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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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There is accumulating evidence that prior knowledge about expectations plays an important role in perception . The Bayesian framework is the standard computational approach to explain how prior knowledge about the distribution of expected stimuli is incorporated with noisy observations in order to improve performance .... | In this paper we study how history affects perception using an auditory delayed comparison task , in which human participants repeatedly compare the frequencies of two , temporally-separated pure tones . We demonstrate that the history of the experiment has a substantial effect on participants' performance: when both t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"working",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"cognition",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"psychoacoustics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience",
"sensory",
"perception"
] | 2012 | How Recent History Affects Perception: The Normative Approach and Its Heuristic Approximation |
Protection against virulent pathogens that cause acute , fatal disease is often hampered by development of microbial resistance to traditional chemotherapeutics . Further , most successful pathogens possess an array of immune evasion strategies to avoid detection and elimination by the host . Development of novel , imm... | Conventional treatment of bacterial infections typically includes administration of antibiotics . However , many pathogens have developed spontaneous resistance to commonly used antibiotics . Development of new compounds that stimulate the host immune system to directly kill bacteria by mechanisms different from those ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | Effective, Broad Spectrum Control of Virulent Bacterial Infections Using Cationic DNA Liposome Complexes Combined with Bacterial Antigens |
Methylation is a post-translational modification that can affect numerous features of proteins , notably cellular localization , turnover , activity , and molecular interactions . Recent genome-wide analyses have considerably extended the list of human genes encoding putative methyltransferases . Studies on protein met... | Methylation , or transfer of a single or multiple methyl groups ( CH3 ) , is one of many post-translational modifications that occur on proteins . Such modifications can , in turn , affect numerous aspects of a protein , notably cellular localization , turnover , activity , and molecular interactions . In addition to p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"chemistry",
"biology"
] | 2013 | A Newly Uncovered Group of Distantly Related Lysine Methyltransferases Preferentially Interact with Molecular Chaperones to Regulate Their Activity |
Malaria parasites dramatically alter the rheological properties of infected red blood cells . In the case of Plasmodium vivax , the parasite rapidly decreases the shear elastic modulus of the invaded RBC , enabling it to avoid splenic clearance . This study highlights correlation between rosette formation and altered m... | While Plasmodium vivax is generally not as virulent as P . falciparum; severe manifestations of vivax malaria do occur . While little is known about the mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of P . vivax , most agree its ability to increase the deformability of stiff host reticulocytes is key adaptation to avoid splen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"trophozoites",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"plasmodium",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"reticulocytes",
"parasitology",
"bone",
"marrow"... | 2016 | Rheopathologic Consequence of Plasmodium vivax Rosette Formation |
Meiotic crossovers are produced when programmed double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are repaired by recombination from homologous chromosomes ( homologues ) . In a wide variety of organisms , meiotic HORMA-domain proteins are required to direct DSB repair towards homologues . This inter-homologue bias is required for efficie... | Generation of haploid gametes in most organisms requires that homologues become connected via crossovers during meiosis . Efficient formation of crossovers depends on HORMA-domain proteins in diverse taxa . These proteins ensure that programmed meiotic DSBs are preferentially repaired from homologues , rather than from... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
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"function",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"molecular",
"bio... | 2009 | Mouse HORMAD1 and HORMAD2, Two Conserved Meiotic Chromosomal Proteins, Are Depleted from Synapsed Chromosome Axes with the Help of TRIP13 AAA-ATPase |
Little is known about the repertoire of cellular factors involved in the replication of pathogenic alphaviruses . To uncover molecular regulators of alphavirus infection , and to identify candidate drug targets , we performed a high-content imaging-based siRNA screen . We revealed an actin-remodeling pathway involving ... | Alphaviruses , such as Chikungunya or Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses , are significant human pathogens that cause arthritis or fatal encephalitis in humans . For productive infection of cells , alphaviruses rely on a repertoire of cellular host proteins , including trafficking factors that mediate transport of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"immune",
"physiology",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"hela",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cul... | 2016 | siRNA Screen Identifies Trafficking Host Factors that Modulate Alphavirus Infection |
The suprachiasmatic nuclei ( SCN ) host a robust , self-sustained circadian pacemaker that coordinates physiological rhythms with the daily changes in the environment . Neuronal clocks within the SCN form a heterogeneous network that must synchronize to maintain timekeeping activity . Coherent circadian output of the S... | Circadian rhythms , characterized by a period close to 24 h , are observed in nearly all living organisms , from cyanobacteria to plants , insects , and mammals . In mammals , the central circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN ) of the hypothalamus , where it receives light signals from the ret... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"neuroscience",
"mammals",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Synchronization-Induced Rhythmicity of Circadian Oscillators in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus |
The tick-borne flavivirus , Powassan virus ( POWV ) causes life-threatening encephalitis in humans in North America and Europe . POWV is transmitted by ixodid tick vectors that feed on small to medium-sized mammals , such as Peromyscus leucopus mice , which may serve as either reservoir , bridge or amplification hosts ... | Powassan virus ( POWV ) is a neuroinvasive tick-borne flavivirus ( TBFV ) , which causes life-threatening encephalitis in humans in North America and Europe . The virus is persistently maintained in a natural cycle involving infected ixodid ticks and small-to-medium sized mammals , such as mice , woodchucks and skunks ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ixodes",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"nervous",
"system",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"brain",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"encephalitis",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"ticks",
"molecular",
"biolo... | 2017 | Modeling Powassan virus infection in Peromyscus leucopus, a natural host |
Beginning January 2014 , Psychological Science gave authors the opportunity to signal open data and materials if they qualified for badges that accompanied published articles . Before badges , less than 3% of Psychological Science articles reported open data . After badges , 23% reported open data , with an acceleratin... | Openness is a core value of scientific practice . The sharing of research materials and data facilitates critique , extension , and application within the scientific community , yet current norms provide few incentives for researchers to share evidence underlying scientific claims . In January 2014 , the journal Psycho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Method",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"open",
"science",
"experimental",
"psychology",
"information",
"centers",
"meta-research",
"article",
"psychology",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"open",
"data",
"science",
"policy",
"behavior",
"archives",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"research",
"facilities",
"... | 2016 | Badges to Acknowledge Open Practices: A Simple, Low-Cost, Effective Method for Increasing Transparency |
Malaysia experienced an unprecedented dengue outbreak from the year 2014 to 2016 that resulted in an enormous increase in the number of cases and mortality as compared to previous years . The causes that attribute to a dengue outbreak can be multifactorial . Viral factors , such as dengue serotype and genotype , are th... | The study highlights interesting relationship between viral factors and clinical manifestation of dengue disease during an outbreak . The viral factors which include serotype and genotype of dengue virus were studied to discover if the clinical manifestation in patients were serotype and genotype-specific . As most cli... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"dengue",
"virus",
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographica... | 2018 | Clinical manifestations of dengue in relation to dengue serotype and genotype in Malaysia: A retrospective observational study |
Based on metabolic and morphological similarities between infective third-stage larvae of parasitic nematodes and dauer larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans , it is hypothesized that similar genetic mechanisms control the development of these forms . In the parasite Strongyloides stercoralis , FKTF-1 is an ortholog of DAF-... | Parasitic nematodes are an important threat to public health in much of the world . Understanding how these worms find and invade their hosts may lead to improved therapies . The infectious forms of many parasitic nematodes developmentally arrest as infective third-stage larvae that require hosts to reactivate . Develo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/molecular",
"development",
"developmental",
"biology/organogenesis",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"developmental",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development"
] | 2009 | Morphogenesis of Strongyloides stercoralis Infective Larvae Requires the DAF-16 Ortholog FKTF-1 |
Escher is a web application for visualizing data on biological pathways . Three key features make Escher a uniquely effective tool for pathway visualization . First , users can rapidly design new pathway maps . Escher provides pathway suggestions based on user data and genome-scale models , so users can draw pathways i... | We are now in the age of big data . More than ever before , biological discoveries require powerful and flexible tools for managing large datasets , including both visual and statistical tools . Pathway-based visualization is particularly powerful since it enables one to analyze complex datasets within the context of a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Design",
"and",
"Implementation",
"Availability",
"and",
"Future",
"Directions"
] | [] | 2015 | Escher: A Web Application for Building, Sharing, and Embedding Data-Rich Visualizations of Biological Pathways |
A remarkably diverse set of traits maps to a region on mouse distal chromosome 1 ( Chr 1 ) that corresponds to human Chr 1q21–q23 . This region is highly enriched in quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) that control neural and behavioral phenotypes , including motor behavior , escape latency , emotionality , seizure suscep... | A major goal of genetics is to understand how variation in DNA sequence gives rise to differences among individuals that influence traits such as disease risk . This is challenging . Most traits are the result of a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors . One of the first steps in the path from DNA to t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
... | 2008 | Dissection of a QTL Hotspot on Mouse Distal Chromosome 1 that Modulates Neurobehavioral Phenotypes and Gene Expression |
Bourbon virus ( BRBV ) is an emerging tick-borne RNA virus in the orthomyxoviridae family that was discovered in 2014 . Although fatal human cases of BRBV have been described , little is known about its pathogenesis , and no antiviral therapies or vaccines exist . We obtained serum from a fatal case in 2017 and success... | Bourbon virus ( BRBV ) is a novel tick-borne RNA virus that can cause fatal disease in humans . No approved antiviral treatment is available . We have cultured the second human isolate of BRBV and with it developed a small animal disease model . In this mouse model , BRBV causes severe disease as measured by weight los... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"vero",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"spleen",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"pulmonology",
"animal",
"models",
"model",... | 2019 | Therapeutic efficacy of favipiravir against Bourbon virus in mice |
A thermodynamic model of thermoregulatory huddling interactions between endotherms is developed . The model is presented as a Monte Carlo algorithm in which animals are iteratively exchanged between groups , with a probability of exchanging groups defined in terms of the temperature of the environment and the body temp... | Huddling is an adaptive behavior that emerges from simple interactions between animals . Huddling is a particularly important self-organising system because the behavior that emerges at the level of the group directly impacts the fitness of the individual . The huddle insulates the group , allowing pups to thermoregula... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"physiological",
"processes",
"systems",
"science",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"mathematics",
"body",
"temperature",
"thermodynamics... | 2017 | Self-organised criticality in the evolution of a thermodynamic model of rodent thermoregulatory huddling |
The host factor and interferon ( IFN ) -stimulated gene ( ISG ) product , zinc-finger antiviral protein ( ZAP ) , inhibits a number of diverse viruses by usurping and intersecting with multiple cellular pathways . To elucidate its antiviral mechanism , we perform a loss-of-function genome-wide RNAi screen to identify c... | Organisms have evolved various innate strategies to defend against pathogens . During virus infection , the cell senses the viral nucleic acid and produces type I interferon , which alerts the neighboring cells . Signaling of type I interferon triggers expression of a wide array of genes , some of which encode proteins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"luciferase",
"gene",
"regulation",
"293t",
"cells",
"enzymes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"cloning",
"immunoprecipitation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"small",
"interfering",
"rnas",
"prote... | 2017 | TRIM25 Enhances the Antiviral Action of Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) |
Evolutionary innovation relies partially on changes in gene regulation . While a growing body of evidence demonstrates that such innovation is generated by functional changes or translocation of regulatory elements via mobile genetic elements , the de novo generation of enhancers from non-regulatory/non-mobile sequence... | The genome of each living organism contains thousands of genes , and the precise control of the timing and location of expression of these genes is key for normal development and homeostasis of each individual . Despite the oftentimes high genetic similarity between organisms , the source of phenotypic differences , fo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"functional",
"genomics",
"dna",
"transcription",
"developmental",
"biology",
"emergence",
"gene",
"expression",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"genetics",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution",
"computational",
"b... | 2011 | De Novo Genesis of Enhancers in Vertebrates |
Different functional constraints contribute to different evolutionary rates across genomes . To understand why some sequences evolve faster than others in a single cis-regulatory locus , we investigated function and evolutionary dynamics of the promoter of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-47 gene . We found that this pro... | Comparison between genome sequences of different species is a powerful tool in modern biology because important features are maintained by natural selection and are therefore conserved . However , some important sequences within genomes evolve considerably faster than others . One possible explanation is that they enco... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"model",
"organisms",
"genome",
"evolution",
"genomic",
"evolution",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Distinct Functional Constraints Partition Sequence Conservation in a cis-Regulatory Element |
Genomes must balance active suppression of transposable elements ( TEs ) with the need to maintain gene expression . In Arabidopsis , euchromatic TEs are targeted by RNA-directed DNA methylation ( RdDM ) . Conversely , active DNA demethylation prevents accumulation of methylation at genes proximal to these TEs . It is ... | Organisms must adapt to dynamic and variable internal and external environments . Maintaining homeostasis in core biological processes is crucial to minimizing the deleterious consequences of environmental fluctuations . Genomes are also dynamic and variable , and must be robust against stresses , including the invasio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Methylation-Sensitive Expression of a DNA Demethylase Gene Serves As an Epigenetic Rheostat |
Polycomb repressive complex 2 ( PRC2 ) is a key regulator of epigenetic states catalyzing histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation ( H3K27me3 ) , a repressive chromatin mark . PRC2 composition is conserved from humans to plants , but the function of PRC2 during the early stage of plant life is unclear beyond the fact that i... | Epigenetic regulation of gene expression through modifications of histone tails is fundamental for growth and development of multicellular organisms . The trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 ( H3K27me3 ) is the landmark of Polycomb Repressive Complex2 ( PRC2 ) function and is associated with gene repression . Here... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"plant",
"biology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"histone",
"modification",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"organism"... | 2011 | Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Controls the Embryo-to-Seedling Phase Transition |
DNA modifications such as methylation and DNA damage can play critical regulatory roles in biological systems . Single molecule , real time ( SMRT ) sequencing technology generates DNA sequences as well as DNA polymerase kinetic information that can be used for the direct detection of DNA modifications . We demonstrate... | DNA modifications have been found in a wide range of living organisms , from bacteria to human . Many existing studies have shown that they play important roles in development , disease , bacteria virulence , etc . However , for many types of DNA modification , for example N6-methyladenine and 8-oxoG , there is not an ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"sequencing",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"genome",
"complexity",
"genomics",
"functional",
"genomics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"epigenomics"
] | 2013 | Detecting DNA Modifications from SMRT Sequencing Data by Modeling Sequence Context Dependence of Polymerase Kinetic |
The infectivity of rotavirus , the main causative agent of childhood diarrhea , is dependent on activation of the extracellular viral particles by trypsin-like proteases in the host intestinal lumen . This step entails proteolytic cleavage of the VP4 spike protein into its mature products , VP8* and VP5* . Previous cry... | Rotavirus is responsible for more than 400 , 000 annual infant deaths worldwide . Its viral particle bears 60 protuberant spikes that constitute the machinery responsible for virus binding to and entry into the host cell . For efficient infection , the protein molecules that build the spike must be cleaved . Despite th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"entry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"viral",
"classification",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"rotavirus",
"infection",
"micro... | 2014 | New Insights into Rotavirus Entry Machinery: Stabilization of Rotavirus Spike Conformation Is Independent of Trypsin Cleavage |
Folds are the basic building blocks of protein structures . Understanding the emergence of novel protein folds is an important step towards understanding the rules governing the evolution of protein structure and function and for developing tools for protein structure modeling and design . We explored the frequency of ... | Structural genomics efforts aim at exploring the repertoire of three-dimensional structures of protein molecules . While genome scale sequencing projects have already provided us with all the genes of many organisms , it is the three dimensional shape of gene encoded proteins that defines all the interactions among the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/protein",
"homology",
"detection",
"biochemistry/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology",
"biochemistry/structural",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Structural Characteristics of Novel Protein Folds |
The soil-transmitted helminths ( STH ) , Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura and hookworms , infect 1 . 5 billion people worldwide and cause an estimated burden of 3 . 3 million disability-adjusted life years ( DALYs ) . Current control strategies focus on morbidity reduction through preventive chemotherapy ( PC... | Millions of people worldwide are infected with intestinal worms known as soil-transmitted helminths ( STHs ) . These include Ascaris lumbricoides , hookworm ( Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus ) and Trichuris trichiura . Globally , the current main strategy to control these parasites is the periodical distri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"hookworms",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"ascaris",
"ascaris",
"lumbricoides",
"mathematics",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"filariasis",
"neglect... | 2018 | Efficacy and safety of co-administered ivermectin plus albendazole for treating soil-transmitted helminths: A systematic review, meta-analysis and individual patient data analysis |
Rat somatosensory cortex contains a large sexually monomorphic genital representation . Genital cortex undergoes an unusual 2-fold expansion during puberty . Here , we investigate genital cortex development and female rat sexual maturation . Ovariectomies and estradiol injections suggested sex hormones cause the pubert... | We recently identified the somatosensory representation of rat genitals; remarkably , this cortical region—genital cortex—is sexually monomorphic , despite the marked sexual dimorphism of external genitals in rats . Most intriguing was the observation that genital cortex doubles in size during puberty . In order to she... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"uterus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"hormones",
"endocrine",
"physiology",
"oils",
"estradiol",
"reproductive",
"system",
"procedures",
"lipids",
"endocrinology",
"vagina",
... | 2017 | Development of rat female genital cortex and control of female puberty by sexual touch |
Chagas disease , caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , develops into chronic Chagas’ cardiomyopathy in ~30% of infected individuals , characterized by conduction disorders , arrhythmias , heart failure , and even sudden cardiac death . Current anti-parasitic treatments are plagued by significant side effects and p... | Chagas disease is a parasitic infection that can cause severe heart disease . Current treatments do not work well and have significant side effects . Because of this , the authors created a new vaccine prototype with the goal that it could be given to infected people to prevent Chagas-associated heart disease . The vac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"fibrosis",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"vaccines",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"orga... | 2019 | A therapeutic vaccine prototype induces protective immunity and reduces cardiac fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection |
We have previously shown that during pregnancy the E-twenty-six ( ETS ) transcription factor ELF5 directs the differentiation of mammary progenitor cells toward the estrogen receptor ( ER ) -negative and milk producing cell lineage , raising the possibility that ELF5 may suppress the estrogen sensitivity of breast canc... | The molecular subtypes of breast cancer are distinguished by their intrinsic patterns of gene expression and can be used to group patients with different prognoses and treatment options . Although molecular subtyping tests are currently under evaluation , some of them are already in use to better tailor therapy for pat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine",
"developmental",
"biology",
"biology",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research"
] | 2012 | ELF5 Suppresses Estrogen Sensitivity and Underpins the Acquisition of Antiestrogen Resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer |
Pathological aggregates of phosphorylated TDP-43 characterize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( FTLD-TDP ) , two devastating groups of neurodegenerative disease . Kinase hyperactivity may be a consistent feature of ALS and FTLD-TDP , as phosphorylated TDP-43 is not observed i... | Aggregated proteins are a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases . In ALS and FTLD-TDP , these aggregates contain abnormal TDP-43 modified by phosphorylation . Protein phosphorylation normally controls protein activity , stability , or location , but in some neurodegenerative diseases the phosphorylated proteins a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"molecular",
"neuroscience",
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"system",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"motor",
"system",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"neuroscience"
] | 2014 | The Tau Tubulin Kinases TTBK1/2 Promote Accumulation of Pathological TDP-43 |
Male infertility affects at least 5% of reproductive age males . The most common pathology is a complex presentation of decreased sperm output and abnormal sperm shape and motility referred to as oligoasthenoteratospermia ( OAT ) . For the majority of OAT men a precise diagnosis cannot be provided . Here we demonstrate... | Male infertility affects one in six couples in western societies and approximately half of these are the result of male factor disorders . The most common clinical presentation for male infertility is a complex mixture of abnormal sperm output , shape and motility referred to as oligoasthenoteratozoospermia ( OAT ) . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | LRGUK-1 Is Required for Basal Body and Manchette Function during Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility |
Neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) account for a large disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa . While the general cost-effectiveness of NTD interventions to improve health outcomes has been assessed , few studies have also accounted for the financial and education gains of investing in NTD control . We built on extende... | Neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) cause ill health and disability among the poorest people with extensive economic and social effects . Existing cost-effectiveness analyses , however , have typically focused on the health gains associated with the scale up of preventive chemotherapy . This misses the key fact that h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"education",
"economic",
"analysis",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"pharmaceutics",
"neglected",
... | 2018 | Health, financial, and education gains of investing in preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiases, and lymphatic filariasis in Madagascar: A modeling study |
Cell elongation in rod-shaped bacteria is mediated by the Rod system , a conserved morphogenic complex that spatially controls cell wall assembly by the glycan polymerase RodA and crosslinking enzyme PBP2 . Using Escherichia coli as a model system , we identified a PBP2 variant that promotes Rod system function when es... | The cell wall of bacteria determines their shape and protects them from osmotic lysis . Two enzymatic activities are required for cell wall synthesis: glycan polymerization and crosslinking . A major new family of glycan polymerases was recently discovered and was proposed to work in complex with crosslinking enzymes c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"cell",
"walls",
"chemical",
"bonding",
"fluorescence",
"imaging",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"polymerases",
"materials",
"science",
"macromolecules",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"physical"... | 2018 | A central role for PBP2 in the activation of peptidoglycan polymerization by the bacterial cell elongation machinery |
The modification of transcriptional regulation has become increasingly appreciated as a major contributor to morphological evolution . However , the role of negative-acting control elements ( e . g . silencers ) in generating morphological diversity has been generally overlooked relative to positive-acting “enhancer” e... | One of the greatest challenges in understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is to discern how changes in DNA affect the normal functioning of genes . Mutations may generate a new function for a gene , yet it is frequently observed that they inactivate some aspect of a gene’s normal capacity . Invest... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Genetic Changes to a Transcriptional Silencer Element Confers Phenotypic Diversity within and between Drosophila Species |
High-resolution HLA typing plays a central role in many areas of immunology , such as in identifying immunogenetic risk factors for disease , in studying how the genomes of pathogens evolve in response to immune selection pressures , and also in vaccine design , where identification of HLA-restricted epitopes may be us... | At the core of the human adaptive immune response is the train-to-kill mechanism in which specialized immune cells are sensitized to recognize small peptides from foreign sources ( e . g . , from HIV or bacteria ) . Following this sensitization , these immune cells are then activated to kill other cells which display t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"hematology/bone",
"marrow",
"and",
"stem",
"cell",
"transplantation",
"immunology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomi... | 2008 | Statistical Resolution of Ambiguous HLA Typing Data |
A prevailing theory proposes that the brain's two visual pathways , the ventral and dorsal , lead to differing visual processing and world representations for conscious perception than those for action . Others have claimed that perception and action share much of their visual processing . But which of these two neural... | The brain has two processing pathways of visual information , the ventral and dorsal streams . A prevailing theory proposes that this division leads to different world representations for conscious perception than those for actions such as grasping or eye movements . Perceptual tasks such as searching for our car keys ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/psychology",
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/natural",
"and",
"synthetic",
"vision",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience"
] | 2010 | Evolution and Optimality of Similar Neural Mechanisms for Perception and Action during Search |
Although collar cells are conserved across animals and their closest relatives , the choanoflagellates , little is known about their ancestry , their subcellular architecture , or how they differentiate . The choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta expresses genes necessary for animal development and can alternate between... | Choanoflagellates are microscopic aquatic organisms that can alternate between single-celled and multicellular states , and sequencing of their genomes has revealed that choanoflagellates are the closest single-celled relatives of animals . Moreover , choanoflagellates are a form of ‘collar cell’—a cell type crowned by... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"vacuoles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"endoplasmic",
"reticulum",
"cell",
"processes",
"animals",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mitochondria",
... | 2019 | The architecture of cell differentiation in choanoflagellates and sponge choanocytes |
Cells of the myeloid lineage are significant targets for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) in monkeys . Monocytes play critical roles in innate and adaptive immunity during inflammation . We hypothesize that specific subsets of monocytes expand with AIDS and drive ... | Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) and the closely related simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV ) can infect monocyte/macrophages , which enter and accumulate in the brain leading to neuronal dysfunction . Monocyte/macrophages exit the bone marrow , transit through the blood and enter the central nervous system ( CNS ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"hematology/hematopoiesis",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"pathology/immunology",
"immun... | 2010 | Increased Monocyte Turnover from Bone Marrow Correlates with Severity of SIV Encephalitis and CD163 Levels in Plasma |
Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of the transcriptome present in eukaryotic cells is one of the most challenging tasks in the postgenomic era . In this regard , alternative splicing ( AS ) is a key phenomenon contributing to the production of different mature transcripts from the sa... | The genome sequence is said to be an organism's blueprint , a set of instructions driving the organism's biology . The unfolding of these instructions—the so-called genes—is initiated by the transcription of DNA into RNA molecules , which subsequently are processed before they can take their functional role . During th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/alternative",
"splicing",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation"
] | 2008 | A General Definition and Nomenclature for Alternative Splicing Events |
Addressing the transmission enigma of the neglected disease Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a World Health Organization priority . In Australia , we have observed an association between mosquitoes harboring the causative agent , Mycobacterium ulcerans , and BU . Here we tested a contaminated skin model of BU transmission by dip... | Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans . Unfortunately , how people contract this disease is not well understood . Here we show for the first time using experimental infections in mice that a very low dose of M . ulcerans delivered beneath the skin by a minor injury... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dermatology",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"australia",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"skin",
"infections",
"experimental",
"organism",
"syst... | 2017 | Mycobacterium ulcerans low infectious dose and mechanical transmission support insect bites and puncturing injuries in the spread of Buruli ulcer |
Genetic transformation of bacteria harboring multiple Restriction-Modification ( R-M ) systems is often difficult using conventional methods . Here , we describe a mimicking-of-DNA-methylation-patterns ( MoDMP ) pipeline to address this problem in three difficult-to-transform bacterial strains . Twenty-four putative DN... | Approximately 95% of the genome-sequenced bacteria harbor Restriction-Modification ( R-M ) systems . R-M systems usually occur in pairs , i . e . , DNA methyltransferases ( MTases ) and restriction endonucleases ( REases ) . REases can degrade invading DNA to protect the cell from infection by phages . This protecting ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology",
"nucleotides",
"escherichia",
"coli",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"industrial",
"microbiology",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"dna",
"modification",
"molecular",
"biology",
"gram",
"positive",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"mo... | 2012 | A Mimicking-of-DNA-Methylation-Patterns Pipeline for Overcoming the Restriction Barrier of Bacteria |
Auxin controls a myriad of plant developmental processes and plant response to environmental conditions . Precise trafficking of auxin transporters is essential for auxin homeostasis in plants . Here , we report characterization of Arabidopsis CTL1 , which controls seedling growth and apical hook development by regulat... | Auxin , a plant hormone , controls many aspects of plant growth and development . The precise transport and distribution of auxin hold the key to its function . A number of transport proteins are known to be involved in auxin translocation , and the PIN proteins , which are an integral part of membranes in plants , pla... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"protein",
"transport",
"b",
"vitamins",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"cell",
"processes",
"brassica",
"green",
"fluorescent",
"protein",
"organic",
"compounds",
"hormones",
"cholines",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"luminescent",
"proteins",
"plant",
"hormones"... | 2017 | Arabidopsis choline transporter-like 1 (CTL1) regulates secretory trafficking of auxin transporters to control seedling growth |
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals characterized by gray matter spongiosis and accumulation of aggregated , misfolded , protease-resistant prion protein ( PrPres ) . PrPres can be deposited in brain in an amyloid-form and/or non-amyloid form , and is derived from host-encoded prot... | Prion diseases , also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies , are infectious fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals . A major feature of prion diseases is the refolding and aggregation of a normal host protein , prion protein ( PrP ) , into a disease-associated form which may contribute to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/prion",
"diseases",
"pathology/neuropathology",
"neurological",
"disorders/prion",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Fatal Transmissible Amyloid Encephalopathy: A New Type of Prion Disease Associated with Lack of Prion Protein Membrane Anchoring |
The addition of asparagine ( N ) -linked polysaccharide chains ( i . e . , glycans ) to the gp120 and gp41 glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) envelope is not only required for correct protein folding , but also may provide protection against neutralizing antibodies as a “glycan shield . ” As... | Many viruses exploit the complex machinery of the host cell to modify their own proteins , by the enzymatic addition of sugar molecules to specific amino acids . These sugars , or “glycans , ” play several important roles in the infective cycle of the virus . The envelope of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HI... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Evolutionary Interactions between N-Linked Glycosylation Sites in the HIV-1 Envelope |
The monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine ( GlcNAc ) is a major component of microbial cell walls and is ubiquitous in the environment . GlcNAc stimulates developmental pathways in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans , which is a commensal organism that colonizes the mammalian gut and causes disease in the setting of hos... | In stark contrast to most fungal pathogens , thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens cause systemic infections in immunocompetent humans . Thermally dimorphic fungi grow in the soil as a multicellular filamentous form specialized for replication in this particular environmental niche . Upon infection of a human , these fu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) Triggers a Rapid, Temperature-Responsive Morphogenetic Program in Thermally Dimorphic Fungi |
Transfer RNA ( tRNA ) modifications enhance the efficiency , specificity and fidelity of translation in all organisms . The anticodon modification mcm5s2U34 is required for normal growth and stress resistance in yeast; mutants lacking this modification have numerous phenotypes . Mutations in the homologous human genes ... | Ribosomes translate the messages of the genetic code into functional proteins with the help of transfer RNAs ( tRNAs ) , which carry a specific amino acid at one end and recognize three letters of the genetic code ( a codon ) with the other . tRNAs are subject to extensive chemical modifications , which are thought to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"translation",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Loss of a Conserved tRNA Anticodon Modification Perturbs Cellular Signaling |
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 ( HSNAII ) is a rare pathology characterized by an early onset of severe sensory loss ( all modalities ) in the distal limbs . It is due to autosomal recessive mutations confined to exon “HSN2” of the WNK1 ( with-no-lysine protein kinase 1 ) serine-threonine kinase . W... | Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 ( HSANII ) is a rare human pathology characterized by the early loss of sensory perception . It arises from expression of autosomal recessive mutations confined to an alternatively spliced exon of the WNK1 ( with-no-lysine protein kinase 1 ) serine-threonine kinase , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"And",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"neurology",
"genetics",
"developmental",
"and",
"pediatric",
"neurology",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | WNK1/HSN2 Mutation in Human Peripheral Neuropathy Deregulates KCC2 Expression and Posterior Lateral Line Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
The retromer mediates protein trafficking through recycling cargo from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in eukaryotes . However , the role of such trafficking events during pathogen-host interaction remains unclear . Here , we report that the cargo-recognition complex ( MoVps35 , MoVps26 and MoVps29 ) of the retrom... | The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae utilizes key infection structures , called appressoria , elaborated at the tips of the conidial germ tubes to gain entry into the host tissue . Development of the appressorium is accompanied with autophagy in the conidium leading to programmed cell death . This work highlights t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Retromer Is Essential for Autophagy-Dependent Plant Infection by the Rice Blast Fungus |
Extreme precipitation events are increasing as a result of ongoing global warming , but controversy surrounds the relationship between flooding and mosquito-borne diseases . A common view among the scientific community and public health officers is that heavy rainfalls have a flushing effect on breeding sites , which n... | During last years , we have seen an astonishing expansion of Chikungunya virus and an increase in dengue cases worldwide , together with the worldwide expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus . In addition , extreme rainfall events are envisaged to become increasingly likely as a result of ongoing climate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Autochthonous Chikungunya Transmission and Extreme Climate Events in Southern France |
Human cytomegalovirus ( hCMV ) is a highly prevalent pathogen that , upon primary infection , establishes life-long persistence in all infected individuals . Acute hCMV infections cause a variety of diseases in humans with developmental or acquired immune deficits . In addition , persistent hCMV infection may contribut... | Human cytomegalovirus ( hCMV ) is a leading cause of birth defects and severe disease in people with compromised immunity . Disease caused by hCMV is frequently linked to inflammation , and the virus has been shown to induce numerous host genes many of which encode pro-inflammatory proteins . However , little is known ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"cytokines",
"immune",
"activation",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cytomegalovirus",
"infection",
"dna",
"transcription",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"stat",
"signaling",
"fami... | 2011 | Human Cytomegalovirus IE1 Protein Elicits a Type II Interferon-Like
Host Cell Response That Depends on Activated STAT1 but Not
Interferon-γ |
Despite many years of study into inversions , very little is known about their functional consequences , especially in humans . A common hypothesis is that the selective value of inversions stems in part from their effects on nearby genes , although evidence of this in natural populations is almost nonexistent . Here w... | Since the discovery of chromosomal inversions almost 100 years ago , how they are maintained in natural populations has been a highly debated issue . One of the hypotheses is that inversion breakpoints could affect genes and modify gene expression levels , although evidence of this came only from laboratory mutants . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Functional Impact and Evolution of a Novel Human Polymorphic Inversion That Disrupts a Gene and Creates a Fusion Transcript |
Thermotolerance is an essential attribute for pathogenesis of Cryptococcus as exemplified by the fact that only two species in the genus , which can grow at 37°C , are human pathogens . Species which have other virulence factors including capsule formation and melanisation , but lack the ability to propagate at 37°C ar... | Thermotolerance is a pre-requisite for microbes to propagate successfully as human pathogens . In this study , we have investigated the role of Heat shock protein 90 in the pathogenesis and thermotolerance of C . neoformans , an environmental fungus that causes meningoencephalitis in humans . We show that thermotoleran... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"walls",
"cryptococcus",
"neoformans",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cryptococcus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"phosphatases",
"fungi",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"pha... | 2017 | Heat shock protein 90 localizes to the surface and augments virulence factors of Cryptococcus neoformans |
The Sri Lankan Anti-Filariasis Campaign conducted 5 rounds of mass drug administration ( MDA ) with diethycarbamazine plus albendazole between 2002 and 2006 . We now report results of a comprehensive surveillance program that assessed the lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) situation in Sri Lanka 6 years after cessation of MDA... | Lymphatic Filariasis ( LF , also known as “elephantiasis” ) is a disabling and deforming disease that is caused by parasitic worms that are transmitted by mosquitoes . The Sri Lankan Anti-Filariasis Campaign provided five annual rounds of mass drug administration ( MDA ) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole between ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | A Comprehensive Assessment of Lymphatic Filariasis in Sri Lanka Six Years after Cessation of Mass Drug Administration |
Dengue and malaria are two major public health concerns in tropical settings . Although the pathogeneses of these two arthropod-borne diseases differ , their clinical and biological presentations are unspecific . During dengue epidemics , several hundred patients with fever and diffuse pain are weekly admitted at the e... | The authors present a retrospective matched-pair study on dengue and malaria performed in French Guiana . These two infections are major public health concerns in tropical regions , especially in South America and Southeast Asia , where they affect neglected populations which makes them interesting to be published in a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biomarker",
"epidemiology",
"plasmodium",
"vivax",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"(non-neglected)",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"malaria",
"plasmodium",
"fa... | 2013 | Discriminating Malaria from Dengue Fever in Endemic Areas: Clinical and Biological Criteria, Prognostic Score and Utility of the C-Reactive Protein: A Retrospective Matched-Pair Study in French Guiana |
As the interface between a microbe and its environment , the bacterial cell envelope has broad biological and clinical significance . While numerous biosynthesis genes and pathways have been identified and studied in isolation , how these intersect functionally to ensure envelope integrity during adaptive responses to ... | Proper assembly of the cell envelope is essential for bacterial growth , environmental adaptation , and drug resistance . Yet , while the biological roles of the many genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis of the cell envelope have been studied extensively in isolation , how the myriad components intersect functio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"networks",
"microbiology",
"genetic",
"maps",
"escherichia",
"coli",
"gene",
"function",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"biology",
"systems",
"biology",
"genetic",
"screens",
"genetics",
"genomics",
"gene",
"p... | 2011 | Genetic Interaction Maps in Escherichia coli Reveal Functional Crosstalk among Cell Envelope Biogenesis Pathways |
Mapping expression Quantitative Trait Loci ( eQTLs ) represents a powerful and widely adopted approach to identifying putative regulatory variants and linking them to specific genes . Up to now eQTL studies have been conducted in a relatively narrow range of tissues or cell types . However , understanding the biology o... | Genetic variants that are associated with gene expression are known as expression Quantitative Trait Loci , or eQTLs . Many studies have been conducted to identify eQTLs , and they have proven an effective tool for identifying putative regulatory variants and linking them to specific genes . Up to now most studies have... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"functional",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetic",
"association",
"studies",
"trait",
"locus",
"analysis",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"mo... | 2013 | A Statistical Framework for Joint eQTL Analysis in Multiple Tissues |
Nucleoside-based cofactors are presumed to have preceded proteins . The Rossmann fold is one of the most ancient and functionally diverse protein folds , and most Rossmann enzymes utilize nucleoside-based cofactors . We analyzed an omnipresent Rossmann ribose-binding interaction: a carboxylate side chain at the tip of ... | Common descent is the hallmark of Darwinian evolution . Homology of biological traits , and particularly of protein sequences and structures , serves as an indication for divergence from a common ancestor and a means of assigning phylogenetic relationships . However , because of shared functional demands and chemical-p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"glycosylamines",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glycobiology",
"protein",
"structure",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"convergent",
"evolution",
... | 2016 | An Ancient Fingerprint Indicates the Common Ancestry of Rossmann-Fold Enzymes Utilizing Different Ribose-Based Cofactors |
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) binding to the endothelial cell surface heparan sulfate is followed by sequential interactions with α3β1 , αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrins and Ephrin A2 receptor tyrosine kinase ( EphA2R ) . These interactions activate host cell pre-existing FAK , Src , PI3-K and RhoGTPase signa... | KSHV is etiologically associated with human endothelial Kaposi’s sarcoma , and understanding of endothelial infection is essential to design methods to block infection . KSHV infection of endothelial cells is initiated by its interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate , various integrins and the Ephrin A2 receptor t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"endothelial",
"cells",
"microbiology",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"viruses",
"immunoprecipitation",
"dna",
"viruses",... | 2016 | ESCRT-I Protein Tsg101 Plays a Role in the Post-macropinocytic Trafficking and Infection of Endothelial Cells by Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus |
Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , also known as sleeping sickness , is a fatal parasitic disease caused by trypanosomes . Current treatment options for HAT are scarce , toxic , no longer effective , or very difficult to administer , in particular for the advanced , fatal stage of the disease ( stage 2 , chronic H... | This article describes the preclinical profile of fexinidazole , a new drug candidate with the potential to become a novel , oral , safe and effective short-course treatment for curing both stage 1 and 2 human African trypanosomiasis and replace the old and highly problematic treatment modalities available today . Fexi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"pharmacology/drug",
"development"
] | 2010 | Fexinidazole – A New Oral Nitroimidazole Drug Candidate Entering Clinical Development for the Treatment of Sleeping Sickness |
Key innovations are disruptive evolutionary events that enable a species to escape constraints and rapidly diversify . After 15 years of the Lenski long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli , cells in one of the twelve populations evolved the ability to utilize citrate , an abundant but previously untapped c... | Key innovations are rare , game-changing moments in evolution when a species or population achieves new success by escaping its normal constraints . We examined a case in which bacteria that had been maintained in the laboratory for fifteen years evolved to exploit a previously untapped nutrient in their environment . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"genome",
"evolution",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"carbohydrates",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"mutation",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"phylogenetic",
... | 2018 | Innovation in an E. coli evolution experiment is contingent on maintaining adaptive potential until competition subsides |
Despite having caused one of the greatest medical catastrophies of the last century through its teratogenic side-effects , thalidomide continues to be an important agent in the treatment of leprosy and cancer . The protein cereblon , which forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase compex together with damaged DNA-binding protein 1 ... | In the public perception , thalidomide mainly evokes children with stunted limbs . Less known is that thalidomide continues to be a very useful drug , licensed in most countries for the treatment of multiple myelomas and leprosy . Aside from its catastrophic effect on human embryonal development , it has a manageable s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bioinformatics",
"database",
"and",
"informatics",
"methods",
"molecular",
"evolution",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"software-aided",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"research",... | 2015 | The Thalidomide-Binding Domain of Cereblon Defines the CULT Domain Family and Is a New Member of the β-Tent Fold |
Despite widespread interest in social dominance , little is known of its neural correlates in primates . We hypothesized that social status in primates might be related to individual variation in subcortical brain regions implicated in other aspects of social and emotional behavior in other mammals . To examine this po... | Social status is an important feature of group life in many primates . Position in the dominance hierarchy influences access to food and mates and is correlated with both general and mental health . Discovering how the brain is organized with respect to individual social status is an important first step for understand... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"brain",
"morphometry",
"voxel-based",
"morphometry",
"behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"behavior",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"zoology",
"cognition",
"brain",
"mapping",
"animal",
"sociality",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cognitive"... | 2014 | A Neural Circuit Covarying with Social Hierarchy in Macaques |
Blood vessels form either when dispersed endothelial cells ( the cells lining the inner walls of fully formed blood vessels ) organize into a vessel network ( vasculogenesis ) , or by sprouting or splitting of existing blood vessels ( angiogenesis ) . Although they are closely related biologically , no current model ex... | A better understanding of the mechanisms by which endothelial cells ( the cells lining the inner walls of blood vessels ) organize into blood vessels is crucial if we need to enhance or suppress blood vessel growth under pathological conditions , including diabetes , wound healing , and tumor growth . During embryonic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/vascular",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"physics/... | 2008 | Contact-Inhibited Chemotaxis in De Novo and Sprouting Blood-Vessel Growth |
Formin is one of the two major classes of actin binding proteins ( ABPs ) with nucleation and polymerization activity . However , despite advances in our understanding of its biochemical activity , whether and how formins generate specific architecture of the actin cytoskeleton and function in a physiological context i... | Paternal genetic information is transmitted to the offspring via sperm . The unique cell morphology of the sperm plays essential roles in sperm transport through the female reproductive tract and in fertilization with oocytes . Sertoli cells are somatic cells located in the seminiferous tubules of the testis and are kn... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"actin",
"filaments",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"germ",
"cells",
"sertoli",
"cells",
"sperm",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"contractile",
"proteins",
"specimen",
"preparat... | 2018 | mDia1/3 generate cortical F-actin meshwork in Sertoli cells that is continuous with contractile F-actin bundles and indispensable for spermatogenesis and male fertility |
Metabolic Syndrome ( MetS ) is highly prevalent and has considerable public health impact , but its underlying genetic factors remain elusive . To identify gene networks involved in MetS , we conducted whole-genome expression and genotype profiling on abdominal ( ABD ) and gluteal ( GLU ) adipose tissue , and whole blo... | Metabolic Syndrome ( MetS ) is a highly prevalent disorder with considerable public health concern , but its underlying genetic factors remain elusive . Given that most cellular components exert their functions through interactions with other cellular components , even the largest of genome-wide association ( GWA ) stu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"genomics",
"heredity",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"human",
"genetics"
] | 2012 | Coexpression Network Analysis in Abdominal and Gluteal Adipose Tissue Reveals Regulatory Genetic Loci for Metabolic Syndrome and Related Phenotypes |
Mutation screening of the breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 identifies a large fraction of variants of uncertain clinical significance ( VUS ) whose functional and clinical interpretations pose a challenge for genomic medicine . Likewise , an increasing amount of evidence indicates that genetic variants can have dele... | A significant proportion of disease-causing mutations of inherited disorders impair splicing . Massive sequencing projects of genetic diseases generate thousands of sequence variations that require functional and clinical interpretations . We have shown that splicing reporter minigenes of the breast cancer genes BRCA1 ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"genome",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"intron... | 2017 | Functional classification of DNA variants by hybrid minigenes: Identification of 30 spliceogenic variants of BRCA2 exons 17 and 18 |
Cellular responses to Plasmodium falciparum parasites , in particular interferon-gamma ( IFNγ ) production , play an important role in anti-malarial immunity . However , clinical immunity to malaria develops slowly amongst naturally exposed populations , the dynamics of cellular responses in relation to exposure are di... | A decade into the 21st century , malaria remains responsible for an intolerable global health burden and an effective vaccine is sorely needed . Compounding the many technical hurdles in developing such a vaccine , ( naturally-acquired ) immunity to malaria is generally perceived to be short-lived , although direct evi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"immune",
"activation",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"plasmodium",
"falciparum",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"t",
"cells",
"biology",
"immune",
"response",
"immun... | 2011 | Longevity and Composition of Cellular Immune Responses Following Experimental Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Infection in Humans |
Altered expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBE3A , which is involved in protein degradation through the proteasome-mediated pathway , is associated with neurodevelopmental and behavioral defects observed in Angelman syndrome ( AS ) and autism . However , little is known about the neuronal function of UBE3A and the p... | Angelman syndrome ( AS ) , characterized by severe mental retardation , developmental delay , ataxia , seizures , speech impairment , and happy disposition , is caused by mutation of E3 ubiquitin ligase UBE3A; a critical enzyme involved in proteasome-mediated protein degradation . Increasing evidence demonstrates that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nervous",
"system",
"cell",
"processes",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"organisms",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"immunoprecip... | 2016 | Angelman Syndrome Protein Ube3a Regulates Synaptic Growth and Endocytosis by Inhibiting BMP Signaling in Drosophila |
Small nucleolar RNAs ( snoRNAs ) are localized within the nucleolus , a sub-nuclear compartment , in which they guide ribosomal or spliceosomal RNA modifications , respectively . Up until now , snoRNAs have only been identified in eukaryal and archaeal genomes , but are notably absent in bacteria . By screening B lymph... | Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) infects about 90% of people worldwide and is associated with different types of cancer . So far , only two large virus-encoded non-coding RNAs ( EBER1 and EBER2 ) and 25 microRNAs ( miRNAs ) have been identified in the EBV genome . In this study , we report identification of the first member ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2009 | Expression and Processing of a Small Nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr Virus Genome |
DNA sequences purified from distinct organisms , e . g . non vertebrate versus vertebrate ones , were shown to differ in their TLR9 signalling properties especially when either mouse bone marrow-derived- or human dendritic cells ( DCs ) are probed as target cells . Here we found that the DC-targeting immunostimulatory ... | Distinct laboratory mouse based models have allowed elucidating some of the processes that account for so called resistance or vulnerability to the Leishmania major parasite cutaneous inoculation . The outcome ranges from rapid healing – C57BL/6 mice- to progressive nonhealing ones – BALB/c mice . Distinct cell lineage... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"toll-like",
"receptors",
"biochemistry",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"inflammation",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"proteins",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immune",
"receptors",
"dna",
"computational",
"biology",
"comparat... | 2014 | TLR9 Activation Is Triggered by the Excess of Stimulatory versus Inhibitory Motifs Present in Trypanosomatidae DNA |
Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , experienced a severe dengue fever epidemic in 2008 . This was the worst epidemic ever , characterized by a sharp increase in case-fatality rate , mainly among younger individuals . A combination of factors , such as climate , mosquito abundance , buildup of the susceptible population , or vira... | Dengue is a major public health problem in many tropical regions of the world , including Brazil , where Aedes aegypti is the main vector . We present a household study that combines data on dengue fever seroprevalence , recent dengue infection , and vector density , in three neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"virology"
] | 2009 | Spatial Evaluation and Modeling of Dengue Seroprevalence and Vector Density in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
The Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 nuclease complex , together with Sae2 , initiates the 5′-to-3′ resection of Double-Strand DNA Breaks ( DSBs ) . Extended 3′ single stranded DNA filaments can be exposed from a DSB through the redundant activities of the Exo1 nuclease and the Dna2 nuclease with the Sgs1 helicase . In the absence of ... | DNA double strand breaks ( DSBs ) are among the most deleterious types of damage occurring in the genome , as failure to repair these lesions through either non-homologous-end-joining ( NHEJ ) or homologous recombination ( HR ) leads to genetic instability . The 5′ strand of a DSB can be nucleolytically degraded by sev... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"dna",
"damage",
"biochemistry",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"non-homologous",
"end",
"joining",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"dna",
"dna",
"repair",
"dna",
"recombination",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"h... | 2015 | Functional Interplay between the 53BP1-Ortholog Rad9 and the Mre11 Complex Regulates Resection, End-Tethering and Repair of a Double-Strand Break |
More than 95% of the human population is infected with human herpesvirus-6 ( HHV-6 ) during early childhood and maintains latent HHV-6 genomes either in an extra-chromosomal form or as a chromosomally integrated HHV-6 ( ciHHV-6 ) . In addition , approximately 1% of humans are born with an inheritable form of ciHHV-6 in... | Human herpesviruses ( HHVs ) can reside in a lifelong non-infectious state displaying limited activity in their host and protected from immune responses . One possible way by which HHV-6 achieves this state is by integrating into the telomeric ends of human chromosomes , which are highly repetitive sequences that prote... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Reactivation of Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus-6 by Telomeric Circle Formation |
The genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi , the etiological agent of Chagas disease , has been traditionally divided in two major groups , T . cruzi I and II , corresponding to discrete typing units TcI and TcII-VI under a recently proposed nomenclature . The two major groups of T . cruzi seem to differ in important b... | Trypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease , a major health problem in Latin America . The genetic diversity of this parasite has been traditionally divided in two major groups: T . cruzi I and II , which can be further divided in six major genetic subdivisions ( subgroups TcI-TcVI ) . T . c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Analyses of 32 Loci Clarify Phylogenetic Relationships among Trypanosoma cruzi Lineages and Support a Single Hybridization prior to Human Contact |
Regulator of G-protein signaling ( RGS ) proteins primarily function as GTPase-accelerating proteins ( GAPs ) to promote GTP hydrolysis of Gα subunits , thereby regulating G-protein mediated signal transduction . RGS proteins could also contain additional domains such as GoLoco to inhibit GDP dissociation . The rice bl... | The 7-TM domain is considered the hallmark of GPCR proteins , which activate G proteins upon ligand binding and undergo endocytosis for regeneration or recycling . Among eight RGS and RGS-like proteins of M . oryzae , MoRgs7 and MoRgs8 contain a 7-TM domain in addition to the RGS domain . We found that MoRgs7 can form ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"processes",
"light",
"microscopy",
"fungal",
"structure",
"microscopy",
"appressoria",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"g",
"protein",
"coupled",
... | 2019 | The seven transmembrane domain protein MoRgs7 functions in surface perception and undergoes coronin MoCrn1-dependent endocytosis in complex with Gα subunit MoMagA to promote cAMP signaling and appressorium formation in Magnaporthe oryzae |
In human and porcine cysticercosis caused by the tapeworm Taenia solium , the larval stage ( cysts ) can infest several tissues including the central nervous system ( CNS ) and the skeletal muscles ( SM ) . The cyst’s proteomics changes associated with the tissue localization in the host tissues have been poorly studie... | Human and porcine cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium is a parasite disease still endemic in developing countries . The cysts can be located in different host tissues , including different organs of the central nervous system and the skeletal muscles . The molecular mechanisms associated with the tissue localization ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"cestodes",
"helminths",
"nervous",
"system",
"skeletal",
"muscles",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
... | 2017 | Quantitative multiplexed proteomics of Taenia solium cysts obtained from the skeletal muscle and central nervous system of pigs |
Fragile X syndrome ( FXS ) , the leading cause of inherited intellectual disability , is caused by epigenetic silencing of the FMR1 gene , through expansion and methylation of a CGG triplet repeat ( methylated full mutation ) . An antisense transcript ( FMR1-AS1 ) , starting from both promoter and intron 2 of the FMR1 ... | Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability , accounting for about 1∶3000 males and 1∶4000 females . It is caused by a dynamic mutation of FMR1 , a gene mapping on the X chromosome and containing a CGG repeat in its promoter region . Expansion of this unstable sequence beyond 200 re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Role of CTCF Protein in Regulating FMR1 Locus Transcription |
Rotifers of Class Bdelloidea are remarkable in having evolved for millions of years , apparently without males and meiosis . In addition , they are unusually resistant to desiccation and ionizing radiation and are able to repair hundreds of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks per genome with little effect on via... | Bdelloid rotifers are microscopic animals common in ephemeral freshwater environments throughout the world . They are unusual not only because they have been reproducing without males for millions of years , but also because they can survive long periods of complete desiccation at any life stage and exposure to levels ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2009 | Phylogenomics of Unusual Histone H2A Variants in Bdelloid Rotifers |
The evolution of tetrapod limbs from fish fins enabled the conquest of land by vertebrates and thus represents a key step in evolution . Despite the use of comparative gene expression analyses , critical aspects of this transformation remain controversial , in particular the origin of digits . Hoxa and Hoxd genes are e... | Our upper limbs differ from fish fins , notably by their subdivision into arm and hand regions , which are separated by a complex articulation , the wrist . The development of this anatomy is associated with two distinct waves of expression of the Hoxa and Hoxd genes during development . Would such a shared expression ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2014 | Conservation and Divergence of Regulatory Strategies at Hox Loci and the Origin of Tetrapod Digits |
Intracellular parasites of the genus Leishmania generate severe diseases in humans , which are associated with a failure of the infected host to induce a protective interferon γ ( IFNγ ) -mediated immune response . We tested the role of the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway in Leishmania pathogenesis by utilizing knockout mi... | Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania generate a variety of pathologies , collectively termed leishmaniasis , which afflict millions of people worldwide . Leishmania is transmitted during the blood meal of infested sand flies that inoculate highly infective metacyclic promastigotes into the mammalian host . Follo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2009 | A Novel Role for Stat1 in Phagosome Acidification and Natural Host Resistance to Intracellular Infection by Leishmania major |
Olfactory receptor neurons ( ORNs ) must select—from a large repertoire—which odor receptors to express . In Drosophila , most ORNs express one of 60 Or genes , and most Or genes are expressed in a single ORN class in a process that produces a stereotyped receptor-to-neuron map . The construction of this map poses a pr... | Odors are detected by olfactory receptor neurons ( ORNs ) . Which odor an individual neuron detects is dictated by the odor receptors it expresses . Odor receptors are encoded by large families of genes , and an individual neuron must thus select the gene it expresses from among many possibilities . The mechanism under... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | A Regulatory Code for Neuron-Specific Odor Receptor Expression |
We project forward total Zika virus disease ( ZVD ) under varying hazards of infection and consider how the age distribution of disease burden varies between these scenarios . Pathogens with age structured disease outcomes , such as rubella and Zika virus , require that management decisions consider their impact not on... | The intuitive response to an emerging outbreak is to halt , or at least reduce , transmission . However , in some circumstances , reducing overall transmission and incidence may be counterproductive from a public health perspective as public health interventions affect both the total level and the distribution of disea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microcephaly",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"maternal",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"pathogens",
"age",
"distribution",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"developmental",
"bi... | 2018 | Unintended consequences and the paradox of control: Management of emerging pathogens with age-specific virulence |
Trf4p and Trf5p are non-canonical poly ( A ) polymerases and are part of the heteromeric protein complexes TRAMP4 and TRAMP5 that promote the degradation of aberrant and short-lived RNA substrates by interacting with the nuclear exosome . To assess the level of functional redundancy between the paralogous Trf4 and Trf5... | The discovery that most regions of the genome are actively transcribed into non-coding RNAs has dramatically increased interest in their function and regulation . Recent data from us and others have shed light on the molecular machinery that promotes the decay of such transcripts . In the yeast S . cerevisiae , Trf4p a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/mrna",
"stability",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Distinct Roles of Non-Canonical Poly(A) Polymerases in RNA Metabolism |
Neural tube defects ( NTDs ) , including spina bifida and anencephaly , are common birth defects whose complex multigenic causation has hampered efforts to delineate their molecular basis . The effect of putative modifier genes in determining NTD susceptibility may be investigated in mouse models , particularly those t... | Failure of early development of the central nervous system leads to severe malformations termed neural tube defects ( NTDs ) , including spina bifida and anencephaly . Inherited genetic risk factors play a major role in determining susceptibility to NTDs , but causative genes have proven difficult to identify . In this... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"gene",
"function",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"morphogenesis",
"embryology",
"birth",
"defects",
"organogenesis",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"mouse",
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"genetics",
... | 2012 | Lamin B1 Polymorphism Influences Morphology of the Nuclear Envelope, Cell Cycle Progression, and Risk of Neural Tube Defects in Mice |
Viruses are known to employ different strategies to manipulate the major histocompatibility ( MHC ) class I antigen presentation pathway to avoid recognition of the infected host cell by the immune system . However , viral control of antigen presentation via the processes that supply and select antigenic peptide precur... | The presentation of short peptides on major histocompatibility ( MHC ) class I molecules forms the cornerstone for which the immune system tells apart self from non-self . It is important for viruses such as the Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) to avoid this antigen presentation pathway in order to escape recognition and kil... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/antigen",
"processing",
"and",
"recognition",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"virology",
"immunology",
"virology/immune",
"evasion",
"molecular",
"biology/translational",
"regulation"
] | 2010 | Epstein Barr Virus-Encoded EBNA1 Interference with MHC Class I Antigen Presentation Reveals a Close Correlation between mRNA Translation Initiation and Antigen Presentation |
Neural stem cells ( NSCs ) are progenitor cells for brain development , where cellular spatial composition ( cytoarchitecture ) and dynamics are hypothesized to be linked to critical NSC capabilities . However , understanding cytoarchitectural dynamics of this process has been limited by the difficulty to quantitativel... | Brain development is a dynamic and complex process that requires highly orchestrated interaction between neural stem cells . Therefore , investigating these dynamics is fundamental for understanding brain development and disease . However , difficulties to record and quantify neural stem cells behavior inside the brain... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Quantitative Live Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Neural Rosettes Reveals Structure-Function Dynamics Coupled to Cortical Development |
Mechanotransduction is a critical function for cells , in terms of cell viability , shaping of tissues , and cellular behavior . In vitro , cellular level forces can stretch adhesion proteins that link extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton exposing hidden binding sites . However , there is no evidence that in ... | How are mechanical forces that act on the surface of a cell transformed into biochemical signals within the cell ? Studies of isolated proteins suggest that some of them can stretch , but whether this also happens in living cells remains unclear . In this study , we have been able to measure the stretching of single mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"algorithms",
"biochemistry",
"computer",
"science",
"genetics",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"computing",
"methods",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"numerical",
"analysis"
] | 2011 | Mechanotransduction In Vivo by Repeated Talin Stretch-Relaxation Events Depends upon Vinculin |
A tantalizing question in cellular physiology is whether the cellular state and environmental conditions can be inferred by the expression signature of an organism . To investigate this relationship , we created an extensive normalized gene expression compendium for the bacterium Escherichia coli that was further enric... | The transcriptional profile of an organism contains clues about the environmental context in which it has evolved and currently lives , its behavior and cellular state . It is yet unclear , however , how much information can be efficiently extracted and how it can be used to classify new samples with respect to their e... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Microbial Forensics: Predicting Phenotypic Characteristics and Environmental Conditions from Large-Scale Gene Expression Profiles |
Phlebotomine sandflies are vectors of phleboviruses that cause sandfly fever or meningitis with significant implications for public health . Although several strains of these viruses had been isolated in Iran in the late 1970's , there was no recent data about the present situation at the outset of this study . Entomol... | Phlebotomine sandflies are vectors of phleboviruses that cause sandfly fever or meningitis with significant implications for public health . Although several strains of these viruses had been isolated in Iran in the late 1970's , there was no recent data about the present situation at the outset of this study . Entomol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"microbiology",
"sand",
"flies",
"gene",
"pool",
"viruses",
"amino",
"acid",
"sequence",
"an... | 2017 | Isolation and sequencing of Dashli virus, a novel Sicilian-like virus in sandflies from Iran; genetic and phylogenetic evidence for the creation of one novel species within the Phlebovirus genus in the Phenuiviridae family |
Aberrant viral RNAs produced in infected plant cells serve as templates for the synthesis of dsRNAs . The derived virus-related small interfering RNAs ( siRNA ) mediate cleavage of viral RNAs by post-transcriptional gene silencing ( PTGS ) , thus blocking virus multiplication . Here , we identified ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (... | In higher plants , aberrant RNAs generated during virus replication serve as templates to make small interfering RNAs . These small RNAs are used by host as a defense mechanism to cleave viral RNAs thereby blocking virus replication . The anti-virus defense is attenuated by the host cellular mRNA turnover machinery whi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Geminivirus Activates ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 to Accelerate Cytoplasmic DCP2-Mediated mRNA Turnover and Weakens RNA Silencing in Arabidopsis |
Prions cause neurodegeneration in vivo , yet prion-infected cultured cells do not show cytotoxicity . This has hampered mechanistic studies of prion-induced neurodegeneration . Here we report that prion-infected cultured organotypic cerebellar slices ( COCS ) experienced progressive spongiform neurodegeneration closely... | Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies ( TSEs ) are a group of fatal protein misfolding diseases causing neurodegeneration in vivo . TSEs are unique in that the infectious agent termed ‘prion’ consists of a misfolded protein lacking sequence specific nucleic acids . Prion-infected cultured cells do not develop visib... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"prion",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Prion Pathogenesis Is Faithfully Reproduced in Cerebellar Organotypic Slice Cultures |
Hairpin telomeres of bacterial linear chromosomes are generated by a DNA cutting–rejoining enzyme protelomerase . Protelomerase resolves a concatenated dimer of chromosomes as the last step of chromosome replication , converting a palindromic DNA sequence at the junctions between chromosomes into covalently closed hair... | Linear chromosomes capped by hairpin telomeres are widespread in prokaryotes and are found in important bacterial pathogens . However , three-dimensional structure of the hairpin telomere , as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its generation , has remained poorly understood . In this work , we investigated ho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"enzyme",
"structure",
"dna",
"replication",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"enzymes",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"dna",
"biology",
"dna",
"structure"
] | 2013 | An Enzyme-Catalyzed Multistep DNA Refolding Mechanism in Hairpin Telomere Formation |
Zinc is an essential trace element that is required for the function of a large number of proteins . As these zinc-binding proteins are found within the cytosol and organelles , all eukaryotes require mechanisms to ensure that zinc is delivered to organelles , even under conditions of zinc deficiency . Although many zi... | All organisms require homeostasis mechanisms to maintain sufficient levels of zinc for normal cell metabolism and to avoid toxicity . As zinc-binding proteins are located in the cytosol and within intracellular compartments , all cells have to balance intracellular zinc ion distribution so that there are sufficient , b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fluorophotometry",
"physiological",
"processes",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"nutrition",
"homeostasis",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"schizosaccharomyces",
"research",
"an... | 2018 | Zinc transporters belonging to the Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) family have complementary roles in transporting zinc out of the cytosol |
Interactions among multiple infectious agents are increasingly recognized as a fundamental issue in the understanding of key questions in public health regarding pathogen emergence , maintenance , and evolution . The full description of host-multipathogen systems is , however , challenged by the multiplicity of factors... | When multiple infectious agents circulate in a given population of hosts , they interact for the exploitation of susceptible hosts aimed at pathogen survival and maintenance . Such interaction is ruled by the combination of different mechanisms related to the biology of host-pathogen interaction , environmental conditi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"complex",
"systems",
"spatial",
"and",
"landscape",
"ecology",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"disease",
"ecology",
"mathematics",
"metapopulation",
"dynamics",
"ecology",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"disease",
"dynamics",
"population",
"dynamics",
"applied",
"mathe... | 2013 | Host Mobility Drives Pathogen Competition in Spatially Structured Populations |
Canine rabies was endemic pre-urbanisation , yet little is known about how it persists in small populations of dogs typically seen in rural and remote regions . By simulating rabies outbreaks in such populations ( 50–90 dogs ) using a network-based model , our objective was to determine if rabies-induced behavioural ch... | We investigated rabies spread in populations of 50–90 dogs using a simulation model in which dogs’ contacts were based on the social networks of three populations of free-roaming domestic dogs in the Torres Strait , Australia . Rabies spread would not occur unless we included rabies-induced behavioural changes ( increa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"sociology",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"pets",
"and",
"companion",
"animals",
"dogs",
"animals",
"mammals",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"preventive",
"med... | 2019 | Rabies-induced behavioural changes are key to rabies persistence in dog populations: Investigation using a network-based model |
Approximately 35 million people are infected with Clonorchis sinensis ( C . sinensis ) globally , of whom 15 million are in China . Glycolytic enzymes are recognized as crucial molecules for trematode survival and have been targeted for vaccine and drug development . Hexokinase of C . sinensis ( CsHK ) , as the first k... | Clonorchiasis , caused by Clonorchis sinensis ( C . sinensis ) infection , is a kind of neglected tropical disease . There are still few effective measures to prevent clonorchiasis . As in other helminthes , hexokinase ( HK ) has been well characterized as a target for vaccine and drug development . In the current stud... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Advanced Enzymology, Expression Profile and Immune Response of Clonorchis sinensis Hexokinase Show Its Application Potential for Prevention and Control of Clonorchiasis |
The human gut microbiota is impacted by host nutrition and health status and therefore represents a potentially adaptive phenotype influenced by metabolic and immune constraints . Previous studies contrasting rural populations in developing countries to urban industrialized ones have shown that industrialization is str... | The community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract plays a critical role in determining human health . It’s been hypothesized that the industrialized lifestyle , marked by a diet rich in processed foods , higher use of antibiotics , increased hygiene , and exposure to various chemicals , has altered ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Variation in Rural African Gut Microbiota Is Strongly Correlated with Colonization by Entamoeba and Subsistence |
Biological networks have evolved to be highly functional within uncertain environments while remaining extremely adaptable . One of the main contributors to the robustness and evolvability of biological networks is believed to be their modularity of function , with modules defined as sets of genes that are strongly int... | The modular organization of cells is not immediately obvious from the network of interacting genes , proteins , and molecules . A new window into cellular modularity is opened up by genetic data that identifies pairs of genes that interact either directly or indirectly to provide robustness to cellular function . Such ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"none",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Evolution of Complex Modular Biological Networks |
Animal development requires the execution of specific transcriptional programs in different sets of cells to build tissues and functional organs . Transcripts are exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where they are translated into proteins that , ultimately , carry out the cellular functions . Here we show that i... | The Central Dogma of Biology schematically highlights the transmission of genetic information stored in DNA , through RNA , to the formation of proteins . This general flow implicates RNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and proper protein localization within the eukaryotic cell . Ultimately , proteins are the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"rna",
"interference",
"gonads",
"caenorhabditis",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"messenger",
"rna",
"cell",
"processes",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
... | 2019 | Reduction of mRNA export unmasks different tissue sensitivities to low mRNA levels during Caenorhabditis elegans development |
Human endogenous retroviruses ( HERVs ) and other long terminal repeat ( LTR ) -type retrotransposons ( HERV/LTRs ) have regulatory elements that possibly influence the transcription of host genes . We systematically identified and characterized these regulatory elements based on publicly available datasets of ChIP-Seq... | Human endogenous retroviruses ( HERVs ) are genomic “fossils” of ancient exogenous retroviruses and their descendants that were replicated in host germ cells . The traits and evolutionary dynamics of ancient retroviruses and their descendants can be inferred by scrutinizing present-day HERVs . We systematically identif... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"gene",
"regulation",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"stem",
"cells",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"... | 2017 | Systematic identification and characterization of regulatory elements derived from human endogenous retroviruses |
The vapor phase of the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin incapacitates mosquitoes and prevents them from feeding . Although existing emanator products for delivering volatile pyrethroids protect against outdoor mosquito bites , they are too short-lived to be practical or affordable for routine use in low-income setting... | Many vector-borne parasites and arboviruses are transmitted by outdoor-biting mosquitoes , especially in the evenings and mornings , often despite high coverage of houses with insecticidal nets and residual sprays . The goal of the study was to measure the long-term durability of protection provided by a new , low-tech... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"pathogens",
"vapors",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"viruses",
"materials",
"science",
"surfactants",... | 2017 | A low technology emanator treated with the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin confers long term protection against outdoor biting vectors of lymphatic filariasis, arboviruses and malaria |
The fidelity of DNA replication requires an appropriate balance of dNTPs , yet the nascent leading and lagging strands of the nuclear genome are primarily synthesized by replicases that differ in subunit composition , protein partnerships and biochemical properties , including fidelity . These facts pose the question o... | The building blocks of DNA , dNTPs , are vital to life , and thus their production is carefully controlled within each cell . Under certain conditions , such as cancer , infection , or drugs , the overall dNTP level or dNTP balance can change . Using yeast genetics we manipulated the dNTP pool balance in unicellular ba... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"dna",
"metabolism",
"dna",
"replication",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"dna",
"repair",
"dna"
] | 2014 | Increased and Imbalanced dNTP Pools Symmetrically Promote Both Leading and Lagging Strand Replication Infidelity |
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