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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metapopulation processes are important determinants of epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics in host-pathogen systems , and are therefore central to explaining observed patterns of disease or genetic diversity . In particular , the spatial scale of interactions between pathogens and their hosts is of primary import... | Relatively little is known about actual patterns of generalisation and specialisation in natural plant-pathogen systems largely because many fewer studies have focused on the pathogenicity structure of pathogen populations than on the resistance structure of their host populations . The spatial scale of interactions be... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"population",
"modeling",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"biology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Evolution of Pathogen Specialisation in a Host Metapopulation: Joint Effects of Host and Pathogen Dispersal |
Food borne trematodes ( FBTs ) are an assemblage of platyhelminth parasites transmitted through the food chain , four of which are recognized as neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) . Fascioliasis stands out among the other NTDs due to its broad and significant impact on both human and animal health , as Fasciola sp . ... | This report presents novel findings revealing ( a ) the genome sequence of the food-borne trematode Fasciola hepatica ( the liver fluke ) isolated from sheep , which stands out among neglected tropical diseases due to its zoonotic impact on both human and animal health and ( b ) the first instance ( and the genome ) of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"helminths",
"computational",
"biology",
"animals",
"trematodes",
"genome",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"fasciola",
"hepatica",
"proteins",
... | 2017 | Genomes of Fasciola hepatica from the Americas Reveal Colonization with Neorickettsia Endobacteria Related to the Agents of Potomac Horse and Human Sennetsu Fevers |
Large-scale codon re-encoding represents a powerful method of attenuating viruses to generate safe and cost-effective vaccines . In contrast to specific approaches of codon re-encoding which modify genome-scale properties , we evaluated the effects of random codon re-encoding on the re-emerging human pathogen Chikungun... | Emerging arthropod-borne viruses ( arboviruses ) are a major cause of human and animal morbidity and mortality . Climatic and anthropological activities are responsible for the dispersal of arbovirus transmission vectors into new territories . Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is an important example of a re-emerging pathoge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"vaccines",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"arboviral",
"infections",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"viral",
"evolution"
] | 2013 | Random Codon Re-encoding Induces Stable Reduction of Replicative Fitness of Chikungunya Virus in Primate and Mosquito Cells |
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome ( BWS ) is a fetal overgrowth and human imprinting disorder resulting from the deregulation of a number of genes , including IGF2 and CDKN1C , in the imprinted gene cluster on chromosome 11p15 . 5 . Most cases are sporadic and result from epimutations at either of the two 11p15 . 5 imprintin... | A small set of genes ( imprinted genes ) are expressed in a “parent-of-origin” manner , a phenomenon known as genomic imprinting . Research in human disorders associated with aberrant genomic imprinting provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of genomic imprinting and the role of imprinted genes in normal growt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/medical",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Germline Mutation in NLRP2 (NALP2) in a Familial Imprinting Disorder (Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome) |
Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen responsible for Legionnaires' disease . This bacterium uses the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system to inject a large number of bacterial proteins into host cells to facilitate the biogenesis of a phagosome permissive for its intracellular growth . Like many highly adapt... | One hallmark of the lysosome is a low luminal pH that is important for its maturation as well as the activity of many hydrolyzing enzymes responsible for efficient digestion of phagocytosed contents . To survive and replicate in phagocytes , successful intracellular pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to circumve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Inhibition of Host Vacuolar H+-ATPase Activity by a Legionella pneumophila Effector |
Macrophages are a heterogeneous cell population strongly influenced by differentiation stimuli that become susceptible to HIV-1 infection after inactivation of the restriction factor SAMHD1 by cyclin-dependent kinases ( CDK ) . Here , we have used primary human monocyte-derived macrophages differentiated through differ... | Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells that provide crucial innate immune defense against pathogens , including HIV-1 . The molecular biology of HIV-1 infection in macrophages is influenced by the presence of the host cell restriction factor SAMHD1 , which is regulated by phosphorylation by cyclin d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"cycle",
"inhibitors",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
... | 2016 | The G1/S Specific Cyclin D2 Is a Regulator of HIV-1 Restriction in Non-proliferating Cells |
Pseudomonas syringae pv . phaseolicola is the causative agent of halo blight in the common bean , Phaseolus vulgaris . P . syringae pv . phaseolicola race 4 strain 1302A contains the avirulence gene avrPphB ( syn . hopAR1 ) , which resides on PPHGI-1 , a 106 kb genomic island . Loss of PPHGI-1 from P . syringae pv . ph... | Bacterial pathogens evolve rapidly through the transfer of large segments , or genomic islands ( GIs ) , of DNA . We study the mobility of an island named PPHGI-1 in Pseudomonas syringae pv . phaseolicola that causes halo-blight disease of bean . The exposure of P . syringae pv . phaseolicola to plant defenses triggers... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"plant",
"pathogens",
"plant",
"pathology",
"plant",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | The Stealth Episome: Suppression of Gene Expression on the Excised Genomic Island PPHGI-1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola |
Human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) US2 , US3 , US6 and US11 act in concert to prevent immune recognition of virally infected cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes through downregulation of MHC class I molecules ( MHC-I ) . Here we show that US2 function goes far beyond MHC-I degradation . A systematic proteomic study using Plasma Me... | As the largest human herpesvirus , HCMV is a paradigm of viral immune evasion and has evolved multiple mechanisms to evade immune detection and enable survival . The HCMV genes US2 , US3 , US6 and US11 promote virus persistence by their ability to downregulate cell surface MHC . We developed ‘Plasma Membrane Profiling’... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Plasma Membrane Profiling Defines an Expanded Class of Cell Surface Proteins Selectively Targeted for Degradation by HCMV US2 in Cooperation with UL141 |
Susceptibility loci identified by GWAS generally account for a limited fraction of heritability . Predictive models based on identified loci also have modest success in risk assessment and therefore are of limited practical use . Many methods have been developed to overcome these limitations by incorporating prior biol... | Several studies try to predict the individual disease risk using genetic data obtained from genome wide association studies ( GWAS ) . Earlier studies only focus on individual genetic variants . However , studies on disease mechanisms suggest the aggregation of genomic variants may contribute to diseases . For this rea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"protein",
"interactions",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"bipolar",
"disorder",
"alleles",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"coronary",
"heart",
"disease",
"network",
... | 2016 | PoCos: Population Covering Locus Sets for Risk Assessment in Complex Diseases |
One of the most critical problems we face in the study of biological systems is building accurate statistical descriptions of them . This problem has been particularly challenging because biological systems typically contain large numbers of interacting elements , which precludes the use of standard brute force approac... | Biological systems are exceedingly complicated: They consist of a large number of elements , those elements interact in nonlinear and highly unpredictable ways , and collective interactions typically play a critical role . It would seem surprising , then , that one could build a quantitative description of biological s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems"
] | 2009 | Pairwise Maximum Entropy Models for Studying Large Biological
Systems: When They Can Work and When They Can't |
During development , cell polarization is often coordinated to harmonize tissue patterning and morphogenesis . However , how extrinsic signals synchronize cell polarization is not understood . In Caenorhabditis elegans , most mitotic cells are polarized along the anterior-posterior axis and divide asymmetrically . Alth... | Proper functions and development of organs often require the synchronized polarization of entire cell groups . How cells coordinate their polarity is poorly understood . One plausible model is that individual cells recognize extrinsic signal gradients that orient their polarity , although this has not been shown in any... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Multiple Wnts Redundantly Control Polarity Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Epithelial Stem Cells |
Recent analyses of human genome sequences have given rise to impressive advances in identifying non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms ( nsSNPs ) . By contrast , the annotation of nsSNPs and their links to diseases are progressing at a much slower pace . Many of the current approaches to analysing disease-assoc... | Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms ( nsSNPs ) are single base differences between individual genomes that lead to amino acid changes in protein sequences . They may influence an individual's susceptibility to disease or response to drugs through their impacts on a protein's structure and hence cause functio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Prediction by Graph Theoretic Measures of Structural Effects in Proteins Arising from Non-Synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms |
Murid γ-herpesvirus-4 ( MuHV-4 ) promotes polyclonal B cell activation and establishes latency in memory B cells via unclear mechanisms . We aimed at exploring whether B cell receptor specificity plays a role in B cell susceptibility to viral latency and how this is related to B cell activation . We first observed that... | Murid γ-herpesvirus-4 ( MuHV-4 ) is a good model to study infectious mononucleosis in mice , in which the virus ultimately establishes life-long latency in B cells . Whereas several viral proteins have been shown to modulate B cell behavior , in the present study we aimed at clarifying the parameters that dictate the e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"humoral",
"immunity",
"antibody-producing",
"cells",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"immune",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"animal",
"cells",
"b",
"cells",
"immunity",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cellular",
... | 2014 | Establishment of Murine Gammaherpesvirus Latency in B Cells Is Not a Stochastic Event |
Otitis media with effusion ( OME ) is the commonest cause of hearing loss in children , yet the underlying genetic pathways and mechanisms involved are incompletely understood . Ventilation of the middle ear with tympanostomy tubes is the commonest surgical procedure in children and the best treatment for chronic OME ,... | Otitis media with effusion ( OME ) is the commonest cause of hearing loss in children , and treatment using grommets remains the commonest surgical procedure in children . Chronic forms of OM are known from human population studies to have a significant genetic component , but little is known of the underlying genes or... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"medicine",
"model",
"organisms",
"otorhinolaryngology",
"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"otolaryngology",
"gene",
"networks",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | HIF–VEGF Pathways Are Critical for Chronic Otitis Media in Junbo and Jeff Mouse Mutants |
European and African descendants settled the continental US during the 17th-19th centuries , coming into contact with established Native American populations . The resulting admixture among these groups yielded a significant reservoir of Native American ancestry in the modern US population . We analyzed the patterns of... | The post-Colombian settling of North America brought African , European , and Native American populations into close proximity for the first time . The inevitable admixture among these groups resulted a reservoir of Native American ancestry in modern US populations , outside of traditional Native American groups . Here... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"united",
"states",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"census",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"ethnicities",
"north",
"america",
"research",
"design",
"latin",
"american",
"people",
"population",
"biology",
"research",
"and",
"ana... | 2019 | Native American admixture recapitulates population-specific migration and settlement of the continental United States |
Central players of the adaptive immune system are the groups of proteins encoded in the major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) , which shape the immune response against pathogens and tolerance to self-peptides . The corresponding genomic region is of particular interest , as it harbors more disease associations than ... | Variation in the human genome influences our susceptibility to infectious diseases , but the causal link between disease and underlying mutation often remains enigmatic . Major histocompatibility complex II ( MHC class II ) molecules shape both our immune response against pathogens and our tolerance of self-peptides . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"biogeography",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"population",
"genetics",
"clinical",
... | 2019 | Pathogen diversity drives the evolution of generalist MHC-II alleles in human populations |
Eukaryotic cells respond to genomic and environmental stresses , such as DNA damage and heat shock ( HS ) , with the synthesis of poly-[ADP-ribose] ( PAR ) at specific chromatin regions , such as DNA breaks or HS genes , by PAR polymerases ( PARP ) . Little is known about the role of this modification during cellular s... | Cells respond to elevated temperatures with the rapid activation of heat shock genes to ensure cellular survival . Heat shock gene activation involves the synthesis of poly-[ADP-ribose] ( PAR ) at heat shock loci , the opening of chromatin structure , and the coordinated recruitment of transcription factors and chromat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Stress-Induced PARP Activation Mediates Recruitment of Drosophila Mi-2 to Promote Heat Shock Gene Expression |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified loci reproducibly associated with pulmonary diseases; however , the molecular mechanism underlying these associations are largely unknown . The objectives of this study were to discover genetic variants affecting gene expression in human lung tissue , to refine s... | Recent genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified genetic variants associated with lung diseases . The challenge now is to find the causal genes in GWAS–nominated chromosomal regions and to characterize the molecular function of disease-associated genetic variants . In this paper , we describe an internat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"respiratory",
"medicine",
"pulmonology"
] | 2012 | Lung eQTLs to Help Reveal the Molecular Underpinnings of Asthma |
Increasing the intracellular Zn2+ concentration with zinc-ionophores like pyrithione ( PT ) can efficiently impair the replication of a variety of RNA viruses , including poliovirus and influenza virus . For some viruses this effect has been attributed to interference with viral polyprotein processing . In this study w... | Positive-stranded RNA ( +RNA ) viruses include many important pathogens . They have evolved a variety of replication strategies , but are unified in the fact that an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ( RdRp ) functions as the core enzyme of their RNA-synthesizing machinery . The RdRp is commonly embedded in a membrane-assoc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"molecular",
"biology/rna-protein",
"interactions",
"virology/antivirals,",
"including",
"modes",
"of",
"action",
"and",
"resistance",
"virology",
"biochemistry/replication",
"and",
"repair"
] | 2010 | Zn2+ Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity In Vitro and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These Viruses in Cell Culture |
Protein thermostability is a crucial factor for biotechnological enzyme applications . Protein engineering studies aimed at improving thermostability have successfully applied both directed evolution and rational design . However , for rational approaches , the major challenge remains the prediction of mutation sites a... | Protein thermostability is a crucial factor for biotechnological enzyme applications . However , performance studies of computational approaches for predicting effects of mutations on protein ( thermo ) stability have suggested that there is still room for improvement . We describe and validate a novel and unique strat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"bonding",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"mutation",
"substitution",
"mutation",
"amino",
"acid",
"substitution",
"network",
"analysis",
"amino",
"acids",
"hydrogen",
"bonding",
"physical",
"chemistry",
"computer",
... | 2016 | Application of Rigidity Theory to the Thermostabilization of Lipase A from Bacillus subtilis |
Proteins secreted by pathogens during host colonization largely determine the outcome of pathogen-host interactions and are commonly called ‘effectors’ . In fungal plant pathogens , coordinated transcriptional up-regulation of effector genes is a key feature of pathogenesis and effectors are often encoded in genomic re... | Eukaryotic genomes are organised . Genomic regions may differ in spatial organisation , chromatin condensation , rate of evolution , GC content , gene expression and transposon density . Many plant pathogenic fungi maintain genomic subcompartments containing specialized genes to facilitate host colonisation . These gen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"transcription",
"factors",
"genetic",
"elements",
"dn... | 2016 | Transcription Factors Encoded on Core and Accessory Chromosomes of Fusarium oxysporum Induce Expression of Effector Genes |
Mammalian and fungal prions arise de novo; however , the mechanism is poorly understood in molecular terms . One strong possibility is that oxidative damage to the non-prion form of a protein may be an important trigger influencing the formation of its heritable prion conformation . We have examined the oxidative stres... | Prions are infectious agents which are composed of misfolded proteins and have been implicated in progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease ( CJD ) . Most prion diseases occur sporadically and are then propagated in a protein-only mechanism via induced protein misfolding . Little is curre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"oxides",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"cell",
"disruption",
"mutation",
"hydrogen",
"peroxide",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"cytoskeleton",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"contrac... | 2017 | Disrupting the cortical actin cytoskeleton points to two distinct mechanisms of yeast [PSI+] prion formation |
Lassa and Junín viruses are the most prominent members of the Arenaviridae family of viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever syndromes Lassa fever and Argentine hemorrhagic fever , respectively . At present , ribavirin is the only antiviral drug indicated for use in treatment of these diseases , but because of its l... | Several viruses in the Arenaviridae family cause severe life-threatening hemorrhagic fever syndromes , which are considered neglected tropical diseases in endemic areas of Africa and South America . Ribavirin , the only licensed antiviral indicated for use has limited efficacy when treating advanced cases of disease an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"viral",
"hemorrhagic",
"fevers",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"venezuelan",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"argentine",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"viral",
"diseases",
"lassa",
"fever"
] | 2011 | Effective Oral Favipiravir (T-705) Therapy Initiated after the Onset of Clinical Disease in a Model of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fever |
The neovascular ( wet ) form of age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) leads to vision loss due to choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) . Since macrophages are important in CNV development , and cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) -specific IgG serum titers in patients with wet AMD are elevated , we hypothesized that chronic CMV... | Neovascular age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly . Onset of AMD is due to local production of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) that promotes formation of new blood vessels in the retina , thereby leading to retinal tissue destruction and blindness . Sinc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Macrophage Activation Associated with Chronic Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Results in More Severe Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization |
Tsetse flies are the notorious transmitters of African trypanosomiasis , a disease caused by the Trypanosoma parasite that affects humans and livestock on the African continent . Metacyclic infection rates in natural tsetse populations with Trypanosoma brucei , including the two human-pathogenic subspecies , are very l... | Human African Trypanosomiasis , or sleeping sickness , is a devastating parasitic disease that is fatal if left untreated . Infections are acquired via the bite of an obligate blood feeding fly , the tsetse fly , that is exclusively present on the African continent . In this insect vector , the trypanosome parasite has... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2010 | Trypanosoma brucei Modifies the Tsetse Salivary Composition, Altering the Fly Feeding Behavior That Favors Parasite Transmission |
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 ( CTLA4 ) is a negative regulator of T-cell proliferation . Polymorphisms in CTLA4 have been inconsistently associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) in populations of European ancestry but have not been examined in African Americans . The prevalence of RA... | Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is a systemic autoimmune condition affecting the synovial membranes of diarthrodial joints . The etiology of RA is unclear but is thought to result from an environmental trigger in the context of genetic predisposition . We report that a single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) ( rs231778 ) in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"rheumatology/rheumatoid",
"arthritis",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2009 | An African Ancestry-Specific Allele of CTLA4 Confers Protection against Rheumatoid Arthritis in African Americans |
MicroRNA cluster mirn23a has previously been shown to promote myeloid development at the expense of lymphoid development in overexpression and knockout mouse models . This polarization is observed early in hematopoietic development , with an increase in common lymphoid progenitors ( CLPs ) and a decrease in all myeloid... | MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are small ~22 nucleotide long RNA molecules that are involved in regulating multiple cellular processes through inhibiting the expression of target proteins . We previously identified a gene ( mirn23a ) that codes for 3 miRNAs that control the development of immune cells in the bone marrow . The mi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"immunology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"micrornas",
"transcr... | 2017 | The miR-23a~27a~24-2 microRNA cluster buffers transcription and signaling pathways during hematopoiesis |
Tracking and isolating live cells based on their proliferative history in live animals remains a technical challenge in animal studies . We have designed a genetic marking system for tracking the proliferative frequency and history of lymphocytes during their development and homeostatic maintenance . This system is bas... | Identification and isolation of live cells based on their proliferative history remains a technical challenge in genetic analysis of animal models . We have designed a novel genetic tool for tracking dividing cells in live animals . The experimental system is based on a fluorescent reporter , whose expression requires ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Tracking Proliferative History in Lymphocyte Development with Cre-Mediated Sister Chromatid Recombination |
Human malaria parasites proliferate in different erythroid cell types during infection . Whilst Plasmodium vivax exhibits a strong preference for immature reticulocytes , the more pathogenic P . falciparum primarily infects mature erythrocytes . In order to assess if these two cell types offer different growth conditio... | Malaria , caused by the Apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium spp . , is a deadly disease which poses a huge health and economic burden over many populations in the world , mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia . To design new intervention strategies and to improve upon existing drugs against malaria , it is useful to unde... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Host Reticulocytes Provide Metabolic Reservoirs That Can Be Exploited by Malaria Parasites |
The genetic cause for approximately 80% of familial breast cancer patients is unknown . Here , by sequencing the entire exomes of nine early-onset familial breast cancer patients without BRCA1/2 mutations ( diagnosed with breast cancer at or before the age of 35 ) we found that two index cases carried a potentially del... | In this study , we aimed to find novel breast cancer susceptibility genes by whole-exome sequencing in nine early-onset familial breast cancer patients without BRCA1/2 mutations . We found that two index cases carried a potentially deleterious mutation in the RECQL gene ( RecQ helicase-like ) . We further screened the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Mutations in RECQL Gene Are Associated with Predisposition to Breast Cancer |
Environmental stress during early development in animals can have profound effects on adult phenotypes via programmed changes in gene expression . Using the nematode C . elegans , we demonstrated previously that adults retain a cellular memory of their developmental experience that is manifested by differences in gene ... | Environmental stress during early development in animals can have profound effects on adult behavior and physiology due to programmed changes in gene expression . However , whether different stresses result in distinct changes in traits that allow stressed animals to better survive and reproduce in future adverse condi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"gonads",
"caenorhabditis",
"gene",
"regulation",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"germ",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"experiment... | 2018 | Early experiences mediate distinct adult gene expression and reproductive programs in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Recent epidemics of Zika virus ( ZIKV ) in the Pacific and the Americas have highlighted its potential as an emerging pathogen of global importance . Both Aedes ( Ae . ) aegypti and Ae . albopictus are known to transmit ZIKV but variable vector competence has been observed between mosquito populations from different ge... | Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that generally causes a mild febrile illness but mostly remains asymptomatic in 50–80% of infections . Infection during pregnancy can cause congenital malformations , notably microcephaly . In adults , it can cause Guillain-Barré syndrome . The recent ZIKV epidemic in th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"australia",
"saliva",
"animals",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"ins... | 2019 | Vector competence of Australian Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus for an epidemic strain of Zika virus |
Recently , most onchocerciasis control programs have begun to focus on elimination . Developing an effective elimination strategy relies upon accurately mapping the extent of endemic foci . In areas of Africa that suffer from a lack of infrastructure and/or political instability , developing such accurate maps has been... | Onchocerciasis , or river blindness , represents a major cause of socio-economic disruption throughout much of Africa . The discovery that Mectizan ( ivermectin ) was effective in treating onchocerciasis , together with the decision of Merck Sharpe and Dohme to donate this drug for the treatment of this disease , revol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"onchocerciasis",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control"
] | 2013 | Validation of a Remote Sensing Model to Identify Simulium damnosum s.l. Breeding Sites in Sub-Saharan Africa |
The Spumaretrovirinae , or foamyviruses ( FVs ) are complex retroviruses that infect many species of monkey and ape . Although FV infection is apparently benign , trans-species zoonosis is commonplace and has resulted in the isolation of the Prototypic Foamy Virus ( PFV ) from human sources and the potential for germ-l... | Foamyviruses ( FVs ) or spuma-retroviruses derive their name from the cytopathic effects they cause in cell culture . By contrast , infection in humans is benign and FVs have entered the human population through zoonosis from apes resulting in the emergence of Prototypic Foamyvirus ( PFV ) . Like all retroviruses FVs c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"medicine",
"protein",
"interactions",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"viral",
"classification",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"protein",
"structure"... | 2013 | A Unique Spumavirus Gag N-terminal Domain with Functional Properties of Orthoretroviral Matrix and Capsid |
Infection of host cells by Toxoplasma gondii is an active process , which is regulated by secretion of microneme ( MICs ) and rhoptry proteins ( ROPs and RONs ) from specialized organelles in the apical pole of the parasite . MIC1 , MIC4 and MIC6 assemble into an adhesin complex secreted on the parasite surface that fu... | Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii , belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum . This phylum comprises important parasites able to infect a broad diversity of animals , including humans . A particularity of T . gondii is its ability to invade virtually any nucleated cell of all warm-blooded animals th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immune",
"cells",
"toxoplasma",
"gondii",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"developmental",
"biology",
"protoz... | 2019 | The lectin-specific activity of Toxoplasma gondii microneme proteins 1 and 4 binds Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 N-glycans to regulate innate immune priming |
The transcription factor CONSTANS ( CO ) is a central component that promotes Arabidopsis flowering under long-day conditions ( LDs ) . Here , we show that the microRNA319-regulated TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF ( TCP ) transcription factors promote photoperiodic flowering through binding to the CO promoter and activ... | Plants monitor day-length changes ( photoperiod ) throughout the year to precisely align their flowering time , which is crucial for successful reproduction . In Arabidopsis , some components , such as CONSTANS ( CO ) , have been proved to play central roles in promoting the photoperiodic flowering under long-day condi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"brassica",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"luminescent",
"proteins",
"genetically",
"modified",
"plants",
"yellow",
"fluores... | 2017 | MicroRNA319-regulated TCPs interact with FBHs and PFT1 to activate CO transcription and control flowering time in Arabidopsis |
Dengue ( DEN ) and yellow fever ( YF ) are re-emerging in East Africa , with contributing drivers to this trend being unplanned urbanization and increasingly adaptable anthropophilic Aedes ( Stegomyia ) vectors . Entomological risk assessment of these diseases remains scarce for much of East Africa and Kenya even in th... | Despite the growing problem of dengue ( DEN ) and yellow fever ( YF ) evidenced from recent outbreaks in East Africa , risk assessment for their transmission and establishment through surveys of populations of the Aedes mosquito vectors , remain scarce . By estimating standard indices for the potential vectors , Aedes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
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"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"insect",
"vectors",
"africa",
"infectious",
... | 2017 | Assessment of risk of dengue and yellow fever virus transmission in three major Kenyan cities based on Stegomyia indices |
An explosive outbreak of dengue fever occurred in Guangdong Province , China in 2014 . A community-based integrated intervention was applied to control this outbreak in the capital city Guangzhou , where dengue epidemic was mainly caused by imported cases . We used a time series generalized additive model based on mete... | Dengue fever , caused by any of the four dengue virus serotypes , is regarded as one of the most important arboviral diseases globally . Guangdong Province in south China has the highest dengue infestation level in mainland China . An explosive outbreak occurred in this province in 2014 , with a total of 36 , 837 cases... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"china",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"health",
"care",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
... | 2016 | Community Involvement in Dengue Outbreak Control: An Integrated Rigorous Intervention Strategy |
Reliable signal transmission constitutes a key requirement for neural circuit function . The propagation of synchronous pulse packets through recurrent circuits is hypothesized to be one robust form of signal transmission and has been extensively studied in computational and theoretical works . Yet , although external ... | Rhythmic activity in the brain is ubiquitous , its functions are debated . Here we show that it may contribute to the reliable transmission of information within brain areas . We find that its effect is particularly strong if we take nonlinear coupling into account . This experimentally found neuronal property implies ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Oscillation-Induced Signal Transmission and Gating in Neural Circuits |
Endothelial cell ( EC ) plasticity in pathological settings has recently been recognized as a driver of disease progression . Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition ( EndMT ) , in which ECs acquire mesenchymal properties , has been described for a wide range of pathologies , including cancer . However , the mechanism re... | Differentiated cells possess unique characteristics to maintain vital activities . However , cells occasionally show abnormal behavior in pathological settings due to dysregulated gene expression . Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition ( EndMT ) is a phenomenon in which endothelial cells lose their characteristics and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
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"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"natural",
"antisense",
"transcripts",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"immunology",
"histone",
"modification",
"oncology",
"micrornas",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"bioa... | 2018 | Downregulation of ERG and FLI1 expression in endothelial cells triggers endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
Identification of genomic regions that are identical by descent ( IBD ) has proven useful for human genetic studies where analyses have led to the discovery of familial relatedness and fine-mapping of disease critical regions . Unfortunately however , IBD analyses have been underutilized in analysis of other organisms ... | There are growing concerns over the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance , which threatens the efficacy of treatments for infectious diseases such as malaria . As such , it is important to understand the dynamics of resistance by investigating population structure , natural selection and disease transmission in m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"plasmodium",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"parasitology",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"antimalarials",
"apicomplexa",
"genome",
"analysis",
"pharmacology",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"genomic",
"signal",
"processing",
"a... | 2018 | Identity-by-descent analyses for measuring population dynamics and selection in recombining pathogens |
Mouse APOBEC3 ( mA3 ) is a cytidine deaminase with antiviral activity . mA3 is linked to the Rfv3 virus resistance factor , a gene responsible for recovery from infection by Friend murine leukemia virus , and mA3 allelic variants differ in their ability to restrict mouse mammary tumor virus . We sequenced mA3 genes fro... | APOBEC3 ( mA3 ) is a cytidine deaminase with antiretroviral activity . Genetic variants of mA3 are associated with the restriction factor Rfv3 ( recovery from Friend leukemia virus ) and with resistance to mouse mammary tumor virus . We sequenced mA3 from laboratory strains and wild mouse species to examine its evoluti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics"
] | 2010 | Adaptive Evolution of Mus Apobec3 Includes Retroviral Insertion and Positive Selection at Two Clusters of Residues Flanking the Substrate Groove |
Viral infections during pregnancy are a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality . Of these , rubella virus infection is a well-substantiated example that leads to miscarriages or severe fetal defects . However , structural information about the rubella virus has been lacking due to the pleomorphic nature of... | Rubella virus ( RV ) causes serious fetal defects when contracted during pregnancy . Despite its medical importance , due to the irregular shapes and different sizes of the virions , the RV structure has remained unknown . Using cryo-electron tomography , we have determined the RV structure , which shows a unique , hel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
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"rubella",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"nucleocapsids",
"viral",
"structure",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"glycoproteins",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medical",... | 2017 | Assembly, maturation and three-dimensional helical structure of the teratogenic rubella virus |
Alphaviruses are a group of widely distributed human and animal pathogens . It is well established that their replication is sensitive to type I IFN treatment , but the mechanism of IFN inhibitory function remains poorly understood . Using a new experimental system , we demonstrate that in the presence of IFN-β , activ... | Alphaviruses represent a group of highly important human pathogens , which are transmitted by mosquito vectors between vertebrate hosts . Alphavirus replication in vertebrates depends on their ability to interfere with host antiviral responses on both cellular and organismal levels . The identification of cellular fact... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | IFIT1 Differentially Interferes with Translation and Replication of Alphavirus Genomes and Promotes Induction of Type I Interferon |
Mitochondria cannot form de novo but require mechanisms that mediate their inheritance to daughter cells . The parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei has a single mitochondrion with a single-unit genome that is physically connected across the two mitochondrial membranes with the basal body of the flagellum . This conne... | Trypanosoma brucei and its relatives are important human and animal pathogens . Unlike most other eukaryotes trypanosomes have a single mitochondrion with a single unit mitochondrial genome , termed the kinetoplast DNA ( kDNA ) . During each cell cycle the kDNA is replicated and subsequently segregated into the two org... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"trypanosoma",
"brucei",
"protozoans",
"mitochondria",
"energy-producing",
"organelles",
"bioenerget... | 2017 | Biogenesis of the mitochondrial DNA inheritance machinery in the mitochondrial outer membrane of Trypanosoma brucei |
Humans and animals are capable of evaluating actions by considering their long-run future rewards through a process described using model-based reinforcement learning ( RL ) algorithms . The mechanisms by which neural circuits perform the computations prescribed by model-based RL remain largely unknown; however , multi... | According to standard models , when confronted with a choice , animals and humans rely on two separate , distinct processes to come to a decision . One process deliberatively evaluates the consequences of each candidate action and is thought to underlie the ability to flexibly come up with novel plans . The other proce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"decision",
"making",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"dopaminergics",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"hormones",... | 2017 | Predictive representations can link model-based reinforcement learning to model-free mechanisms |
Recently , we reported on a new class of naphthoquinone derivatives showing a promising anti-trypanosomatid profile in cell-based experiments . The lead of this series ( B6 , 2-phenoxy-1 , 4-naphthoquinone ) showed an ED50 of 80 nM against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , and a selectivity index of 74 with respect to m... | The multitarget approach can represent a promising strategy for the discovery of innovative drug candidates against neglected tropical diseases . However , multitarget drug discovery can be very demanding , because of the highly time-consuming step related to the fine balancing of the biological activities against sele... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"medicinal",
"chemistry",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Naphthoquinone Derivatives Exert Their Antitrypanosomal Activity via a Multi-Target Mechanism |
Dengue control and prevention rely heavily on insecticide-based interventions . However , insecticide resistance in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti , threatens the continued effectiveness of these tools . The molecular basis of the resistance remains uncharacterised in many endemic countries including Malaysia , preven... | Aedes aegypti is the major vector of emerging or re-emerging arboviruses such as dengue , chikungunya and Zika viruses worldwide . As there is still no vaccine or specific treatment for these diseases , their prevention relies mainly on insecticide-based interventions . Unfortunately , vector control programs are facin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"heme",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"ddt",
"genome",
"analysis",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"insect",
"vectors",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"... | 2017 | Pyrethroid Resistance in Malaysian Populations of Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti Is Mediated by CYP9 Family of Cytochrome P450 Genes |
The threat of the new pandemic influenza A ( H1N1 ) pdm09 imposed a heavy burden on the public health system in Finland in 2009-2010 . An extensive vaccination campaign was set up in the middle of the first pandemic season . However , the true number of infected individuals remains uncertain as the surveillance missed ... | In 2009 , the threat of the new pandemic influenza A ( H1N1 ) pdm09 ( referenced in media as ‘swine flu’ ) created a heavy burden to the public health systems wordwide . In Finland , an extensive vaccination campaign was set up in the middle of the first pandemic season 2009/2010 . However , the true number of infected... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"finland",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"influenza",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"age",
"groups",
"seasons",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"vaccination",
"and",
"immunizati... | 2016 | Revealing the True Incidence of Pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza in Finland during the First Two Seasons — An Analysis Based on a Dynamic Transmission Model |
Secondary plant compounds are strong deterrents of insect oviposition and feeding , but may also be attractants for specialist herbivores . These insect-plant interactions are mediated by insect gustatory receptors ( Grs ) and olfactory receptors ( Ors ) . An analysis of the reference genome of the butterfly Heliconius... | Insects and their chemically-defended hostplants engage in a co-evolutionary arms race but the genetic basis by which suitable host plants are identified by insects is poorly understood . Host plant specializations require specialized sensors by the insects to exploit novel ecological niches . Adult male and female Hel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genomics",
"gustatory",
"system",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"olfactory",
"system",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"gene",
"duplication",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution",
"neuroscience",
"se... | 2013 | Female Behaviour Drives Expression and Evolution of Gustatory Receptors in Butterflies |
Detailed observations of larval Drosophila chemotaxis have characterised the relationship between the odour gradient and the runs , head casts and turns made by the animal . We use a computational model to test whether hypothesised sensorimotor control mechanisms are sufficient to account for larval behaviour . The mod... | The larvae of the fruitfly are attracted to many odours . We use a computational model in which simulated larvae stop , start and redirect their crawling behaviour in response to their experience of changes in odour . We show that three simple rules for switching between behaviours are sufficient to produce larva-like ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | A Model of Drosophila Larva Chemotaxis |
Schistosomiasis japonica is a parasitic disease that remains endemic in seven provinces in the People’s Republic of China ( P . R . China ) . One of the most important measures in the process of schistosomiasis elimination in P . R . China is control of Oncomelania hupensis , the unique intermediate host snail of Schis... | Schistosomiasis japonica is a parasitic disease caused by the infection of Schistosoma japonicum . Oncomelania hupensis , serving as the unique intermediate host of S . japonicum , has a distribution highly correlated with schistosomiasis epidemic . At present , elimination of O . hupensis is still an important target ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Ecological Model to Predict Potential Habitats of Oncomelania hupensis, the Intermediate Host of Schistosoma japonicum in the Mountainous Regions, China |
Most weakly electric fish navigate and communicate by sensing electric signals generated by their muscle-derived electric organs . Adults of one lineage ( Apteronotidae ) , which discharge their electric organs in excess of 1 kHz , instead have an electric organ derived from the axons of specialized spinal neurons ( el... | The electrical properties of excitable cells , such as those in muscle and nervous tissue , were enabled in large part by the evolution of voltage-gated ion channel genes . The regulated conduction of ions through these channels results in the propagation of electrical signals , facilitating communication between cells... | [
"Abstract",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"nervous",
"system",
"vertebrates",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"phylogenetics",
"ion",
"channels",
"data"... | 2018 | Rapid evolution of a voltage-gated sodium channel gene in a lineage of electric fish leads to a persistent sodium current |
The explosion of bioinformatics technologies in the form of next generation sequencing ( NGS ) has facilitated a massive influx of genomics data in the form of short reads . Short read mapping is therefore a fundamental component of next generation sequencing pipelines which routinely match these short reads against re... | The analysis of the microbial communities in and around us is a growing field of study , partly because of its major implications for human health , and partly because high-throughput DNA sequencing technology has only recently emerged to enable us to quantitatively study them . One of the most fundamental steps in ana... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
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"genes",
"database",
"searching",
"next-generation",
"sequencing",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"gene",
"sequencing",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"a... | 2016 | NINJA-OPS: Fast Accurate Marker Gene Alignment Using Concatenated Ribosomes |
Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide relevance . Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Brazil , where it is caused by Leishmania infantum with Lutzomyia longipalpis being the most important invertebrate vector . Non-human primates are susceptible to L . infantum infection . However , little is known about th... | Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution . The disease is endemic in several Brazilian regions , including the city of Belo Horizonte , where visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis . This study evaluated the competence of non-huma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2019 | Competence of non-human primates to transmit Leishmania infantum to the invertebrate vector Lutzomyia longipalpis |
There is great interest in passive transfer of broadly neutralizing antibodies ( bnAbs ) and engineered bispecific antibodies ( Abs ) for prevention of HIV-1 infections due to their in vitro neutralization breadth and potency against global isolates and long in vivo half-lives . We compared the potential of eight bnAbs... | In the absence of effective vaccines , the use of passive transfer of conventional and engineered antibodies to prevent HIV-1 infection is being considered . This approach is promising because of broad efficacy and long in vivo lifetimes of antibodies . We analyzed the potential of leading antibody candidates , and com... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"antibody",
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"pathogens",
"synthetic",
"biology",... | 2018 | Potential of conventional & bispecific broadly neutralizing antibodies for prevention of HIV-1 subtype A, C & D infections |
Newcastle Disease Virus ( NDV ) is a pathogenic strain of avian paramyxovirus ( aPMV-1 ) that is among the most serious of disease threats to the poultry industry worldwide . Viral diversity is high in aPMV-1; eight genotypes are recognized based on phylogenetic reconstruction of gene sequences . Modified live vaccines... | Modified live virus ( MLV ) vaccines have been effective in reducing disease burden and economic loss caused by Newcastle Disease ( ND ) in domestic poultry . Because the vaccine is a live virus , it is transmissible among birds . Thus , vaccination strategies have the potential to impact the evolutionary genetics of w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis"
] | 2010 | The Effect of Vaccination on the Evolution and Population Dynamics of Avian Paramyxovirus-1 |
DNA sequencing identifies common and rare genetic variants for association studies , but studies typically focus on variants in nuclear DNA and ignore the mitochondrial genome . In fact , analyzing variants in mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) sequences presents special problems , which we resolve here with a general solutio... | We present a new program that provides a general solution for the analysis of variation of mtDNA ( the small circular genome in mitochondria , separate from the DNA in the nucleus ) . This is needed because many large-scale genetic studies are using new DNA sequencing technologies to help assess genetic variation and i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Assessing Mitochondrial DNA Variation and Copy Number in Lymphocytes of ~2,000 Sardinians Using Tailored Sequencing Analysis Tools |
Anti-dengue T-cell responses have been implicated in both protection and immunopathology . However , most of the T-cell studies for dengue include few epitopes , with limited knowledge of their inter-serotype variation and the breadth of their human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) affinity . In order to expand our knowledge ... | Although there is an increased recognition of the role of T-cells in both dengue pathogenesis and protection , comprehensive analysis of T-cell activation during dengue infection is hampered by the small repertoire of known human dengue T-cell epitopes . Although dengue serotype 3 ( DENV3 ) is responsible for numerous ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Identification of Conserved and HLA Promiscuous DENV3 T-Cell Epitopes |
Telomerase , particularly its main subunit , the reverse transcriptase , TERT , prevents DNA erosion during eukaryotic chromosomal replication , but also has poorly understood non-canonical functions . Here , in the model social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum , we show that the protein encoded by tert has telomerase-l... | When cells divide , their chromosomes are prone to shrinkage . This risk is reduced by an enzyme that repairs protective caps on each chromosome after cell division . This enzyme , telomerase , also has several other important but unrelated roles in human health . Most importantly , via one or other of its functions , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"glycosylamines",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"dictyosteliomycota",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"telomeres",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"molecular",
"bio... | 2019 | A telomerase with novel non-canonical roles: TERT controls cellular aggregation and tissue size in Dictyostelium |
Podoconiosis ( endemic non-filarial elephantiasis ) is a chronic , non-infectious disease resulting from exposure of bare feet to red-clay soil in tropical highlands . This study examined lay beliefs about three under-researched aspects of podoconiosis patients’ care: explanatory models , health-seeking behaviours and ... | Podoconiosis is a disease that is caused by long-term exposure to red clay soil found in tropical highland areas . This causes swelling of the legs , episodes of intense pain and severe disability . Sufferers of the condition experience stigma and exclusion from the community . Previous work has demonstrated a low rate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"legs",
"health",
"services",
"research",
"behavioral",
"and",
"social",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"herbs",
"health",
"care",
"farms",
"neglected",
"trop... | 2016 | Using Qualitative Methods to Explore Lay Explanatory Models, Health-Seeking Behaviours and Self-Care Practices of Podoconiosis Patients in North-West Ethiopia |
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum ( ENL ) is a humoral immunological response in leprosy that leads to inflammatory skin nodules which may result in nerve and organ damage , and may occur years after antibiotic treatment . Multiple episodes are frequent and suppression requires high doses of immunosuppressive drugs . Global oc... | This systematic review addresses an underpublicized and yet highly significant leprosy topic . Erythema Nodosum Leprosum ( ENL ) is a serious complication in multi-bacillary ( MB ) leprosy that may lead to severe disability . Inflammatory skin nodules may result in nerve and organ damage and require high doses of immun... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | A Systematic Review on the Epidemiological Data of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum, a Type 2 Leprosy Reaction |
Viruses have exerted a constant and potent selective pressure on human genes throughout evolution . We utilized the marks left by selection on allele frequency to identify viral infection-associated allelic variants . Virus diversity ( the number of different viruses in a geographic region ) was used to measure virus-d... | Viruses have represented a constant threat to human communities throughout their history , therefore , human genes involved in anti-viral response can be thought of as targets of virus-driven selective pressure . Here we utilized the marks left by selection to identify viral infection-associated allelic variants . We a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"evolutionary",
"biology/human",
"evolution",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"infectious",
"disea... | 2010 | Genome-Wide Identification of Susceptibility Alleles for Viral Infections through a Population Genetics Approach |
Arenaviruses such as Lassa virus ( LASV ) can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans . As a major impediment to vaccine development , delayed and weak neutralizing antibody ( nAb ) responses represent a unifying characteristic of both natural infection and all vaccine candidates tested to date . To investigate the me... | Neutralizing antibodies ( nAbs ) represent a key principle of antiviral immunity . Protective vaccines aim at inducing nAbs to prevent viral infection , and infusion of nAbs in convalescent patient serum can offer a potent antiviral therapy . Certain viruses , however , have found ways to evade nAb control . Amongst th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Arenavirus Glycan Shield Promotes Neutralizing Antibody Evasion and Protracted Infection |
Accurately describing synaptic interactions between neurons and how interactions change over time are key challenges for systems neuroscience . Although intracellular electrophysiology is a powerful tool for studying synaptic integration and plasticity , it is limited by the small number of neurons that can be recorded... | Synapses play a central role in neural information processing – weighting individual inputs in different ways allows neurons to perform a range of computations , and the changing of synaptic weights over time allows learning and recovery from injury . Intracellular recordings provide the most detailed view of the prope... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Identifying and Tracking Simulated Synaptic Inputs from Neuronal Firing: Insights from In Vitro Experiments |
In Africa , many areas are co-endemic for the two major Schistosoma species , S . mansoni and S . haematobium . Epidemiological studies have suggested that host immunological factors may play an important role in co-endemic areas . As yet , little is known about differences in host immune responses and possible immunol... | In the developing world , over 207 million people are infected with blood-dwelling parasitic Schistosoma worms . Schistosoma haematobium and S . mansoni are the most widespread species . In Africa , they often occur together in the same area , with many people carrying both species . Yet , little is known about the dif... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"neglected",
"tropica... | 2014 | Cytokine Responses to Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium in Relation to Infection in a Co-endemic Focus in Northern Senegal |
The chemotherapy of schistosomiasis currently depends on the use of a single drug , praziquantel . In order to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents we are investigating enzymes involved in the epigenetic modification of chromatin . Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent lysine deacetylases that are involved in a wide variety of ... | Schistosomiasis is a disease affecting more than 200 million people in tropical and sub-tropical countries caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma . The current reliance on a single drug , Praziquantel , for the treatment and control of the disease renders urgent the development of new therapeutic agents... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"gene",
"expression",
"drug",
"discovery",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"parasitology",
"histone",
"modification"
] | 2013 | Schistosoma mansoni Sirtuins: Characterization and Potential as Chemotherapeutic Targets |
Implantable retinal stimulators activate surviving neurons to restore a sense of vision in people who have lost their photoreceptors through degenerative diseases . Complex spatial and temporal interactions occur in the retina during multi-electrode stimulation . Due to these complexities , most existing implants activ... | Implantable neural stimulation devices are being widely used and clinically tested for the restoration of lost function ( e . g . cochlear implants ) and the treatment of neurological disorders . Smart devices that can combine sensing and stimulation will dramatically improve future patient outcomes . To this end , mat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"membrane",
"potential",
"ocular",
"anatomy",
"electrophysiology",
"light",
"neuroscience",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"eigenvalues",
"mathematics",... | 2018 | Electrical receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells: Influence of presynaptic neurons |
The pathogen interference phenotype greatly restricts infection with dengue virus ( DENV ) and other pathogens in Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti , and is a vital component of Wolbachia-based mosquito control . Critically , the phenotype’s causal mechanism is complex and poorly understood , with recent evidence sugges... | Mosquito-transmitted disease severely impacts human health around the world . One novel form of control involves infecting medically important mosquito species with the naturally occurring bacterium Wolbachia , which restricts dengue and malaria transmission through a process called pathogen interference . The interfer... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"plasmodium",
"pathogens",
"diet",
"carbohydrates",
"animals",
"wolbachia",
"parasitology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"apic... | 2016 | Diet-Induced Nutritional Stress and Pathogen Interference in Wolbachia-Infected Aedes aegypti |
Rep68 is a multifunctional protein of the adeno-associated virus ( AAV ) , a parvovirus that is mostly known for its promise as a gene therapy vector . In addition to its role as initiator in viral DNA replication , Rep68 is essential for site-specific integration of the AAV genome into human chromosome 19 . Rep68 is a... | Adeno-associated virus ( AAV ) is a parvovirus with a linear single-stranded DNA genome . Thus far , it is the only eukaryotic virus known to integrate its genome in human cells in a specific region of chromosome 19 . Because no pathologies have been associated with AAV , there is great interest in using AAV as a vecto... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics/replication",
"and",
"repair",
"biochemistry/replication",
"and",
"repair",
"biophysics/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines",
"biochemistry/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines"
] | 2009 | DNA Structure Modulates the Oligomerization Properties of the AAV Initiator Protein Rep68 |
P pili are important adhesive fibres involved in kidney infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains . P pili are assembled by the conserved chaperone–usher pathway , which involves the PapD chaperone and the PapC usher . During pilus assembly , subunits are incorporated into the growing fiber via the donor–stra... | Bacterial adhesion to a host is a crucial step that determines the onset of bacterial infection . It is mediated through recognition of a receptor on the host cell surface by a protein called an adhesin displayed on the surface of the bacterium . Many adhesins are displayed at the tip of specialized organelles called p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biophysics",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | Crystal Structure of the P Pilus Rod Subunit PapA |
Current knowledge about the dynamics of antigen presentation to T cells during viral infection is very poor despite being of fundamental importance to our understanding of anti-viral immunity . Here we use an advanced mass spectrometry method to simultaneously quantify the presentation of eight vaccinia virus peptide-M... | A major mechanism for the detection of virus infection is the recognition by T cells of short peptide fragments ( epitopes ) derived from the degradation of intracellular proteins presented at the cell surface in a complex with class I MHC . Whilst the mechanics of antigen degradation and the loading of peptides onto M... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results"
] | [
"sequencing",
"biochemistry",
"antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition",
"immunity",
"peptide",
"mapping",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2013 | Kinetics of Antigen Expression and Epitope Presentation during Virus Infection |
Cell regulatory circuits integrate diverse , and sometimes conflicting , environmental cues to generate appropriate , condition-dependent responses . Here , we elucidate the components and mechanisms driving a protein-directed RNA switch in the 3′UTR of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) -A . We describe a nov... | Many cells of our body , particularly cells such as monocyte/macrophages involved in host immunity , are exposed to diverse and constantly changing environments . These cells require mechanisms by which they can rapidly respond to multiple , sometimes conflicting , environmental cues to generate appropriate responses .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2013 | The HILDA Complex Coordinates a Conditional Switch in the 3′-Untranslated Region of the VEGFA mRNA |
One of the hurdles to understanding the role of viral quasispecies in RNA virus cross-species transmission ( CST ) events is the need to analyze a densely sampled outbreak using deep sequencing in order to measure the amount of mutation occurring on a small time scale . In 2009 , the California Department of Public Hea... | Understanding the role of genetic variants within a viral population is a necessary step toward predicting and treating emerging infectious diseases . The high mutation rate of RNA viruses increases the ability of these viruses to adapt to diverse hosts and cause new human and zoonotic diseases . The genetic diversity ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Ultra-Deep Sequencing of Intra-host Rabies Virus Populations during Cross-species Transmission |
Despite the importance of G-protein coupled receptors ( GPCRs ) their biogenesis is poorly understood . Like vertebrates , C . elegans uses a large family of GPCRs as chemoreceptors . A subset of these receptors , such as ODR-10 , requires the odr-4 and odr-8 genes to be appropriately localized to sensory cilia . The o... | Despite the importance of G-protein coupled receptors ( GPCRs ) , we know little about their biogenesis . Olfactory receptors form a large and divergent group of GPCRs . We investigate their biogenesis in C . elegans . We show that maturation of a subset of these GPCRs , including the diacetyl receptor ODR-10 , require... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"model",
"organisms",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"gustatory",
"system",
"olfactory",
"system",
"genetics",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"molecular",
"genetics",
... | 2014 | An ER Complex of ODR-4 and ODR-8/Ufm1 Specific Protease 2 Promotes GPCR Maturation by a Ufm1-Independent Mechanism |
Prior GWAS have identified loci associated with red blood cell ( RBC ) traits in populations of European , African , and Asian ancestry . These studies have not included individuals with an Amerindian ancestral background , such as Hispanics/Latinos , nor evaluated the full spectrum of genomic variation beyond single n... | Red blood cells ( RBC ) are important for transport of oxygen to tissues throughout the body . Distribution of RBC traits differs by ethnicity and gender , and both genetic and acquired factors likely contribute to these differences . Prior genetic studies have identified physical regions of the genome associated with ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"Supplemental",
"data"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"alleles",
"red",
"blood",
"cells",
"genome",
"analysis",
"hemoglobin",
"sex",
"chromosomes",
"animal",
"cells",
"proteins",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"x",
"chromosomes",
"genet... | 2017 | Genome-wide association study of red blood cell traits in Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos |
Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans ( HrCLM ) is a neglected tropical skin disease associated with significant clinical pathology . Little knowledge exists about prevalence and risk factors of HrCLM in endemic regions . To understand the epidemiology of HrCLM in Amazonia , we conducted a cross-sectional study in a... | Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans ( HrCLM ) is a parasitic skin disease caused by the penetration of animal hookworm larvae into the human skin . In this compartment the larvae cannot pass the basal membrane and reproduce , but migrate in the outer skin layer for several weeks , causing skin inflammation and int... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"recreation",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"salaries",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"sports",
"cutaneous",
"larva",
"migrans",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
... | 2016 | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hookworm-Related Cutaneous Larva Migrans (HrCLM) in a Resource-Poor Community in Manaus, Brazil |
Longquan City , Zhejiang province , China , has been seriously affected by hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) since the first cases were registered in 1974 . To understand the epidemiology and emergence of HFRS in Longquan , which may be indicative of large parts of rural China , we studied long-term incide... | Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) is a major public health problem in China despite human vaccination . We investigated the epidemiology and emergence of HFRS in Longquan ( Zhejiang Province ) , a rural area with a high incidence of HFRS . During 1974–2011 , a total of 1866 cases of HFRS were recorded in L... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Ongoing Spillover of Hantaan and Gou Hantaviruses from Rodents Is Associated with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in China |
Systems neuroscience has identified a set of canonical large-scale networks in humans . These have predominantly been characterized by resting-state analyses of the task-unconstrained , mind-wandering brain . Their explicit relationship to defined task performance is largely unknown and remains challenging . The presen... | Assuming the central importance of canonical brain networks for realizing human cognitive processes , the present work demonstrates the quantifiability of relative neural networks involvements during psychological tasks . This is achieved by a machine-learning approach that combines exploratory network discovery and in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"neural",
"networks",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"multivariate",
... | 2016 | Formal Models of the Network Co-occurrence Underlying Mental Operations |
The secondary structure of a pre-mRNA influences a number of processing steps including alternative splicing . Since most splicing regulatory proteins bind to single-stranded RNA , the sequestration of RNA into double strands could prevent their binding . Here , we analyzed the secondary structure context of experiment... | Almost all human protein-coding genes contain several exons and introns . Prior to translation , introns have to be removed and exons have to be joined , which happens in a processing step called splicing that generates the mature mRNA . For most genes , certain exons can be either included or excluded from the mature ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mammals",
"eukaryotes",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Pre-mRNA Secondary Structures Influence Exon Recognition |
Diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) remains a challenge both for active screening , which is critical in control of the disease , and in the point-of-care scenario where early and accurate diagnosis is essential . Recently , the first field deployment of a lateral flow rapid diagnostic test ( RDT ) for H... | The most prevalent species of trypanosome causing human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , Trypanosoma brucei gambiense , presents a diagnostic challenge . While early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and also to control transmission , symptoms are non-specific and parasitological diagnosis is laborious an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"trypanosomiasis",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"vet... | 2014 | Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Prototype Rapid Tests for Human African Trypanosomiasis |
The extent and nature of epistatic interactions between mutations are issues of fundamental importance in evolutionary biology . However , they are difficult to study and their influence on adaptation remains poorly understood . Here , we use a systems-level approach to examine epistatic interactions that arose during ... | The effect of a genetic mutation can depend on the genotype of the organism in which it occurs . For example , a mutation that is beneficial in one genetic background might be neutral or even deleterious in another . The interactions between genes that cause this dependence—known as epistasis—play an important role in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"eubacteria"
] | 2008 | Expression Profiles Reveal Parallel Evolution of Epistatic Interactions Involving the CRP Regulon in Escherichia coli |
Meiotic recombination is an essential biological process that generates genetic diversity and ensures proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis . From a large USDA dairy cattle pedigree with over half a million genotyped animals , we extracted 186 , 927 three-generation families , identified over 8 . 5 million m... | Previous studies on cattle recombination largely focused on males . Using a large Holstein sample from the USDA national database , we studied both male and female recombination by assembling paternal and maternal recombination events in at least three generations . This unique data set provides unprecedented statistic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Cattle Sex-Specific Recombination and Genetic Control from a Large Pedigree Analysis |
Arenaviruses cause severe diseases in humans but establish asymptomatic , lifelong infections in rodent reservoirs . Persistently-infected rodents harbor high levels of defective interfering ( DI ) particles , which are thought to be important for establishing persistence and mitigating virus-induced cytopathic effect ... | Arenaviruses cause severe and often fatal diseases in humans yet typically establish lifelong , asymptomatic infections in their rodent reservoirs . Several families of enveloped RNA viruses , including the arenaviruses , encode short amino acid motifs , called late domains , to hijack host proteins in the endosomal so... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicular",
"stomatitis",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"organic",
"compounds",
"vi... | 2016 | The Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Matrix Protein PPXY Late Domain Drives the Production of Defective Interfering Particles |
Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) is a neglected worldwide , zoonotic , vector-borne , tropical disease that is a threat to public health . This threat may spread from endemic to non-endemic areas . Current research has exploited epidemiological , molecular and phylogenetical studies to determine the danger of an outbreak... | Leishmaniasis refers to a disease with three main types of clinical manifestation in infected individuals including cutaneous , mucocutaneous and visceral forms . It is caused by several species of a parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by a small blood-sucking insect called a sandfly . The dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"protozoans"... | 2018 | An outbreak of Leishmania major from an endemic to a non-endemic region posed a public health threat in Iraq from 2014-2017: Epidemiological, molecular and phylogenetic studies |
Although Mycobacterium leprae ( M . leprae ) is usually found in macrophages and nerves of the dermis of patients with multibacillary leprosy , it is also present in all layers of the epidermis , basal , suprabasal , prickle cells , and keratin layers . However , the mechanism by which M . leprae invades the dermis rem... | In the current study , we investigated the issue of how M . leprae is phagocytosed by human epidermal keratinocytes , neonatal ( HEKn ) . We focused on the role of LN-5 , a predominant form of laminin of the epidermis , in the interaction of M . leprae with keratinocytes . Our results show that M . leprae preferentiall... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"skin",
"cell",
"binding",
"cell",
"physiology",
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"keratinocytes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"integumentary",
"system",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"macroglial",
"cells",
"collagens",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"... | 2019 | M. leprae interacts with the human epidermal keratinocytes, neonatal (HEKn) via the binding of laminin-5 with α-dystroglycan, integrin-β1, or -β4 |
Tick-borne relapsing fever spirochetes are maintained in endemic foci that involve a diversity of small mammals and argasid ticks in the genus Ornithodoros . Most epidemiological studies of tick-borne relapsing fever in West Africa caused by Borrelia crocidurae have been conducted in Senegal . The risk for humans to ac... | Tick-borne relapsing fever is a spirochete-caused , recurrent illness acquired by the bite of fast-feeding ticks . In Mali , the potential for people to acquire relapsing fever is unknown although a few human cases have been reported there . Human malaria is also abundant in Mali , and could be complicating the diagnos... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"mammalogy",
"zoology",
"ecology",
"vector",
"biology",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"public",
"health",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"parasitology"
] | 2012 | Endemic Foci of the Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia crocidurae in Mali, West Africa, and the Potential for Human Infection |
We present methods to construct phylogenetic models of tumor progression at the cellular level that include copy number changes at the scale of single genes , entire chromosomes , and the whole genome . The methods are designed for data collected by fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) , an experimental techniqu... | Cancer is an evolutionary system whose growth and development is attributed to aberrations in well-known genes and to cancer-type specific genomic imbalances . Here , we present methods for reconstructing the evolution of individual tumors based on cell-to-cell variations between copy numbers of targeted regions of the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"algorithms",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"mathematics",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"genetics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"bi... | 2014 | Algorithms to Model Single Gene, Single Chromosome, and Whole Genome Copy Number Changes Jointly in Tumor Phylogenetics |
8-oxoG is one of the most common and mutagenic DNA base lesions caused by oxidative damage . However , it has not been possible to study the replication of a known 8-oxoG base in vivo in order to determine the accuracy of its replication , the influence of various components on that accuracy , and the extent to which a... | In the course of normal cellular functions , many types of reactive oxygen species are produced that can lead to oxidative damage in the cell . DNA bases are subject to the formation of various oxidative lesions; one of the most common is the production of 8-oxoG which can pair relatively well with A instead of C , lea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mutagenesis",
"biochemistry",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"dna",
"replication",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"dna",
"dna",
"repair",
"biology",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"saccharomyces",
"cerevisiae"
] | 2013 | In Vivo Bypass of 8-oxodG |
In evolutionary games , reproductive success is determined by payoffs . Weak selection means that even large differences in game outcomes translate into small fitness differences . Many results have been derived using weak selection approximations , in which perturbation analysis facilitates the derivation of analytica... | In evolutionary game dynamics in finite populations , selection intensity plays a key role in determining the impact of the game on reproductive success . Weak selection is often employed to obtain analytical results in evolutionary game theory . We investigate the validity of weak selection predictions for stronger in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Extrapolating Weak Selection in Evolutionary Games |
Infection with Schistosoma spp . affects more than 258 million people worldwide . Current treatment strategies are mainly based on the anthelmintic Praziquantel , which is effective against adult worms but neither prevents re-infection nor cures severe liver damage . The best long-term strategy to control schistosomias... | Schistosomiasis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality , and in the tropics and subtropics in particular , infection rates are high . The efficacy of anthelmintic therapy is limited since it has no effect on immature parasite stages and does not prevent re-infection . The root cause of disease is a granulomat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"liver",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"helminths",
"granulomas",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"fibrosis",
"animals",
"d... | 2017 | Single-sex infection with female Schistosoma mansoni cercariae mitigates hepatic fibrosis after secondary infection |
Theory of Mind ( ToM ) , i . e . the ability to understand others' mental states , endows humans with highly adaptive social skills such as teaching or deceiving . Candidate evolutionary explanations have been proposed for the unique sophistication of human ToM among primates . For example , the Machiavellian intellige... | The contribution of Theory of Mind ( ToM ) , i . e . the ability to understand others' mental states , to the cognitive toolkit of non-human animal species ( including primates ) , is fiercely disputed . We contribute to this debate by ( i ) proposing a computational definition of ToM sophistication that is amenable to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"neuroscience",
"theory",
"of",
"mind",
"mammals",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"animals",
"primates",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"animal",
"behavior",
"cog... | 2017 | Reading wild minds: A computational assay of Theory of Mind sophistication across seven primate species |
Many members of the phylum of Apicomplexa have adopted an obligate intracellular life style and critically depend on active invasion and egress from the infected cells to complete their lytic cycle . Toxoplasma gondii belongs to the coccidian subgroup of the Apicomplexa , and as such , the invasive tachyzoite contains ... | The Apicomplexa phylum groups important pathogens that infect humans and animals . Host cell invasion and egress from infected cells are key events in the lytic cycle of these obligate intracellular parasites . Host cell entry is powered by gliding motility and initiated by the discharge of apical secretory organelles ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | The Conoid Associated Motor MyoH Is Indispensable for Toxoplasma gondii Entry and Exit from Host Cells |
Dengue virus affects millions of people worldwide each year . To date , there is no drug for the treatment of dengue-associated disease . Nucleosides are effective antivirals and work by inhibiting the accurate replication of the viral genome . Nucleobases offer a cheaper alternative to nucleosides for broad antiviral ... | Dengue virus is a world-wide public health menace estimated to infect hundreds of millions of people per year . Vaccines to prevent dengue virus infection have had limited success due in part to the requirement to elicit effective immune responses against the four dengue serotypes . There is an urgent unmet need for an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"glycosylamines",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nucleobases",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"nucleotides",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"genome",
"microbial",
"... | 2018 | Nucleobases and corresponding nucleosides display potent antiviral activities against dengue virus possibly through viral lethal mutagenesis |
Local and spontaneous calcium signals play important roles in neurons and neuronal networks . Spontaneous or cell-autonomous calcium signals may be difficult to assess because they appear in an unpredictable spatiotemporal pattern and in very small neuronal loci of axons or dendrites . We developed an open source bioin... | Calcium imaging has become a standard tool to investigate local , spontaneous , or cell-autonomous calcium signals in neurons . Some of these calcium signals are fast and ‘small’ , thus making it difficult to identify real signaling events due to an unavoidable signal noise . Therefore , it is difficult to assess the s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Design",
"and",
"implementation",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Availability",
"and",
"future",
"directions"
] | [
"wavelet",
"transforms",
"action",
"potentials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"signal",
"processing",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"neurites",
"calcium",
"signaling",
"neuronal",
"dendrites",
... | 2018 | An open source tool for automatic spatiotemporal assessment of calcium transients and local ‘signal-close-to-noise’ activity in calcium imaging data |
Dendritic cells ( DCs ) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immune responses , playing a pivotal role in triggering antigen-specific immunity . Antigen uptake by DCs induces maturational changes that include increased surface expression of major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) ... | Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection and is one of the main causes of febrile illness in the Asia-Pacific region . If not properly treated with antibiotics , patients often develop severe vasculitis that affects multiple organs , and the mortality rate of untreated patient... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immune",
"cells",
"antigen-presenting",
"cells",
"immunology",
"biology",
"scrub",
"typhus"
] | 2013 | Orientia tsutsugamushi Subverts Dendritic Cell Functions by Escaping from Autophagy and Impairing Their Migration |
Multicopy single-stranded DNAs ( msDNAs ) are hybrid RNA-DNA molecules encoded on retroelements called retrons and produced by the action of retron reverse transcriptases . Retrons are widespread in bacteria but the natural function of msDNA has remained elusive despite 30 years of study . The major roadblock to elucid... | Multicopy single-stranded DNA ( msDNA ) is a unique molecule consisting of both an RNA and DNA portion . This molecule is produced by a reverse transcriptase and has no known natural function despite more than 30 years of study . We report that msDNA is important for both Salmonella Typhimurium and an enteropathogenic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Multicopy Single-Stranded DNA Directs Intestinal Colonization of Enteric Pathogens |
Despite the growing number of immune repertoire sequencing studies , the field still lacks software for analysis and comprehension of this high-dimensional data . Here we report VDJtools , a complementary software suite that solves a wide range of T cell receptor ( TCR ) repertoires post-analysis tasks , provides a det... | High-throughput profiling of T- and B-cell antigen receptor repertoires promises great advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptive immune system function , treatment of autoimmune and infectious diseases , and development of novel approaches in cancer immunotherapy . A number of recently develop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Design",
"and",
"Implementation",
"Results",
"Availability",
"and",
"Future",
"Directions"
] | [] | 2015 | VDJtools: Unifying Post-analysis of T Cell Receptor Repertoires |
How cells regulate their size from one generation to the next has remained an enigma for decades . Recently , a molecular mechanism that links cell size and cell cycle was proposed in fission yeast . This mechanism involves changes in the spatial cellular distribution of two proteins , Pom1 and Cdr2 , as the cell grows... | Cells delay division into two daughter cells until they reach a particular size . However , the molecular-level mechanisms by which they do this have remained unknown until recently . A cell-size checkpoint mechanism in rod-shaped fission yeast cells has recently been shown to involve two proteins , Pom1 and Cdr2 . The... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics",
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Mathematical Model of a Cell Size Checkpoint |
Over the past few decades , land-use and climate change have led to substantial range contractions and species extinctions . Even more dramatic changes to global land cover are projected for this century . We used the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios to evaluate the exposure of all 8 , 750 land bird species to... | Land conversion and climate change have already had significant impacts on biodiversity and associated ecosystem services . Using future land-cover projections from the recently completed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment , we found that 950–1 , 800 of the world's 8 , 750 species of land birds could be imperiled by clima... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"birds",
"ecology"
] | 2007 | Projected Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on the Global Diversity of Birds |
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