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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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The discrimination of the direction of movement of sensory images is critical to the control of many animal behaviors . We propose a parsimonious model of motion processing that generates direction selective responses using short-term synaptic depression and can reproduce salient features of direction selectivity found... | Short-term synaptic plasticity is ubiquitous in brain circuits , but its function in sensorimotor processing remains unclear . We propose a parsimonious model of motion processing using short-term depression to produce directionally selective responses . In the model circuit , information from two spatially separated r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"vertebrates",
"teleost",
"fishes",
"neuroscience",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Synaptic Plasticity Can Produce and Enhance Direction Selectivity |
Deletion of tumor suppressor genes in stromal fibroblasts induces epithelial cancer development , suggesting an important role of stroma in epithelial homoeostasis . However , the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated . Here we report that deletion of the gene encoding TGFβ receptor 2 ( Tgfbr2 ) in the stromal ... | Cancer is no longer regarded as a problem of solely cancer cells . The development and metastasis of cancers clearly involves many aspects of the host . We sought to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial cancer development due to alterations in stromal cells . Using an animal model in which TGF-β sign... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"genetics",
"immune",
"cells",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"signal",
"transduction",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunology",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"dna",
"modification",
"immune",
"response",
"signal",
"transduction",
"mo... | 2013 | Inflammation-Mediated Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Drive Cancer Development in the Neighboring Epithelium upon Stromal Abrogation of TGF-β Signaling |
Dengue virus infections are a major cause of febrile illness that significantly affects individual and societal productivity and drives up health care costs principally in the developing world . Two dengue vaccine candidates are in advanced clinical efficacy trials in Latin America and Asia , and another has been licen... | The Dengue Illness Index ( DII ) is a tool that was developed to improve and standardize the measurement of vaccine and drug efficacy in reducing moderate dengue illness by capturing the overall subjective disease experience of an individual based on how the totality of their symptoms impacts their wellness and daily f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"viruses",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"signs",
"and",
"symptom... | 2018 | Dengue illness index—A tool to characterize the subjective dengue illness experience |
In multicellular organisms , growth and proliferation is adjusted to nutritional conditions by a complex signaling network . The Insulin receptor/target of rapamycin ( InR/TOR ) signaling cascade plays a pivotal role in nutrient dependent growth regulation in Drosophila and mammals alike . Here we identify Cyclin G ( C... | Size and growth of an organism are adjusted to nutritional conditions by a complex regulatory network involving the Insulin receptor and TOR signaling cascades . Drosophila melanogaster has been used in the past as a genetically tractable model to unravel the complex circuitry by genetic means . We have identified CycG... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Cyclin G Functions as a Positive Regulator of Growth and Metabolism in Drosophila |
In response to misaligned sister chromatids during mitosis , the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome ( APC/C ) through binding to its mitotic activator Cdc20 , thus delaying anaphase onset . Mad1 , an upstream regulator of Mad2 , forms a tight core complex with Mad2 and ... | Chromosome missegregation during mitosis results in the gain or loss of chromosomes in the next generation of cells and can contribute to birth defects or cancer . A cellular surveillance system called the spindle checkpoint ensures that accurate chromosome segregation occurs by inhibiting the activity of the anaphase-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology",
"biophysics"
] | 2008 | Insights into Mad2 Regulation in the Spindle Checkpoint Revealed by the Crystal Structure of the Symmetric Mad2 Dimer |
Previously , we proposed a rare autosomal recessive inherited enteropathy characterized by persistent blood and protein loss from the small intestine as chronic nonspecific multiple ulcers of the small intestine ( CNSU ) . By whole-exome sequencing in five Japanese patients with CNSU and one unaffected individual , we ... | Advanced diagnostic innovations such as capsule endoscopy and balloon endoscopy have provided better understanding of endoscopic findings of small bowel diseases . However , it remains difficult to diagnose small intestinal diseases such as Crohn’s disease , intestinal tuberculosis , and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Hereditary Enteropathy Caused by Mutations in the SLCO2A1 Gene, Encoding a Prostaglandin Transporter |
Tubercidin ( TUB ) is a toxic adenosine analog with potential antiparasitic activity against Leishmania , with mechanism of action and resistance that are not completely understood . For understanding the mechanisms of action and identifying the potential metabolic pathways affected by this drug , we employed in this s... | The identification of genes associated with drug resistance has contributed for understanding of the mechanisms of action of compounds against Leishmania , as well as , in the identification of the resistance mechanisms mediated by the proteins encoded by these genes . Differently from the mammalian host , Leishmania i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"glycosylamines",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"microbiology",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"organic",
"compounds",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"purines",
... | 2016 | Characterization of a Novel Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Involved in Tubercidin Resistance in Leishmania major |
In 1994 , combined active and passive screening reported 1469 cases from the historic Gambian Human African Trypanosomiasis ( gHAT ) foci of West Nile , Uganda . Since 2011 systematic active screening has stopped and there has been reliance on passive screening . During 2014 , passive screening alone detected just nine... | The number of gHAT cases across West Nile , Uganda has declined in the last 20 years . This decline is due to the impact of programmes of active and passive case detection and treatment which have recently been combined with tsetse control operations ( post 2011 ) . We carried out an active survey of gHAT to evaluate t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"uganda",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"social",
"geography",
"protozoans",
"neglecte... | 2019 | Gambian human African trypanosomiasis in North West Uganda. Are we on course for the 2020 target? |
In Latin America , 18 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi , the agent of Chagas' disease , with the greatest economic burden . Vertebrate calreticulins ( CRT ) are multifunctional , intra- and extracellular proteins . In the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) they bind calcium and act as chaperones . Since hum... | In Latin America , 18 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi , a protozoan that causes Chagas' disease . Vertebrate calreticulins ( CRTs ) are multifunctional , intra- and extracellular calcium binding , chaperone proteins . Since human CRT ( HuCRT ) inhibits capillary growth ( angiogenesis ) and suppresses... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"cell",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"cell",
"biology",
"infectious"... | 2010 | Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Effects of Trypanosoma cruzi Calreticulin |
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSCs ) opens a new avenue in regenerative medicine . One of the major hurdles for therapeutic applications is to improve the efficiency of generating iPSCs and also to avoid the tumorigenicity , which requires searching for new reprogramming recipes . We present a systems... | Converting somatic cells back to the stem cell state ( called induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs ) exemplifies the recent advancement of cellular reprogramming that holds great promise for developing regenerative medicine . Generation of iPSCs is often achieved by overexpressing three to four genes in somatic cell... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"systems",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"stem",
"cells",
"induced",
"pluripotent",
"stem",
"cells",
"embryonic",
"stem",
"cells",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"regulatory",
"networks",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"... | 2011 | Systematic Search for Recipes to Generate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
Mimivirus , or Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus ( APMV ) , a giant double-stranded DNA virus that grows in amoeba , was identified for the first time in 2003 . Entry by phagocytosis within amoeba has been suggested but not demonstrated . We demonstrate here that APMV was internalized by macrophages but not by non-phago... | The giant ( 750 nm ) double-stranded DNA virus Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus ( APMV ) is likely responsible for pneumonia . We demonstrate here that APMV was internalized by macrophages but not by non-phagocytic cells , leading to productive replication . We also show that APMV invaded macrophages through phagocytos... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology"
] | 2008 | Ameobal Pathogen Mimivirus Infects Macrophages through Phagocytosis |
Dengue is endemic to the rural province of Kamphaeng Phet , Northern Thailand . A decade of prospective cohort studies has provided important insights into the dengue viruses and their generated disease . However , as elsewhere , spatial dynamics of the pathogen remain poorly understood . In particular , the spatial sc... | Transmission of dengue virus has long been studied in Kamphaeng Phet , Northern Thailand , but how cases are related in time and space is still unclear , as is the role of human movement in generating these patterns . Because of these knowledge gaps , public health officials cannot make educated decisions on how to tar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"plant",
"science",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"modeling",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"dengue",
"fever",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
... | 2014 | The Spatial Dynamics of Dengue Virus in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand |
Inflammation has long been implicated as a contributor to pathogenesis in many CNS illnesses , including Lyme neuroborreliosis . Borrelia burgdorferi is the spirochete that causes Lyme disease and it is known to potently induce the production of inflammatory mediators in a variety of cells . In experiments where B . bu... | Lyme disease , which is transmitted to humans through the bite of a tick , is currently the most frequently reported vector-borne illness in the northern hemisphere . Borrelia burgdorferi is the bacterium that causes Lyme disease and it is known to readily induce inflammation within a variety of infected tissues . Many... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2009 | Microglia Are Mediators of Borrelia burgdorferi–Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells |
Chemerin is an adipokine proposed to link obesity and chronic inflammation of adipose tissue . Genetic factors determining chemerin release from adipose tissue are yet unknown . We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) for serum chemerin in three independent cohorts from Europe: Sorbs an... | Chemerin is an adipokine proposed to link obesity and chronic inflammation of adipose tissue . In the present study we show that circulating chemerin is a heritable trait . In a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) of 2 , 791 individuals from Germany and Finland , we identified common genetic varia... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diabetic",
"endocrinology",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"endocrinology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"metabolic",
"disorders"
] | 2014 | Genome Wide Meta-analysis Highlights the Role of Genetic Variation in RARRES2 in the Regulation of Circulating Serum Chemerin |
Proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis requires the formation and repair of double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) to form crossovers . Repair is biased toward using the homolog as a substrate rather than the sister chromatid . Pch2 is a conserved member of the AAA+-ATPase family of proteins and is implicated in a wid... | Sexually reproductive organisms utilize meiosis to produce gametes ( e . g . egg and sperm ) . During meiosis , chromosome numbers reduce to half ( haploid ) and fertilization restores their numbers to a diploid state so that ploidy can be maintained throughout generations . Meiosis involves two successive divisions ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Pch2 Acts through Xrs2 and Tel1/ATM to Modulate Interhomolog Bias and Checkpoint Function during Meiosis |
Scaffold proteins play a crucial role in facilitating signal transduction in eukaryotes by bringing together multiple signaling components . In this study , we performed a systematic analysis of scaffold proteins in signal transduction by integrating protein-protein interaction and kinase-substrate relationship network... | Despite their importance in the signaling transduction , there is no systematic effort in identifying and characterizing the scaffold proteins in humans . In this work , we predicted scaffold proteins by integrating the available protein-protein interactions and kinase-substrate relationships . The predicted scaffold p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Systematic Prediction of Scaffold Proteins Reveals New Design Principles in Scaffold-Mediated Signal Transduction |
We retrospectively calculated the prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of Chagas infection in the New York blood donor population over three years utilizing the New York Blood Center's database of the New York metropolitan area donor population . Seventy Trypanosoma cruzi positive donors were identified from am... | Chagas Disease is a common and economically devastating disease of Latin America , with millions infected and many more at risk of infection . The hallmark of Chagas Disease is a long asymptomatic latent period ( after an often tiny bug bite ) followed by potentially fatal cardiac or gastrointestinal sequelae . Despite... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"disease",
"mapping",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"chagas",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"transfusion",
"me... | 2012 | Seroprevalence of Chagas Infection in the Donor Population |
Pneumococcal carriage is both immunising and a pre-requisite for mucosal and systemic disease . Murine models of pneumococcal colonisation show that IL-17A-secreting CD4+ T-cells ( Th-17 cells ) are essential for clearance of pneumococci from the nasopharynx . Pneumococcal-responding IL-17A-secreting CD4+ T-cells have ... | Pneumococcal carriage is an important step in the development of cellular and humoral pneumococcal immunity but paradoxically may lead to mucosal diseases such as pneumonia . The frequency of carriage and pneumonia in young healthy adults is very low despite frequent exposures suggesting the presence of appropriate muc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"streptococci",
"immunologic",
"subspecialties",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"immune",
"defense",
"pulmonary",
"immunology",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
... | 2013 | Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage Augments IL-17A-dependent T-cell Defence of the Lung |
Akt phosphorylation is a major driver of cell survival , motility , and proliferation in development and disease , causing increased interest in upstream regulators of Akt like mTOR complex 2 ( mTORC2 ) . We used genetic disruption of Rictor to impair mTORC2 activity in mouse mammary epithelia , which decreased Akt pho... | The protein kinase mTOR is frequently activated in breast cancers , where it enhances cancer cell growth , survival , and metastastic spread to distant organs . Thus , mTOR is an attractive , clinically relevant molecular target for drugs designed to treat metastatic breast cancers . However , mTOR exists in two distin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | mTOR Directs Breast Morphogenesis through the PKC-alpha-Rac1 Signaling Axis |
West Nile Virus ( WNV ) , an emerging and re-emerging RNA virus , is the leading source of arboviral encephalitic morbidity and mortality in the United States . WNV infections are acutely controlled by innate immunity in peripheral tissues outside of the central nervous system ( CNS ) but WNV can evade the actions of i... | In recent years , outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging neuroinvasive West Nile virus ( WNV ) infection have brought about a critical need to understand host factors that restrict neuropathology and disease . WNV infection in humans typically is either asymptomatic or results in a mild febrile illness , but in some cas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"nervous",
"system",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"euthanasia",
"rna",
"vi... | 2019 | STING is required for host defense against neuropathological West Nile virus infection |
Recent genome-wide association ( GWA ) studies described 95 loci controlling serum lipid levels . These common variants explain ∼25% of the heritability of the phenotypes . To date , no unbiased screen for gene–environment interactions for circulating lipids has been reported . We screened for variants that modify the ... | Circulating serum lipids contribute greatly to the global health by affecting the risk for cardiovascular diseases . Serum lipid levels are partly inherited , and already 95 loci affecting high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , total cholesterol , and triglycerides have been found . Serum lipids are also known... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | A Genome-Wide Screen for Interactions Reveals a New Locus on 4p15 Modifying the Effect of Waist-to-Hip Ratio on Total Cholesterol |
A rich body of empirically grounded theory has developed about food webs—the networks of feeding relationships among species within habitats . However , detailed food-web data and analyses are lacking for ancient ecosystems , largely because of the low resolution of taxa coupled with uncertain and incomplete informatio... | Food webs , which depict the networks of feeding interactions among co-occurring species , display many regularities in their structure . For example , the distributions of links to prey and links from predators , the percentages of omnivores and herbivores , and the mean trophic level of species change systematically ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"ecology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Compilation and Network Analyses of Cambrian Food Webs |
Generation of skeletal muscles with forms adapted to their function is essential for normal movement . Muscle shape is patterned by the coordinated polarity of collectively migrating myoblasts . Constitutive inactivation of the protocadherin gene Fat1 uncoupled individual myoblast polarity within chains , altering the ... | Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy ( FSHD ) is a hereditary human myopathy affecting groups of skeletal muscles in the face and shoulders . Despite recent advances on the molecular cascade initiated by its main genetic cause , with identification of DUX4 as the main pathogenic agent , how this leads to the specific... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"cadherins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"development",
"skeletal",
"development",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"morphogenesis",
"c... | 2013 | Deregulation of the Protocadherin Gene FAT1 Alters Muscle Shapes: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy |
HIV-1 reservoirs preclude virus eradication in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) . The best characterized reservoir is a small , difficult-to-quantify pool of resting memory CD4+ T cells carrying latent but replication-competent viral genomes . Because strategies targeting this latent re... | Efforts to cure HIV-1 infection have focused on a small pool of CD4+ T cells that carry viral genetic information in a latent form . These cells persist even in patients on optimal antiretroviral therapy . Novel therapeutic strategies targeting latently infected cells are being developed , and therefore practical assay... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Comparative Analysis of Measures of Viral Reservoirs in HIV-1 Eradication Studies |
Tuberculosis ( TB ) disease in HIV co-infected patients contributes to increased mortality by activating innate and adaptive immune signaling cascades that stimulate HIV-1 replication , leading to an increase in viral load . Here , we demonstrate that silencing of the expression of the transcription factor nuclear fact... | The major cause of AIDS deaths globally has been tuberculosis ( TB ) , which is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MTb ) . Co-infection with MTb exacerbates human immunodeficiency virus type1 ( HIV-1 ) replication and disease progression via both innate and adaptive host immune responses to MTb infect... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Dependent HIV-1 Transcription Reveals a New Role for NFAT5 in the Toll-Like Receptor Pathway |
Despite decades of work , our understanding of the distribution of fitness effects of segregating genetic variants in natural populations remains largely incomplete . One form of selection that can maintain genetic variation is spatially varying selection , such as that leading to latitudinal clines . While the introdu... | Understanding how genetic and phenotypic diversity are generated and maintained in natural populations is a central question in biology . Latitudinal clines in D . melanogaster represent a model system for investigating the biological and population genetic basis for local adaptation . Recent technological and statisti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"ultraviolet",
"radiation",
"population",
"genetics",
"light",
"animals",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"animal",
"models",
"dna",
"damage",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"dna",... | 2016 | The Adaptive Significance of Natural Genetic Variation in the DNA Damage Response of Drosophila melanogaster |
Malaria remains endemic in several countries of South America with low to moderate transmission intensity . Regional human migration through underserved endemic areas may be responsible for significant parasite dispersion making the disease resilient to interventions . Thus , the genetic characterization of malarial pa... | The regional movements of infected individuals that connect suitable transmission areas make malaria resilient to control efforts . Those movements are expected to leave genetic signatures in the parasite populations that can be detected using analytical tools . In this study , the genetic makeups of Plasmodium vivax p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"plasmodium",
"population",
"genetics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"genetic",
"ma... | 2019 | Limited differentiation among Plasmodium vivax populations from the northwest and to the south Pacific Coast of Colombia: A malaria corridor? |
The flagellated protozoan Giardia duodenalis is a common gastrointestinal parasite of mammals , including humans . Molecular characterizations have shown the existence of eight genetic groups ( or assemblages ) in the G . duodenalis species complex . Human infections are caused by assemblages A and B , which infect oth... | Giardia duodenalis is an important cause of diarrhoea in humans worldwide , even if the burden of infection is higher in developing countries where the poor sanitary conditions favour the contamination of water and food with infective cysts . The parasite is considered as a species complex that comprises at least eight... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"giardiasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology"
] | 2012 | Detection of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages A and B in Human Feces by Simple, Assemblage-Specific PCR Assays |
The thick-tufted layer 5b pyramidal cell extends its dendritic tree to all six layers of the mammalian neocortex and serves as a major building block for the cortical column . L5b pyramidal cells have been the subject of extensive experimental and modeling studies , yet conductance-based models of these cells that fait... | The pyramidal cell of layer 5b in the mammalian neocortex extends its dendritic tree to all six layers of cortex , thus receiving inputs from the entire cortical column and supplying the major output of the column to other brain areas . L5b pyramidal cells have been the subject of extensive experimental and modeling st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"algorithms",
"computerized",
"simulations",
"computer",
"science",
"computer",
"modeling",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"single",
"neuron",
"function",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience"
] | 2011 | Models of Neocortical Layer 5b Pyramidal Cells Capturing a Wide Range of Dendritic and Perisomatic Active Properties |
Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill . ) belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is a popular fruit tree species with immense economic and nutritional value . Here , we report a draft genome of the dry jujube cultivar ‘Junzao’ and the genome resequencing of 31 geographically diverse accessions of cultivated and wild jujubes ( Zi... | A balanced sweetness and acidity taste is among the most important characteristics of fruits . It is generally believed that human selection of sweetness plays a crucial role in the process of domestication from wild to cultivated fruit trees . However , the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit taste domestication sti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"genomic",
"library",
"construction",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"plant",
"science",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"crops",
"plant",
"genomics",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"plants",
"research",
... | 2016 | The Jujube Genome Provides Insights into Genome Evolution and the Domestication of Sweetness/Acidity Taste in Fruit Trees |
The severity of cardiac disease in chronic Chagas disease patients is associated with different features of T-cell exhaustion . Here , we assessed whether the ability of T cells to secrete IFN-γ in response to T . cruzi was linked to disruption in immune homeostasis and inflammation in patients with chronic Chagas dise... | Mechanisms of acquired immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi antigens include both humoral and cellular components that might be critical in a chronic infection . Through a vast number of studies , several groups have postulated that , similar to other chronic infections , T-cell responses in chronic Trypanosoma cr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"phosphorylation",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",... | 2018 | Trypanosoma cruzi-specific IFN-γ-producing cells in chronic Chagas disease associate with a functional IL-7/IL-7R axis |
Macrophages ( MØ ) and mononuclear phagocytes are major targets of infection by dengue virus ( DV ) , a mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause haemorrhagic fever in humans . To our knowledge , we show for the first time that the MØ mannose receptor ( MR ) binds to all four serotypes of DV and specifically to the enve... | Dengue disease and its severe manifestations are a growing public health concern , with a third to half the world's population living in dengue-endemic areas . In recent years there have been significant advances in understanding dengue virus ( DV ) interactions with target cells such as macrophages , dendritic cells ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"immunology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"insects"
] | 2008 | The Mannose Receptor Mediates Dengue Virus Infection of Macrophages |
Endemic typhus caused by Rickettsia ( R . ) typhi is an emerging febrile disease that can be fatal due to multiple organ pathology . Here we analyzed the requirements for protection against R . typhi by T cells in the CB17 SCID model of infection . BALB/c wild-type mice generate CD4+ TH1 and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells both... | Rickettsia typhi causes endemic typhus , a relatively mild disease . However , complications such as encephalitis , hepatitis , pneumonia and others can occur in severe cases . In immunodeficient CB17 SCID mice R . typhi causes a 100% fatal infection and we show here that adoptively transferred CD8+ as well as CD4+ T c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",... | 2017 | Cytotoxic effector functions of T cells are not required for protective immunity against fatal Rickettsia typhi infection in a murine model of infection: Role of TH1 and TH17 cytokines in protection and pathology |
Significantly higher prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis has been reported in chronic alcoholic patients . The aim of this investigation was to report the prevalence of Strongyloides larvae in stools of chronic alcoholic patients with known daily ethanol intake . From January 2001 through December 2003 the results ... | It has been reported that Strongyloides stercoralis infection is more prevalent in chronic alcoholic patients than in non alcoholics living in the same country . In a retrospective study on the prevalence of S . stercoralis infection in a large sample of alcoholic patients , we demonstrate that this prevalence is signi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Alcoholism and Strongyloides stercoralis: Daily Ethanol Ingestion Has a Positive Correlation with the Frequency of Strongyloides Larvae in the Stools |
In South America , various species of Leishmania are endemic and cause New World tegumentary leishmaniasis ( NWTL ) . The correct identification of these species is critical for adequate clinical management and surveillance activities . We developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) assay and evaluated its ... | Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease with more than two million new human infections annually worldwide . Tegumentary leishmaniasis , cutaneous and mucocutaneous , is mainly caused by five Leishmania species of the Viannia complex in South America . Different species can cause disease with similar symptoms but have dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"test",
"evaluation",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"leishmania",
"leishmaniasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"protozoology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | A FRET-Based Real-Time PCR Assay to Identify the Main Causal Agents of New World Tegumentary Leishmaniasis |
Streptococcus suis is the most common cause of meningitis in pork consuming and pig rearing countries in South-East Asia . We performed a systematic review of studies on S . suis meningitis to define the clinical characteristics , predisposing factors and outcome . Studies published between January 1 , 1980 and August ... | Meningitis is a common manifestation of Streptococcus suis infection . S . suis is endemic in pork consuming and pig rearing countries . We systematically reviewed the clinical characteristics , predisposing factors and outcome of S . suis meningitis . We identified 913 patients included in 24 studies , with a mean age... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Streptococcus suis Meningitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
Neural circuits are wired by chemotactic migration of growth cones guided by extracellular guidance cue gradients . How growth cone chemotaxis builds the macroscopic structure of the neural circuit is a fundamental question in neuroscience . I addressed this issue in the case of the ordered axonal projections called to... | This study revisited the chemoaffinity theory for topographic mapping in terms of chemotaxis . According to this theory , the axonal growth cone projects to specific targets based on positional information encoded by chemical gradients in both source and target areas . However , the mechanism by which the chemotactic g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"topographic",
"maps",
"ocular",
"anatomy",
"brain",
"retinal",
"ganglion",
"cells",
"neuroscience",
"ganglion",
"cells",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"chemoattractant",
"axon",
"guidance",
"geography",
"developmental",... | 2017 | Revisiting chemoaffinity theory: Chemotactic implementation of topographic axonal projection |
Among primates , genome-wide analysis of recent positive selection is currently limited to the human species because it requires extensive sampling of genotypic data from many individuals . The extent to which genes positively selected in human also present adaptive changes in other primates therefore remains unknown .... | An advantageous mutation spreads from generation to generation in a population until individuals that carry it , because of their higher reproductive success , completely replace those that do not . This process , commonly known as positive Darwinian selection , requires the selected mutation to induce a new non-neutra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/human",
"evolution",
"computational... | 2010 | Human and Non-Human Primate Genomes Share Hotspots of Positive
Selection |
Brassica napus ( canola ) cultivars and isolates of the blackleg fungus , Leptosphaeria maculans interact in a ‘gene for gene’ manner whereby plant resistance ( R ) genes are complementary to pathogen avirulence ( Avr ) genes . Avirulence genes encode proteins that belong to a class of pathogen molecules known as effec... | The fungus Leptosphaeria maculans causes blackleg , the major disease of canola worldwide . Populations of this fungus rapidly adapt to selection pressures such as the extensive sowing of canola with particular disease resistance genes . This can lead to a breakdown of resistance and severe economic losses . We describ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant-biotic",
"interactions",
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Evolution of Linked Avirulence Effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans Is Affected by Genomic Environment and Exposure to Resistance Genes in Host Plants |
Several metastrongyloid lungworms are unreported pathogens in Colombia . Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis target the cardiopulmonary system of domestic and wild canids . Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior infect felids and considering that six wild felid species exist in Colombia , know... | Several lungworm species are neglected pathogens in Colombia . Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis target the cardiopulmonary system of domestic and wild canids . Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior infect domestic cats as well as wild felids . Angiostrongylus costaricensis and Angiostrongy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | The invasive giant African snail Lissachatina fulica as natural intermediate host of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Troglostrongylus brevior, and Crenosoma vulpis in Colombia |
The contribution of different host cell transport systems in the intercellular movement of turnip mosaic virus ( TuMV ) was investigated . To discriminate between primary infections and secondary infections associated with the virus intercellular movement , a gene cassette expressing GFP-HDEL was inserted adjacent to a... | Plant viruses move from the initially infected cell to neighboring cells during local movement and then over long distances through vascular tissue to establish a systemic infection in the plant . Virus intercellular transport requires viral and host factors to move viral RNA-protein complexes through plasmodesmata ( P... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Contribution of Host Intracellular Transport Machineries to Intercellular Movement of Turnip Mosaic Virus |
Exaggerated traits involved in species interactions have long captivated the imagination of evolutionary biologists and inspired the durable metaphor of the coevolutionary arms race . Despite decades of research , however , we have only a handful of examples where reciprocal coevolutionary change has been rigorously es... | Exaggerated traits involved in species interactions , such as extreme running speeds in predator and prey , have long captivated the imagination of evolutionary biologists and inspired the durable metaphor of the coevolutionary arms race . Despite decades of research , however , we have only a handful of examples where... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"insect",
"pests",
"plant",
"science",
"weevils",
"coevolution",
"pests",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"seeds",
"agriculture",
"pericarp",
"phenotypes",
"natural",
"selection",
"genetics",
"biology",
"a... | 2019 | Approximate Bayesian estimation of coevolutionary arms races |
The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is a leading infectious killer in immunocompromised patients . Calcineurin , a calmodulin ( CaM ) -dependent protein phosphatase comprised of calcineurin A ( CnaA ) and calcineurin B ( CnaB ) subunits , localizes at the hyphal tips and septa to direct A . fumigatus invasion and virulenc... | Invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients . Translating molecular understanding into tangible clinical benefit has been difficult due to the fact that fungal pathogens and their hosts have similar physiology . The calcineurin pathway is an important signaling cascade in all e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Phosphorylation of Calcineurin at a Novel Serine-Proline Rich Region Orchestrates Hyphal Growth and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus |
The Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor ( AhR ) is a transcription factor that mediates the biochemical response to xenobiotics and the toxic effects of a number of environmental contaminants , including dioxins . Recently , endogenous regulatory roles for the AhR in normal physiology and development have also been reported , th... | Computational modeling combined with experimental validation may give insight into structural and functional properties of protein systems . The basic Helix-Loop-Helix PER-ARNT-SIM ( bHLH-PAS ) proteins show conserved functional domains despite the broad range of functions exerted by the different systems . Within this... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"dimers",
"(chemical",
"physics)",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"electricity",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"mutation",
"electrostatics",
"protein",
"structure",
"thermodynamics",
"physical",
"chemistry",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"chemical",
"properties",
... | 2016 | Deciphering Dimerization Modes of PAS Domains: Computational and Experimental Analyses of the AhR:ARNT Complex Reveal New Insights Into the Mechanisms of AhR Transformation |
Replication of plus-strand RNA viruses depends on host factors that are recruited into viral replicase complexes . Previous studies showed that eukaryotic translation elongation factor ( eEF1A ) is one of the resident host proteins in the highly purified tombusvirus replicase complex . Using a random library of eEF1A m... | Plus-stranded RNA viruses are important pathogens of plants , animals and humans . They replicate in the infected cells by assembling viral replicase complexes consisting of viral- and host-coded proteins . In this paper , we show that the eukaryotic translation elongation factor ( eEF1A ) , which is one of the residen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation"
] | 2010 | Translation Elongation Factor 1A Facilitates the Assembly of the Tombusvirus Replicase and Stimulates Minus-Strand Synthesis |
Mechanisms behind how the immune system signals to the brain in response to systemic inflammation are not fully understood . Transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase specifically in the hematopoietic lineage in a Cre reporter background display recombination and marker gene expression in Purkinje neurons . Here we sh... | Peripheral infections leading to an inflammatory response can initiate signaling from the hematopoietic system to various organs including the brain . The traditional view of this communication between blood and brain is that individual factors are released by immune cells that in turn bind to neuronal or nonneuronal t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"biology",
"neurology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2014 | Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Transfer of Genetic Information between the Hematopoietic System and the Brain in Response to Inflammation |
Bartonellae are fastidious bacteria causing persistent bacteremia in humans and a wide variety of animals . In recent years there is an increasing interest in mammalian bartonelloses in general and in rodent bartonelloses in particular . To date , no studies investigating the presence of Bartonella spp . in rodents and... | Bartonella species are zoonotic vector-borne bacteria that typically parasitize the erythrocytes of mammalian hosts , resulting in long lasting infections . They are responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts . Rodents and a wide range of small mammals se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"epidemiology",
"veterinary",
"microbiology",
"epidemiology",
"public",
"health",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2013 | Prevalence and Diversity of Bartonella Species in Commensal Rodents and Ectoparasites from Nigeria, West Africa |
We evaluate the association between Trypanosoma cruzi infection and strongyloidiasis in a cohort of Latin American ( LA ) migrants screened for both infections in a non-endemic setting . Case-control study including LA individuals who were systematically screened for T . cruzi infection and strongyloidiasis between Jan... | Trypanosoma cruzi infection and strongyloidiasis are neglected tropical diseases , sharing a similar epidemiological burden in Latin America and producing life-long infections , leading to high morbidity and mortality . We conducted a case-control study in a non-endemic setting to evaluate a possible relationship betwe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"protozoans",
"rural",
"areas",
"neglect... | 2018 | High prevalence of S. Stercoralis infection among patients with Chagas disease: A retrospective case-control study |
Leprosy is the most common treatable peripheral nerve disorder worldwide with periods of acute neuritis leading to functional impairment of limbs , ulcer formation and stigmatizing deformities . Since the hallmarks of leprosy are nerve enlargement and inflammation , we used high-resolution sonography ( US ) and color D... | Mycobacterium leprae , which causes leprosy , infects peripheral nerves resulting in functional impairment , ulcer formation and stigmatizing deformities . Early diagnosis of nerve involvement is important to avoid nerve related complications . We used non-invasive , high-resolution sonography ( US ) and color Doppler ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2009 | High-Resolution Sonography: A New Technique to Detect Nerve Damage in Leprosy |
The sequential use of signaling pathways is essential for the guidance of pluripotent progenitors into diverse cell fates . Here , we show that Shp2 exclusively mediates FGF but not PDGF signaling in the neural crest to control lacrimal gland development . In addition to preventing p53-independent apoptosis and promoti... | The dry eye disease caused by lacrimal gland dysgenesis is one of the most common ocular ailments . In this study , we show that Shp2 mediates the sequential use of FGF signaling in lacrimal gland development . Our study identifies Alx4 as a novel target of Shp2 signaling and a causal gene for lacrimal gland aplasia in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"cell",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"de... | 2017 | Alx4 relays sequential FGF signaling to induce lacrimal gland morphogenesis |
Infection of bones and joints remains one of the most commonly described complications of brucellosis in humans and is predominantly reported in all ages and sexes in high-risk regions , such as the Middle East , Asia , South and Central America , and Africa . We aimed to systematically review the literature and perfor... | Brucellosis continues to be a global public health concern . It is caused by facultative , intracellular Brucella species . The most commonly described complication of brucellosis in humans is the infection of bones and joints , which is predominantly reported in all ages and sexes in high-risk regions , such as the Mi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"knee",
"joints",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"brucellosis",
"organisms",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and"... | 2019 | A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of osteoarticular brucellosis |
Infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi manifests in mammals as Chagas heart disease . The treatment available for chagasic cardiomyopathy is unsatisfactory . To study the disease pathology and its inhibition , we employed a syngeneic chicken model refractory to T . cruzi in which chickens hatched from T . cruzi... | Chagas heart disease , stemming from infection by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , which is endemic in South America , is now present on five continents . The treatment now available for the clinically manifested heart disease is considered unsatisfactory . We postulate that manifestations of Chagas-like hear... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunopathology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"genetics",
"immunochemistry",
"chagas",
"disease",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"heredity",
"genetics",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases... | 2014 | Inhibition of Autoimmune Chagas-Like Heart Disease by Bone Marrow Transplantation |
Palpalis-group tsetse , particularly the subspecies of Glossina palpalis and G . fuscipes , are the most important transmitters of human African trypanomiasis ( HAT ) , transmitting >95% of cases . Traps and insecticide-treated targets are used to control tsetse but more cost-effective baits might be developed through ... | While the numbers of cases of human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) is now less than 10 , 000 reported cases per year , progress against the tsetse species that spread the disease is poor , with ∼10 million square kilometres of sub-Saharan Africa still being infested . This widespread persistence of vectors and reservo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | How Do Tsetse Recognise Their Hosts? The Role of Shape in the Responses of Tsetse (Glossina fuscipes and G. palpalis) to Artificial Hosts |
Anopheles aquasalis is a major malaria vector in coastal areas of South and Central America where it breeds preferentially in brackish water . This species is very susceptible to Plasmodium vivax and it has been already incriminated as responsible vector in malaria outbreaks . There has been no high-throughput investig... | The mosquito Anopheles aquasalis is responsible for transmitting malaria parasites to humans in South America coastal areas . An . aquasalis females transmit Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum , the two major malaria etiological agents in these endemic sites . Although the vectorial importance of this mosquito ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"functional",
"genomics",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"genome",
"analysis",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"epidemiology",
"disease",
"vectors",
"insects",
"arthropoda",
"mosq... | 2014 | Transcriptome Sequencing and Developmental Regulation of Gene Expression in Anopheles aquasalis |
In many animal species the meiosis I spindle in oocytes is anastral and lacks centrosomes . Previous studies of Drosophila oocytes failed to detect the native form of the germline-specific γ-tubulin ( γTub37C ) in meiosis I spindles , and genetic studies have yielded conflicting data regarding the role of γTub37C in th... | Proper chromosome segregation during cell division is essential . Missegregation of mitotic chromosomes leads to cell death or cancer , and chromosome missegregation during meiosis leads to miscarriage and birth defects . Cells utilize a bipolar microtubule-based structure known as the meiotic or mitotic spindle to seg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"centromeres",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Gamma-Tubulin Is Required for Bipolar Spindle Assembly and for Proper Kinetochore Microtubule Attachments during Prometaphase I in Drosophila Oocytes |
As a para-retrovirus , hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) is an enveloped virus with a double-stranded ( DS ) DNA genome that is replicated by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate , the pregenomic RNA or pgRNA . HBV assembly begins with the formation of an “immature” nucleocapsid ( NC ) incorporating pgRNA , which is co... | Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) , an important global human pathogen and the main cause of liver cancer worldwide , is classified as a para-retrovirus , as it replicates by reverse transcription , i . e . , copying of RNA to DNA , like retroviruses . However , different from retroviruses that are RNA viruses replicating via ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Secretion of Genome-Free Hepatitis B Virus – Single Strand Blocking Model for Virion Morphogenesis of Para-retrovirus |
Despite being phylogenetically very close to Anopheles gambiae , the major mosquito vector of human malaria in Africa , Anopheles quadriannulatus is thought to be a non-vector . Understanding the difference between vector and non-vector mosquitoes can facilitate development of novel malaria control strategies . We demo... | Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that threatens almost half of the human population and kills 1 to 3 million people every year . In sub-Saharan Africa , where the vast majority of deaths occur , the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit malaria varies greatly even between closely related species . We compare... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections... | 2008 | Transmission Blocking Immunity in the Malaria Non-Vector Mosquito Anopheles quadriannulatus Species A |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with a spectrum of clinical outcomes , from long-term latent infection to different manifestations of progressive disease . Pro-inflammatory pathways , such as those controlled by IL-1β , have the contrasting potential both to prevent disease by restricting bacterial r... | IL-1β is important for the initial establishment of antimicrobial adaptive immunity , but prolonged IL-1β expression can also cause progressive immunopathology during M . tuberculosis infection . The paradoxical activities of IL-1β in promoting both antimycobacterial immunity and chronic tissue damage have left the ult... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"tuberculosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Allele-Specific Induction of IL-1β Expression by C/EBPβ and PU.1 Contributes to Increased Tuberculosis Susceptibility |
Beta-lactamases represent the main bacterial mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and are a significant challenge to modern medicine . We have developed an automated classification and analysis protocol that exploits structure- and sequence-based approaches and which allows us to propose a grouping of ser... | Beta-lactamases are bacterial proteins largely responsible for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and so pose a significant challenge to modern medicine . Whilst there are many studies cataloguing beta-lactamases , antibiotic screening has not always been consistent or comprehensive , causing confusion in the classi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"serine",
"a... | 2016 | Novel Computational Protocols for Functionally Classifying and Characterising Serine Beta-Lactamases |
Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide promotes chronic gastric colonisation through O-antigen host mimicry and resistance to mucosal antimicrobial peptides mediated primarily by modifications of the lipid A . The structural organisation of the core and O-antigen domains of H . pylori lipopolysaccharide remains unclear... | The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori chronically infects the human stomach and causes ulcers and gastric cancer . The H . pylori lipopolysaccharide harbors unique properties that promote persistent infection through immune evasion . Despite the key role of H . pylori lipopolysaccharide in the bacterium’s pathogen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"endotoxins",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"he... | 2017 | The redefinition of Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide O-antigen and core-oligosaccharide domains |
Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α ) blockers are recognized as a risk factor for reactivation of granulomatous infections . Leishmaniasis has been associated with the use of these drugs , although few cases have been reported . We performed a retrospective observational study including patients with confirmed leishma... | Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α ) blockers are widely used in numerous inflammatory diseases such rheumatoid arthritis , psoriasis or inflammatory bowel diseases . They have been recognized as a risk factor for reactivation of granulomatous infections . Although few cases have been reported , Leishmaniasis has been... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"rheumatology",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"biopsy",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"pro... | 2019 | Leishmaniasis and tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists in the Mediterranean basin. A switch in clinical expression |
Polymorphisms identified in genome-wide association studies of human traits rarely explain more than a small proportion of the heritable variation , and improving this situation within the current paradigm appears daunting . Given a well-validated dynamic model of a complex physiological trait , a substantial part of t... | Despite an ever-increasing number of genome locations reported to be associated with complex human diseases or quantitative traits , only a small proportion of phenotypic variations in a typical quantitative trait can be explained by the discovered variants . We argue that this problem can partly be resolved by combini... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Parameters in Dynamic Models of Complex Traits are Containers of Missing Heritability |
In motor tasks , errors between planned and actual movements generally result in adaptive changes which reduce the occurrence of similar errors in the future . It has commonly been assumed that the motor adaptation arising from an error occurring on a particular movement is specifically associated with the motion that ... | Einstein once said: “Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results” . However , task repetition is generally the default procedure for training a motor skill . This can work because motor learning ensures that repetition of the same motor task will lead to actions that are differe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"motor",
"systems",
"medicine",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"physiotherapy",
"and",
"rehabilitation"
] | 2011 | The Binding of Learning to Action in Motor Adaptation |
Comprehensive , longitudinal field studies that monitor both disease and vector populations for dengue viruses are urgently needed as a pre-requisite for developing locally adaptable prevention programs or to appropriately test and license new vaccines . We report the results from such a study spanning 5 years in the A... | To develop prevention ( including vaccines ) and control programs for dengue fever , a significant mosquito-borne disease in the tropics , there is an urgent need for comprehensive long term field epidemiological studies . We report results from a study that monitored ∼2 , 400 school children and some adult family memb... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/glob... | 2010 | Epidemiology of Dengue Virus in Iquitos, Peru 1999 to 2005: Interepidemic and Epidemic Patterns of Transmission |
Human α-Synuclein ( αSyn ) is a natively unfolded protein whose aggregation into amyloid fibrils is involved in the pathology of Parkinson disease . A full comprehension of the structure and dynamics of early intermediates leading to the aggregated states is an unsolved problem of essential importance to researchers at... | Natively unstructured proteins defy the classical “one sequence–one structure” paradigm of protein science . In pathological conditions , monomers of these proteins can aggregate in the cell , a process that underlies neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson . A key step in the aggregation process—the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"biophysics"
] | 2008 | Conformational Equilibria in Monomeric α-Synuclein at the Single-Molecule Level |
The ability to switch between yeast and filamentous forms is central to Candida albicans biology . The yeast-hyphal transition is implicated in adherence , tissue invasion , biofilm formation , phagocyte escape , and pathogenesis . A second form of morphological plasticity in C . albicans involves epigenetic switching ... | Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen , capable of growing as a commensal organism or as an opportunistic pathogen . Perhaps the best-studied aspect of C . albicans biology is the transition between the single-celled yeast form and the multicellular filamentous form . This transition is necessary fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"fungal",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"and",
"... | 2013 | Candida albicans White and Opaque Cells Undergo Distinct Programs of Filamentous Growth |
For the most part metazoan genomes are highly methylated and harbor only small regions with low or absent methylation . In contrast , partially methylated domains ( PMDs ) , recently discovered in a variety of cell lines and tissues , do not fit this paradigm as they show partial methylation for large portions ( 20%–40... | Methylation is an essential DNA modification , which is attracting a lot of attention as a regulator of gene expression . Recent technological advances have allowed the genome-wide measurement of methylation at single-nucleotide resolution , leading to the discovery of several new types of methylation patterns . One pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequence",
"analysis",
"genome",
"complexity",
"genomics",
"dna",
"modification",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"epigenomics",
"computational",
"biology",
"chromatin"
] | 2014 | DNA Sequence Explains Seemingly Disordered Methylation Levels in Partially Methylated Domains of Mammalian Genomes |
An inherited polyneuropathy ( PN ) observed in Leonberger dogs has clinical similarities to a genetically heterogeneous group of peripheral neuropathies termed Charcot-Marie-Tooth ( CMT ) disease in humans . The Leonberger disorder is a severe , juvenile-onset , chronic , progressive , and mixed PN , characterized by e... | Leonberger dogs are a breed originally produced by crossing large-bodied dogs , including Saint Bernards and Newfoundlands . A peripheral neuropathy has been described in Leonbergers that is similar to a group of inherited polyneuropathies known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in humans . We collected a cohort of well-c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"molecular",
"biology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2014 | An ARHGEF10 Deletion Is Highly Associated with a Juvenile-Onset Inherited Polyneuropathy in Leonberger and Saint Bernard Dogs |
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths annually . As with most cancers , it is a heterogeneous disease and different breast cancer subtypes are treated differently . Understanding the difference in prognosis for breast cancer based on its molecular an... | We developed an extensible software framework for sharing molecular prognostic models of breast cancer survival in a transparent collaborative environment and subjecting each model to automated evaluation using objective metrics . The computational framework presented in this study , our detailed post-hoc analysis of h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"detection",
"and",
"diagnosis",
"medicine",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"breast",
"tumors",
"statistics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"computational",
"biology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"algori... | 2013 | Improving Breast Cancer Survival Analysis through Competition-Based Multidimensional Modeling |
The production of anticompetitor toxins is widespread among bacteria . Because production of such toxins is costly , it is typically regulated . In particular , many toxins are produced only when the local cell density is high . It is unclear which selection pressures shaped the evolution of density-dependent regulatio... | Bacteria live in microbial communities , in which they compete with many other microbes for nutrients and space . In this competitive environment , almost all known bacterial strains produce toxins that impair or kill other bacteria . This chemical warfare is thought to be one of the major factors shaping microbial div... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"blood",
"cells",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"population",
"dynamics",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"social",
"scie... | 2019 | Toxin production spontaneously becomes regulated by local cell density in evolving bacterial populations |
Inherited ataxias are characterized by degeneration of the cerebellar structures , which results in progressive motor incoordination . Hereditary ataxias occur in many species , including humans and dogs . Several mutations have been found in humans , but the genetic background has remained elusive in dogs . The Finnis... | Hereditary ataxias are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by progressive cerebellar neurodegeneration . Several causative mutations have been identified in various forms of human ataxias . In addition to humans , inherited ataxias have been described in several other species , including the domestic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"animal",
"genetics",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | A SEL1L Mutation Links a Canine Progressive Early-Onset Cerebellar Ataxia to the Endoplasmic Reticulum–Associated Protein Degradation (ERAD) Machinery |
New drugs are needed to treat visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) because the current therapies are toxic , expensive , and parasite resistance may weaken drug efficacy . We established a novel ex vivo splenic explant culture system from hamsters infected with luciferase-transfected Leishmania donovani to screen chemical com... | Visceral leishmaniasis is a life threatening parasitic disease present in several countries of the world . New drugs are needed to treat this disease because treatments are becoming increasingly ineffective . We established a novel system to screen for new anti-leishmanial compounds that utilizes spleen cells from hams... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/antimicrobials",
"and",
"drug",
"resistance"
] | 2011 | Identification of Small Molecule Lead Compounds for Visceral Leishmaniasis Using a Novel Ex Vivo Splenic Explant Model System |
The ability to build in-depth cell signaling networks from vast experimental data is a key objective of computational biology . The spleen tyrosine kinase ( Syk ) protein , a well-characterized key player in immune cell signaling , was surprisingly first shown by our group to exhibit an onco-suppressive function in mam... | The complex nature of cancer hampers traditional biological approaches to unravel its molecular mechanisms and develop targeted drug therapies . Cancer affects a number of “hallmark” cellular processes controlled by multiple signaling pathways . Our goal is to identify the pathways that negatively affect tumor developm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"enzymology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"signaling",
"networks",
"mathematical",
"models",
... | 2017 | Reconstruction and signal propagation analysis of the Syk signaling network in breast cancer cells |
Current state-of-the-art mathematical models to investigate complex biological processes , in particular liver-associated pathologies , have limited expansiveness , flexibility , representation of integrated regulation and rely on the availability of detailed kinetic data . We generated the SteatoNet , a multi-pathway ... | In this article we present SteatoNet , the most comprehensive computational network of hepatic metabolism and the interaction of the liver with extra-hepatic tissues . Generation of the SteatoNet involved the application of engineering strategies to resolve prevalent drawbacks in biological modelling and thus effective... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"metabolic",
"processes",
"integrative",
"physiology",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"signaling",
"networks",
"liver",
"diseases",
"metabolites",
"network",
"analysis",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology"... | 2014 | SteatoNet: The First Integrated Human Metabolic Model with Multi-layered Regulation to Investigate Liver-Associated Pathologies |
Close to 800 million people in the world are at risk of schistosomiasis , 85 per cent of whom live in Africa . Recent studies have indicated that female genital schistosomiasis might increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection . The aim of this study is to quantify and analyse the characteristic... | Schistosomiasis is a fresh water parasite infection that affects millions of people , especially in Africa . Recent knowledge about the genital manifestations of schistosomiasis; especially its possible association with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection , has led to increased focus on this neglected tropic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"reproductive",
"system",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"gynecologic",
"infections",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"parasite",
"physiology",
"cardiovascular",
"histology",
"women's",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"... | 2011 | Increased Vascularity in Cervicovaginal Mucosa with Schistosoma haematobium Infection |
Parkinson´s disease ( PD ) is characterized by the presence of proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bodies that are mainly composed of α-synuclein ( αSyn ) . Elevated levels of oxidative or nitrative stresses have been implicated in αSyn related toxicity . Phosphorylation of αSyn on serine 129 ( S129 ) modulates autoph... | Parkinson’s disease is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in midbrain and the presence of αSyn protein inclusions . Human αSyn mimics the disease pathology in yeast resulting in cytotoxicity and aggregate formation . αSyn is abundantly phosphorylated at serine S129 and possesses four tyrosines ( Y39 , Y125 ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"dimers",
"(chemical",
"physics)",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"organic",
"compounds",
"toxicology",
"toxicity",
"fungi",
"tyrosine",
"amino",
"acids",
"mitochondria",
... | 2016 | C-Terminal Tyrosine Residue Modifications Modulate the Protective Phosphorylation of Serine 129 of α-Synuclein in a Yeast Model of Parkinson's Disease |
Aurora B kinase ( AURKB ) is the catalytic subunit of the chromosomal passenger complex ( CPC ) , an essential regulator of chromosome segregation . In mitosis , the CPC is required to regulate kinetochore microtubule ( K-MT ) attachments , the spindle assembly checkpoint , and cytokinesis . Germ cells express an AURKB... | Precise control of chromosome segregation is essential for generating cells with the proper number of chromosomes . In germ cells , sperm and egg , an abnormal chromosome number leads to infertility , miscarriage , or , in the case of a live birth , developmental disorders such as Down Syndrome . For reasons not entire... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"signal",
"transduction",
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"division",
"developmental",
"signaling",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"mouse",
"signaling",
"in",
"selected",
"disciplines",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2014 | Selective Disruption of Aurora C Kinase Reveals Distinct Functions from Aurora B Kinase during Meiosis in Mouse Oocytes |
A remarkable characteristic of the human major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) is its extreme genetic diversity , which is maintained by balancing selection . In fact , the MHC complex remains one of the best-known examples of natural selection in humans , with well-established genetic signatures and biological mech... | It has long been known that the extremely high levels of genetic diversity present in the major histocompatibility locus ( MHC ) are due to balancing selection , a type of natural selection that maintains advantageous genetic diversity in populations . The MHC encodes for molecules required for a type of antigen presen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"evolutionary",
"biology/human",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology/rna",
"splicing",
"immunology/autoimmunity",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bio... | 2010 | Balancing Selection Maintains a Form of ERAP2 that Undergoes Nonsense-Mediated Decay and Affects Antigen Presentation |
The onset of protective immunity against pathogenic SIV challenge in SIVΔnef-vaccinated macaques is delayed for 15-20 weeks , a process that is related to qualitative changes in CD8+ T cell responses induced by SIVΔnef . As a novel approach to characterize cell differentiation following vaccination , we used multi-targ... | The live attenuated vaccine SIVΔnef can induce robust CD8+ T cell- mediated protection against infection with pathogenic SIV in macaques . Thus , there is substantial interest in characterizing these immune responses to inform HIV vaccine design . Animals challenged at 15–20 weeks post vaccination exhibit robust protec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Characterization of CD8+ T Cell Differentiation following SIVΔnef Vaccination by Transcription Factor Expression Profiling |
A comprehensive systems-level understanding of developmental programs requires the mapping of the underlying gene regulatory networks . While significant progress has been made in mapping a few such networks , almost all gene regulatory networks underlying cell-fate specification remain unknown and their discovery is s... | Tens of thousands of regulatory elements determine the spatiotemporal expression pattern of protein-coding genes in the metazoan genome . Each regulatory element , when bound by the appropriate transcription factors , can affect the temporal transcription of a nearby target gene in a particular cell type . Annotating t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"computational",
"biology/sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"developme... | 2010 | Robust Target Gene Discovery through Transcriptome Perturbations and Genome-Wide Enhancer Predictions in Drosophila Uncovers a Regulatory Basis for Sensory Specification |
Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogen that causes both severe necrotizing wound infections and life-threatening food-borne infections . Food-borne infection is particularly lethal as the infection can progress rapidly to primary septicemia resulting in death from septic shock and multiorgan failure . In this study , we use b... | Vibrio vulnificus causes disease both by infection of wounds from seawater and by consumption of contaminated foods , especially oysters . Wound infection results in necrotizing fasciitis and edema in extremities with mortality of ∼25% as the incidence of septicemia is low . Contaminated food consumption by contrast ca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Additive Function of Vibrio vulnificus MARTXVv and VvhA Cytolysins Promotes Rapid Growth and Epithelial Tissue Necrosis During Intestinal Infection |
The main objective of this study was to identify , describe , classify and analyze the scientific health economic evidence of VL-related technologies . A web search of combinations of free text and Mesh terms related to the economic evaluation of visceral leishmaniasis was conducted on scientific publication databases ... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , also known as kala azar , is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania . VL is related to poverty and its consequences , which leads to its status of neglected disease . For that reason , cost-effective forms of diagnoses and treatment are very imp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Health Economic Evaluations of Visceral Leishmaniasis Treatments: A Systematic Review |
Although positive incentives for cooperators and/or negative incentives for free-riders in social dilemmas play an important role in maintaining cooperation , there is still the outstanding issue of who should pay the cost of incentives . The second-order free-rider problem , in which players who do not provide the inc... | Although social dilemmas can be resolved if punishing non-cooperators or rewarding cooperators works , such rewards and punishments , i . e . , external incentives , entail certain expenses . As a result , a cooperative player who shirks his or her duty to provide an incentive to other players will emerge , and he or s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Effect of Incentives and Meta-incentives on the Evolution of Cooperation |
Using molecular dynamics simulations , we show that the prion protein ( PrP ) exhibits a dual behavior , with two possible transition routes , upon protonation of H187 around pH 4 . 5 , which mimics specific conditions encountered in endosomes . Our results suggest a picture in which the protonated imidazole ring of H1... | Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies , which include the “mad cow” disease and the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease , are related to the abnormal folding of a host protein termed the prion protein ( PrP ) . Many aspects of the underlying molecular mechanism still remain elusive . Among the hypotheses that have been put f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Two Misfolding Routes for the Prion Protein around pH 4.5 |
LeuT-like fold Na-dependent secondary active transporters form a large family of integral membrane proteins that transport various substrates against their concentration gradient across lipid membranes , using the free energy stored in the downhill concentration gradient of sodium ions . These transporters play an acti... | This study provides direct insights of how ion-dependent secondary transporters couples ion gradients to transport of a substrate . We conclude that the apo-form of a protein samples multiple conformational states separated by only small barriers . Binding of a single ion is sufficient to shift this conformational equi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussions",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Molecular Mechanism of Ion-Dependent Gating in Secondary Transporters |
Phenotypic plasticity is a vital strategy for plants to deal with changing conditions by inducing phenotypes favourable in different environments . Understanding how natural selection acts on variation in phenotypic plasticity in plants is therefore a central question in ecology , but is often ignored in modelling stud... | Plants are able to respond to changes in the environment . Particularly , plants can show different structural traits ( e . g . stem height and leaf size ) in different planting densities . These trait changes are the result of so-called plastic responses that can be induced by changes in the light spectrum . Although ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"brassica",
"light",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"physiological",
"processes",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"mathematics",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"popul... | 2019 | Variation in plastic responses to light results from selection in different competitive environments—A game theoretical approach using virtual plants |
Axonal degeneration is a hallmark of many neuropathies , neurodegenerative diseases , and injuries . Here , using a Drosophila injury model , we have identified a highly conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase , Highwire ( Hiw ) , as an important regulator of axonal and synaptic degeneration . Mutations in hiw strongly inhibit W... | Axons degenerate after injury and during neurodegenerative diseases , but we are still searching for the cellular mechanism responsible for this degeneration . Here , using a nerve crush injury assay in the fruit fly Drosophila , we have identified a role for a conserved molecule named Highwire ( Hiw ) in the initiatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"synaptic",
"plasticity",
"neuromuscular",
"junction",
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"neuronal",
"morphology",
"axon",
"guidance",
"signaling",
"pathways",
"b... | 2012 | The Highwire Ubiquitin Ligase Promotes Axonal Degeneration by Tuning Levels of Nmnat Protein |
In almost every field in genomics , large-scale biomedical datasets are used to report associations . Extracting associations that recur across multiple studies while controlling the false discovery rate is a fundamental challenge . Here , we propose a new method to allow joint analysis of multiple studies . Given a se... | When analyzing results from multiple studies , extracting replicated associations is the first step towards making new discoveries . The standard approach for this task is to use meta-analysis methods , which usually make an underlying null hypothesis that a gene has no effect in all studies . On the other hand , in re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"networks",
"protein",
"interactions",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"immunology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"network"... | 2017 | Extracting replicable associations across multiple studies: Empirical Bayes algorithms for controlling the false discovery rate |
4 one-step , real-time , reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification ( RT-LAMP ) assays were developed for the detection of dengue virus ( DENV ) serotypes by considering 2 , 056 full genome DENV sequences . DENV1 and DENV2 RT-LAMP assays were validated with 31 blood and 11 serum samples from Tanzania ... | The co-existence of several dengue virus ( DENV ) serotypes within the same location and/or individuals as well as a single mosquito being able to carry multiple DENV serotypes highlight the necessity of specific diagnostic tools capable of detect and serotype DENV strains circulating worldwide . In addition , these me... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"viruses",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"mathematics",
"rna",
"viruses",
"statistics",
... | 2018 | Development and validation of four one-step real-time RT-LAMP assays for specific detection of each dengue virus serotype |
Although the Zika virus ( ZIKV ) epidemic ceased to be a public health emergency by the end of 2016 , studies to improve knowledge about this emerging disease are still needed , especially those investigating a causal relationship between ZIKV in pregnant women and microcephaly in neonates . However , there are still m... | The increasing evidence of a relationship between ZIKV in pregnant women and fetal congenital ZIKV syndrome with microcephaly has been reported in the literature over the last two years . Our findings suggest a spatial dependency between the diseases . Therefore , using the spatial pattern of ZIKV incidence to better u... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microcephaly",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"tropical",
"dise... | 2018 | Zika virus infection and microcephaly: Evidence regarding geospatial associations |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have successfully identified loci associated with quantitative traits , such as blood lipids . Deep resequencing studies are being utilized to catalogue the allelic spectrum at GWAS loci . The goal of these studies is to identify causative variants and missing heritability , inc... | Genetic association studies have identified genomic regions that affect quantifiable traits such as lipid levels . When a gene and a trait are found to be associated with one another , the gene is often further studied to determine its role in affecting the trait . One approach is to sequence the gene in individuals at... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Mining the LIPG Allelic Spectrum Reveals the Contribution of Rare and Common Regulatory Variants to HDL Cholesterol |
As sessile organisms , plants have to cope with diverse environmental constraints that may vary through time and space , eventually leading to changes in the phenotype of populations through fixation of adaptive genetic variation . To fully comprehend the mechanisms of evolution and make sense of the extensive genotypi... | Plants are studied for their ability to adapt to their environment and especially to the physical constraints to which they are subjected . It is expected that they evolve in promoting genetic variants favorable under their native conditions , which could lead to negative consequences in other conditions . One approach... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"natural",
"selection",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Allelic Heterogeneity and Trade-Off Shape Natural Variation for Response to Soil Micronutrient |
There has been an explosion of research on host-associated microbial communities ( i . e . , microbiomes ) . Much of this research has focused on surveys of microbial diversities across a variety of host species , including humans , with a view to understanding how these microbiomes are distributed across space and tim... | Microbial communities associated with animals and plants ( i . e . , microbiomes ) are implicated in the day-to-day functioning of their hosts . However , we do not yet know how these host-microbiome associations evolve . In this paper , we develop a computational framework for modelling the evolution of microbiomes . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Neutral Models of Microbiome Evolution |
Cortical topography can be remapped as a consequence of sensory deprivation , suggesting that cortical circuits are continually modified by experience . To see the effect of altered sensory experience on specific components of cortical circuits , we imaged neurons , labeled with a genetically modified adeno-associated ... | The adult brain is capable of learning new tasks and being shaped by new experiences . Evidence for experience-dependent plasticity of the adult cerebral cortex is seen in the functional rearrangement of cortical maps of sensory input and in the formation of new connections following alteration of sensory experience . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"neurological",
"disorders/neurorehabilitation",
"and",
"trauma",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems"
] | 2010 | Axonal Dynamics of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in Somatosensory Cortex |
Chagas disease affects millions of people in Latin America . The control of this vector-borne disease focuses on halting transmission by reducing or eliminating insect vector populations . Most transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agent of Chagas disease , involves insects living within or very close to ho... | Chagas disease is transmitted by triatomine bugs that actively disperse by walking and flying . The control of this vector-borne disease focuses on reducing or eliminating the insect vector populations . Most transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agent of Chagas disease , involves insects living within or v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"entomology",
"epidemiology",
"vector",
"biology",
"arthropod",
"vectors",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"insect",
"vectors",
"zoology",
"disease",
"vectors",
"behavioral",
"ecology"
] | 2015 | Host-Seeking Behavior and Dispersal of Triatoma infestans, a Vector of Chagas Disease, under Semi-field Conditions |
In most species , and particularly in vertebrates , the percentage of genes absolutely required for survival , the essential genes , has not been estimated . To obtain this estimation , we used the mouse as an experimental model to carry out high-efficiency N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea ( ENU ) mutagenesis screens in two balan... | The genome sequences of many organisms are now complete . However , speculation remains regarding the function of many newly discovered genes . There is also debate about the percentage of genes that are required to build an organism . These genes , which are necessary for the development of the organism , are essentia... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Regional Variation in the Density of Essential Genes in Mice |
Alu elements are trans-mobilized by the autonomous non-LTR retroelement , LINE-1 ( L1 ) . Alu-induced insertion mutagenesis contributes to about 0 . 1% human genetic disease and is responsible for the majority of the documented instances of human retroelement insertion-induced disease . Here we introduce a SINE recover... | SINEs are mobile elements that are found ubiquitously throughout a large diversity of genomes from plants to mammals . The human SINE , Alu , is among the most successful mobile elements , with more than one million copies in the genome . Due to its high activity and ability to insert throughout the genome , Alu retrot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"transposons",
"retrotransposons",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Rescuing Alu: Recovery of New Inserts Shows LINE-1 Preserves Alu Activity through A-Tail Expansion |
The complex connectivity of the cerebral cortex suggests that inter-regional communication is a primary function . Using computational modeling , we show that anatomical connectivity may be a major determinant for global information flow in brain networks . A macaque brain network was implemented as a communication net... | A fundamental question in systems neuroscience is how the structural connectivity of the cerebral cortex shapes global communication . Here , using computational modeling in conjunction with an anatomically realistic structural network , we show that cortico-cortical communication is constrained by high-level features ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"connectomics",
"neuroanatomy",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2014 | Communication Efficiency and Congestion of Signal Traffic in Large-Scale Brain Networks |
Sphingosine 1-phosphate ( S1P ) is a lysophospholipid mediator which activates G protein–coupled sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors and thus evokes a variety of cell and tissue responses including lymphocyte trafficking , endothelial development , integrity , and maturation . We performed five all-atom 700 ns molecular ... | The activation of G-protein-coupled receptors ( GPCRs ) depends on small differences in agonist and antagonist structures resulting in specific forces they impose on the helical bundle of the receptor . Having the crystal structures of GPCRs in different stages of activation it is possible to investigate the successive... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Lipid Receptor S1P1 Activation Scheme Concluded from Microsecond All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
Quantitatively predicting changes in drug sensitivity associated with residue mutations is a major challenge in structural biology . By expanding the limits of free energy calculations , we successfully identified mutations in influenza neuraminidase ( NA ) that confer drug resistance to two antiviral drugs , zanamivir... | The capacity of the influenza virus to rapidly mutate and render resistance to a handful of FDA approved neuraminidase ( NA ) inhibitors represents a significant human health concern . To gain an atomic-level understanding of the mechanisms behind drug resistance , we applied a novel computational approach to character... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Quantitative Predictions of Binding Free Energy Changes in Drug-Resistant Influenza Neuraminidase |
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