): You can find the basic answer with a google / wiki search. Please start there and come back with a more specific question. If you disagree with this decision, please send a [message to the moderators.](_URL...
Why Can Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Be Sentenced To Death (For The Boston Bombings) When Capital Punishment Was Outlawed In Massachusetts In 1984	[ "Because he wasn't tried in a state court, he was tried in federal court -- and federal law allows for the death penalty." ]	[ "[Bleeding Kansas](_URL_3_) comes to mind. Essentially, while the 'free' states were just as numerous as the 'slave' states, meaning they had equal representation in the US Senate, the 'free' states had nearly double the population. So to ensure that neither side gained an advantage in the Senate, a number of measu...
Why is it that I'm more hungry in the morning if I eat right before bed?	[ "Your body goes into a fasting stage when you sleep but when you eat directly before bed it disrupts this. Also if you had a bunch of carbs your blood sugar would go up and crash." ]	[ "When you work out you actually tear your muscles. Once you are resting your body repairs them, and this is how you actually gain muscle mass. So naturally it needs nutrients and food to break down and convert into that new tissue. However when you just overeat without working out your body doesn't have any repair...
Why is it that we need to pay companies to use internet? If they can give us access, why can't we access it ourselves without their help?	[ "You don't pay them to use the internet, you pay them to run cables to your house that are connected to nodes of the internet. If you can manage that yourself (Which you really can't unless you feel like wasting an obscene amount of money.) you don't have to pay an ISP, but you still have to pay the node of the in...	[ "Building is often done in bulk, dozens of houses at a time, which means you get economies of scale, not just in the materials etc, but in the laying on of services. Building a row of houses needs a trench dug for the sewer connections, for example, but you can do the whole row at one time - likewise the foundation...
The difference between "I'm well" and "I'm good"	[ "If you are doing good, you are not doing evil. If you are doing well, you are not in poor health. Good is an abstract concept, if you are \"good\" it means that you do not do bad things (which may be true) but it not generally the information people want from you when they ask how you are. They want to know about...	[ "Context is important. I'm not surprised to see a hot dog at a hot dog stand. I'd be surprised if I opened my wallet to pay for a hot dog and it only had a hot dog inside. I'm not surprised to see beach clothing at a beach, but would be concerned if I'm about to go into surgery and the surgeon shows up in a speedo....
How do martial artists break cement/wood without shattering their own bones?	[ "Concrete is actually considerably weaker than bone, there's just generally more of it in one place than there is of bone. if you were to cast a human skeleton of concrete it would be much weaker. But really that's not what's important, the important thing is that concrete is exceptionally weak when stretched out ...	[ "Back then people still needed jobs, now they dont and can practice harder for longer. And science helps by showing then methods on improving motions. You cam find cool videos on youtube" ]
What was North American Native American society like right before European exploration (not counting the Vikings)?	[ "First: It's insane that Oklahoma would cut Indians from the curriculum. Second: Check out the book 1491. Third: You can find a lot of teaching resources [here](_URL_0_) and you might also crosspost to /r/teachers." ]	[ "Is there a specific region and time period you are interested in? If not, your question would break our \"poll type\" question rule." ]
How is it that we never see the other side of the moon from Earth?	[ "Your understanding is correct. It is known as [tidal locking](_URL_0_) In the case of our moon, it takes 28 days to rotate the entire way around the Earth, and 28 days to rotate once around its axis" ]	[ "Because we are smart and choose not to screw with people's sleep and work schedules twice a year." ]
If sound is caused by vibration, does waving my arm and colliding with atoms in the air produce a (very small) sound?	[ "Waving your arm is too slow to produce directly sounds of audible frequency. However when moving your arm fast enough you produce turbulence that then results in higher-frequency sound. This, on a theoretical standpoint, lies in the highly-nonlinear character of fluid mechanics. In a linear theory, like electromag...	[ "Imagine a very large, elongated cloud of hydrogen in space. It's slowly falling in on itself due to gravity, but it has no angular momentum, so everything is falling toward the center. There's a star nearby. Because of the elongation of the cloud, one end of it is nearer to the star than the other end, but it's a...
why does going out in the cold make my nose runny?	[ "The air in your lungs is warm and moist. When you exhale through your nose, this moist, warm air immediately hits cold air. Cold air has a lower capacity for moisture, so introducing warm, moist air into it causes the moisture to condensate out of it - essentially, the air coming from your lungs is all, \"Nope, do...	[ "Serious follow up question. My nipples get hard while eating spicy food. Is there a logical reason for this? Edit: Well, 4 years into this Reddit thing, and this is my top comment 😅" ]
Why bombs "scream" as they approach the ground?	[ "Bombs are aerodynamically designed to fall faster and cut through the air. As an object nears the speed of sound, even if it doesn't break it, the air generates a sound as it passes the object. With a subsonic object, the sound reaches you before the bomb itself. To illustrate, take a stick, like a broom handle or...	[ "Need more detail! Was the pilots voice being played through the speakers? If so, are your headphones wireless? Or did the headphones not cancel out the noise like you thought they should? Edit-- * If playing through the speakers, your headphones are wireless and the signal sounded fine: digital comm problem (im...
Why do electrons come from the negative side/terminal of the battery?	[ "People that made up the convention of labeling one side negative and the other positive did it thinking positive current flows from positive to negative. Later we realized that (in a typical electrical circuit) it's actually negative current flowing the other way. We didn't know that it was electrons moving and no...	[ "when you get out of the pool, the wind blows on your wet skin and that creates a low pressure area that makes the water evaporate, and any process of evaporation is endotermic, meaning it absorbs energy" ]
What were the repercussions of Prescott Bushs involvement with the Nazis? Were there any other examples of high profile Westerners/Allies who were accused of helping the Nazis but didn't get charged?	[ "A very similar question was asked recently, and [this answer in that thread](_URL_0_) might interest you! Hope that helps!" ]	[ "This Week's Rundown! /u/textandtrowel on [\"How did medieval Islamic historians write about/conceptualise the history of their religion? Please also tell me about who wrote history in the medieval Islamic world, why, and what written history was used for in medieval Islamic society.\"](_URL_0_) /u/prufrock451 on [...
Why would obsidian lose weight after being submerged in water?	[ "I'm presuming you are working from dry material at both weightings and that provisions were made to ensure that no errors were made in the weighting process. It might come down to the particulars of the material you guys were using. Obsidian is chemically unstable at surface conditions, and subject to relatively r...	[ "Let me make sure I understand your description first: You measure the mass of an empty beaker. You do some stuff to it, the beaker is warmer, and the mass is now lighter. You cool it down, measure it again, and it's back to the original value. Is that right? How much different is the mass of the beaker when hot an...
How almond milk is made	[ "Grind the almonds to a paste, add a little water, and soak for a while. Then strain out the solid bits with a cheesecloth. Behold, Almond Milk." ]	[ "It depends on what the set designer decides to use but often they use something like [powdered lactose](_URL_0_) a totally safe to snort white powder." ]
Right Ascension & Declination	[ "You may find it easier to convert Right Ascention and Declination to Altitude and Azimuth. [This](_URL_0_) page will do that for you. From there you just need a compass to measure azimuth and some tool to measure altitude--you can get this by mounting a protractor with a string at the center and a straw on the lon...	[ "Since the shot was almost certainly made as a simple composite of two images of our Sun, there can't be any clues that would lead to determine that one is further than the other. The redness is purely down to the path through the atmosphere being longer when the Sun is closer to the horizon." ]
Are there any surviving records/texts from the now dead romance languages that were spoken in Northern Africa/Illyria/Britannia after the fall of the Roman Empire?	[ "From what I can gather, it seems like most of the evidence for these languages existing are from commentaries in other sources complaining about people speaking Latin badly or, very, very occasionally, some instances of Vulgar Latin in things like plays. So full texts are pretty much a no-go. However, if you're in...	[ "The negritude movement in France was very important. Look up Franz fanon, Leopold senghor, And Aime Cesaire. And I know I have some books on Afro British history somewhere. I'll drop the titles later." ]
How does the cutting action of a non serrated knife cause it to cut?	[ "All a knife is a lot of force driving through a tiny area. The same goes for a serrated knife, just many more tiny high pressure points, causing more tiny splits in whatever you are cutting. The actual cutting is the same. Just imagine cutting a block of cheese with a serrated knife so huge that one of its teeth i...	[ "So the key factor that made aeroplanes practical at the turn of the twentieth century was lightweight internal combustion engines. Since you need this invention for a propeller driven lighter than air craft, these don't exist before aeroplanes because they depend on the same key technology. (After airplanes, Zepp...
Why do we hear 12 distinct notes in music?	[ "Because it's just the system we've been taught to hear. We don't naturally select these twelve notes, it's a social convention. On a tuner, set it to A445 and your notes will be a few cents off. But if everyone is off in the same amount, it is all conparatively in tune. It's only western music that follows the twe...	[ "Not any time soon. For example, in 1787, Mozart created a game when you rolled dice to randomly select measures you could put together to build a waltz. Turns out there are over 700 trillion combinations, meaning every man, woman, and child in the world could each have 100 million unique waltzes \"composed\" by Mo...
What was Europe TRYING to do by instigating the Euro?	[ "The answer is that Germany, which didn't really exist as a country until the 19th Century, is too big to fit within the confines of the European power structure. So in the 20th Century, there were two world wars about containing Germany and lots of folks died. In order to bring Europe closer together and solve \"...	[ "Australia’s participation in the Eurovision Song Contest is a one-off event as part of celebrations for the competition’s 60th anniversary. The inclusion reflects the fact that the nation has been a long time broadcaster of the ESC, which has a strong cult following down under of around 2 million each year." ]
What is the purpose of pubic hair?	[ "Most of the hypotheses I've read have to do with social cues (signaling sexual maturity and the like) or holding on to pheromone signals (I've never seen convincing evidence of this). However, these sorts of questions are incredibly difficult to determine. Evolution is a tricky beast - natural selection is an incr...	[ "This is like asking \"why does a fire burn itself out - what's the point of using up all the fuel if it can't sustain itself?\"." ]
Why do the Fire Departments perform as paramedics in the U.S?	[ "Firefighters must be available 24/7 and have all the equipment and preparation ready to get to a location as fast as possible. These abilities are important for not just fires, but also medical emergencies. Many fire departments, especially those in rural areas, might fight an actual fire only every few months. Bu...	[ "I'm a journalist. I can tell you straight up : it's for audience. These videos create shock, which is the best hook television news has over the viewer. The whole ethics speech they'll give you about people having the right to see it is BS. Television is a business, news or not, sadly. This is even more true in th...
Why are sexual relationships within close family considered bad?	[ "One recent example of what happens is [here](_URL_0_) This community of Muslims in Great Britain promotes marriage between cousins, and the birth defect rate is dramatically higher than average. **Research for BBC2's Newsnight in November 2005 showed British Pakistanis accounted for 3.4 per cent of all births but...	[ "Simply answer: Different culture means different views on stuff like that. Opinion: Even now, I feel like it was done as a result of foreign cultural influence." ]
How did so many civilizations independently develop a 360 day calendar?	[ "I am not sure how to say this in a way that doesn't sound like I'm stating the obvious, but: because there are 365 days in a year. A year is a very visible astronomical period, not just because of the seasons, but in the lengthening and shortening of days. If you're trying to keep time, counting the days between ...	[ "Mclovin804 is trolling, so disregard his comment. The reason why people died at a much earlier age, was not that they age faster, but because of nutrition/hygiene/technological advancements. People in 2000BC did not have dentists, or family doctors. Back then, diarrhea killed lots, but now we just take some medici...
What makes one allele dominant and one allele recessive?	[ "Essentially comes down to loss of function vs gain of function (at least for protein coding genes, and particularly for those involved in signal transduction pathways). Loss of function is recessive since you need to lose both copies for a phenotypic effect, whereas with gain of function, a single copy is enough t...	[ "The middle of the United States, sometimes referred to as the Great Plains, is a large, relatively flat area. This allows colder, dryer air from Canada to head south while warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico moves north, eventually meeting in the middle. When these two air masses collide, powerful storms can f...
Did Caribbean pirates smoke cannabis?	[ "Alrighty guys, because apparently maturity and self-control are in short supply tonight, I'll go ahead and make this thread-level post. * Your jokes are not funny. Needless to say, they do not belong here. If your comment has no substance, do not post it. If any further jokes occur here, you will be warned, wi...	[ "FYI you'll find some information in this recent post [Why did mutinous sailors in the 18th-19th century British Royal Navy roll cannonballs?](_URL_0_)" ]
How are IQ tests considered racially biased?	[ "Truth be told, they aren't racially biased. They're socioeconomically biased. Children raised in a stable middle class home who don't have any mental disorders score significantly better than children who are raised in a lower class home that may or may not be unstable, especially if they have any kind of mental d...	[ "What color is the skin of most of the people who make and utilize those drawings? Theres your answer" ]
Why talking on a cell phone while driving is more dangerous than talking with a passenger while driving.	[ "1. If you're not hands free, then you have one hand occupied. If, in an emergency, you need both hands, you're impaired. 2. The person talking to you has no situational awareness. You know how when you're talking to someone and they pull up to a big mess on the road and have the \"What's going on here\" look, and ...	[ "Because the third party candidate is not going to win and you deprive your second choice a vote. For example lets use the last election between Obama, Romney and lets say Joe Blow as the third party. Lets say Joe Blow is my favorite, but if he doesn't win I would rather Obama then Romney. Well if I vote for Blow a...
You have a container on a scale, it has a lid attached to the side. If you close the container and thereby trap the air, does the weight of the container change? (No other changes to the system)	[ "nope. The column of air above the scale is pushing down on the scale whether or not the lid is trapping part of it." ]	[ "Soda doesn't release more carbonation if you open the cap fast. If you open it fast, as you typically get capped soda from a vending machine, the pent-up carbonation comes out all at once. If you open it slowly, the pent-up carbonation comes out little by little, giving the appearance of less carbonation being rel...
What exactly happens internally when your stomach gurgles?	[ "You almost always have air in your gi tract. The gurgling you hear is just the air moving around." ]	[ "It is the easiest sound you can make with your mouth full." ]
Why do TV shows from just a few years ago look bad on screen?	[ "Can you screenshot some examples? That would be very helpful. The most likely answer is that those shows haven't been remastered and are instead using VHS transfers. Most TV shows were on 35mm film just until a few years ago. 35mm film rivals 4K in terms of quality. Look up \"Seinfeld Answering Machine\" on YouT...	[ "The sets and props weren't expensive. Foam, plaster, and plywood are cheap. The artisans to build them were expensive. Good people with marketable skills are expensive. That hasn't changed. Now instead of hiring a bunch of set guys and prop guys and costume guys you're hiring a hoard of CGI guys and renting hundre...
Why do we "need" to be +18 to watch porn?	[ "Because that's the age that society at large has set as appropriate for viewing the content. It wasn't always that, it isn't even that way now in other countries (Sweden for example has no age laws for possession or viewing porn). See Wikipedia's [Porno in Europe](_URL_0_) page." ]	[ "Horse meat isn't rare at all. You can get it in many parts of europe. Tastes ok too. Anyway, that's culture. The same reason we think that bacon and eggs is a breakfast food, and don't eat grasshoppers." ]
What happens exactly when my personal finances are being audited by the IRS?	[ "I was audited 3 years in a row due to no fault of my own. I filed my taxes and received my refund. 3 years later I got a letter saying I owed 1600 in back taxes from 3 years before. I checked the letter, brought my w-2's and 1099 and 1098's to the irs in Maitland Fl. They went over everything and found that my emp...	[ "By what it will buy. That's pretty much it. What it will buy is influenced by outside psychological factors: do gas suppliers think a shortage is coming up? Less gas for the same money. Was there a major crop failure someplace? Fewer groceries for the same money. Did the stock market drop last week? Prices in gen...
Why do I have the urge to run to my room/bed once I have turned the lights out?	[ "Because the monsters can not get you when you are safe in bed." ]	[ "TL;DR: Power. A big part of our social structure is based on one person having power over other people. Most of us either want to lead, are jealous of the leader, or understand we're not the right person to be that leader. We see this in a lot of other animals like horses and sheep. The large-and-in-charge 'st...
Did George Washington have the same level of protection and security as modern day presidents and other American political figures?	[ "And also: If there were any protections for Washington and other early presidents, who was in charge of that, since the secret service was started by Lincoln (and even then started as anti counterfeiting)?" ]	[ "Hi /u/friendships4everyone, Your post has been removed as it breaks our rules on appropriate submissions. > Also, if you're looking for any sort of debate. What do you think of this man's actions? Did they do anything when he inevitably died a few second later? Were his actions meaningful? /r/AskHistorians is not ...
How do cover songs work in legal terms?	[ "For a cover song, the cover artist just has to pay [mechanical royalties](_URL_0_). These are royalties to the songwriter, and are statutory -- which means that the rate is set by law, and is not something that's negotiated. Right now, it's about nine cents per song sold. And it's important to note that the origin...	[ "Started in America, translated into 18 languages, catchy as heck and that's likely why it was accepted into several cultures' traditions. warner owns the rights, public performance could be subject to royalties. mobile, sorry: _URL_0_" ]
With all the economic sanctions that are in place against Russia and with the general state their economy is in, how can Russia afford to invest so much into their Syrian campaign?	[ "Russian GDP is down 3%, inflation is 10%. The oil is two times cheaper, but the rouble is two times cheaper too, which means the budget gets exactly the same revenue as before. Russia has not downsized any programs so far, including its military budget. It has near zero external debt and $400B in cash reserves. It...	[ "Studios, apart from money, already have resources to produce these. It's like asking if a VW Beetle is manufactured purely by just spending money. There's a factory already in place, and they purchase the raw materials and sell the result. So the studio will pay for these things, and they keep the returns. The dis...
"Commercialized" Facebook pages?	[ "Let's say you owned a page, and the name of the page is something along the lines of \"yo mama is...\". You were likely like-whoring everything so that page of yours could get a ton of attention. Sometimes, companies and the like get interested, and attempt to buy the page. Let's say they offer 1k of $ for a milli...	[ "Update. I will survive without the additional .50 of revenue. But I am really am wondering how anything of mine could possibly be flagged?" ]
Why some people (including myself) are so grumpy in the morning?	[ "Blood sugar and waking up to realize that your life sucks definitely both contribute, but my understanding is that your brain doesn't produce serotonin while you're asleep which basically results in you waking up somewhere between suicidal and predatory until all systems are back online." ]	[ "When you get to be an adult, with actual financial responsibilities, such as children, rent and buying your own food, getting you ass up and out the door will become a requirement. It's called \"growing up \". JiM B." ]
Why can't/don't we clone animals to repopulate species that are endangered by extinction?	[ "Because cloning creates genetically identical creatures. Breeding a population from clones is just as bad as the inbreeding issues that come up with a tightly controlled community." ]	[ "A couple reasons. In the United States, the burden of proof is on the prosecutor to show that the defendant committed the crime. This \"presumption of innocence\" makes preparing a case hard work, because to win, the prosecutor has to convince 12 regular people that, with absolutely no doubt, the defendant commit...
Is drinking plain water at all necessary to a healthy lifestyle?	[ "I've found this source that claims tea is as hydrating as water as long as caffeine content is reasonable, or no more than 400mg/day. I can't make any claims for its credibility though, as the url is from \"_URL_1_\" it may be biased. _URL_0_" ]	[ "Insurance is designed to protect you from catastrophic loss. You shouldn't buy insurance for a TV or Playstation because losing them won't ruin your life. You should by insurance for your health, car or house because losing one of those could put you in a financial hole you can't recover from. Most people aren...
When/why did people start smiling for photos?	[ "Even after cameras became faster, photos were usually only taken by the rich and were seen as a formal occasion. During Victorian times, smiling during such an occasion was considered to make the subject look like a child or a drunk. With the advent of cheaper cameras, photographs became more casual and smiles sta...	[ "Hi OP, this is a cultural question, so it would greatly assist anyone considering answering if you could specify which culture you're asking about. For example, the name of a cultural group / country / geographic region, plus a rough time period. Otherwise, this question is simply too broad, as it encompasses almo...
Why do Saturns' rings look like lines?	[ "Saturn's rings aren't an asteroid belt. Asteroids are quite large, and would be some what diffuse. Saturn's rings are comprised of tiny bits of dust, small rocks, and mostly water ice. Its important to realize how absolutely massive Saturn's rings are in comparison to the dust that actually makes them up. The dist...	[ "You are looking at a picture that's taken from a system that has them in its interface. Basically if you look at raw footage of military camera's, you'll see the same thing." ]
if hospitals have to by law treat you when you enter the e.r. what's the point in paying the bill since next time you go they will still have to treat you?	[ "It's fine, if you're homeless. If you own stuff, the hospital's debt collectors will find out and then they will take your stuff to pay your bill." ]	[ "In the animal kingdom it's not enough to just win the fight, you have to win the fight without major injury. Fighting off a lion is great, but if you broke your leg in the fight or got a nasty gash you're as good as dead anyway. Generally the only fight you can win is the one you don't have. This is also why lions...
Monday Methods: How to Read an Academic Book	[ "Excellent summary! One of things I learned in a previous century was to look at the whole book at the outset - not from the beginning to the end in lineal fashion, but from the edges in: I always wanted to understand the overall structure of the book. Are there appendices (these can sometimes yield insights), and ...	[ "This is something I would also like to know as I listen to a lot of trade books in the car while travelling and have wondered if its ~~doing anything~~ actually planting the information into my head or I'm a just listening like a song." ]
What keeps protons and neutrons from lying directly on top of eachother?	[ "It is an empirical fact that the nuclear force (i.e. the residual QCD force) is repulsive at short distances (below about 1 fm). In spite of this, nucleons may merge into what are called dibaryons (six quark states), and there is evidence for their existence in deuteron data in the low energy regime (around 20 MeV...	[ "> because each flavor has a different mass The flavors don’t have well-defined masses. There are three mass eigenstates and three flavor eigenstates. But a neutrino or a given mass is a superposition of all three flavors, and a neutrino of a given flavor is a superposition of all three masses. If the flavors had ...
Is physical appearance typically a reflection of the person's health?	[ "Not particularly. You could have terminal cancer, or be one day away from having a fatal stroke, and look perfectly fine. Or you could be genetically quite ugly yet actually quite healthy. Or you could look like you're slim from being healthy when you're actually anorexic but hiding it well." ]	[ "Several things. On an installation level, each program you install adds 'weight' to the operating system by giving it more tasks. These aren't always removed cleanly when you uninstall, which makes it important to reimage your computer about every year. Additionally, if you use a standard hard disk drive, the driv...
Why can water not catch fire despite its atomic makeup?	[ "When H2 gas burns in O2 it is forming H2O. That's the combustion product. All that energy given off by the flame is the 'surplus' you get because H2O has lower energy. You can't burn water to water or anything else, because there is no combination of hydrogen and oxygen atoms that has lower energy than H2O does."...	[ "Because quite simply, they need a lot of water. Far more than the carrying capacity of a freight train. When dealing with large bodies of water, the water is measured in acre-feet. One acre-foot is approximately 325,000 gallons. California would need tens of thousands of acre-feet of water in order to even make a ...
Why do Banks need such large buildings?	[ "Computers do perform a lot of the work that humans used to do, but at the same time many banks have grown substantially. That being said, when you see a skyscraper owned by a bank, the entire floor area of the building might not be taken up by bank employees. Many(most?) larger office buildings have multiple tena...	[ "Round here (Telford, UK) the local one stores salt for de-icing roads in winter. There's another one around which has a riding school in it." ]
How does hacking work? I understand the idea behind it, but what does a hacker actually do?	[ "Look up the stories about the guy that just got ten years for hacking celebrity phones/emails to get those naked pictures. He pretty much researched their backgrounds, leveraged weak forgot my password questions (high school mascot / pet names) , then got access to large amounts of their information. It's a pret...	[ "It varies, but not much individually. The problem is when everyone does it. It's kind of like why you're taught not to pick a flower from a garden when growing up. You alone, picking one flower, is not going to be noticed, it's not going to affect the plant or garden overall, but if everyone picks just 1, very s...
What happened in Ireland as far as splitting and war and the IRA, etc?	[ "Well it all started in 1152 or so when this wee lad from Wexford called Dermot went off with this lassie Dervorgilla, from Co Meath whose husband was horrid upset he was and nobody talks about...... Anyway, I dont know the show but if you put any specific questions to me I will give you a straight answer." ]	[ "One thing to point out is the terrain. Iraq is in the populous parts of the country pretty flat, with a semi good road network across the country making it easy to move people around, and larger cities and towns to organize around. Afghanistan is some of the most inhospitable terrain on earth. With little nation...
Is there any inherent benefit to leaving oil in the Earth?	[ "Only if you see oil as a carbon sink (along the lines of carbon sequestration techniques). By taking it out and burning it you are putting that carbon back in the atmosphere which is believed to contribute to global warming." ]	[ "Go light a bucket of gasoline on fire, it'll take a few minute to burn depending on the depth/width and whatnot. Now imagine something hundreds of billions of times larger." ]
Deep Blue shark weight	[ "Square the girth of the shark, multiply by the length then divide by 800. Measurements in inches. This is the formula used and is accurate to +/- 3%." ]	[ "[In graphical form](_URL_0_) [In good old wolfram alpha](_URL_1_) Long story short, about 1350km across." ]
How exactly does a pulse oximeter monitor/measure a patient's O2 saturation?	[ "It shines light (actually two lights, a red one and an infrared one) through your finger. The oxidation level of your blood changes the amount of light that can pass through. More details: _URL_0_" ]	[ "I use Android, but it does the same thing. I think it just uses GPS to figure out where you spend time everyday and makes an educated guess." ]
Why does your skin swell up around where you get scratched?	[ "When you have damage to cells/tissue, they release histamine in response. Histamine causes the swelling because it causes inflammation -- inflammation is beneficial because it speeds certain cells/supplies into the tissue, starting the healing process." ]	[ "You should get your blood sugar levels checked. You could be pre-diabetic or hyperglycemic, if you're having that kind of reaction get it checked soon." ]
How come the third rail on subway systems doesn't short circuit when it gets wet?	[ "1. Water on the rail itself doesn't short circuit, as the rail is more conductive than the water. 2. The water doesn't bridge between the third rail and a suitable ground. It might drip off, but it won't form a continuous path like a wire very easily. 3. Water is an awful conductor, so outside of very high voltage...	[ "Because otherwise the hero wouldn't be able to sneak through. Movies are not reality. They're written in a way so it works out exactly the way the writer wants it to." ]
Why does the US both buy steel from AND sell steel to Canada at the same time?	[ "Two things come to mind: 1) Canada and the US are both large countries. There could be places in the US that are closer to Canadian steel producers than to those in the US and vice versa. 2) There are many different kinds of steel. Not all manufacturers will produce all types." ]	[ "If your next door neighbor is trampling flowers in your backyard, and your much larger, much bigger neighbor from across the street decides to try and stop him, it's in your interest to just let him do that, whether with implicit or explicit approval. ... especially when you can't get to that corner of the backyar...
Since lasers exist for light, is there such a thing as a focused beam of sound?	[ "I think [this](_URL_0_) is exactly what you are talking about. Very cool stuff." ]	[ "Others have already given good answers, so I'll just suggest that you study Fourier Series. A Fourier series is a way of breaking down any wavefunction as a sum of sines and cosines. It takes an infinite sum to get perfect precision, but it is easy to get to the point where a human ear cannot tell the differenc...
Do possible events with zero probability exist in the real world, or just in mathematics?	[ "Anything involving position has a 0 probability of occurring. For example, throwing a dart at a dartboard. So long as you do not miss, you will always hit the dartboard with probability 1, however the probability of hitting any specific spot is 0. Therefore while the chance of hitting any specific spot is 0, the c...	[ "Say you have a banana and an apple. How many ways can you arrange those on a table? You can put the banana on the table. You can put the apple on the table. You can put both on the table, or you can put none of them on the table. There are four ways total that you can arrange these fruits. This represents 2 to the...
What will happen if Edward Snowden comes back to the USA and why?	[ "He'll be arrested for leaking classified documents and face stiff jail time. He will be arrested for leaking classified documents because it is illegal to leak classified documents." ]	[ "Usually steep fines and punishments when caught. And it is when caught, not if caught." ]
In America on tv they are uslng shoes indoors, is this true? And if its true how cant the floors be dirty all the time?	[ "America is too big and has too many people in it for this to be true of everyone. In America, many people take their shoes off at the door. And yes, also in America, many people don’t. There’s no universal truth. People who don’t take their shoes off at the door usually have floors that get dirty faster, yes. They...	[ "You've seen the long boom mics that Saul's crew uses? Those are real - they're intended to just capture the actors lines during filming. Any background noise is added later by foley artists or other sound crew using sounds that were captured separately, or come from a library of sound effects. Actors may also wear...
Would there be enough light to see at night if the moon did not exist?	[ "Are you aware there are nights where the moon is not visible...? You can just go out and check for yourself how dark it is. It's pretty dark." ]	[ "I suspect one of the first major changes we'd see would be a mass extinction in the oceans. Many species of sea life rely on the tides for reproduction and feeding." ]
What evidence do we have that dark matter exists in the first place?	[ "[Wikipedia has an overview](_URL_0_), and writing whole Wikipedia articles is not the point of this subreddit. Do you have a more specific question about some of the points?" ]	[ "Binding energy from the nuclei. Binding energy is negative. In proton-proton fusion p + p - > d + e + ν_e, the mass of the products (deuterium + electron, neutrino is basically massless) is lower than the sum of the masses of the reagents by 0.42 MeV - remember that mass equals the internal energy (that's what E=m...
In feudal times, were there ever any popular 'enlightened' lords who treated their peasants well enough to rule by loyalty instead of fear?	[ "“The state itself is a non-entity for the peasant and he can neither see nor comprehend it, but he knows the landlord because he lives with him.” – F. Marwitz If you look at the East German states before the emancipation of the peasantry (the dates vary, but for a reference, Prussia emancipated its peasants in 180...	[ "Sorry, we don't allow [throughout history questions](_URL_0_). These tend to produce threads which are collections of trivia, not the in-depth discussions about a particular topic we're looking for. If you have a specific question about a historical event or period or person, please feel free to re-compose your qu...
What form of matter is jello? How about whipped cream/shaving cream?	[ "Jello is a form of matter called a colloid, which is a semi-rigid structure suspended in a liquid. Whipped cream (and other such things) are a mixture of a liquid cream and gaseous nitrogen (can also be called a colloid, as it's gas suspended in a liquid)." ]	[ "I like this. However, pictures are awesome. Your pictures with the flame on the drawing board? Good stuff. The video with candle/flame? Good stuff. Your face? Great face for TV, but I don't want to see it the majority of the time. It makes the viewer lose interest over a period of time. Personally, I liked learnin...
When cooking pasta, why do you have to let the water boil before putting in the pasta, why can't you do it right away?	[ "Pasta is wheat based, has lots of plant fats called starch, which make it delicious. However, this same starch turns into a goopy glue like substance when added to water. By adding it in when the water is boiling it reduces the time the starches can turn to goop. The boiling heat seals the outside of the pasta whi...	[ "When things get hot they expand (get bigger). Inside your engine are a lot of metal things that work best with a very specific amount of space between them, measured in thousandths of an inch. When your engine is cold the metal bits are smaller and those exact spaces aren't the size they are supposed to be. Get th...
How does a house electrical ground work? Are we just constantly pumping voltage through the earth?	[ "In the US, 120VAC has three wires: Hot, neutral, and safety (earth) ground. The AC power circuit is between the hot and neutral. The third wire is not there for the circuit's operation at all. It is there primarily for safety. The metal chassis of equipment is connected to the safety ground. Then if there's a s...	[ "Most of our blood sits in our veins. Our veins (from the heart down) have one way valves in them that prevent back flow and help blood get back to our heart without pooling at our feet. However, these valves are not present above the heart because we have gravity to pull the blood back. This means when you hang up...
What kind of script did the various Persian empires write in?	[ "The Achaemenid Empire generally used Aramaic for much of its history. This would've been written in Imperial Aramaic Script, which is related most closely to Hebrew script, but is related (sometimes closely, sometimes distantly) to other Semitic scripts. edit: [Here](_URL_0_) is what it looks like--it's on the bot...	[ "Incidentally, there's [another thread](_URL_0_) just today on Greek and Roman espionage. I posted [this article](_URL_1_) (PDF warning) on Byzantine intelligence there; I hope it and its bibliography can get you started." ]
How did India manage to become a democracy when so many other nations with conditions more favorable to democracy failed?	[ "A major part of India's independence movement was based on mobilizing people into action through non-violence. That in itself is a crucial part of any democracy i.e. involvement of the people. Also, India adopted the parliamentary system from the British and had a well written constitution soon after independence ...	[ "Each culture has an 'in' to a particular business in each area. So, one Korean family will come and open a dry cleaning business. When their cousins come, they will tell them the tricks of the trade and the regulations and have the business model set, so their cousins open up another cleaning business one town ove...
How do targeted painkillers work?	[ "It's all bullshit. They got in trouble in Australia not that long ago because there was no scientific evidence to back up their claims that you could sell Period Paracetamol and Migraine Paracetamol, etc. It's all just Paracetamol with a different picture on the box." ]	[ "Technically yes. The thing is that usually genes so specific to a different tissue (like insulin would be for skin tissue) are in a highly condensed chromatin state (ie. really turned off), so them becoming active is relatively... impossible. One thing scientists can do for example is take skin fibroblasts and ...
Is it better to let the cleaning solution/soap sit on its target for some seconds before rinsing and wiping it off?	[ "Short answer is yes, contact time is very important for disinfecting. As for length of time, it really depends on the surface you are cleaning and the type of cleaner you are using. More porous surfaces are more difficult to disinfect so increased contact time is beneficial. For handwashing contact time and tech...	[ "I don't so much think of it as an evolutionary thing. There's really no benefit to being confused. It comes down to computing power. Your brain just takes a minute to recall old information/piece together new information to develop an idea of where you are and how you got there. I'm currently in flight school and...
What is Self Soverignty and how would one get it?	[ "It is a myth perpetuated by militia types that the current gov't is not the \"legal\" authority of the US and can be ignored. The usually claim their personal view of religious or \"natural\" law supersedes secular law, which can be broken if it conflicts with the \"higher\" law. They basically just bury people wh...	[ "A photo is taken. Within the photo a fixed size is determines, like 5x5 feet. Within the square the number of people are counted. Then the total area being measured is divided into similar squares and the number of people in 1 square is multiplied by the total number of squares." ]
Would it be possible to calculate the surface area and/or volume of a tesseract/hypercube/etc?	[ "Not only that, but a tesseract has surface volume. Just as a square has four sides which are 1D lines, and a cube has six sides which are 2D squares, a tesseract has eight sides which are 3D cubes; thus a tesseract of side length x has a surface volume of 8x^3." ]	[ "Sort of. As you can see in Jurassic park 3, they can find out the shape of the voice box and get an idea of the nature of their vocals. They probably couldn't work it out exactly, and a lot of Jurassic Park is sort of filled in gaps." ]
What exactly does "half-life" mean? Particularly with drugs?	[ "A \"half-life\" is how long, on average, it takes for something to halve. For example, if a medication is absorbed at random by your body, it may have a halflife. If you take 100mg of something and it has a halflife of 1 hour, then an hour later you would expect to have 50mg left in your system. Then an hour after...	[ "Every time you make a copy of a cell, there is a chance for errors. For example when you photocopy a first print, it is pretty crisp and close to the original, but there are a few minor discrepencies. Now if you photocopy the copy, it gets more distorted, and so on until some letters get hard to read, it gets diff...
When a company recalls a product and specifies a particular 'batch' how do they come to the conclusion that it is that 'batch' which is faulty.	[ "Big companies they are operating with quality systems (6 sigma, Toyota quality system etc) and they can estimate how many failures they will get withing a batch. So if you have few failures from the same batch that tells you that something is not going right with your equipment, materials etc. So you inspect both ...	[ "Because we can predict their passing in the sky with accuracy (diabolical accuracy might I add) That is the power of Newton's mathematics. (Next time your kids ask you what is math good for this is a good example: math can explain and predict basically everything that is going on in the universe) By calculating i...
Which part of the EM spectrum is used for fibre optic communication?	[ "Generally, the infrared. Because of the way scattering (more for shorter wavelengths) and absorption (peaked at a couple of infrared frequencies) work in the standard glass fiber optic material, the best wavelengths of light to use are around 1550 nm, 1300 nm, and 850 nm. With some plastic fiber optics, a red wave...	[ "Briefly, because the [pair potential](_URL_0_) between bonded atoms is asymmetric. When atoms are bonded, they sit at a certain equilibrium distance where electrostatic attraction balances repulsion from the Exclusion Principle. The balance can be thought of as a potential energy well with an approximately parabo...
How come my sense of taste weakens when I quit breathing through my nose?	[ "Because 90% of what we think is taste is actually smell. Which is why people who have lost the ability to smell lose interest in eating as well. When you breathe, you also smell, if you reduce breathing, you reduce smelling and your sense of taste declines." ]	[ "You could always run a controlled study. By keeping track of what you eat and drink and tasting your semen regularly you should be able to make a determination as to the truth of the statement." ]
Why are we circumcised?	[ "From what I understand, it was a religious reason to Jewish folks, but it became more mainstream when John Kellogg(as in the cereal company) recommended it to prevent masturbation. I may be wrong, but that's what I understand of the subject." ]	[ "Evolution. People who didn't get that weird feeling when dangling their limbs from the trees they were sleeping on were killed by cheetahs." ]
What's discrete mathematics?	[ "You know how between 1 and 2, you've got all those numbers like 0.5, 0.75, 0.8 and so on? Between any two numbers, there's always more numbers. These numbers are seen as continuous. Continuous mathematics is stuff like calculus. The opposite of continuous math is discrete mathematics. It deals with numbers (an...	[ "Before I get all high & mighty about the term \"Dark Ages,\" can you define what you mean for us?" ]
Why is melted glass always gummy-like and not a pure liquid?	[ "Glass doesn't melt in the same way that, say, ice melts. Instead of a sharp phase transition it undergoes a [glass transition](_URL_1_), where the viscosity slowly decreases. [Here](_URL_0_) is the best chart I saw after a quick google image search, but you might be able to find more detailed examples. Even at the...	[ "The sugar grains are sort of fused together. You can make your own by getting sugar slightly damp, and then forming it into cubes and letting it dry." ]
Why does Nigeria have such a high population in comparison to the rest of Africa?	[ "This question was asked a couple of months ago, [here is the link to that thread](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "Demographics: Some shows with lower than expected ratings can hold on if their viewers are concentrated across key demographics. For example the show Friday Night Lights was able to hold on as long as it did because it's average viewer was among the wealthiest in the USA." ]
why does it feel so dirty to put on used socks but not other items of clothing such as a t-shirt?	[ "Your feet tend to sweat more than other parts of the body, making socks dirtier than any other piece of clothing. Just like how shirts tend to stink before pants would." ]	[ "Imagine you are made of genetic soup. Some people have ingredients that just don't go well together and make the soup taste bad. But that's ok, because when you have a kid, we just take some of my soup and some of my wife's soup and pour it in together. So even though my soup has some bad ingredients, her ingredie...
Is there a mid-term / medium-term memory?	[ "Everything you remember is long-term memory. There is only a long-term and a short-term memory. Long-term memory kicks in earlier then many people expect: when you try to keep a phone number, it's already your long-term working hard. Why you can't remember stuff like your yesterday parking lot? If you don't acces...	[ "Reposting my response from a similar qs: Metabolic activity of the brain has been shown to be pretty constant across time and across different mental activities. Transient task-related changes in brain activity are often small in magnitude relative to baseline activities (e.g. using changes in local blood flow a...
Why do people throw up after seeing other people throw up	[ "It potentially evolved as a survival advantage. We're a communal species, and tend to share meals. If you and Grok have a handful of poisoned berries, and Grok chokes some down first, he may be terminally poisoned. Grok's body senses this, and suddenly he upchucks all his berries, but it's too late, Grok dies. You...	[ "I think we develop a \"been there, done that\" mentality in ways. I can not watch cartoons now. No matter what the topic. The irony is I just can't pay attention to cartoons." ]
What are the best history books you have read in 2015?	[ "I'm not sure if it's a strictly history book, but I particularly enjoyed Mastering the Art of Soviet Cooking." ]	[ "This submission has been removed because it is [soapboxing](_URL_1_.), [promoting a political agenda, or moralizing](_URL_0_). We don't allow content that does these things because they are detrimental to unbiased and academic discussion of history." ]
History of science: Why was 'c' was chosen as the name for the value of light speed in vacuum?	[ "It wasn't always. \"c\" is generally said to be the speed of a wave in any wave equation, for the latin \"celeritas,\" meaning swiftness. [More information can be found on Wikipedia at this article.](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "The world currently adheres to the Gregorian colander, which sets the year 1 AD at the believed birth year of Jesus Christ. (The calender does not have a 0 year, it goes from 1 BC to 1 AD) Anything before that is marked as BC or Before Christ. (Or BCE for Before the Common Era) Anything after is marked AD or Ano ...

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