query stringlengths 20 300 | positive listlengths 1 1 | negative listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|
ELI26: How does the Russian military stack up against the U.S. military? What would an all out WWIII be like? | [
"Both sides have sufficient nukes to destroy the other within 90 minutes max."
] | [
"There once was a playground in which two children were playing. Their names were Israel and Palestine. Israel asked, \"Why are we fighting?\" Palestine said, \"I don't know. Let me search for an answer on my computer. There's a search box in the corner of my screen and this question gets asked on a daily basis.\"... |
If I log in to other sites with my facebook account, what will happen to my accounts is Facebook goes bankrupt? | [
"This is an open issue. Your saving graze is that companies usually does not go bankrupt without any warning. So you will likely have time to change over your account if that were to happen. In fact the likely reason for Facebook to go bankrupt is if the users are deserting them in the first place. What is a bigger... | [
"[This gel is your brain.](_URL_0_) when you got shot in the head it doesnt usually create a nice clean hole. Your brains essentially get slammed around against your skull and is more or less turned into scrambled eggs. when your entire brain is essentially FUBAR you tend to die very quickly."
] |
What makes an SSD faster than a HDD? | [
"Put simply - moving parts. A HDD needs to spin to the correct place, and the head needs to move to the correct part of the disk, before the data can be accessed. The only thing moving inside a SSD is electrons."
] | [
"I thought it was explained pretty well by this old tek syndicate video _URL_1_ Definitely worth a watch!"
] |
why can't emulators regulate framerate on intense sections on some old school games? | [
"There should be a framelimiter that prevents the game from running in like 200fps. When more sprites come on screen more resources are used but it should be negligible for a modern day computer. If you get slow downs it could be because poorly coded video drivers, your computer could be poorly optimised (I highly ... | [
"I would have to guess probably the efficiency of the code itself. I wrote a program that converts images to black and white in real time (shows the conversion on screen) and before I streamlined the code it didn't matter how fast the pc was it took the same length of time to process basically. once i streamlined i... |
Why do I go to bed with perfectly clean teeth and fresh breath and wake up with awful breath? | [
"There are alwayas bacteria in your mouth. When they do their stuff( eating, pooping, love) it Starts to smell after a while."
] | [
"The body can get energy from two sources (well 3, but since you are a kid I'll ignore alcohol. Also, I don't think that's stored in the body for any length of time anyway) fat and sugar. When you eat the body immediately starts using all that delicious sugar it got. After a while it starts running out of sugar an... |
[Neuroscience] I have read that the asymmetry of our brains is what separates us from animals. At which point in our evolution did this occur: did any of our ancestors also share this quality? | [
"Umm I don't think that's the story as to why we are \"different\" than animals. Many different organisms have lateralized brains. The major difference is our incredibly developed cerebral cortex, most notably the prefrontal cortex and its connections to other brain regions. _URL_0_ \"Specialization of the two hemi... | [
"All human body hair covering falls under two categories: either the hair is located in places where it helps to reduce friction (armpits, inner thighs, around the nipples, etc...), or in areas where there is a large amount of heat transfer (specifically, the head), and exists to regulate temperature. To answer yo... |
Since we breathe out Carbon Dioxide, How does this help somebody during mouth-to-mouth CPR when they need Oxygen? | [
"Because we don't use most of the oxygen in the air we breathe. The air you exhale still has most of the oxygen left in it."
] | [
"Most Christmas trees are grown on tree farms, not harvested from forests. In order to get the ideal shape for the tree, the tree needs space to grow, must be trimmable, kept free of critters, disease, etc. A christmas tree takes about 7-10 years to grow, and during that period of time it is extracting carbon from ... |
Why do pills such as Paracetamol come in a nice number like 500mg, But others such as Aspirin come in numbers like 81mg? why not 80? | [
"For some medications it's because they come in both micrograms and milligrams so they make one of them slightly off so people don't accidentally take 1000x the usual dose. Baby Aspirin comes in 81mg because it's 1/4 as much as normal Aspirin which is \"5 grain\" or 325mg."
] | [
"Imagine I took a standard piece of paper. I could fold it into 4 pieces, then cut the top and bottom a bit, staple it, and have a small book. This is called a signature. They can be as small as 4 pages, or much larger. A book is typically made up of several signatures. The result is, I can take two 4 page signatur... |
If a person was born lacking all senses (sight, hearing, feeling, etc.), would they know they exist? | [
"It would be very difficult for a person to have no sensation at all. This is because the real senses we have are many more than the sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. We also have a sense telling us our orientation in space, the position of our limbs, whether or not we need to go to the bathroom, hunger, etc. ... | [
"The guy who brought him the soup forgot to bring him a spoon also, so he had nothing to eat it with. Instead of simply saying: \"I need a spoon\", he tells the man to taste the soup, knowing that he will be unable to do so without a spoon."
] |
Quantum Suicide/Immortality | [
"Basically if the idea of many parallel universes is true, then any life threatening incident *with a chance of survival* must in some universe not kill you. There must be a you that survives every dangerous incident in their lives and thus essentially lives forever. The problem with this is that in the event of a ... | [
"This is one of those times where \"why\" is basically unanswerable [see this](_URL_0_). We can go only a little bit further back and say that it is because quarks are charged but that's pretty much it. Beyond that the only answer is \"because experiment\""
] |
Why does calculus work? | [
"A derivative is simply a rate of change. Calculus is all about rates of changes, derivatives and integrals and the like. Calculus allows you to measure and solve for and otherwise calculate the rate of change and the value of any function at a given point. The reason that optimizations “work”, or rather exist, is... | [
"You know how authors write long stories using letters and words and the rules of grammar and writing? Its just like that. With enough knowledge of how to read (math), these kinds of explanations make sense. Dont feel bad that you cant read it. Its just like if you tried to read a story in a language you dont know.... |
Sometimes, in a rush, I just rinse my hands with water (no soap). Does this do anything? Or should I just not bother washing them at all? | [
"I recall testing this in biology class in high school (about 4 or 5 years ago). We had some samples of bacteria, and tried to \"clean\" them with Mr. Clean, Lysol, Pine Sol, and hot water as a control. Turns out Pine Sol is basically good-smelling colored water, and Lysol is only a little better, although the wate... | [
"Before DNA science was practical in criminal cases, the only evidence left on a gun would have been fingerprints, which gangsters (both real and fictional) would prevent either by wearing gloves or covering the handle of guns with fingerprint-resistant tape. If there were no fingerprints on the gun, then the only... |
How can everyone have a unique fingerprint? | [
"Consider a 1cm by 1cm area. Now, consider each square millimeter to be a binary on/off bit. That's 100 bits, or 2^100, or 1267650600228229401496703205376 different combinations. Now, fingerprints aren't binary like that, but generally a ridge in your fingerprint can split, stop, or continue at a given point. Even ... | [
"technically because of [HOX genes](_URL_1_) and related things like [homebox](_URL_0_). That is, similar genes in all ancestors"
] |
Why were early 20th century ocean liners scrapped so quickly? | [
"The wiki article you linked seems to answer your question to a certain degree: > Olympic returned to civilian service after the war and served successfully as an ocean liner throughout the 1920s and into the first half of the 1930s, although increased competition, and the slump in trade during the Great Depressi... | [
"It's way, way, *WAY*, too expensive. The power plant alone would probably be more expensive than the entire lifetime cost of an average bulk carrier. Not to mention the insane mess of regulation that is involved with running a nuclear reactor. Basically, big ships run on bunker fuel, and bunker fuel is ludicrously... |
Why didn't Russia and the US get along after WWII? | [
"We didn't get along *before* World War II. The USSR was very pro-communist and one of their precepts was that Communism should be spread (by force if needed) to Capitalist countries. They were a threat to the US and our economic system. Only reason we sided with them was because he liked the Nazi's even less."
] | [
"If you have Netflix there's a very good documentary titled \"the world without US\" It explains your exact question."
] |
Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science | [
"I'm writing a story with relatively hard science, and it involves someone from Earth with no governmental oversight flying spacecraft around the solar system. How hard would it be for us on Earth with modern technology to notice this, and what would give it away if we did? For example, would we easily notice the w... | [
"Custom and practice. If you build it and it falls down, you do it again differently. When it works, you keep it like that. That, and people weren't stupid or uneducated - the Greeks were fairly capable mathematicians, as were the Egyptians"
] |
Does Empty Space have a Reference Frame or is it Possible to have 0 Velocity? | [
"There isn't a universal reference frame, any inertial frame is equally valid. There *is* however a reference frame in which the cosmic microwave background is most isotropic, and we are moving about 600 km/s relative to it. There is nothing special about physics in this frame though."
] | [
"Keep in mind what happens when sound is generated. When I hit one billiard ball into another, it makes a sound because the material in each ball is resisting compression, so they compress then rapidly expand. This creates a wave that is then transferred to the immediate surrounding material. In this case its the a... |
Why are most of the foods that taste good bad for you? | [
"You're just viewing it from your perspective. To me, junk food is good but I'd rather eat properly prepared broccoli. Try accustoming yourself to different foods and healthier foods and you'll see that junk food does not always have the better taste."
] | [
"You can figure out what components are in the food through a series of chemical tests. So if you want to know how much fat is in the food, you could extract out the fat using an organic solvent, filter out the non-dissolved parts, and weigh how much each part weighs. Or if you want to know how much salt is in the ... |
Why, as a 24 male, my lower body is very hairy while my upper body is not so hairy? | [
"It's just genetics. Some men get hair on their chest at 14, others don't get the until they're 30+."
] | [
"Say you have a hammer and nail. If the hammer head is bigger than the nail, then the force of the hammer is distributed evenly against the head of the nail. The nail will go straight into the wood. Now say you have a hammer and a nail, but the nail head is bigger than the hammer. When you hit the hammer against t... |
Why did China not veto the UN involvement in the Korean War? | [
"After the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, Chairman Mao's communists controlled all of mainland China (known as the People's Republic of China) while western-supported republicans (the Republic of China) retained control of Taiwan. The RoC was given the UN security council seat of China as a way for the weste... | [
"[Here's another response I wrote awhile back on this topic](_URL_0_) — feel free to ask follow-up questions though! Short answer: 1. they knew about the idea of atomic bombs prior to Hiroshima, 2. they got their initial information about what happened to it from American announcements, 3. they sent a survey crew t... |
How fast could the chasquis (Incan messengers) deliver goods or messages across the empire? Do we have any reliable sources about this? | [
"hi! there's room for more input on this; meanwhile, you can get started on a couple of previous posts * [I often hear of the Inca system of runners and royal roads. How effective were these runners at passing messages?](_URL_1_) * [How did the Inca administer their empire without a written language?](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Alrighty guys, because apparently maturity and self-control are in short supply tonight, I'll go ahead and make this thread-level post. * **Your jokes are not funny.** Needless to say, they do not belong here. If your comment has no substance, do not post it. If any further jokes occur here, you will be warned, wi... |
Why does it get increasingly harder to swallow as I'm holding breath? | [
"It's due to the fact that the esophagus lies directly behind the trachea with only a small sheet of muscle separating the two cavities. This allows an increase in pressure in your lungs(which would increase pressure in your trachea) to constrict your esophagus. As you hold your breath you are unconsciously increas... | [
"Find a kitchen sponge. Soak it with water. Now try drying it out with a syringe. If you spent enough hours to succeed, the sponge would fall apart from the huge number of holes you've made. And lungs are much bigger than kitchen sponges and the air cavities are smaller. And there are ribs and things in the way too... |
Why do households not earn the double amount of money with both partners working nowadays as compared to the traditional times when only men went working? | [
"The cost of living has increased faster than wages have. Additionally, we have more expenses today than we did in the past (cable t.v, phone, internet, etc), and many expenses are simply higher relative to income (retirement, health care, education, housing, etc)."
] | [
"Hi OP, this is a cultural question, so it would greatly assist anyone considering answering if you could specify which culture you're asking about. For example, the name of a cultural group / country / geographic region, plus a rough time period. Otherwise, this question is simply too broad, as it encompasses almo... |
How can marvel citizens be okay with magic, gods, super science, aliens, and superhumans destroying entire city blocks, but not mutants? | [
"The writers made them do it. That said, I doubt the people who have a problem with mutants in the Marvel universe are okay with random gods, aliens, etc any more than they are the mutants. Except the X-men (and related) product lines just delve into it more. Moreover... Okay, Thor exists. You don't like that dirty... | [
"Some people think it's govt overreach to force people to buy health insurance(or anything for that matter) like obamacare does. Some people think it's the wrong approach to the problem. (Free market vs govt). Some people trust all the people telling them that it's horrible, and assume that they're absolutely right... |
Since everyone hates ISIS, why arent all western nations already bombing the piss out of them 6 ways to Sunday? | [
"Every time you kill some people, it makes other people mad."
] | [
"> Also, how is the US able to operate with such debt and how come other countries don't ask for their money? They do, of course. The US has debt structured with many entities. These structures include payment timeframes. The US pays on those time frames. It does not simply generate debt and sit on it. Nor does it... |
What is the determining factor of identical vs fraternal twins? | [
"Identical twins are one fertilized egg that splits in two. They are (initially) genetically identical. Otherwise there are two or more fertilized eggs that are genetically the same as a brother and sister. Basically with identical twins there's one egg/sperm payload - a single genetic combination - that splits aft... | [
"A lot of different ways. Before DNA it was based on things like reproductive structures and methods, physical traits, geographical location, and stuff like that. But now DNA sequencing seems to be the way to go, an example of this is with fungal species"
] |
My debit card is dying, and the grocery store clerk revitalized it by putting it in a plastic bag before sliding it. What effect makes this work? | [
"Couldn't have told you the why, but I can tell you from register running experience that the easiest way is to do this is to tear off a little bit of receipt paper and put it around the strip. Then you aren't fighting all the extra plastic."
] | [
"Nausea is a response to poisons or sickness. Even motion sickness is evolved from the idea that dizziness from poison/sickness triggers some of your body's motion senses but not others. Fresh air where there was none is a sign that you got away from something (poison/rot/disease), and for motion sickness specifica... |
Responding to claims that Canadian history is boring. | [
"While I'm afriad I can't help you with biographical stories, Canada featured prominently in both WWI and WWII, by the end of D-Day the Canadians had gone further into France than the Americans and the British. _URL_0_ Canada also has two out of five of the longest recorded sniper kills in history, with no America... | [
"I've always been fascinated by the wide variety of \"Fall of Rome\" arguments and how they're affected by historical perspective. I was wondering: **Does your historical specialty advocate a certain theory for the fall of the Roman Empire? or what's a unique argument for the fall of the Roman Empire that you've co... |
What happens to the Fermi level when two metals of different Fermi level are brought into electrical contact? | [
"You're correct: electrons flow across the boundary until the two electrochemical potentials (=Fermi levels) equalize. This results in a slight excess negative charge on the metal with the lower Fermi level, and vice versa. [Here's](_URL_1_) a very readable treatment of the topic. The search term you want for furth... | [
"Touch screens sense the [capacitance](_URL_1_) of your fingers, which is a related but different concept from conductivity. Implementations do of course vary, but the basic idea is that you have a grid of sensors which continually measure the capacitance of a local region; when you touch the screen, you change the... |
How Life Insurance policies work? | [
"You die and your beneficiary gets the money from your policy, after whatever adjudication they feel is necessary"
] | [
"Thank you for your submission! Unfortunately, your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): You can find the basic answer with a google / wiki search. Please start there and come back with a more specific question. If you disagree with this decision, please send a [message to the moderators.](_URL... |
What causes bright lights to be physically painful? | [
"I can only offer speculation, but the size of your pupil is controlled by muscles. My guess is that the pain is from these muscles being tightened after being relaxed for a while. No research I've found suggests you have pain receptors in your eye."
] | [
"I found this article about it: _URL_0_ Here's the tl;dr of it: Atoms emit photons occasionally. Our retinas occasionally pick these photons up, even if the source is inside your own body. Plus, photons can sometimes stimulate other nerves directly."
] |
When I'm taking a shower, why does the water get scalding hot when someone comes in and flushes the toilet? | [
"reduction in the pressure of the cold water, since some of it diverts to the toilet, but the hot water remains at full pressure"
] | [
"Lightning is an electrical current between the clouds and the ground, and like all electrical currents it tries to take the path of least resistance. Fresh water is a very poor conductor and humans are a significantly better conductor, meaning that if lightning hits water and is trying to reach the ground the \"sh... |
How are people double-jointed? | [
"Being \"double-jointed\" is a misnomer, the correct term is hypermobility. There are various causes that can cause this and can vary in severity which is why some even among those with hypermobility there is a large degree of difference. Some people just have \"stretchy\" tendons others have joints with altered bo... | [
"I think [John Green](_URL_0_) from vlogbrothers does a pretty good job of explaining it."
] |
Why is our pee stream not always straight and sometimes even goes to multiple directions? | [
"There are two factors when it comes to 1. The opening of the urethra, sometimes the opening doesn't open all the way. This can be due to lack of pressure, dirt or some other factors. The point is, it doesn't open properly and urine is forced out through different parts of it therefore, different directions. This ... | [
"Yes Each cell in your body has 2 copies of 23 chromosomes, 23 from mom and 23 from dad. Sperm has a single set of 23 chromosomes, each one randomly picked from mom or dad. In addition, chromosome from mom and dad also exhange information. So even if you get a chromosom from your mom, it might have some Dad's gene... |
Why can some autistic people seem neurotypical? | [
"Autism comes in several types and a wide range of severity. It's possible that the \"autistic people who don't seem autistic\" are either mildly affected, have a non-classical type, or both. Another possibility is that they seemed \"more autistic\" when they were younger, but have learned strategies to try to appe... | [
"Marketing. It makes the reader more easily relate to them. They aren't really a group of editors and publicitsts pushing the book, it's just that one person in a small town that wrote a story."
] |
Why is boiling point of perfluoropentane les than pentane? | [
"The boiling point of a substance depends on the strength of the interactions between molecules. There are several different types of interactions that can contribute, but for hydrocarbons like pentane, the only type that matters is called \"dispersion.\" Essentially, due to random fluctuations, the electron cloud ... | [
"It has to do with [polarizability.](_URL_0_) In short, the easier it is to distort the e^- cloud around the atom, the easier it is to react."
] |
Magnets and Compasses | [
"Opposite polarities of a magnet attract. Take a bar magnet and hang it on a string. The north end of the magnet points north. For the north end of the magnet to be attracted toward the north direction, there must be a south pole in that direction. The north pole is actually magnetically south. So the north end of ... | [
"Similar, but not the same. Not space-time bending. Treating the gravitational field as curvature of space-time only works because all bodies are affected by gravity in the same way. Not so with electromagnetism. Nonetheless, electromagnetism is a field, like gravity. Bodies don't act directly on each other, but r... |
If the minimum wage is increased to $15 what would stop businesses from just charging us more accordingly? | [
"Businesses can't set prices at whatever they like. If the prices go up too much, people will stop buying their products. The extent to which demand for the product shifts due to changes in its price is called *elasticity of demand*. Some goods' demand is very elastic, like luxury products--if the luxury is too exp... | [
"A fundamental truth of nature is that you cannot tell from any purely local observation how you're moving relative to something else. This is a very simplified version of what's called the *equivalence principle.* So the answer is nothing. Nothing at all happens to electricity as you approach the speed of light. B... |
Presidential elections | [
"These CGP Grey videos are good. [Primaries](_URL_1_) [Electoral College](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Explain it like you're five? So somebody like an American version of Justin Bieber isn't swept into office because of his fan base."
] |
Why are the people of a land as big as China relatively so culturally similar while Europe and the Middle East are so full of different people and cultures? | [
"Are you sure China is as culturally similar as you say it is, or are you just unable to pick out the differences? As an ethnic Chinese, I find there are differences in the food, speech and customs of every Chinese province, especially since I have a good sense of what should be familiar. By contrast, when in Indi... | [
"I could flip the question and ask why Felidae (housecats to cheetas to tigers) has so much more variety of physical characteristics than Canidae (wolves to foxes to dogs)."
] |
Space and time are just 2 facets of the same thing (spacetime), and this ST has been expanding in all directions since the Big Bang. I can understand what that would mean spacially (galaxies moving apart from each other), but what would that mean temporally? | [
"[This post of mine](_URL_0_) answers a similar question (\"what does it mean for time to expand?\" or \"if time is relative, how do we know the age of the universe?\"). I strongly encourage you to read through it and the links therein for all the details. The short answer is that it is possible to unambiguously ta... | [
"I assume you're referring to the constellations. Constellations have no physical meaning. I fact, they don't even really line up! Three stars that appear to be in a \"line\" in the sky are almost certainly at different \"depths\" in the sky. This is a little difficulty to explain because of the English language, b... |
Religion historians -- How people lived through transitions from one major religion to another? | [
"In particular I would like to hear what it was like for the Scandinavians to switch from their Norse gods to Christianity so quickly given how opposed these ideologies and beliefs inherent in these two religions were."
] | [
"Hi - we as mods have approved this thread, because while this is a homework question, it is asking for clarification or resources, rather than the answer itself, which is fine according to [our rules](_URL_1_). This policy is further explained in this [Rules Roundtable thread](_URL_3_) and this [META Thread](_URL_... |
What is the periodic noise being made from speakers when a cellphone is near it? | [
"i'm good guy, i used search for you _URL_0_ here is one marked as explained: _URL_1_"
] | [
"Interference. You can stop it by using a hard-wired connection instead of wireless. Failing that, reposition your wireless access point or your microwave."
] |
I understand that oxygen is the oxidizer in combustion reactions not the fuel. This being the case, why is it so unsafe to have sparks in high oxygen environments. If I am in a hyperbaric chamber for instance, what is the fuel? | [
"Everything else is the fuel, Materials that burn slowly or barely at all in normal conditions can vigorously burn or even explode in high oxygen environments. Your clothes for example would burn very badly in an oxygen environment. As you increase the pressure the reaction is pushed to completion. For O2+C- > CO2 ... | [
"Regulations that exist that require detectable metal in the firearms for that very purpose. Titanium doesn't make a very good barrel, it expands and flexes to much. Titanium alloys have been used in the frame on certain models, but those trigger the metal detectors, not only because of the alloy material, but beca... |
Do photons compress, like bouncy-balls, when reflecting off of mirrors? | [
"Photons are, to the best of our knowledge, points particles, with no internal structure or size."
] | [
"As your velocity with respect to an object increases, the object *is* physically contracted in your frame of reference, but it doesn't *appear* to be contracted. This, which might seem counterintuitive, is ultimately because in addition to length contraction, light from different points of the object arrive at you... |
Does the amount of chromosomes in an organism mean anything? How are they expressed physically or genetically? | [
"I do a whole bit about this in my biochem course. There doesn't seem to be any correlation. Indian muntjac has 3 gigantic chromosomes, humans have 23, Atlas blue butterfly has over 100 chromosome-like structures, blue whales have 44, bees have 32, so on and so forth. I still haven't been able to come to a reasonab... | [
"It's required by law. There's a section in the Japanese criminal code that prohibits the distribution of 'obscene' materials. The current interpretation of that section is that genitalia should be obscured in pornography."
] |
Supplements: Vitamins, Minerals, Etc. | [
"[Here's](_URL_2_) a blog by Steven Novella of Science-Based Medicine (a doctor and researcher) about this exact topic (there are links to research within his posts). In that post, and others, he generally suggests that vitamins are only appropriate for those with deficiencies and should be taken under the care of ... | [
"People [buy ad space on reddit](_URL_1_). (In the sidebar, disable adblock on reddit if you have it on and want to see the ads). People buy membership for additional features, [Reddit gold.](_URL_0_) Reddit sells stuff in the [Reddit Store](_URL_2_)."
] |
How is data transferred from spacecrafts or satellites to Earth, particularly at such great distances? | [
"By radio, and then big receivers on the ground to listen, and send back messages. There's basically nothing between the spacecraft and earth, space is big huge empty place, so with proper receiving equipment, its fairly mundane to do radio communication from something, even insanely far out there in space, to back... | [
"Simpler explanation: I write you a letter that says \"This letter was sent from < my address > on < date > and < time > . Please send me a letter back as soon as you get this, with the exact time and date you received this. You follow the instruction and send the second letter back to me. When I get your letter, I... |
What is the first recorded war? What do we know about it? | [
"Was the uniting of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt in 3100BC a result of a war?"
] | [
"Congrats! You've asked what may be the single most-asked question on /r/AskHistorians. That's good news, because it means we have [a big FAQ file devoted to your question](_URL_1_). Check it out, and I hope it helps! *Edit: And [here](_URL_0_) is a great answer from /u/talondearg, who answers it quite a bit.*"
] |
How do stars with a CNO cycle run out of fuel? | [
"The effective net result is the same for both the p-p and CNO cycles. 4 protons react and form 1 helium + energy. In the p-p chain, the protons fuse with one another. In the CNO cycle, the protons fuse with C, N, or O, and at various stages the energy, helium, and other products are given off. So in both cases, th... | [
"If you are really interested in this, [watch this.](_URL_0_) It's a one hour lecture by Dr. Hans Mark, who was at NASA during the 70's and lead some of the deep space missions. The short answer is that they rely on gravitational boosts from other planets (usually Jupiter) and the sun. The orbital trajectories are ... |
At what point would James Bond die if he were cut in half by a laser starting at his crotch? | [
"The spinal cord ends actually not much higher than your crotch. Cut that open, and suddenly Mr. Bond is leaking cerebro-spinal fluid. Between that and the blood loss (especially if he nicks his inferior vena cava, which is nearish the midline of the body), he would actually die pretty quickly. If the laser is movi... | [
"I've always looked at it like this. Of course a man's wishes should be heard. But that gives you a democracy of two. That creates an obvious problem. How to break ties when each wants something different. Since it is the woman's body being affected she has more stake in the matter so she breaks the tie. Well if y... |
Why when someone has severe hypothermia do they feel the urge to fall asleep even though it kills them? | [
"You've just got cause and effect a bit reversed. Your body falling asleep is _because_ of the cold \"winning\" over your bodies attempts to generate heat, not a sort of poorly-designed \"intentional\" response. When your body begins to fail at self-regulating temperature under extreme conditions it can't help but... | [
"I'm not an expert in Australian weather terms, but here in Canada we actually have two different terms for this kind of thing: humidex and wind chill. The humidex is used in summer, and is typically higher than the \"real temperature\", because humid air *feels* hotter than drier air. The body cools itself by swea... |
why isn't there Advil PM available without ibuprofen as a sleep aid? | [
"It is. It's called benadryl. Advil is known for ibuprofen so it would make sense that if it has Advil in it, it would also include ibuprofen. Note: Pfizer makes both benadryl and Advil"
] | [
"Three ways: * A shorter form of the name of the compound or active ingredient. eg: Tylenol is derived from the chemical name for the compound, N-ace**TYL**-para-aminoph**ENOL**. * They licensed the drug under a certain chemical name and use that. FDA: Acetaminophen is the sold name of Paracetamol * They use somet... |
How dark is it inside the human body? How translucent are our muscles, fat, and connective tissues? Can our intestines tell if we are sun bathing? | [
"Muscles are very opaque to visible light. Anything that is below muscular tissue would be shielded very effectively from visible light, especially your gut. Of course, there are many types of electromagnetic radiation that can go right through a human body as if it wasn't even there, so it depends on which part of... | [
"Sadly, they are. Not \"us\" meaning not me or most of the people who try to carry on interesting discussions, but many of them are posted by the same idiots who come to an AMA with a mastectomy patient and spew \"TITS OR GTFO!!!\" all over the place. There are stupid assholes here, as everywhere. I always try to e... |
How can the Sentinelese people, who number ~250, and been living on the same island uncontacted for 60000 years, not number higher in population or be inbred to the point of severe consequence | [
"* We don't actually know how long the Sentinelese have been on their island, only that it's more than 300 years. We know anatomically modern humans reached the *general area* about 60,000 years ago, but that doesn't tell us when they reached that particular island. * We don't know that they've been undisturbed the... | [
"As I've mentioned in [other threads](_URL_0_), Wessex during the period in which *The Last Kingdom* is set was actually studded by a fairly extensive and sophisticated network of look-out posts and signalling beacons connected with garisson forces at local *burh* fortifications. This network was also then extended... |
A good beginner's workout routine, explained without any of the lingo commonly found on fitness subreddits that outsiders like me struggle to follow | [
"For starters, you need to specify what kind of workout. That is, Weightlifting, or Cardio. Weights are used to build strength and muscle mass, while cardio is exercise that involves maintaining a high heart rate to burn calories, get in shape, and (depending on what kind of cardio you do) tone muscles. You need to... | [
"[Metabolic rate,](_URL_0_) and [time of day you eat,](_URL_1_) don't really matter much. It's honestly just as simple as calories in, calories out. Obviously your general health will be better if those calories are \"good calories\" like veggies and proteins, but in terms of weight loss, you really just need to ea... |
What's happening in Syria and why isn't anyone doing anything about it? | [
"After the recent uprising against Egypt's president, who had been rigging elections in his favor for decades, people around the Arab world started trying to do the same thing. When the people of Syria began demonstrating, however, the government reacted swiftly and violently, which caused the situation to escalat... | [
"[**Search before submitting**, especially when asking about current events. The search box is in the upper righthand corner of the page.](_URL_0_)"
] |
What makes Switzerland so special? Culturally and Militarily. | [
"It really mainly is the geography, and the cleverness of the inhabitants who learnt how to effectively make use of it in case of invasion. Look at [this](_URL_3_) relief location map. You see, not the whole country is surrounded by mountains, but the [jura mountains](_URL_1_) make for an excellent defense line, as... | [
"You seem to forget one of the most controversial events of his career: the secret and illegal bombings of Cambodia, who during this time was neutral. Just putting that out there."
] |
Why are people encouraged to look for a new job while still employed, but are frowned upon looking for a new bf/gf while still in a relationship? | [
"Can you survive for a long time without a bf/gf? Oh, you can? There you go..."
] | [
"Cause love is the only thing that matters in the end. Or in a less poetic way, the only thing evolution gives a shit about is how many surviving offspring you get, and how many offspring they get and so on. So we have evolved to form bonds that would help with the survival of our offspring. As far as evolution i... |
why does the Lockheed C-130 Hercules still use propellers instead of jet engines? | [
"C-130s do not \"simply use propellers\" like older airplanes did. The propellers are turbine driven, not piston driven. They use [turboprops](_URL_0_), which are extremely efficient and can carry heavy loads. The C-130 is designed to carry cargo, not move quickly."
] | [
"This guy explains it very nicely: _URL_0_ Generally the idea of the hemi is good, but it is not very efficient when you design the layout of the valves and sparkplugs, and it is difficult to get a good compression in. Pent-roof is the way to go."
] |
How can Mars One, legally, attempt to send people to Mars even with the general consensus being that the "contestants" they are sending will probably die soon into the mission? | [
"Many believe it will be for the betterment of our species as a whole and all those being sent are volunteering, I volunteered but apparently Mars doesn't need a music teacher Edit: yet Edit edit: Many not getting the sarcasm in my statement, but if you've seen Mars Attacks you'd know it was really shit music that ... | [
"Pharmaceutical companies are required to report any side effect that occurs in any patient taking the drug during a clinical trial, whether they think that adverse event is related to the drug or not. Some clinical trials can last for a year or more. In addition, many clinical trials are for medications that treat... |
What is the 'mental barrier' that stops us from biting our fingers | [
"It's called \"pain\". I'm not being flippant, that's seriously what it is. [Some people are born without the ability to feel pain](_URL_0_), and they're at great risk of chewing off their tongues or fingers or damaging their eyes."
] | [
"You essentially create a battery in your mouth, the pain you feel is a small electric current. _URL_0_"
] |
Need help regarding British East India Company's rule in India during the 20th century or the time period of Ghandi's opposition to the British. | [
"This is a bit of a ticky-tack correction, but East India Company rule in India ended after the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, after which the British government took direct rule. So, in the 20th century it is anachronistic to talk of East India Company rule. Now, to actually provide some useful information. I would direct ... | [
"No. And to discuss why involves discussion of burden of proof. \"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.\" Sailing across either the Atlantic and Pacific, and making contact is a pretty extraordinary claim. Books such as \"Peru Before the Incas\", and \" The Last of the Incas\" have nothing to say abo... |
what is the difference between a psychologist, a psychiatrist and a psychotherapist | [
"Psychologist: A person who has obtained a PhD in Psychology. They may or may not practice psychotherapy (many just research). Psychiatrist: A person who has obtained an M.D. and specialized in the field of psychiatry. They may or may practice psychotherapy. They are also the only psychotherapists who are allowed t... | [
"NPR recently did a piece on this. Part of it is if the artist charges $200 then the artist is a money grubber. If a scalper does it, it is expected. Here is the piece. _URL_0_"
] |
What is the smallest possible sustained flame? | [
"_URL_0_ It would be related to the Kolmogorov length scale. Basically, the point at which viscosity diffuses the flame front faster than combustion can occur. For laminar flames, very small indeed."
] | [
"Basically any molecule that has a optical exitation at the wave length sent out by your fluorophore, which depends on its electronic structure, can act as a quencher. You'd have to be a little more specific with your question."
] |
Why is protectionism (specifically in a US context) a bad idea? | [
"Well if we put steep tariffs in place for their products, they'll do so for ours, in the end everyone ends up screwed. It might be an acceptable practice in very particular conditions or limited timeframes, but generally it just makes everything more expensive. Also, it would definitely piss off countries that imp... | [
"Let's say you're starting a business and I loan you the money to get started. You make your payments and manage to keep the lights on. Soon, you start making a profit. I, who loaned you money, don't come demanding more money because you're making the payments on which we agreed. Your buddy Jeff has a business, to... |
If you look at a planet from many light years away, you see images of events that took place many years ago. Does the light that provides us these glimpses into the past ever disappear? Or does everyone have a permanent "light life" that can be viewed by future civilizations forever? | [
"If it doesn't interact with anything, light will keep going on forever. Photons are completely stable so they won't ever decay on their own. Light can be absorbed or distorted when it interacts with stuff. For example, any light that you see with your eyes has been absorbed, and it no longer exists. So, to answer ... | [
"This is a difficult question to answer since your eye does not work like a CCD with a refresh or frame rate per se. There is a small delay when after recieving a photon a retinal cell cannot recieve another (since the molecule needs to be \"recharged\"). I actually don't know what this time delay is perhaps a bett... |
Why do people like being scared? | [
"Endorphin rush. Same reason why (in shape) people feel invigorated after a run or workout."
] | [
"That would most probably be your body dumping adrenaline into your blood when something happens, the effect is almost instant. Part of the fight, flight, freeze, or fawn response."
] |
Why bugs shrink their legs to the middle when they die? | [
"Sorry for my English. Spiders' legs are moved by their Blood or something close to Blood. They are hydraulic. If u kill spider, hydraulic preasure goes down and then you See described effect."
] | [
"Are you sure it froze solid? The inside would be the last to freeze, since it would be insulated by the initial ice formation on the exterior. If there is an unfrozen interior and the exterior begins melting, you might get the impression that it melted from the inside out."
] |
Why do ping pong balls ignite when lit with a match? | [
"Ping pong balls are made from [celluloid](_URL_0_), which is itself flammable. When you light the ball on fire, it heats up. In the interior, the celluloid evaporates and jets out of the aperture burned in the ball, and it makes a larger flame. Most plastics are flammable; celluloid is chemically similar to guncot... | [
"Chemical reaction to oxygen. Like you are five: Once the stuff inside the compressed tube meets the air...it goes all crazy and changes."
] |
Why do we have to "press start" in the main menu of most of the video games ? | [
"To confirm that you're ready. What if the game just started and something came along and killed your guy?"
] | [
"This is a very common question. You can use search to find [all the other really good answers](_URL_0_ ). This is instant, and faster than ust typing in your question every time. It's a way of cheating elections. Read the others, and then ask a more specific question."
] |
If we were to travel 100% of the speed of light would we be able to get across the universe in LITERALLY no time? | [
"From your perspective, at 100% of the speed of light, no time will have passed. Though at your house on Earth, your goldfish will have died."
] | [
"No. First, 1 ly is around 10^15 meters, so depending on thickness and material, your stick will have the mass of a large asteroid / small moon. To move it, you'd have to apply an appropriately large force to one end of it, and that will pretty much crack / crumple that end. Otherwise you'll create a compression wa... |
Why do separate cubes of ice seem to stick together when you pour water over them? | [
"When taken out of the freezer they are actually well below freezing. If you pour liquid water on them, it will freeze. If two are touching and you pour water on them, it will freeze onto both of them, attaching them together."
] | [
"\"One of the most common ingredients used was dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DHTDMAC), which belongs to a class of materials known as quaternary ammonium compounds, or quats. This kind of ingredient is useful because part of the molecule has a positive charge that attracts and binds it to negati... |
Is it possible to go fast enough horizontally that you break free of earth's gravity and reach space? | [
"Yes, you'd have to go about 11 km/s. The problem though is that Earth has an atmosphere, so an immense force would be required to compensate for drag."
] | [
"only if it's structure is perfectly non-[amorphous](_URL_0_) so that it wouldn't start contorting with the inertial effect commonly known as the [centrifugal force](_URL_1_). This would rule out glass and many plastics Also it would have to also be in a perfect vacuum so that air resistance, or friction with the a... |
Why metal gets glowing red when it's extremely hot ? | [
"Everything is emitting light all the time. Most objects around us are cold, and only emit very low energy infrared light that we can't see but can sometimes feel as heat. When objects get hotter, they start emitting higher energy light. When they get hot enough they start emitting visible light, starting in the du... | [
"It's called spectroscopy. Simply put, when light go through an element like hydrogen, the atoms will absorb different wavelength of the light. When you analyse the spectrum of light that when through hydrogen you will see a couple of black line where the wavelength were absorbed. It's a bit like the fingerprint of... |
What's that rough, vibrating sound when you cough too hard? | [
"Hey, I am a doctor, but you can’t verify that so still take this as advice from a random redditor, but yes it’s probably in part your phlegm turbulently blowing up your airway. A big enough cough might cause a little rattle of your thorax too. Just like if you slap your belly and there’s a little jiggle, if you co... | [
"Your uterine and abdominal muscles are contracting to expel the uterine lining. Think of it as really mild labor."
] |
How does hypnotism work? | [
"First, if you promise to follow my instructions very carefully, I can actually show you how hypnotism works, an easy example. Afterwards, I'd be happy to give an Eli5 explanation as to why. You have to do exactly what I say though. 1) First step, click reply and write out the numbers 1 to 9, each number separated... | [
"This CGP Grey video does a really good job of explaining it all. _URL_3_"
] |
Why aren't there many games for mac? | [
"The overall goal of pretty much any project from video game developers and publishers is to make money, and they are interested in producing the most money for the investment of the project. Because Windows has been the dominant operating system for the better part of two decades, many companies develop games for ... | [
"The models used in those programs are much more complex, for one. Second, the algorithms used to render those scenes are much more complex. They take into account things like reflecting light and such. The more reflections you take into account, the more processing has to be done... exponentially."
] |
How does wearing sunglasses make things easier to see when it's raining? | [
"Rain and fog scatter sunlight and create a lot of horizontal light patterns that are blocked/reduced by polarized sunglasses."
] | [
"Here is the [sun's emission spectrum]( _URL_0_) ( yellow is upper atmosphere, red is ground level). Here is the [transmission spectrum of common glass]( _URL_1_). Comparing the two, you see that glass is very good at letting light from the sun pass through. When you put a plant indoors, however, you are lim... |
If desalinating ocean water becomes a widespread thing, is there potential for the ocean to become too salty/not salty enough as a result? | [
"Nope. You drink. You pee. Water evaporates and it rains. Most of that rain ends up in the ocean. Water from the land drains to the oceans - I.e. the water cycle. Fun fact the water molecules you drink today are the same ones a dinosaur drank 65 million years ago. Water doesn't leave the planet. Ocean water is sal... | [
"the heat would require a heat source, electricity or natural gas. Some places may not have the infrastructure to handle that currently, so it would cost a hefty sum just to get that working, and a pretty penny to keep it working. Secondly you would need to collect the waste water, which again, would require infras... |
Why isn't all plastic recyclable? | [
"It's all about cost. If you have pristine poly-carbonate packaging from a pharma factory that's been handled by skilled workers in a super clean factory - sure, that's easy to recycle for what it will sell for. On the other hand, if you've got a plastic straw from the rubbish bin of a McDonalds with smudge-proof l... | [
"There are. For example, [Minneapolis](_URL_0_) has a separate bin for organics."
] |
Why is Heroin on the rise? | [
"Usage has definitely been on the rise, as have deaths due to overdose. [Check out this chart.](_URL_0_) The classic pattern is, someone gets prescribed opiates such as OxyContin, usually for a legitimate pain management purpose. They get addicted and continue to use OxyContin. Sooner or later they can't afford it ... | [
"Can you please give an example of \"everyone\" and of what \"recent reports\" your referring to? This is an incredibly loaded statement"
] |
What is cellulite and why does it seem like only some overweight people have it? | [
"Cellulite, from what I understand, is what you get when oestrogen binds with fat. This is why women are more prone to getting cellulite."
] | [
"This is a very common question. You can use search to find [all the other really good answers](_URL_0_ ). This is instant, and faster than ust typing in your question every time. It's a way of cheating elections. Read the others, and then ask a more specific question."
] |
How did people have meetup times before clocks? How did the average person "get up on time" for work? How did they know when to arrive to be "on time" throughout history before clocks? | [
"There have been various forms of [clocks] (_URL_0_) for much of recorded history, although, with greater or lesser utility. Water-clocks (records start at 16th-4th cent BCE), sundials (records start at 3500-1500 BCE), candle clocks (records start at 520 CE), incense clocks (approx 6th cent CE), hourglass (approx 8... | [
"Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How do snakes move? ](_URL_0_) ^(_7 comments_) 1. [How the fuck do snakes move? ](_URL_4_) ^(_1 comment_) 1. [ELI5: How do snakes move so fast? Actually how do they move forward at all? ](_URL_5_) ^(_4 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How do snakes move for... |
What is the significance of the numbers that come after the dash in processors? | [
"That number is just a model identifier and doesn't match any actual metric of the CPU. There are so many different factors that go into what makes one CPU faster than another (cores, clock speed, cache size, pipeline architecture, etc.) that as /u/riconquer says you should just look at benchmarking scores."
] | [
"It is hard to start a motor, it would take a long long time to start on low. Going 0 3 2 1 let's the fan start on High which gets it up to speed in a timely manner"
] |
One of the main reasons Europeans were so utterly victorious against Native Americans was the introduction of diseases, that decimated the population. Why did the Norsemen of Vinland not bring diseases that carried the same effect? | [
"Not an answer, but I've also always wondered why Native American's didn't have their own set of diseases that the European's immune systems were not prepared for."
] | [
"If there's something in the water that can infect an elk, it can get sick and die. If there's nothing in the water that will infect a human, they'll be fine. Animals don't have a magical power, and humans don't have a magical weakness. It just makes a bigger splash in the news papers when \"Bob dies after drinkin... |
How do very rich people handle their money? Do they have a bank account just like us? | [
"Someone like Bill Gates has a very small percentage of his money in the bank, the vast majority of his wealth exists as shares of Microsoft. If he needs money he can take a loan against them or sell some shares off to come up with cash It's a terrible idea to keep your wealth in a bank due to inflation so almost e... | [
"They know how diseases/viruses/bacteria get transmitted and take many precautions against them. For instance, they constantly wash their hands/wear protective clothing."
] |
Are we/will we be able to get to a point where we can artificially make Water? | [
"Its entirely possible to make water chemically from hydrogen and oxygen. Take the hydrogen internal cumbustion engine, for example, takes 2 hydrogen and 2 oxygen atoms (H202) and with combustion, changes to water + energy (H20 + energy). This method of making water has actually been known for a couple hundred year... | [
"It takes a ton of energy, and the cost is prohibitive. [Here is a good explanation why](_URL_0_) Here are some other discussions on this topic. _URL_2_ _URL_1_ _URL_3_ _URL_4_"
] |
Why don't video games come out when they're finished? | [
"It is impossible to make any software absolutely perfect. Development is a very long process and releases are timed with an estimate on when it will be done and coordinated with marketting. Would you rather every game be delayed at the last minute because a clipboard animates like a shield?"
] | [
"Your employer takes money out of your paycheck throughout the year to pay your local, state, and federal taxes. The amount they take out, however, is just an estimate how much tax you will probably owe at the end of the year. There's no way for the state, local, and federal governments to know what you actually do... |
If I was in a perfect vacuum with zero gravity at rest, is there any possible way that I could move myself? | [
"Exhale the air still in your lungs. Spit. Throw a shoe. Shoot laser beams out your eyes (assuming you have that ability, of course)."
] | [
"This video created by Vsauce 3 (Jake Roper) does a very good job explaining this: _URL_1_ I hope this answers your question. He also did another video on a simmilar line of - could you survive: _URL_0_"
] |
Why is the night sky more clear after it rains? | [
"The air is full of dust, pollen, dander, debris and dirt kicked up from the ground, haze from automobile exhaust, smoke, and factories, and the rain wipes it all clean as it falls the same way it washes your dishes. Dirt and debris cling to the drops and it delivers them to the ground clearing the air as it falls.... | [
"This was orginally necessary to prevent owners of large ranches from being able to divert run off into holding ponds reducing or eliminating water which would otherwise be available to those further downstream. Your roof might seem inconsequential but if you imagine the loss of runoff if 1 million roofs were being... |
Why do (most) Americans reject cars with a manual shift stick? | [
"There used to be good reasons to drive a manual shift car (regarding getting good gas mileage), but that's really not an issue these days. The margin is so small that people would rather not have to deal with it. So if you are given a choice of manual or automatic, it becomes \"why not automatic?\" And the only le... | [
"\"Just about everyone here\" Where is \"here\" for you? It sounds like your question's premise is based on a small sample set based on personal observation. Before your question is addressed, you should be making sure the premise is valid..."
] |
[Zoology] I recently learned that giraffes don't have the ability to cough. How do they survive when they get a bolus or some water stuck in their esophagus? | [
"Speaking as a vet, a giraffe is a ruminant. Which means - in layman’s terms- that they can and do ‘chew the cud’. So they eat leaves. Chew a bit. Swallow. Gets to the stomach - 4 chambers. Gets further digested. But needs a bit more breaking down those tough plant fibres. So. Later on they will get a bolus from th... | [
"They watch their parents do it for a few weeks before doing in themselves. And the chain keeps going back until one wolf tried going for the throat and it worked better for survival (way oversimplifying)."
] |
Why is swimming freestyle underwater so much less effective than swimming breaststroke, yet above the water it's the opposite? | [
"Each swimming stroke can be broken down into two parts - the pulling phase, which propels you through the water, and the recovery phase, which \"resets\" your arms so you can pull again. The difference between the two strokes is in the recovery phase. In freestyle, the recovery involves flinging your arm up over ... | [
"Breasts and thighs cook at different rates. If you cook them the same amount of time, you are likely overcooking the breast and perfectly cooking the thighs. Also, tenderness is a combo of the structure of the meat and moisture level. Chicken breast has almost no fat or connective tissue. When you cook it, you are... |
Is a "genetic difference" comparable to a difference in chromosomes? | [
"There is a difference in the amount of genetic material on each chromosome, so that definitely comes into play. Regarding your calculations - chromosome 21 is not responsible for 2.173913 % of a person's genetic makeup, it is actually much less. The reason trisomy 21 is compatible with life is because chromosome ... | [
"Cloning a sheep was not 'no problem' it took a lot of effort and still has a substantial failure chance. It took 434 attempts before they got a successful embryo, and even then they had 1 successful live birth per 277 fertilized embryos. By and large, attempts at human cloning have more hurdles due to ethical cons... |
What happens to lost memories? Are they truly deleted from our minds or are we simply can't consciously access them? | [
"The two big things I was taught in my intro-to-psych class, (heh) were: _URL_1_ and _URL_0_ Interference theory is the idea that your brain has an index for memory. When you gain new memories, those new memories have the same keywords as some old memories. The result is that when your brain searches \"cats\" all ... | [
"Imagine your hard drive as a giant wall, like the Great Wall of China. Now imagine that your files are painted on this wall (Images, text, music notes). When you delete a file, your computer finds the spot on the wall where that file was painted, and marks that section of the wall as \"free\". It doesn't scrub o... |
What criteria are used to determine whether black hole is stationary or spinning, if black holes can't be observed? | [
"We can \"observe\" a black hole's spin just as we can \"observe\" its gravity - by its effect on other things. I don't know if any black hole's angular momentum has been measured yet, but it would be expected to drag spacetime around with it (frame dragging) which would have an effect on how things orbit."
] | [
"The [radial velocity method](_URL_0_) has been most productive. We measure a periodic oscillation in the Doppler shift of the light from a star, which tells us that there are other bodies which orbit it. There are lots of other ways that haven't been quite as useful, but are still cool. The page I linked to gives ... |
In 1743, George II was the last monarch to lead his troops into battle. Why did the practice last until then, and conversely, why did it stop then? | [
"George II was the last **British** monarch to command from the battlefield. Napoleon III led his army to the battle of Sedan where his army was defeated and he was captured in 1870. If we look beyond Europe, there are plenty of other examples. King Sekhukhune II commanded his Pedi army against neighboring Tswana ... | [
"What do you consider \"early medieval\"? We have one main source - the [*Rule of St. Benedict*](_URL_0_) - for what monastic life was *supposed* to be like. The *Rule* begins to be adopted under the papacy of Gregory I (d. 604), and is firmly established as the primary governing rule of western monasticism by the ... |
Can anyone please tell me the model of train in the silent film "Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat"? (The Lumière Brothers, 1895) | [
"Hi there, the train in the footage is a type 120 (2-4-0 under the Whyte notation) manufactured by Schneider et cie. and operated, I believe, by Chemins de Fer de l'ouest. A locomotive of the same type was involved in the famous Montparnasse station crash the same year as the film."
] | [
"We no longer measure the speed of light. It is *defined* to be 299,792,458 m/s, from which the length of a meter is measured. Historically, there have been many approaches to measuring the speed of light including: * Rømer's observations of the [Galilean moons of Jupiter](_URL_3_) * Bradley's measurement of [stell... |
My grandfather never talked about his WW2 experiences, but we found him included on this old passenger list; are there any records/histories I can look into based on his unit info? | [
"Just from that sheet you can see he was part of the Headquarters of the 1st Battalion of the 255th infantry regiment. And that he was part of the Signal Corps. That 3 digit number on the end the MOS will tell you more accurately what his job was and what he was trained in."
] | [
"Assuming she was Protestant: What interactions did she have with English soldiers? Were family members involved in helping either side? What did they do? How was participation viewed? How did her perception change after Bloody Sunday? Was she ever \"taxed\" by the Provos? Did she have Catholic friends and how did ... |
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