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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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The steroid hormone ecdysone and its receptor ( EcR ) play critical roles in orchestrating developmental transitions in arthropods . However , the mechanism by which EcR integrates nutritional and developmental cues to correctly activate transcription remains poorly understood . Here , we show that EcR-dependent transc... | Arthropods are estimated to account for over 80% of animal species on earth . Characterized by their rigid exoskeletons , juvenile arthropods must periodically shed their thick outer cuticles by molting in order to grow . The steroid hormone ecdysone plays an essential role in regulating the timing of developmental tra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | CDK8-Cyclin C Mediates Nutritional Regulation of Developmental Transitions through the Ecdysone Receptor in Drosophila |
Bacterial pathogens have evolved strategies that enable them to invade tissues and spread within the host . Enterococcus faecalis is a leading cause of local and disseminated multidrug-resistant hospital infections , but the molecular mechanisms used by this non-motile bacterium to penetrate surfaces and translocate th... | Enterococcus faecalis is a microbial inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal tract that can cause lethal infections . Typically classified as a non-motile bacterium , E . faecalis can readily migrate and translocate across epithelial barriers to invade distant organs . Nevertheless , the molecular pathways driving ent... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"exopolysaccharides",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"materials",
"science",
"enterococcus",
"macromolecules",
"bacteria",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelle... | 2019 | PolyGlcNAc-containing exopolymers enable surface penetration by non-motile Enterococcus faecalis |
Migration of Latin Americans to the USA , Canada and Europe has modified Chagas disease distribution , but data on imported cases and on risks of local transmission remain scarce . We assessed the prevalence and risk factors for Chagas disease , staged the disease and evaluated attitudes towards blood transfusion and o... | Chagas disease , a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi , is a leading cause of cardiac and digestive tract disorders in Mexico , Central and South America . An increasing number of cases have recently been reported in North America and Europe due to international human migration , but data outside Latin Ameri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Prevalence, Clinical Staging and Risk for Blood-Borne Transmission of Chagas Disease among Latin American Migrants in Geneva, Switzerland |
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading nosocomial pathogen . In contrast to its more aggressive relative S . aureus , it causes chronic rather than acute infections . In highly virulent S . aureus , phenol-soluble modulins ( PSMs ) contribute significantly to immune evasion and aggressive virulence by their strong abi... | Staphylococcus epidermidis frequently causes chronic infections , indicating pronounced capacity to evade host defenses . However , S . epidermidis is in general much less aggressive than its close relative , S . aureus . Here we identify molecular underpinnings of that discrepancy by showing that S . epidermidis immun... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | Staphylococcus epidermidis Strategies to Avoid Killing by Human Neutrophils |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) must cope with exogenous oxidative stress imposed by the host . Unlike other antioxidant enzymes , Mtb’s thioredoxin reductase TrxB2 has been predicted to be essential not only to fight host defenses but also for in vitro growth . However , the specific physiological role of TrxB2 and... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) antioxidant systems represent attractive targets for developing novel tuberculosis therapies . We demonstrate that targeting thioredoxin reductase TrxB2 eradicates Mtb during acute and chronic mouse infections . TrxB2 inactivation caused thiol-specific oxidizing stress , perturbed gro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"dna",
"metabolism",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"organic",
"compounds",
"sulfur",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"organisms",
"physiological",
"processes",
"amino",
"acids",
"dna",
"construction",
"dna",
"molecul... | 2016 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Thioredoxin Reductase Is Essential for Thiol Redox Homeostasis but Plays a Minor Role in Antioxidant Defense |
LANA is the KSHV-encoded terminal repeat binding protein essential for viral replication and episome maintenance during latency . We have determined the X-ray crystal structure of LANA C-terminal DNA binding domain ( LANADBD ) to reveal its capacity to form a decameric ring with an exterior DNA binding surface . The di... | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) establishes latent infections that are associated with several cancers including Kaposi's sarcoma , pleural effusion lymphoma , and multicentric Caslteman's disease . One of the major viral proteins required for establishment and maintenance of the latent state is the la... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Molecular Basis for Oligomeric-DNA Binding and Episome Maintenance by KSHV LANA |
The reovirus fusion-associated small transmembrane ( FAST ) proteins are virus-encoded membrane fusion proteins that function as dedicated cell–cell fusogens . The topology of these small , single-pass membrane proteins orients the majority of the protein on the distal side of the membrane ( i . e . , inside the cell )... | The reovirus FAST proteins are the only known examples of nonenveloped virus membrane fusion proteins . Functioning as virus-encoded cellular fusogens , they mediate cell–cell membrane fusion and syncytium formation rather than virus–cell fusion . The FAST proteins are also the smallest protein fusogens and assume an u... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/post-translational",
"regulation",
"of",
"gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"biochemistry/protein",
"chemistry",
"virology",
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"trafficking",
"s... | 2009 | Enhanced Fusion Pore Expansion Mediated by the Trans-Acting Endodomain of the Reovirus FAST Proteins |
The ability of human and murine APOBECs ( specifically , APOBEC3 ) to inhibit infecting retroviruses and retrotransposition of some mobile elements is becoming established . Less clear is the effect that they have had on the establishment of the endogenous proviruses resident in the human and mouse genomes . We used th... | Vertebrate genomes are littered with remnants from earlier retroviral infections , in the form of endogenous retroviruses ( ERVs ) . Cellular host defenses against retroviruses , including the APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases , have been described previously . APOBEC3 proteins have been shown to edit some retrovir... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"viruses",
"mammals",
"virology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"mus",
"(mouse)"
] | 2007 | Role of APOBEC3 in Genetic Diversity among Endogenous Murine Leukemia Viruses |
The sequence of a promoter within a genome does not uniquely determine gene expression levels and their variability; rather , promoter sequence can additionally interact with its location in the genome , or genomic context , to shape eukaryotic gene expression . Retroviruses , such as human immunodeficiency virus-1 ( H... | The sequence of a gene within a cellular genome does not uniquely determine its expression level , even for a single type of cell under fixed conditions . Numerous other factors , including gene location on the chromosome and random gene-expression “noise , ” can alter expression patterns and cause differences between ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"viral",
"latency",
"systems",
"biology",
"genetic",
"screens",
"virology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"replication",
"gene",
"networks"
] | 2013 | Genetic Selection for Context-Dependent Stochastic Phenotypes: Sp1 and TATA Mutations Increase Phenotypic Noise in HIV-1 Gene Expression |
The bacteriophage ΦCD27 is capable of lysing Clostridium difficile , a pathogenic bacterium that is a major cause for nosocomial infection . A recombinant CD27L endolysin lyses C . difficile in vitro , and represents a promising alternative as a bactericide . To better understand the lysis mechanism , we have determine... | Clostridium difficile infection is a common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea , following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment particularly in elderly patients . Bacteriophage therapy could provide an alternative treatment , but a better understanding of the viral components that lyse the bacterial cell is necessary .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"complexes",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"viral",
"enzymes",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"biocatalysis",
"protein",
"structure",
"enzyme",
"kinetics",
"enzyme",
... | 2014 | The CD27L and CTP1L Endolysins Targeting Clostridia Contain a Built-in Trigger and Release Factor |
The roles of histone demethylation in the regulation of plant flowering , disease resistance , rhythmical response , and seed germination have been elucidated recently; however , how histone demethylation affects leaf senescence remains largely unclear . In this study , we exploited yeast one-hybrid ( Y1H ) to screen f... | Leaves of higher plants start yellowing and subsequently die ( senescence ) at particular developmental stages as a result of both internal and external regulations . Leaf senescence is evolved to facilitate nutrient remobilization to young/important organs to meet their rapid development , and a large number of genes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"senescence",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"ethylene",
"organic",
"compounds",
"dna",
"transcription",
"hormones",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
... | 2019 | The H3K27me3 demethylase REF6 promotes leaf senescence through directly activating major senescence regulatory and functional genes in Arabidopsis |
Epidemiology and candidate gene studies indicate a shared genetic basis for celiac disease ( CD ) and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , but the extent of this sharing has not been systematically explored . Previous studies demonstrate that 6 of the established non-HLA CD and RA risk loci ( out of 26 loci for each disease )... | Celiac disease ( CD ) and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) are two autoimmune diseases characterized by distinct clinical features but increased co-occurrence in families and individuals . Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) performed in CD and RA have identified the HLA region and 26 non-HLA genetic risk loci in each ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"immunology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2011 | Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies in Celiac Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis Identifies Fourteen Non-HLA Shared Loci |
Vector-borne diseases are major public health concerns worldwide . For many of them , vector control is still key to primary prevention , with control actions planned and evaluated using vector occurrence records . Yet vectors can be difficult to detect , and vector occurrence indices will be biased whenever spurious d... | Vector-borne disease prevention often relies on health agents inspecting dwellings and eliminating the vector infestation foci they detect . The effectiveness of prevention programs thus depends on vector-detection performance . Unfortunately , detection failures can be common , particularly when infestation is rare an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"disease",
"ecology",
"chagas",
"disease",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"physical",
"sciences",
"protozoan",
... | 2014 | All That Glisters Is Not Gold: Sampling-Process Uncertainty in Disease-Vector Surveys with False-Negative and False-Positive Detections |
Intron gigantism , where genes contain megabase-sized introns , is observed across species , yet little is known about its purpose or regulation . Here we identify a unique gene expression program utilized for the proper expression of genes with intron gigantism . We find that two Drosophila genes with intron gigantism... | Introns are non-coding elements of eukaryotic genes , often containing important regulatory sequences . Curiously , some genes contain introns so large that more than 99% of the gene locus is non-coding . One of the best-studied large genes , Dystrophin , a causative gene for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy , spans 2 . 2Mb... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [] | 2019 | Satellite DNA-containing gigantic introns in a unique gene expression program during Drosophila spermatogenesis |
Emerging information technologies present new opportunities to reduce the burden of malaria , dengue and other infectious diseases . For example , use of a data management system software package can help disease control programs to better manage and analyze their data , and thus enhances their ability to carry out con... | Emerging information technologies , such as data management system software packages , can help disease control programs to better manage and analyze their data , and thus make it easier to carry out continuous surveillance , monitor interventions and evaluate control program performance . This will lead to better info... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"computer",
"science",
"mosquitoes",
"dengue",
"fever",
"software",
"engineering",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"malaria",
"information",
"technology",
"software",
"tools",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"vectors",
"and",
"hosts",
... | 2011 | Multi-Disease Data Management System Platform for Vector-Borne Diseases |
Necroptosis is a lytic programmed cell death mediated by the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL pathway . The loss of Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 ( RIPK3 ) expression and necroptotic potential have been previously reported in several cancer cell lines; however , the extent of this loss across cancer types , as... | Necroptosis is a regulated process that triggers cell death , resulting in necrosis and inflammation . Cancer cells have been shown to lose their ability to die via necroptosis , but the genetic factors that drive this resistance remain unknown . Here , we have analyzed 941 different cancer cell types and found that 83... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cancer",
"detection",
"and",
"diagnosis",
"cell",
"death",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"cell",
"processes",
"oncogenes",
"oncology",
"mutation",
"genome",
"analysis",
"mutation",
"databases",
"res... | 2018 | BRAF and AXL oncogenes drive RIPK3 expression loss in cancer |
Two T helper ( Th ) cell subsets , namely Th1 and Th2 cells , play an important role in inflammatory diseases . The two subsets are thought to counter-regulate each other , and alterations in their balance result in different diseases . This paradigm has been challenged by recent clinical and experimental data . Becaus... | Different T helper ( Th ) cell subsets have an important role in regulating the immune response in inflammatory diseases . Th1 and Th2 cells are thought to counter-regulate each other , and alterations in their balance result in different diseases . This paradigm has been challenged by recent clinical and experimental ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"mathematics",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Combining Network Modeling and Gene Expression Microarray Analysis to Explore the Dynamics of Th1 and Th2 Cell Regulation |
The bacterial potassium channel KcsA , which has been crystallized in several conformations , offers an ideal model to investigate activation gating of ion channels . In this study , essential dynamics simulations are applied to obtain insights into the transition pathways and the energy profile of KcsA pore gating . I... | Voltage gated ion channels are membrane embedded proteins that initiate electrical signaling upon changes in membrane potential . These channels are involved in biological key processes such as generation and propagation of nerve impulses . Mutations may lead to serious diseases such as cardiac arrhythmia , diabetes or... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics"
] | 2013 | Probing the Energy Landscape of Activation Gating of the Bacterial Potassium Channel KcsA |
We construct a model of brain circulation and energy metabolism . The model is designed to explain experimental data and predict the response of the circulation and metabolism to a variety of stimuli , in particular , changes in arterial blood pressure , CO2 levels , O2 levels , and functional activation . Significant ... | Monitoring the brain noninvasively is key to solving various biological and clinical problems . Near-infrared spectroscopy ( NIRS ) is a technique that can measure changes in the colour of the brain . The brain has an absolute requirement for oxygen; the spectroscopically observed colour changes are due to the proteins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics",
"biochemistry/chemical",
"biology",
"of",
"the",
"cell",
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"biochemistry/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"physiology/integrative",
"physiology",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2008 | A Model of Brain Circulation and Metabolism: NIRS Signal Changes
during Physiological Challenges |
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation ( catalysed by kinases and phosphatases , respectively ) are post-translational modifications that play key roles in many eukaryotic signalling pathways , and are often deregulated in a number of pathological conditions in humans . In the malaria parasite Plasmodium , funct... | Malaria parasites are single-celled organisms , which alternate their life-cycle between vertebrate and mosquito hosts . In the mosquito , the malaria parasite undergoes sexual development , whereby a male and female gamete fuse to form a zygote . This zygote then elongates into an invasive stage , termed an ookinete ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | A Unique Protein Phosphatase with Kelch-Like Domains (PPKL) in Plasmodium Modulates Ookinete Differentiation, Motility and Invasion |
In a previous study PCR analysis of clinical samples from suspected cases of Buruli ulcer disease ( BUD ) from Togo and external quality assurance ( EQA ) for local microscopy were conducted at an external reference laboratory in Germany . The relatively poor performance of local microscopy as well as effort and time a... | Buruli ulcer disease ( BUD ) , the third most common mycobacterial disease worldwide , is treated with standardized antimycobacterial therapy . According to WHO recommendations at least 50% of cases should be laboratory confirmed by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) . In a previous study PCR analysis of clinical sample... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"buruli",
"ulcer",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Implementation of a National Reference Laboratory for Buruli Ulcer Disease in Togo |
Previous analyses of sera from a limited number of Ghanaian Buruli ulcer ( BU ) patients , their household contacts , individuals living in BU non-endemic regions as well as European controls have indicated that antibody responses to the M . ulcerans 18 kDa small heat shock protein ( shsp ) reflect exposure to this pat... | Sero-epidemiological analyses revealed that a higher proportion of sera from individuals living in the Buruli ulcer ( BU ) endemic Densu River Valley of Ghana contain Mycobacterium ulcerans 18 kDa small heat shock protein ( shsp ) -specific IgG than sera from inhabitants of the Volta Region , which was regarded so far ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"population",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Sero-Epidemiology as a Tool to Screen Populations for Exposure to Mycobacterium ulcerans |
Talaromyces marneffei is an opportunistic dimorphic fungus prevalent in Southeast Asia . We previously demonstrated that Mp1p is an immunogenic surface and secretory mannoprotein of T . marneffei . Since Mp1p is a surface protein that can generate protective immunity , we hypothesized that Mp1p and/or its homologs are ... | Talaromyces ( Penicillium ) marneffei is an opportunistic thermal dimorphic fungus most prevalent in Southeast Asia . Our team has previously shown that Mp1p , a protein encoded by the MP1 gene , is an immunogenic surface and secretory protein of T . marneffei . In this study , we showed that mice challenged with T . m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"pichia",
"pastoris",
"immunology",
"animal",
"models",
"fungi",
"model",
... | 2016 | Mp1p Is a Virulence Factor in Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei |
A ubiquitous building block of signaling pathways is a cycle of covalent modification ( e . g . , phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in MAPK cascades ) . Our paper explores the kind of information processing and filtering that can be accomplished by this simple biochemical circuit . Signaling cycles are particularly... | A cell is subjected to constantly changing environments and time-varying stimuli . Signals sensed at the cell surface are transmitted inside the cell by signaling pathways . Such pathways can transform signals in diverse ways and perform some preliminary information processing . A ubiquitous building block of signaling... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biophysics",
"biochemistry",
"eukaryotes",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Operating Regimes of Signaling Cycles: Statics, Dynamics, and Noise Filtering |
Various factors contribute to the urbanization of the visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , including the difficulties of implementing control measures relating to the domestic reservoir . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban endemic area in Brazil and the factors... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a disease caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum , and dogs are the most important domestic reservoirs of the agent . During recent decades , VL has expanded to large Brazilian urban centers . In the present work , we have demonstrated by using molecular techniques that the rate of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"veterinary",
"diagnostics",
"veterinary",
"science",
"veterinary",
"medicine",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"epidemiology",
"veterinary",
"parasitology",
"molecular",
... | 2011 | Prevalence and Factors Associated with Leishmania infantum Infection of Dogs from an Urban Area of Brazil as Identified by Molecular Methods |
Human herpesvirus 6 ( HHV-6 ) is prevalent in healthy persons , causes disease in immunosuppressed carriers , and may be involved in autoimmune disease . Cytotoxic CD8 T cells are probably important for effective control of infection . However , the HHV-6-specific CD8 T cell repertoire is largely uncharacterized . Ther... | This paper deals with the immune response to a very common virus , called human herpesvirus 6 ( HHV-6 ) . Most people catch HHV-6 in early childhood , which often leads to a disease known as three-day fever . Later in life , the virus stays in the body , and an active immune response is needed to prevent the virus from... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immunology",
"cloning",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"cytotoxic",
"t",
"cells",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"resear... | 2018 | Cross-sectional analysis of CD8 T cell immunity to human herpesvirus 6B |
The emergence of the Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is currently expanding . In 2015 , 38 , 332 cases of Chikungunya were reported to the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system . Eighteen months after notification of the first case in the city of Feira de Santana , we conducted the first serosurvey to define the ma... | The Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) epidemic is currently expanding . In 2015 , 38 , 332 cases of Chikungunya were reported to the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system . To date , no serosurvey has described the impact of the disease on rural communities in Brazil . We conducted a survey in which households in the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"alphaviruses",
"viruses... | 2017 | Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus in a Rural Community in Brazil |
As cells grow and divide under a given environment , they become crowded and resources are limited , as seen in bacterial biofilms and multicellular aggregates . These cells often show strong interactions through exchanging chemicals , as evident in quorum sensing , to achieve mutualism and division of labor . Here , t... | Unicellular organisms , when aggregated under limited resources , often exhibit behaviors akin to multicellular organisms , possibly without advanced regulation mechanisms , as observed in biofilms and bacterial colonies . Cells in an aggregate have to differentiate into several types that are specialized for different... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"symbiosis",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"cell",
"metabolism",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"animal",
"behavior",
"chemical",
"composition",
"zoology",
"anima... | 2016 | Symbiotic Cell Differentiation and Cooperative Growth in Multicellular Aggregates |
Intestinal parasitic nematodes such as hookworms , Ascaris lumbricoides , and Trichuris trichiura are amongst most prevalent tropical parasites in the world today . Although these parasites cause a tremendous disease burden , we have very few anthelmintic drugs with which to treat them . In the past three decades only ... | Intestinal parasitic nematodes or roundworms infect over 1 billion people in tropical countries . Overall , they are a huge source of morbidity in infected people , including children and pregnant women , and are increasingly being recognized as key poverty-promoting parasites . Despite their importance , few drugs for... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/antimicrobials",
"and",
"drug",
"resistance"
] | 2009 | The New Anthelmintic Tribendimidine is an L-type (Levamisole and Pyrantel) Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist |
Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of the necrotizing skin disease Buruli ulcer ( BU ) , which has been reported from over 30 countries worldwide . The majority of notified patients come from West African countries , such as Côte d’Ivoire , Ghana , Benin and Cameroon . All clinical isolates of M . ulcerans f... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a progressively necrotizing disease of the skin , caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans . BU occurs very focally with highest incidence in West Africa . The mode of transmission and the nature and role of potential environmental reservoirs are currently not entirely understood . In this... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Locally Confined Clonal Complexes of Mycobacterium ulcerans in Two Buruli Ulcer Endemic Regions of Cameroon |
In an effort to identify the functional alleles associated with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) , we investigated 152 genes found in the 4q21-25 region that exhibited loss of heterozygosity ( LOH ) . A total of 2 , 293 pairs of primers were designed for 1 , 449 exonic and upstream promoter regions to amplify and seque... | Liver cancer is one of the most lethal human cancers . Identifying functional alleles associated with liver cancer can provide new insights into the disease’s pathogenesis and help to advance the development of new therapeutic approaches . We conducted re-sequencing of the 4q21-25 region that frequently showed loss of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"enzymes",
"gene",
"regulation",
"population",
"genetics",
"carcinomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"enzymology",
"cell",
"processes",
"gastrointestinal",
"tumors",
"liver",
"diseases",
"oncology",
"gastroenterolo... | 2016 | Selective Retention of an Inactive Allele of the DKK2 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
To achieve robust replication , bacteria must integrate cellular metabolism and cell wall growth . While these two processes have been well characterized , the nature and extent of cross-regulation between them is not well understood . Here , using classical genetics , CRISPRi , metabolomics , transcriptomics and chemi... | Bacteria are well-known for their remarkable ability to multiply , a property that we often aim to control . To successfully self-replicate , bacterial cells must generate energy and building blocks through central metabolism and synthesize cell wall material to reproduce their shape and size . How cellular metabolism ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"caulobacter",
"drugs",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"cell",
"metabolism",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"metabolites",
"antibiotics",
"membrane",
"metabolism",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"experimenta... | 2017 | Crosstalk between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and peptidoglycan synthesis in Caulobacter crescentus through the homeostatic control of α-ketoglutarate |
The RCK-containing MthK channel undergoes two inactivation processes: activation-coupled desensitization and acid-induced inactivation . The acid inactivation is mediated by the C-terminal RCK domain assembly . Here , we report that the desensitization gating is governed by a desensitization domain ( DD ) of the cytopl... | Nerve cells use ion channels , pores in the cell membrane , to send messages in the form of electrical signals between cells . Most ion channels have evolved several elaborate mechanisms that allow the channels to close quickly after opening to prevent wasteful leakage of the electrochemical potential—the currency of n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"microbiology",
"biophysics",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | The Desensitization Gating of the MthK K+ Channel Is Governed by Its Cytoplasmic Amino Terminus |
Transposable elements are driving forces for establishing genetic innovations such as transcriptional regulatory networks in eukaryotic genomes . Here , we describe a silencer situated in the last 300 bp of the Mos1 transposase open reading frame ( ORF ) which functions in vertebrate and arthropod cells . Functional si... | Transposons are mobile DNA sequences that have long co-evolved with the genome of their hosts . Consequently , they are involved in the generation of mutations , as well as the creation of genes and regulatory networks . Controlling the transposon activity , and consequently its negative effects on both the host soma a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"luciferase",
"hela",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"enzymes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"enzymology",
"marker",
"genes",
"cloning",
"genetic",
"elements",
"cell",
"cultures",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniq... | 2016 | Mariner Transposons Contain a Silencer: Possible Role of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 |
Chandipura Virus ( CHPV ) , a negative-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family , has been previously reported to bring neuronal apoptosis by activating several factors leading to neurodegeneration . Following virus infection of the central nervous system , microglia , the ontogenetic and functional equ... | Chandipura virus is a negatively stranded single RNA virus , which has claimed many lives in several outbreaks in India and Indian subcontinent . Our previous study shows CNS inflammation plays a vital role in inducing neurodegeneration post infection . In continuation to that our present study systematically examined ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods",
"Result",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"motility",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"nervous",
"system",
"immunology",
"microglial",
"cells",... | 2018 | Nitrosporeusine analogue ameliorates Chandipura virus induced inflammatory response in CNS via NFκb inactivation in microglia |
The genomes of five Cochliobolus heterostrophus strains , two Cochliobolus sativus strains , three additional Cochliobolus species ( Cochliobolus victoriae , Cochliobolus carbonum , Cochliobolus miyabeanus ) , and closely related Setosphaeria turcica were sequenced at the Joint Genome Institute ( JGI ) . The datasets w... | The filamentous ascomycete genus Cochliobolus includes highly aggressive necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens with particular specificity to their host plants , often associated with production of host selective toxins ( HST ) that allow necrotrophs to trigger host cell death . Hemibiotrophs must keep their hosts ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"plant",
"biology",
"crops",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"agriculture"
] | 2013 | Comparative Genome Structure, Secondary Metabolite, and Effector Coding Capacity across Cochliobolus Pathogens |
Genome sequences of Plasmodium falciparum allow for global analysis of drug responses to antimalarial agents . It was of interest to learn how DNA microarrays may be used to study drug action in malaria parasites . In one large , tightly controlled study involving 123 microarray hybridizations between cDNA from isogeni... | Traditional knowledge of gene regulation , learned largely from non-pathogenic model organisms such as E . coli , yeast , and mice , suggests that RNA for metabolic pathways are regulated in large part by DNA-binding transcriptional factors that are responsive to cellular metabolic needs . We demonstrate that the malar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropi... | 2008 | A Genetically Hard-Wired Metabolic Transcriptome in Plasmodium falciparum Fails to Mount Protective Responses to Lethal Antifolates |
Elevation of aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) is prominent in acute dengue illness . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) 2009 dengue guidelines defined AST or ALT≥1000 units/liter ( U/L ) as a criterion for severe dengue . We aimed to assess the clinical relevance and discrimina... | Dengue is a global public health problem , as the incidence of the disease has reached hyperendemic proportions in recent decades . Infection with dengue can cause acute , febrile illness or severe disease , which can lead to plasma leakage , bleeding , and organ impairment . One of the most prominent clinical characte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"viral",
"hemorrhagic",
"fevers",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"clinical",
"epidemiology",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropi... | 2012 | Clinical Relevance and Discriminatory Value of Elevated Liver Aminotransferase Levels for Dengue Severity |
Elucidation of regulatory roles played by microRNAs ( miRs ) in various biological networks is one of the greatest challenges of present molecular and computational biology . The integrated analysis of gene expression data and 3′-UTR sequences holds great promise for being an effective means to systematically delineate... | MicroRNAs are a novel class of genes that encodes for short RNA molecules recognized to play key roles in the regulation of many biological networks . MicroRNAs , predicted to collectively target more than 30% of all human protein-coding genes , suppress gene expression by binding to regulatory elements usually embedde... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2008 | Removal of AU Bias from Microarray mRNA Expression Data Enhances Computational Identification of Active MicroRNAs |
The growing availability of sequence information from diverse parasites through genomic and transcriptomic projects offer new opportunities for the identification of key mediators in the parasite–host interaction . Functional genomics approaches and methods for the manipulation of genes are essential tools for decipher... | Reverse genetics tools allow assessing the function of unknown genes . Their application for the study of neglected infectious diseases could lead eventually to the identification of relevant gene products to be used in diagnosis , or as drug targets or immunization candidates . Being technically more simple and less d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"biochemistry/tra... | 2008 | Development of Functional Genomic Tools in Trematodes: RNA Interference and Luciferase Reporter Gene Activity in Fasciola hepatica |
Thailand is currently experiencing one of its worst dengue outbreaks in decades . As in most countries where this disease is endemic , dengue control in Thailand is largely reliant on the use of insecticides targeting both immature and adult stages of the Aedes mosquito , with the organophosphate insecticide , temephos... | Temephos is the most important insecticide used in larviciding campaigns to reduce the risk of dengue transmission . This organophosphate insecticide has been in use for over 50 years and resistance to this chemical has been reported in Aedes aegypti populations from Latin America , the Caribbean and from Asia . In oth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"gene",
"regulation",
"gene",
"function",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"pest",
"control",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"biology",
"gene",
"ontologies",
"agriculture",
"transcriptomes",
"pes... | 2014 | Identification of Carboxylesterase Genes Implicated in Temephos Resistance in the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti |
Horizontal gene transfer ( HGT ) plays a major role in bacterial microevolution as evident from the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial drug resistance . Few studies have however addressed the population dynamics of newly imported genetic elements after HGT . Here , we show that newly acquired class-1 integrons... | Horizontal acquisition of mobile and mobilizable genetic elements plays a major role in the development of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria . Despite their causal role in drug treatment failure , there is only limited understanding of how horizontal acquisitions of these elements affect bacterial fitness . A p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | A Trade-off between the Fitness Cost of Functional Integrases and Long-term Stability of Integrons |
In eukaryotic cells , the internalization of extracellular cargo via the endocytic machinery is an important regulatory process required for many essential cellular functions . The role of cooperative protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions in the ubiquitous endocytic pathway in mammalian cells , namely the c... | Cell membranes and membrane-based organelles actively mediate several intracellular signaling and trafficking decisions . A growing number of applications rely on cooperative interactions between molecular assemblies and membranes . Yet , the studies of membrane-based and membrane-mediated signaling are not considered ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"physics/interdisciplinary",
"physics"
] | 2010 | Minimal Mesoscale Model for Protein-Mediated Vesiculation in Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis |
Purpura fulminans is a deadly complication of Neisseria meningitidis infections due to extensive thrombosis of microvessels . Although a Disseminated Intra-vascular Coagulation syndrome ( DIC ) is frequently observed during Gram negative sepsis , it is rarely associated with extensive thrombosis like those observed dur... | Neisseria meningitidis ( meningococcus ) is responsible for a severe syndrome called purpura fulminans in which the coagulation system is totally dysregulated , leading to an extensive occlusion of blood microvessels . The pathogenesis of this syndrome is still not understood . Here we show that the meningococcus , whe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"endothelial",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cardiovascular",
"medicine",
"thrombosis",
"e... | 2018 | An ADAM-10 dependent EPCR shedding links meningococcal interaction with endothelial cells to purpura fulminans |
Sequence database searches require accurate estimation of the statistical significance of scores . Optimal local sequence alignment scores follow Gumbel distributions , but determining an important parameter of the distribution ( λ ) requires time-consuming computational simulation . Moreover , optimal alignment scores... | Sequence database searches are a fundamental tool of molecular biology , enabling researchers to identify related sequences in other organisms , which often provides invaluable clues to the function and evolutionary history of genes . The power of database searches to detect more and more remote evolutionary relationsh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics/statistics",
"computational",
"biology/protein",
"homology",
"detection"
] | 2008 | A Probabilistic Model of Local Sequence Alignment That Simplifies Statistical Significance Estimation |
Self-incompatibility has been considered by geneticists a model system for reproductive biology and balancing selection , but our understanding of the genetic basis and evolution of this molecular lock-and-key system has remained limited by the extreme level of sequence divergence among haplotypes , resulting in a lack... | Self-incompatibility is a common genetic system preventing selfing through recognition and rejection of self-pollen in hermaphroditic flowering plants . In the Brassicaceae family , this system is controlled by a single genomic region , called the S-locus , where many distinct specificities segregate in natural populat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Contrasted Patterns of Molecular Evolution in Dominant and Recessive Self-Incompatibility Haplotypes in Arabidopsis |
Lager-style beers constitute the vast majority of the beer market , and yet , the genetic origin of the yeast strains that brew them has been shrouded in mystery and controversy . Unlike ale-style beers , which are generally brewed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae , lagers are brewed at colder temperatures with allopolypl... | Yeasts are key industrial microbes , most notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which is used to make a variety of products , including bread , wine , and ale-style beers . However , lager-style beers are brewed with interspecies hybrids of S . cerevisiae x Saccharomyces eubayanus . After its discovery in South America in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"biogeography",
"united",
"states",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"north",
"america",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"mol... | 2016 | Complex Ancestries of Lager-Brewing Hybrids Were Shaped by Standing Variation in the Wild Yeast Saccharomyces eubayanus |
We study the statistics of spike trains of simultaneously recorded grid cells in freely behaving rats . We evaluate pairwise correlations between these cells and , using a maximum entropy kinetic pairwise model ( kinetic Ising model ) , study their functional connectivity . Even when we account for the covariations in ... | The way mammals navigate in space is hypothesized to depend on neural structures in the temporal lobe including the hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex ( MEC ) . In particular , grid cells , neurons whose firing is mostly restricted to regions of space that form a hexagonal pattern , are believed to be an importan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Correlations and Functional Connections in a Population of Grid Cells |
Leishmaniasis is the world’s second deadliest parasitic disease after malaria , and current treatment of the different forms of this disease is far from satisfactory . Alkylphospholipid analogs ( APLs ) are a family of anticancer drugs that show antileishmanial activity , including the first oral drug ( miltefosine ) f... | Leishmaniasis is a major health problem worldwide , and can result in loss of human life or a lifelong stigma because of bodily scars . According to World Health Organization , leishmaniasis is considered as an emerging and uncontrolled disease , and its current treatment is far from ideal , with only a few drugs avail... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"developmental",
... | 2017 | Mitochondria and lipid raft-located FOF1-ATP synthase as major therapeutic targets in the antileishmanial and anticancer activities of ether lipid edelfosine |
Epstein-Barr Virus ( EBV ) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus of the gammaherpesvirinae sub-family that predominantly infects humans through epithelial cells and B cells . Three EBV glycoproteins , gH , gL and gp42 , form a complex that targets EBV infection of B cells . Human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) class II ... | The various steps by which lipid-enveloped viruses enter or ‘fuse’ with a host cell require the coordination of receptor recognition , viral protein activation and large protein conformational changes that can drive membrane bilayer fusion . Here we report biochemical , structural and functional experiments on the prot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"viral",
"attachment",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"viral",
"envelope",
"viral",
"entry",
"protein",
"interactions",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"complexes",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"proteins",
"virology... | 2014 | Assembly and Architecture of the EBV B Cell Entry Triggering Complex |
Zika virus ( ZIKV ) falls into two lineages: African ( ZIKVAF ) and Asian ( ZIKVAS ) . These lineages have not been tested comprehensively in parallel for disease progression using an animal model system . Here , using the established type-I interferon receptor knockout ( A129 ) mouse model , it is first demonstrated t... | Since first being recognised in 1947 , Zika virus ( ZIKV ) has mainly been associated with a mild illness with symptoms including a limited fever and rash . In 2007 the virus spread from Africa and Asia into Micronesia , then in 2013 into French Polynesia and then onwards across Pacific regions and into South America .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"microbiology",
"animal",
"models",
"viruses",
"histology",
"model",
... | 2017 | Lineage-dependent differences in the disease progression of Zika virus infection in type-I interferon receptor knockout (A129) mice |
Our overall hypothesis is that host population immunity directed at multiple antigens will influence the prevalence , diversity and evolution of influenza A virus ( IAV ) in avian populations where the vast subtype diversity is maintained . To investigate how initial infection influences the outcome of later infections... | Many features of pathogen diversification remain poorly explored although host immunity is recognized as a major driver of pathogen evolution . Influenza A viruses ( IAVs ) can infect many avian and mammalian hosts , but while few IAV subtypes circulate in human populations , subtype diversity is extensive in wild bird... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"animals",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses"... | 2017 | Competition between influenza A virus subtypes through heterosubtypic immunity modulates re-infection and antibody dynamics in the mallard duck |
Serological tests have long been established as rapid , simple and inexpensive tools for the diagnosis and follow-up of PCM . However , different protocols and antigen preparations are used and the few attempts to standardize the routine serological methods have not succeeded . We compared the performance of six Brazil... | Paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) is a neglected systemic fungal infection prevalent mostly in South America . Serological tests have long been established as rapid , simple and inexpensive tools for the diagnosis and follow-up of PCM . However , different protocols and reagents are used . We compared here the performance... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Serological Diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis: High Rate of Inter-laboratorial Variability among Medical Mycology Reference Centers |
The relative role of drift versus selection underlying the evolution of bacterial species within the gut microbiota remains poorly understood . The large sizes of bacterial populations in this environment suggest that even adaptive mutations with weak effects , thought to be the most frequently occurring , could substa... | The relative contribution of random loss and migration versus de novo mutation to the overall diversity of the gut microbiota is far from understood . Population sizes of bacterial communities inhabiting the gut can be very large and therefore , both weak and strong effect beneficial mutations theoretically have the op... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"deletion",
"mutation",
"insertion",
"mutation",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"operons",
"cloning",
"mutation",
"nonsense",
"mutation",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"population",
"biology",
"dna",
... | 2016 | A Mutational Hotspot and Strong Selection Contribute to the Order of Mutations Selected for during Escherichia coli Adaptation to the Gut |
Over 112 million people worldwide are infected with Schistosoma haematobium , one of the most prevalent schistosome species affecting humans . Female genital schistosomiasis ( FGS ) occurs when S . haematobium eggs are deposited into the female reproductive tract by adult worms , which can lead to pelvic pain , vaginal... | Over 112 million people worldwide are infected with Schistosoma haematobium worms . S . haematobium eggs tend to be deposited in the tissue of pelvic organs such as the urinary bladder , lower ureters , cervix and vagina . Key sequelae include hematuria , dysuria , urinary frequency , and an increased risk of bladder c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"women's",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"gynecologic",
"infections",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | A New Mouse Model for Female Genital Schistosomiasis |
Regulation of tissue and development specific gene expression patterns underlies the functional specialization of organs in multi-cellular organisms . In the viviparous tsetse fly ( Glossina ) , the female accessory gland is specialized to generate nutrients in the form of a milk-like secretion to support growth of int... | Female tsetse flies ( Diptera: Glossina ) harbor and give birth to live young . To do this , they nourish their intrauterine larvae with milk secretions . This work focuses upon understanding the regulation of tsetse milk proteins , which are essential for fecundity and are expressed in a temporally and spatially speci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"developmental",
"biology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"rna",
"interference",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
... | 2014 | The Homeodomain Protein Ladybird Late Regulates Synthesis of Milk Proteins during Pregnancy in the Tsetse Fly (Glossina morsitans) |
Despite the major public health importance of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) in Latin America , well-designed studies to inform diagnosis , treatment and control interventions are scarce . Few observational studies address prognostic assessment in patients with VL . This study aimed to identify risk factors for death in... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a deadly disease caused by a protozoan called Leishmania . It is transmitted to humans from infected animals by a sandfly bite . Most people actually manage to control the infection and do not get sick , while others develop a range of symptoms . VL impairs the production of blood compo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"pediatrics",
"and",
"child",
"health"
] | 2010 | Risk Factors for Death in Children with Visceral Leishmaniasis |
Unlike in most pathogens , multiple-strain ( polygenomic ) infections of P . falciparum are frequently composed of genetic siblings . These genetic siblings are the result of sexual reproduction and can coinfect the same host when cotransmitted by the same mosquito . The degree with which coinfecting strains are relate... | Genomic studies of P . falciparum reveal that multi-strain infections can include genetically related strains . P . falciparum must reproduce sexually in the mosquito vector . One consequence of sexual reproduction is that parasites cotransmitted by the same mosquito are related to one another . The degree of genetic r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"models"
] | [
"meiosis",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"liver",
"oocysts",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"gametocytes",
"cell",
"processes",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"health",
"care",
"germ",
"ce... | 2018 | Modeling the genetic relatedness of Plasmodium falciparum parasites following meiotic recombination and cotransmission |
Many bacteria exhibit multicellular behaviour , with individuals within a colony coordinating their actions for communal benefit . One example of complex multicellular phenotypes is myxobacterial fruiting body formation , where thousands of cells aggregate into large three-dimensional structures , within which sporulat... | Understanding how relatively simple , single cell bacteria can communicate and coordinate their actions is important for explaining how complex multicellular behaviour can emerge without a central controller . Myxobacteria are particularly interesting in this respect because cells undergo multiple phases of coordinated... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/synthetic",
"biology",
"computer",
"science/applications",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbiology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"developme... | 2010 | Spatial Simulations of Myxobacterial Development |
Patients affected by chronic inflammatory disorders display high amounts of soluble CD95L . This homotrimeric ligand arises from the cleavage by metalloproteases of its membrane-bound counterpart , a strong apoptotic inducer . In contrast , the naturally processed CD95L is viewed as an apoptotic antagonist competing wi... | The “death receptor” CD95 ( also known as Fas ) plays an essential role in ensuring immune tolerance of self antigens as well as in the elimination of the body's cells that have been infected or transformed . This receptor is engaged by the membrane-bound ligand CD95L , which can be released into blood circulation afte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"signal",
"transduction",
"signaling",
"in",
"cellular",
"processes",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"immune",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"membrane",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"t",
"cells",
"immunology",
"biology",
"autoimmunity",
"molecular",
"biolo... | 2011 | The Naturally Processed CD95L Elicits a c-Yes/Calcium/PI3K-Driven Cell Migration Pathway |
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection causes birth defects and life-threatening complications in immunosuppressed patients . Lack of vaccine and need for more effective drugs have driven widespread ongoing therapeutic development efforts against human CMV ( HCMV ) , mostly using murine CMV ( MCMV ) as the model system for ... | Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection is a leading viral cause of birth defects and could be deadly to AIDS patients and organ transplant recipients . Absence of effective vaccines and potent drugs against human CMV ( HCMV ) infections has motivated animal-based studies , mostly based on the mouse model with murine CMV ( M... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Data",
"deposition"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"cytomegalovirus",
"infection",
"viral",
"structure",
"viruses",
"materials",
"science",
"dna",
"viruses",
"protein",
"structure",
"oligomers",
"herpesvirus... | 2019 | Atomic structures and deletion mutant reveal different capsid-binding patterns and functional significance of tegument protein pp150 in murine and human cytomegaloviruses with implications for therapeutic development |
Cell cycle control is fundamental in eukaryotic development . Several modeling efforts have been used to integrate the complex network of interacting molecular components involved in cell cycle dynamics . In this paper , we aimed at recovering the regulatory logic upstream of previously known components of cell cycle c... | In multicellular organisms , cells undergo a cyclic behavior of DNA duplication and delivery of a copy to daughter cells during cell division . In each of the main cell-cycle ( CC ) stages different sets of proteins are active and genes are expressed . Understanding how such cycling cellular behavior emerges and is rob... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | A Dynamic Gene Regulatory Network Model That Recovers the Cyclic Behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Cycle |
Alternative splicing amplifies the information content of the genome , creating multiple mRNA isoforms from single genes . The evolutionarily conserved splicing activator Tra2β ( Sfrs10 ) is essential for mouse embryogenesis and implicated in spermatogenesis . Here we find that Tra2β is up-regulated as the mitotic stem... | Alternative splicing amplifies the informational content of the genome , making multiple mRNA isoforms from single genes . Tra2 proteins bind and activate alternative exons , and in mice Tra2β is essential for embryonic development through unknown target RNAs . Here we report the first target exons that are physiologic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"animal",
"genetics",
"functional",
"genomics",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"gene",
"splicing",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biol... | 2011 | Identification of Evolutionarily Conserved Exons as Regulated Targets for the Splicing Activator Tra2β in Development |
Integration of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) genomes into cellular chromatin is common in HPV-associated cancers . Integration is random , and each site is unique depending on how and where the virus integrates . We recently showed that tandemly integrated HPV16 could result in the formation of a super-enhancer-like ele... | Oncogenic human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection is responsible for ~5% human cancers . A key event in the development of many of these cancers is integration of the viral genome into host chromatin . Integration results in dysregulated expression of the viral oncogenes , which promotes unregulated cellular division an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"dna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"genome",
"genome",
"analysis",
"microbial",
"genomics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"met... | 2018 | HPV integration hijacks and multimerizes a cellular enhancer to generate a viral-cellular super-enhancer that drives high viral oncogene expression |
Genetic variation in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae profoundly influences its ability to transmit malaria . Mosquito gut bacteria are shown to influence the outcome of infections with Plasmodium parasites and are also thought to exert a strong drive on genetic variation through natural selection; however , a link betwe... | In malaria vector mosquitoes , the presence of bacteria and malaria parasites is tightly linked . Bacteria that are part of the mosquito gut ecosystem are critical modulators of the immune response elicited during infection with malaria parasites . Furthermore , responses against oral bacterial infections can affect ma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"zoology",
"immunity",
"entomology",
"innate",
"immunity",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"population",
"biology",
"population... | 2014 | Genetic Dissection of Anopheles gambiae Gut Epithelial Responses to Serratia marcescens |
We surveyed the genetic diversity among avian influenza virus ( AIV ) in wild birds , comprising 167 complete viral genomes from 14 bird species sampled in four locations across the United States . These isolates represented 29 type A influenza virus hemagglutinin ( HA ) and neuraminidase ( NA ) subtype combinations , ... | Influenza A viruses are an extremely divergent group of RNA viruses that infect in a variety of warm-blooded animals , including birds , horses , pigs , and humans . Since they contain a segmented RNA genome , mixed infection can lead to genetic reassortment . It is thought that the natural reservoir of influenza A vir... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"evolutionary",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"ecology"
] | 2008 | The Evolutionary Genetics and Emergence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds |
The Bacillus subtilis GlmR ( formerly YvcK ) protein is essential for growth on gluconeogenic carbon sources . Mutants lacking GlmR display a variety of phenotypes suggestive of impaired cell wall synthesis including antibiotic sensitivity , aberrant cell morphology and lysis . To define the role of GlmR , we selected ... | Bacterial cells are surrounded by a peptidoglycan cell wall that is , under most conditions , required for viability . Synthesis of the cell wall requires a considerable diversion of resources from central carbon metabolism into a lipid-linked precursor ( lipid II ) that is exported from the cell for wall assembly . He... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"pharmacologic",
"analysis",
"deletion",
"mutation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"antibiotic",
"susceptibility",
"testing",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
"operons",
"mutation",
... | 2018 | A metabolic checkpoint protein GlmR is important for diverting carbon into peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis |
The emergence of dengue throughout the tropical world is affecting an increasing proportion of adult cases . The clinical features of dengue in different age groups have not been well examined , especially in the context of early clinical diagnosis . We structured a prospective study of adults ( ≥18 years of age ) pres... | Dengue infection in adults has become increasingly common throughout the world . As most of the clinical features of dengue have been described in children , we undertook a prospective study to determine the early symptoms and signs of dengue in adults . We show here that , overall , dengue cases presented with high ra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"dengue",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | The Early Clinical Features of Dengue in Adults: Challenges for Early Clinical Diagnosis |
From bacteria to multicellular animals , most organisms exhibit declines in survivorship or reproductive performance with increasing age ( “senescence” ) [1] , [2] . Evidence for senescence in clonal plants , however , is scant [3] , [4] . During asexual growth , we expect that somatic mutations , which negatively impa... | Aging has been demonstrated in many animals and even in bacteria , but there is little empirical work showing that clonal plants age . Evidence for aging in long-lived perennials is scarce because it typically requires survivorship or fecundity schedules from long-term demographic data . Given the extreme lifespan of m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"ecology/evolutionary",
"ecology",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"ecology"
] | 2010 | Aging in a Long-Lived Clonal Tree |
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance results from incomplete erasure of parental epigenetic marks during epigenetic reprogramming at fertilization . The significance of this phenomenon , and the mechanism by which it occurs , remains obscure . Here , we show that genetic mutations in Drosophila may cause epigenetic... | It is well known that many genetic mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressors can cause or greatly increase a person's susceptibility to cancer . It is generally assumed that persons should feel relieved if they have not inherited the particular “cancer-causing” mutation carried by their parents . However , we found t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"drosophila",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Evidence for Transgenerational Transmission of Epigenetic Tumor Susceptibility in Drosophila |
Leptospirosis is known to be an important cause of weather disaster-related infectious disease epidemics . In 2011 , an outbreak of leptospirosis occurred in the relatively dry district of Anuradhapura , Sri Lanka where diagnosis was resisted by local practitioners because leptospirosis was not known in the area and th... | Leptospirosis outbreaks occur predictably in Sri Lanka after seasonal rains and flooding in the endemic wet zone . Molecular investigations with quantification of a post-flood leptospirosis outbreak in the non-endemic dry zone of Sri Lanka in 2011 suggest variation of biological , clinical , and molecular characteristi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"environmental",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"leptospirosis"
] | 2014 | Regional Differences of Leptospirosis in Sri Lanka: Observations from a Flood-Associated Outbreak in 2011 |
Infection by Leptospira interrogans has been causally associated with human and equine uveitis . Studies in our laboratories have demonstrated that leptospiral lipoprotein LruA and LruB are expressed in the eyes of uveitic horses , and that antibodies directed against LruA and LruB react with equine lenticular and reti... | Leptospira is the most common infectious cause of uveitis , a potentially debilitating inflammation of the eye . In our earlier work , we discovered that eye fluids of uveitic horses contain high levels of antibodies directed against novel leptospiral proteins , which we named LruA and LruB ( Leptospiral recurrent uvei... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2010 | Cross-Reactivity of Antibodies against Leptospiral Recurrent Uveitis-Associated Proteins A and B (LruA and LruB) with Eye Proteins |
The Australasian and South American marsupial mammals , such as kangaroos and opossums , are the closest living relatives to placental mammals , having shared a common ancestor around 130 million years ago . The evolutionary relationships among the seven marsupial orders have , however , so far eluded resolution . In p... | Ever since the first Europeans reached the Australian shores and were fascinated by the curious marsupials they found , the evolutionary relationships between the living Australian and South American marsupial orders have been intensively investigated . However , neither the morphological nor the more recent molecular ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions |
Despite extensive study , little is known about the origins of the mutualistic bacterial endosymbionts that inhabit approximately 10% of the world's insects . In this study , we characterized a novel opportunistic human pathogen , designated “strain HS , ” and found that it is a close relative of the insect endosymbion... | Many insects harbor symbiotic bacteria that perform diverse functions within their hosts . However , the origins of these associations have been difficult to define . In this study we isolate a novel bacterium from a human infection and show that this bacterium is a close relative of the Sodalis-allied clade of insect ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"genome",
"evolution",
"gene",
"classes",
"microbiology",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"genome",
"databases",
"mutation",
"types",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"mol... | 2012 | A Novel Human-Infection-Derived Bacterium Provides Insights into the Evolutionary Origins of Mutualistic Insect–Bacterial Symbioses |
The Zcchc11 enzyme is implicated in microRNA ( miRNA ) regulation . It can uridylate let-7 precursors to decrease quantities of the mature miRNA in embryonic stem cell lines , suggested to mediate stem cell maintenance . It can uridylate mature miR-26 to relieve silencing activity without impacting miRNA content in can... | MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are molecules that regulate gene expression , usually serving silencing functions . Mechanisms regulating miRNAs are poorly understood . In test tube experiments , the enzyme Zcchc11 adds uridines to the ends of miRNAs and their precursors , with uridyation of miRNA precursors decreasing the quanti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"neonatology",
"insulin-like",
"growth",
"factor",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"growth",
"retardation",
"enzymes",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"integrative",
"physiology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"rna",
"stability",
"pediatrics",
"endocrine",
"p... | 2012 | Zcchc11 Uridylates Mature miRNAs to Enhance Neonatal IGF-1 Expression, Growth, and Survival |
Demonstrations of both pro-apoptotic and pro-survival abilities of Fas ( TNFRSF6/CD95/APO-1 ) have led to a shift from the exclusive “Fas apoptosis” to “Fas multisignals” paradigm and the acceptance that Fas-related therapies face a major challenge , as it remains unclear what determines the mode of Fas signaling . Thr... | The versatility of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members in cell fate regulation is well illustrated by the dual signaling generated by one of the most extensively studied members of the family , Fas ( CD95/TNFSFR6 ) . Upon binding its ligand , Fas is able to elicit both pro-death and pro-survival sign... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"death",
"cell",
"viability",
"testing",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animal",
"signaling",
"and",
"communication",
"tyrosine",
"animal",
"behavior",
"am... | 2016 | An Evolution-Guided Analysis Reveals a Multi-Signaling Regulation of Fas by Tyrosine Phosphorylation and its Implication in Human Cancers |
Neutrophils are the first line of defense at the site of an infection . They encounter and kill microbes intracellularly upon phagocytosis or extracellularly by degranulation of antimicrobial proteins and the release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ( NETs ) . NETs were shown to ensnare and kill microbes . However , t... | Neutrophils are phagocytes that disarm and kill microbes by engulfing them . Less well characterized than their phagocytic killing mechanisms is how neutrophils cope with microbes that are too large to be internalized . Notably , neutrophils may also kill or inhibit extracellularly by releasing Neutrophil Extracellular... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2009 | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Contain Calprotectin, a Cytosolic Protein Complex Involved in Host Defense against Candida albicans |
Genetically identical cells frequently display substantial heterogeneity in gene expression , cellular morphology and physiology . It has been suggested that by rapidly generating a subpopulation with novel phenotypic traits , phenotypic heterogeneity ( or plasticity ) accelerates the rate of adaptive evolution in popu... | Phenotypic heterogeneity of genetically identical cells can generate nonheritable variation in a population . Is this heterogeneity favorable for microbes ? In a changing environment , the answer is a definite yes . While scholars have argued that stochastically generated variation precedes genetic changes and thereby ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"mutation",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"adaptation",
"pharmacology",
"mycology",
"antimicrobial",
"resistance",
"gene",
"expression",
"evolutionary",
"g... | 2017 | Phenotypic heterogeneity promotes adaptive evolution |
Most cartilaginous tumors are formed during skeletal development in locations adjacent to growth plates , suggesting that they arise from disordered endochondral bone growth . Fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR ) 3 signaling plays essential roles in this process; however , the role of FGFR3 in cartilaginous tumor... | Benign cartilaginous tumors , especially osteochondromas and enchondromas , are the most common primary bone tumors in humans . Several hereditary diseases are characterized by the development of cartilaginous tumors , including hereditary multiple exostoses , metachondromatosis , and enchondromatosis , which are cause... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | FGFR3 Deficiency Causes Multiple Chondroma-like Lesions by Upregulating Hedgehog Signaling |
Many bacterial pathogens produce extracellular proteases that degrade the extracellular matrix of the host and therefore are involved in disease pathogenesis . Dichelobacter nodosus is the causative agent of ovine footrot , a highly contagious disease that is characterized by the separation of the hoof from the underly... | Extracellular proteases are produced by many bacterial pathogens and are commonly involved in the degradation of the host extracellular matrix , facilitating invasion and colonization . One such pathogen is Dichelobacter nodosus , the causative agent of ovine footrot , a disease of major economic significance to the in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/protein",
"folding",
"biochemistry/protein",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"biochemistry/structural",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | The Subtilisin-Like Protease AprV2 Is Required for Virulence and Uses a Novel Disulphide-Tethered Exosite to Bind Substrates |
Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is a socio-economically devastating mosquito-borne Neglected Tropical Disease caused by parasitic filarial nematodes . The interaction between the parasite and host , both mosquito and human , during infection , development and persistence is dynamic and delicately balanced . Manipulation of... | Lymphatic filariasis is caused by parasitic nematodes that invade and occupy the host lymphatic system . The extent of lymphatic filariasis is staggering , with over 120 million people infected in 73 endemic countries and an estimated 40 million people suffering from a range of disfiguring and debilitating clinical man... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Release of Small RNA-containing Exosome-like Vesicles from the Human Filarial Parasite Brugia malayi |
Fighting antibiotic resistance requires a deeper understanding of the genetic factors that determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria . Here we describe a chemical-genomic screen in Escherichia coli K-12 that was designed to discover new aspects of antibiotic resistance by focusing on a set of 26 antibiotics a... | Bacterial species differ in their susceptibility to antibiotics but the reason for these differences remains an open question . Understanding the genetic basis of antibiotic susceptibility will be critical for predicting the efficacy of new antibiotics and possibly finding new antibiotic targets . Here we report a larg... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"operons",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"antibiotics",
"plant",
"pathology",
"pharmacology",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structure... | 2016 | A Chemical-Genomic Screen of Neglected Antibiotics Reveals Illicit Transport of Kasugamycin and Blasticidin S |
We have developed an enhanced form of reduced representation bisulfite sequencing with extended genomic coverage , which resulted in greater capture of DNA methylation information of regions lying outside of traditional CpG islands . Applying this method to primary human bone marrow specimens from patients with Acute M... | Acute myeloid leukemias ( AML ) are a group of malignancies that originate in the bone marrow . While many different genetic lesions have been linked to the different forms of this disease , it is also clear that these genetic lesions are not always sufficient to cause AML . DNA methylation plays a role in gene express... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"hematologic",
"cancers",
"and",
"related",
"disorders",
"medicine",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"leukemias",
"genomics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"epigenomics",
"hematology"
] | 2012 | Base-Pair Resolution DNA Methylation Sequencing Reveals Profoundly Divergent Epigenetic Landscapes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
Phylosymbiosis was recently proposed to describe the eco-evolutionary pattern , whereby the ecological relatedness of host-associated microbial communities parallels the phylogeny of related host species . Here , we test the prevalence of phylosymbiosis and its functional significance under highly controlled conditions... | Studies on the assembly and function of host-microbiota symbioses are inherently complicated by the diverse effects of diet , age , sex , host genetics , and endosymbionts . Central to unraveling one effect from the other is an experimental framework that reduces confounders . Using common rearing conditions across fou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"invertebrates",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiome",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"phylogenetics",
"animal",
"models",
"phylogenetics",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organi... | 2016 | Phylosymbiosis: Relationships and Functional Effects of Microbial Communities across Host Evolutionary History |
Within-population genetic diversity is greatest within Africa , while between-population genetic diversity is directly proportional to geographic distance . The most divergent contemporary human populations include the click-speaking forager peoples of southern Africa , broadly defined as Khoesan . Both intra- ( Bantu ... | The Khoesan have received recent attention , as they are the most genetically diverse contemporary human populations . However , Khoesan populations are poorly defined , while archeological evidence suggests a once broader dispersal of click-speaking southern African foragers . Migrations into the regions populated by ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"complexity",
"genomics",
"genome",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"human",
"genetics"
] | 2013 | Complex Patterns of Genomic Admixture within Southern Africa |
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that is transmitted by triatomine vectors to mammals . It is classified in six discrete typing units ( DTUs ) . In Chile , domestic vectorial transmission has been interrupted; however , the parasite is maintained in non-domestic foci . The aim of this study was to describe T .... | Trypanosoma cruzi is a parasite that infects mammals , transmitted by triatomine insect vectors in America , causing Chagas disease in humans . There are six T . cruzi discrete typing units ( DTUs ) . Our goal was to estimate T . cruzi infection rates and describe the DTUs present in mammals and triatomines of Chile , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chile",
"(country)",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"mammals",
"organisms",
"seasons",
"protozoans",
"infectious",
"diseases",
... | 2019 | Spatio-temporal characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and discrete typing units infecting hosts and vectors from non-domestic foci of Chile |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have established a variant , rs10993994 , on chromosome 10q11 as being associated with prostate cancer risk . Since the variant is located outside of a protein-coding region , the target genes driving tumorigenesis are not readily apparent . Two genes nearest to this variant , M... | Family history has long been recognized as an important risk factor for prostate cancer . Beginning in 2006 , researchers have identified several genetic variants that are associated with prostate cancer risk . Intriguingly , the majority of prostate cancer risk variants do not reside in genes . Determining the genes i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"oncology/prostate",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2010 | Analysis of the 10q11 Cancer Risk Locus Implicates MSMB and NCOA4 in Human Prostate Tumorigenesis |
Over 200 , 000 new cases of leprosy are detected each year , of which approximately 7% are associated with grade-2 disabilities ( G2Ds ) . For achieving leprosy elimination , one of the main challenges will be targeting higher risk groups within endemic communities . Nevertheless , the socioeconomic risk markers of lep... | Many cases of leprosy still occur in low and middle-income countries , with a considerable proportion of them leading to permanent nerve damage and visible physical deformities . Disease elimination can be achieved with a better understanding of the sociodemographic characteristics of those most affected by the disease... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"water",
"resources",
"cross-sectional",
"studies",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"health",
"care",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"research",
"design",
"mathematics",... | 2018 | Socioeconomic risk markers of leprosy in high-burden countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
Many pathogenic bacteria cause local infections but occasionally invade into the blood stream , often with fatal outcome . Very little is known about the mechanism underlying the switch from local to invasive infection . In the case of Neisseria gonorrhoeae , phase variable type 4 pili ( T4P ) stabilize local infection... | Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human-specific bacterial pathogen causing gonorrhea . With over 100 million infections per year it is among the most prevalent sexually-transmitted diseases worldwide . Whereas most infections are localized , occasionally N . gonorrhoeae invades the blood stream . The resulting disseminated i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"gonorrhea",
"gram",
"negative",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2013 | Pilus Phase Variation Switches Gonococcal Adherence to Invasion by Caveolin-1-Dependent Host Cell Signaling |
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis affecting mainly tropical and subtropical regions worldwide , particularly South America and the Caribbean . As in many other countries , under-reporting of cases was suspected in the French West Indies because of inadequate access to diagnostic tests for the general population . I... | Leptospirosis is a common disease in tropical regions around the world . It is caused by a bacteria excreted in environmental waters by mammals , especially rodents , through their urine . Leptospirosis has symptoms similar to other tropical diseases , including dengue fever , and early laboratory diagnosis is crucial ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"health",
"care",
"north",
"america",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"caribbean",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"re... | 2016 | Underestimation of Leptospirosis Incidence in the French West Indies |
The formation of DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) must take place during meiosis to ensure the formation of crossovers , which are required for accurate chromosome segregation , therefore avoiding aneuploidy . However , DSB formation must be tightly regulated to maintain genomic integrity . How this regulation operate... | Achieving accurate chromosome segregation is a critical outcome for any cell division process . Programmed DNA double-strand break formation is a central mechanism set in place to promote faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis . A subset of these DSBs is repaired as crossovers via reciprocal exchange of genetic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | NatB Domain-Containing CRA-1 Antagonizes Hydrolase ACER-1 Linking Acetyl-CoA Metabolism to the Initiation of Recombination during C. elegans Meiosis |
Chromosomal abnormalities , such as structural and numerical abnormalities , are a common occurrence in cancer . The close association of homologous chromosomes during interphase , a phenomenon termed somatic chromosome pairing , has been observed in cancerous cells , but the functional consequences of somatic pairing ... | Together , renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) account for approximately 10% of masses that are resected from the kidney . However , the molecular defects that are associated with the development of these neoplasias are not clear . Here , we take advantage of recent advances in genetics and co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"urology/renal",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/cancer",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2008 | Somatic Pairing of Chromosome 19 in Renal Oncocytoma Is Associated with Deregulated ELGN2-Mediated Oxygen-Sensing Response |
The accumulation of heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) deletions and single nucleotide variants ( SNVs ) is a well-accepted facet of the biology of aging , yet comprehensive mutation spectra have not been described . To address this , we have used next generation sequencing of mtDNA-enriched libraries ( Mito-Seq... | Mitochondria are unique among animal organelles in that they contain their own multi-copy genome ( mtDNA ) . For the past 20 years it has been known that tissues like brain and muscle accumulate somatic mtDNA mutations with age . Because individual mtDNA mutations are present at very low levels , few details are known ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Somatic mtDNA Mutation Spectra in the Aging Human Putamen |
Fe-S clusters are ubiquitous cofactors of proteins involved in a variety of essential cellular processes . The biogenesis of Fe-S clusters in the cytosol and their insertion into proteins is accomplished through the cytosolic iron-sulphur protein assembly ( CIA ) machinery . The early- and middle-acting modules of the ... | Cytosolic and nuclear proteins containing iron-sulphur clusters ( Fe-S ) are essential for the survival of every extant eukaryotic cell . The biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and their insertion into proteins is accomplished through the cytosolic iron-sulphur protein assembly ( CIA ) machinery . Recently , the CIA factors t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"rna",
"interference",
"protein",
"interactions",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"trypanosoma",
"brucei",
"fungi",
"trypanosoma",
"brucei",
"gambiense",
"model",
"organisms",
"protozoans",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"mitochondria",
"epigenetics",
"bioenergetics",
"c... | 2018 | Branched late-steps of the cytosolic iron-sulphur cluster assembly machinery of Trypanosoma brucei |
Plant responses to changes in environmental conditions are mediated by a network of signaling events leading to downstream responses , including changes in gene expression and activation of cell death programs . Arabidopsis thaliana RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 ( RCD1 ) has been proposed to regulate plant stress respons... | Reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) are utilized in plants as signaling molecules to regulate development , stress responses and cell death . One extreme form of defense uses programmed cell death ( PCD ) in a scorched earth strategy to deliberately kill off cells invaded by a pathogen . Compared to animals , the regulatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"gene",
"expression",
"plant",
"genomics",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Transcriptomics and Functional Genomics of ROS-Induced Cell Death Regulation by RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 |
A causative role for single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in many genetic disorders has become evident through numerous genome-wide association studies . However , identification of these common causal variants and the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations remains a major challenge . Differential trans... | Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) are a powerful approach to identifying genes contributing to risk of disease . However , individual mapped single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) may not map close to a gene , and it can be difficult to distinguish marker SNPs from causal SNPs . Furthermore , the molecular mec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"functional",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"proteomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Proteome-Wide Analysis of Disease-Associated SNPs That Show Allele-Specific Transcription Factor Binding |
The complement system consists of more than 40 proteins that participate in the inflammatory response and in pathogen killing . Complement inhibitors are necessary to avoid the excessive consumption and activation of this system on host cells . Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by spirochetes from the genus ... | Leptospirosis is a neglected infectious disease of public health significance . It is one of the most important zoonosis worldwide , affecting at least 500 , 000 people each year of which approximately 10–20% of cases are fatal . Most of the cases occur in tropical developing countries which lack proper sanitation faci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Fine Mapping of the Interaction between C4b-Binding Protein and Outer Membrane Proteins LigA and LigB of Pathogenic Leptospira interrogans |
PB1-F2 is a 90 amino acid protein that is expressed from the +1 open reading frame in the PB1 gene of some influenza A viruses and has been shown to contribute to viral pathogenicity . Notably , a serine at position 66 ( 66S ) in PB1-F2 is known to increase virulence compared to an isogenic virus with an asparagine ( 6... | Influenza viruses can cause global pandemics and are thus a major health concern . The novel H1N1 pandemic virus infected a large number of people , but resulted in relatively mild symptoms in the majority of cases . In contrast , the avian H5N1 viruses are associated with a high mortality rate , but are not transmitte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2011 | The Influenza Virus Protein PB1-F2 Inhibits the Induction of Type I Interferon at the Level of the MAVS Adaptor Protein |
Glial cells are exquisitely sensitive to neuronal injury but mechanisms by which glia establish competence to respond to injury , continuously gauge neuronal health , and rapidly activate reactive responses remain poorly defined . Here , we show glial PI3K signaling in the uninjured brain regulates baseline levels of D... | Acute injuries of the central nervous system ( CNS ) trigger a robust reaction from glial cells—a non-neuronal population of cells that regulate and support neural development and physiology . Although this process occurs after all types of CNS trauma in mammals , how it is activated and its precise role in recovery re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroglial",
"development",
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"neural",
"homeostasis",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"neuroscience"
] | 2014 | PI3K Signaling and Stat92E Converge to Modulate Glial Responsiveness to Axonal Injury |
Many problems of cooperation involve repeated interactions among the same groups of individuals . When collective action is at stake , groups often engage in Public Goods Games ( PGG ) , where individuals contribute ( or not ) to a common pool , subsequently sharing the resources . Such scenarios of repeated group inte... | The problem of cooperation has been a target of many studies , and some of the most complex dilemmas arise when we deal with groups repeatedly interacting by means of a Public Goods Game ( PGG ) , where individuals may contribute to a common pool , subsequently sharing the resources . Here we study generalized direct g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"adaptive",
"systems",
"population",
"modeling",
"altruistic",
"behavior",
"stochastic",
"processes",
... | 2014 | Evolution of All-or-None Strategies in Repeated Public Goods Dilemmas |
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