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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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The differentiation of both gene expression and protein function is thought to be important as a mechanism of the functionalization of duplicate genes . However , it has not been addressed whether expression or protein divergence of duplicate genes is greater in those genes that have undergone functionalization compare... | The relationship between morphological and molecular evolution is a central issue to the understanding of eukaryote evolution . In particular , there is much interest in how duplicate genes have contributed to morphological diversification during evolution . As a mechanism of functionalization of duplicate genes , diff... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Increased Expression and Protein Divergence in Duplicate Genes Is Associated with Morphological Diversification |
Yaws is a non-venereal treponemal infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue . The disease is targeted by WHO for eradication by 2020 . Rapid diagnostic tests ( RDTs ) are envisaged for confirmation of clinical cases during treatment campaigns and for certification of the interruption of transmission . ... | Yaws is a non-venereal treponemal infection . The disease is targeted by WHO for eradication by 2020 . Testing is envisaged for diagnosis to confirm of clinical cases during treatment campaigns and for surveillance to certify the interruption of transmission . However resources available to the global eradication progr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"solomon",
"islands",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"economic",
"analysis",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"vanuatu",
"treponematoses",
... | 2017 | The cost and cost-effectiveness of rapid testing strategies for yaws diagnosis and surveillance |
Soil Transmitted Helminth ( STH ) infections negatively impact physical and mental development in human populations . Current WHO guidelines recommend morbidity control of these infections through mass drug administration ( MDA ) using albendazole ( ABZ ) or mebendazole . Despite major reductions in STH associated morb... | The soil-transmitted-helminths ( STH ) infections are produced by four species of parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura , and hookworm ( Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale ) . These parasites are transmitted by eggs present in human faeces , which contaminate the environment in areas where san... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"liquid",
"chromatography",
"urine",
"ultraviolet",
"spectroscopy",
"metabolites",
"pharmaceutics",
"drug",
"administration",
"sulfoxides",
"pharmacology",
"high",
"performance",
"liquid",
... | 2018 | Assessment of serum pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of albendazole and its metabolites in human volunteers |
The pqs quorum sensing ( QS ) system is crucial for Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence both in vitro and in animal models of infection and is considered an ideal target for the development of anti-virulence agents . However , the precise role played by each individual component of this complex QS circuit in the control o... | Many bacterial pathogens control virulence gene expression and the development of antibiotic-resistant biofilms via intercellular communication through ‘quorum sensing’ ( QS ) . QS systems depend on the synthesis , secretion and perception of diffusible signalling molecules that enable bacteria to synchronize their beh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"regulator",
"genes",
"genome",
"analysis",
"gene",
"types",
"bacteria",
"bacte... | 2016 | Unravelling the Genome-Wide Contributions of Specific 2-Alkyl-4-Quinolones and PqsE to Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Understanding the mechanisms that influence the population dynamics and spatial genetic structure of the vectors of pathogens infecting humans is a central issue in tropical epidemiology . In view of the rapid changes in the features of landscape pathogen vectors live in , this issue requires new methods that consider ... | Worldwide , humans are modifying landscapes at an unprecedented rate . These modifications have an influence on the ecology of pathogen vectors , yet this issue has received relatively little input from modeling research . The current study presents guidelines for the use of a modeling framework for the representation ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Simulating Population Genetics of Pathogen Vectors in Changing Landscapes: Guidelines and Application with Triatoma brasiliensis |
Infection with Leishmania results in a broad spectrum of pathologies where L . infantum and L . donovani cause fatal visceral leishmaniasis and L . major causes destructive cutaneous lesions . The identification and characterization of Leishmania virulence genes may define the genetic basis for these different patholog... | Parasites of the genus Leishmania cause a variety of human diseases that range from destructive skin lesions caused by L . major to visceral infections of the liver and spleen caused by L . donovani that result in death . The Leishmania genes responsible for these different pathologies are not known . In the present st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | A Genomic-Based Approach Combining In Vivo Selection in Mice to Identify a Novel Virulence Gene in Leishmania |
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) have been found to regulate gene expression across eukaryotic species , but the function of most miRNA genes remains unknown . Here we describe how the analysis of the expression patterns of a well-conserved miRNA gene , mir-57 , at cellular resolution for every minute during early development of C... | miRNAs are small RNAs found in many multi-cellular species that inhibit gene expression . Many of them play important roles in cancer and cell fate determination , but the function of most miRNAs is uncertain . Using live cell imaging and automated expression analysis , we found a miRNA gene , mir-57 , is expressed in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/embryology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"developmental",
"biol... | 2010 | A Negative Regulatory Loop between MicroRNA and Hox Gene Controls Posterior Identities in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Compelling evidence suggests that the transcription factor Foxp3 acts as a master switch governing the development and function of CD4+ regulatory T cells ( Tregs ) . However , whether transcriptional control of Foxp3 expression itself contributes to the development of a stable Treg lineage has thus far not been invest... | Regulatory T cells play a pivotal role in the maintenance of self-tolerance within the immune system by preventing autoimmunity or excessive activation of the T cells that respond to pathogens ( naïve and effector T cells ) . They differentiate within the thymus , but can also be de novo induced in the rest of the body... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"in",
"vitro",
"immunology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"homo",
"(human)"
] | 2007 | Epigenetic Control of the foxp3 Locus in Regulatory T Cells |
Physical activity ( PA ) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity . To identify adiposity loci whose effects are modified by PA , we performed genome-wide interaction meta-analyses of BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference and waist-hip ratio from up to 200 , 452 adults of European (... | Decline in daily physical activity is thought to be a key contributor to the global obesity epidemic . However , the impact of sedentariness on adiposity may be in part determined by a person’s genetic constitution . The specific genetic variants that are sensitive to physical activity and regulate adiposity remain lar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"functional",
"genomics",
"physical",
"activity",
"mathematics",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome",
"analysis",
"obesity",
"epigenomics",... | 2017 | Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity ― A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults |
Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) capsids are found in many forms: immature single-stranded RNA-filled cores , single-stranded DNA-filled replication intermediates , mature cores with relaxed circular double-stranded DNA , and empty capsids . A capsid , the protein shell of the core , is a complex of 240 copies of core protein... | Viruses take advantage of host proteins . During infection , DNA-filled Hepatitis B Virus ( HBV ) cores are ferried to the nucleus by a complex of importin α and importin β; importinβ alone does not bind mature cores . However , a surprisingly large amount of the HBV core protein accumulates in nuclei . Here we show th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protein",
"interactions",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"hepatitis",
"b",
"virus",
"electron",
"cryo-microscopy",
"viru... | 2016 | Importin β Can Bind Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein and Empty Core-Like Particles and Induce Structural Changes |
Whipworms ( Trichuris sp . ) are a globally distributed genus of parasitic helminths that infect a diversity of mammalian hosts . Molecular methods have successfully resolved porcine whipworm , Trichuris suis , from primate whipworm , T . trichiura . However , it remains unclear whether T . trichiura is a multi-host pa... | Whipworms are a group of gastrointestinal worms that are both common and globally distributed . These parasites are known to stunt development , especially in school-aged children , and therefore hinder economic , social , and intellectual growth . Unfortunately , research on whipworms has lagged behind its effects , a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"trichuris",
"parasitology",
"nematoda",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"intestinal",
"parasites",
"animals",
"organisms"
] | 2014 | Hidden Population Structure and Cross-species Transmission of Whipworms (Trichuris sp.) in Humans and Non-human Primates in Uganda |
We elucidate the mechanisms that lead to population shifts in the conformational states of calcium-loaded calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM ) . We design extensive molecular dynamics simulations to classify the effects that are responsible for adopting occupied conformations available in the ensemble of NMR structures . Electrosta... | Calmodulin ( CaM ) is involved in calcium signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells as an intracellular Ca2+ receptor . Exploiting pH differences in the cell , CaM performs a variety of functions by conveniently adopting different conformational states . We aim to reveal pH and ionic strength ( IS ) dependent shifts in th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Designing Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Shift Populations of the Conformational States of Calmodulin |
Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for several million human deaths annually around the world . One approach to controlling mosquito populations is to disrupt molecular processes or antagonize novel metabolic targets required for the production of viable eggs . To this end , we focused our efforts on identifying p... | Mosquito-borne pathogens infect millions of people worldwide , and the rise in insecticide resistance is exacerbating this problem . A new generation of environmentally safe insecticides will be essential to control insecticide-resistant mosquitoes . One potential route to such novel insecticide targets is the identifi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"rna",
"interference",
"body",
"fluids",
"animals",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"epigenetics",
"insect",
"vectors",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"genetic",
"interfere... | 2019 | Identification and characterization of a mosquito-specific eggshell organizing factor in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes |
Despite significant efforts and remarkable progress , the inference of signaling networks from experimental data remains very challenging . The problem is particularly difficult when the objective is to obtain a dynamic model capable of predicting the effect of novel perturbations not considered during model training .... | Signaling pathways play a key role in complex diseases such as cancer , for which the development of novel therapies is a difficult , expensive and laborious task . Computational models that can predict the effect of a new combination of drugs without having to test it experimentally can help in accelerating this proce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"signal",
"processing",
"signaling",
"networks",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"oncology",
"optimization",
"systems",
"science",
"mathemati... | 2017 | Data-driven reverse engineering of signaling pathways using ensembles of dynamic models |
The free-living aquatic bacterium , Caulobacter crescentus , exhibits two different morphologies during its life cycle . The morphological change from swarmer cell to stalked cell is a result of changes of function of two bi-functional histidine kinases , PleC and CckA . Here , we describe a detailed molecular mechanis... | Recent evidence suggests that the transition of PleC from phosphatase to kinase is induced by its own substrate , DivK . Based on experimental clues , we propose a molecular mechanism to explain this substrate-induced conformational change in PleC . The general principles of thermodynamics , enzyme-substrate reactions ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Potential Role of a Bistable Histidine Kinase Switch in the Asymmetric Division Cycle of Caulobacter crescentus |
The Varicella Zoster Virus ( VZV ) is a ubiquitous human alpha-herpesvirus that is the causative agent of chicken pox and shingles . Although an attenuated VZV vaccine ( v-Oka ) has been widely used in children in the United States , chicken pox outbreaks are still seen , and the shingles vaccine only reduces the risk ... | The Varicella Zoster Virus ( VZV ) is the causative agent of chicken pox and shingles . The long-term efficacy of the current chickenpox vaccine is yet to be determined , and the current shingles vaccine fails to provide protective immunity for a substantial number of individuals . Shingles can also lead to post-herpet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"virology"
] | 2010 | Genome-Wide Mutagenesis Reveals That ORF7 Is a Novel VZV Skin-Tropic Factor |
The human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV-1 ) transcriptional transactivator ( Tat ) is essential for synthesis of full-length transcripts from the integrated viral genome by RNA polymerase II ( Pol II ) . Tat recruits the host positive transcription elongation factor b ( P-TEFb ) to the HIV-1 promoter through binding t... | Expression and replication of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) is supported by the viral transcriptional transactivator ( Tat ) that recruits the host positive transcription elongation factor b ( P-TEFb ) to the promoter of the integrated viral genome . Here , we demonstrate that HIV Tat specifically and effici... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"molecular",
"biology/rna-protein",
"interactions"
] | 2010 | Controlling Cellular P-TEFb Activity by the HIV-1 Transcriptional Transactivator Tat |
In order to investigate the potential of voles to reproduce in vitro the efficiency of prion replication previously observed in vivo , we seeded protein misfolding cyclic amplification ( PMCA ) reactions with either rodent-adapted Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ( TSE ) strains or natural TSE isolates . Vole br... | In an attempt to transpose to an in vitro system the particular sensitivity of the vole model to human and animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ( TSEs ) , we first explored the suitability of vole brain homogenate as a substrate for PMCA . As well as observing the highly efficient replication of a variety o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2011 | Ultra-Efficient PrPSc Amplification Highlights Potentialities and Pitfalls of PMCA Technology |
DEF-like and GLO-like class B floral homeotic genes encode closely related MADS-domain transcription factors that act as developmental switches involved in specifying the identity of petals and stamens during flower development . Class B gene function requires transcriptional upregulation by an autoregulatory loop that... | The development of organs , their position , and boundaries in multicellular organisms are defined by genes that can sustain their own activation over long periods of time , termed genetic switches . A good case in point is provided by the genetic machinery controlling the development of flowers in higher plants . In A... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"evolution",
"developmental",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
... | 2009 | Developmental Robustness by Obligate Interaction of Class B Floral Homeotic Genes and Proteins |
The opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia is particularly life-threatening for cystic fibrosis ( CF ) patients . Chronic lung infections with these bacteria can rapidly develop into fatal pulmonary necrosis and septicaemia . We have recently shown that macrophages are a critical site for replication of B . ce... | Burkholderia cenocepacia is a bacterial pathogen that can infect cystic fibrosis patients , causing a chronic infection that can suddenly change to often fatal inflammatory necrotic pneumonia called cepacia syndrome . The transcriptional regulator ShvR controls the expression of a lipoprotein with antifungal properties... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"opportunistic",
"infecti... | 2018 | The afc antifungal activity cluster, which is under tight regulatory control of ShvR, is essential for transition from intracellular persistence of Burkholderia cenocepacia to acute pro-inflammatory infection |
Safeguarding the proteome is central to the health of the cell . In multi-cellular organisms , the composition of the proteome , and by extension , protein-folding requirements , varies between cells . In agreement , chaperone network composition differs between tissues . Here , we ask how chaperone expression is regul... | Molecular chaperones protect proteins from misfolding and aggregation . In multi-cellular organisms , the composition and expression levels of chaperones vary between tissues . However , little is known of how such differential expression is regulated . We hypothesized that the cellular differentiation that regulates t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"muscle",
"tissue",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"muscle",
"proteins",
"molecular",
"motors",
"actin",
"motors",
"muscle",
"functions",
"embryos",
"morphogenesis",
"motor",
"proteins",
"muscle",
"physiol... | 2016 | A Differentiation Transcription Factor Establishes Muscle-Specific Proteostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Men who have sex with men ( MSM ) have differences in immune activation and gut microbiome composition compared with men who have sex with women ( MSW ) , even in the absence of HIV infection . Gut microbiome differences associated with HIV itself when controlling for MSM , as assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing , are rela... | The communities of commensal microbes that colonize the human gut comprise the gut microbiome , which has been shown to play a significant role in shaping the immune system . Recent studies have reported a distinct gut microbiome composition in men who have sex with men ( MSM ) exhibiting HIV-risk behaviors when compar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"activation",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",... | 2019 | Gut microbiota from high-risk men who have sex with men drive immune activation in gnotobiotic mice and in vitro HIV infection |
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . Usually BU begins as a painless nodule , plaque or edema , ultimately developing into an ulcer . The high number of patients presenting with ulcers in an advanced stage is striking . Such late presentation will complicate treatment a... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . Usually , the number of patients presenting with ulcers in an advanced stage is high . This complicates treatment and increases the risk of disabilities . The disease is endemic mainly in West Africa . The primary strategy for contro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dermatology",
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"epidemiology"
] | 2014 | Contribution of the Community Health Volunteers in the Control of Buruli Ulcer in Bénin |
Analysis of immune responses in Bartonella bacilliformis carriers are needed to understand acquisition of immunity to Carrion’s disease and may allow identifying biomarkers associated with bacterial infection and disease phases . Serum samples from 144 healthy subjects from 5 villages in the North of Peru collected in ... | Carrion’s disease is a neglected vector-borne disease limited to vulnerable population of Ecuador , Colombia and specially Peru . This illness consist in two distinct phases , the Oroya fever and Peruvian wart , but exist a high percentage of asymptomatic carriers in endemic areas that should be detected in order to pe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2017 | Immunosuppressive and angiogenic cytokine profile associated with Bartonella bacilliformis infection in post-outbreak and endemic areas of Carrion's disease in Peru |
3’ uridylation is increasingly recognized as a conserved RNA modification process associated with RNA turnover in eukaryotes . 2’-O-methylation on the 3’ terminal ribose protects micro ( mi ) RNAs from 3’ truncation and 3’ uridylation in Arabidopsis . Previously , we identified HESO1 as the nucleotidyl transferase that... | The tailing of RNAs with non-templated uridines , known as uridylation , is often associated with RNA degradation . We previously identified HESO1 as a nucleotidyl transferase that uridylates microRNAs ( miRNAs ) to lead to their degradation in Arabidopsis . But HESO1 cannot account for all the miRNA uridylation activi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Distinct and Cooperative Activities of HESO1 and URT1 Nucleotidyl Transferases in MicroRNA Turnover in Arabidopsis |
The Hippo pathway plays a key role in regulating cell turnover in adult tissues , and abnormalities in this pathway are consistently associated with human cancers . Hippo was initially implicated in the control of cell proliferation and death , and its inhibition is linked to the expansion of stem cells and progenitors... | Constant cell renewal is required to maintain healthy organs during adult homeostasis . The highly conserved Hippo signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of basic cell behaviors that underlie tissue renewal , including cell proliferation , cell differentiation , and cell death . The Hippo protein has been im... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"cell",
"death",
"rna",
"interference",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"animals",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"epigenetics",
"molecul... | 2018 | Hippo signaling controls cell cycle and restricts cell plasticity in planarians |
The epidemiological success of pandemic and epidemic influenza A viruses relies on the ability to transmit efficiently from person-to-person via respiratory droplets . Respiratory droplet ( RD ) transmission of influenza viruses requires efficient replication and release of infectious influenza particles into the air .... | Influenza A viruses spread rapidly from person-to-person via respiratory droplets ( RDs ) . In this study we used a ferret model to explore viral functions involved in RD transmission of influenza viruses . The 2009 pandemic H1N1 ( pH1N1 ) virus originated by reassortment of a North American triple reassortant swine ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Eurasian-Origin Gene Segments Contribute to the Transmissibility, Aerosol Release, and Morphology of the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus |
Few animal models of Zika virus ( ZIKV ) infection have incorporated arthropod-borne transmission . Here , we establish an Aedes aegypti mosquito model of ZIKV infection of mice , and demonstrate altered vector competency among three strains , ( Orlando , ORL , Ho Chi Minh , HCM , and Patilas , PAT ) . All strains acqu... | Zika virus ( ZIKV ) , an emerging flavivirus , is associated with severe clinical outcomes , including Guillain-Barre syndrome and birth defects . Transmission of ZIKV is primarily mosquito-borne , but the complete transmission cycle from mammalian host to mosquito and back to mammalian host has not yet been demonstrat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"viruses",
"animal",
"models",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"model",
"... | 2018 | Altered vector competence in an experimental mosquito-mouse transmission model of Zika infection |
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito borne infection worldwide . Vertical transmissions after maternal dengue infection to the fetus and pregnancy losses in relation to dengue illness have been reported . The relationship of dengue to miscarriage is not known . We aimed to establish the relationship of recent dengue i... | Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne infection with two billion of the world's population at risk and 100 million infections every year . Dengue is increasingly important due to expansion in the vector's range , increased population density in endemic areas from urbanisation , social and environment change . Mis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine"
] | 2012 | Dengue Infection and Miscarriage: A Prospective Case Control Study |
The advent of functional genomics has enabled the genome-wide characterization of the molecular state of cells and tissues , virtually at every level of biological organization . The difficulty in organizing and mining this unprecedented amount of information has stimulated the development of computational methods desi... | In the current era of cancer research , stimulated by the release of the entire human genome , it has become increasingly clear that to understand cancer we need to understand how the many thousands of genes and proteins involved interact . Modern techniques have enabled the collection of unprecedented amounts of high ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"networks",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"genitourinary",
"tract",
"tumors",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"oncology",
"prostate",
"cancer",
"network",
"analysis",
"g... | 2016 | A Network Biology Approach Identifies Molecular Cross-Talk between Normal Prostate Epithelial and Prostate Carcinoma Cells |
Natural Killer ( NK ) cells contribute to the control of viral infection by directly killing target cells and mediating cytokine release . In C57BL/6 mice , the Ly49H activating NK cell receptor plays a key role in early resistance to mouse cytomegalovirus ( MCMV ) infection through specific recognition of the MCMV-enc... | Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that largely infects the human population leading to a significant cause of disease and death in the immunocompromised and elderly . The study of CMV in animal models has helped understand the pathogenic consequences of CMV infection and adds substantial understanding... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"evasion",
"major",
"histocompatibility",
"complex",
"genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"s... | 2014 | Specific Dysregulation of IFNγ Production by Natural Killer Cells Confers Susceptibility to Viral Infection |
Despite the seriousness of dengue-related disease , with an estimated 50–100 million cases of dengue fever and 250 , 000–500 , 000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome each year , a clear understanding of dengue pathogenesis remains elusive . Because of the lack of a disease model in animals and the ... | Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-born viral disease affecting humans , yet there is , at present , no drug treatment for the disease nor are there any validated host targets for therapeutic intervention . Using microarray technology to monitor the response of virtually every human gene , we aimed to identify the w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2007 | Host Gene Expression Profiling of Dengue Virus Infection in Cell Lines and Patients |
The hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) p7 protein is critical for virus production and an attractive antiviral target . p7 is an ion channel when reconstituted in artificial lipid bilayers , but channel function has not been demonstrated in vivo and it is unknown whether p7 channel activity plays a critical role in virus produc... | The hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease . Current therapy is only partially effective and fraught with side effects . A greater understanding of viral replication and new virus particle formation is thus important for developing new therapeutic targets . The HCV p7 protein is a v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virion",
"structure,",
"assembly,",
"and",
"egress",
"virology"
] | 2010 | Intracellular Proton Conductance of the Hepatitis C Virus p7 Protein and Its Contribution to Infectious Virus Production |
Development in multicellular organisms depends on the ability of individual cells to coordinate their behavior by means of small signaling molecules to form correctly patterned tissues . In plants , a unique mechanism of directional transport of the signaling molecule auxin between cells connects cell polarity and tiss... | The coordination of different cells during pattern formation is a fundamental process in the development of multicellular organisms . In plants , a unique mechanism of directional transport of the signaling molecule auxin between cells demonstrates the importance of cell polarity for tissue patterning . The direction o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"developmental",
"biology/plant",
"gr... | 2010 | A Rho Scaffold Integrates the Secretory System with Feedback Mechanisms in Regulation of Auxin Distribution |
Patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis ( HAM/TSP ) become progressively impaired , with chronic pain , immobility and bladder , bowel and sexual dysfunction . Tested antiretroviral therapies have not been effective and most patients are offered a short course of corticosteroids or inter... | HTLV-1 is a retrovirus transmitted through body fluids that is commonly seen in the West Indies , South America and Southern Japan but rarely in the UK . Although most patients remain healthy carriers , HTLV-1 causes serious conditions such as adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma ( ATLL ) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/Tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"immunologic",
"subspecialties",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"neuroimmunology",
"immunomodulation"
] | 2012 | Ciclosporin A Proof of Concept Study in Patients with Active, Progressive HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis |
The Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 ( PfEMP1 ) antigens play a major role in cytoadhesion of infected erythrocytes ( IE ) , antigenic variation , and immunity to malaria . The current consensus on control of variant surface antigen expression is that only one PfEMP1 encoded by one var gene is expre... | Plasmodium falciparum is the most pathogenic human malaria parasite and its virulence has been linked to its capacity to express different adhesion proteins that enable the developing parasitized erythrocyte to bind to capillaries of the host , thereby avoiding removal by the spleen . Each parasite has approximately 60... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"molecular",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression",
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2010 | Surface Co-Expression of Two Different PfEMP1 Antigens on Single Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes Facilitates Binding to ICAM1 and PECAM1 |
Several studies have proven oseltamivir to be efficient in reducing influenza viral titer and symptom intensity . However , the usefulness of oseltamivir can be compromised by the emergence and spread of drug-resistant virus . The selective pressure exerted by different oseltamivir therapy regimens have received little... | Oseltamivir is currently the most commonly used drug against influenza but the emergence and spread of oseltamivir-resistant virus is threatening its usefulness . A previously published study quantified the risk of drug-resistance emergence and spread . In this work we investigate under what conditions drug-resistance ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"population",
"modeling",
"influenza",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"compu... | 2014 | Impact of Different Oseltamivir Regimens on Treating Influenza A Virus Infection and Resistance Emergence: Insights from a Modelling Study |
Genetic diversity across different human populations can enhance understanding of the genetic basis of disease . We calculated the genetic risk of 102 diseases in 1 , 043 unrelated individuals across 51 populations of the Human Genome Diversity Panel . We found that genetic risk for type 2 diabetes and pancreatic cance... | The environment humans inhabit has changed many times in the last 100 , 000 years . Migration and dynamic local environments can lead to genetic adaptations favoring beneficial traits . Many genes responsible for these adaptations can alter disease susceptibility . Genes can also affect disease susceptibility by varyin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"mutation",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"population",
"biology",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease"
] | 2013 | Analysis of the Genetic Basis of Disease in the Context of Worldwide Human Relationships and Migration |
Advances reported over the last few years and the increasing availability of protein crystal structure data have greatly improved structure-based druggability approaches . However , in practice , nearly all druggability estimation methods are applied to protein crystal structures as rigid proteins , with protein flexib... | Advances reported over the last few years and the increasing availability of protein crystal structure data have greatly improved structure-based druggability approaches . These algorithms predict our ability to discover small molecule drugs for protein targets and can help in identifying promising new biological targe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Acknowledgments"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biochemistry",
"medicinal",
"chemistry",
"proteins",
"protein",
"structure",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"chemistry",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"macromolecula... | 2014 | Structure-Based Druggability Assessment of the Mammalian Structural Proteome with Inclusion of Light Protein Flexibility |
Many viruses alter expression of proteins on the surface of infected cells including molecules important for immune recognition , such as the major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) class I and II molecules . Virus-induced downregulation of surface proteins has been observed to occur by a variety of mechanisms includi... | The Ebola virus ( EBOV ) is a highly pathogenic virus that infects humans and non-human primates , causing severe disease or death in the majority of these cases . The interaction of this virus with its host on a cellular level is only just beginning to be understood . EBOV , like many viruses , affects the expression ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Achnowledgments"
] | [
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"virology/effects",
"of",
"virus",
"infection",
"on",
"host",
"gene",
"expression",
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Steric Shielding of Surface Epitopes and Impaired Immune Recognition Induced by the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein |
With the recent emergence of a novel pandemic strain , there is presently intense interest in understanding the molecular signatures of virulence of influenza viruses . PB1-F2 proteins from epidemiologically important influenza A virus strains were studied to determine their function and contribution to virulence . Usi... | There is presently great interest in understanding how influenza viruses cause disease . In this paper , we explore the role of the influenza virus PB1-F2 protein in disease . We show that the ability of the protein to cause cell death is mediated through a mitochondrial death pathway controlled by proteins called BAX ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms"
] | 2010 | PB1-F2 Proteins from H5N1 and 20th Century Pandemic Influenza Viruses Cause Immunopathology |
Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that affects domesticated ruminants and occasionally humans . Classical RVF vaccines are based on formalin-inactivated virus or the live-attenuated Smithburn strain . The inactivated vaccine is highly safe but requires multiple administrations and yearly re-... | Rift Valley fever virus is a mosquito-borne virus that causes severe disease in young ruminants and occasionally humans . The virus is largely confined to the African continent , but mosquito vectors associated with transmission of RVFV are globally prevalent . There are no vaccines fully registered for use outside end... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"viral",
"vaccines",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"vaccines",
"pr... | 2016 | Rift Valley Fever Vaccine Virus Clone 13 Is Able to Cross the Ovine Placental Barrier Associated with Foetal Infections, Malformations, and Stillbirths |
Changes in synaptic efficacies need to be long-lasting in order to serve as a substrate for memory . Experimentally , synaptic plasticity exhibits phases covering the induction of long-term potentiation and depression ( LTP/LTD ) during the early phase of synaptic plasticity , the setting of synaptic tags , a trigger p... | Humans and animals learn by changing the strength of connections between neurons , a phenomenon called synaptic plasticity . These changes can be induced by rather short stimuli ( lasting sometimes only a few seconds ) but should then be stable for months or years in order to be useful for long-term memory . Experiment... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Tag-Trigger-Consolidation: A Model of Early and Late
Long-Term-Potentiation and Depression |
Giardia intestinalis is a non-invasive protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis in humans , the most common form of parasite-induced diarrhea . Disease mechanisms are not completely defined and very few virulence factors are known . To identify putative virulence factors and elucidate mechanistic pathways leading to d... | Giardia intestinalis is a major contributor to the enormous burden of diarrheal diseases with 280 million symptomatic human infections ( giardiasis ) per year , mainly in children . Nonetheless , there is poor insight into how Giardia causes disease; it is not invasive and very few virulence factors are known . Here we... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"trophozoites",
"parasite",
"groups",
"protein",
"interactions",
"giardia",
"biological",
"cultures",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"apicomplexa",
"molecular",
"motors",
"protozoans... | 2017 | Characterization of the Giardia intestinalis secretome during interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells: The impact on host cells |
Many organs of higher organisms , such as the vascular system , lung , kidney , pancreas , liver and glands , are heavily branched structures . The branching process during lung development has been studied in great detail and is remarkably stereotyped . The branched tree is generated by the sequential , non-random use... | Most organs of higher organisms , such as the vascular system , lung , kidney , pancreas , liver and glands , are heavily branched structures . The branching process during lung development has been studied in great detail and is remarkably stereotyped . The branched tree is generated by the sequential , non-random use... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"organism",
"development",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Branch Mode Selection during Early Lung Development |
Trichinellosis is a serious zoonositc parasitosis worldwide . Because its clinical manifestations aren’t specific , the diagnosis of trichinellosis is not easy to be made . Trichinella spiralis muscle larva ( ML ) excretory–secretory ( ES ) antigens are the most widely applied diagnostic antigens for human trichinellos... | Trichinellosis is an important parasitic zoonosis , and has a public health hazard and an economic impact on the safety of animal food . The diagnosis of trichinellosis is difficult and it is often misdiagnosed . There is an evident 2–3 week window stage between clinical manifestations and the anti-Trichinella IgG posi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzymes",
"immunology",
"enzymology",
"trichinella",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"nematode",
"infections",
"serine",
"proteases",
"developmental",
"bi... | 2018 | Characterization of a Trichinella spiralis putative serine protease. Study of its potential as sero-diagnostic tool |
Increased risk of tuberculosis ( TB ) associated with HIV-1 infection is primarily attributed to deficient T helper ( Th ) 1 immune responses , but most people with active TB have robust Th1 responses , indicating that these are not sufficient to protect against disease . Recent findings suggest that favourable outcome... | HIV-1 infected people have substantially increased risk of tuberculosis ( TB ) leading to a large burden of disease worldwide . We aimed to investigate how HIV-1 causes this effect by altering human immune responses . We measured the products of all immune genes at injection sites of sterilized TB under the skin , in o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"rna",
"viruses",... | 2016 | In Vivo Molecular Dissection of the Effects of HIV-1 in Active Tuberculosis |
In mammals , females are born with finite numbers of oocytes stockpiled as primordial follicles . Oocytes are “reawakened” via an ovarian-intrinsic process that initiates their growth . The forkhead transcription factor Foxo3 controls reawakening downstream of PI3K-AKT signaling . However , the identity of the presumpt... | In mammals , oocyte reawakening controls female fertility , the onset of the menopause , and thus , overall aging . We demonstrate here through complementary genetic experiments that Kit is the upstream receptor regulating oocyte reawakening . Although other cell surface receptors have been proposed as candidates , the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"group-specific",
"staining",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"hematoxylin",
"staining",
"alleles",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"germ",
"cells",
"oocytes",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"paleontology",
"dna",
"paleogenetics",
"research",
"and",
"... | 2016 | Control of Oocyte Reawakening by Kit |
Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group ( SFG ) rickettsiae . Although Spotted Fever is prevalent in the Middle East , no reports for the presence of tick-borne pathogens are available or any studies on the epidemiology of this disease in the West Bank... | Tick borne rickettsial diseases may have similar clinical characteristics , yet epidemiologically and etiologically different diseases . To date , no studies have been conducted to detect potential tick vectors of rickettsiae in the West Bank . Therefore , we aimed to identify tick species and to determine the presence... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Molecular Detection and Identification of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks Collected from the West Bank, Palestinian Territories |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually-transmitted infection gonorrhea , a global disease that is difficult to treat and for which there is no vaccine . This pathogen employs an arsenal of conserved outer membrane proteins called TonB-dependent transporters ( TdTs ) that allow the gonococcus to overcome nutritional ... | Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the common sexually-transmitted infection gonorrhea . This bacteria’s ability to rapidly acquire antibiotic resistance factors , coupled with the lack of any effective vaccine to prevent infection , has resulted in a disease that poses a global threat and may become untreatable . A group of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"neisseria",
"gonorrhoeae",
"esters",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"mutation",
"outer",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"cellular"... | 2019 | The novel interaction between Neisseria gonorrhoeae TdfJ and human S100A7 allows gonococci to subvert host zinc restriction |
The recent emergence of leptospirosis has been linked to many environmental drivers of disease transmission . Accurate epidemiological data are lacking because of under-diagnosis , poor laboratory capacity , and inadequate surveillance . Predictive risk maps have been produced for many diseases to identify high-risk ar... | Leptospirosis is the most common bacterial infection transmitted from animals to humans . Infected animals excrete the bacteria in their urine , and humans can become infected through contact with animals or a contaminated environment such as water and soil . Environmental factors are important in determining the risk ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"spatial",
"analysis",
"human",
"geography",
"disea... | 2012 | Leptospirosis in American Samoa – Estimating and Mapping Risk Using Environmental Data |
Transketolase ( TKT ) is part of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway ( PPP ) . Here we describe the impact of removing this enzyme from the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania mexicana . Whereas the deletion had no obvious effect on cultured promastigote forms of the parasite , the Δtkt cells were not... | Leishmania parasites endanger over 1 billion people worldwide , infecting 300 , 000 people and causing 20 , 000 deaths annually . In this study , we scrutinized metabolism in Leishmania mexicana after deletion of the gene encoding transketolase ( TKT ) , an enzyme involved in sugar metabolism via the pentose phosphate ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"carbohydrates",
"cell",
"metabolism",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"glucose",
"metabolism",
"org... | 2018 | Deletion of transketolase triggers a stringent metabolic response in promastigotes and loss of virulence in amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana |
The dominance of the major transcript isoform relative to other isoforms from the same gene generated by alternative splicing ( AS ) is essential to the maintenance of normal cellular physiology . However , the underlying principles that determine such dominance remain unknown . Here , we analyzed the physical AS proce... | Alternative RNA splicing within eukaryotic cells enables each gene to generate multiple different mature transcripts which further encode proteins with distinct or even opposing functions . The relative frequencies of the transcript isoforms generated by a particular gene are essential to the maintenance of normal cell... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"alternative",
"splicing",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"distribution",
"curves",
"molecular",
"biolog... | 2017 | Stochastic principles governing alternative splicing of RNA |
The evolutionary expansion of the neocortex in mammals has been linked to enlargement of the subventricular zone ( SVZ ) and increased proliferative capacity of basal progenitors ( BPs ) , notably basal radial glia ( bRG ) . The transcription factor Pax6 is known to be highly expressed in primate , but not mouse , BPs ... | During development , neural progenitors generate all cells that make up the mammalian brain . Differences in brain size among the various mammalian species are attributed to differences in the abundance and proliferative capacity of a specific class of neural progenitors called basal progenitors . Among these , a speci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Sustained Pax6 Expression Generates Primate-like Basal Radial Glia in Developing Mouse Neocortex |
Migrating cells employ sophisticated signal transduction systems to respond to their environment and polarize towards attractant sources . Bacterial cells also regulate their polarity dynamically to reverse their direction of movement . In Myxococcus xanthus , a GTP-bound Ras-like G-protein , MglA , activates the motil... | Migrating cells have evolved a molecular compass to rapidly respond to environmental signals . During chemotaxis , small G-proteins and their regulators are activated and determine a leading cell edge towards attractant molecules . Bacteria also move across surfaces in a directed manner . The rod-shaped bacterium Myxoc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"signaling",
"in",
"cellular",
"processes",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"signal",
"transduction",
"signaling",
"pathways",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development"
] | 2012 | A Dynamic Response Regulator Protein Modulates G-Protein–Dependent Polarity in the Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus |
A literature survey and analysis was conducted to describe the epidemiology of dengue disease in Thailand reported between 2000 and 2011 . The literature search identified 610 relevant sources , 40 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria defined in the review protocol . Peaks in the number of cases occurred during th... | We conducted this comprehensive systematic review to determine the impact of dengue disease in Thailand for the period 2000–2011 , and to identify future research priorities . Well-defined methods were used to search and identify relevant published research , according to predetermined inclusion criteria . In addition ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"epidemiology"
] | 2014 | Epidemiological Trends of Dengue Disease in Thailand (2000–2011): A Systematic Literature Review |
Recent research has demonstrated that consumption of food -especially fruits and vegetables- can alter the effects of drugs by interfering either with their pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic processes . Despite the recognition of such drug-food associations as an important element for successful therapeutic interventi... | Vegetables and fruits that are otherwise considered beneficial to our health can have serious consequences in medical care . Interference of plant-based foods with drug performance and pharmacological activity may potentially contribute to an increased risk of side effects or treatment failure . A well-known example of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Developing a Molecular Roadmap of Drug-Food Interactions |
Although current programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis have made significant progress it may be necessary to use different approaches to achieve the global goal , especially where compliance has been poor and ‘hot spots’ of continued infection exist . In the absence of alternative drugs , the use of higher or mo... | In order to achieve global elimination of lymphatic filariasis , it may be necessary to consider alternative approaches to mass treatment using higher or more frequent dosing with the existing drugs used in the programmes . Outside Africa , the drugs used are albendazole and diethylcarbamazine given annually . The curr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | A Randomized Controlled Trial of Increased Dose and Frequency of Albendazole with Standard Dose DEC for Treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti Microfilaremics in Odisha, India |
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans frequently produces genetically altered variants to adapt to environmental changes and new host niches in the course of its life-long association with the human host . Gain-of-function mutations in zinc cluster transcription factors , which result in the constitutive u... | The yeast Candida albicans is part of the normal microflora of most healthy persons , but it can also cause symptomatic infections when host defenses are compromised . C . albicans frequently generates genetically altered variants that are better adapted to changes in its environment during colonization and infection .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"antifungals",
"mutation",
"fungi",
"experimental",
"o... | 2017 | An acquired mechanism of antifungal drug resistance simultaneously enables Candida albicans to escape from intrinsic host defenses |
Macrophages are permissive hosts to intracellular pathogens , but upon activation become microbiocidal effectors of innate and cell-mediated immunity . How the fate of internalized microorganisms is monitored by macrophages , and how that information is integrated to stimulate specific immune responses is not understoo... | Innate immune recognition of microorganisms has a direct impact on the type and the magnitude of the immune response elicited . While recognition of microorganisms relies on receptors that sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns , ( PAMPs ) , it was reasonable to suspect that immune cells could discriminate betwee... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"none",
"cell",
"biology",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | Bacterial Ligands Generated in a Phagosome Are Targets of the Cytosolic Innate Immune System |
The role of ribosomal protein S6 ( rpS6 ) phosphorylation in mRNA translation remains poorly understood . Here , we reveal a potential role in modulating the translation rate of chemokine ( C-X-C motif ) ligand 8 ( CXCL8 or Interleukin 8 , IL8 ) . We observed that more CXCL8 protein was being secreted from less CXCL8 m... | Ribosomal protein S6 ( rpS6 ) is a component of the cell translation system . This system produces proteins based on the instructions found on messenger ribonucleic acids or mRNAs . The activity of rpS6 is modified via the attachment of phosphate groups . This rpS6 “phosphorylation” regulates cell size , cell prolifera... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"3'",
"utr",
"immunology",
"messenger",
"rna",
"signal",
"inhibition",
"untranslated",
"regions",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"... | 2019 | Novel AU-rich proximal UTR sequences (APS) enhance CXCL8 synthesis upon the induction of rpS6 phosphorylation |
Although rabies is endemic in Laos , genetic characterization of the viruses in this country is limited . There are growing concerns that development in the region may have increased transport of dog through Laos for regional dog meat consumption , and that this may cause spillover of the viruses from dogs brought here... | Laos is a land-locked rabies-endemic country in Southeast Asia that is surrounded by five rabies-endemic countries . Thus , there is increasing concern that the epidemiology of rabies in Laos is influenced by infrastructure development and economic activities , including international transport of dogs for meat consump... | [
"Abstract",
"Background",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Molecular Epidemiology of Rabies Viruses Circulating in Two Rabies Endemic Provinces of Laos, 2011–2012: Regional Diversity in Southeast Asia |
DNA methyltransferase 3A ( DNMT3A ) is an enzyme involved in DNA methylation that is frequently mutated in human hematologic malignancies . We have previously shown that inactivation of Dnmt3a in hematopoietic cells results in chronic lymphocytic leukemia in mice . Here we show that 12% of Dnmt3a-deficient mice develop... | Global deregulation of cytosine methylation is an epigenetic hallmark of hematologic malignancies that may promote tumorigenesis by silencing tumor suppressor genes , upregulating oncogenes , and inducing genomic instability . DNA methyltransferase 3a ( DNMT3A ) is one of the three catalytically active enzymes responsi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"hematologic",
"cancers",
"and",
"related",
"disorders",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
... | 2016 | Dnmt3a Is a Haploinsufficient Tumor Suppressor in CD8+ Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma |
Giardia intestinalis is a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and two major Giardia genotypes , assemblages A and B , infect humans . The genome of assemblage A parasite WB was recently sequenced , and the structurally compact 11 . 7 Mbp genome contains simplified basic cellular machineries and metabolism . We h... | Giardia intestinalis is a major contributor to the enormous burden of diarrheal diseases with 250 million symptomatic infections per year , and it is part of the WHO neglected disease initiative . Nonetheless , there is poor insight into how Giardia causes disease; it is not invasive , secretes no known toxin and both ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"infectious",
"diseases/gastrointestinal",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Draft Genome Sequencing of Giardia intestinalis Assemblage B Isolate GS: Is Human Giardiasis Caused by Two Different Species? |
The accuracy of replicating the genetic code is fundamental . DNA repair mechanisms protect the fidelity of the genome ensuring a low error rate between generations . This sustains the similarity of individuals whilst providing a repertoire of variants for evolution . The mutation rate in the human genome has recently ... | The mutation load of human tissues is unknown and represents the genetic divergence from the fertilised egg . Reprogramming of somatic cells generates induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSCs ) , a cell type being considered for clinical applications . We generated iPSCs from tissues of healthy individuals and used whole... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"fibroblasts",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"mutation",
"stem",
"cells",
"induced",
"pluripotent",
"stem",
"cells",
"connective",
"tissue",... | 2016 | Mutational History of a Human Cell Lineage from Somatic to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
The mental retardation , autistic features , and behavioral abnormalities characteristic of the Fragile X mental retardation syndrome result from the loss of function of the RNA–binding protein FMRP . The disease is usually caused by a triplet repeat expansion in the 5′UTR of the FMR1 gene . This leads to loss of funct... | Missense mutations in human genes provide valuable insight into the genetic causes of disease . Fragile X Syndrome ( FXS ) , a common genetic cause of autism and mental retardation , is usually caused by transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene . The potential importance of single patient with a missense mutation ( I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"molecular",
"biology/rna-protein",
"interactions",
"physiology/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"neurological",
"disorders/developmental",
"and",
"pediatric",
"neurology",
"neuroscienc... | 2009 | A Mouse Model of the Human Fragile X Syndrome I304N Mutation |
Feeding and sleep are fundamental behaviours with significant interconnections and cross-modulations . The circadian system and peptidergic signals are important components of this modulation , but still little is known about the mechanisms and networks by which they interact to regulate feeding and sleep . We show tha... | Feeding and sleep are fundamental behaviours that are controlled by diverse neuropeptides . While feeding is associated with wake periods , sleep prevents feeding . Both feeding and sleep are timed to specific parts of the day by internal clocks , presumably to optimise behaviour and metabolic processes . We investigat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"sleep",
"neuroscience",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"biomechanics",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"physiological",
"processes",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"chronobiology",
"drosophila",
"ne... | 2016 | Allatostatin A Signalling in Drosophila Regulates Feeding and Sleep and Is Modulated by PDF |
Seminoma is a subclass of human testicular germ cell tumors ( TGCT ) , the most frequently observed cancer in young men with a rising incidence . Here we describe the identification of a novel gene predisposing specifically to seminoma formation in a vertebrate model organism . Zebrafish carrying a heterozygous nonsens... | Testicular Germ Cell Tumors are frequently occurring tumors , affecting 1 in 500 individuals . Of this diverse group , the subtype seminoma is most prevalent and is the most common tumor type found in men aged 20–40 years of age . In contrast to other frequently occurring tumor types , there is very little information ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"zebrafish",
"animal",
"genetics",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"model",
"organisms",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"dna",
"transcription"
] | 2013 | Mutations in LRRC50 Predispose Zebrafish and Humans to Seminomas |
Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever caused by an arenavirus . The disease is endemic in West African countries , including Guinea . The rodents Mastomys natalensis and Mastomys erythroleucus have been identified as Lassa virus reservoirs in Guinea . In the absence of a vaccine , rodent control and human behaviour... | In the absence of a Lassa fever vaccine , rodent control is the primary prevention option . An effective rodent control intervention must understand human behaviour towards the rodent such as: human–rodent interactions , cohabitation , and local rodent control measures . We conducted a rodent control intervention at co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"guinea",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"mammals",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"social",
"geograp... | 2018 | Rodent control to fight Lassa fever: Evaluation and lessons learned from a 4-year study in Upper Guinea |
Mutations in VAPB/ALS8 are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) and spinal muscular atrophy ( SMA ) , two motor neuron diseases that often include alterations in energy metabolism . We have shown that C . elegans and Drosophila neurons secrete a cleavage product of VAPB , the N-terminal major sperm pro... | ALS patients often present with systemic alterations in energy metabolism , such as dyslipidemia and hypermetabolism of unknown origin . Reduction of Vapb function is thought to cause motor neuron disease in ALS8 patients and may predispose individuals to ALS , in general . We have shown that neurons secrete the N-term... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | VAPB/ALS8 MSP Ligands Regulate Striated Muscle Energy Metabolism Critical for Adult Survival in Caenorhabditis elegans |
The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease . There are no vaccines or effective treatment , especially in the chronic phase when most patients are diagnosed . There is a clear necessity to develop new drugs and strategies for the control and treatment of Chagas disease . Recent papers have... | The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease , an endemic zoonosis present in some countries of South and Central Americas . The World Health Organization estimates that 100 million people are at risk of acquiring this disease . The infection affects mainly muscle tissues in the heart and di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biochemistry",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Influence of Ecto-Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase Activity on Trypanosoma cruzi Infectivity and Virulence |
Intercalated disks ( ICDs ) are substantial connections maintaining cardiac structures and mediating signal communications among cardiomyocytes . Deficiency in ICD components such as desmosomes , fascia adherens and gap junctions leads to heart dysfunction . Coxsackievirus B3 ( CVB3 ) infection induces cardiac failure ... | Coxsackievirus B3 ( CVB3 ) is one of most common causes of heart inflammation and failure . However , the mechanism by which CVB3 induces cardiac damage has not been fully elucidated . Particularly , the involvement of microRNAs ( miRNAs ) , a family of small RNAs controlling the progression of a wide range of diseases... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"rna",
"signal",
"transduction",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"cell",
"adhesion",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"virology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"molecu... | 2014 | Coxsackievirus-Induced miR-21 Disrupts Cardiomyocyte Interactions via the Downregulation of Intercalated Disk Components |
Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis . The bacterium recruits factor H ( fH ) , a negative regulator of the complement system , to its surface via fH binding protein ( fHbp ) , providing a mechanism to avoid complement-mediated killing . fHbp is an important antigen that elicits protective... | Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of sepsis and meningitis in young children and adolescents . Although vaccines are currently available against several serogroups , a broadly effective vaccine against serogroup B is still needed . Factor H binding protein ( fHbp ) can bind the human complement regulator factor H... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Distinct Binding and Immunogenic Properties of the Gonococcal Homologue of Meningococcal Factor H Binding Protein |
Neuropathies are neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and other mammals . Many genetic causes have been identified so far , including mutations of genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics . Recently , the “Turning calves syndrome” , a novel sensorimotor polyneuropathy was described in the Frenc... | Mitochondria are essential organelles , the site of numerous biochemical reactions , with a critical role in delivering energy to cells , particularly in the nervous system . Consequently , disrupted mitochondrial function often results in neurodegenerative diseases , in humans and in other mammals . Herein , we determ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"protein",
"metabolism",
"ruminants",
"mitochondrial",
"dna",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"mitochondria",
"dna",
"bioenergetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"tec... | 2017 | Bovine and murine models highlight novel roles for SLC25A46 in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism, with implications for human and animal health |
Circuitry mapping of metazoan neural systems is difficult because canonical neural regions ( regions containing one or more copies of all components ) are large , regional borders are uncertain , neuronal diversity is high , and potential network topologies so numerous that only anatomical ground truth can resolve them... | Building an accurate neural network diagram of the vertebrate nervous system is a major challenge in neuroscience . Diverse groups of neurons that function together form complex patterns of connections often spanning large regions of brain tissue , with uncertain borders . Although serial-section transmission electron ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computer",
"science",
"cell",
"biology",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"ophthalmology",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | A Computational Framework for Ultrastructural Mapping of Neural Circuitry |
Orientation selectivity is a key property of primary visual cortex that contributes , downstream , to object recognition . The origin of orientation selectivity , however , has been debated for decades . It is known that on- and off-centre subcortical pathways converge onto single neurons in primary visual cortex , and... | Many neurons in mammalian primary visual cortex are highly selective for the orientation of visual contours and can therefore contribute to object recognition . Orientation selectivity depends on on- and off-centre retinal neurons that respond , respectively , to light and dark . We describe a signal-processing model t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"ganglion",
"cells",
"vision",
"neuronal",
"tuning",
"animal",
"cells",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
... | 2019 | A model for the origin and development of visual orientation selectivity |
Unbiased lipidomic approaches have identified impairments in glycerophosphocholine second messenger metabolism in patients with Alzheimer's disease . Specifically , we have shown that amyloid-β42 signals the intraneuronal accumulation of PC ( O-16:0/2:0 ) which is associated with neurotoxicity . Similar to neuronal cel... | Accelerated cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients is associated with distinct changes in the abundance of choline-containing lipids belonging to the platelet activating factor family . In particular , PC ( O-16:0/2:0 ) or C16:0 platelet activating factor ( PAF ) , is specifically elevated in brains of Alzheimer's p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"biochemistry",
"biology"
] | 2014 | A Neurotoxic Glycerophosphocholine Impacts PtdIns-4, 5-Bisphosphate and TORC2 Signaling by Altering Ceramide Biosynthesis in Yeast |
The structure of the infectious prion protein ( PrPSc ) , which is responsible for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy , has escaped all attempts at elucidation due to its insolubility and propensity to aggregate . PrPSc replicates by converting the non-infectious , cellular prion p... | The structure of the infectious prion ( PrPSc ) , which is responsible for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy , has escaped all attempts at elucidation due to its propensity to aggregate . Here , we use the repetitive organization inherent in amyloid fibrils to analyze the structur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"diseases",
"crystal",
"structure",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"electron",
"cryo-microscopy",
"animal",
"models",
"animal",
"prion",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"microscopy",
"protein",
"structure",
"crysta... | 2016 | The Structural Architecture of an Infectious Mammalian Prion Using Electron Cryomicroscopy |
Determining the forces that conserve amino acid positions in proteins across species is a fundamental pursuit of molecular evolution . Evolutionary conservation is driven by either a protein's function or its thermodynamic stability . Highly conserved histone proteins offer a platform to evaluate these driving forces .... | Most proteins fold to a well-defined , three-dimensional structure , which can be delineated into the protein surface and its buried core . When comparing amino acid sequences of the same protein from different organisms , we would expect to find certain residue positions conserved due to the importance of that positio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/molecular",
"evolution"
] | 2011 | Thermodynamic Stability of Histone H3 Is a Necessary but not Sufficient Driving Force for its Evolutionary Conservation |
In many species a fundamental feature of genetic diversity is that genetic similarity decays with geographic distance; however , this relationship is often complex , and may vary across space and time . Methods to uncover and visualize such relationships have widespread use for analyses in molecular ecology , conservat... | We introduce a novel statistical method to infer migration rates and population sizes across space in recent time periods . Our approach builds upon the previously developed EEMS method , which infers effective migration rates under a dense lattice . Similarly , we infer demographic parameters under a lattice and use a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biogeography",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"census",
"research",
"design",
"animal",
"behavior",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"population",
"biology",
"zoology",
"res... | 2019 | Estimating recent migration and population-size surfaces |
Spicy foods elicit a pungent or hot and painful sensation that repels almost all mammals . Here , we observe that the tree shrew ( Tupaia belangeri chinensis ) , which possesses a close relationship with primates and can directly and actively consume spicy plants . Our genomic and functional analyses reveal that a sing... | Most mammals cannot tolerate the pungent sensation , such as that evoked by eating chili peppers . Here , we show that unexpectedly , the tree shrew , a mammal closely related to primates , can consume pungent plants . We determined that this tolerance is caused by an amino acid change in the tree shrew’s transient rec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"chemical",
"bonding",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"shrews",
"membrane",
"potential",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"mice",
"diet",
"animals",
"mammals",
"neuroscience",
"receptor",
"potentials",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"nutri... | 2018 | Molecular mechanism of the tree shrew’s insensitivity to spiciness |
In December of 2013 , chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) , an alphavirus in the family Togaviridae , was introduced to the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean , resulting in the first autochthonous cases reported in the Americas . As of January 2015 , local and imported CHIKV has been reported in 50 American countries wit... | We have developed an innovative approach to production of alphavirus antigens for use in diagnostic assays that results in reduced production complexity as well as improved sensitivity in application . By generating recombinant viruses that contain the structural protein genes of pathogenic alphaviruses and the nonstru... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Utilization of an Eilat Virus-Based Chimera for Serological Detection of Chikungunya Infection |
The adherens junctions between epithelial cells involve a protein complex formed by E-cadherin , β-catenin , α-catenin and F-actin . The stability of this complex was a puzzle for many years , since in vitro studies could reconstitute various stable subsets of the individual proteins , but never the entirety . The miss... | Epithelial cells that line the surface of cavities in the human body are held together by groups of proteins known as adherens junctions . The cells are always under some level of mechanical tension , and the resulting forces can play a major role in determining junction stability . Our work provides a theoretical mode... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"chemical",
"bonding",
"crystal",
"structure",
"absorption",
"spectroscopy",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"crystallography",
"thermodynamics",
"hydrogen",
"bonding",
"selectins",
"physical",
"chemistry",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"contractile",
"protein... | 2018 | Unraveling the mechanism of the cadherin-catenin-actin catch bond |
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease infecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide . Treatment depends on a single drug , praziquantel , which kills the Schistosoma spp . parasite only at the adult stage . HDAC inhibitors ( HDACi ) such as Trichostatin A ( TSA ) induce parasite mortality in vitro ( schistosomula... | Human schistosomiasis is a disease caused by the parasite Schistosoma spp . that affects over 230 million people worldwide . Treatment depends on a single drug , praziquantel , and the search for new drugs calls for exploiting strategies that are successful for other pathologies such as cancer , including the test of i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"helminths",
"gene",
"regulation",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"animals",
"dna",
"transcription",
"dna",
"replication",
"genome",
"analysis",
"dna",
"epigenetics",
"chromatin",
"promoter",
"regions",
"genomics",
"ch... | 2017 | Histone deacetylase inhibition modulates histone acetylation at gene promoter regions and affects genome-wide gene transcription in Schistosoma mansoni |
The biological function of chaperone complexes is to assist the folding of non-native proteins . The widely studied GroEL chaperonin is a double-barreled complex that can trap non-native proteins in one of its two barrels . The ATP-driven binding of a GroES cap then results in a major structural change of the chamber w... | Chaperonin complexes capture proteins that have not yet reached their functional ( “native” ) state . Non-native proteins cannot perform their function correctly and threaten the survival of the cell . The chaperonins help these proteins to reach their native state . The prokaryotic GroEL-GroES chaperonin is an ellipso... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"biophysics/protein",
"folding"
] | 2008 | Multi-Scale Simulations Provide Supporting Evidence for the Hypothesis of Intramolecular Protein Translocation in GroEL/GroES Complexes |
Currently , there are mounting data suggesting that HIV-1 acquisition in women can be affected by the use of certain hormonal contraceptives . However , in non-human primate models , endogenous or exogenous progestin-dominant states are shown to increase acquisition . To gain mechanistic insights into this increased ac... | Sexual transmission accounts for over 80% of all HIV-1 infections , with half of new infections occurring in women . Epidemiological studies suggest that certain hormonal contraceptives may be associated with increased HIV-1 acquisition . A hormonal influence of vaginal HIV acquisition is supported by studies utilizing... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"viral",
"structure",
"animals",
"mammals",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"retroviruses",
"primat... | 2016 | Increases in Endogenous or Exogenous Progestins Promote Virus-Target Cell Interactions within the Non-human Primate Female Reproductive Tract |
Echinococcus granulosus infections are a major public health problem in livestock-raising regions around the world . The life cycle of this tapeworm is sustained between dogs ( definitive host , canine echinococcosis ) , and herbivores ( intermediary host , cystic hydatid disease ) . Humans may also develop cystic hyda... | Echinococcus granulosus infections are a major public health problem in livestock-raising regions around the world . This parasite is transmitted by dogs , and humans could be accidentally infected , developing cystic lesions in internal organs after several years of infection . The risk of infection has been widely de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Human and Canine Echinococcosis Infection in Informal, Unlicensed Abattoirs in Lima, Peru |
Infectious diseases result in millions of deaths each year . Mechanisms of infection have been studied in detail for many pathogens . However , many questions are relatively unexplored . What are the properties of human proteins that interact with pathogens ? Do pathogens interact with certain functional classes of hum... | Many pathogens , such as viruses and bacteria , cause disease in humans . Pathogen infections result in illness and death for millions of people each year . Pathogens communicate with human cells through physical interactions with various human proteins on the surface of the cell and within the interior of the cell . T... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computational",
"biology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"eubacteria"
] | 2008 | The Landscape of Human Proteins Interacting with Viruses and Other Pathogens |
Conflict between the sexes over reproductive interests can drive rapid evolution of reproductive traits and promote speciation . Here we show that inter-species mating between Caenorhabditis nematodes sterilizes maternal individuals . The principal effectors of male-induced harm are sperm cells , which induce sterility... | The sexes have divergent reproductive interests , and conflict arising from this disparity can drive the rapid evolution of reproductive traits and promote speciation . Here we describe a unique reproductive barrier in Caenorhabditis nematodes that is induced by sperm . We found that mating between species can steriliz... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"reproductive",
"system",
"anatomy",
"fertilization",
"ecology",
"natural",
"selection",
"sexual",
"selection",
"sexual",
"conflict",
"speciation",
"physiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"sexual",
"rep... | 2014 | Intense Sperm-Mediated Sexual Conflict Promotes Reproductive Isolation in Caenorhabditis Nematodes |
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira for which rats are considered as the main reservoir . Disease incidence is higher in tropical countries , especially in insular ecosystems . Our objectives were to determine the current burden of leptospirosis in Seychelles , a country ranking first ... | Leptospirosis is an emerging environmental infectious disease caused by corkscrew shaped bacteria called Leptospira . Humans usually get infected during recreational or work-related outdoor activities through contact with urine excreted by animal reservoirs . As a zoonotic disease , leptospirosis is a good example of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leptospira",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"seychelles",
"animals",
"mammals",... | 2017 | Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir |
Sustained or repeated exposure to sedating drugs , such as alcohol , triggers homeostatic adaptations in the brain that lead to the development of drug tolerance and dependence . These adaptations involve long-term changes in the transcription of drug-responsive genes as well as an epigenetic restructuring of chromosom... | Alcoholism is a complex condition of compulsive alcohol use that results in devastating physical and social consequences . The development of this affliction is believed to arise in part by homeostatic adaptations in the brain that lead to the development of alcohol tolerance and dependence . These adaptations are stro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Alcohol-Induced Histone Acetylation Reveals a Gene Network Involved in Alcohol Tolerance |
Scaffold proteins are ubiquitous chaperones that promote efficient interactions between partners of multi-enzymatic protein complexes; although they are well studied in eukaryotes , their role in prokaryotic systems is poorly understood . Bacterial membranes have functional membrane microdomains ( FMM ) , a structure h... | The recently discovered functional membrane microdomains ( FMM ) of prokaryotic cells contain a protein homologous to the scaffold protein flotillin found in eukaryotic lipid rafts . It remains to be elucidated whether , like their eukaryotic counterparts , flotillin homolog proteins have a scaffold function in bacteri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"protein",
"interactions",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"eukaryotic",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"physiol... | 2017 | Flotillin scaffold activity contributes to type VII secretion system assembly in Staphylococcus aureus |
Combinatorial therapy is a promising strategy for combating complex disorders due to improved efficacy and reduced side effects . However , screening new drug combinations exhaustively is impractical considering all possible combinations between drugs . Here , we present a novel computational approach to predict drug c... | The combination of distinct drugs in combinatorial therapy can help to improve therapeutic efficacy by overcoming the redundancy and robustness of pathogenic processes , or by lowering the risk of side effects . However , identification of effective drug combinations is cumbersome , considering the possible search spac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Prediction of Drug Combinations by Integrating Molecular and Pharmacological Data |
Unlike many wild grasses , domesticated rice cultivars have uniform culm height and panicle size among tillers and the main shoot , which is an important trait for grain yield . However , the genetic basis of this trait remains unknown . Here , we report that DWARF TILLER1 ( DWT1 ) controls the developmental uniformity... | Plant architecture is important for crop yield . In most plants , branches grow smaller than the main shoot , largely due to the ‘apical dominance’ . However , in several cereal crops , including rice , wheat , and barley , the branches ( tillers ) have a height and size indistinguishable from the main shoot . The gene... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"cereals",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"crops",
"genetics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"crop",
"genetics",
"morphogenesis",
"agriculture"
] | 2014 | DWARF TILLER1, a WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox Transcription Factor, Is Required for Tiller Growth in Rice |
We combined gene divergence data , classical genetics , and phylogenetics to study the evolution of the mating-type chromosome in the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora tetrasperma . In this species , a large non-recombining region of the mating-type chromosome is associated with a unique fungal life cycle where self-fe... | In fungi , mating occurs between individuals of alternative mating-types and there is no dichotomy of individuals into two morphologically different sexes . Nevertheless , in this paper we show that chromosomal regions controlling mating-type identity in fungi share features with the more complex sex chromosomes found ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2008 | The Mating-Type Chromosome in the Filamentous Ascomycete Neurospora tetrasperma Represents a Model for Early Evolution of Sex Chromosomes |
In sub-Saharan Africa , where there is the scarcity of proper diagnostic tools , febrile illness related symptoms are often misdiagnosed as malaria . Information on causative agents of febrile illness related symptoms among pastoral communities in Ethiopia have rarely been described . In this a community based cross-se... | Many diseases such as typhoid fever , typhus , brucellosis and malaria show common symptoms such as fever , headache , joint pain and back pain . Hence , in countries where there is a problem of appropriate laboratory based diagnostic tools , health workers cannot properly diagnose these diseases and provide appropriat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"typhus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"brucellosis",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
... | 2018 | Community-based prevalence of typhoid fever, typhus, brucellosis and malaria among symptomatic individuals in Afar Region, Ethiopia |
Two species with similar resource requirements respond in a characteristic way to variations in their habitat—their abundances rise and fall in concert . We use this idea to learn how bacterial populations in the microbiota respond to habitat conditions that vary from person-to-person across the human population . Our ... | The human body is inhabited by a vast number of microorganisms comprising the human microbiota . The species composition of the microbiota varies considerably from person-to-person and the relative abundances of some species rise and fall in concert . We introduce a mathematical model where differences in habitat condi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"ecological",
"niches",
"microbiome",
"microbiology",
"random",
"variables",
"covariance",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"data",
"management",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"algebra",
"microbial",
"gen... | 2017 | Variable habitat conditions drive species covariation in the human microbiota |
In the natural environment , animals often encounter multiple sensory cues that are simultaneously present . The nervous system integrates the relevant sensory information to generate behavioral responses that have adaptive values . However , the neuronal basis and the modulators that regulate integrated behavioral res... | The present study characterizes the modulation of a behavioral decision in C . elegans when the worm is presented with a food lawn that is paired with a repulsive smell . We show that multiple specific sensory neurons and interneurons play roles in making the decision . We also identify several modulatory molecules tha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"invertebrates",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"caenorhabditis",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"odorants",
"materials",
"science",
"experimental",
"organism",
"s... | 2019 | Molecular and cellular modulators for multisensory integration in C. elegans |
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( CDH ) is a severe birth defect that is often accompanied by other congenital anomalies . Previous exome sequencing studies for CDH have supported a role of de novo damaging variants but did not identify any recurrently mutated genes . To investigate further the genetics of CDH , we ana... | Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( CDH ) is a life-threatening condition affecting about 1 every 3000 newborns . Although the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of CDH has been well established , only a handful of disease genes have been identified so far . We and other have previously shown that de novo variants , th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"congenital",
"anomalies",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"respiratory",
"system",
"transcription",
"factors",
"proteins",
"gene",
"expression",
"congenital",
... | 2018 | De novo variants in congenital diaphragmatic hernia identify MYRF as a new syndrome and reveal genetic overlaps with other developmental disorders |
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ( TL ) is a neglected disease with worldwide distribution and considered a public health problem , especially in Latin America . In Colombia , the governmental epidemiological surveillance system ( SIVIGILA ) is responsible for collecting information on the presentation of cases of TL from eac... | Colombia is among the countries with the highest number of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis cases worldwide . Despite public health efforts , and the existence of a national epidemiological surveillance system , articulated with the regional SisLeish system , the trends followed by the disease’s prevalence and incidence have ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"north",
"america",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control... | 2018 | Geospatial-temporal distribution of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Colombia (2007–2016) |
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