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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important pathogen that causes food-borne gastroenteritis in humans . The type III secretion system encoded on chromosome 2 ( T3SS2 ) plays a critical role in the enterotoxic activity of V . parahaemolyticus . Previous studies have demonstrated that T3SS2 induces actin stress fibers in var... | Many bacterial pathogens manipulate the actin cytoskeleton of mammalian cells to establish pathogenesis via invasion , to evade killing by phagocytes , to disrupt a barrier function , and to induce inflammation caused by translocation type III secretion ( T3S ) effector proteins . We demonstrated that the T3S effector ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Interaction between the Type III Effector VopO and GEF-H1 Activates the RhoA-ROCK Pathway |
Neuronal membrane potential resonance ( MPR ) is associated with subthreshold and network oscillations . A number of voltage-gated ionic currents can contribute to the generation or amplification of MPR , but how the interaction of these currents with linear currents contributes to MPR is not well understood . We explo... | Many neuron types exhibit membrane potential resonance ( MPR ) in which the neuron produces the largest response to oscillatory input at some preferred ( resonant ) frequency and , in many systems , the network frequency is correlated with neuronal MPR . MPR is captured by a peak in the impedance vs . frequency curve (... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"resonance",
"frequency",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"crabs",
"crustaceans",
"ionic",
"current",
"bioenergetics",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
... | 2017 | Mechanisms of generation of membrane potential resonance in a neuron with multiple resonant ionic currents |
Most utility theories of choice assume that the introduction of an irrelevant option ( called the decoy ) to a choice set does not change the preference between existing options . On the contrary , a wealth of behavioral data demonstrates the dependence of preference on the decoy and on the context in which the options... | While faced with a decision between two options for which you have no clear preference ( say , a small cheap TV and a large expensive TV ) , you are presented with a new but inferior option ( say , a medium expensive TV ) . The mere presence of the new option , which you would not select anyway , shifts your preference... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"decision",
"making",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | A Range-Normalization Model of Context-Dependent Choice: A New Model and Evidence |
Seminal fluid proteins affect fertility at multiple stages in reproduction . In many species , a male's ejaculate coagulates to form a copulatory plug . Although taxonomically widespread , the molecular details of plug formation remain poorly understood , limiting our ability to manipulate the structure and understand ... | Male reproductive fitness is strongly affected by seminal fluid . In many animals , the male's ejaculate coagulates in the female's reproductive tract to form a structure known as the copulatory plug . Here , I show that male mice without a functional copy of the gene transglutaminase IV cannot form a plug and suffer s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"genetics",
"reproductive",
"system",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"sexual",
"reproduction",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"sexual",
"selection",
"biology",
"mouse",
"mutagenesis",
"physiology",
"geneti... | 2013 | Genetic Disruption of the Copulatory Plug in Mice Leads to Severely Reduced Fertility |
Only limited information is currently available on the prevalence of vector borne and zoonotic pathogens in dogs and ticks in Nigeria . The aim of this study was to use molecular techniques to detect and characterize vector borne pathogens in dogs and ticks from Nigeria . Blood samples and ticks ( Rhipicephalus sanguin... | In Nigeria , dogs are not only kept as pets , but are also used for hunting as well as a source of animal protein among some ethnic groups . Ticks are known to infest dogs and serve as vectors for some pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance . There is limited information on the prevalence and distribution of v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2013 | Molecular Detection and Characterization of Tick-borne Pathogens in Dogs and Ticks from Nigeria |
Esophageal cancer occurs as either squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC ) or adenocarcinoma . ESCCs comprise almost 90% of cases worldwide , and recur with a less than 15% five-year survival rate despite available treatments . The identification of new ESCC drivers and therapeutic targets is critical for improving outcomes .... | The DEK oncogene is overexpressed in nearly all human cancers and portends a poor prognosis for many cancer types . High DEK expression causes cancer related phenotypes such as increased cellular proliferation , migration , and invasion in vitro . Despite the well documented link between high DEK expression and cancer ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"keratinocytes",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"carcinomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"oncology",
"model",
"organisms",
"tongue",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"molecular",
"biol... | 2018 | Dek overexpression in murine epithelia increases overt esophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence |
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are 19 to 23 nucleotide–long RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression . Human cells express several hundred miRNAs which regulate important biological pathways such as development , proliferation , and apoptosis . Recently , 12 miRNA genes have been identified within the genome of ... | Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is a gamma-herpesvirus associated with Kaposi sarcoma , primary effusion lymphoma , and a subset of muticentric Castleman disease . Recently , it was found that KSHV encodes 12 microRNAs ( miRNAs ) within its latency-associated region . miRNAs are small ∼22 nucleotide-long... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"microrna",
"targets",
"kshv",
"virology"
] | 2007 | Identification of Cellular Genes Targeted by KSHV-Encoded MicroRNAs |
While sexual reproduction is pervasive in eukaryotic cells , the strategies employed by fungal species to achieve and complete sexual cycles is highly diverse and complex . Many fungi , including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe , are homothallic ( able to mate with their own mitotic descendants )... | Candida albicans is notorious as a human fungal pathogen that causes millions of incidents of thrush and systemic infection every year . Sexual reproduction plays a pivotal role in the biology and survival of pathogenic fungal pathogens . However , C . albicans is predominantly clonal , suggesting that mating and recom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"stress",
"responses",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
... | 2019 | Environment-induced same-sex mating in the yeast Candida albicans through the Hsf1–Hsp90 pathway |
The ability of phagocytes to clear pathogens is an essential attribute of the innate immune response . The role of signaling lipid molecules such as phosphoinositides is well established , but the role of membrane sphingolipids in phagocytosis is largely unknown . Using a genetic approach and small molecule inhibitors ... | The fungus Candida albicans is not only a commensal of the digestive system , but also a common cause of human opportunistic infections . Macrophages and dendritic cells can eliminate C . albicans by phagocytosis , a complex process that involves extensive membrane reorganization at the cell surface . The extent to whi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Disruption of Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Blocks Phagocytosis of Candida albicans |
HIV-1 can downregulate HLA-C on infected cells , using the viral protein Vpu , and the magnitude of this downregulation varies widely between primary HIV-1 variants . The selection pressures that result in viral downregulation of HLA-C in some individuals , but preservation of surface HLA-C in others are not clear . To... | HLA-C is a member of the major histocompatibility complex class-I ( MHC-I ) family of molecules which are integral to many responses of innate and adaptive immunity . HIV-1 can downregulate the expression level of HLA-C on infected cells , using the viral protein Vpu , but the magnitude of HLA-C downregulation varies w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"im... | 2018 | HLA-C downregulation by HIV-1 adapts to host HLA genotype |
Defining the most penetrating correlates of protective memory T cells is key for designing improved vaccines and T cell therapies . Here , we evaluate how interleukin ( IL-2 ) production by memory CD4 T cells , a widely held indicator of their protective potential , impacts immune responses against murine influenza A v... | We show that memory CD4 T cell mediated protection against influenza A virus is independent of the signature multifunctional cytokine IL-2 that is thought to define the most protective memory cells . IL-2 deficient cells are more effective than wild-type memory cells on a per cell basis at combating IAV and drive tempe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"cytokines",
"pathogens",
"immunology... | 2019 | Memory CD4 T cell-derived IL-2 synergizes with viral infection to exacerbate lung inflammation |
Structural diversity in the peptide binding sites of the redundant classical MHC antigen presenting molecules is strongly selected in humans and mice . Although the encoded antigen presenting molecules overlap in antigen presenting function , differences in polymorphism at the MHC I A , B and C loci in humans and highe... | MHC I genes are best understood as regulators of antiviral immunity . In humans and mice there are 2 to 3 homologous MHC I genes encoding highly polymorphic antigen presenting molecules which present virus proteins to T lymphocytes . A world wide effort has catalogued more than 6 , 300 classical HLA MHC I alleles in hu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"immunology",
"population",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Nonequivalence of Classical MHC Class I Loci in Ability to Direct Effective Antiviral Immunity |
DNA methylation acts in concert with restriction enzymes to protect the integrity of prokaryotic genomes . Studies in a limited number of organisms suggest that methylation also contributes to prokaryotic genome regulation , but the prevalence and properties of such non-restriction-associated methylation systems remain... | DNA methylation is a chemical modification of DNA present in many prokaryotic genomes . The best-known role of DNA methylation is as a component of restriction-modification systems . In these systems , restriction enzymes target foreign DNA for cleavage , while DNA methylation protects the host genome from destruction ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulator",
"genes",
"dna",
"replication",
"genome",
"analysis",
"gene",
"types",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"dna",
"methylation",
"chromatin",
"research... | 2016 | The Epigenomic Landscape of Prokaryotes |
Non-enveloped viruses penetrate host membranes to infect cells . A cell-based assay was used to probe the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) -to-cytosol membrane transport of the non-enveloped SV40 . We found that , upon ER arrival , SV40 is released into the lumen and undergoes sequential disulfide bond disruptions to reach... | Biological membranes represent a major barrier during viral infection . While the mechanism by which an enveloped virus breaches the limiting membrane of a host cell is well-characterized , this membrane penetration process is poorly understood for non-enveloped viruses . Indeed , most available insights on membrane tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | A Large and Intact Viral Particle Penetrates the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane to Reach the Cytosol |
Sex determination is a hierarchically-regulated process with high diversity in different organisms including insects . The W chromosome-derived Fem piRNA has been identified as the primary sex determination factor in the lepidopteran insect , Bombyx mori , revealing a distinctive piRNA-mediated sex determination pathwa... | Sex determination is an essential and universal process for metazoan reproduction and development . Insect sex determination is highly diverse , especially for the primary signal and transductory genes . Mechanism of sex determination in the model lepidopteran insect , Bombyx mori , is largely unknown , although a piRN... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"animals",
"reproductive",
"physiology",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"silkworms",
"immunopr... | 2018 | Bombyx mori histone methyltransferase BmAsh2 is essential for silkworm piRNA-mediated sex determination |
Genome-wide association analysis in populations of European descent has recently found more than a hundred genetic variants affecting risk for common disease . An open question , however , is how relevant the variants discovered in Europeans are to other populations . To address this problem for cardiovascular phenotyp... | Single-base changes in DNA can affect biochemical measures , such as blood cholesterol or lipid levels . Such changes or “variants” can be associated with a trait either because they cause the trait or because they are linked to other causal variants . In either case , the associated variant ( s ) may be useful in pred... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/coronary",
"artery",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2009 | Genetic Differences between the Determinants of Lipid Profile Phenotypes in African and European Americans: The Jackson Heart Study |
Nucleoporins are the constituents of nuclear pore complexes ( NPCs ) and are essential regulators of nucleocytoplasmic transport , gene expression and genome stability . The nucleoporin MEL-28/ELYS plays a critical role in post-mitotic NPC reassembly through recruitment of the NUP107-160 subcomplex , and is required fo... | Most animal cells have a nucleus that contains the genetic material: the chromosomes . The nucleus is enclosed by the nuclear envelope , which provides a physical barrier between the chromosomes and the surrounding cytoplasm , and enables precisely controlled transport of proteins into and out of the nucleus . Transpor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"caenorhabditis",
"metaphase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"light",
"microscopy",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"mitosis",
"germ",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"oocytes",
"model"... | 2016 | Identification of Conserved MEL-28/ELYS Domains with Essential Roles in Nuclear Assembly and Chromosome Segregation |
Based on our initial observations showing that mice consuming a probiotic product develop more severe cryptosporidiosis , we investigated the impact of other dietary interventions on the intracellular proliferation of Cryptosporidium parvum and C . tyzzeri in the mouse . Mice were orally infected with oocysts and paras... | The infection with Cryptosporidium parasite , a condition known as cryptosporidiosis , is a common cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries . We have previously shown that mice infected with C . parvum , one of the main cause of human cryptosporidiosis , develop a more severe infection if given probiotics . To ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"oocysts",
"microbiome",
"microbiology",
"diet",
"cryptosporidium",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"apicomplexa",
"nutrition",
"protozoans",
"cryptosporidiosis",
"microbial",
... | 2019 | Deprivation of dietary fiber enhances susceptibility of mice to cryptosporidiosis |
Immunity to the sand fly salivary protein SALO ( Salivary Anticomplement of Lutzomyia longipalpis ) protected hamsters against Leishmania infantum and L . braziliensis infection and , more recently , a vaccine combination of a genetically modified Leishmania with SALO conferred strong protection against L . donovani in... | Immunity to sand fly salivary proteins has been shown to confer protection against leishmaniasis in rodent models . Recombinant salivary protein SALO ( Salivary Anticomplement of Lutzomyia longipalpis ) was shown to protect hamsters against the fatal outcome of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum and t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pichia",
"pastoris",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"vaccines",
"fungi",
"protein",
"structure",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseas... | 2017 | Structure of SALO, a leishmaniasis vaccine candidate from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis |
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter spp . have been investigated extensively . Most studies focused on the multiple antibiotic resistance genes located on plasmids or genomic resistance islands . On the other hand , the mechanisms controlling intrinsic resistance are still not well und... | The level of interest in intrinsic resistance genes has increased recently , and one of reasons is that their mobilization could lead to emergence of resistant pathogens . Insertion sequences ( ISs ) or plasmids can capture intrinsic resistance genes and disseminate them in bacterial populations . In this study , we id... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"streptomycin",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"antibiotics",
"phylogenetic",
"anal... | 2017 | A new subclass of intrinsic aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferases, ANT(3")-II, is horizontally transferred among Acinetobacter spp. by homologous recombination |
Intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infections constitute major public health problems in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa . In this study we examined the functional significance of such polyparasite infections in anemia and undernutrition in Rwandan individuals . Three polyparasite infecti... | The helminth infections—schistosomiasis , hookworm , ascariasis and trichuriasis—are the main neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) to thrive in sub-Saharan Africa . Here we assess the distribution and the intensities of such polyparasite infections in two districts of the Northern Province in Rwanda and determine wheth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/global",
"health",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"mathematics/statistics"
] | 2009 | Polyparasite Helminth Infections and Their Association to Anaemia and Undernutrition in Northern Rwanda |
The last 20 years has seen a significant series of outbreaks of Buruli/Bairnsdale Ulcer ( BU ) , caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans , in temperate south-eastern Australia ( state of Victoria ) . Here , the prevailing view of M . ulcerans as an aquatic pathogen has been questioned by recent research identifying native wil... | Mycobacterium ulcerans causes the disfiguring human skin disease Buruli ulcer ( BU ) . The mechanism of transmission and reservoir for human infection remain unknown . In previous research , we reported the detection of M . ulcerans DNA in the faeces of possums ( small tree-dwelling marsupials ) in an area of South-Eas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2014 | Potential Wildlife Sentinels for Monitoring the Endemic Spread of Human Buruli Ulcer in South-East Australia |
Poxviruses have evolved unique proteins and mechanisms to counteract the nuclear factor κB ( NF-κB ) signaling pathway , which is an essential regulatory pathway of host innate immune responses . Here , we describe a NF-κB inhibitory virion protein of orf virus ( ORFV ) , ORFV073 , which functions very early in infecte... | Successful infection of the host by poxviruses relies on control of innate immune responses by virus-encoded immunomodulators . In particular , poxviruses evolved to counteract the NF-κB pathway by encoding multiple inhibitors targeting various levels of NF-κB signaling . We identified a NF-κB inhibitor encoded by ORFV... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"ruminants",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"viral",
"structure",
"animals",
"mammals",
"esters",
"dna",
"transcription",
"signal",
"inhibition",
"am... | 2017 | A parapoxviral virion protein inhibits NF-κB signaling early in infection |
The anthelmintic praziquantel ( ±PZQ ) serves as a highly effective antischistosomal therapy . ±PZQ causes a rapid paralysis of adult schistosome worms and deleterious effects on the worm tegument . In addition to these activities against the parasite , ±PZQ also modulates host vascular tone in blood vessels where the ... | Praziquantel is a key drug for combating diseases caused by parasitic flatworms . It is the therapeutic mainstay for treatment of schistosomiasis , a disease that afflicts over 200 million people worldwide . In this study , we investigate potential molecular targets of praziquantel , and demonstrate interactions with s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Host",
"target(s)",
"of",
"±PZQ",
"Parasite",
"target(s)",
"of",
"±PZQ"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"stereoisomers",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"helminths",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"membrane",
"potential",
"mesenteric",
"arteries",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"ani... | 2018 | Activation of host transient receptor potential (TRP) channels by praziquantel stereoisomers |
Cercospora zeae-maydis causes gray leaf spot of maize , which has become one of the most widespread and destructive diseases of maize in the world . C . zeae-maydis infects leaves through stomata , which is predicated on the ability of the pathogen to perceive stomata and reorient growth accordingly . In this study , t... | Fungal diseases of crop plants are a significant threat to global food security . Improving host resistance is the most cost-effective and environmentally sound strategy for sustainable disease management . However , many devastating diseases of important crops have proven impossible to manage through genetic resistanc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"sustainable",
"agriculture",
"plant",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"fungal",
"reproduction",
"morphogenesis",
"mycology",
"... | 2011 | Regulation of Stomatal Tropism and Infection by Light in Cercospora zeae-maydis: Evidence for Coordinated Host/Pathogen Responses to Photoperiod? |
Antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) effectively controls HIV infection , suppressing HIV viral loads . However , some residual virus remains , below the level of detection , in HIV-infected patients on ART . The source of this viremia is an area of debate: does it derive primarily from activation of infected cells in the la... | In HIV+ individuals , antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) effectively controls HIV viral loads to below levels detectable by routine tests . However , more sensitive tests can detect some residual viremia . The source of this virus is a matter of debate: does it derive from ongoing viral replication , or from viral producti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Residual Viremia in Treated HIV+ Individuals |
As an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases , p16INK4A is an important tumour suppressor and inducer of cellular senescence that is often inactivated during the development of cancer by promoter DNA methylation . Using newly established lymphoblastoid cell lines ( LCLs ) expressing a conditional EBNA3C from recombinant... | We previously showed that two Epstein-Barr virus latency-associated proteins—EBNA3A and EBNA3C—contribute to enhanced B cell survival by inhibiting the expression of the death-inducing protein BIM . This repression involves remodelling of the BIM gene promoter by polycomb proteins and DNA methylation within an unusuall... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"initiation",
"and",
"activation",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"di... | 2010 | Epigenetic Repression of p16INK4A by Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Requires the Interaction of EBNA3A and EBNA3C with CtBP |
There is an increasing need to evaluate the impact of chemotherapeutic and vector-based interventions as onchocerciasis affected countries work towards eliminating the disease . The Esperanza Window Trap ( EWT ) provides a possible alternative to human landing collections ( HLCs ) for the collection of anthropophilic b... | Using human bait to collect blood-feeding insects is an ethically sensitive issue . Whereas researchers investigating insect-borne diseases such as sleeping sickness , leishmaniasis and malaria have a range of traps at their disposal , those investigating blackflies and river blindness ( onchocerciasis ) still rely on ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"onchocerca",
"volvulus",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"ruminants",
"helminths",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"uganda",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"diptera",
"... | 2017 | Esperanza Window Traps for the collection of anthropophilic blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Uganda and Tanzania |
Pathogens hijack host endocytic pathways to force their own entry into eukaryotic target cells . Many bacteria either exploit receptor-mediated zippering or inject virulence proteins directly to trigger membrane reorganisation and cytoskeletal rearrangements . By contrast , extracellular C . trachomatis elementary bodi... | Chlamydia trachomatis remains the leading bacterial agent of sexually transmitted disease worldwide and causes a form of blindness called trachoma in Developing nations , which is recognised by the World Health Organisation as a neglected tropical disease . Despite this burden , we know comparatively little about how i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"gene",
"regulation",
"chlamydia",
"trachomatis",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
... | 2018 | Chlamydia exploits filopodial capture and a macropinocytosis-like pathway for host cell entry |
Histone demethylases have emerged as important players in developmental processes . Jumonji domain containing-3 ( Jmjd3 ) has been identified as a key histone demethylase that plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression; however , the in vivo function of Jmjd3 in embryonic development remains largely unk... | A chromosome in the eukaryotic nucleus is an organized package of DNA coiled around histone proteins . DNA contains genes and other nucleotide sequences as well as histone proteins including H1 , H2A , H2B , H3 , and H4 . Gene expression is dynamically regulated by DNA and histone modifications , such as methylation an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"histology",
"anatomy",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Stage-Dependent and Locus-Specific Role of Histone Demethylase Jumonji D3 (JMJD3) in the Embryonic Stages of Lung Development |
Chagas' disease is an important neglected public health problem in many Latin American countries , but population-based epidemiological data are scarce . Here we present a nationwide analysis on Chagas-associated mortality , and risk factors for death from this disease . We analyzed all death certificates of individual... | American trypanosomiasis ( Chagas' disease ) is a parasitic disease which remains a public health problem in Latin America , but studies investigating the dynamics in populations under risk are scarce . We conducted a nation-wide study based on about 9 million Brazilian death certificates from 1999–2007 . Epidemiologic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"public",
"health"
] | 2012 | Epidemiology of Mortality Related to Chagas' Disease in Brazil, 1999–2007 |
Recently , a growing number of biological research and scientific experiments have demonstrated that microRNA ( miRNA ) affects the development of human complex diseases . Discovering miRNA-disease associations plays an increasingly vital role in devising diagnostic and therapeutic tools for diseases . However , since ... | Identifying potential miRNA-disease associations enhances the understanding towards molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of diseases , which is beneficial for the development of diagnostic/treatment tools for diseases . Compared with traditional experiment methods , computational models can help experimenters reduce t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"linguistics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"social",
"sciences",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"oncology",
"algorithms",
"hematologic",
"cancers",
"and",
"related",
"disorders... | 2018 | MDHGI: Matrix Decomposition and Heterogeneous Graph Inference for miRNA-disease association prediction |
An outstanding problem in neuroscience is to understand how information is integrated across the many modules of the brain . While classic information-theoretic measures have transformed our understanding of feedforward information processing in the brain’s sensory periphery , comparable measures for information flow i... | Information theory has been key to our understanding of the feedforward pathways of the brain’s sensory periphery . But , traditional information-theoretic measures only quantify communication between pairs of transmitters and receivers , and have been of limited utility in decoding signals in the recurrent networks th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cluster",
"analysis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"primates",
"mathematics",
"network",
... | 2019 | Information integration in large brain networks |
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell ( pDC ) -mediated protection against cytopathic virus infection involves various molecular , cellular , tissue-scale , and organism-scale events . In order to better understand such multiscale interactions , we have implemented a systems immunology approach focusing on the analysis of the st... | Human infections with highly virulent viruses , such as 1918 influenza or SARS-coronavirus , represent major threats to public health . The initial innate immune responses to such viruses have to restrict virus spread before the adaptive immune responses fully develop . Therefore , it is of fundamental practical import... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"computer",
"science/numerical",
"analysis",
"and",
"theoretical",
"computing",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses"
] | 2010 | A Systems Immunology Approach to Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Function in Cytopathic Virus Infections |
It has long been suspected that the rate of mutation varies across the human genome at a large scale based on the divergence between humans and other species . However , it is now possible to directly investigate this question using the large number of de novo mutations ( DNMs ) that have been discovered in humans thro... | Using a dataset of more than 130 , 000 de novo mutations we show that there is large-scale variation in the mutation rate at the 100KB and 1MB scales . We show that different types of mutation vary in concert and in a manner that is not expected to generate variation in base composition; hence mutation bias is not resp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"vertebrates",
"human",
"genomics",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"mutation",
"substitution",
"mutation",
"genome",
"analysis",
"dna",
"recombination",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"dna",
"gene",
"co... | 2018 | Large scale variation in the rate of germ-line de novo mutation, base composition, divergence and diversity in humans |
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines ( PCVs ) have substantially reduced morbidity and mortality of pneumococcal disease . The impact of the 7-valent PCV on all-serotype invasive pneumococcal disease ( IPD ) among children was reported to vary between high-income countries . We investigate the ability to predict this hetero... | Pneumococcal vaccines ( PCVs ) that protect children against 7 , 10 and 13 of the most pathogenic pneumococcal serotypes have substantially reduced childhood morbidity and mortality . A recent analysis that evaluated the impact of the 7 valent PCV in multiple high income settings in North America , Europe and Oceania f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Serotype Distribution among Healthy Carriers before Vaccination Is Essential for Predicting the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Disease |
A wide range of biological processes are regulated by sumoylation , a post-translational modification involving the conjugation of SUMO ( Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier ) to protein . In Arabidopsis thaliana , AtSIZ1 encodes a SUMO E3 ligase for SUMO modification . siz1 mutants displayed defective secondary cell walls (... | Secondary cell wall ( SCW ) is essential for upright plant growth and long-distance transport of water and solutes . Regulation of SCW formation at the transcriptional level has been much studied . Here we show that AtSIZ1 , a small ubiquitin-related modifier ( SUMO ) E3 ligase , mediates the sumoylation of transcripti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"brassica",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"sumoylation",
"genetically",
"modified",
"plants",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"inflorescences",
"plants",
"flo... | 2019 | SUMO modification of LBD30 by SIZ1 regulates secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Most available drugs against visceral leishmaniasis are toxic , and growing limitations in available chemotherapeutic strategies due to emerging resistant strains and lack of an effective vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis deepens the crisis . Antineoplastic drugs like miltefosine have in the past been effective ag... | Leishmaniasis , a neglected tropical disease ( NTD ) caused by Leishmania , has been put on the World Health Organization agenda for eradication as a part of their Special Programme for Tropical Diseases Research . Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a life-threatening disease when no treatment is given . Most of the drug... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine"
] | 2012 | Evaluation of Nephroprotective and Immunomodulatory Activities of Antioxidants in Combination with Cisplatin against Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis |
Transcription factors are key components of regulatory networks that control development , as well as the response to environmental stimuli . We have established an experimental pipeline in Caenorhabditis elegans that permits global identification of the binding sites for transcription factors using chromatin immunopre... | The C . elegans transcription factor PHA-4 is a member of the highly conserved FOXA family of transcription factors . These factors act as master regulators of organ development by controlling how genes are turned off and on as tissues are formed . Additionally they regulate genes in response to nutrient levels and con... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genome",
"projects",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"developmental",
"biology/organogenesis",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Genome-Wide Identification of Binding Sites Defines Distinct Functions for Caenorhabditis elegans PHA-4/FOXA in Development and Environmental Response |
While the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis ( HPA ) activates a general stress response by increasing glucocorticoid ( Gc ) synthesis , biological stress resulting from infections triggers the inflammatory response through production of cytokines . The pituitary gland integrates some of these signals by responding to ... | Global biological responses involve pleiotropic , general components exhibited by many cells/tissues together with cell-specific responses . Typically , such responses are dependent on multiple signaling pathways that integrate different inputs to trigger concerted tissue/cell responses . In studying LIF action in the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"genetics",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/i... | 2008 | Regulatory Network Analyses Reveal Genome-Wide Potentiation of LIF Signaling by Glucocorticoids and Define an Innate Cell Defense Response |
X-chromosome inactivation ( XCI ) in female lymphocytes is uniquely regulated , as the inactive X ( Xi ) chromosome lacks localized Xist RNA and heterochromatin modifications . Epigenetic profiling reveals that Xist RNA is lost from the Xi at the pro-B cell stage and that additional heterochromatic modifications are gr... | Females are predisposed to develop various autoimmune disorders , and the genetic basis for this susceptibility is the X-chromosome . X-linked genes are dosage compensated between sexes by X-chromosome Inactivation ( XCI ) during embryogenesis and maintained into adulthood . Here we show that the chromatin of the inact... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"rna-binding",
"proteins",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"x-linked",
"traits",
"rna",
"isolation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"epigenetics",
"chromatin",
"research",
"a... | 2017 | Loss of Xist RNA from the inactive X during B cell development is restored in a dynamic YY1-dependent two-step process in activated B cells |
Meconium ileus ( MI ) , a life-threatening intestinal obstruction due to meconium with abnormal protein content , occurs in approximately 15 percent of neonates with cystic fibrosis ( CF ) . Analysis of twins with CF demonstrates that MI is a highly heritable trait , indicating that genetic modifiers are largely respon... | Cystic fibrosis ( CF ) is a monogenic disease with considerable phenotypic variability . About 15% of newborns with CF suffer from an intestinal obstruction called meconium ileus ( MI ) , and studies in CF twins have shown that modifier genes play a substantial role in the development of this complication . We used a f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Variation in MSRA Modifies Risk of Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction in Cystic Fibrosis |
The functional effects of most amino acid replacements accumulated during molecular evolution are unknown , because most are not observed naturally and the possible combinations are too numerous . We created 168 single mutations in wild-type Escherichia coli isopropymalate dehydrogenase ( IMDH ) that match the differen... | Many bioinformatics and functional genomics predictions are derived from evolutionary patterns of amino acid replacement in protein sequence alignments . Most computational methods assume that replacements in one sequence will be tolerated in all related sequences . Here , we evaluate—by direct experiment—the functiona... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/molecular",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Pervasive Cryptic Epistasis in Molecular Evolution |
Cestodes are a diverse group of parasites , some of them being agents of neglected diseases . In cestodes , little is known about the functional properties of G protein coupled receptors ( GPCRs ) which have proved to be highly druggable targets in other organisms . Notably , serotoninergic G-protein coupled receptors ... | Cestode parasites are flatworms with the ability to parasitize almost every vertebrate species . Several of these parasites are etiological agents of neglected diseases prioritized by WHO , such as hydatid disease , or hydatidosis , a zoonosis caused by species of the genus Echinococcus that affects millions of people ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"cestodes",
"helminths",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"serotonin",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"n... | 2018 | Unique pharmacological properties of serotoninergic G-protein coupled receptors from cestodes |
A key question in decision-making is how people integrate amounts and probabilities to form preferences between risky alternatives . Here we rely on the general principle of integration-to-boundary to develop several biologically plausible process models of risky-choice , which account for both choices and response-tim... | Decision-making under risk requires a selection between alternatives , such as lotteries , which offer a reward with a specified probability . Human decision between such alternatives is at the center of the normative decision theory , which assumes that decisions are rationally made by forming a value for each alterna... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infographics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"decision",
"theory",
"decision",
"making",
"statistics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"research",
"design",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"cognition",
"research",
"and... | 2019 | The formation of preference in risky choice |
In humans , the absence or irreversible loss of hair cells , the sensory mechanoreceptors in the cochlea , accounts for a large majority of acquired and congenital hearing disorders . In the auditory and vestibular neuroepithelia of the inner ear , hair cells are accompanied by another cell type called supporting cells... | By screening for regeneration deficient zebrafish mutations , we identified a zebrafish mutant line deficient in a highly specific regeneration process , the renewal of hair cells in the lateral line . Although this organ is specific to fish and amphibians , it contains essentially the same mechanosensory cells ( the h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"developmental",
"biology/stem",
"cells"
] | 2009 | Phoenix Is Required for Mechanosensory Hair Cell Regeneration in the Zebrafish Lateral Line |
Cotton bacterial blight ( CBB ) , an important disease of ( Gossypium hirsutum ) in the early 20th century , had been controlled by resistant germplasm for over half a century . Recently , CBB re-emerged as an agronomic problem in the United States . Here , we report analysis of cotton variety planting statistics that ... | Cotton bacterial blight ( CBB ) , caused by Xanthomonas citri pv . malvacearum ( Xcm ) , significantly limited cotton yields in the early 20th century but has been controlled by classical resistance genes for more than 50 years . In 2011 , the pathogen re-emerged with a vengeance . In this study , we compare diverse pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"fiber",
"crops",
"genome",
"analysis",
"crops",
"plants",
"flowering",
"plants",
"bacteria",
"genomic",
"libraries",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"crop",
"science",
"gene",
"expression",
"evolutionary"... | 2017 | Genomics-enabled analysis of the emergent disease cotton bacterial blight |
The premotor theory of attention postulates that spatial attention arises from the activation of saccade areas and that the deployment of attention is the consequence of motor programming . Yet attentional and oculomotor processes have been shown to be dissociable at the neuronal level in covert attention tasks . To in... | The premotor theory of attention postulates that spatial visual attention is a consequence of the brain activity that controls eye movement . Indeed , attention and eye movement share overlapping brain networks , and attention is deployed at the target of an eye movement ( saccade ) even before the eyes start to move .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cognitive",
"neurology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reaction",
"time",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuropsychology",
"neuroscience",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"functional",
"e... | 2018 | Visual attention is not deployed at the endpoint of averaging saccades |
Lectin-like bacteriocins consist of tandem monocot mannose-binding domains and display a genus-specific killing activity . Here we show that pyocin L1 , a novel member of this family from Pseudomonas aeruginosa , targets susceptible strains of this species through recognition of the common polysaccharide antigen ( CPA ... | Due to rapidly increasing rates of antibiotic resistance observed among Gram-negative pathogens , such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , there is an urgent requirement for novel approaches to the treatment of bacterial infections . Lectin-like bacteriocins are highly potent protein antibiotics that display an unusual ability... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"protein",
"interactions",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"biochemistry",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"protein",
"classes",
"protein",
"structure",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"plant",
"microbiology",
"proteins",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"b... | 2014 | Lectin-Like Bacteriocins from Pseudomonas spp. Utilise D-Rhamnose Containing Lipopolysaccharide as a Cellular Receptor |
Eukaryotic DNA replication origins differ both in their efficiency and in the characteristic time during S phase when they become active . The biological basis for these differences remains unknown , but they could be a consequence of chromatin structure . The availability of genome-wide maps of nucleosome positions ha... | Eukaryotic DNA replication begins at specific sites in the genome called replication origins , which are bound by the proteins that comprise the origin recognition complex ( ORC ) . In budding yeast , there are more replication origins available than are used in any particular cell division cycle . Each origin has a ch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/replication",
"and",
"repair",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Diversity of Eukaryotic DNA Replication Origins Revealed by Genome-Wide Analysis of Chromatin Structure |
Sex chromosomes evolve distinctive types of chromatin from a pair of ancestral autosomes that are usually euchromatic . In Drosophila , the dosage-compensated X becomes enriched for hyperactive chromatin in males ( mediated by H4K16ac ) , while the Y chromosome acquires silencing heterochromatin ( enriched for H3K9me2/... | DNA is packaged with proteins into two general types of chromatin: the transcriptionally active euchromatin and repressive heterochromatin . Sex chromosomes typically evolve from a pair of euchromatic autosomes . The Y chromosome of Drosophila is gene poor and almost entirely heterochromatic; the X chromosome , in cont... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Ancestral Chromatin Configuration Constrains Chromatin Evolution on Differentiating Sex Chromosomes in Drosophila |
HIV-1 infection is characterized by a chronic activation of the immune system and suppressed function of T lymphocytes . Regulatory CD4+ CD25high FoxP3+CD127low T cells ( Treg ) play a key role in both conditions . Here , we show that HIV-1 positive patients have a significant increase of Treg-associated expression of ... | HIV-1 infection is characterized by a chronic activation of the immune system . Regulatory T cells ( Treg ) represent a population of lymphocytes that controls inappropriate or exaggerated immune activation induced by pathogens , thereby influencing the outcome of various infections . Several studies have shown that Tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine"
] | 2011 | CD39/Adenosine Pathway Is Involved in AIDS Progression |
So far , the computational identification of transcription factor binding sites is hampered by the complexity of vertebrate genomes . Here we present an in silico procedure to predict target sites of a transcription factor in complex genomes using its binding site . In a first step sequence , comparison of closely rela... | To establish regulatory gene networks that drive key biological processes is of crucial importance to identify the genes that are directly controlled by transcriptional regulators . Ideally , this can be accomplished by identifying the direct transcription factor binding site in the cis-regulatory regions of the respec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"chicken",
"mammals",
"medaka",
"in",
"vitro",
"computational",
"biology",
"teleost",
"fishes",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | In Vivo Validation of a Computationally Predicted Conserved Ath5 Target Gene Set |
Oropouche ( ORO ) virus , a member of the Simbu serogroup , is one of the few human pathogens in the Orthobunyavirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae . Genetic analyses of ORO-like strains from Iquitos , Peru , identified a novel reassortant containing the S and L segments of ORO virus and the M segment of a novel Simb... | Oropouche ( ORO ) virus is one of the few human pathogens in the Orthobunyavirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae . Phylogenetic analyses of ORO-like strains isolated from febrile patients in Iquitos , Peru , identified a novel ORO reassortant virus , which we named Iquitos ( IQT ) virus based on the location of the is... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"arboviral",
"infections"
] | 2011 | Iquitos Virus: A Novel Reassortant Orthobunyavirus Associated with Human Illness in Peru |
Signaling via pattern recognition receptors ( PRRs ) expressed on professional antigen presenting cells , such as dendritic cells ( DCs ) , is crucial to the fate of engulfed microbes . Among the many PRRs expressed by DCs are Toll-like receptors ( TLRs ) and C-type lectins such as DC-SIGN . DC-SIGN is targeted by seve... | Among the most successful of human microbes are intracellular pathogens . By entering the intracellular milieu , these pathogens are protected from harsh environmental factors in the host , including the humoral and cellular immune responses . Porphyromonas gingivalis is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the ora... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Porphyromonas gingivalis Evasion of Autophagy and Intracellular Killing by Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells Involves DC-SIGN-TLR2 Crosstalk |
Monocyte phenotype and output changes with age , but why this occurs and how it impacts anti-bacterial immunity are not clear . We found that , in both humans and mice , circulating monocyte phenotype and function was altered with age due to increasing levels of TNF in the circulation that occur as part of the aging pr... | As we age , levels of inflammatory cytokines in the blood and tissues increase . Although this appears to be an inevitable part of aging , it ultimately contributes to declining health . Epidemiological studies indicate that older adults with higher than age-average levels of inflammatory cytokines are at increased ris... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | TNF Drives Monocyte Dysfunction with Age and Results in Impaired Anti-pneumococcal Immunity |
Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is an emergent threat provoking a worldwide explosive outbreak . Since January 2015 , 41 countries reported autochthonous cases . In Brazil , an increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly cases was linked to ZIKV infections . A recent report describing low experimental transmission efficie... | The American continent has recently been the scene of a devastating epidemic of Zika virus and its severe manifestations , such as microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré Syndrome . Zika virus , first detected in 1947 in Africa , only from 2007 started provoking outbreaks . Zika , dengue and chikungunya viruses are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"vero",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"saliva",
"alphaviruses",
"viruses",
"urine",
"chikungunya"... | 2016 | Isolation of Infective Zika Virus from Urine and Saliva of Patients in Brazil |
Mass anthelmintic drug administration is recommended in developing countries to address infection by soil-transmitted helminthiases ( STH ) . We quantified the public health benefit of treatment with mebendazole in eight million Vietnamese children aged 5–14 years from 2006 to 2011 . This was compared to the environmen... | Millions of children from developing countries are infected by soil-transmitted helminthiases ( STH ) , an infection of intestinal worms that cause abdominal pain , bad absorption of nutrients from food and a decrease in the amount of red blood cells . This disease can be treated with anthelmintic medication , such as ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"markov",
"models",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"hookworms",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"anemia",
"animals",
"ascaris",
"ascaris",
"lumbricoides",
"mathematics",
"pharmaceutics",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"di... | 2018 | The public health benefit and burden of mass drug administration programs in Vietnamese schoolchildren: Impact of mebendazole |
Mucosal associated invariant T cells ( MAIT ) are innate T lymphocytes that detect a large variety of bacteria and yeasts . This recognition depends on the detection of microbial compounds presented by the evolutionarily conserved major-histocompatibility-complex ( MHC ) class I molecule , MR1 . Here we show that MAIT ... | Human Mucosa-Associated Invariant T cells ( MAIT ) detect microbe-derived compounds presented by the MHC-like molecule , MR1 . These foreign antigens are produced by a wide variety of microbes , including commensal and pathogenic bacteria or yeasts . MAIT cells expend shortly after birth and constitute the major antiba... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | MAIT Cells Detect and Efficiently Lyse Bacterially-Infected Epithelial Cells |
The anthrax toxin is a tripartite toxin , where the two enzymatic subunits require the third subunit , the protective antigen ( PA ) , to interact with cells and be escorted to their cytoplasmic targets . PA binds to cells via one of two receptors , TEM8 and CMG2 . Interestingly , the toxin times and triggers its own e... | Bacillus anthracis is the bacterium responsible for the anthrax disease . Its virulence is mainly due to 2 factors , the anthrax toxin and the anti-phagocytic capsule . This toxin is composed of three independent polypeptide chains . Two of these have enzymatic activity and are responsible for the effects of the toxin ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2010 | Endocytosis of the Anthrax Toxin Is Mediated by Clathrin, Actin and Unconventional Adaptors |
One of the major mechanisms driving the evolution of all organisms is genomic rearrangement . In hyperthermophilic Archaea of the order Thermococcales , large chromosomal inversions occur so frequently that even closely related genomes are difficult to align . Clearly not resulting from the native homologous recombinat... | Mobile elements ( MEs ) such as viruses , plasmids and transposons infect most living organisms and often encode recombinases promoting their insertion into cellular genomes . These insertions alter the genome of their host according to two main mechanisms . First , MEs provide new functions to the cell by integrating ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"recombination",
"reactions",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"genome",
"analysis",
"genetic",
"elements",
"dna",
"construction",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"homologous",
"recombination",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"seq... | 2017 | Flipping chromosomes in deep-sea archaea |
Human Herpesvirus 6 ( HHV-6 ) is a ubiquitous virus with an estimated seroprevalence of 95% in the adult population . HHV-6 is associated with several neurologic disorders , including multiple sclerosis , an inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the CNS . Animal models of HHV-6 infection would help clarify its r... | The human herpesviruses HHV-6A and HHV-6B are widely distributed in the human population , but also specifically associated with several central nervous system ( CNS ) diseases . We investigated HHV-6A and HHV-6B infections in the common marmoset , a non-human primate naturally susceptible to infection , unlike rodents... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"marmoset",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"neurovirulence",
"neuroimaging",
"viral",
"disease",
"diagnosis",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"viral",
"immune",
... | 2013 | Novel Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) Model of Human Herpesvirus 6A and 6B Infections: Immunologic, Virologic and Radiologic Characterization |
Motor adaptation paradigms provide a quantitative method to study short-term modification of motor commands . Despite the growing understanding of the role motion states ( e . g . , velocity ) play in this form of motor learning , there is little information on the relative stability of memories based on these movement... | Human motor adaptation of limb movement in response to force perturbations has been shown to be motion-state dependent . That is , the compensatory response to these disturbances is correlated and proportional to the temporal changes in the position , velocity , and acceleration during the motion . Despite a growing un... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"velocity",
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"perturbation",
"(geology)",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"geology",
"evolutionary"... | 2017 | The decay of motor adaptation to novel movement dynamics reveals an asymmetry in the stability of motion state-dependent learning |
The broadly conserved bacterial signalling molecule cyclic-di-adenosine monophosphate ( c-di-AMP ) controls osmoresistance via its regulation of potassium ( K+ ) and compatible solute uptake . High levels of c-di-AMP resulting from inactivation of c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase activity leads to poor growth of bacteria und... | Second messengers relay signals received from the environment to intracellular targets that adjust cellular physiology . One widespread bacterial cyclic-dinucleotide signalling molecule , cyclic-di-AMP ( c-di-AMP ) has been shown to regulate a range of cellular processes via binding to protein and riboswitch targets , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"deletion",
"mutation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"aliphatic",
"amino",
"acids",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"operons",
"organic",
... | 2018 | Enhanced uptake of potassium or glycine betaine or export of cyclic-di-AMP restores osmoresistance in a high cyclic-di-AMP Lactococcus lactis mutant |
The rapid proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has spurred the use of drug combinations to maintain clinical efficacy and combat the evolution of resistance . Drug pairs can interact synergistically or antagonistically , yielding inhibitory effects larger or smaller than expected from the drugs' individual p... | The use of antibiotics against bacterial infections has led to the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens such as tuberculosis and MRSA . In order to control resistance , clinicians have increasingly turned to multi-antibiotic therapies . The common wisdom is to use combinations of drugs that act synergistically t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"ecology/evolutionary",
"ecology",
"pharmacology/drug",
"resistance",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/evolutio... | 2010 | Optimal Drug Synergy in Antimicrobial Treatments |
Long noncoding RNAs constitute a major fraction of the eukaryotic transcriptome , and together with proteins , they intricately fine-tune various growth regulatory signals to control cellular homeostasis . Here , we describe the functional characterisation of a novel pair of long intergenic noncoding RNAs ( lincRNAs ) ... | The growth of multicellular organisms is tightly regulated by cellular homeostasis mediated by cell division . This is achieved with the help of various proteins acting in a highly coordinated manner via intricately woven intercellular signalling pathways , which regulate cell division . Here , we identify a long nonco... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"non-coding",
"rna",
"sequences",
"centrosomes",
"protein",
"interactions",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cancer",
"risk",
"factors",
"long",
"non-coding",
"rnas",
"oncology",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"medical",
"risk",
"factors",
"ce... | 2018 | Noncoding RNA Ginir functions as an oncogene by associating with centrosomal proteins |
The adjuvanticity of bacterial adenylate cyclase toxins has been ascribed to their capacity , largely mediated by cAMP , to modulate APC activation , resulting in the expression of Th2–driving cytokines . On the other hand , cAMP has been demonstrated to induce a Th2 bias when present during T cell priming , suggesting... | Colonization by pathogens requires keeping at bay the host immune defenses , at least at the onset of infection . The adenylate cyclase ( AC ) toxins produced by many pathogenic bacteria assist in this crucial function by catalyzing the production of cAMP , which acts as a potent immunosuppressant . Nevertheless , at l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/leukocyte",
"activation"
] | 2009 | The Adenylate Cyclase Toxins of Bacillus anthracis and Bordetella pertussis Promote Th2 Cell Development by Shaping T Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling |
Nelson Bay orthoreoviruses ( NBVs ) are members of the fusogenic orthoreoviruses and possess 10-segmented double-stranded RNA genomes . NBV was first isolated from a fruit bat in Australia more than 40 years ago , but it was not associated with any disease . However , several NBV strains have been recently identified a... | Nelson Bay orthoreoviruses ( NBVs ) are members of the fusogenic orthoreoviruses that have various host species , including reptiles , birds , and mammals . Recently , several NBV strains have been isolated from patients with acute respiratory tract infections . Isolation of these pathogenic reoviruses raises concerns ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"serum",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"reoviruses",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"... | 2016 | Reverse Genetics for Fusogenic Bat-Borne Orthoreovirus Associated with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Humans: Role of Outer Capsid Protein σC in Viral Replication and Pathogenesis |
Ribosome biogenesis is a global process required for growth and proliferation of all cells , yet perturbation of ribosome biogenesis during human development often leads to tissue-specific defects termed ribosomopathies . Transcription of the ribosomal RNAs ( rRNAs ) by RNA polymerases ( Pol ) I and III , is considered... | Ribosomes synthesize all proteins , and are therefore critical for cell growth and proliferation . Ribosome biogenesis , or the process of making ribosomes , is one of the most energy consuming processes within a cell , and disruptions in ribosome biogenesis can lead to congenital disorders termed ribosomopathies . Int... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"processes",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"embryos",
"cartilage",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"researc... | 2016 | The Roles of RNA Polymerase I and III Subunits Polr1c and Polr1d in Craniofacial Development and in Zebrafish Models of Treacher Collins Syndrome |
Classical and Connectionist theories of cognitive architecture seek to explain systematicity ( i . e . , the property of human cognition whereby cognitive capacity comes in groups of related behaviours ) as a consequence of syntactically and functionally compositional representations , respectively . However , both the... | Our minds are not the sum of some arbitrary collection of mental abilities . Instead , our mental abilities come in groups of related behaviours . This property of human cognition has substantial biological advantage in that the benefits afforded by a cognitive behaviour transfer to a related situation without any of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mathematics",
"neuroscience/psychology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Categorial Compositionality: A Category Theory Explanation for the Systematicity of Human Cognition |
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease incited by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus ( TYLCV ) causes huge losses in tomato production worldwide and is caused by different related begomovirus species . Breeding for TYLCV resistance has been based on the introgression of multiple resistance genes originating from several wild... | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and related begomoviruses cause major economic damage to tomato production in tropical and subtropical regions around the world . Because cultivated tomato is inherently susceptible to these viruses , breeders have incorporated several resistance alleles from wild tomato relatives . Among ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"rna",
"interference",
"plant",
"biology",
"crop",
"genetics",
"gene",
"function",
"plant",
"science",
"crops",
"plant",
"pathology",
"vegetables",
"gene",
"expression",
"plant",
"genetics",
"crop",
"diseases",
"biology",
"agriculture",
"plant",
"path... | 2013 | The Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Resistance Genes Ty-1 and Ty-3 Are Allelic and Code for DFDGD-Class RNA–Dependent RNA Polymerases |
In developing strategies to control malaria vectors , there is increased interest in biological methods that do not cause instant vector mortality , but have sublethal and lethal effects at different ages and stages in the mosquito life cycle . These techniques , particularly if integrated with other vector control int... | It has recently been proposed that mosquito vectors of malaria may be controlled by biopesticide sprays containing spores of fungi that are pathogenic to mosquitoes , causing reduced blood feeding activity and eventual death . This technique has been shown to have strong potential to reduce malaria transmission rates ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/fungal",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiolog... | 2009 | Combining Fungal Biopesticides and Insecticide-Treated Bednets to Enhance Malaria Control |
Congenital toxoplasmosis is a serious but preventable and treatable disease . Gestational screening facilitates early detection and treatment of primary acquisition . Thus , fetal infection can be promptly diagnosed and treated and outcomes can be improved . We tested 180 sera with the Toxoplasma ICT IgG-IgM point-of-c... | Toxoplasmosis , a disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii , presents a major health burden in both the developed and developing world . Untreated congenital toxoplasmosis causes damage to the eye and brain , but early detection and treatment reduce transmission and disease . Fetal infection can be promptly dia... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"maternal",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"toxoplasma",
"gondii",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"pr... | 2017 | Point-of-care testing for Toxoplasma gondii IgG/IgM using Toxoplasma ICT IgG-IgM test with sera from the United States and implications for developing countries |
Although a vaccine could be available as early as 2016 , vector control remains the primary approach used to prevent dengue , the most common and widespread arbovirus of humans worldwide . We reviewed the evidence for effectiveness of vector control methods in reducing its transmission . Studies of any design published... | Dengue fever has increased dramatically over the past 50 years and today is the most widespread mosquito-borne arboviral disease , affecting nearly half the world’s population in 128 countries . Until the arrival of a vaccine , control of its Aedes vectors has been the only method to prevent dengue infection . With den... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trials",
"animals",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"pharmacology",
"infec... | 2016 | Is Dengue Vector Control Deficient in Effectiveness or Evidence?: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
Site-directed mutagenesis combined with binding affinity measurements is widely used to probe the nature of ligand interactions with GPCRs . Such experiments , as well as structure-activity relationships for series of ligands , are usually interpreted with computationally derived models of ligand binding modes . Howeve... | G-protein coupled receptors constitute a family of drug targets of outstanding interest , with more than 30% of the marketed drugs targeting a GPCR . The combination of site-directed mutagenesis , biochemical experiments and computationally generated 3D structural models has traditionally been used to investigate these... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"membrane",
"proteins",
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"transmembrane",
"proteins",
"cell",
"biology",
"proteins",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"o... | 2014 | Computational Prediction of Alanine Scanning and Ligand Binding Energetics in G-Protein Coupled Receptors |
The majority of mammalian microRNA ( miRNA ) genes reside within introns of protein-encoding and non-coding genes , yet the mechanisms coordinating primary transcript processing into both mature miRNA and spliced mRNA are poorly understood . Analysis of melanoma invasion suppressor miR-211 expressed from intron 6 of me... | MicroRNA ( miRNA ) genes are transcribed as long primary RNAs containing local hairpins that are excised by the Microprocessor complex minimally composed of Drosha and DGCR8 . Most mammalian miRNAs reside in introns of protein-encoding and non-coding genes , but it is unclear how microprocessing of an intronic miRNA an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Feed-Forward Microprocessing and Splicing Activities at a MicroRNA–Containing Intron |
Soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infections are among the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases ( NTD ) worldwide . Since the publication of the WHO road map to combat NTD in 2012 , there has been a renewed commitment to control STH . In this study , we analysed the geographical distribution and effect of communi... | Soil transmitted helminth infections ( hookworms , Trichuris and Ascaris ) are highly prevalent across south Asia and south east Asia and recently several large initiatives have been launched to control or interrupt transmission . We conducted a systematic review of STH infections to identify the communities in south A... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"population",
"dynamics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"hookworms",
"geographical",
"locations",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"ascaris",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"population",
"biology",
... | 2018 | Geographical distribution of soil transmitted helminths and the effects of community type in South Asia and South East Asia – A systematic review |
miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that , due to their considerable potential to target a wide range of mRNAs , are implicated in essentially all biological process , including cancer . miR-10a is particularly interesting considering its conserved location in the Hox cluster of developmental regulators . A role for this ... | Posttranscriptional regulation by microRNA molecules constitutes an important mechanism for gene regulation and numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation between deregulated microRNA levels and diseases , such as cancer . However , genetics studies linking individual microRNAs to the etiology of cancer remain sc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Loss of miR-10a Activates Lpo and Collaborates with Activated Wnt Signaling in Inducing Intestinal Neoplasia in Female Mice |
Animals are constantly exposed to the time-varying visual world . Because visual perception is modulated by immediately prior visual experience , visual cortical neurons may register recent visual history into a specific form of offline activity and link it to later visual input . To examine how preceding visual inputs... | Animals are constantly exposed to a visual world that varies over time . To examine how the visual cortex integrates visual information that is temporally spaced , we monitored neuronal activity of the primary visual cortex ( V1 ) using single- and multicell recording techniques . We discovered that a brief visual stim... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Neocortical Rebound Depolarization Enhances Visual Perception |
Many normal adult tissues contain rare stem cells with extensive self-maintaining regenerative potential . During development , the stem cells of the hematopoietic and neural systems undergo intrinsically specified changes in their self-renewal potential . In the mouse , mammary stem cells with transplantable regenerat... | Many adult tissues are maintained by a rare subset of undifferentiated stem cells that can self-renew and give rise to specialized daughter cells that have a more limited regenerative ability . The recent identification of cells in the fetal and adult mammary gland that display the properties of stem cells provides a f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"stem",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology",
"biology",
"adult",
"stem",
"cells"
] | 2013 | Developmental Changes in the in Vitro Activated Regenerative Activity of Primitive Mammary Epithelial Cells |
Circadian clocks have evolved as internal time keeping mechanisms that allow anticipation of daily environmental changes and organization of a daily program of physiological and behavioral rhythms . To better examine the mechanisms underlying circadian clocks in animals and to ask whether clock gene expression and func... | The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model system for studying the internal circadian clocks that animals use for daily time keeping . Since clocks exist and function in animals not only in adults , but also during prior development , the question arises if and how adult circadian rhythms depend on dev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"regulation",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"neuroscience",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"chronobiology",
"molecular... | 2011 | Adult Circadian Behavior in Drosophila Requires Developmental Expression of cycle, But Not period |
Down syndrome ( DS ) , commonly caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 ( chr21 ) , occurs in approximately one out of 700 live births . Precisely how an extra chr21 causes over 80 clinically defined phenotypes is not yet clear . Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing ( RRBS ) analysis at single base resolution r... | Down syndrome ( DS ) occurs in approximately one out of 700 live births . DS is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 . Although over 80 clinically defined phenotypes are identified for DS , each affected individual may only show some of the disease phenotypes . Understanding how the extra chromosome 21 causes vario... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"aneuploidy",
"dna",
"modification",
"chromosomal",
"disorders",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"down",
"syndrome"
] | 2013 | Global DNA Hypermethylation in Down Syndrome Placenta |
Dengue virus ( DENV ) is a flavivirus of worldwide importance , with approximately 4 billion people across 128 countries at risk of infection , and up to 390 million infections and 96 million clinically apparent cases estimated annually . Previous in vitro studies have shown that lipids and lipoproteins play a role in ... | Dengue is a viral infection of worldwide importance with up to 96 million cases annually . Cholesterol , a type of lipid , may play a role in dengue virus infectivity and severity , but changes in cholesterol levels over the course of illness are not well-understood . To investigate the relationship between development... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Are Associated with Severe Dengue Outcome |
As circulating monocytes enter the site of disease , the local microenvironment instructs their differentiation into tissue macrophages ( MΦ ) . To identify mechanisms that regulate MΦ differentiation , we studied human leprosy as a model , since M1-type antimicrobial MΦ predominate in lesions in the self-limited form ... | Mycobacterial diseases , such as leprosy , continue to be serious causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide . They pose a unique treatment challenge due to their ability to modify the immune response in infected individuals . For example , in leprosy there are two distinct manifestations of the disease , each charact... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"antimicrobials",
"biotechnology",
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"small",
"molecules",
"drugs",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"organic",
"compounds"... | 2016 | Jagged1 Instructs Macrophage Differentiation in Leprosy |
Chromosome instability ( CIN ) is observed in most solid tumors and is linked to somatic mutations in genome integrity maintenance genes . The spectrum of mutations that cause CIN is only partly known and it is not possible to predict a priori all pathways whose disruption might lead to CIN . To address this issue , we... | Cancer results from mutations that alter the function of normal genes . The results of these mutations directly lead to the known properties of cancer cells , for example , over-proliferation or resistance to cellular death signals . An additional property of most tumors is chromosome instability ( CIN ) —the unequal d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"gene",
"networks",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"microbiology",
"model",
"organisms",
"mutation",
"types",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"biology",
"systems",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetic",
"screens",
... | 2011 | The Complete Spectrum of Yeast Chromosome Instability Genes Identifies Candidate CIN Cancer Genes and Functional Roles for ASTRA Complex Components |
The molecular nature of biological variation is not well understood . Indeed , many questions persist regarding the types of molecular changes and the classes of genes that underlie morphological variation within and among species . Here we have taken a candidate gene approach based on previous mapping results to ident... | Among the goals of modern evolutionary biology is to identify the molecular genetic sources of natural variation . Although genetic mapping has led to an increased understanding of the genetic architecture of natural variation , there are surprisingly few cases where the molecular source of the variation has been ident... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"population",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Natural Allelic Variation Defines a Role for ATMYC1: Trichome Cell Fate Determination |
It has been hypothesized that helminth infections increase HIV susceptibility by enhancing systemic immune activation and hence contribute to elevated HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa . To study systemic immune activation and HIV-1 co-receptor expression in relation to different helminth infections and in respo... | Helminth infections are common in sub-Saharan Africa where about half of the population may be infected with one or more helminth species . HIV infection is also highly prevalent in this region . Because of the geographic overlap of helminth and HIV infections , it has been hypothesized that helminth infections may inc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"immune",
"activation",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular"... | 2014 | Helminth-Associated Systemic Immune Activation and HIV Co-receptor Expression: Response to Albendazole/Praziquantel Treatment |
This study sought understand how the 2014–2016 EVD Virus Disease ( EVD ) outbreak impacted the nutrition sector in Sierra Leone and use findings for improving nutrition responses during future outbreaks of this magnitude . This qualitative study was iterative and emergent . In-depth interviews ( n = 42 ) were conducted... | The 2014–2016 EVD outbreak has greatly impacted the population health and nutrition of affected countries in West Africa , including that of Sierra Leone . Since this recent outbreak , the humanitarian community acknowledges the need for improved solutions to better prepare for , and respond . Despite the importance of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"neonatology",
"learning",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"maternal",
"health",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"pediatrics",
"age",
"groups",
"research",
"design",
"cognitive",
"psych... | 2019 | A qualitative study to understand how Ebola Virus Disease affected nutrition in Sierra Leone—A food value-chain framework for improving future response strategies |
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ( CCHFV ) is a zoonotic agent that causes severe , life-threatening disease , with a case fatality rate of 10–50% . It is the most widespread tick-borne virus in the world , with cases reported in Africa , Asia and Eastern Europe . CCHFV is a genetically diverse virus . Its genetic... | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever ( CCHF ) is an acute , tick-borne disease with a case fatality rate of 10–30% . It is geographically the most widespread tick-borne disease in the world . In recent years there has been an increase of the disease incidence in several countries , mainly in the countries of the Balkan . Th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"viral",
"hemorrhagic",
"fevers",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"crimean-congo",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Molecular Epidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Kosovo |
Old world Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ( ZCL ) is a vector-borne human disease caused by Leishmania major , a unicellular eukaryotic parasite transmitted by pool blood-feeding sand flies mainly to wild rodents , such as Psammomys obesus . The human beings who share the rodent and sand fly habitats can be subverted ... | Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease occurring in rural areas of developing countries . The main reservoirs are the rodents Psammomys obesus and Meriones shawi . Zoonotic Leishmania transmission cycle is maintained in the burrows of rodents where the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi finds the ideal ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"statistics",
"mathematics",
"biostatistics",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"environmental",
"geography",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"public",
"health",
"confidence",
"intervals",
"ecology",
"ea... | 2012 | Temporal Dynamics and Impact of Climate Factors on the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia |
Arenaviridae synthesize viral mRNAs using short capped primers presumably acquired from cellular transcripts by a ‘cap-snatching’ mechanism . Here , we report the crystal structure and functional characterization of the N-terminal 196 residues ( NL1 ) of the L protein from the prototypic arenavirus: lymphocytic choriom... | The Arenaviridae virus family includes several life-threatening human pathogens that cause meningitis or hemorrhagic fever . These RNA viruses replicate and transcribe their genome using an RNA synthesis machinery for which no structural data currently exist . They synthesize viral mRNAs using short capped primers pres... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"biophysics/structural",
"genomics",
"biochemistry/protein",
"folding",
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | The N-Terminal Domain of the Arenavirus L Protein Is an RNA Endonuclease Essential in mRNA Transcription |
Ovulation is essential for the propagation of the species and involves a proteolytic degradation of the follicle wall for the release of the fertilizable oocyte . However , the precise mechanisms for regulating these proteolytic events are largely unknown . Work from our lab and others have shown that there are several... | Ovulation is the process of releasing fertilizable oocytes from the ovary and is essential for metazoan reproduction . Our recent work has demonstrated principles governing ovulation process that are highly conserved across species , such that both mammals and Drosophila utilize matrix metalloproteinase ( Mmp ) to degr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Follicle Rupture Assay Reveals an Essential Role for Follicular Adrenergic Signaling in Drosophila Ovulation |
Antibiotic treatment of Group A Streptococcus ( GAS ) pharyngitis is important in acute rheumatic fever ( ARF ) prevention , however clinical guidelines for prescription vary . GAS carriers with acute viral infections may receive antibiotics unnecessarily . This review assessed the prevalence of GAS pharyngitis and car... | Treating sore throats caused by Group A Streptococcus infections ( GAS pharyngitis ) with antibiotics is important for preventing acute rheumatic fever ( ARF ) . It is impossible to distinguish patients with true GAS pharyngitis infections from GAS carriers with pharyngitis caused by viral infections when throat swab c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"database",
"searching",
"group",
"a",
"streptococcal",
"infection",
"throat",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"age",
"groups",
"streptococcal",
"p... | 2018 | Group A Streptococcus pharyngitis and pharyngeal carriage: A meta-analysis |
Calmodulin ( CaM ) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ buffer and second messenger that affects cellular function as diverse as cardiac excitability , synaptic plasticity , and gene transcription . In CA1 pyramidal neurons , CaM regulates two opposing Ca2+-dependent processes that underlie memory formation: long-term potentiation ( L... | Calmodulin is a versatile Ca2+ signal mediator and a buffer in a wide variety of body organs including the heart and brain . In the brain , calmodulin regulates intracellular molecular processes that change the strength of connectivity between neurons , thus contributing to various brain functions including memory form... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"biochemistry/cell",
"signaling",
"and",
"traffic... | 2010 | Lobe Specific Ca2+-Calmodulin Nano-Domain in Neuronal Spines: A Single Molecule Level Analysis |
Estimates of leptospirosis morbidity identified Oceania as the region with highest burden . Besides Australia and New Zealand , Oceania is home of Pacific Island Countries and Territories , most of which are developing countries facing a number of challenges . Their archipelago geography notably affects health infrastr... | Leptospirosis is thought to impose its highest burden to tropical island populations , especially in the Pacific region of Oceania . Yet , very few information has ever been reported from some of the Pacific Island Countries and Territories , including Vanuatu . In this study , we aimed at evidencing leptospirosis in a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"geomorphology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"leptospira",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"landforms",
"pathogens",
"topography",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vanuatu",
"mi... | 2018 | High incidence of leptospirosis in an observational study of hospital outpatients in Vanuatu highlights the need for improved awareness and diagnostic capacities |
Blood flow and mechanical forces in the ventricle are implicated in cardiac development and trabeculation . However , the mechanisms of mechanotransduction remain elusive . This is due in part to the challenges associated with accurately quantifying mechanical forces in the developing heart . We present a novel computa... | We present a novel computational workflow for quantifying hemodynamic forces in developing zebrafish embryos by coupling high resolution 4-D light sheet imaging with a moving domain blood flow solver . Our framework employs deformable image registration to extract the motion of the ventricle from high resolution image ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"fish",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"cardiac",
"ventricles",
"vertebrates",
"endocardium",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"viscosity",
"model",
"organisms",
"hemodynami... | 2017 | A method to quantify mechanobiologic forces during zebrafish cardiac development using 4-D light sheet imaging and computational modeling |
The determinants of parasite persistence or elimination after treatment and clinical resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) are unknown . We investigated clinical and parasitological parameters associated with the presence and viability of Leishmania after treatment and resolution of CL caused by L . Viannia . Se... | Control of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) in the Americas is dependent upon active case detection and treatment . The efficacy and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions is based on clinical resolution of disease , not on parasitological clearance . The detection of dermotropic Leishmania in tissues such as nasal a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"respiratory",
"system",
"protozoans",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"leish... | 2017 | Clinical and parasitological factors in parasite persistence after treatment and clinical cure of cutaneous leishmaniasis |
The evolution of substitutions conferring drug resistance to HIV-1 is both episodic , occurring when patients are on antiretroviral therapy , and strongly directional , with site-specific resistant residues increasing in frequency over time . While methods exist to detect episodic diversifying selection and continuous ... | When exposed to treatment , HIV-1 and other rapidly evolving viruses have the capacity to acquire drug resistance mutations ( DRAMs ) , which limit the efficacy of antivirals . There are a number of experimentally well characterized HIV-1 DRAMs , but many mutations whose roles are not fully understood have also been re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"hiv",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Modeling HIV-1 Drug Resistance as Episodic Directional Selection |
The Huntington’s disease ( HD ) protein , huntingtin ( HTT ) , is a large protein consisting of 3144 amino acids and has conserved N-terminal sequences that are followed by a polyglutamine ( polyQ ) repeat . Loss of Htt is known to cause embryonic lethality in mice , whereas polyQ expansion leads to adult neuronal dege... | The 17 amino acids in the N-terminal region of huntingtin ( HTT ) are conserved in a wide range of species and are followed by a polyglutamine repeat whose expansion causes selective neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease ( HD ) . Loss of Htt can affect developing neurons and early embryonic development in mice . Wh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"astrocytes",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"genetic",
"diseases",
"brain",
"neurites",
"neuroscience",
"macroglial",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"embryos",
"autosomal",
"domina... | 2016 | N-terminal Huntingtin Knock-In Mice: Implications of Removing the N-terminal Region of Huntingtin for Therapy |
Gametogenesis is a sexually dimorphic process requiring profound differences in germ cell differentiation between the sexes . In mammals , the presence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in males creates additional sex-specific challenges , including incomplete X and Y pairing during meiotic prophase . This triggers form... | Genes related to the sexual regulator Doublesex of Drosophila have been found to control sexual development in a wide variety of animals , ranging from roundworms to mammals . In this paper , we investigate the function of the Dmrt7 gene , one of seven related genes in the mouse . Female mammals are XX and males are XY... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"developmental",
"biology",
"gametogenesis",
"dm",
"domain",
"dmrt7",
"xy",
"body"
] | 2007 | A Mammal-Specific Doublesex Homolog Associates with Male Sex Chromatin and Is Required for Male Meiosis |
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