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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    UnicodeDecodeError
Message:      'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x93 in position 0: invalid start byte
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1827, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, table in generator:
                                    ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 613, in wrapped
                  for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
                              ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/text/text.py", line 98, in _generate_tables
                  batch = f.read(self.config.chunksize)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py", line 839, in read_with_retries
                  out = read(*args, **kwargs)
                File "<frozen codecs>", line 325, in decode
              UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x93 in position 0: invalid start byte
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1694, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1879, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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VisionDrive3D Synthetic Dataset
Dataset Root: output_dataset
Created/Last Updated: 2026-10-04T22:57:27.595572
Total Scenes: 1000
Camera/Render Parameters:
Standard Pinhole
Folder Structure:
- images/ : RGB renders (.png)
- depth/ : Depth maps (.npy float32)
- masks/ : Segmentation masks (.png)
- labels/coco/ : COCO JSON annotations
- labels/yolo/ : YOLO .txt label files
- labels/kitti/ : KITTI 3D bbox label files (.txt)
- metadata/ : Per-scene JSON + global dataset_log.csv
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VisionDrive3D: Synthetic Driving Dataset

VisionDrive3D is a synthetic urban driving dataset rendered with a custom OpenGL engine. Every scene comes with an RGB image, a dense metric depth map, a segmentation mask, and annotations in COCO, YOLO, and KITTI (3D) formats. It also includes per-scene camera parameters (intrinsics and extrinsics) and object metadata.

Summary

Property Value
Scenes 1,000
Resolution 1600 Γ— 900
Annotated class car (2,585 instances)
Splits train 800 / val 100 / test 100
Modalities RGB, depth (float32, metres), segmentation mask
Label formats COCO JSON, YOLO TXT, KITTI 3D TXT
Camera Pinhole, fx = fy = 1200, cx = 800, cy = 450, FOV 45Β°, near 0.1, far 150

Installation

1. Download

Option A: hf CLI (recommended)

pip install -U huggingface_hub
hf download BenBunBo/VisionDrive3D VisonDrive3D_testdata.zip \
    --repo-type dataset --local-dir ./data

Option B: Python

from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download

zip_path = hf_hub_download(
    repo_id="BenBunBo/VisionDrive3D",
    filename="VisonDrive3D_testdata.zip",
    repo_type="dataset",
    local_dir="./data",
)
print(zip_path)

Option C: Direct link / git

wget https://huggingface.co/datasets/BenBunBo/VisionDrive3D/resolve/main/VisonDrive3D_testdata.zip
# or
git lfs install
git clone https://huggingface.co/datasets/BenBunBo/VisionDrive3D

2. Extract

The archive has no top-level folder, so extract it into its own directory:

mkdir -p data/output_dataset
unzip data/VisonDrive3D_testdata.zip -d data/output_dataset
import zipfile
zipfile.ZipFile("data/VisonDrive3D_testdata.zip").extractall("data/output_dataset")

3. Verify

ls data/output_dataset
# depth  images  ImageSets  labels  masks  metadata  README.txt
ls data/output_dataset/images | wc -l    # 1000
wc -l data/output_dataset/ImageSets/*.txt # 800 / 100 / 100

4. Use with the VisionDrive3D code (optional)

git clone https://github.com/BenBunBo/VisionDrive3D
cd VisionDrive3D
# Put the extracted folder at ./output_dataset (the default path used by the scripts)
ln -s /path/to/data/output_dataset ./output_dataset
python src/ai_demo/run_all.py --dataset ./output_dataset

Folder structure

output_dataset/
β”œβ”€β”€ README.txt
β”œβ”€β”€ images/              # RGB renders            scene_XXXXX.png  (1600Γ—900, 8-bit RGB)
β”œβ”€β”€ depth/               # Depth maps             scene_XXXXX.npy  (900Γ—1600, float32, metres)
β”œβ”€β”€ masks/               # Segmentation masks     scene_XXXXX.png  (1600Γ—900, 8-bit RGB colour-coded)
β”œβ”€β”€ labels/
β”‚   β”œβ”€β”€ coco/            # COCO JSON              scene_XXXXX.json
β”‚   β”œβ”€β”€ yolo/            # YOLO TXT               scene_XXXXX.txt
β”‚   └── kitti/           # KITTI 3D TXT           scene_XXXXX.txt
β”œβ”€β”€ metadata/
β”‚   β”œβ”€β”€ scene_XXXXX.json # Camera + per-object metadata
β”‚   └── dataset_log.csv  # One row per scene (camera position, depth range, #objects, ...)
└── ImageSets/
    β”œβ”€β”€ train.txt        # 800 scene ids
    β”œβ”€β”€ val.txt          # 100 scene ids
    └── test.txt         # 100 scene ids

Scenes are named scene_00000 … scene_00999. Each file in ImageSets/ lists one 5-digit id per line (e.g. 00042 β†’ scene_00042).

Annotation formats

YOLO (labels/yolo/*.txt): one object per line, normalised to [0, 1]:

<class_id> <x_center> <y_center> <width> <height>
0 0.976250 0.516667 0.047500 0.044444

Class 0 = car.

COCO (labels/coco/*.json): one JSON file per scene with images, annotations (bbox as [x, y, w, h] in pixels, polygon segmentation, area) and categories. The category list contains car (0), traffic_light (1), traffic_sign (2), pedestrian (3) and entity (99), but only car is annotated in this release. Note: images[].file_name has the output_dataset/ prefix, e.g. output_dataset/images/scene_00000.png.

KITTI (labels/kitti/*.txt): standard KITTI object label format, 15 fields per line:

type truncated occluded alpha  x1 y1 x2 y2  h w l  x y z  rotation_y
Car  1.00      0        2.15   1524 445 1600 485  1.88 2.16 4.88  37.32 1.66 56.71  1.57

Dimensions and location are in metres in camera coordinates. The camera intrinsics are in metadata/scene_XXXXX.json β†’ camera.intrinsic_matrix.

Depth (depth/*.npy): float32 array of shape (900, 1600) with per-pixel depth in metres, clipped to the far plane (150 m).

Metadata (metadata/scene_XXXXX.json): scene_id, timestamp, image_path, camera (position, target, up, fov_deg, near, far, intrinsic_matrix, extrinsic_matrix), objects (class, world pose, scale, 2D/3D boxes, visibility, occlusion ratio), render_config, and stats.

Quick start

import json
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

root = "data/output_dataset"
sid = "scene_00000"

rgb   = np.array(Image.open(f"{root}/images/{sid}.png"))   # (900, 1600, 3) uint8
depth = np.load(f"{root}/depth/{sid}.npy")                  # (900, 1600) float32, metres
mask  = np.array(Image.open(f"{root}/masks/{sid}.png"))    # (900, 1600, 3) uint8
meta  = json.load(open(f"{root}/metadata/{sid}.json"))
K     = np.array(meta["camera"]["intrinsic_matrix"])        # 3Γ—3

with open(f"{root}/labels/yolo/{sid}.txt") as f:
    boxes = [list(map(float, line.split())) for line in f]

train_ids = open(f"{root}/ImageSets/train.txt").read().split()
print(rgb.shape, depth.min(), depth.max(), len(boxes), len(train_ids))

Train YOLO (Ultralytics): write a data.yaml that points at the split lists:

from pathlib import Path

root = Path("data/output_dataset").resolve()
for split in ["train", "val", "test"]:
    ids = (root / "ImageSets" / f"{split}.txt").read_text().split()
    (root / f"{split}_images.txt").write_text(
        "\n".join(str(root / "images" / f"scene_{i}.png") for i in ids)
    )

YOLO looks for labels next to the images (images/ β†’ labels/), so copy or symlink labels/yolo/*.txt into a sibling labels/ folder of the image directory, or use the conversion scripts in the GitHub repo.

Citation

@misc{visiondrive3d2026,
  title  = {VisionDrive3D: Synthetic Driving Data for Detection and Segmentation},
  author = {BenBunBo},
  year   = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/BenBunBo/VisionDrive3D}}
}
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