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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rapid atrial arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation ( AF ) predispose to ventricular arrhythmias , sudden cardiac death and stroke . Identifying the origin of atrial ectopic activity from the electrocardiogram ( ECG ) can help to diagnose the early onset of AF in a cost-effective manner . The complex and rapid atrial ... | Ectopic activity is associated with multiple cardiac disorders and has been implicated in the initiation of self-sustaining re-entrant excitation . Identifying the presence and origin of ectopic activity may be vital in improving diagnosis and treatment of disorders such as atrial fibrillation , and has been the subjec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | A New Algorithm to Diagnose Atrial Ectopic Origin from Multi Lead ECG Systems - Insights from 3D Virtual Human Atria and Torso |
Adaptive immunity relies on the generation and maintenance of memory T cells to provide protection against repeated antigen exposure . It has been hypothesised that a self-renewing population of T cells , named stem cell–like memory T ( TSCM ) cells , are responsible for maintaining memory . However , it is not clear i... | The human immune system remembers previously encountered pathogens so that , on meeting the same pathogen a second time , the response is quicker and more effective . This immune memory is the basis of all vaccinations . Immune memory persists for decades , but how memory is maintained is unclear . It has been hypothes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"precursor",
"cells",
"cloning",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"te... | 2018 | Human TSCM cell dynamics in vivo are compatible with long-lived immunological memory and stemness |
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate ( CL/P ) is the most commonly occurring craniofacial birth defect . We provide insight into the genetic etiology of this birth defect by performing genome-wide association studies in two species: dogs and humans . In the dog , a genome-wide association study of 7 CL/P cases and 11... | Cleft lip with or without cleft palate ( CL/P ) is a commonly occurring birth defect that can lead to a lifetime of complications in affected children . To better understand the genetic cause of these disorders , we investigated CL/P in both dogs and humans . Genome-wide association studies in both species independentl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Genome-Wide Association Studies in Dogs and Humans Identify ADAMTS20 as a Risk Variant for Cleft Lip and Palate |
Oral miltefosine has been shown to be non-inferior to first-line , injectable meglumine antimoniate ( MA ) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) in children . Miltefosine may be administered via in-home caregiver Directly Observed Therapy ( cDOT ) , while patients must travel to clinics to receive MA . We... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is a tropical parasitic disease transmitted by sand flies that causes chronic skin and mucosal ulcers . Current standard of care therapy requires patients to travel to a clinic for twenty consecutive days for injections of meglumine antimoniate ( MA ) . This may represent an economic burd... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"transportation",
"economic",
"analysis",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",... | 2017 | Cost-effectiveness of meglumine antimoniate versus miltefosine caregiver DOT for the treatment of pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis |
The efficiency of translation termination depends on the nature of the stop codon and the surrounding nucleotides . Some molecules , such as aminoglycoside antibiotics ( gentamicin ) , decrease termination efficiency and are currently being evaluated for diseases caused by premature termination codons . However , the r... | Nonsense mutations are single-nucleotide variations within the coding sequence of a gene that result in a premature termination codon . The presence of such mutations leads to the synthesis of a truncated protein unable to fulfill its normal function . Over the last ten years , treatment strategies have emerged based o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"statistics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Statistical Analysis of Readthrough Levels for Nonsense Mutations in Mammalian Cells Reveals a Major Determinant of Response to Gentamicin |
Chd proteins are ATP–dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes implicated in biological functions from transcriptional elongation to control of pluripotency . Previous studies of the Chd1 subclass of these proteins have implicated them in diverse roles in gene expression including functions during initiation , elongation ... | Nucleosomes prevent transcription by interfering with transcription factor binding at the beginning of genes and blocking elongating RNA polymerase II across the bodies of genes . To overcome this repression , regulatory proteins move , remove , or structurally alter nucleosomes , allowing the transcription machinery a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chromosome",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"chromatin",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"histone",
"modification"
] | 2012 | A Key Role for Chd1 in Histone H3 Dynamics at the 3′ Ends of Long Genes in Yeast |
MHV68 is a murine gammaherpesvirus that infects laboratory mice and thus provides a tractable small animal model for characterizing critical aspects of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis . Having evolved with their natural host , herpesviruses encode numerous gene products that are involved in modulating host immune respons... | Through coevolution with their hosts , gammaherpesviruses have acquired unique genes that aid in infection of a particular host . Here we study the regulation of the MHV68 M1 gene , which encodes a protein that modulates the host immune response . Using a strategy that allowed us to identify MHV68 infected cells in mic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"viral",
"persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"virology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"replication"
] | 2014 | The Murine Gammaherpesvirus Immediate-Early Rta Synergizes with IRF4, Targeting Expression of the Viral M1 Superantigen to Plasma Cells |
Candida albicans is both a major fungal pathogen and a member of the commensal human microflora . The morphological switch from yeast to hyphal growth is associated with disease and many environmental factors are known to influence the yeast-to-hyphae switch . The Ras1-Cyr1-PKA pathway is a major regulator of C . albic... | Candida albicans is a successful fungal commensal and pathogen of humans . It is a polymorphic organism and the ability to switch from yeast to hyphal growth is associated with the commensal-to-pathogen switch . Previous research identified the Ras1-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway as a key regulator of hyphal growth . He... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Mitochondrial Activity and Cyr1 Are Key Regulators of Ras1 Activation of C. albicans Virulence Pathways |
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan pathogen responsible for Chagas disease . Current therapies are inadequate because of their severe host toxicity and numerous side effects . The identification of new biotargets is essential for the development of more efficient therapeutic alternatives . Inhibition of sirtuins from Try... | Sirtuins are a family of deacetylases , evolutionary conserved from bacteria to mammals . They participate in the regulation of a wide range of nuclear , cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pathways , and are considered pro-life enzymes . In the last years the search for sirtuin inhibitors was a very active field of research... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Overexpression of Cytoplasmic TcSIR2RP1 and Mitochondrial TcSIR2RP3 Impacts on Trypanosoma cruzi Growth and Cell Invasion |
The ability of adherent cells to form adhesions is critical to numerous phases of their physiology . The assembly of adhesions is mediated by several types of integrins . These integrins differ in physical properties , including rate of diffusion on the plasma membrane , rapidity of changing conformation from bent to e... | Integrin-mediated cell adhesions to the extracellular environment contribute to various cell activities and provide cells with vital environmental cues . Cell adhesions are complex structures that emerge from a number of molecular and macromolecular interactions between integrins and cytoplasmic proteins , between inte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"actin",
"filaments",
"spring",
"seasons",
"integrins",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"cytoskeleton",
"dynamic",
"actin",
"filaments",
"contractile",
"proteins",
"actins",
"physical",
"properties",
"cell",
"adhesion",
"proteins",
"ex... | 2019 | Multiscale model of integrin adhesion assembly |
An estimated 80% of genomic DNA in eukaryotes is packaged as nucleosomes , which , together with the remaining interstitial linker regions , generate higher order chromatin structures [1] . Nucleosome sequences isolated from diverse organisms exhibit ∼10 bp periodic variations in AA , TT and GC dinucleotide frequencies... | In eukaryotic cells , the majority of DNA is packaged in nucleosomes comprised of ∼147 bp of DNA wound tightly around the highly conserved histone octamer . Nucleosomal DNA from diverse organisms shows an anti-correlated ∼10 bp periodicity of AT-rich and GC-rich dinucleotides . These sequence features influence DNA ben... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"genome",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"chromatin"
] | 2014 | Nucleosomes Shape DNA Polymorphism and Divergence |
Cryptosporidiosis has emerged as a leading cause of non-viral diarrhea in children under five years of age in the developing world , yet the current standard of care to treat Cryptosporidium infections , nitazoxanide , demonstrates limited and immune-dependent efficacy . Given the lack of treatments with universal effi... | Diarrheal diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing world . A recent multi-site study investigating diarrheal disease identified Cryptosporidium as one of the leading causes , responsible for upwards of 25% of cases in some regions . Currently approved therapy for cryptosporidiosis is limited... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"oocysts",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"microbiology",
"cryptosporidium",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"animal",
"models",
"apicomplexa",
"model",
"organ... | 2017 | A high-throughput phenotypic screen identifies clofazimine as a potential treatment for cryptosporidiosis |
The accurate diagnosis of sporotrichosis and identification at the species level are critical for public health and appropriate patient management . Compared with morphological identification methods , molecular diagnostic tests are rapid and have high sensitivity and standardized operating processes . Therefore , we d... | Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic infectious disease caused by dimorphic fungi of Sporothrix spp . The genus Sporothrix consists of several species with different geographic distributions , virulence , and antifungal susceptibilities , making species-level identification necessary . S . brasiliensis , S . globosa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"organisms",
"fungi",
"sporotrichosis",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"fungal",
"diseases",
"sporo... | 2019 | Fast diagnosis of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix schenckii, and Sporothrix brasiliensis based on multiplex real-time PCR |
Maintaining levels of calcium in the cytosol is important for many cellular events , including cell migration , where localized regions of high calcium are required to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics , contractility , and adhesion . Studies show inositol-trisphosphate receptors ( IP3R ) and ryanodine receptors ( RyR ) ,... | During growth or regeneration after damage , skin cells migrate from basal to superficial layers , forming tight attachments that protect an individual from environmental assaults . Proteins that remove calcium from the cell cytosol into secretory stores , where it is available for future release , play a key role in s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"structures",
"subcellular",
"organelles",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"morphogenesis",
"biology",
"calcium",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"cytoplasm",... | 2013 | The Secretory Pathway Calcium ATPase PMR-1/SPCA1 Has Essential Roles in Cell Migration during Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Development |
Polycomb proteins are epigenetic regulators that localize to developmental loci in the early embryo where they mediate lineage-specific gene repression . In Drosophila , these repressors are recruited to sequence elements by DNA binding proteins associated with Polycomb repressive complex 2 ( PRC2 ) . However , the seq... | Key developmental genes are precisely turned on or off during development , thus creating a complex , multi-tissue embryo . The mechanism that keeps genes off , or repressed , is crucial to proper development . In embryonic stem cells , Polycomb repressive complex 2 ( PRC2 ) is recruited to the promoters of these devel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"developmental",
"biology/stem",
"cells",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology/chromatin",
"structure"... | 2010 | GC-Rich Sequence Elements Recruit PRC2 in Mammalian ES Cells |
Experimental design attempts to maximise the information available for modelling tasks . An optimal experiment allows the inferred models or parameters to be chosen with the highest expected degree of confidence . If the true system is faithfully reproduced by one of the models , the merit of this approach is clear - w... | Different models of the same process represent distinct hypotheses about reality . These can be decided between within the framework of model selection , where the evidence for each is given by their ability to reproduce a set of experimental data . Even if one of the models is correct , the chances of identifying it c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"control",
"theory",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"signaling",
"networks",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"network",
"analysis",
"complex",
"systems",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"... | 2014 | Model Selection in Systems Biology Depends on Experimental Design |
Ebola virus ( EBOV ) is a significant human pathogen that presents a public health concern as an emerging/re-emerging virus and as a potential biological weapon . Substantial progress has been made over the last decade in developing candidate preventive vaccines that can protect nonhuman primates against EBOV . Among t... | Ebola virus is among the most lethal microbes known to man , with case fatality rates often exceeding 80% . Since its discovery in 1976 , outbreaks have been sporadic and geographically restricted , primarily to areas of Central Africa . However , concern about the natural or unnatural introduction of Ebola outside of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology/vaccines",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virology"
] | 2008 | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Ebola Vaccine Is Well-Tolerated and Protects Immunocompromised Nonhuman Primates |
GATA transcription factors are highly conserved among eukaryotes and play roles in transcription of genes implicated in cancer progression and hematopoiesis . However , although their consensus binding sites have been well defined in vitro , the in vivo selectivity for recognition by GATA factors remains poorly charact... | GATA transcription factors are highly conserved among eukaryotes and play key roles in cancer progression and hematopoiesis . In budding yeast , four GATA transcription factors are involved in the response to the quality of nitrogen supply . Here , we have determined the whole genome binding profile of the Dal80 GATA f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"statistics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"chi",
"square",
"tests",
"mathematics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"transcription",
"factors",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"m... | 2019 | Transcription-dependent spreading of the Dal80 yeast GATA factor across the body of highly expressed genes |
Streptococcus pneumoniae ( pneumococcus ) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes otitis media , sinusitis , pneumonia , meningitis and sepsis . The progression to this pathogenic lifestyle is preceded by asymptomatic colonization of the nasopharynx . This colonization is associated with biofilm formation; the compete... | Pneumococcal biofilms occur in chronic otitis media , chronic rhinosinusitis , and nasopharyngeal colonization . These biofilms are an important component of pneumococcal epidemiology , particularly in influencing transmission , maintenance of asymptomatic colonization , and development of disease . The transcriptional... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"biofilms",
"chinchillas",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pneumococcus",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"genome",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"bact... | 2018 | Function of BriC peptide in the pneumococcal competence and virulence portfolio |
DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) , which are formed by the Spo11 protein , initiate meiotic recombination . Previous DSB-mapping studies have used rad50S or sae2Δ mutants , which are defective in break processing , to accumulate Spo11-linked DSBs , and report large ( ≥ 50 kb ) “DSB-hot” regions that are separated by “... | During meiosis , the two copies of each chromosome present in the full ( diploid ) genome come together and then separate , forming haploid gametes ( sperm and eggs , in animals ) . Recombination , which swaps DNA between chromosomes , is critical for chromosome pairing and separation , and also promotes genetic divers... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Mapping Meiotic Single-Strand DNA Reveals a New Landscape of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Neural populations respond to the repeated presentations of a sensory stimulus with correlated variability . These correlations have been studied in detail , with respect to their mechanistic origin , as well as their influence on stimulus discrimination and on the performance of population codes . A number of theoreti... | The response of neurons to a stimulus is variable across trials . A natural solution for reliable coding in the face of noise is the averaging across a neural population . The nature of this averaging depends on the structure of noise correlations in the neural population . In turn , the correlation structure depends o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"nervous",
"system",
"signal",
"processing",
"signaling",
"networks",
"random",
"variables",
"neuroscience",
"covariance",
"mathematics",
"network",
"analysis",
"computation... | 2018 | Interpretation of correlated neural variability from models of feed-forward and recurrent circuits |
The equine-associated obligate pathogen Burkholderia mallei was developed by reductive evolution involving a substantial portion of the genome from Burkholderia pseudomallei , a free-living opportunistic pathogen . With its short history of divergence ( ∼3 . 5 myr ) , B . mallei provides an excellent resource to study ... | It has been known for some time that bacteria undergo genome-reduction when they transition from a free-living state to a constantly host-restricted state . High levels of IS element expansion were also found in these bacteria , and the IS elements were suggested to play a role in genome reductive evolution . Here we p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | The Early Stage of Bacterial Genome-Reductive Evolution in the Host |
Reporting bias in the literature occurs when there is selective revealing or suppression of results , influenced by the direction of findings . We assessed the risk of reporting bias in the epidemiological literature on health-related behavior ( tobacco , alcohol , diet , physical activity , and sedentary behavior ) an... | In the scientific literature , reporting bias occurs when communication and publication of results are influenced by the direction of findings . Reporting bias can distort scientific evidence and may misguide subsequent clinical and public health efforts . Our study provided an assessment of the degree of reporting bia... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"behavioral",
"and",
"social",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"drugs",
"diet",
"physical",
"activity",
"organic",
"compounds",
"cardiovascular",
"medicine",
"mathematics",
"nutrition",
"statistics",
"(mathema... | 2018 | Reporting bias in the literature on the associations of health-related behaviors and statins with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality |
Filoviruses are capable of causing deadly hemorrhagic fevers . All nonsegmented negative-sense RNA-virus nucleocapsids are composed of a nucleoprotein ( NP ) , a phosphoprotein ( VP35 ) and a polymerase ( L ) . However , the VP30 RNA-synthesis co-factor is unique to the filoviruses . The assembly , structure , and func... | Filoviruses use a system of proteins and RNA to regulate viral RNA genome transcription and replication . Here , we have determined crystal structures and the biological functions of the protein complex formed by the filovirus transcriptional activator , VP30 , and the core component of the nucleocapsid machinery , NP ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"luciferase",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"protein",
"interactions",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
... | 2016 | The Ebola Virus VP30-NP Interaction Is a Regulator of Viral RNA Synthesis |
Larvae of the tapeworm E . multilocularis cause alveolar echinococcosis ( AE ) , one of the most lethal helminthic infections in humans . A population of stem cell-like cells , the germinative cells , is considered to drive the larval growth and development within the host . The molecular mechanisms controlling the beh... | E . multilocularis is considered as one of the most lethal parasitic helminth in humans . It grows like tumors mainly in human liver and infiltrates other tissues , and even metastasizes . It is believed that the parasite possesses a population of stem cell-like cells , the germinative cells . These cells are totipoten... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"processes",
"egfr",
"signaling",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"xenopus",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"amphibians",
"develop... | 2017 | EGF-mediated EGFR/ERK signaling pathway promotes germinative cell proliferation in Echinococcus multilocularis that contributes to larval growth and development |
Paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) is an infectious disease endemic to South America , caused by the thermally dimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides . Currently , there is no effective human vaccine that can be used in prophylactic or therapeutic regimes . We tested the hypothesis that the immunogenicity of the immunodominant C... | Human paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) represents a serious public health issue due to its disabling sequelae in working-age people and mortality rates ( 8th among chronic infectious parasitic diseases in endemic countries and first among mycoses in Brazil ) . Although antifungal drugs have been widely used and provide c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"yeast",
"infections",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vaccines",
"viruses",
"dna",
"viruses",
"fungal",
"di... | 2017 | Recombinant vaccines of a CD4+ T-cell epitope promote efficient control of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis burden by restraining primary organ infection |
The domestication and development of cattle has considerably impacted human societies , but the histories of cattle breeds and populations have been poorly understood especially for African , Asian , and American breeds . Using genotypes from 43 , 043 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers scored in 1 , 543 a... | The DNA of domesticated plants and animals contains information about how species were domesticated , exported , and bred by early farmers . Modern breeds were developed by lengthy and complex processes; however , our use of 134 breeds and new analytical models enabled us to reveal some of the processes that created mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phylogenetics",
"animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"introgression",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"animal",
"management",
"animal",
"breeding",
"hybridization",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"systematics",
"evolutionary",
"proc... | 2014 | Worldwide Patterns of Ancestry, Divergence, and Admixture in Domesticated Cattle |
The life cycle of HPV is tied to the differentiation status of its host cell , with productive replication , late gene expression and virion production restricted to the uppermost layers of the stratified epithelium . HPV DNA is histone-associated , exhibiting a chromatin structure similar to that of the host chromosom... | High-risk HPVs are associated with multiple human cancers , most notably cervical cancer . Understanding mechanisms by which HPV co-opts cellular pathways to replicate could identify potential therapeutic targets . The HPV genome is associated with histones in a manner similar to that of cellular DNA , but how histone ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
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"microbiology",
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"viruses",
"developmental",
"biology",
"dna",
"viruses",
"hpv-31",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"chromati... | 2018 | SETD2-dependent H3K36me3 plays a critical role in epigenetic regulation of the HPV31 life cycle |
The plantation sector in Sri Lanka lags behind the rest of the country in terms of living conditions and health . In 1992 , a sector-wide survey of children aged 3–12 years and women of reproductive age showed >90% prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections . Biannual mass de-worming targeting children aged 3–1... | Mass de-worming of pre-school and school-age children was introduced in Sri Lanka's plantation sector in 1994 after a survey showed that >90% of children and women of reproductive age were infected with intestinal worms . The present study was carried out to assess the status of infection four years after mass de-wormi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"soil-transmitted",
"helminths",
"trichuriasis",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"hookworm",
"ascariasis"
] | 2011 | Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Plantation Sector Schoolchildren in Sri Lanka: Prevalence after Ten Years of Preventive Chemotherapy |
Recent experimental and computational studies suggest that linearly correlated sets of parameters ( intrinsic and synaptic properties of neurons ) allow central pattern-generating networks to produce and maintain their rhythmic activity regardless of changing internal and external conditions . To determine the role of ... | Central pattern-generating networks ( CPGs ) must be remarkably robust , maintaining functional rhythmic activity despite fluctuations in internal and external conditions . Recent experimental evidence suggests that this robustness is achieved by the coordinated regulation of many membrane and synaptic current paramete... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"circuit",
"models",
"animal",
"models",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"model",
"organisms",
"neural",
"networks",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | Identifying Crucial Parameter Correlations Maintaining Bursting Activity |
Thermophilic enzymes are often less active than their mesophilic homologues at low temperatures . One hypothesis to explain this observation is that the extra stabilizing interactions increase the rigidity of thermophilic enzymes and hence reduce their activity . Here we employed a thermophilic acylphosphatase from Pyr... | Although enzymes from thermophiles thriving in hot habitats are more stable than their mesophilic homologs , they are often less active at low temperatures . One theory suggests that extra stabilizing interactions found in thermophilic enzymes may increase their rigidity and decrease enzymatic activity at lower tempera... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"enzymes",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics"
] | 2011 | A Rigidifying Salt-Bridge Favors the Activity of Thermophilic Enzyme at High Temperatures at the Expense of Low-Temperature Activity |
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ( EPEC ) strains are defined as extracellular pathogens which nucleate actin rich pedestal-like membrane extensions on intestinal enterocytes to which they intimately adhere . EPEC infection is mediated by type III secretion system effectors , which modulate host cell signaling . Recen... | Enteropathogenic E . coli ( EPEC ) is an important diarrheal pathogen responsible for significant infant mortality in the developing world and is increasingly associated with sporadic outbreaks in the developed world . The virulence strategy of EPEC revolves around a conserved Type 3 secretion system ( T3SS ) which tra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2009 | The T3SS Effector EspT Defines a New Category of Invasive Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Which Form Intracellular Actin Pedestals |
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved hair-like structures with a wide spectrum of key biological roles , and their dysfunction has been linked to a growing class of genetic disorders , known collectively as ciliopathies . Many strides have been made towards deciphering the molecular causes for these diseases , which have... | The flagellated tails of sperm cells require a stringent developmental process that is essential for motility and fertility . The components that comprise the sperm tail assemble in regulated steps with protein processing , transport , and structural assembly dependent on each other for sperm tail maturity . In this wo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"microtubules",
"sperm",
"head",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"... | 2019 | Mutations in ARL2BP, a protein required for ciliary microtubule structure, cause syndromic male infertility in humans and mice |
The bacterial PorB porin , an ATP-binding β-barrel protein of pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae , triggers host cell apoptosis by an unknown mechanism . PorB is targeted to and imported by host cell mitochondria , causing the breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential ( ΔΨm ) . Here , we show that PorB induces th... | PorB is a bacterial porin that plays an important role in the pathogenicity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Upon infection with these bacteria , PorB is transported into mitochondria of infected cells , causing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and eventually leading to apoptotic cell death . Here , we show that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"in... | 2009 | Bacterial Porin Disrupts Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Sensitizes Host Cells to Apoptosis |
Mammalian meiocytes feature four meiosis-specific cohesin proteins in addition to ubiquitous ones , but the roles of the individual cohesin complexes are incompletely understood . To decipher the functions of the two meiosis-specific kleisins , REC8 or RAD21L , together with the only meiosis-specific SMC protein SMC1β ... | Unlike somatic cells , which feature two different cohesin complexes , in spermatocytes at least six distinct cohesin complexes form , whose concerted functions are little understood . This study focuses on three meiosis-specific cohesins . Meiosis features specific chromosome structures and dynamics , and we revealed ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"chromosome",
"staining",
"spermatocytes",
"immunofluorescence",
"staining",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"centromeres",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"chromatids",
"germ",
"cells",
"telomeres",
"sperm",
"re... | 2016 | Distinct Roles of Meiosis-Specific Cohesin Complexes in Mammalian Spermatogenesis |
Previous studies have shown that leprosy multi-drug therapy ( MDT ) does not stop the progression of nerve function impairment . There are no prospective studies investigating the evolution of nerve anatomic abnormalities after treatment . We examined leprosy patients aiming to investigate the evolution of nerve ultras... | Leprosy can lead to functional and anatomical changes in the peripheral nerves . Previous studies have shown that the anti-bacterial treatment cannot stop the progression of nerve function abnormalities; to our knowledge , there are no previous prospective studies investigating the evolution of nerve anatomical abnorma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"ultrasound",
"imaging",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nervous",
"system",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"neuroscience",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"research... | 2016 | Ultrasonography of Leprosy Neuropathy: A Longitudinal Prospective Study |
The exacting nutritional requirements and complicated life cycles of parasites mean that they are not always amenable to high-throughput drug screening using automated procedures . Therefore , we have engineered the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to act as a surrogate for expressing anti-parasitic targets from a range ... | Parasites kill millions of people every year and leave countless others with chronic debilitating disease . These diseases , which include malaria and sleeping sickness , mainly affect people in developing countries . For this reason , few drugs have been developed to treat them . To make matters worse , many parasites... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Functional Expression of Parasite Drug Targets and Their Human Orthologs in Yeast |
Morphology typically enhances the fidelity of sensory systems . Sharks , skates , and rays have a well-developed electrosense that presents strikingly unique morphologies . Here , we model the dynamics of the peripheral electrosensory system of the skate , a dorsally flattened batoid , moving near an electric dipole so... | The electric sense appears in a variety of animals , from the shark to the platypus , and it facilitates short-range prey detection where environments limit sight . Typically , hundreds or thousands of sensors work in concert . In skates , rays , and sharks , each electrosensor includes a small , innervated bulb , with... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"vertebrates",
"physics",
"eukaryotes",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"neuroscience",
"animals"
] | 2007 | From Morphology to Neural Information: The Electric Sense of the Skate |
Systemic inflammation and sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes are central processes in the pathophysiology of severe Plasmodium falciparum childhood malaria . However , it is still not understood why some children are more at risks to develop malaria complications than others . To identify human proteins in plasm... | Why do some malaria-infected children develop severe and lethal forms of the disease , while others only have mild forms ? In order to try to find potential answers or clues to this question , we have here analyzed more than 1 , 000 different human proteins in the blood of more than 500 malaria-infected children from I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"proteomics",
"malaria",
"biomarkers",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Affinity Proteomics Reveals Elevated Muscle Proteins in Plasma of Children with Cerebral Malaria |
Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) in Brazil is a neglected , vector-borne , tropical parasitic disease that is responsible for several thousand human deaths every year . The transmission route involves sand flies becoming infected after feeding on infected reservoir host , mainly dogs , and then transmitting the Leishmania... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is an insect transmitted , tropical parasitic disease and in Brazil it causes thousands of human deaths every year . Domestic dogs can also be infected , and they are a risk factor for people . The Brazilian Ministry of Health tries to control the disease in 3 ways; first by reducing the p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"dogs",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"mammals",
"organisms",
"protozoans",
"veterinary",
"diagnostics",
"leishm... | 2019 | eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil |
Long-chain flavodoxins , ubiquitous electron shuttles containing flavin mononucleotide ( FMN ) as prosthetic group , play an important protective role against reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in various microorganisms . Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which frequently has to face ROS toxicity in the ... | Coping with toxic reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) generated as by-products of aerobic metabolism is a major challenge for O2-thriving organisms , which deploy multilevel responses to prevent ROS-triggered damage , including membrane modifications , induction of antioxidant and repair systems and/or replacement of ROS-s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2014 | A Long-Chain Flavodoxin Protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Oxidative Stress and Host Bacterial Clearance |
Despite the high degree of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase ( RT ) mutation in the setting of antiretroviral therapy , the spectrum of possible virus variants appears to be limited by patterns of amino acid covariation . We analyzed patterns of amino acid covariation in protease and RT sequences from more than ... | The identification of which mutations in a protein covary has played a major role in both structural and evolutionary biology . Covariation analysis has been used to help predict unsolved protein structures and to better understand the functions of proteins with known structures . The large number of published genetic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"mathematics",
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | HIV-1 Subtype B Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Amino Acid Covariation |
In human B cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) , latency-associated virus gene products inhibit expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family member Bim and enhance cell survival . This involves the activities of the EBV nuclear proteins EBNA3A and EBNA3C and appears to be predominantly directed at regulating... | Bim is a cellular inducer of programmed cell death ( pcd ) , so the level of Bim is a critical regulator of lymphocyte survival and reduced expression enhances lymphomagenesis in mice and humans . Regulation of Bim is uniquely important in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma ( BL ) , since in this human childhood ca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"cell",
"biology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology",
"virology",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"methylati... | 2009 | Epstein-Barr Virus Latency in B Cells Leads to Epigenetic Repression and CpG Methylation of the Tumour Suppressor Gene Bim |
Species are linked to each other by a myriad of positive and negative interactions . This complex spectrum of interactions constitutes a network of links that mediates ecological communities’ response to perturbations , such as exploitation and climate change . In the last decades , there have been great advances in th... | Within an ecosystem , species interact with each other in many different ways , including predation , competition , and facilitation , and this can be modelled as a network of multiple interaction types . The variety of interaction types that link species to each other has long been recognized but has rarely been synth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"community",
"ecology",
"conservation",
"biology",
"conservation",
"science",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"species",
"extinction",
"ecology",
"species",
"delimitation",
"food",
"web",
"structure",
"predation",
"trophic",
"interactions",
"speciation",
"b... | 2016 | How Structured Is the Entangled Bank? The Surprisingly Simple Organization of Multiplex Ecological Networks Leads to Increased Persistence and Resilience |
Common genetic variation could alter the risk for developing bladder cancer . We conducted a large-scale evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in candidate genes for cancer to identify common variants that influence bladder cancer risk . An Illumina GoldenGate assay was used to genotype 1 , 433 SNPs wi... | This article reports findings from a large-scale evaluation of common variation in candidate genes for cancer to identify variants that influence bladder cancer risk . We first evaluated 1 , 433 common variants within or near 386 genes in a large case-control study in Spain . The most significant finding was the gene c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology"
] | 2007 | Large-Scale Evaluation of Candidate Genes Identifies Associations between VEGF Polymorphisms and Bladder Cancer Risk |
Visceral leishmaniasis has emerged as an important opportunistic disease among patients infected with HIV-1 . Both HIV-1 and the protozoan parasite Leishmania can productively infect cells of the macrophage-dendritic cell lineage . Here we demonstrate that Leishmania infantum amastigotes increase HIV-1 production when ... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a potentially deadly parasitic disease afflicting millions worldwide . Although itself an important infectious illness , VL has also emerged as an opportunistic disease among patients infected with HIV-1 . This is partly due to the increasing overlap between urban regions of high HIV-1 ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"infectious",
... | 2009 | Leishmania infantum Amastigotes Enhance HIV-1 Production in Cocultures of Human Dendritic Cells and CD4+ T Cells by Inducing Secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α |
Traditional protein annotation methods describe known domains with probabilistic models representing consensus among homologous domain sequences . However , when relevant signals become too weak to be identified by a global consensus , attempts for annotation fail . Here we address the fundamental question of domain id... | Current sequence databases contain hundreds of billions of nucleotides coding for genes and a classification of these sequences is a primary problem in genomics . A reasonable way to organize these sequences is through their predicted domains , but the identification of domains in very divergent sequences , spanning th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"taxonomy",
"parasite",
"groups",
"plasmodium",
"parasitology",
"apicomplexa",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"genome",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"m... | 2016 | Improvement in Protein Domain Identification Is Reached by Breaking Consensus, with the Agreement of Many Profiles and Domain Co-occurrence |
It has been proposed that the sensorimotor system uses a loss ( cost ) function to evaluate potential movements in the presence of random noise . Here we test this idea in the context of both error-based and reinforcement-based learning . In a reaching task , we laterally shifted a cursor relative to true hand position... | Whether serving a tennis ball on a gusty day or walking over an unpredictable surface , the human nervous system has a remarkable ability to account for uncertainty when performing goal-directed actions . Here we address how different types of feedback , error and reinforcement , are used to guide such behavior during ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"control",
"theory",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"nervous",
"system",
"social",
"sciences",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"control",
"engineering",
"probability",
"distribu... | 2017 | Dissociating error-based and reinforcement-based loss functions during sensorimotor learning |
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection that afflicts approximately 12 million people worldwide . There are several limitations to the approved drug therapies for leishmaniasis , including moderate to severe toxicity , growing drug resistance , and the need for extended dosing . Moreover , miltefosine is currently the o... | Leishmaniasis , caused by the protozoa of the Leishmania species , represents a spectrum of diseases that afflicts roughly 12 million individuals worldwide . Current drug therapies for this parasitic disease are suboptimal because they are toxic , expensive , difficult to administer , and subject to drug resistance . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimenta... | 2017 | Discovery of novel, orally bioavailable, antileishmanial compounds using phenotypic screening |
The methionine salvage pathway is responsible for regenerating methionine from its derivative , methylthioadenosine . The complete set of enzymes of the methionine pathway has been previously described in bacteria . Despite its importance , the pathway has only been fully described in one eukaryotic organism , yeast . ... | Fusion genes , composed of the complete sequence of two or more other genes , are excellent markers of evolution . In addition , fused genes are usually composed of genes with related functions , which makes them useful in inferring function when the function of one of their components is known . We detected a fusion g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | 1+1 = 3: A Fusion of 2 Enzymes in the Methionine Salvage Pathway of Tetrahymena thermophila Creates a Trifunctional Enzyme That Catalyzes 3 Steps in the Pathway |
The folding pathway and rate coefficients of the folding of a knotted protein are calculated for a potential energy function with minimal energetic frustration . A kinetic transition network is constructed using the discrete path sampling approach , and the resulting potential energy surface is visualized by constructi... | Proteins are chains , which must fold into a compact structure for the molecule to perform its biological function . There are a large number of ways the molecule can move into this final shape . Proteins have evolved sequences that perform this difficult task by having strong biases toward the final shape , while not ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"biophysics/protein",
"folding"
] | 2010 | The Energy Landscape, Folding Pathways and the Kinetics of a Knotted Protein |
The clinical presentation of M . ulcerans disease and the safety and effectiveness of treatment may differ in elderly compared with younger populations related to relative immune defficiencies , co-morbidities and drug interactions . However , elderly populations with M . ulcerans disease have not been comprehensively ... | Mycobacterium ulcerans is an infection that can affect all age-groups . It causes necrosis of skin and soft-tissue often resulting in severe outcomes and long-term disability . However , due to the majority of infections worldwide occurring in children and young adults , there is a paucity of information available in e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Mycobacterium ulcerans in the Elderly: More Severe Disease and Suboptimal Outcomes |
Humans employ a high degree of redundancy in joint actuation , with different combinations of muscle and tendon action providing the same net joint torque . Both the resolution of these redundancies and the energetics of such systems depend on the dynamic properties of muscles and tendons , particularly their force-len... | Neuromuscular systems often employ redundancy in joint actuation , with different combinations of muscle and tendon action producing the same net joint torque . Both the resolution of these redundancies and the energetics of such systems depend strongly on the force-length relations of muscles and tendons . Many human ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"biomechanics",
"optimization",
"mathematics",
"pelvis",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"muscle",
"electrophysiology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
... | 2016 | Human Leg Model Predicts Muscle Forces, States, and Energetics during Walking |
The world is continuously urbanising , resulting in clusters of densely populated urban areas and more sparsely populated rural areas . We propose a method for generating spatial fields with controllable levels of clustering of the population . We build a synthetic country , and use this method to generate versions of ... | We study the interplay between urbanisation and infectious disease spread . As part of the worldwide urbanisation process , people are continuously moving to urban areas , and the cities are growing in size . This causes clusters of areas with high population density and clusters of areas with low population density , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"influenza",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"human",
"mobility",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"rural",
"areas",
"norway",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunization",
"human",
"geography",
"public",
"and",... | 2019 | A theoretical single-parameter model for urbanisation to study infectious disease spread and interventions |
Multivariate statistical techniques such as principal components analysis ( PCA ) and multidimensional scaling ( MDS ) have been widely used to summarize the structure of human genetic variation , often in easily visualized two-dimensional maps . Many recent studies have reported similarity between geographic maps of p... | The spatial pattern of human genetic variation provides a basis for investigating the history of human migrations . Statistical techniques such as principal components analysis ( PCA ) and multidimensional scaling ( MDS ) have been used to summarize spatial patterns of genetic variation , typically by placing individua... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | A Quantitative Comparison of the Similarity between Genes and Geography in Worldwide Human Populations |
The microbial conversion of solid cellulosic biomass to liquid biofuels may provide a renewable energy source for transportation fuels . Endophytes represent a promising group of organisms , as they are a mostly untapped reservoir of metabolic diversity . They are often able to degrade cellulose , and they can produce ... | A renewable source of energy is a pressing global need . The biological conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels by microorganisms presents a promising avenue , but few organisms have been studied thoroughly enough to develop the genetic tools necessary for rigorous experimentation . The filamentous-fungal endophyte A ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"genomics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Genomic Analysis of the Hydrocarbon-Producing, Cellulolytic, Endophytic Fungus Ascocoryne sarcoides |
Precise neuronal networks underlie normal brain function and require distinct classes of synaptic connections . Although it has been shown that certain individual proteins can localize to different classes of synapses , the biochemical composition of specific synapse types is not known . Here , we have used a combinati... | The brain is composed of many different types of neurons that form very specific connections: synapses are formed with specific cellular partners and on precise subcellular domains . It has been proposed that different combinations of molecules encode the specificity of neuronal connections , implying the existence of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Proteomic Studies of a Single CNS Synapse Type: The Parallel Fiber/Purkinje Cell Synapse |
Uncertainty of fear conditioning is crucial for the acquisition and extinction of fear memory . Fear memory acquired through partial pairings of a conditioned stimulus ( CS ) and an unconditioned stimulus ( US ) is more resistant to extinction than that acquired through full pairings; this effect is known as the partia... | Animals live in environments that contain uncertainty . To adapt to uncertain situations , they flexibly learn to associate environmental cues with rewards and punishments . Understanding how the brain processes uncertainty has remained an important issue in neuroscience . To address this question , we focused on neura... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"fear",
"synaptic",
"plasticity",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"cognition",
"memory",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"emotions",
"animal",
"c... | 2016 | Uncertainty-Dependent Extinction of Fear Memory in an Amygdala-mPFC Neural Circuit Model |
We here compared pathogenic ( p ) and non-pathogenic ( np ) isolates of Entamoeba histolytica to identify molecules involved in the ability of this parasite to induce amoebic liver abscess ( ALA ) -like lesions in two rodent models for the disease . We performed a comprehensive analysis of 12 clones ( A1–A12 ) derived ... | The pathogen Entamoeba histolytica can live asymptomatically in the human gut , or it can disrupt the intestinal barrier and induce life-threatening abscesses in different organs , most often in the liver . The molecular framework that enables this invasive , highly pathogenic phenotype is still not well understood . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"trophozoites",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"cloning",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"apicomplexa",
"protozoans",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"molecular"... | 2016 | Overexpression of Differentially Expressed Genes Identified in Non-pathogenic and Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica Clones Allow Identification of New Pathogenicity Factors Involved in Amoebic Liver Abscess Formation |
While most processes in biology are highly deterministic , stochastic mechanisms are sometimes used to increase cellular diversity . In human and Drosophila eyes , photoreceptors sensitive to different wavelengths of light are distributed in stochastic patterns , and one such patterning system has been analyzed in deta... | A simple model is able to account for a diversity of photoreceptor patterns in different fly species , ranging from highly deterministic to fully random . | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ocular",
"anatomy",
"social",
"sciences",
"light",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"phase",
"diagrams",
"network",... | 2018 | Patterning the insect eye: From stochastic to deterministic mechanisms |
In a forward genetic screen for regulators of pancreas development in zebrafish , we identified donuts908 , a mutant which exhibits failed outgrowth of the exocrine pancreas . The s908 mutation leads to a leucine to arginine substitution in the ectodomain of the hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF ) tyrosine kinase receptor... | The pancreas functions as an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes hormones regulating blood glucose homeostasis , and pancreatic juice that aids the digestion and absorption of nutrients , respectively . Contrary to endocrine tissue development , that of the exocrine pancreas has received less attention . We cond... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"migration",
"genetics",
"biology",
"morphogenesis",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2013 | Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling in Intrapancreatic Ductal Cells Drives Pancreatic Morphogenesis |
The four dengue virus serotypes ( DENV1–4 ) cause the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans worldwide . In 2009 , Nicaragua experienced the largest dengue epidemic in over a decade , marked by unusual clinical presentation , as observed in two prospective studies of pediatric dengue in Managua . ... | Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans worldwide . The four dengue virus serotypes ( DENV1–4 ) cause Dengue Fever and more severe life-threatening syndromes . In 2009 , Nicaragua experienced the largest dengue epidemic in over a decade . In a hospital-based study and community-based ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"virology",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | Unusual Dengue Virus 3 Epidemic in Nicaragua, 2009 |
The heavy consumption of ethanol can lead to alcohol use disorders ( AUDs ) which impact patients , their families , and societies . Yet the genetic and physiological factors that predispose humans to AUDs remain unclear . One hypothesis is that alterations in mitochondrial function modulate neuronal sensitivity to eth... | Alcohol use disorders ( AUDs ) affect millions of patients worldwide and result in high social and economic burdens . Although environmental factors are involved , there are clear genetic components to AUDs . Both the acute sedating effect of alcohol exposure and alcohol tolerance contribute to long term risk for alcoh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | TSPO, a Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein, Controls Ethanol-Related Behaviors in Drosophila |
The intestinal microbiota is a microbial ecosystem of crucial importance to human health . Understanding how the microbiota confers resistance against enteric pathogens and how antibiotics disrupt that resistance is key to the prevention and cure of intestinal infections . We present a novel method to infer microbial c... | Recent advances in DNA sequencing and metagenomics are opening a window into the human microbiome revealing novel associations between certain microbial consortia and disease . However , most of these studies are cross-sectional and lack a mechanistic understanding of this ecosystem's structure and its response to exte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Ecological Modeling from Time-Series Inference: Insight into Dynamics and Stability of Intestinal Microbiota |
Studies of neuron-behaviour correlation and causal manipulation have long been used separately to understand the neural basis of perception . Yet these approaches sometimes lead to drastically conflicting conclusions about the functional role of brain areas . Theories that focus only on choice-related neuronal activity... | The neocortex is structurally organized into distinct brain areas . The role of specific brain areas in sensory perception is typically studied using two kinds of laboratory experiments: those that measure correlations between neural activity and reported percepts , and those that inactivate a brain region and measure ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"decision",
"making",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"electronics",
"social",
"sciences",
"random",
"variables",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"covariance",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"cognition",
"vision",
"neuronal",
... | 2018 | Inferring decoding strategies for multiple correlated neural populations |
The frontal cortex controls behavioral adaptation in environments governed by complex rules . Many studies have established the relevance of firing rate modulation after informative events signaling whether and how to update the behavioral policy . However , whether the spatiotemporal features of these neuronal activit... | In classical views of how information is processed in the brain , cognitive areas are often thought to encode incoming signals by a simple summation of spikes—action potentials fired by neurons and transmitted along the nerves—elicited by different cues . It is through this summation of spikes that cognitive areas are ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Spatiotemporal Spike Coding of Behavioral Adaptation in the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex |
Known protein coding gene exons compose less than 3% of the human genome . The remaining 97% is largely uncharted territory , with only a small fraction characterized . The recent observation of transcription in this intergenic territory has stimulated debate about the extent of intergenic transcription and whether the... | Much of the human genome is composed of intergenic sequence , the regions between genes . Intergenic sequence was once thought to be transcriptionally silent “junk DNA , ” but it has recently become apparent that intergenic regions can be transcribed . However , the scope , nature , and identity of this intergenic tran... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Pervasive Transcription of the Human Genome Produces Thousands of Previously Unidentified Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs |
Colonization and disruption of the epithelium is a major infection mechanism of mucosal pathogens . The epithelium counteracts infection by exfoliating damaged cells while maintaining the mucosal barrier function . The sexually transmitted bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae ( GC ) infects the female reproductive tract pri... | Neisseria gonorrhoeae ( GC ) infects human genital epithelium causing gonorrhea , a common sexually transmitted infection . Gonorrhea is a critical public health issue due to increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains . Because humans are the only host for GC , a lack of a human infection model has been a maj... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"membrane",
"staining",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"cytoplasmic",
"staining",
"molecular",
"motors",
"actin",
"motors",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"motor",
"proteins",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"me... | 2017 | Neisseria gonorrhoeae infects the human endocervix by activating non-muscle myosin II-mediated epithelial exfoliation |
Deciphering the mechanisms of regulation of metabolic networks subjected to perturbations , including disease states and drug-induced stress , relies on tracing metabolic fluxes . One of the most informative data to predict metabolic fluxes are 13C based metabolomics , which provide information about how carbons are re... | 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis ( 13C MFA ) is a well-established technique that has proven to be a valuable tool in quantifying the metabolic flux profile of central carbon metabolism . When a biological system is incubated with a 13C-labeled substrate , 13C propagates to metabolites throughout the metabolic network in a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"glucose",
"metabolism",
"metabolites",
"network",
"analysis",
"pharmacology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"drug",
"metabolism",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"metho... | 2019 | p13CMFA: Parsimonious 13C metabolic flux analysis |
Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies ( bNAbs ) isolated from infected subjects display protective potential in animal models . Their elicitation by immunization is thus highly desirable . The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein ( Env ) is the sole viral target of bnAbs , but is also targeted by binding , non-neutralizing anti... | Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies ( bNAbs ) display protective potentials against experimental animal infection and thus are believed to be a key component of an effective HIV vaccine . bNAbs are derived from B cells that express B cell receptors formed by specific VH/VL alleles . We report that the variable domain... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"viral",
"structure",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"antibodies",
"antibody",
"re... | 2018 | B cell clonal lineage alterations upon recombinant HIV-1 envelope immunization of rhesus macaques |
We propose a working hypothesis supported by numerical simulations that brain networks evolve based on the principle of the maximization of their internal information flow capacity . We find that synchronous behavior and capacity of information flow of the evolved networks reproduce well the same behaviors observed in ... | The study of the function of the brain is of primordial importance in neuroscience . Several brain models have been studied so far that take into account higher level functions of the external stimulus and the behavioral response attributed to ensembles of neurons of cortical areas . If the brain learns by maximizing t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Do Brain Networks Evolve by Maximizing Their Information Flow Capacity? |
Human mobility is a key component of large-scale spatial-transmission models of infectious diseases . Correctly modeling and quantifying human mobility is critical for improving epidemic control , but may be hindered by data incompleteness or unavailability . Here we explore the opportunity of using proxies for individ... | The spatial dissemination of a directly transmitted infectious disease in a population is driven by population movements from one region to another allowing mixing and importation . Public health policy and planning may thus be more accurate if reliable descriptions of population movements can be considered in the epid... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"population",
"modeling",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | On the Use of Human Mobility Proxies for Modeling Epidemics |
Microbial symbionts can modulate host interactions with biotic and abiotic factors . Such interactions may affect the evolutionary trajectories of both host and symbiont . Wolbachia protects Drosophila melanogaster against several viral infections and the strength of the protection varies between variants of this endos... | Animals live in close association with microbial partners that can shape many aspects of their lives . For instance , several insects carry bacteria that defend them against parasites and infectious diseases . The intracellular bacterium Wolbachia protects the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster against viral infection .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"wolbachia",
"para... | 2016 | Drosophila Adaptation to Viral Infection through Defensive Symbiont Evolution |
Metagenomic sequencing has contributed important new knowledge about the microbes that live in a symbiotic relationship with humans . With modern sequencing technology it is possible to generate large numbers of sequencing reads from a metagenome but analysis of the data is challenging . Here we present the bioinformat... | Our bodies are home to a myriad of microbial cells and our intestinal tract is especially densely populated with bacteria . Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota have been associated with common human diseases . By sequencing the genomes of the microbes , the metagenome , detailed information about who i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"metagenomics",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Metagenomic Data Utilization and Analysis (MEDUSA) and Construction of a Global Gut Microbial Gene Catalogue |
Myosin-I molecular motors are proposed to function as linkers between membranes and the actin cytoskeleton in several cellular processes , but their role in the biosynthesis of fungal secondary metabolites remain elusive . Here , we found that the myosin I of Fusarium graminearum ( FgMyo1 ) , the causal agent of Fusari... | The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol ( DON ) is the most frequently detected secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium graminearum and other Fusarium spp . To date , relatively few studies have addressed how mycotoxin biosynthesis occurs in fungal cells . Here we found that myosin I governs translation of DON biosynthetic enzy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"endoplasmic",
"reticulum",
"cell",
"processes",
"fungal",
"structure",
"toxic",
"agents",
"toxicology",
"molecular",
"motors",
"actin",
"motors",
"cellular",
"structures",
... | 2018 | The fungal myosin I is essential for Fusarium toxisome formation |
Substantial evidence suggests that the phasic activity of dopamine neurons represents reinforcement learning’s temporal difference prediction error . However , recent reports of ramp-like increases in dopamine concentration in the striatum when animals are about to act , or are about to reach rewards , appear to pose a... | Dopamine has long been implicated in reward-motivated behaviour . Theory and experiments suggest that activity of dopamine-containing neurons resembles a temporally-sophisticated prediction error used to learn expectations of future reward . This account would appear to be inconsistent with recent observations of ‘ramp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"and",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Tamping Ramping: Algorithmic, Implementational, and Computational Explanations of Phasic Dopamine Signals in the Accumbens |
The propensity of segmental duplications ( SDs ) to promote genomic instability is of increasing interest since their involvement in numerous human genomic diseases and cancers was revealed . However , the mechanism ( s ) responsible for their appearance remain mostly speculative . Here , we show that in budding yeast ... | Duplications of long segments of chromosomes are frequently observed in multicellular organisms ( ∼5% of our genome , for instance ) . They appear as a fundamental trait of the recent genome evolution in great apes and are often associated with chromosomal instability , capable of increasing genetic polymorphism among ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Segmental Duplications Arise from Pol32-Dependent Repair of Broken Forks through Two Alternative Replication-Based Mechanisms |
Pathogens , which alternate between environmental reservoirs and a mammalian host , frequently use thermal sensing devices to adjust virulence gene expression . Here , we identify the Yersinia virulence regulator RovA as a protein thermometer . Thermal shifts encountered upon host entry lead to a reversible conformatio... | Temperature is one of the most crucial environmental signals sensed by pathogens to adjust expression of their virulence factors and host survival programs after entry from a cold external environment into a warm-blooded host . Thermo-induced structural changes in bent or supercoiled DNA or mRNA secondary structures ar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/post-translational",
"regulation",
"of",
"gene",
"expression",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2009 | Intrinsic Thermal Sensing Controls Proteolysis of Yersinia Virulence Regulator RovA |
Many bacteria are able to efficiently bind and take up double-stranded DNA fragments , and the resulting natural transformation shapes bacterial genomes , transmits antibiotic resistance , and allows escape from immune surveillance . The genomes of many competent pathogens show evidence of extensive historical recombin... | The ability of bacteria to acquire genetic information from their relatives—called natural competence—poses a major health risk , since recombination between pathogenic bacterial lineages can help bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics and adapt to host defenses . In this study we transformed competent cells of the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Transformation of Natural Genetic Variation into Haemophilus Influenzae Genomes |
As an important vector of dengue and Zika , Aedes albopictus has been the fastest spreading invasive mosquitoes in the world over the last 3–4 decades . Cold tolerance is important for survival and expansion of insects . Ae . albopictus adults are generally considered to be cold-intolerant that cannot survive at subzer... | Aedes albopictus is one of two most important vectors for dengue and zika . During the last 3–4 decades , this mosquito has spread from native Asian area to all continents except Antarctica , becoming the most invasive mosquitoes which imposed extensive public health threat to human beings throughout the world . Cold t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"monomers",
"carbohydrates",
"animals",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"cold",
"hardiness",
"insect",
"vectors",
"polymer",
"chemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"a... | 2019 | Water-induced strong protection against acute exposure to low subzero temperature of adult Aedes albopictus |
Transcriptional reprogramming of macrophages upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection is widely studied; however , the significance of alternate splicing ( AS ) in shaping cellular responses to mycobacterial infections is not yet appreciated . Alternate splicing can influence transcript stability or structure ... | Eukaryotic gene expression is a complex process where several intermediary processing steps of transcripts are required before translation can take place . Change in gene expression is a fundamental means through which cells adapt to environmental cues or stimuli like infections . The professional phagocytes macrophage... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"vesicles",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunology",
"phagosomes",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"bacteria",
"small",
"interfering",
"rnas",
"... | 2017 | Alternate splicing of transcripts shape macrophage response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection |
A pervasive case of cost-benefit problem is how to allocate effort over time , i . e . deciding when to work and when to rest . An economic decision perspective would suggest that duration of effort is determined beforehand , depending on expected costs and benefits . However , the literature on exercise performance em... | Imagine that ahead of you is a long time of work: when will you take a break ? This sort of issue – how to allocate effort over time – has been addressed by distinct theoretical fields , with different emphasis on reactive and predictive processes . An intuitive view is that you start working , stop when you are tired ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"making",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"human",
"performance",
"cognition",
"behavior",
"consciousness",
"pain",
"psychology",
"pain",
"management",
"moti... | 2014 | How the Brain Decides When to Work and When to Rest: Dissociation of Implicit-Reactive from Explicit-Predictive Computational Processes |
Like other domesticates , the efficient utilization of nitrogen resources is also important for the only fully domesticated insect , the silkworm . Deciphering the way in which artificial selection acts on the silkworm genome to improve the utilization of nitrogen resources and to advance human-favored domestication tr... | Like other domesticates , nitrogen resources are also important for the only fully domesticated insect , the silkworm . Deciphering the way in which artificial selection acts on the silkworm genome to improve the utilization of nitrogen resources , thereby advancing human-favored domestication traits , will provide clu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"animal",
"types",
"moths",
"and",
"butterflies",
"artificial",
"selection",
"domestic",
"animals",
"animals",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"silkworms",
"zoology",
"nutrient",
"and",
"storage",
"proteins",
"proteins",
"insects",
"animal",
"genomics",
"ar... | 2019 | Artificial selection on storage protein 1 possibly contributes to increase of hatchability during silkworm domestication |
The ortholog conjecture implies that functional similarity between orthologous genes is higher than between paralogs . It has been supported using levels of expression and Gene Ontology term analysis , although the evidence was rather weak and there were also conflicting reports . In this study on 12 species we provide... | From specific examples , it has been assumed by comparative biologists that the same gene in different species has the same function , whereas duplication of a gene inside one species to create several copies allows them to acquire different functions . Yet this model was little tested until recently , and then has pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"vertebrates",
"mice",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"analysis",
"of",
"variance",
"amphibians",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome",
"analysis",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"mathematical",
"and",
"statistical"... | 2016 | Tissue-Specificity of Gene Expression Diverges Slowly between Orthologs, and Rapidly between Paralogs |
Understanding the roles of neutrophils and macrophages in fighting bacterial infections is a critical issue in human pathologies . Although phagocytic killing has been extensively studied , little is known about how bacteria are eliminated extracellularly in live vertebrates . We have recently developed an infection mo... | Deciphering the defence mechanisms of leukocytes remains a challenge for public health . Although phagocytic killing has been extensively studied , little is known about how bacteria are eliminated extracellularly in live vertebrates . Herein we use the notochord infection model in the zebrafish embryo to describe how ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"light",
"microscopy",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"developmental",
"biology",
"microscopy",
"embryos",
"neutrophils",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"met... | 2018 | Neutrophils use superoxide to control bacterial infection at a distance |
The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is a natural plague focus and is the largest such focus in China . In this area , while Marmota himalayana is the primary host , a total of 18 human plague outbreaks associated with Tibetan sheep ( 78 cases with 47 deaths ) have been reported on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau since 1956 . All of th... | Plague is mainly a disease of wild rodents , and their parasitic fleas are considered the transmitting vectors . However , human plague originating from Ovis aries ( Tibetan sheep ) is found in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China , where Marmota . himalayana is the primary plague host . Tibetan sheep-related human plagu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"plagues",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"genomic",
"library",
"construction",
"animals",
"mammals",
"ethnicities",
"bacterial",
... | 2018 | Human plague associated with Tibetan sheep originates in marmots |
In Amazonian tropical forests , recent studies have reported increases in aboveground biomass and in primary productivity , as well as shifts in plant species composition favouring fast-growing species over slow-growing ones . This pervasive alteration of mature tropical forests was attributed to global environmental c... | Recent studies have reported major changes in mature tropical forests , with increases in both forest biomass and net primary productivity , as well as shifts in plant species composition that favour fast-growing species over slow-growing ones . These pervasive alterations were attributed to global environmental change... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"ecology"
] | 2008 | Assessing Evidence for a Pervasive Alteration in Tropical Tree Communities |
Persistent production of type I interferon ( IFN ) by activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDC ) is a leading model to explain chronic immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection but direct evidence for this is lacking . We used a dual antagonist of Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) 7 and TLR9 to s... | A persistent type I interferon ( IFN ) response is thought to be important in driving immune activation and progression to AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) -infected individuals . Plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDC ) produce copious amounts of type I IFN upon virus exposure through engagement of Toll-like r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"hiv",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Blocking TLR7- and TLR9-mediated IFN-α Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Does Not Diminish Immune Activation in Early SIV Infection |
Optimal behavior relies on the combination of inputs from multiple senses through complex interactions within neocortical networks . The ontogeny of this multisensory interplay is still unknown . Here , we identify critical factors that control the development of visual-tactile processing by combining in vivo electroph... | Our senses , working together , enable us to interact with the environment . To obtain a unified percept of the world , diverse sensory inputs need to be bound together within distributed but strongly interconnected neuronal networks . Many multisensory abilities emerge or mature late in life , long after the maturatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Neonatal Restriction of Tactile Inputs Leads to Long-Lasting Impairments of Cross-Modal Processing |
Because lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) elimination efforts are hampered by a dearth of economic information about the cost of mass drug administration ( MDA ) programs ( using either albendazole with diethylcarbamazine [DEC] or albendazole with ivermectin ) , a multicenter study was undertaken to determine the costs of MD... | Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) , commonly known as elephantiasis , is a profoundly disfiguring parasitic disease caused by thread-like nematode worms . This disease can often be disabling , thus reducing the potential productivity of the affected individuals . The WHO places the number of people at risk in 83 countries at... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/global",
"health",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2007 | National Mass Drug Administration Costs for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination |
Parkinson disease ( PD ) is characterized by the preferential , but poorly understood , vulnerability to degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic ( mDA ) neurons in the ventral substantia nigra compacta ( vSNc ) . These sensitive mDA neurons express Pitx3 , a transcription factor that is critical for their survival during... | The locomotor deficits associated with Parkinson disease result from the death of a specific subset of dopamine neurons in the ventral part of the midbrain . The reason for the greater sensitivity to degeneration of those , relative to other , neurons is not clear . Prior work showed that the Pitx3 transcription factor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Rgs6 is Required for Adult Maintenance of Dopaminergic Neurons in the Ventral Substantia Nigra |
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus ( MCPyV ) is associated with Merkel Cell carcinoma ( MCC ) , a rare , aggressive skin cancer with neuroendocrine features . The causal role of MCPyV is highly suggested by monoclonal integration of its genome and expression of the viral large T ( LT ) antigen in MCC cells . We investigated and ... | Merkel cell polyomavirus ( MCPyV ) is a recently discovered virus highly associated with a rare skin cancer , Merkel cell carcinoma ( MCC ) . The causal role of MCPyV in cancer is suggested by integration of viral sequences into the cell genome and by a specific molecular signature . We looked for and compared molecula... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dermatology/skin",
"cancers,",
"including",
"melanoma",
"and",
"lymphoma",
"oncology/skin",
"cancers",
"virology/viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Distinct Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Molecular Features in Tumour and Non Tumour Specimens from Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma |
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in developed countries , and the contribution of genetic susceptibility to breast cancer development has been well-recognized . However , a great proportion of these hereditary predisposing factors still remain unidentified . To examine the contribution of rare copy numb... | Although genetic susceptibility to breast cancer has been well-established , the majority of the predisposing factors still remain unidentified . Here , we have taken advantage of recent technical and methodological advances to examine the role of a new class of genomic variation , rare copy number variants ( CNVs ) , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"systems",
"biology",
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"genomics",
"epidemiology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2012 | Rare Copy Number Variants Observed in Hereditary Breast Cancer Cases Disrupt Genes in Estrogen Signaling and TP53 Tumor Suppression Network |
Chunking is the process by which frequently repeated segments of temporal inputs are concatenated into single units that are easy to process . Such a process is fundamental to time-series analysis in biological and artificial information processing systems . The brain efficiently acquires chunks from various informatio... | Varieties of information processing require chunking , but chunking arbitrary complex sequences as flexibly as the brain does remains a challenge . In this study , we solved this important but difficult problem of chunking by "reservoir computing" inferred from brain computation . In the method , chunking occurs automa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"community",
"structure",
"signaling",
"networks",
"social",
"sciences",
"teachers",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"recurrent",
"neural",
"networks",... | 2018 | Interactive reservoir computing for chunking information streams |
Variation in the gut microbiome has been linked to colorectal cancer ( CRC ) , as well as to host genetic variation . However , we do not know whether , in addition to baseline host genetics , somatic mutational profiles in CRC tumors interact with the surrounding tumor microbiome , and if so , whether these changes ca... | Although the gut microbiome—the collection of microorganisms that inhabit our gastrointestinal tract—has been implicated in colorectal cancer , colorectal tumors are caused by genetic mutations in host DNA . Here , we explored whether various mutations in colorectal tumors are correlated with specific changes in the ba... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"microbial",
"mutation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"microbiome",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"wnt",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"oncology",
"mutation",
"mathematics",
"forecastin... | 2018 | Colorectal cancer mutational profiles correlate with defined microbial communities in the tumor microenvironment |
Influenza A viruses can adapt to new host species , leading to the emergence of novel pathogenic strains . There is evidence that highly pathogenic viruses encode for non-structural 1 ( NS1 ) proteins that are more efficient in suppressing the host immune response . The NS1 protein inhibits type-I interferon ( IFN ) pr... | Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasionally , major global pandemics . To establish productive infection these viruses have mechanisms to evade host immune responses , including the type-I interferon ( IFN ) response . An important component of the IFN system is the helicase RIG-I that recognizes viral RN... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"avian",
"influenza",
"a",
"viruses",
"zoonoses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"immunity",
"virology",
"innate",
"immunity",
"viral",
"classification",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Species-Specific Inhibition of RIG-I Ubiquitination and IFN Induction by the Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein |
Over the past decade , several targeted therapies ( e . g . imatinib , dasatinib , nilotinib ) have been developed to treat Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ( CML ) . Despite an initial response to therapy , drug resistance remains a problem for some CML patients . Recent studies have shown that resistance mutations that preex... | Targeted therapy using imatinib , nilotinib or dasatinib has become standard treatment for chronicle myeloid leukemia . A minority of patients , however , fail to respond to treatment or relapse due to drug resistance . One primary driving factor of drug resistance are point mutations within the driving oncogene . Labo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"of",
"CML",
"dynamics",
"Treatment",
"optimization",
"problem",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"toxicology",
"oncology",
"optimization",
"toxicity",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"pharmaceutics",
"stem",
"cells",
"ani... | 2016 | Optimized Treatment Schedules for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia |
The dynamics of infectious diseases are greatly influenced by the movement of both susceptible and infected hosts . To accurately represent disease dynamics among a mobile host population , detailed movement models have been coupled with disease transmission models . However , a number of different host movement models... | Epidemics of infectious disease vary geographically and vary through time . A large part of this variation is caused by movement of individuals who are susceptible to the disease or infected with the disease . To study how movement affects epidemics , researchers often combine movement models with transmission models .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"livestock",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"agriculture",
"infectious",
"disease",
... | 2019 | Network analyses to quantify effects of host movement in multilevel disease transmission models using foot and mouth disease in Cameroon as a case study |
Spores of Bacillus anthracis , the causative agent of anthrax , are known to persist in the host lungs for prolonged periods of time , however the underlying mechanism is poorly understood . In this study , we demonstrated that BclA , a major surface protein of B . anthracis spores , mediated direct binding of compleme... | We discovered an immune modulatory mechanism of Bacillus anthracis mediated by the spore surface protein BclA . We showed for the first time that BclA mediated the binding of complement factor H , a major negative regulator of complement , to the surface of spores . The binding led to the down-regulation of complement ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"Materials"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"complement",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
"antibodies",
"immunologic",
"techn... | 2016 | Bacillus anthracis Spore Surface Protein BclA Mediates Complement Factor H Binding to Spores and Promotes Spore Persistence |
In mammals , the developmental path that links the primary behaviours observed during foetal stages to the full fledged behaviours observed in adults is still beyond our understanding . Often theories of motor control try to deal with the process of incremental learning in an abstract and modular way without establishi... | Mammals display a fascinating behavioural proficiency , which is a remarkable feature given the number of muscles that need to be continuously coordinated . Understanding the processes that give rise to this level of performance has been the main focus of many researchers during the last century , but until now a compr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"electroporation",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"neuroscience",
"synaptic",
"plasticity",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"circuit",
"models",
"specimen",
"preparation",
"and",
"treatment",
"spinal",
"cord",
"develo... | 2014 | From Spontaneous Motor Activity to Coordinated Behaviour: A Developmental Model |
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