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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k	summary stringlengths 32 3.35k	section_headings listlengths 1 91	keywords listlengths 0 141	year stringclasses 13 values	title stringlengths 20 281
Nicotinamide N-methyl-transferase ( NNMT ) is an essential contributor to various metabolic and epigenetic processes , including the regulating of aging , cellular stress response , and body weight gain . Epidemiological studies show that NNMT is a risk factor for psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia and neurodegene...	Neuronal disorders are a threat to human health and understanding the underlying genetic and cellular regulatory networks is a first step towards successful treatment . In this context , it has been suggested in epidemiological studies that the metabolism of nicotinamide , specifically the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyl-...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "cell", "death", "invertebrates", "autophagic", "cell", "death", "neurochemistry", "rna", "interference", "chemical", "compounds", "caenorhabditis", "cell", "processes", "neuroscience", "organic", "compounds", "animals", "hormones", "animal", "models", "caenorhabditis", "...	2018	Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase controls behavior, neurodegeneration and lifespan by regulating neuronal autophagy
Vesicular trafficking plays a key role in tuning the activity of Notch signaling . Here , we describe a novel and conserved Rab geranylgeranyltransferase ( RabGGT ) -α–like subunit that is required for Notch signaling-mediated lateral inhibition and cell fate determination of external sensory organs . This protein is e...	Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that regulates many developmental processes . Abnormal Notch signaling activity can lead to numerous diseases and developmental defects . To better understand the regulation of this pathway , we performed a forward genetic screen for Notch signaling compo...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "signal", "transduction", "signaling", "in", "cellular", "processes", "signaling", "genetic", "screens", "molecular", "development", "genetics", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "cell", "fate", "determination" ]	2014	Drosophila Tempura, a Novel Protein Prenyltransferase α Subunit, Regulates Notch Signaling Via Rab1 and Rab11
Cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) is endemic in Spain but has been considered non-endemic in the province of Álava , Northern Spain , since 1997 . However , Álava is surrounded by autonomous regions with some of the highest CE prevalence proportions in the nation , casting doubts about the current classification . The purpo...	Historically , cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in Spain . The initiation of a number of control campaigns in the second half of the 1980s has led to a substantial reduction of the number of CE infections both in humans and livestock species . As a consequence of this initial ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "echinococcosis", "infectious", "diseases", "helminth", "infections", "veterinary", "diseases", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "veterinary", "parasitology", "parasitology", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "tropical", "d...	2014	Cystic Echinococcosis in the Province of Álava, North Spain: The Monetary Burden of a Disease No Longer under Surveillance
The anatomical connectivity of the human brain supports diverse patterns of correlated neural activity that are thought to underlie cognitive function . In a manner sensitive to underlying structural brain architecture , we examine the extent to which such patterns of correlated activity systematically vary across cogn...	Human cognitive function is thought to be supported by patterns of correlated neural activity . While recent work has shown that such functional correlations are differentially supported by specific properties of anatomical brain connectivity , the extent to which brain anatomy shapes cognition is not understood . In t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "neuroscience", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences" ]	2014	Structurally-Constrained Relationships between Cognitive States in the Human Brain
The prospect of eliminating onchocerciasis from Africa by mass treatment with ivermectin has been rejuvenated following recent successes in foci in Mali , Nigeria and Senegal . Elimination prospects depend strongly on local transmission conditions and therefore on pre-control infection levels . Pre-control infection le...	Until recently , elimination of onchocerciasis ( river blindness ) from Africa by mass treatment with ivermectin alone was deemed impossible . However , recent reports of elimination of onchocerciasis from various African foci have stimulated renewed interest . An important determinant of achieving elimination is the p...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "mathematics", "filariasis", "confidence", "intervals", "statistics", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biostatistics", "onchocerciasis", "infectious", "disease", "control", "infectious", "disease", "modeling", "...	2013	Onchocerciasis: The Pre-control Association between Prevalence of Palpable Nodules and Skin Microfilariae
Persistent infections with hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) may result in life-threatening liver disease , including cirrhosis and cancer , and impose an important burden on human health . Understanding how the virus is capable of achieving persistence in the majority of those infected is thus an important goal . Although HCV...	Persistent hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection is an important cause of fatal cirrhosis and liver cancer in humans . While viral disruption of interferon ( IFN ) signaling pathways may contribute to the persistence of HCV , IFN-stimulated gene ( ISG ) expression is often prominent within the infected liver . We show he...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "hepatitis", "c", "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "hepatitis", "hepatitis", "immunity", "gastroenterology", "and", "hepatology", "virology", "innate", "immunity", "immunology", "biology", "microbiology", "viral", "diseases", "liver", "diseases" ]	2013	Class A Scavenger Receptor 1 (MSR1) Restricts Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Mediating Toll-like Receptor 3 Recognition of Viral RNAs Produced in Neighboring Cells
Quantifying differences or similarities in connectomes has been a challenge due to the immense complexity of global brain networks . Here we introduce a noninvasive method that uses diffusion MRI to characterize whole-brain white matter architecture as a single local connectome fingerprint that allows for a direct comp...	The local organization of white matter architecture is highly unique to individuals , making it a tangible metric of connectomic differences . The variability in local white matter architecture is found to be partially determined by genetic factors , but largely plastic across time . This approach opens a new door for ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "genetic", "fingerprinting", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "diagnostic", "radiology", "nervous", "system", "brain", "neuroscience", "twins", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "developmental", "biology", "brain", "morphometry", "brain", "mapping", "molecular",...	2016	Quantifying Differences and Similarities in Whole-Brain White Matter Architecture Using Local Connectome Fingerprints
There is evidence that biological synapses have a limited number of discrete weight states . Memory storage with such synapses behaves quite differently from synapses with unbounded , continuous weights , as old memories are automatically overwritten by new memories . Consequently , there has been substantial discussio...	It is believed that the neural basis of learning and memory is change in the strength of synaptic connections between neurons . Much theoretical work on this topic assumes that the strength , or weight , of a synapse may vary continuously and be unbounded . More recent studies have considered synapses that have a limit...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "neuroscience/theoretical", "neuroscience", "computational", "biology/computational", "neuroscience" ]	2008	Optimal Learning Rules for Discrete Synapses
Little information is available about infantile visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) in Albania as regards incidence , diagnosis and management of the disease . Demographic data , clinical and laboratory features and therapeutic findings were considered in children admitted to University Hospital of Tirana from 1995 to 2009 ,...	Albania is a developing country that is rapidly improving in social , economic and sanitary conditions . The health care system in still in progress and the impact of some infectious diseases remains poorly understood . In particular , little information is available on incidence , clinical features and response to tre...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections" ]	2010	Pediatric Visceral Leishmaniasis in Albania: A Retrospective Analysis of 1,210 Consecutive Hospitalized Patients (1995–2009)
For sexually reproducing organisms , production of male or female gametes depends on specifying the correct sexual identity in the germline . In D . melanogaster , Sex lethal ( Sxl ) is the key gene that controls sex determination in both the soma and the germline , but how it does so in the germline is unknown , other...	Like humans , all sexually reproducing organisms require gametes to reproduce . Gametes are made by specialized cells called germ cells , which must have the correct sexual identity information to properly make sperm or eggs . In fruit flies , germ cell sexual identity is controlled by the RNA-binding protein Sxl , whi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reproductive", "system", "rna", "interference", "social", "sciences", "germ", "cells", "epigenetics", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods", "specimen", "preparation", "and", "treatment", "staining", "sex", "chromosomes", "...	2019	Tudor-domain containing protein 5-like promotes male sexual identity in the Drosophila germline and is repressed in females by Sex lethal
The cost and time to develop a drug continues to be a major barrier to widespread distribution of medication . Although the genomic revolution appears to have had little impact on this problem , and might even have exacerbated it because of the flood of additional and usually ineffective leads , the emergence of high t...	The effective drug of a given disease is aimed to bring abnormal functions associated with disease back to the normal state . Using expression profile as the surrogate marker of the cellular function , we introduce a novel procedure to identify candidate therapeutics by searching for those bioactive compounds that eith...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "systems", "biology", "genomics", "biology", "computational", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2012	Using Functional Signatures to Identify Repositioned Drugs for Breast, Myelogenous Leukemia and Prostate Cancer
In the presence of exogenous mortality risks , future reproduction by an individual is worth less than present reproduction to its fitness . Senescent aging thus results inevitably from transferring net fertility into younger ages . Some long-lived organisms appear to defy theory , however , presenting negligible senes...	Senescent aging is an irreversible deterioration in physiological condition with age , which many organisms express even when removed from harmful environmental influences . The inevitability of senescence for repeatedly reproducing organisms has well-developed theoretical foundations . Since reproduction carries physi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology", "all" ]	2007	Density Dependence Triggers Runaway Selection of Reduced Senescence
The extracellular matrix ( ECM ) is a pivotal component adult tissues and of many tissue-specific stem cell niches . It provides structural support and regulates niche signaling during tissue maintenance and regeneration . In many tissues , ECM remodeling depends on the regulation of MMP ( matrix metalloproteinase ) ac...	The extracellular matrix ( ECM ) offers signals and support to stem cell niches , local microenvironments that provide these cells with necessary factors for their survival . The ECM also helps shaping and maintaining tissues and organs in adult animals . Because the repair of damaged tissue or the replenishment of cel...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "mechanical", "properties", "stiffness", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "reproductive", "system", "animals", "collagens", "animal", "models", "membrane", "proteins", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "stem", "cells", "materials...	2016	ECM-Regulator timp Is Required for Stem Cell Niche Organization and Cyst Production in the Drosophila Ovary
Despite its prominent placement between the retina and primary visual cortex in the early visual pathway , the role of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ( dLGN ) in molding and regulating the visual signals entering the brain is still poorly understood . A striking feature of the dLGN circuit is that relay cells ( ...	While the basic receptive-field structure of cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ( dLGN ) , the station between retina and visual cortex in the early visual pathway , was mapped out half a century ago , the function of this nucleus in molding the visual signals is still poorly understood . One reason is that...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "action", "potentials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nervous", "system", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "network", "analysis", "interneurons", "neuronal", "dendrites", "excitatory", "postsynaptic", "potentials", "computer", "and",...	2016	Biophysical Network Modelling of the dLGN Circuit: Different Effects of Triadic and Axonal Inhibition on Visual Responses of Relay Cells
HIV-1-infected cells persist indefinitely despite the use of combination antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) , and novel therapeutic strategies to target and purge residual infected cells in individuals on ART are urgently needed . Here , we demonstrate that CD4+ T cell-associated HIV-1 RNA is often highly enriched in cells...	Previous studies have shown that higher levels of soluble CD30 are associated with HIV-1 disease progression . Many of these studies , however , were performed prior to the implementation of combination ART , and the relationship between surface CD30 expression , soluble CD30 and HIV-1 infection in ART suppressed indiv...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "antiviral", "therapy", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "retroviruses", "viruses", "immunodeficiency", "viruses", "preventive", "medicine...	2018	Increased HIV-1 transcriptional activity and infectious burden in peripheral blood and gut-associated CD4+ T cells expressing CD30
Plague , caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis , is a highly infectious , zoonotic disease . Hundreds of human plague cases are reported across the world annually . Qinghai Plateau is one of the most severely affected plague regions in China , with more than 240 fatal cases of Y . pestis in the last 60 years . Conven...	Plague is a highly infectious disease caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium . Since the first strain of Y . pestis was isolated in Qinghai in 1954 , confirmed plague cases have occurred nearly every year , and more than 240 people have died from plague over the past 60 years . In this study , we analyzed 102 Y . pest...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biotechnology", "genome", "engineering", "biogeography", "taxonomy", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "plagues", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "engineering", "and", "technology", "pathogens", "synthet...	2018	Genetic diversity and spatial-temporal distribution of Yersinia pestis in Qinghai Plateau, China
Influenza A viruses ( IAV ) are commonly used to infect animal cell cultures for research purposes and vaccine production . Their replication is influenced strongly by the multiplicity of infection ( MOI ) , which ranges over several orders of magnitude depending on the respective application . So far , mathematical mo...	Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease that severely affects several million people each year . Vaccination can provide protection against the infection , but vaccine composition has to be adjusted regularly to remain effective against this fast evolving pathogen . While influenza vaccines are mostly produced in...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "death", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "intracellular", "pathogens", "influenza", "pathogens", "cell", "processes", "biological", "cultures", "microbiology", "viral", "structure", "orthomyxoviruses", "simula...	2019	Multiscale modeling of influenza A virus replication in cell cultures predicts infection dynamics for highly different infection conditions
There is growing consensus that genome organization and long-range gene regulation involves partitioning of the genome into domains of distinct epigenetic chromatin states . Chromatin insulator or barrier elements are key components of these processes as they can establish boundaries between chromatin states . The abil...	DNA sequences known as chromatin insulator or barrier elements are considered key components of genome organization as they can establish boundaries between transcriptionally permissive and repressive chromatin domains . Here we address the hypothesis that barrier elements in vertebrates can protect genes from transcri...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/epigenetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/chromosome", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression" ]	2010	VEZF1 Elements Mediate Protection from DNA Methylation
Zika virus ( ZIKV ) , first isolated in Uganda in 1947 , is currently spreading rapidly through South America and the Caribbean . In Brazil , infection has been linked with microcephaly and other serious complications , leading to declaration of a public health emergency of international concern; however , there curren...	Zika virus is currently spreading rapidly through the Americas , including the Caribbean , where it has emerged as a major public health problem due to the linkage with birth defects , including microcephaly . We report the isolation of Zika virus from 3 children in rural Haiti in December , 2014 , as part of a study o...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "biogeography", "taxonomy", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "togaviruses", "pathogens", "population", "genetics", "geographical", "locations", ...	2016	Zika Virus Outbreak in Haiti in 2014: Molecular and Clinical Data
When energy is needed , white adipose tissue ( WAT ) provides fatty acids ( FAs ) for use in peripheral tissues via stimulation of fat cell lipolysis . FAs have been postulated to play a critical role in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance , a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease ...	In periods of energy demand , mobilization of fat stores in mammals ( i . e . , adipose tissue lipolysis ) is essential to provide energy in the form of fatty acids . In excess , however , fatty acids induce resistance to the action of insulin , which serves to regulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver ....	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "carbohydrate", "metabolism", "diabetes", "mellitus", "type", "2", "clinical", "research", "design", "cross-sectional", "studies", "diabetic", "endocrinology", "animal", "models", "of", "disease", "integrative", "physiology", "anatomy", "and", "physiology", ...	2013	Partial Inhibition of Adipose Tissue Lipolysis Improves Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity Without Alteration of Fat Mass
Mass drug administration ( MDA ) programs have dramatically reduced lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) incidence in many areas around the globe , including American Samoa . As infection rates decline and MDA programs end , efficient and sensitive methods for detecting infections are needed to monitor for recrudescence . Molec...	Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) , a mosquito-borne parasitic disease , has been targeted for elimination in many countries since the introduction of mass drug administration ( MDA ) programs using two-drug combinations along with improved diagnostic methods . Sensitive molecular methods detecting parasite DNA in pools of m...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "helminth", "infections", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "filariasis", "epidemiology", "arthropod", "vectors", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "vector-borne", "diseases", "lymphatic", "filariasis", "tropical", "diseases", "insect"...	2014	Molecular Xenomonitoring Using Mosquitoes to Map Lymphatic Filariasis after Mass Drug Administration in American Samoa
Dogs are the main source of human cystic echinococcosis . An oral vaccine would be an important contribution to control programs in endemic countries . We conducted two parallel experimental trials in Morocco and Tunisia of a new oral vaccine candidate against Echinococcus granulosus in 28 dogs . The vaccine was prepar...	In many countries in the world , livestock and humans are affected with hydatid disease , which is caused by the development , in the viscera , of the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus . They become infected by ingesting the eggs of this parasite , which are passed in the feces of the dog—the host of ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/environmental", "health", "immunology/immune", "response" ]	2008	An Oral Recombinant Vaccine in Dogs against Echinococcus granulosus, the Causative Agent of Human Hydatid Disease: A Pilot Study
Dengue is one of the most aggressively expanding mosquito-transmitted viruses . The human burden approaches 400 million infections annually . Complex transmission dynamics pose challenges for predicting location , timing , and magnitude of risk; thus , models are needed to guide prevention strategies and policy develop...	Timing and spatial-extent of diseases such as dengue and malaria that result from transmission between humans and mosquitoes are regulated by weather in complicated ways . For Aedes aegypti mosquitoes , the primary vector of dengue , slight changes in different components of weather have important effects on population...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	Weather Regulates Location, Timing, and Intensity of Dengue Virus Transmission between Humans and Mosquitoes
Although a defect in the DNA polymerase POLQ leads to ionizing radiation sensitivity in mammalian cells , the relevant enzymatic pathway has not been identified . Here we define the specific mechanism by which POLQ restricts harmful DNA instability . Our experiments show that Polq-null murine cells are selectively hype...	The reason for the hypersensitivity of POLQ-defective mammalian cells to ionizing radiation has been elusive . Here we show that POLQ-defective mammalian cells are selectively susceptible to double-strand breaks in DNA . We present experiments in mammalian cells showing that a specific double-strand break repair pathwa...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry", "cancer", "genetics", "genetics", "of", "the", "immune", "system", "dna", "replication", "cell", "biology", "clinical", "immunology", "genetics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "dna", "repair", "dna", "non-homologous", "end", "joining", "immun...	2014	Mechanism of Suppression of Chromosomal Instability by DNA Polymerase POLQ
Treatment of Chagas disease , caused by Trypanosoma cruzi , relies on nifurtimox and benznidazole ( BZL ) , which present side effects in adult patients , and natural resistance in some parasite strains . Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone ( NFOH ) is a new drug candidate with demonstrated trypanocidal activity; however , its ...	Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone ( NFOH ) is a promising drug candidate with demonstrated trypanocidal activity in experimental models of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and chronic disease development . In this study , we monitored the safety of NFOH in established in vitro and in vivo models . Our data show that NFOH did not i...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "trypanosoma", "cruzi", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "trypanosoma", "chagas", "disease", "protozoans", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "tropical", "diseases", "protozoan", "infections", "parasitic", "diseases", "par...	2014	Hepatotoxicity in Mice of a Novel Anti-parasite Drug Candidate Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone: A Comparison with Benznidazole
After extra-cellular stimulation of G-Protein Coupled Receptors ( GPCRs ) , GDP/GTP exchange appears as the key , rate limiting step of the intracellular activation cycle of heterotrimeric G-proteins . Despite the availability of a large number of X-ray structures , the mechanism of GDP release out of heterotrimeric G-...	Despite the availability of many structural and biochemical data , the activation of G-proteins remains to be understood at the molecular level . We used a computation tool to decipher the first limiting step of this activation: GDP release . Combining different methods of analysis , we propose that the GDP exit occurs...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "mechanics", "biochemical", "simulations", "computational", "chemistry", "molecular", "dynamics", "biophysic", "al", "simulations", "chemistry", "biology", "computational", "biology" ]	2012	GDP Release Preferentially Occurs on the Phosphate Side in Heterotrimeric G-proteins
Dengue fever is endemic in Malaysia , with frequent major outbreaks in urban areas . The major control strategy relies on health promotional campaigns aimed at encouraging people to reduce mosquito breeding sites close to people's homes . However , such campaigns have not always been 100% effective . The concept of sel...	Dengue fever is one of the most rapidly increasing vector-borne diseases of humans in the tropics . There is currently no treatment and no vaccine , so control of the disease depends on controlling the mosquito vector . Unfortunately health promotional campaigns aimed at encouraging people to reduce mosquito breeding s...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2013	Mediational Effects of Self-Efficacy Dimensions in the Relationship between Knowledge of Dengue and Dengue Preventive Behaviour with Respect to Control of Dengue Outbreaks: A Structural Equation Model of a Cross-Sectional Survey
The control of helminth infections and prevention of anemia in developing countries are of considerable public health importance . The purpose of this study was to determine patterns and risk factors of helminth infections and anemia in a rural and a peri-urban community of Zanzibar , Tanzania , in the context of natio...	In many parts of the developing world , parasitic worms and anemia are of considerable public health and economic importance . We studied the patterns and risk factors of parasitic worm infections in a rural and a peri-urban community on Zanzibar Island , Tanzania , in the context of national deworming programs . We in...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology" ]	2010	Patterns and Risk Factors of Helminthiasis and Anemia in a Rural and a Peri-urban Community in Zanzibar, in the Context of Helminth Control Programs
HIV-1 maturation inhibitors ( MIs ) disrupt the final step in the HIV-1 protease-mediated cleavage of the Gag polyprotein between capsid p24 capsid ( CA ) and spacer peptide 1 ( SP1 ) , leading to the production of infectious virus . BMS-955176 is a second generation MI with improved antiviral activity toward polymorph...	HIV-1 continues to be a serious health threat , with nearly 40 million infected individuals worldwide . Despite effective treatment options , issues with resistance and drug toxicities illustrate the need for new drugs with novel mechanisms . Maturation inhibitors ( MIs ) block a key protease cleavage within its target...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "crystal", "structure", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "enzymes", "pathogens", "293t", "cells", "biological", "cultures", "condensed", "matter", "physics", "microbiology", "enzymology", "retroviruses", "viruses", "...	2016	Mechanistic Studies and Modeling Reveal the Origin of Differential Inhibition of Gag Polymorphic Viruses by HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitors
This paper presents a method for automated detection of complex ( non-self-avoiding ) postures of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its application to analyses of locomotion defects . Our approach is based on progressively detailed statistical models that enable detection of the head and the body even in cases of...	The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is a widely used model organism . Its locomotion , for instance , enables the study of genetic and cellular mechanisms that underlie behavior and may be broadly conserved . Characterizing C . elegans locomotion requires identifying its body posture and tracking how posture changes w...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	A Generative Statistical Algorithm for Automatic Detection of Complex Postures
We previously showed the existence of selective pressure against protein aggregation by the enrichment of aggregation-opposing ‘gatekeeper’ residues at strategic places along the sequence of proteins . Here we analyzed the relationship between protein lifetime and protein aggregation by combining experimentally determi...	In order to carry out their biological function , proteins need to fold into well-defined three-dimensional structures . Protein aggregation is a process whereby proteins misfold into inactive and often toxic higher order structures , which is implied in about 30 human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease , Parkinson's...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "biology", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2011	An Evolutionary Trade-Off between Protein Turnover Rate and Protein Aggregation Favors a Higher Aggregation Propensity in Fast Degrading Proteins
Urogenital schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium was endemic in Adasawase , Ghana in 2007 . Transmission was reported to be primarily through recreational water contact . We designed a water recreation area ( WRA ) to prevent transmission to school-aged children . The WRA features a concrete pool supplied b...	Urogenital schistosomiasis is a disease caused by the parasite Schistosoma haematobium; it is often characterized by bloody urine and tends to disproportionately affect school-aged children in rural tropical regions . The parasite is transmitted via skin contact with surface water that is contaminated by human waste . ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "and", "Discussion" ]	[ "public", "health", "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "schistosomiasis", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "behavioral", "and", "social", "aspects", "of", "health", "global", "health", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "disease", "control",...	2012	Effective Control of Schistosoma haematobium Infection in a Ghanaian Community following Installation of a Water Recreation Area
Infection is a complex and dynamic process involving a population of invading microbes , the host and its responses , aimed at controlling the situation . Depending on the purpose and level of organization , infection at the organism level can be described by a process as simple as a coin toss , or as complex as a mult...	Infection is usually assayed as a static observation of a pathogen within a host; it is , nevertheless , a dynamic process that cannot be described from a single time point and arbitrary conditions . Results based on the usual methods are a snapshot of a convenient laboratory condition; a more comprehensive data set is...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "invertebrates", "dengue", "virus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "mathematical", "models", "animals", "wolbachia", "viruses", "systems", "science", "mathematics", "rna", ...	2018	Model-based inference from multiple dose, time course data reveals Wolbachia effects on infection profiles of type 1 dengue virus in Aedes aegypti
Despite the availability of effective interventions and public recognition of the severity of the problem , rabies continues to suffer neglect by programme planners in India and other low and middle income countries . We investigate whether this state of ‘policy impasse’ is due to , at least in part , the research comm...	Rabies is among the most widely spread zoonoses ( diseases that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans ) in humans in most Asian , African and Latin American countries . Even though researchers have demonstrated effectiveness of strategies to control rabies at the population level , such as pos...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "research", "funding", "rabies", "non-clinical", "medicine", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "veterinary", "science", "infectious", "diseases", "veterinary", "diseases", "zoonotic", "diseases", "research", "monitoring", "research", "assessment", "science", ...	2012	Moving from Rabies Research to Rabies Control: Lessons from India
Bacteria frequently lose biosynthetic genes , thus making them dependent on an environmental uptake of the corresponding metabolite . Despite the ubiquity of this ‘genome streamlining’ , it is generally unclear whether the concomitant loss of biosynthetic functions is favored by natural selection or rather caused by ra...	Bacteria frequently lose seemingly essential genes from their genomes that are required to autonomously biosynthesize building block metabolites such as amino acids . It is generally unclear whether these losses are due to chance events in small populations or favored by selection , because loss-of-function mutants may...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "cell", "physiology", "organismal", "evolution", "microbial", "mutation", "gene", "regulation", "population", "genetics", "microbiology", "cell", "metabolism", "microbial", "evolution", "bacterial", "genetics", "population", "biology", "microbial", "genetics...	2016	Experimental Evolution of Metabolic Dependency in Bacteria
Quinacrine is a potent antiprion compound in cell culture models of prion disease but has failed to show efficacy in animal bioassays and human clinical trials . Previous studies demonstrated that quinacrine inefficiently penetrates the blood-brain barrier ( BBB ) , which could contribute to its lack of efficacy in viv...	Prion diseases belong to the class of neurodegenerative disorders that include Alzheimer , Parkinson and Huntington diseases . In each of these disorders , a specific protein in the brain changes shape and accumulates , leading to neuronal loss and damage . These diseases are uniformly fatal after a period of neurodege...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/prion", "diseases", "pharmacology/drug", "resistance", "pathology/neuropathology", "neurological", "disorders/prion", "diseases" ]	2009	Continuous Quinacrine Treatment Results in the Formation of Drug-Resistant Prions
Flight speed is expected to increase with mass and wing loading among flying animals and aircraft for fundamental aerodynamic reasons . Assuming geometrical and dynamical similarity , cruising flight speed is predicted to vary as ( body mass ) 1/6 and ( wing loading ) 1/2 among bird species . To test these scaling rule...	Analysing the variation in flight speed among bird species is important in understanding flight . We tested if the cruising speed of different migrating bird species in flapping flight scales with body mass and wing loading according to predictions from aerodynamic theory and to what extent phylogeny provides an additi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "birds", "ecology", "evolutionary", "biology" ]	2007	Flight Speeds among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects
Ultraviolet ( UV ) light-induced mutations are unevenly distributed across skin cancer genomes , but the molecular mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity are not fully understood . Here , we assessed how nucleosome structure impacts the positions of UV-induced mutations in human melanomas . Analysis of mutation ...	UV-induced mutations are abundant and heterogeneously distributed across melanoma genomes . Understanding the mechanisms that produce this heterogeneity may help decipher which mutations drive the cancer phenotype . While it is known that mutation density correlates with chromatin compaction on a large scale , recent s...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "dermatology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "histone", "modification", "oncology", "skin", "neoplasms", "mutation", "nucleosome", "mapping", "cutaneous", "melanoma", "epigenetics", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "chromatin...	2018	Nucleosome positions establish an extended mutation signature in melanoma
The study of epithelial morphogenesis is fundamental to increasing our understanding of organ function and disease . Great progress has been made through study of culture systems such as Madin-Darby canine kidney ( MDCK ) cells , but many aspects of even simple morphogenesis remain unclear . For example , are specific ...	Epithelial cells perform essential functions throughout the body , acting as both barrier and transporter and allowing an organism to survive and thrive in varied environments . Although the details of many processes that occur within individual cells are well understood , we still lack a thorough understanding of how ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "physiology", "biology", "anatomy", "and", "physiology", "computational", "biology" ]	2011	MDCK Cystogenesis Driven by Cell Stabilization within Computational Analogues
Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) persists in a highly-ordered chromatin structure inside latently infected cells with the majority of the viral genome having repressive marks . However , upon reactivation the viral chromatin landscape changes into ‘open’ chromatin through the involvement of lysine demet...	Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) must carefully regulate both phases of its lifecycle in order to persist and proliferate effectively in the infected cells . In this study , we show the importance of dynamic epigenetic modifications on the viral chromatin in dictating whether KSHV displays the latent or...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "chemical", "compounds", "dna-binding", "proteins", "microbiology", "organic", "compounds", "immunoprecipitation", "viral", "genome", "basic", "amino", "acids", "amino", "acids", "epigenetics", "dna", "dna", "methylation", "chromatin", "microbial", "genomics", "research",...	2017	KSHV encoded ORF59 modulates histone arginine methylation of the viral genome to promote viral reactivation
Cell-to-cell gene expression noise is thought to be an important mechanism for generating phenotypic diversity . Furthermore , telomeric regions are major sites for gene amplification , which is thought to drive genetic diversity . Here we found that individual subtelomeric TLO genes exhibit increased variation in tran...	Genetic diversity is often high at telomeres , the chromosome ends where genes are readily amplified and modified . Phenotypic diversity , e . g . , growth properties under a given condition , is affected by stochastic variations in gene expression exhibited among cells in a homogenous environment . Our studies found t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "mycology", "fungi", "cell", "biology", "chromosome", "biology", "yeast", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "gene", "regulation", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "epigenetics", "molecular", "genetics", "microbiology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "chromatin", ...	2014	Silencing Is Noisy: Population and Cell Level Noise in Telomere-Adjacent Genes Is Dependent on Telomere Position and Sir2
Coherent neural spiking and local field potentials are believed to be signatures of the binding and transfer of information in the brain . Coherent activity has now been measured experimentally in many regions of mammalian cortex . Recently experimental evidence has been presented suggesting that neural information is ...	Cognitive tasks are associated with the dynamic excitation of neural assemblies . When we consider how quickly and flexibly such collectives may be formed and incorporated in a task , a persistent question has been: how can the brain rapidly evoke and involve different neural assemblies in a computation , when synaptic...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "action", "potentials", "decision", "making", "engineering", "and", "technology", "nervous", "system", "information", "processing", "membrane", "potential", "electrophysiology", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "logic",...	2016	Graded, Dynamically Routable Information Processing with Synfire-Gated Synfire Chains
p63 is a multi-isoform member of the p53 family of transcription factors . There is compelling genetic evidence that ΔNp63 isoforms are needed for keratinocyte proliferation and stemness in the developing vertebrate epidermis . However , the role of TAp63 isoforms is not fully understood , and TAp63 knockout mice displ...	The mammalian epidermis is a stratified self-renewing epithelium , in which cell loss at the surface is properly balanced by cell proliferation in basal layers to ensure tissue homeostasis . But how is this balance genetically controlled ? Here , we address this question in zebrafish breeding tubercles , epidermal appe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biology" ]	2014	p53 and TAp63 Promote Keratinocyte Proliferation and Differentiation in Breeding Tubercles of the Zebrafish
Polycomb bodies are foci of Polycomb proteins in which different Polycomb target genes are thought to co-localize in the nucleus , looping out from their chromosomal context . We have shown previously that insulators , not Polycomb response elements ( PREs ) , mediate associations among Polycomb Group ( PcG ) targets t...	We have studied the nuclear localization of genes that are regulated by Polycomb mechanisms . The genomes of higher eukaryotes contain hundreds of genes that are regulated by Polycomb mechanisms . Once repressed by Polycomb complexes , they tend to stay repressed; but , when activated , they bind Trithorax protein and ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology", "model", "organisms", "chromosome", "biology", "nucleic", "acids", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "epigenetics", "molecular", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "chromatin", "gene", "function" ]	2013	Insulators Target Active Genes to Transcription Factories and Polycomb-Repressed Genes to Polycomb Bodies
During the first trimester of pregnancy the uterus is massively infiltrated by decidual natural killer cells ( dNK ) . These cells are not killers , but they rather provide a microenvironment that is propitious to healthy placentation . Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) is the most common cause of intrauterine viral infec...	Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) is a herpes virus that can establish persisting infection in immunocompetent hosts . HCMV primary infection during pregnancy is devastating; it can result in up to 75% of congenital infections and it is a known cause of fetal death . The immune system and particularly natural killer cells...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "immunity", "innate", "immunity", "immunity", "to", "infections", "immunology", "biology" ]	2013	Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Elicits New Decidual Natural Killer Cell Effector Functions
Scrub typhus , a febrile illness of substantial incidence and mortality , is caused by infection with the obligately intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi . It is estimated that there are more than one million cases annually transmitted by the parasitic larval stage of trombiculid mites in the Asia-Pacific reg...	Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness with considerable mortality , and no available vaccine , caused by the obligately intracellular bacterium , Orientia tsutsugamushi . Despite the life-threatening severity of the illness in approximately one million cases annually , 85–93% of patients survive . The lack of approp...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "bacteriology", "typhus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "animal", "models", "of", "disease", "immunology", "endothelial", "cells", "microbiology", "epithelial", "cells", "animal", "models", "bacterial...	2017	Murine models of scrub typhus associated with host control of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection
Measuring the impact of capacity strengthening support is a priority for the international development community . Several frameworks exist for monitoring and evaluating funding results and modalities . Based on its long history of support , we report on the impact of individual and institutional capacity strengthening...	The UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank /WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases ( TDR ) has over the 2000–2008 period supported the development of individual and institutional grants . Although the TDR research capacity development programmes has had a substantial impact on the development of tropical ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "leadership", "training", "research", "funding", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "social", "and", "behavioral", "sciences", "science", "policy", "careers", "in", "research", "individualized", "training", "science", "education", "training", "public...	2011	Impact of Health Research Capacity Strengthening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The Case of WHO/TDR Programmes
Transcriptional regulatory networks are fundamental to how microbes alter gene expression in response to environmental stimuli , thereby playing a critical role in bacterial pathogenesis . However , understanding how bacterial transcriptional regulatory networks function during host-pathogen interaction is limited . Re...	Group A Streptococcus ( GAS ) causes diverse infections in humans ranging from pharyngitis ( strep throat ) to necrotizing fasciitis ( the flesh-eating disease ) . It is well known that GAS secretes a broad array of virulence factors that are critical to its ability to cause human infections , but how GAS coordinates v...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/bacterial", "infections", "microbiology/cellular", "microbiology", "and", "pathogenesis", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression" ]	2010	A Combination of Independent Transcriptional Regulators Shapes Bacterial Virulence Gene Expression during Infection
Understanding how axon guidance receptors are activated by their extracellular ligands to regulate growth cone motility is critical to learning how proper wiring is established during development . Roundabout ( Robo ) is one such guidance receptor that mediates repulsion from its ligand Slit in both invertebrates and v...	The formation of sterotyped neuronal connections during embryonic development is essential for animal survival and behavior . In particular , establishing proper connectivity at the midline is critical for the orchestration of rhythmic behaviors . Conserved genetic programs that instruct axon guidance at the midline ha...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Slit-Dependent Endocytic Trafficking of the Robo Receptor Is Required for Son of Sevenless Recruitment and Midline Axon Repulsion
A key epidemiologic feature of schistosomiasis is its focal distribution , which has important implications for the spatial targeting of preventive chemotherapy programs . We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a urine pooling strategy using a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen ( POC-CCA ) cassette test for de...	Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms that affects over 250 million people . The global control strategy is regular deworming of school-aged children . Before deworming campaigns can be conducted , one must know where the disease is present . The current method requires collection of individual stool a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "schistosoma", "invertebrates", "schistosoma", "mansoni", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "helminths", "cancer", "treatment", "clinical", "oncology", "tropical", "diseases", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "simulation", "and", "modeling", ...	2016	Evaluation of a Urine Pooling Strategy for the Rapid and Cost-Efficient Prevalence Classification of Schistosomiasis
Genome-wide association studies have mainly relied on common HapMap sequence variations . Recently , sequencing approaches have allowed analysis of low frequency and rare variants in conjunction with common variants , thereby improving the search for functional variants and thus the understanding of the underlying biol...	Genome-wide association studies have in recent years revealed a wealth of common variants associated with common diseases and phenotypes . We took advantage of the advances in sequencing technologies to study the association of low frequency and rare variants in conjunction with common variants with serum levels of vit...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "genome", "sequencing", "medicine", "disease", "mapping", "epidemiology", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "genetic", "epidemiology", "human", "genetics" ]	2013	Genetic Architecture of Vitamin B12 and Folate Levels Uncovered Applying Deeply Sequenced Large Datasets
Ubiquitin ( Ub ) can generate versatile molecular signals and lead to different celluar fates . The functional poly-valence of Ub is believed to be resulted from its ability to form distinct polymerized chains with eight linkage types . To provide a full picture of ubiquitin code , we explore the binding landscape of t...	Ubiquitination , as an important post-translational modification of proteins , provides a versatile cellular signaling mechanism . This is mostly contributed by the possibility of ubiquitin units to form different polyUb chains through eight different linkages . However , it is still unclear how these linkage types det...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry", "biochemical", "simulations", "computational", "chemistry", "molecular", "dynamics", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "chemistry", "physical", "sciences", "computational", "biology", "biophysics", "biophysical", "simulations" ]	2014	PolyUbiquitin Chain Linkage Topology Selects the Functions from the Underlying Binding Landscape
Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 ( HTLV-1 ) causes two distinct diseases , adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma ( ATL ) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis ( HAM/TSP ) . Since there are no disease-specific differences among HTLV-1 strains , the etiological mechanisms separating these respective ly...	It has been a long-unsolved question why HTLV-1 can cause totally different diseases such as ATL and HAM/TSP , manifesting as malignant lymphoproliferation and chronic inflammation , respectively , without disease-specific viral differences . Although the constitutive NF-κB activation in HTLV-1-infected cells has been ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "flow", "cytometry", "cell", "death", "innate", "immune", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cytokines", "molecular", "probe", "techniques", "...	2017	IL-10-mediated signals act as a switch for lymphoproliferation in Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 infection by activating the STAT3 and IRF4 pathways
Vascular branching morphogenesis is activated and maintained by several signaling pathways . Among them , vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR2 ) signaling is largely presented in arteries , and VEGFR3 signaling is in veins and capillaries . Recent reports have documented that Snail , a well-known epit...	Endothelial cells have the intrinsic capacity to shuffle between tip , stalk , and phalanx cells in angiogenic processes . These transitions require the induction or repression of transcripts that are specific for their phenotypes , along with morphological changes . To gain insight into spatiotemporal induction during...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Endothelial Snail Regulates Capillary Branching Morphogenesis via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 Expression
Old English Sheepdogs and Gordon Setters suffer from a juvenile onset , autosomal recessive form of canine hereditary ataxia primarily affecting the Purkinje neuron of the cerebellar cortex . The clinical and histological characteristics are analogous to hereditary ataxias in humans . Linkage and genome-wide associatio...	Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the most important causes of decline in an aging population . An important subset of these diseases are known as the hereditary ataxias , familial neurodegenerative diseases that affect the cerebellum causing progressive gait disturbance in both humans and dogs . We identified a mu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "veterinary", "pathology", "veterinary", "neurology", "neurology", "neurodegenerative", "diseases", "genetic", "testing", "cerebellar", "disorders", "veterinary", "science", "veterinary", "medicine", "clinical", "genetics" ]	2014	Canine Hereditary Ataxia in Old English Sheepdogs and Gordon Setters Is Associated with a Defect in the Autophagy Gene Encoding RAB24
Type I ( IFN-α/β ) and type III ( IFN-λ ) interferons ( IFNs ) exert shared antiviral activities through distinct receptors . However , their relative importance for antiviral protection of different organ systems against specific viruses remains to be fully explored . We used mouse strains deficient in type-specific I...	Two distinct families of interferons ( IFNs ) , type I ( IFN-α/β ) and type III ( IFN-λ ) IFNs , are quickly produced in response to virus infection and engage distinct receptors to invoke shared rapid and broad-spectrum antiviral mechanisms against invading pathogens . However , the relative importance of type I and t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "small", "intestine", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "immunology", "microbiology", "diarrhea", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "gastroenterology", "and", "hepatology", "digestive", "system", "proteins", "gastrointestinal...	2016	Distinct Roles of Type I and Type III Interferons in Intestinal Immunity to Homologous and Heterologous Rotavirus Infections
We report the results of a joint human-animal health investigation in a Dene community in northern Saskatchewan , where residents harvest wildlife ( including moose , bear , elk , and fish ) , live in close contact with free roaming dogs , and lack access to permanent veterinary services . Fecal analysis of owned and f...	Parasites are ubiquitous , and while some parasitize only one host , others are capable of crossing species barriers . Zoonotic parasites move between animals and people , and in some cases cause significant veterinary , medical and/or public health problems . Such parasites may be more prevalent in areas where veterin...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology", "behavioral", "and", "social", "aspects", "of", "health", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "parasitic", "diseases", "trichinellosis", "veterinary", "science", "echinococcosis", "infectious", "diseases", "veter...	2013	Parasitic Zoonoses: One Health Surveillance in Northern Saskatchewan
Imatinib mesylate induces complete cytogenetic responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) , yet many patients have detectable BCR-ABL transcripts in peripheral blood even after prolonged therapy . Bone marrow studies have shown that this residual disease resides within the stem cell compartment . Quies...	Imatinib mesylate ( Gleevec ) is currently the standard treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) and elicits a large reduction in leukemic cell burden in most patients . However , strong evidence suggests that imatinib does not cure the disease; approximately 20% of patients relapse within three years , and disco...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "computational", "biology/evolutionary", "modeling", "mathematics", "oncology/hematological", "malignancies", "hematology/myeloproliferative", "disorders,", "including", "chronic", "myeloid", "leukemia" ]	2009	Eradication of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: A Novel Mathematical Model Predicts No Therapeutic Benefit of Adding G-CSF to Imatinib
Filoviruses , including Marburg virus ( MARV ) and Ebola virus ( EBOV ) , cause fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates . All filoviruses encode a unique multi-functional protein termed VP35 . The C-terminal double-stranded ( ds ) RNA-binding domain ( RBD ) of VP35 has been implicated in interferon ant...	Filoviruses , Marburg virus and five ebolaviruses , cause severe hemorrhagic fever that is characterized by suppression of the innate immune system . Important to immunosuppression is the viral protein VP35 , which binds to and masks double-stranded ( ds ) RNA , a key signature of virus infection that is recognized by ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "biochemistry", "infectious", "diseases", "immunology", "biology", "chemistry", "chemical", "biology" ]	2012	Marburg Virus VP35 Can Both Fully Coat the Backbone and Cap the Ends of dsRNA for Interferon Antagonism
The essential mammalian gene TACC3 is frequently mutated and amplified in cancers and its fusion products exhibit oncogenic activity in glioblastomas . TACC3 functions in mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation . In particular , phosphorylation on S558 by the mitotic kinase , Aurora-A , promotes spindle rec...	Maintenance of genomic fidelity depends on the faithful division of chromosomes by the mitotic spindle , a molecular system comprising microtubules and associated proteins . The timely establishment of a functional bipolar spindle requires co-operation between several assembly pathways , coordinated by protein kinases ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Aurora-A-Dependent Control of TACC3 Influences the Rate of Mitotic Spindle Assembly
Understanding the mechanisms that promote the assembly and maintenance of host-beneficial microbiomes is an open problem . Empirical evidence supports the idea that animal and plant hosts can combine ‘private resources’ with the ecological phenomenon known as ‘community bistability’ to favour some microbial strains ove...	Host-associated microbiomes are complex communities , harbouring a great diversity of beneficial , neutral , or harmful species . Microbiome composition can have a significant effect on the health status and fitness of the host , and thus host species are selected to evolve mechanisms that favour the assembly of certai...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Models", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "antimicrobials", "space", "exploration", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neurochemistry", "microbiome", "drugs", "astronomical", "sciences", "microbiology", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "antibiotic", "resistance", "animal", "behavior", "antibiotics", "de...	2019	Efficient assembly and long-term stability of defensive microbiomes via private resources and community bistability
Studies to improve the efficacy of epilepsy surgery have focused on better refining the localization of the epileptogenic zone ( EZ ) with the aim of effectively resecting it . However , in a considerable number of patients , EZs are distributed across multiple brain regions and may involve eloquent areas that cannot b...	We propose a personalized in-silico surgical approach able to suggest effective and safe surgical options for each epilepsy patient . In particular , we focus on deriving effective alternative methods for those cases where EZs are inoperable because of issues related with neurological complications . Based on modularit...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "epilepsy", "computer", "and", "information", "sciences", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "functional", "electrical", "stimulation", "neural", "networks", "network", "analysis", "cognition", "neurology", "memory", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "signalin...	2019	Optimization of surgical intervention outside the epileptogenic zone in the Virtual Epileptic Patient (VEP)
DNA sequence polymorphism in a regulatory protein can have a widespread transcriptional effect . Here we present a computational approach for analyzing modules of genes with a common regulation that are affected by specific DNA polymorphisms . We identify such regulatory-linkage modules by integrating genotypic and exp...	High-throughput genotypic and expression data for individuals in a segregating population can provide important information regarding causal regulatory events . However , it has proven difficult to predict these regulatory relations , largely because of statistical power limitations . The use of additional available re...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/complex", "traits", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "expression", "computational", "biology/transcriptional", "regulation" ]	2010	Understanding Gene Sequence Variation in the Context of Transcription Regulation in Yeast
Communication of signals among nodes in a complex network poses fundamental problems of efficiency and cost . Routing of messages along shortest paths requires global information about the topology , while spreading by diffusion , which operates according to local topological features , is informationally “cheap” but i...	Brain network communication is typically approached from the perspective of the length of inferred paths and the cost of building and maintaining network connections . However , these analyses often disregard the dynamical processes taking place on the network and the additional costs that these processes incur . Here ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neural", "networks", "nervous", "system", "sociology", "signaling", "networks", "social", "sciences", "mathematical", "models", "neuroscience", "network", "analysis", "brain", "mapping", "research", "and", "analysis", "methods",...	2019	A spectrum of routing strategies for brain networks
The ATP-gated P2X4 receptor is a cation channel , which is important in various pathophysiological events . The architecture of the P2X4 receptor in the activated state and how to change its structure in response to ATP binding are not fully understood . Here , we analyze the architecture and ATP-induced structural cha...	ATP is not only a source of intracellular energy but can act as an intercellular signal by binding membrane receptors . Purinergic receptors , which bind with nucleotides including ATP are known as P2 receptors and are divided into two types: ion channel-type P2X receptors and metabotropic-type P2Y receptors . P2X rece...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemistry", "physiology", "pharmacology", "neuroscience" ]	2009	Direct Observation of ATP-Induced Conformational Changes in Single P2X4 Receptors
Typhoid fever , caused by the intracellular pathogen Salmonella ( S . ) enterica serovar Typhi , remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide . Granzymes are serine proteases promoting cytotoxic lymphocytes mediated eradication of intracellular pathogens via the induction of cell death and which can also ...	Typhoid fever is an ( sub ) acute febrile illness that remains an important global burden with more than 27 million cases worldwide each year and an estimated 217 , 000 deaths . During infection by Salmonella ( S . ) Typhi , the etiologic agent for typhoid fever , a cascade of antimicrobial functions is triggered and c...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "innate", "immune", "system", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cytokines", "pathogens", "immunology", "microbiology", "salmonella", "typhi", "bacterial", ...	2017	Expression of intra- and extracellular granzymes in patients with typhoid fever
In eukaryotic cells , local chromatin structure and chromatin organization in the nucleus both influence transcriptional regulation . At the local level , the Fun30 chromatin remodeler Fft3 is essential for maintaining proper chromatin structure at centromeres and subtelomeres in fission yeast . Using genome-wide mappi...	In the genome of eukaryotic cells , domains of active and repressive chromatin alternate along the chromosome arms . Insulator elements are necessary to shield these different environments from each other . In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , the chromatin remodeler Fft3 is required to maintain the repress...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	The Fun30 Chromatin Remodeler Fft3 Controls Nuclear Organization and Chromatin Structure of Insulators and Subtelomeres in Fission Yeast
Governments have agreed to expand the global protected area network from 13% to 17% of the world's land surface by 2020 ( Aichi target 11 ) and to prevent the further loss of known threatened species ( Aichi target 12 ) . These targets are interdependent , as protected areas can stem biodiversity loss when strategicall...	Under the Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD ) , governments have agreed to ambitious targets for expanding the global protected area network that could drive the greatest surge in new protected areas in history . They have also agreed to arrest the decline of known threatened species . However , existing protect...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "conservation", "science", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences" ]	2014	Targeting Global Protected Area Expansion for Imperiled Biodiversity
Argonaute proteins are often credited for their cytoplasmic activities in which they function as central mediators of the RNAi platform and microRNA ( miRNA ) -mediated processes . They also facilitate heterochromatin formation and establishment of repressive epigenetic marks in the nucleus of fission yeast and plants ...	Argonaute ( Ago ) proteins are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins indispensable for a gene regulation mechanism known as RNA interference ( RNAi ) which is mediated by small RNA including microRNA ( miRNA ) and small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) and occurs mainly in the cytoplasm . In mammalian cells , however...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	Ago1 Interacts with RNA Polymerase II and Binds to the Promoters of Actively Transcribed Genes in Human Cancer Cells
The role of actin dynamics in clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammalian cells is unclear . In this study , we define the role of actin cytoskeleton in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) entry and trafficking in endothelial cells using an immunofluorescence-based assay to visualize viral capsids and the a...	Endocytosis , an essential biological process mediating cellular internalization events , is often exploited by pathogens for their entry into target cells . The role of actin cytoskeleton in clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammalian cells remains unclear . Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is a gammahe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods", "and", "Materials" ]	[ "cell", "biology/membranes", "and", "sorting", "virology/host", "invasion", "and", "cell", "entry", "virology/viruses", "and", "cancer", "cell", "biology/cytoskeleton" ]	2009	Actin Dynamics Regulate Multiple Endosomal Steps during Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Entry and Trafficking in Endothelial Cells
Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are disabling and disfiguring neglected tropical diseases of major importance in developing countries . Ivermectin is the drug of choice for mass drug administration programs for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in areas where the diseases are co-endemic . A...	Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are tropical diseases caused by infections with parasitic nematodes . Resulting chronic diseases can be strongly blinding and disfiguring , and contribute to an entrenched cycle of poverty in affected populations . Ivermectin is one of the pivotal drugs used to control these infe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Data", "analysis", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "sequencing", "techniques", "invertebrates", "meiosis", "rna", "interference", "caenorhabditis", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "cell", "processes", "animals", "animal", "models", "caenorhabditis", "elegans", "model", "organisms", "brugia", "genome", "analy...	2016	The Effects of Ivermectin on Brugia malayi Females In Vitro: A Transcriptomic Approach
Improved serodiagnostic tests for typhoid fever ( TF ) are needed for surveillance , to facilitate patient management , curb antibiotic resistance , and inform public health programs . To address this need , IgA , IgM and IgG ELISAs using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S . Typhi ) lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) and he...	In many African countries , clinical management of children that present with symptoms of bacterial sepsis , such as typhoid fever ( TF ) caused by Salmonella Typhi , consists of empiric broad spectrum antibiotics . Blood culture remains the gold-standard for diagnosis , but is slow , suffers from poor sensitivity , an...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "salmonella", "typhi", "salmonellosis", "brucellosis", "pediatrics", "bacterial", "diseases", "enterobacteriaceae", ...	2017	Development of ELISAs for diagnosis of acute typhoid fever in Nigerian children
Porphobilinogen deaminase ( PBGD ) catalyzes the formation of 1-hydroxymethylbilane ( HMB ) , a crucial intermediate in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis , through a step-wise polymerization of four molecules of porphobilinogen ( PBG ) , using a unique dipyrromethane ( DPM ) cofactor . Structural and biochemical studies have s...	Heme is the prosthetic group at the core of the oxygen carrier metalloprotein hemoglobin . Heme consists of a tetrapyrrole called porphyrin bound to an iron ion . It is synthesized by the heme biosynthetic pathway , which is common to all eukaryotes and most prokaryotes . Porphobilinogen deaminase , an enzyme in the he...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biochemical", "simulations", "biophysic", "al", "simulations", "protein", "structure", "biology", "computational", "biology", "macromolecular", "structure", "analysis" ]	2014	Structural Insights into E. coli Porphobilinogen Deaminase during Synthesis and Exit of 1-Hydroxymethylbilane
Complement forms an important arm of innate immunity against invasive meningococcal infections . Binding of the alternative complement pathway inhibitor factor H ( fH ) to fH-binding protein ( fHbp ) is one mechanism meningococci employ to limit complement activation on the bacterial surface . fHbp is a leading vaccine...	Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis worldwide . The complement system is a family of proteins that is critical for innate immune defenses against this pathogen . In order to successfully colonize humans and cause disease , the meningococcus must escape killing by the compleme...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "microbiology/immunity", "to", "infections", "microbiology/innate", "immunity", "immunology/immune", "response", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections" ]	2010	The Meningococcal Vaccine Candidate Neisserial Surface Protein A (NspA) Binds to Factor H and Enhances Meningococcal Resistance to Complement
Cryptosporidium spp . infections are the most frequent parasitic cause of diarrhea in humans and cattle . However , asymptomatic cases are less often documented than symptomatic cases or cases with experimentally infected animals . Cryptosporidium ( C . ) hominis infection accounts for the majority of pediatric cases i...	Symptomatic infection by the Apicomplexan Cryptosporidium spp . is presently considered the most frequent parasitic cause of acute diarrhea in both humans ( especially severe in immunocompromised individuals and infants in both developed and developing countries ) and cattle ( calves ) , while asymptomatic infections a...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "livestock", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "parasite", "groups", "oocysts", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "respiratory", "infections", "pathogens", "microbiology", "cryptosporidium", "parasitic", "protozoans", "pulmonology", "parasitology", "apico...	2018	Common occurrence of Cryptosporidium hominis in asymptomatic and symptomatic calves in France
The Gene Ontology ( GO ) is a collaborative effort that provides structured vocabularies for annotating the molecular function , biological role , and cellular location of gene products in a highly systematic way and in a species-neutral manner with the aim of unifying the representation of gene function across differe...	Biological research is increasingly dependent on the availability of well-structured representations of biological data with detailed , accurate descriptions provided by the curators of the data repositories . The Reference Genome project's goal is to provide comprehensive functional annotation for the genomes of human...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "computational", "biology/bio-ontology", "computational", "biology/genomics" ]	2009	The Gene Ontology's Reference Genome Project: A Unified Framework for Functional Annotation across Species
Nucleoside analogs used in antiretroviral treatment have been associated with mitochondrial toxicity . The polymerase-γ hypothesis states that this toxicity stems from the analogs' inhibition of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase ( polymerase-γ ) leading to mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) depletion . We have constructed a co...	While HIV/AIDS therapy is very successful at controlling HIV infection , the therapy must continue for the remainder of the patient's life . Approximately one-fourth of these patients suffer from serious drug toxicity problems . It is generally believed that the toxicity of these drugs is caused by damage to mitochondr...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/hiv", "infection", "and", "aids", "cell", "biology", "molecular", "biology/dna", "replication", "computational", "biology" ]	2009	An Analysis of Enzyme Kinetics Data for Mitochondrial DNA Strand Termination by Nucleoside Reverse Transcription Inhibitors
Bacteria and archaea are characterized by an amazing metabolic diversity , which allows them to persist in diverse and often extreme habitats . Apart from oxygenic photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation , well-studied processes from chloroplasts and mitochondria of plants and animals , prokaryotes utilize various...	Bacteria and archaea are the most primitive forms of life on Earth , invisible to the naked eye and not extremely varied or impressive in their appearance . Nevertheless , they are characterized by an amazing metabolic diversity , especially in the different processes they use to generate energy in the form of ATP . Th...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "bacteriology", "sequencing", "techniques", "organismal", "evolution", "microbiology", "phylogenetics", "archaeal", "evolution", "microbial", "evolution", "molecular", "genetics", "bioenergetics", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "sequence", "analysis", "molecular", "evo...	2014	Evolution of the F0F1 ATP Synthase Complex in Light of the Patchy Distribution of Different Bioenergetic Pathways across Prokaryotes
Leishmania braziliensis is the most prevalent species isolated from patients displaying cutaneous and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America . However , there are difficulties for studying L . braziliensis pathogenesis or response to chemotherapy in vivo due to the natural resistance of most mouse strains to inf...	Leishmania braziliensis is the most prevalent species isolated from patients displaying either cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in South America . In this study , we developed a transgenic luciferase-expressing L . braziliensis line . These parasites were passaged in hamsters and mice and then transformed back ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "luciferase", "immune", "cells", "enzymes", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "enzymology", "vertebrates", "parasitic", "diseases", "protozoan", "life", "cycles", "animals", "mammals", "anima...	2016	A Luciferase-Expressing Leishmania braziliensis Line That Leads to Sustained Skin Lesions in BALB/c Mice and Allows Monitoring of Miltefosine Treatment Outcome
The biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis causes the powdery mildew disease of cereals and grasses . We present the first crystal structure of a B . graminis effector of pathogenicity ( CSEP0064/BEC1054 ) , demonstrating it has a ribonuclease ( RNase ) -like fold . This effector is part of a group of RNase-like ...	Powdery mildews are common plant diseases which affect important crop plants including cereals such as wheat and barley . The fungi that cause this disease are obligate biotrophs: they have an absolute requirement for living host cells which they penetrate with feeding structures called haustoria . These fungi must be ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "biotechnology", "plant", "anatomy", "barley", "nucleases", "engineering", "and", "technology", "enzymes", "rna", "extraction", "dna-binding", "proteins", "enzymology", "plant", "science", "genetically", "modified", "plants", "plant", "pathology", "plants", "cellular", ...	2019	The fungal ribonuclease-like effector protein CSEP0064/BEC1054 represses plant immunity and interferes with degradation of host ribosomal RNA
Identifying the structure and dynamics of synaptic interactions between neurons is the first step to understanding neural network dynamics . The presence of synaptic connections is traditionally inferred through the use of targeted stimulation and paired recordings or by post-hoc histology . More recently , causal netw...	To appreciate how neural circuits control behaviors , we must understand two things . First , how the neurons comprising the circuit are connected , and second , how neurons and their connections change after learning or in response to neuromodulators . Neuronal connectivity is difficult to determine experimentally , w...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "circuit", "models", "neural", "networks", "computational", "neuroscience", "signal", "processing", "biology", "computational", "biology", "statistical", "signal", "processing", "neuroscience", "engineering" ]	2013	Successful Reconstruction of a Physiological Circuit with Known Connectivity from Spiking Activity Alone
The molecular mechanism for meiotic entry remains largely elusive in flowering plants . Only Arabidopsis SWI1/DYAD and maize AM1 , both of which are the coiled-coil protein , are known to be required for the initiation of plant meiosis . The mechanism underlying the synchrony of male meiosis , characteristic to floweri...	Meiosis is a pivotal event to produce haploid spores and gametes in all sexually reproducing species and is a fundamentally different type of cell cycle from mitosis . Thus , the molecular mechanisms to switch the cell cycle from mitosis to meiosis have been studied by many researchers . In yeast and metazoans , RNA-bi...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "developmental", "biology/germ", "cells", "cell", "biology/cell", "growth", "and", "division", "developmental", "biology/plant", "growth", "and", "development", "plant", "biology/plant", "cell", "biology", "cell", "biology/plant", "genetics", "and", "gene", "expression", ...	2011	A Novel RNA-Recognition-Motif Protein Is Required for Premeiotic G1/S-Phase Transition in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
The cellular machinery required for the fusion of constitutive secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane in metazoans remains poorly defined . To address this problem we have developed a powerful , quantitative assay for measuring secretion and used it in combination with combinatorial gene depletion studies in Droso...	The constitutive secretory pathway delivers newly synthesised proteins and lipids to the cell surface and is essential for cell growth and viability . This pathway is required for the secretion of molecules such as antibodies , cytokines and extracellular matrix components so has both significant physiological and comm...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]	[ "cell", "physiology", "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "cloning", "animals", "animal", "models", "physiological", "processes", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "membrane", "fusion", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "molecu...	2017	VAMP3/Syb and YKT6 are required for the fusion of constitutive secretory carriers with the plasma membrane
Nucleotide changes in the AUTS2 locus , some of which affect only noncoding regions , are associated with autism and other neurological disorders , including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , epilepsy , dyslexia , motor delay , language delay , visual impairment , microcephaly , and alcohol consumption . In ad...	Autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ) are neurodevelopmental disorders that affect 1 in 88 individuals in the United States . Many gene mutations have been associated with autism; however , they explain only a small part of the genetic cause for this disorder . One gene that has been linked to autism is AUTS2 . AUTS2 has ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "organismal", "evolution", "molecular", "neuroscience", "functional", "genomics", "neuroscience", "gene", "function", "developmental", "neuroscience", "comparative", "genomics", "biology", "genetics", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology", "genetics", "of", "disease", "gene...	2013	Function and Regulation of AUTS2, a Gene Implicated in Autism and Human Evolution
Although balancing selection with the sickle-cell trait and other red blood cell disorders has emphasized the interaction between malaria and human genetics , no systematic approach has so far been undertaken towards a comprehensive search for human genome variants influencing malaria . By screening 2 , 551 families in...	In tropical Africa , virtually all children become infected with malaria parasites . Most of them experience several malaria attacks per year , and over a million die from disease complications . Sickle-cell anemia , thalassemias , and other inherited red blood cell disorders indicate that malaria has selected for huma...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "homo", "(human)", "microbiology" ]	2007	Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of Malaria Infection Intensity and Mild Disease
Our recent study on the functional analysis of the Knickkopf protein from T . castaneum ( TcKnk ) , indicated a novel role for this protein in protection of chitin from degradation by chitinases . Knk is also required for the laminar organization of chitin in the procuticle . During a bioinformatics search using this p...	We have identified two additional members of the family of Knickkopf ( Knk ) -like proteins in the genome of the red flour beetle as well as in all insect species with completely sequenced genomes . The previously characterized member of this family , TcKnk , protects chitin in the newly forming cuticle ( exoskeleton )...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "And", "Methods" ]	[ "molecular", "biology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "developmental", "biology" ]	2014	Functional Specialization Among Members Of Knickkopf Family Of Proteins In Insect Cuticle Organization
Studying the complex relationship between transcription , translation and protein degradation is essential to our understanding of biological processes in health and disease . The limited correlations observed between mRNA and protein abundance suggest pervasive regulation of post-transcriptional steps and support the ...	How the genetic program of a cell unfolds to execute complex functions depends on a dynamic interplay between multiple steps that include transcription of DNA into mRNA , translation of mRNA into protein and post-translational degradation of mature proteins . Profiling of gene expression is traditionally based on measu...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	Uncovering Hidden Layers of Cell Cycle Regulation through Integrative Multi-omic Analysis
Infectious diseases are a leading threat to public health . Accurate and timely monitoring of disease risk and progress can reduce their impact . Mentioning a disease in social networks is correlated with physician visits by patients , and can be used to estimate disease activity . Dengue is the fastest growing mosquit...	Dengue is a fast-growing mosquito-borne viral disease , with an estimated annual incidence of 390 million infections , of which 96 million manifest clinically . Dengue burden is likely to increase in the future . Mentioning a disease in social networks is correlated with physician visits by patients , and can be used t...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "infectious", "disease", "epidemiology", "sociology", "geographical", "locations", "tropical", "diseases", "social", "sciences", "social", "media", "online", "encyclopedias", "mathematics", "forecasting", "statistics", "(mathematics)...	2017	Dengue prediction by the web: Tweets are a useful tool for estimating and forecasting Dengue at country and city level
Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis that is often under-recognized in children and commonly confused with dengue in tropical settings . An enhanced ability to distinguish leptospirosis from dengue in children would guide clinicians and public health personnel in the appropriate use of limited healthcare resources . W...	Two of the most common causes of acute febrile illnesses among children in the tropics are leptospirosis and dengue . Early in illness , these two conditions are often indistinguishable and rapid laboratory confirmation of the infecting pathogen is generally not available . An enhanced ability to distinguish leptospiro...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases/bacterial", "infections" ]	2007	A Comparative Study of Leptospirosis and Dengue in Thai Children
Parasites and pollutants can both affect any living organism , and their interactions can be very important . To date , repeated studies have found that parasites and heavy metals or metalloids both have important negative effects on the health of animals , often in a synergistic manner . Here , we show for the first t...	Virtually all free-living organisms are infected by parasites . Moreover , both parasites and hosts may be exposed to increasing levels of pollution and might be affected by climate change . However , few studies have considered the environmental context in which parasites and hosts interact , and the relationships bet...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "ecology", "and", "environmental", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cestodes", "oxidative", "stress", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "toxicology", "toxicity", "lipids", "flatworms", ...	2016	When Parasites Are Good for Health: Cestode Parasitism Increases Resistance to Arsenic in Brine Shrimps
How long-term memories are stored is a fundamental question in neuroscience . The first molecular mechanism for long-term memory storage in the brain was recently identified as the persistent action of protein kinase Mzeta ( PKMζ ) , an autonomously active atypical protein kinase C ( PKC ) isoform critical for the main...	How long-term memories are stored as physical traces in the brain is a fundamental question in neuroscience . Recently , we discovered the first molecular mechanism of long-term memory storage . We showed that unpleasant memories are stored by the persistent action of an enzyme , a form of protein kinase C , termed PKM...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "neuroscience", "physiology" ]	2008	PKMζ Maintains Spatial, Instrumental, and Classically Conditioned Long-Term Memories
In human studies , how averaged activation in a brain region relates to human behavior has been extensively investigated . This approach has led to the finding that positive and negative facial preferences are represented by different brain regions . However , using a functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) deco...	Although it is well studied how averaged activation of a brain region relates to behavior , it is still unclear if specific patterns of activation within regions also relate to cognitive function . In recent years , several methods have been developed for manipulating brain activity in humans . Real-time functional mag...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "diagnostic", "radiology", "functional", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "face", "engineering", "and", "technology", "electronics", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "regression", "analys...	2016	Differential Activation Patterns in the Same Brain Region Led to Opposite Emotional States
Studies in vision show that attention enhances the firing rates of cells when it is directed towards their preferred stimulus feature . However , it is unknown whether other sensory systems employ this mechanism to mediate feature selection within their modalities . Moreover , whether feature-based attention modulates ...	Attention can select stimuli in space based on the stimulus features most relevant for a task . Attention effects have been linked to several important phenomena such as modulations in neuronal spiking rate ( i . e . , the average number of spikes per unit time ) and spike-spike synchrony between neurons . Attention ha...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "action", "potentials", "behavioral", "neuroscience", "cognitive", "neuroscience", "computational", "neuroscience", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "sensory", "systems", "sensory", "perception", "computational", "biology", "touch", "neuroscience", "neurophysiology", "...	2014	Temporal Correlation Mechanisms and Their Role in Feature Selection: A Single-Unit Study in Primate Somatosensory Cortex
Bats harbor many viruses , which are periodically transmitted to humans resulting in outbreaks of disease ( e . g . , Ebola , SARS-CoV ) . Recently , influenza virus-like sequences were identified in bats; however , the viruses could not be cultured . This discovery aroused great interest in understanding the evolution...	The identification of influenza virus-like sequences in two different bat species has generated great interest in understanding their biology , ability to mix with other influenza viruses , and their public health threat . Unfortunately , bat-influenza viruses couldn't be cultured from the samples containing the influe...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "infectious", "diseases", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "genetics", "synthetic", "biology", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "microbiology", "evolutionary", "biology", "molecular", "biology" ]	2014	Characterization of Uncultivable Bat Influenza Virus Using a Replicative Synthetic Virus
There are 91 known capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae . The nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence of particular serotypes is relatively stable worldwide , but the host and bacterial factors that maintain these patterns are poorly understood . Given the possibility of serotype replacement following vaccination ...	Streptococcus pneumoniae , or pneumococcus , is an important pathogen worldwide and causes a wide range of diseases , mostly in young children and the elderly . There are 91 serotypes of pneumococcus , each of which produces a unique polysaccharide , called the capsule , that attaches to the bacterial surface and preve...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]	[ "evolutionary", "biology/microbial", "evolution", "and", "genomics", "microbiology/immunity", "to", "infections", "public", "health", "and", "epidemiology/infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/bacterial", "infections", "microbiology/microbial", "physiology", "and", "...	2009	Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Structure Predicts Serotype Prevalence
Following domestication , livestock breeds have experienced intense selection pressures for the development of desirable traits . This has resulted in a large diversity of breeds that display variation in many phenotypic traits , such as coat colour , muscle composition , early maturity , growth rate , body size , repr...	The domestic pig , an important source of protein worldwide , was domesticated from the ancestral wild boar in multiple locations throughout the world . In Europe , local types were developed following domestication , but phenotypically distinct breeds only arose in the eighteenth century with the advent of systematic ...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[ "animal", "genetics", "genetic", "polymorphism", "genome", "evolution", "genetics", "population", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "evolutionary", "biology", "evolutionary", "genetics", "agricultural", "production", "agriculture" ]	2013	Signatures of Diversifying Selection in European Pig Breeds
Drug resistance is a major problem in leishmaniasis chemotherapy . RNA expression profiling using DNA microarrays is a suitable approach to study simultaneous events leading to a drug-resistance phenotype . Genomic analysis has been performed primarily with Old World Leishmania species and here we investigate molecular...	Leishmania are unicellular microorganisms that can be transmitted to humans by the bite of sandflies . They cause a spectrum of diseases called leishmaniasis , which are classified as neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization . The treatment of leishmaniasis is based on the administration of antimony...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[ "medicine", "genome", "expression", "analysis", "infectious", "diseases", "leishmaniasis", "biology", "genomics", "parasitic", "diseases", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]	2011	Gene Expression Profiling and Molecular Characterization of Antimony Resistance in Leishmania amazonensis
Snakebite results in delayed psychological morbidity and negative psycho-social impact . However , psychological support is rarely provided to victims . To assess the effectiveness of a brief intervention which can be provided by non-specialist doctors aimed at reducing psychological morbidity following snakebite enven...	Snakebite is an important health problem in many rural communities in tropical countries . However , little is known about the lasting physical and mental health effects following a bite . We recently reported that mental problems , with harmful social outcomes , can occur in many people after they are bitten by a snak...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]	[]	2015	A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief Intervention for Delayed Psychological Effects in Snakebite Victims
The development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms relies on gene regulation within individual constituent cells . Gene regulatory circuits that increase the robustness of gene expression frequently incorporate microRNAs as post-transcriptional regulators . Computational approaches , synthetic gene circuits and...	microRNAs are integral to many developmental processes and may 'canalise' development by reducing cell-to-cell variation in gene expression . This idea is supported by computational studies that have modeled the impact of microRNAs on the expression of their targets and the construction of artificial incoherent feedfor...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2015	microRNAs Regulate Cell-to-Cell Variability of Endogenous Target Gene Expression in Developing Mouse Thymocytes
Genetic studies have identified a core set of transcription factors and target genes that control the development of the neocortex , the region of the human brain responsible for higher cognition . The specific regulatory interactions between these factors , many key upstream and downstream genes , and the enhancers th...	Sequencing based technologies provide global snapshots of transcriptional regulation . These data promise insights into gene regulation , disease susceptibility and organismal evolution . They also provide a methodological challenge in distilling specific hypotheses from large masses of data . Most work to date has foc...	[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]	[]	2013	The Enhancer Landscape during Early Neocortical Development Reveals Patterns of Dense Regulation and Co-option

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