Subset (10)

eli5 · 25k rows

Split (1)

train · 25k rows

query stringlengths 20 300	positive listlengths 1 1	negative listlengths 1 1
Instincts, how they work and how a baby knows to suck on its mothers nipple to get milk	[ "When your potential ancestors didn't do this, they died. The one thing your ancestors all have in common, right back to the first molecule of organic matter, is that they survived long enough to produce offspring." ]	[ "The thing about our body language is that it is more symbolic than we realize. Sometimes when we try to remember something we sort of look around, as if we are searching around for the memory. This is half learnt behavior (we see others do it, and mirror it) and half physical reenactments of mental processes. When...
How do mammals with fur get vitamin D?	[ "Some animals can make their own vitamin D, from the sun, etc. Others, however must take in vitamin D from the things they eat. Humans can also take in vitamin D from the foods they eat. Another example is vitamin C. Humans cannot make it, they must consume foods containing it. Many other animals, mostly obligate c...	[ "We didnt, we lived in warmer climates until we learned how slowly over time as we moved north" ]
Why can't people in the US sue individual police officers like we can doctors?	[ "The state asserts \"sovereign immunity\". In other words, you can't sue the King (or the King's agents, etc.) unless the King agrees to let you. We don't have a King, but our government retains sovereign immunity. There are many times you can sue the state even when it doesn't want to let you. Exceptions to sovere...	[ "It takes a while to implement the changes. How would you like it if the law changed overnight and you had to pay fees/go to jail next day without having a chance to adapt yet." ]
After WWII, how come Germany wasn't dissolved?	[ "Well, it was, Germany was effectively divided into 3 parts, East German, West Germany, and Austria. Two of those states had military forces on the border facing each other. Furthermore, all Germany territories east of the Oder was forfeited to Poland, with massive deportation of ethnic German population. France al...	[ "For the same reason that the United States competes as a country and you don't see people from New York competing against those from Florida- sovereignty. In the United States, each state is, on some level, its own country- it makes its own laws, it taxes its citizens, and so on. However, the Federal government...
Are there any "flighted" birds that opt not to fly?	[ "Game birds such as grouse, pheasants, quail, and jungle fowl (wild ancestors of domesticated chickens) are poor flyers. They can fly strongly for only short distance to escape predators. We’ve bred this ability out of chickens, mostly, because humans want those big pectoral flight muscles (the breast) to be white ...	[ "I notice a lot of these natural selection questions are a lot easier to understand if you question the fate of the opposite, in this case the answer becomes clearer if you ask instead \"What happened to the living things that didn't try their best to produce offspring?\" Well they had fewer heirs and eventually di...
If you are in another solar system can you "see" or have sufficient proof that Mars is not habitable ?	[ "You wouldn't be able to \"see\" anything of mars. With our best telescopes Pluto looks like [this](_URL_0_). And with Mars only being about 1,000km wider than Pluto it wouldn't be any easier to see from another solar system. It would in fact be impossible to \"see\" with similar technology to ours. A spectrometer ...	[ "Radiation doesn't just blast the surface with cancer rays, it also whisks away the atmosphere. Mar's atmosphere is very thin and complex life that we have on Earth cannot survive (it is called the Armstrong Limit)." ]
How come when you close your eyes and press against them, you begin to see colorful light that continues to get brighter while you maintain pressure?	[ "While photons can stimulate the cells in your retina, they aren't alone. Electrical stimulation, and pressure, can also both provoke them to signal, among other sources. Those signals are sent to your brain. As far as your brain is concerned, it simply sees that a signal is coming to it along the optic nerve, and...	[ "It's a consequence of general relativity. The two fundamental principles of GTOR are: > 1. Matter and energy curve space time. They shape the geometry of space time > 2. Objects move in the straights possible paths through this space time. Because space time is curved those lines are not straight. So this mean...
What makes a circular paper airplane fly so well?	[ "Stability. 1. Circles are very hard to deform compared to other shapes. This means the \"wing\" will not flutter or collapse, which is the main problem when working with paper. 2. Having all of that weight at the bottom means it won't flip over, and won't roll over. It also looks like it is placed so that the more...	[ "There is something called miura-ori origami that has the properties you describe. _URL_0_" ]
Why does it take so long for humans to become functional after birth (i.e. Walking), whereas many animals are able to walk/run hours, if not minutes, after being born?	[ "Human brains are much larger and more complicated than those of other animals. They take much more time to develop. Many animals, in contrast, are born with almost fully developed brains. Humans brains need much more time to develop to their full capacity. In fact, human brains don't hit their peak until about 24-...	[ "Cooking externalizes a portion of the digestive process, making more energy available from most food sources. Oddly enough, they proved this in an experiment with snakes where one group was fed cooked meat and another raw. The snakes eating cooked meat grew larger, faster. Cooking has been a Human trait since befo...
Does dairy have the same environmental impact as beef?	[ "[This study](_URL_0_) suggests that the environmental impact of beef cattle per calorie consumed is much higher than for dairy (and every other source of animal protein for that matter). If you can access the study, Fig 2 shows that beef is higher for land use, irrigation and greenhouse emissions per calorie. In r...	[ "It depends on how close the explosion was to ground level, and how big it was, how much protective gear you are wearing, and how long you would be staying (are you coming out of hiding just to leave the area, or are you planning to live there?) TLDR: Bigger warheads, and detonations that are closer to the ground ...
Why hasn't a group like ISIS or Al-Qaeda declared land they control as their own country?	[ "Isis has tried to declare their own country with the territory they hold. The problem with being a country is that in order to be treated as such other countries have to recognize your authority over the land. Since nobody recognizes the authority of an Isis led government the Caliphate exists in name only." ]	[ "Underground? easy Cheyenne Mountain Complex already exists. Underwater? It would be difficult but not impossible. the deeper you build the stronger you need t build the outside structure to support the water pressure. Currently there are no reasons to build anything underwater unlike Cheyenne Mountain Complex. I...
Why is a sodium-potassium alloy more reactive than either metal alone?	[ "It's a eutectic alloy which is liquid at room temperature. When it slams into a watermelon, it disperses into very fine droplets as it starts off as liquid so you get a very fast exothermic oxidation which liberates combustible hydrogen from the water in the watermelon. The fine droplets have a higher surface area...	[ "You can generally get much of the same information out of each ensemble, but in some cases it is exponentially harder in some ensembles versus others depending on what you wish to study. For instance if we wanted to study the thermodynamics of phase transitions then we need to be able to study a system over a wide...
Why do officials test urine instead of blood for drugs in professional sports?	[ "They actually do test blood under some conditions in sports. However, urine tests are very non-invasive, easy, and reliable. Blood testing is more reliable, but more invasive and people don't like that too much, and urine tests are good enough in most cases." ]	[ "Costs money to build and maintain the facilities, some countries don't feel like taking on the burden of that cost." ]
Best of June Award Winners	[ "Woo! This means more to me than receiving an entire year's worth of tribute from Tochtepec! Thanks to all who voted and to all the other candidates who wrote up fantastic answers." ]	[ "hi! some other nominations: [What is the oldest recorded human name?](_URL_1_) [What is the earliest recorded name in your area that can be clearly identified as a name?](_URL_0_)" ]
How do meteorologists determine what the weather “feels like?”	[ "Humidity. When it's a higher humidity. The air contains more moisture. Our bodies sweat to combat heat. Sweat evaporates. It's easier to evaporate in low humidity because the air is willing to take in more water. When water in the air is high. Sweating no longer helps us because the air can't talk in as much moist...	[ "Using statistics. A representative sample of a country's population either get asked to keep a record of what they watch or listen to or have devices in their TVs or radios that do this. This information is gathered and the figures are scaled up to the whole country. EDIT: grammar" ]
what gives new cars that 'new car ' smell?	[ "\"The smell is mostly organic compounds in the vehicle off-gassing. Anything that is vinyl or plastic—the foam lamination on the seat surface, the plastic on the dash or on the door panel—it's the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) coming out of them that causes that smell.\" _URL_0_" ]	[ "The same reason you can walk through an airplane isle even though you are unable to move at hundreds of miles an hour (or fly). The same reason you are able to survive walking around outside even though the earth is spinning around at thousands of miles per hour. Ir more precisely, why you can swim in a pool even...
How is a piece of wood made into a thin piece of white paper?	[ "Grind raw wood into a pulp with your desired method, such as a grinding it with a machine. The pulp will contain cellulose, lignin (natural polymer), water. Chemicals are used to separate the lignin from the cellulose. Here you can bleach the pulp. This will leave a watery mixture of pulp which is then sprayed ont...	[ "There is something called miura-ori origami that has the properties you describe. _URL_0_" ]
Why does a chicken have to extend its head out to walk with each step?	[ "Humans have [eye stabilization](_URL_0_); you can look at something and keep it in your visual focus even if you move your head around - your eye muscles keep your eyes fixed on a target, compensating for the movement of your head. Birds don't have that, their eyes are mostly fixed, and they have to keep their hea...	[ "TL;DR: Power. A big part of our social structure is based on one person having power over other people. Most of us either want to lead, are jealous of the leader, or understand we're not the right person to be that leader. We see this in a lot of other animals like horses and sheep. The large-and-in-charge 'st...
Does the hard cider we made have more or less calories than the non-alcoholic cider it was made from?	[ "In general, one expects waste products of an organism's metabolism to have less energy than its inputs. That is, the sugar that the yeast eats has been partially reacted already in order to provide energy to the yeast, and the carbon dioxide given off is proof of that. Every carbon dioxide the yeast produces is on...	[ "It is not because the bat is lighter. This is false. It is because the wood will compress more when the ball hits the bat. The ball hit off a corked bat will come off hotter (faster) than a ball hit with a normal bat. Faster ball means more hits and hits that travel farther. In MLB, this means more money for your ...
When we talk about the age of universe or stars, in what reference frame are we measuring the time?	[ "We use a frame of reference where the cosmic microwave background has no velocity, which is about 600 km/s from the velocity of the Sun. This is the \"CMB rest frame\". In practice, most galaxies, stars, and planets move at < 1000 km/s relative to each other, so relativistic effects are so small that they're compl...	[ "Contraction of space doesn't mean what you think it means, it isn't a compressive force acting on the ship. Remember that in the ship's rest frame, it isn't moving at all, so it wouldn't make sense for it to be squashed - that would mean that you could pick out a preferred rest frame, which would itself be a contr...
If actual temp is above freezing, but windchill is below freezing, will water freeze?	[ "No, the only reason windchill \"feels\" colder is because it blows away the insulating layer of warm air surrounding you that your body heat creates. The actual temperature stays the same regardless of wind chill." ]	[ "It's a combination of factors, but the biggest was found in a study by a microbiologist named Peter Palese in 2007: the virus thrives in dry air. When you exhale, your expel a little bit of moisture; just tiny droplets too small to be seen. As the droplets fall to the ground, they start to evaporate. The virus in...
Can an overactive immune-system benefit me in any ways I am not aware of?	[ "It's possible, but not likely. Also, any benefit is probably going to be very, very minor (even trivial) compared to the problems it causes. But ultimately, it depends on what disorder you have. Autoimmune disease doesn't really mean overactive immune system....your immune system is acting at a normal level, it's ...	[ "At first glance, it might seem that having sex is a disadvantage compared to asexual reproduction as your offspring have only 50% of your genes vs being an exact copy. It is currently thought that by mixing genes to give novel individuals instead of identical copies of the previous generation is an advantage becau...
If it were possible to separate the two sides of the brain and stay alive, would it be possible to have two streams of thought simultaneously?	[ "Separation of the thick fibrous band which connects the two hemispheres of the brain has been done before. What they have found is that when disconnection actually destroys the communication between either side of the brain. This leads to some very interesting results. For example: since each side of your brain is...	[ "You actually still can. It's called [check kiting](_URL_2_) and it's super illegal, you will get caught, blah blah, disclaimer. Get three separate checking accounts. Write a check from account 1 to account 2 for whatever you would like. Go to bank 2 and cash it. Now you can either run like the full force of the FB...
Why are women smaller?	[ "In many species, the male is larger than the female due to [intra-sexual selection](_URL_3_), which is also called \"male-male competition.\" Essentially evolution drives the males to be large to compete more effectively for a chance at reproduction. In some species, however, the female is larger; in some cases t...	[ "I recall learning something about how the intervertebral disc tissue loses moisture as it ages and this has a compressing effect which can actually shorten ppl by an inch or so. Healthy discs = firm and plump Old/diseased disc = dried up, shrunken. Counteracting it? Stay hydrated and take joint and cartilage hea...
How do researchers get the right diseases (e.g. cancer) in mice?	[ "It is not a stupid question, nor is it a simple question. For cancer, researchers have bred \"Severe Combined Immunodeficiency\" or SCID mice, which do not have a functioning immune system. These mice can be transplanted with cancer cells from another organism (such as human) and the cancer will grow because there...	[ "A few things to realize before trying to draw conclusions like this: * Science is an evolving process that doesn't end with a single study. One study's results could be refined or contradicted by other studies, and it takes multiple iterations to suss out the truth. * Science journalism is terrible. University PR ...
How a Jeep is able to climb an almost vertical incline with not much trouble?	[ "a combination of low gearing, low center of gravity, and engine location. the engine being in the front means that the weight helps hold the front end of the jeep down, making it far less likely to flip while climbing. the low center of gravity also helps prevent flipping in the same way. the low gearing allows fo...	[ "While common sense says \"No\", newton's third law and all that, Mythbusters have actually proven that it DOES work due to some clever physics. Its similar to how old ships used to sail against the wind and all that." ]
First world/Thirld world countries	[ "Kind of relevant: The terms first world, third world and second world countries actually derived from the countries position during the cold war. First being anti-communist, second being pro-communist and third not having a stance. Since most poor countries did not have a stance, like most of Africa, then they wer...	[ "Due to a great inequality of wealth. Priviledged people and groups feel they earned all thier money and ignore how much was due to circumstances of their birth , so they think poor people just deserve to be poor Emphasis on rights and profits of corporations is another issue" ]
How does this work? Is it predictable given initial angles of each pendulum?	[ "Is it predictable given the initial angles of each pendulum? In theory, yes. The laws of physics which apply to this system are well-known. But that's not really a useful question, because we don't have magic perfect measurements. What we really want to know is, given numbers that are close to the initial angles...	[ "By an amazing strike of serendipity, tonight I gathered and crunched some data on this phenomena after a meager showing of experienced knowledge when [I asked a similar question a week ago](_URL_2_). Tonight I found a light that flickered \"when I got near it\", set up a digital camera on a tripod, and captured fi...
If Egypt was the only Bronze Age civilization that survived the collapse during the 12th century BCE, why were they incapable of taking advantage of their neighbors weakness to conquer them?	[ "The question is inherently flawed because Egypt didn't survive the collapses at the end of the Late Bronze Age - not intact, at least. Whereas New Kingdom Egypt was a unified state, Egypt was [highly fragmented](_URL_1_) in the Third Intermediate Period. There's always more to be said on the topic, but I touched...	[ "I've no idea if this is the correct place for this or not, however, I have recently completed (well, very nearly completed) my dissertation. It's on a topic that hasn't been studied in detail before, exploring the social impact of industrialisation in 19th century Coalbrookdale, UK. Colabrookdale is known for bein...
Why is it that when a novel is adapted to screen it usually follows the same plot, but when a comic book is adapted they usually only keep the characters but change the storylines?	[ "Because a novel is usually 200-500 pages and then an ending. It's possible to cram most of what happens in that novel into the movie without missing the best part, or skipping over anyone's favorite character. In the case of superhero comics, they usually go on for years and years, with dozens of plotlines and cha...	[ "Calculus is basically all about change in rates. The derivative tells me how any equation is changing as a certain variable changes and an integral is the opposite of a derivative. Instead of telling me how it changes, integrals tell me the result of a change over a variable. Using patterns and rules I can find ho...
How did the alphabet get ordered in the way it did?	[ "This question has been asked before a few times, so it got its [dedicated reply within the FAQ](_URL_0_) E:grammar and a duplicated link" ]	[ "Thank you for your submission! Unfortunately, your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): You can find the basic answer with a google / wiki search. Please start there and come back with a more specific question. If you disagree with this decision, please send a [message to the moderators.](_URL...
How did the concept of claiming "Sanctuary" come about? And more to the point, when did it die out?	[ "The origin is Biblical. [The Old Testament](_URL_1_) and the Talmud describe sanctuary cities where a murderer may flee to and live in exile. You may be interested in [*Sanctuary and crime in the Middle Ages](_URL_0_)." ]	[ "Honest question asking for clarification and not just me being snarky: Do things like [Cahokia](_URL_1_) or the various mounds built by the [Hopewell](_URL_2_) not count? There are also many remaining structures in the [Southwestern United States](_URL_0_). If none of these count, could you please rephrase your qu...
A high-vis jacket turns on the automatic hand dryers in public toilets, without being under the sensor. Can someone explain?	[ "The sensors, much like those used in oceanographic research, consist of a source and a receiver. The receiver responds to returned (bounce-back) frequency signals from the source. Therefore, it is not really a distance the sensors respond to, but a certain amount of return. The closer you are, the more returned si...	[ "\"One of the most common ingredients used was dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DHTDMAC), which belongs to a class of materials known as quaternary ammonium compounds, or quats. This kind of ingredient is useful because part of the molecule has a positive charge that attracts and binds it to negati...
Will regular exposure to a certain smell make you less or more able to recognise the same smell than someone who is rarely exposed to the smell?	[ "[Olfactory fatigue](_URL_0_) is the inability to sense a smell after being exposed to it for a period of time. It occurs to stop your nervous system from being overloaded and allows you to smell new scents easier. I'm not sure if this is entirely what you meant? But a smoker for example would suffer from this due ...	[ "For good recall, memories need to be recalled. Huh? Memories are reinforced the more they are accessed. In fact, there's evidence that when you remember something, the memory is accessed and mostly erased, then re-written. If you don't access a memory, it tends to fade away. But accessing it will refresh it ...
What happens if the member of a jury notices something during a trial that they need to be addressed to make a decision? Can they ask questions or try to get something addressed?	[ "The exact details will depend on where you are, but in general a juror can ask the judge a question about a point of law, typically by passing a note rather than just asking in front of the whole court. They can't usually ask a witness a question. Their role is to make a decision based on the evidence presented, n...	[ "If you ask for 1 pen, it costs you two dollars. If you ask for 100 000 pens, they will only cost you one dollar each. I prefer selling you 100 000 pens at half price, than selling you 1 at full price and have 99 999 sitting around doing nothing. In a similar way, if you ask for a small amount of money, you pay a b...
How do they salt pistachios when they are in their shell?	[ "They soak them in salt water. Then they dry them out and scrub the salt off the outer shell. The salt doesn't evaporate so it stays on the nut." ]	[ "One tip I have is make some trail mix in huge quantities. It still has the ease that junk food has but is tenfold better for you. I make mine from unsalted peanuts, almonds, roasted sunflower seed kernels and raisins." ]
how can the human body be so resilient at times and at others weak.	[ "It just depends on the specifics of the trauma. We're not just blobs of goo, we have an internal structure to us. Injure something really really important, like a major artery, and chances are you die. Avoid the important parts, and you have a better chance to live." ]	[ "The Theory of relativity. The same reason time seems to pass In a blink when you're enjoying a night with friends, yet seems to last an eternity during the last 10 minutes of work." ]
The Columbia "Mattress Girl"	[ "A girl had sex with some guy, then later regretted it, because she had been drunk (as had he). Because she can't accept personal responsibility for her actions, she decided to claim he raped her. Even though the University investigated her claims and realized she was lying, and despite witnesses supporting the guy...	[ "Victoria (u/chooter) was let go/fired from Reddit today, and because she does a lot of the background work behind r/IAMA it left that subreddit and a few others that also require her in a state of clusterfuck. [Here](_URL_0_) is a link to the explanation given by u/karmanaut on the whole situation." ]
Why aren't all bridges basically the same shape?	[ "Civil engineer here. It depends on many factors which include what kind of vehicles will be traveling over it, what kind of forces it will have to sustain, what the geography is, what the climate is, what is it spanning across, what materials are going to be used, the length of the span, etc." ]	[ "commercialism. if you were happy with your old stuff, you wouldn't need to buy new stuff. all the designers and manufacturers come out with new looking stuff and market the old stuff as ugly and new stuff as pretty in order to make money. our tastes are hugely influenced by others." ]
Why doesn't Boyle's Everflowing Flask Work?	[ "_URL_0_ The short answer is that when you set up a siphon like this, were the water comes out has to be lower than where the water starts from. A more theoretical answer would be what is driving this siphon is the potential energy in the raised body of water. If you expend that energy to move the water the most it...	[ "How do you tell the difference between a \"mathematical apparatus that works\" and something that is \"really real\"?" ]
If it's not the impact that kills you, but the sudden stop, are you more likely to survive an accident when your car is still than the other person hitting you?	[ "Trauma in an accident is correlated with sudden accelerations, so the vehicle with the greatest instantaneous acceleration is most likely to produce injuries. Energy balance can't be used because energy is consumed deforming the collided vehicles; however, we can assume conservation of momentum such that m1v1=m2v2...	[ "I don't so much think of it as an evolutionary thing. There's really no benefit to being confused. It comes down to computing power. Your brain just takes a minute to recall old information/piece together new information to develop an idea of where you are and how you got there. I'm currently in flight school and...
How were native Americans able to survive in the Sonoran desert with such little water?	[ "Since you're in the literary area, as something of an aside please allow me to recommend [Gary Paul Nabhan](_URL_0_)'s [\"Gathering The Desert.\"](_URL_1_) It's beautifully written and illustrated, and goes deeply into the lifeways of the Tohono O'odham people. If you haven't read it already I'm certain you'll fin...	[ "The dental plaque on Neadnerthal teeth shows evidence of plant grains that have been cooked: > Here we report direct evidence for Neanderthal consumption of a variety of plant foods, in the form of phytoliths and starch grains recovered from dental calculus of Neanderthal skeletons from Shanidar Cave, Iraq, and S...
Would a nuke detonating in atmosphere cause a big EMP like in MW2?	[ "Yes. This was first [tested over the Pacific in 1962](_URL_1_) and the [EMP](_URL_0_) did some damage in Hawaii, 900 miles away. A nuke detonated in the right place could affect most of a continent. It's caused by gamma radiation from the nuke interacting with Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field." ]	[ "Yes, it seems to do so every so often (on a geologic time scale) and we may be due for one in the next... ohh.. 10k-100k years. _URL_0_ That article doesn't seem too worried about it, and given how long it takes to happen they seem fairly confident that we'd be able to respond." ]
Why is "fancy english speech" so modulated?	[ "This is a satire of how the upper class (Posh) folks in England learned to speak during their early years at school, in elocution class. While it is embellished (making it satire), it's a fairly decent representation of that vocal training that occurs (and has historically occurred) in upper-class boarding schools...	[ "The characteristic sound of something is determined by its waveform (the actual shape of the wave that you hear). Any wave can be made by adding together different amounts of waves of different frequencies. If you know much about math, this is called a Fourier series. This means that most sounds you hear in your d...
Besides moving away from family, why isn't every student moving to Germany now due to free college tuitions?	[ "You have to be able to comprehend German at a university level." ]	[ "This is akin to asking why we don't have a cure for mosquitos. After all, couldn't someone just analyze the smell and appearance of mosquitos, and then develop a micro robot that specifically targets them? The pathways you describe are active research pathways, so far as I know. But research is hard, and actually ...
- What do politicians actually do?	[ "Well up to 50% of their time....is spent phone banking for more money. Yup, we pay for them to spend time trying to get more money for campaigning. > Despite a $174,000 salary, members of Congress do the job we elected them to do only “part time.” The rest of the time, they are chasing money for their re-election...	[ "Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How did we figure out how many protons each element has? ](_URL_0_) 1. [ELI5: How did scientists figure out how many protons are in an atom? Or, even, what an atom is made of? ](_URL_1_)" ]
Why phone and laptop companies still use Li-ion batteries?	[ "They’re all still in the development stage- not yet possible to mass produce efficiently, meaning they’d be quite pricey" ]	[ "Because the law required them to be back-ward compatible with anything and everything ever invented. And people expect them to look a certain way, so they keep it up. And because it's a lot of time from Very Important Useless People (congressmen) to change the law for something that's really not that important. Am...
Would a smaller planet with a weaker gravitational field be able to support more massive creatures?	[ "In terms of a \"weight scaling with size\" sense, yes. However, I also believe a smaller planet would support a less dense atmosphere. Supposing that the creatures need air to breathe and depending on the atmospheric content, such creatures might not be able to breathe. Compare with Mars - sure, larger creatures w...	[ "We can use ~~spectroscopy~~ to determine elemental composition, light levels of the star being obstructed by the planet to determine it's size and orbit speed, and the wobble of the star itself as an indicator of the mass of the planet. When you know the mass and size (and therefor the density) as well as what ele...
Where do countries borrow money from?	[ "They announce they plan to sell a something called a bond. A bond is basically a piece of paper saying \"hey, after X years, we'll give you back what you paid plus a little extra\". Then all the people who want to buy bonds get one. Lots of people want to loan money to governments, so they don't need to send out a...	[ "Let’s say you and Billy were talking about a classmate named Eric who sometimes doesn’t do his homework. > Billy says, “I bet you Eric will miss a homework assignment this year.” > You say, “That’s not true!” > Billy says, “Oh yeah? Let’s bet on it. I’ll give you $1 for each day Eric does his homework. Bu...
degrees of black belts	[ "Note that the whole belt system only dates back to the 1880s, so it is not exactly an ancient tradition. Every school does their own thing. Your typical strip mall McDojo will pretty much give you all the black belt degrees you want, if you stick around long enough and your checks clear each month. In other schoo...	[ "Because the scale ends at D. ABCD are letter grades. F stands for \"Fail\" and just happens to be two letters after D but it isn't that E was skipped." ]
How does the court decide who gets to pay child support?	[ "The person who does not have custody of the child has to pay child support to the person that does. Usually the amount is based on how much they make." ]	[ "I've always wondered this too. I know for sure they get money from the ads on their page because of the amount of viewers coming in each day. I've also heard that its by the number of views per video or total subscribers. That I'm not to sure about tho." ]
How does anesthesia that puts you to sleep work and how is dosage calculated?	[ "Just to add that there is sometimes a misconception that the anaesthetic dose is one-shot, i.e., we give all the anaesthetic you need at once. This is only true for very minor and short procedures. Major operations require continuous titration (read: adjustment) of anaesthetic drugs to keep you asleep and alive (a...	[ "We are a pharma loving people. There is a newer prescription pill epidemic and I think it partially reflects that. People tend to think that because someone gets a prescription for these pills that they are safe and sanctioned. And in ways it is better than heroin in that it is regulated. However, many people are ...
What are the effects on my body from eating a certain amount of food evenly spread out throughout the day VS eating that same amount of food in one sitting?	[ "You blood sugar is more even over the day, and research suggests that having less and lower spikes in blood sugar will cause your body to store less fat." ]	[ "Houses are really expensive. Paying in smaller payments means you still have money to purchase other necessities (food, clothing, transportation). Paying in a few large payments would put a huge dent in peoples' wallets, and so would either have to forfeit other necessities or purchase a house that may not sui...
Why are humans often born with misaligned teeth? What in our evolution caused this?	[ "Dentists aren't entirely sure, but one of the [popular theories (here - _URL_1_\") is that, in primitive diets, the teeth would be worn down quickly and the spaces would be filled in by erupting teeth. Since we have processed/soft diets, there is less size reduction of the teeth and they crowd more easily. Another...	[ "You have a [Vestibulo-ocular reflex](_URL_0_) which automatically corrects your gaze to accommodate any self-initiated head movement. To demonstrate this reflex, nod your head. Your eyes will automatically move counter to the direction of your head in order to keep these words fixed on your retina. Jaw movements d...
If Neanderthals became extinct by breeding with humans, how were they a different species in the first place?	[ "A lot of people classify both Neanderthals and modern humans as subspecies of the same species: Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens sapiens. That’s still up for debate, but the interbreeding is a strong signal in its favor. There’s still a lot we don’t understand about the disappearance of the Neand...	[ "Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?" ]
Why certain medicines are recommended after the meal and not before and on empty stomach? And vice versa.	[ "From the NHS website (UK health service) \"To reduce side effects of stomach irritation, including indigestion, stomach inflammation or ulcers. \" So basically, some medications have irritants which can irritate your stomach, especially with the large concentration of the pill going straight into one place. Food ...	[ "Words that often appear together are called \"collocations\", and it's simply the way we've learned them. We tend to process them as indivisible units -- phrases, rather than separate words. For example, when we say \"apples and oranges\", we're not thinking of two different kinds of fruit and then putting them in...
Why do some stores (e.g. Gamestop) have multiple stores located in close proximity to each other?	[ "The design of a store like Starbucks looks to maximize efficiency. You want to use the space to the greatest effect. In general you don't want to end up with some sort of mega-monstrosity where you have 20 baristas working a 50 foot long counter. Same thing applies to McDonald's; I don't think I've ever seen one w...	[ "Different gasoline taxes. Different distances between the nearest refinery. Different blend requirements for the gasoline(California). Different requirements on who's allowed to pump gasoline into a car(Oregon/New Jersey). Different minimum wages. Different property values for a gas station sized plot of land. Dif...
Did the Rosenbergs committ espionage or was it an unfair trial during a period of fear?	[ "I would say yes to both of your questions. Morton Sobell(tried/convicted with the Rosenbergs) admitted to spying in 2008 after maintaining his innocence throughout. Morton implicated Julius and said that Ethel was aware of what her husband was doing. Most of the strong evidence supporting the guilt of the Rosenber...	[ "I'm not a Tudor historian, but I expect the most relevant part of the article is the paragraph buried in the middle that reveals the source for this conspiracy theory is an American novelist with a new thriller to sell (with some obscure quotes from Bram Stoker, another fiction novelist, thrown into the article fo...
Before X-rays, was there a definitive way for doctors to identify a broken bone besides a very obvious break?	[ "By feel. It's still a very common way even today. X-rays can tell you a lot about where and how exactly a bone is broken, but to identify an injury as a broken bone and to ascertain an approximate location doesn't necessarily require an X-ray." ]	[ "Edited: I have heard two things... * Rockets sent up to record various aspects of the test. * Vertical smoke flares which are used to observe the shockwave Edit 2: [Seems like it is a combination of the two](_URL_0_): > Sounding rockets or smoke flares may be launched just before a device explodes so that their v...
Would you be able to see the Earth from the Sun?	[ "We can see Mars from the Earth through its entire orbit, yet Mars is smaller than the Earth, farther from the Sun than the Earth, and has a [lower albedo](_URL_0_) than the Earth. So Mars reflects less light from the Sun than the Earth does, yet we can see Mars when it is more than 1 AU (1 AU is the Earth-Sun dist...	[ "This has actually already been done, [here is a video](_URL_0_). The problem is that the image coming from the eye is full of gaps and errors which our brain has evolved to cover up. We think we see a perfectly clear image but in reality it's distorted and constantly waving back and forth." ]
Were there any dark skinned Roman Emporers?	[ "I'd recommend you check out this [answer](_URL_0_) by u/Gama_Rex" ]	[ "How would we know what an \"average citizen\" thought? Every text we have is produced by the elite class. Whether people lost friends or family is impossible to know in the specifics. We do know that military disaster did not affect the political careers of the generals involved. Rosenstein in Imperatores Victi ...
why do people move their house? I see parts of homes being moved on the freeway. What is the purpose?	[ "What you are most likely seeing are [manufactured homes](_URL_0_). These are homes built in a factory and then shipped to the location. They are normally shipped in pieces and assemble on a foundation. It is like a giant lego set." ]	[ "Lets say you get a mortgage of 150k. That loan is worth FAR more than 150k to the bank, and so they can sell it to another bank early on for a profit, say for 200k. That new bank assumes all the risk at that point and reaps most of the benefits, while the original bank gets a quick cash infusion. Win win" ]
Why, with exception of a few, don't reality singing show winners (The Voice. American Idol, etc) have any commercial success? If the American people vote on the winner, one would think there would be more albums being bought	[ "If they had a show where the singers actually wrote their own songs and sang them then maybe the success would follow suit. On these shows they are basically voting for the best karaoke singer." ]	[ "> how does moving some nonexistent boundaries change the way the election will go? [Take a look at this picture](_URL_0_). There are 9 blue voters and 6 orange voters. A, B, and C show three ways of redistricting the map. In option A, blue wins all three districts by a 3-2 vote. In option B, blue wins 2 districts ...
How do I find the top historians in a certain field? X-post from history.	[ "I know journals give a good representative of the top historians in WWII history, ANE history and Ancient Roman. This should be the case for other fields of history. For someone to publish several works in a peer-reviewed journal, they have to be serious and very prolific in their fields. Journals are a good place...	[ "BTW, for those that are downvoting this question, I would appreciate it if you could take a moment to explain the motivation. On reddit in general I could care less if something I write gets downvoted, but here in askHistorians it decreases the chances something I ask will get answered so if I am breaking some sor...
Why does a week have 7 days?	[ "Just like a lot of time-measuring concepts (60 seconds / 60 minutes / 24 hours) it is thought that the 7-day week comes from the Near East around the time of the ancient Babylonians. While 60 and 24 are great number values for time (divisible evenly by lots of denominators) I'm not sure why weeks are 7 days. But ...	[ "You mean the Animal Planet one? Hype and marketing. Then it became a euphemism for menstruation (I'll fill you in if you want, but it's gross sex stuff...) and took on a life of its own." ]
What would a substance that is one atom thick look and act like?	[ "In [this](_URL_0_) image, the dark square in the middle is a one-atom thick layer of carbon." ]	[ "What you're describing doesn't resemble any real world phenomena (not if you mean a truly 2D object), so there is no meaningful answer." ]
Black people were living as noblemen in Portugal during the 16th Century, what happened to them?	[ "Could you please share some more information on these black noblemen? Are we talking about members of the Kongolese nobility who relocated to Portugal, or other people of African descent who ascended to the nobility of Portugal?" ]	[ "Can you flesh out your question a little bit? Africa was pretty fully inhabited before the Bantu expansion/migration. The Bantu migration is a combination of replacement of populations and of cultural shift (so, \"Bantu\" populations expanded both because they replaced non-Bantu populations and because non-Bantu p...
Does E=mc^2 imply we can create matter?	[ "Yes, it does. Put in enough energy, and you can create matter. For instance, a collision of two photons with a total energy of 2 x 0.511 MeV has a high probability of producing an electron-positron pair." ]	[ "When it costs millions of dollars to produce a gram of gold, the price isn't likely to be crashing any time soon. It doesn't really have any economic implications as such. The energy is more valuable than the results of such transmutations, generally, though governments are obviously interested in producing pluton...
What aspect of a substance influences its dielectric constant?	[ "The dielectric constant of a material is defined by it's linear response to an external electric field. On a microscopic level it can be understood as how tightly electrons are bound to the atoms of the material so that they can form little dipoles or even be removed from the atom and become conduction electrons w...	[ "Because we decided to name compounds that way as standard convention called iupac. Just as how we decided on subject verb object order. You could say peroxide hydrogen and a chemist would probably be able to understand what you're saying just as an English speaker can understand \"chicken I every Tuesday dinner e...
Why do funny things make us curl towards our core and fall over?	[ "Laughing activates the abdominal muscles and diaphragm, we curl over instinctively to ease breathing." ]	[ "They're vulnerable areas that you reflexively want to protect. In nature, tickling teaches how to protect your sensitive areas, how to fight others while not doing harm or damaging (too severely) social bonds. The purpose of play, basically." ]
Were any conquistadors sacrificed in Aztec temples?	[ "I'm pretty sure there was a small party of conquistadors captured and sacrificed (and then the remains sent 'on tour' to bolster Aztec morale to show the Spaniards weren't gods). Don't have a source, though. Edit: Now I do. [source](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "If you want to read the story of how someone actually did it: [No Man Knows My History](_URL_7_) by Fawn Brodie Also, since you brought up the guy who kidnapped Elizabeth Smart, if you want to see what makes these guys tick, check out: [Mormon Fundamentalism & Violence: A Historical Analysis](_URL_6_) Also check...
How would free college tuition affect the economy, colleges and universities, students, and overall the United States?	[ "You might take this question to /r/AskEurope, as several European countries have had free college tuition for many years." ]	[ "You have a lemonade stand. You sell it for 50 cents a cup. One day you find out it's going to be very hot outside and people are going to want more lemonade. You figure you can get away with selling it for a little more since the demand is there. So you start charging 80 cents. You notice that the number of people...
If a lone hydrogen atom is inside a vacuum tube in a dark room, does its electron move around at all within the s1 orbital probability distribution. If so, why?	[ "When an electron is not being observed, the probability of it being found in a different increases. > at moment 1 it occupies the position in space x, and at moment 2 it occupies the position in space y > that implies that the electron both \"is\" somewhere definite in space at a given moment This isn't really c...	[ "A common misconception about thrust is that the thrust pushes against the ground, and that's what pushes the rocket up. But imagine you tape a balloon to a straw, and thread a string through the straw, and tie that string up horizontally. Inflate the balloon and let it go, and you'll see it rocket horizontally wit...
Is there such a thing as election do-overs in Democracies?	[ "Well, the UK doesn't have a written constitution, so Parliament can pretty much do whatever the hell it wants. I believe that would include the power to cancel Brexit, but I'm definitely not a UK constitutional law scholar. The answer to your question is that it is unnecessary. Democracies all have methods to re...	[ "The Taxes tanken from our checks are estimates. Sometime people pay too much or too little. When doing our taxes we figure out how much we really owed. Some payed too much and get a refund. Some paid too little and need to make up the difference" ]
What did the Roman Empire call itself after the capital shifted away from Rome?	[ "They called themselves Romans and their Empire the Roman Empire. When Constantine XI died in 1453, he died as Emperor of the Romans, not \"Byzantine Emperor,\" as that is a later invention by historians both as a derogatory name and as a useful way to differentiate between the classical Empire and the Christian Em...	[ "Sure, and at around the same time as the Great Migration of African Americans. When Henry Ford began offering $5 a day for working in his factories and the midwest economy began to boom,a lot of people in the Appalachians left for good jobs in Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit. One route, Highway 23, was called the Hill...
how a bagpipe produces music	[ "A bagpipe is literally a \"bag\" of air, with a bunch of pipes sticking out of it. A person blows air into the bag, and squeezes it (usually under their arm), which produces sound. Some of the pipes only make one or two notes (known as a \"drone\"). Other pipes can be played by covering air holes with your fingers...	[ "The phone's electronics know what sound the speaker is putting out, so they electronically subtract this from what the microphone is receiving. _URL_0_" ]
Why doesn't UN put pressure on USA to change its gun law?	[ "No, the UN doesn't have the power to do that... for at least 2 reasons. 1 - The UN does not have the kind of authority to even consider forcing countries to change internal policies like that. 2 - The US can and has told the UN to fuck off. The US in a lot of respects is the UN... or at least the part that is he...	[ "If you have Netflix there's a very good documentary titled \"the world without US\" It explains your exact question." ]
Why are cars created that can go 200 mph+, when the maximum they’ll ever face is maybe 80 mph?	[ "A (standard) car that can drive at 80mph safely is easily going to be able to go 150mph unsafely. So basically, just because a car can go up to 150 mph, doesn't mean it can do so entirely safely. You also have to consider that some people who buy cars that can go above 200 mph are the types who can afford to drive...	[ "Inflation. Let's put it this way, in America it used to be that you could buy a steak dinner for let's say $5. Then today that same steak dinner would cost $50. How much we pay for things, and how much we get paid has increased slowly over time. In other countries, it has increased way faster, so something that us...
Why is Lieutenant pronounced "Leftenant" by british people?	[ "(Some British people, and also all other Commonwealth armed forces, to be clear) There is fair evidence (in terms of how the word was spelled in middle english) that both \"lef\" and \"lieu\" pronunciations have coexisted for some time. The French word \"lieu\" (place) on which the word is based, is occasionally s...	[ "Lower right corner, there is your tray, click on the icon that looks like a keyboard, and change the setting to US English, or just US. If you don't have this little icon, look for a little taskbar that can be anywhere on your screen, usually at the top. Change it to US settings. It happens whenever you change yo...
Why do our nipples get hard when we get cold/somebody touches them?	[ "I'm no expert, but from what remember learning at a different time, it is due to the presence of two things: erectile tissue and nerve endings. [Here is an explanation from /r/askscience about why they get hard when cold.](_URL_0_) Hopefully, that is at least a start." ]	[ "It's your \"instinct\" getting your fight or flight response ready. Your body is anticipating an emergency and starts dilating blood vessels and increasing adrenaline so you can act faster if/when it happens. Edit: To clarify, this is not a prediction of the future, conscious or otherwise. It's your body picking u...
Why hasn't any woman ever gotten a Fields Medal ??	[ "Pure maths has been a field dominated by men historically, for whatever reason (and you didn't really ask about those reasons, so I'll let others handle that question here). More importantly, even if that changes over time (and it appears to be somewhat), less than fifty of these have ever been awarded in total. ...	[ "The short version in this case is because F=ma is a rather large simplification of the Conservation of Momentum, and this simplification only works for non-relativistic cases. Once you start dealing with the long forms of the equations involved, it becomes apparent that for something with mass to accelerate to the...
How come when hot metal is placed in cold water, it does not shatter like glass?	[ "It actually can shatter depending on the type of metal it is. Regular high carbon steel \$used for making knives\$ is really susceptible to cracking and breaking if you quench if in water. It has to do with the metal crystals themselves during the quenching process. When you quench steel slowly i.e. in oil the m...	[ "Definitely a physics question. Sharp objects have a tiny surface area, and since pressure= force/area this means that the exert massive pressure relative to the force applied. I guess the chemistry behind it is that there are numerous strong intermollecular or interionic forces that prevent the object from bending...
When Earth completes a full rotation of the sun (year) is Earth on the same axis tilt relevant to the solar system?	[ "No. The effect is called [precession](_URL_0_) and the axis of the earth goes through one full circle about once every 26,000 years. So, a year from now, the axis will be almost (but not quite) pointing in the same direction." ]	[ "Heating the Earth all day with sunshine alters the atmosphere compared to letting it sit and cool all night. There are different amounts of moisture and particulate in the air." ]
how does cancer kill people?	[ "Tumors (and even non-solid tumours, like leukemia) kill through a whole host of mechanisms. Here are a few: (1) Mass effect. If a tumour squashes something important (especially the brain), then you will die. (2) Bone marrow damage. If a tumour depresses your ability to produce any type of blood cell, you will die...	[ "When cells divide they make pretty much exact copies of themselves. Introduce radiation to the equation and the copying process goes screwy and the new cell is different. Rinse and repeat over and over and you end up with body cells which are completely different in shape size and function to what they were origin...
How come fuzzy blankets are so much warmer than non-fuzzy blankets?	[ "They trap additional layers of air and trapped air is a very good insulator. So fuzzy blankets are warmer as a result." ]	[ "It's all about relativity. If the Hulk ran for a quarter mile, he'd only appear to be moving a few dozen widths of his body size. If a dragonfly then traveled the same distance and speed, it'd appear to be moving thousands of widths of its body size. So they cover the same distance but relative to their body size ...
When a nuclear bomb goes off, is the area immediately irradiated?	[ "In a way yes, the area is immediately subjected to electromagnetic radiation. It's one of the byproducts of a nuclear reaction. You should know the diffrence though between radiation and radioactive atoms. Veritasium explains it better then I can: _URL_0_" ]	[ "Media companies \"Nuking\" torrent files with data. Nuking basically means they put some kind of trojan horse in a movie/video game file, so when you download it, they can track it and report you to your ISP." ]
Why does the US use Fahrenheit when the rest of the world uses Celsius?	[ "Let's build a cube. A meter tall (or 100 centimeters, 1,000 ..millimeters) wide and deep. Let's now fill it with water: Exactly 1,000 liters of water will be needed. For a weight of 1,000 kilos, or a ton. This water will boil at 100 degrees C and freeze at 0C. oh my god metric's haaaard, man!" ]	[ "\"Just about everyone here\" Where is \"here\" for you? It sounds like your question's premise is based on a small sample set based on personal observation. Before your question is addressed, you should be making sure the premise is valid..." ]
Why when diffusing a bomb cutting all wire simultaneously won't work? I would imagine it would cut power to all sources.	[ "Depends if the trigger circuit is NC (Normally closed) if you don't cut the spark/ignition source first and you break the trigger circuit first, which is normally a closed circuit, that wire cut will cause the explosion to happen. Now your concept in a vacuum makes sense, but you cannot cut through ALL the wires a...	[ "Read about a guy who passed out drunk in college, slept for too long on his arm, woke up and did bad enough nerve damage that he couldn't use his arm for months, had to undergo physical therapy for it, etc. Finally regained movement. Read another story about a girl who did the same thing with her leg and needed am...
More Reps/Less Sets vs. More Sets/Less Reps and Why?	[ "one will build explosive strength (less reps, more weight) the other will build endurance strength (more reps, less weight)" ]	[ "While eating them over 20 days or in 1 day will be the same net amount of caloric/sugar intake, spreading it out allows your blood sugar levels to be more consistent. eating a bag of candy at once will spike your blood sugar - this is bad! If you are diabetic, this is REALLY BAD and can lead to a number of health ...
Do Islamic women also believe in the notion of having 72 virgins in heaven?	[ "That's still being disputed among those of the Islamic faith, with some attributing it to a bad translation. Shia Islam doesn't even include the controversial hadith that mentions 72 \"virgins\"." ]	[ "So, I don't know if you know this, but Blackstone did just what you are suggesting. After the housing crash of 2009, they went out and bought up homes in different cities. They put them all under the umbrella of a REIT (real estate investment trust) called \"Invitation Homes\" and then spun it out in an IPO a few...
Why do circuit boards need transistors/what do they do?	[ "You are thinking of capacitors. Capacitors are used to regulate the energy flowing through a board. Rarely will you have a 'clean' energy flow. There will be dips and spikes along the way. The capacitors help smooth that out and provide a little extra juice and buffers to prevent jolts on or off from damaging the ...	[ "You may want to do a search or look in your textbook for the term body diode. This is a \"parasitic\" diode that forms from the structure of a MOSFET, and keeps the MOSFET from being a totally symmetric device like it is in theory." ]
Why do galaxies have a bright spot in the middle?	[ "There are more stars more densely packed in the center. We can't see them individually because they are so far away." ]	[ "Inflatable beach balls are mostly empty space, too. The thing is, light bounces off the outside surface of the beach ball and back into our eyes, just like it bounces off the electrons around an atom's nucleus." ]
Why doesn't a slinky going down an up escalator keep going forever?	[ "Just as with a regular set of stairs, a slinky often will stop for reasons other than reaching the bottom. With an escalator, you would need to perfect the timing so that the slinky is not going too fast and reaches the bottom or too slow and hits the top. [Otherwise, it can work fairly well](_URL_0_)" ]	[ "You might be interested in [Can you win at TETRIS?](_URL_1_) The conclusion is: even if the machine only gives you \"S\" and \"Z\" pieces, it can give them to you in such a way that it forces you to stack them infinitely high, no matter how you play. I recommend reading the full article, it also considers many oth...
Is there a "universal center of mass"?	[ "No, as far as we know the universe lacks an unique center of any description. An easy was to demonstrate this to consider what a center of mass calculation requires, it requires mass to stop at infinity, i.e only local distributions can be considered. If our universe is homogeneous and extends forever, such a calc...	[ "We do use antimatter currently for practical uses, ever heard of a PET scan? It would be the ultimate energy storage medium because gathering meaningful amounts of antimatter from nature is impractical. The best place to find it now is in the van Allen radiation belts." ]
What are Computable Numbers?	[ "The set of Real numbers is _uncountable_. That is, you can't assign a natural number to every Real number. However you _can_ assign a natural number to every Turing machine: the set of Computable Numbers is _countable_. Therefore the set of Computable Numbers is a subset of Real numbers. To take a specific case, f...	[ "They have a built-in languge. The newer code you write is translated, by a little program called a compiler, into the language the computer innately understands." ]
Why is soda bad for you?	[ "All of its calories are from sugar, high consumption of which is associated with: weight gain, heart disease, diabetes, and possibly depression and even cancer. Sugar is also pure \"empty calories\" that contribute no nutrients that your body needs." ]	[ "When people diet and try to lose weight, it is usually fat that they are trying to get rid of. Fat is how your body stores energy. Just like the fat in the food you eat has calories, the fat in your body has calories. If you burn 2500 calories, but only eat 2000 calories, your body will use body fat to make up the...
If the moon orbits the earth, and the earth orbits the sun, what does the sun orbit?	[ "Fundamentally, the Sun orbits the centre of the galaxy. Our galaxy - the Milky Way - is made up of hundreds of billions of stars, and these (plus interstellar gas and dark matter) provide enough mass and gravity to keep our Sun in a nice fairly-circular orbit. There is a supermassive black hole in the centre of ...	[ "Australia is 25.2744° S, sitting at the Tropic of Capricorn, while New York is 40.7128° N, far away from the Tropic of Cancer, which is in México. Since New York is further away from the Equator, on average, it's colder than Australia. Now, why places at the Equator tend to be hotter than those at the Poles? The E...
What is this coaxial cable component?	[ "It's a power inserter. It injects a DC voltage to be used by an antenna amplifier further down the line." ]	[ "Need more detail! Was the pilots voice being played through the speakers? If so, are your headphones wireless? Or did the headphones not cancel out the noise like you thought they should? Edit-- * If playing through the speakers, your headphones are wireless and the signal sounded fine: digital comm problem (im...
Why has The US developed such a preference for cold beverages.	[ "Hello prospective respondents. Everyone loves to talk about food (and drinks!), so just a reminder of which sub we're in: it's /r/AskHistorians so no personal anecdotes, urban myths or conjecture. Respondents here are expected to have expertise in the subject, offer in-depth information and cite *reputable s...	[ "_URL_0_ study linked in other link _URL_1_ page 1136 has the key graph world war 1 and 2 had a pretty major impact on getting a generation of americans to keep a clean shaven look forced on them by the military. for this i'm assuming politicians aren't any different from the normal man. interestingly the safet...
What state of matter is a blackhole classified as?	[ "It doesn't really make sense to classify a black hole as a state of matter, but the closest thing would be a vacuum. Given of course the proviso that our knowledge of black hole interiors is limited on both a theoretical and observational level." ]	[ "You should in theory be able to move about at any point in the sun; it's plasma all the way through, and is never solid. It does get very dense near the center ([Wikipedia](_URL_0_) says 162 g/cm^(3), that figure being obtained from computer models since we can't exactly measure it directly - for comparison, water...

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