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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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The mainstay of current schistosomiasis control programs is mass preventive chemotherapy of school-aged children with praziquantel . This treatment is delivered through school-based , community-based , or combined school- and community-based systems . Attaining very high coverage rates for children is essential in mass... | Schistosomiasis is a chronic inflammatory condition , caused by parasitic flukes , that affects over 290 million people worldwide . Consequences of infection include anemia , stunted growth , liver abnormalities , and subfertility . Currently , the main approach to schistosomiasis control involves mass preventive treat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"education",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"teachers",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"health",
"care",
"age",
"groups",
"pharmaceutics",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"pharmacology",
"fa... | 2017 | Systematic review of community-based, school-based, and combined delivery modes for reaching school-aged children in mass drug administration programs for schistosomiasis |
Recent work has shown that much of the missing heritability of complex traits can be resolved by estimates of heritability explained by all genotyped SNPs . However , it is currently unknown how much heritability is missing due to poor tagging or additional causal variants at known GWAS loci . Here , we use variance co... | Heritable diseases have an unknown underlying “genetic architecture” that defines the distribution of effect-sizes for disease-causing mutations . Understanding this genetic architecture is an important first step in designing disease-mapping studies , and many theories have been developed on the nature of this distrib... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Quantifying Missing Heritability at Known GWAS Loci |
Voltage-gated cation channels regulate neuronal excitability through selective ion flux . NALCN , a member of a protein family that is structurally related to the α1 subunits of voltage-gated sodium/calcium channels , was recently shown to regulate the resting membrane potentials by mediating sodium leak and the firing... | Neurons communicate to their targets through synapses that are activated by the electrical signals conveyed along neuronal processes . The tightly regulated ion flux across the cell membrane drives the generation of these electrical signals; it is therefore important to identify ion channels that regulate the excitabil... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2008 | A Putative Cation Channel, NCA-1, and a Novel Protein, UNC-80, Transmit Neuronal Activity in C. elegans |
The V3 loop of the HIV-1 Env protein is the primary determinant of viral coreceptor usage , whereas the V1V2 loop region is thought to influence coreceptor binding and participate in shielding of neutralization-sensitive regions of the Env glycoprotein gp120 from antibody responses . The functional properties and antig... | The HIV envelope gene ( env ) encodes viral surface proteins ( Env ) that are vital to the basic processes used by the virus to infect and cause disease in humans . Adaptations in env determine which cells the virus can infect , and permit the virus to avoid elimination by the immune system . Env is one of the most var... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"virology/virion",
"structure,",
"assembly,",
"and",
"egress",
"viro... | 2010 | HIV-1 Envelope Subregion Length Variation during Disease Progression |
A potent therapeutic T-cell vaccine may be an alternative treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection . Previously , we developed a DNA prime-adenovirus ( AdV ) boost vaccination protocol that could elicit strong and specific CD8+ T-cell responses to woodchuck hepatitis virus ( WHV ) core antigen ( WHcAg )... | Chronic hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection is one of the major causes of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide . Recommended treatment regimens of chronic hepatitis B based on interferon alpha and nucleot ( s ) ide analogues do not lead to the satisfactory results . Over the last 20 years , continuous efforts hav... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Combination of DNA Prime – Adenovirus Boost Immunization with Entecavir Elicits Sustained Control of Chronic Hepatitis B in the Woodchuck Model |
Changes in gene expression play an important role in evolution , yet the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory evolution are poorly understood . Here we compare genome-wide binding of the six transcription factors that initiate segmentation along the anterior-posterior axis in embryos of two closely related specie... | The differentiation of cells , tissues , and organs during animal development is established by a process in which genes that control cell identity and behavior are turned on and off at specific times and places . This process is choreographed , to a large extent , by a collection of proteins known as transcription fac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"evolution",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
... | 2010 | Binding Site Turnover Produces Pervasive Quantitative Changes in Transcription Factor Binding between Closely Related Drosophila Species |
Staphylococcus aureus is a devastating mammalian pathogen for which the development of new therapeutic approaches is urgently needed due to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance . During infection pathogens must overcome the dual threats of host-imposed manganese starvation , termed nutritional immunity , and the oxi... | During infection , pathogens must overcome the restriction of essential nutrients such as manganese by the host , while simultaneously coping with other host defenses such as the oxidative burst . Using the host protein that limits manganese availability during infection and mice lacking this effector , we determined t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"manganese",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"dismutases",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"nutrition",
"bacteria",
"ma... | 2017 | A Superoxide Dismutase Capable of Functioning with Iron or Manganese Promotes the Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to Calprotectin and Nutritional Immunity |
Over two-thirds of the world's population lives in regions where rabies is endemic , resulting in over 15 million people receiving multi-dose post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP ) and over 55 , 000 deaths per year globally . A major goal in rabies virus ( RABV ) research is to develop a single-dose PEP that would simplify ... | Over two-thirds of the world's population lives in regions where rabies is endemic , resulting in over 15 million people receiving post-exposure treatment . A person , disproportionately a child , dies of rabies every 20 minutes and the cost of rabies prevention exceeds $1 billion US dollars per year . The development ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"humoral",
"immunity",
"medicine",
"viral",
"vaccines",
"immune",
"cells",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"global",
"health",
"immunizatio... | 2013 | Investigating the Role for IL-21 in Rabies Virus Vaccine-induced Immunity |
We have performed a metabolite quantitative trait locus ( mQTL ) study of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H NMR ) metabolome in humans , building on recent targeted knowledge of genetic drivers of metabolic regulation . Urine and plasma samples were collected from two cohorts of individuals of Europea... | Physiological concentrations of metabolites—small molecules involved in biochemical processes in living systems—can be measured and used to diagnose and predict disease states . A common goal is to detect and clinically exploit statistical differences in metabolite concentrations between diseased and healthy individual... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"mathematics",
"epidemiology",
"statistics",
"genetics",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"genomics",
"biostatistics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetic",
"epidemiology"
] | 2011 | A Genome-Wide Metabolic QTL Analysis in Europeans Implicates Two Loci Shaped by Recent Positive Selection |
Hybridization between species is an important mechanism for the origin of novel lineages and adaptation to new environments . Increased allelic variation and modification of the transcriptional network are the two recognized forces currently deemed to be responsible for the phenotypic properties seen in hybrids . Howev... | The Saccharomyces cerevisiae “sensu stricto” group represent an excellent example of closely related species which can readily hybridise to occupy new ecological niches . Hybrids harbour the DNA of both parents and can display diverse pattern of gene expression . Less is known about the protein interactions that occur ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Chimeric Protein Complexes in Hybrid Species Generate Novel Phenotypes |
Almost all attention and learning—in particular , most early learning—take place in social settings . But little is known of how our brains support dynamic social interactions . We recorded dual electroencephalography ( EEG ) from 12-month-old infants and parents during solo play and joint play . During solo play , flu... | We are a social species . Most infants and young children spend the majority of their early waking hours in the company of others . However , almost everything that we know about how the brain subserves early attention and learning comes from studies that examined brain function in one individual at a time just because... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"sociology",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"social",
"systems",
"age",
"groups",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"cognitive",
... | 2018 | Parental neural responsivity to infants’ visual attention: How mature brains influence immature brains during social interaction |
Predictions of interactions between target proteins and potential leads are of great benefit in the drug discovery process . We present a comprehensively applicable statistical prediction method for interactions between any proteins and chemical compounds , which requires only protein sequence data and chemical structu... | This work describes a statistical method that identifies chemical compounds binding to a target protein given the sequence of the target or distinguishes proteins to which a small molecule binds given the chemical structure of the molecule . As our method can be utilized for virtual screening that seeks for lead compou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"biology",
"mathematics/statistics",
"pharmacology/drug",
"development",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Integrating Statistical Predictions and Experimental Verifications for Enhancing Protein-Chemical Interaction Predictions in Virtual Screening |
M . tuberculosis N-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase ( GlmUMtb ) is a bi-functional enzyme engaged in the synthesis of two metabolic intermediates N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate ( GlcNAc-1-P ) and UDP-GlcNAc , catalyzed by the C- and N-terminal domains respectively . UDP-GlcNAc is a key metabolite essen... | The synthesis of the Mtb cell wall involves a cascade of reactions catalyzed by cytosolic and cell membrane-bound enzymes . The reaction catalyzed by GlmUMtb ( an enzyme with acetyltransferase and uridyltransferase activities ) generates UDP-GlcNAc , a central nucleotide-sugar building block of the cell wall . Apart fr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Depletion of M. tuberculosis GlmU from Infected Murine Lungs Effects the Clearance of the Pathogen |
In budding yeast , the major regulator of the mitotic exit network ( MEN ) is Tem1 , a GTPase , which is inhibited by the GTPase-activating protein ( GAP ) , Bfa1/Bub2 . Asymmetric Bfa1 localization to the bud-directed spindle pole body ( SPB ) during metaphase also controls mitotic exit , but the molecular mechanism a... | During mitosis the replicated chromosomes are distributed equally to the daughter cells . Once the chromosomes have segregated properly , a pathway called the mitotic exit network ( MEN ) becomes activated to complete mitosis . How MEN activation is coordinated with segregation of the chromosomes is currently a focus o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mitosis",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"biology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"models",
"saccharomyces",
"cerevisiae",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
... | 2012 | Cdc5-Dependent Asymmetric Localization of Bfa1 Fine-Tunes Timely Mitotic Exit |
Inhibition of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) replication is a promising therapeutic approach for intervening with HPV-related pathologies . Primary targets for interference are two viral proteins , E1 and E2 , which are required for HPV replication . Both E1 and E2 are phosphoproteins; thus , the protein kinases that pho... | Human papillomaviruses ( HPVs ) are small DNA viruses that infect epithelial cells and can cause a variety of hyperplastic changes in the infected tissue . Replication of the HPV genomes relies largely on the host cell factors . The only viral proteins that are necessary for the virus replication are E1 and E2 . Relati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"hpv-11",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"dna",
"replication",
"dna",
"viruses",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"h... | 2019 | Activity of CK2α protein kinase is required for efficient replication of some HPV types |
The acceleration of the control of soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) infections in Nigeria , emphasizing preventive chemotherapy , has become imperative in light of the global fight against neglected tropical diseases . Predictive risk maps are an important tool to guide and support control activities . STH infection p... | Infections with three kinds of parasitic worms—hookworm , roundworm , and whipworm—are collectively known as soil-transmitted helminths ( STHs ) . These parasitic worm infections are widespread in Nigeria , but the exact distribution is poorly understood . In view of the global commitment to control STH infections , th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Bayesian Geostatistical Model-Based Estimates of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection in Nigeria, Including Annual Deworming Requirements |
Metrics of phylogenetic tree reliability , such as parametric bootstrap percentages or Bayesian posterior probabilities , represent internal measures of the topological reproducibility of a phylogenetic tree , while the recently introduced aLRT ( approximate likelihood ratio test ) assesses the likelihood that a branch... | The construction of phylogenetic trees , which depict past relationships between groups of DNA or protein sequences , has valuable application in many fields of study , most commonly evolutionary and population biology . Before drawing conclusions from phylogenetic trees , it is important to assess how accurate those r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"none",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Measures of Clade Confidence Do Not Correlate with Accuracy of Phylogenetic Trees |
The hepatic circadian clock plays a key role in the daily regulation of glucose metabolism , but the precise molecular mechanisms that coordinate these two biological processes are not fully understood . In this study , we identify a novel connection between the regulation of RORγ by the clock machinery and the diurnal... | The circadian clock plays a critical role in the regulation of many physiological processes , including metabolism and energy homeostasis . The retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ ( RORγ ) functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates transcription by binding as a monomer to ROR-responsive ele... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"functional",
"genomics",
"diabetic",
"endocrinology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"... | 2014 | Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor γ (RORγ): A Novel Participant in the Diurnal Regulation of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity |
The mismatch negativity ( MMN ) is an event related potential evoked by violations of regularity . Here , we present a model of the underlying neuronal dynamics based upon the idea that auditory cortex continuously updates a generative model to predict its sensory inputs . The MMN is then modelled as the superposition ... | Computational neuroimaging enables quantitative inferences from non-invasive measures of brain activity on the underlying mechanisms . Ultimately , we would like to understand these mechanisms not only in terms of physiology but also in terms of computation . So far , this has not been addressed by mathematical models ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | A Neurocomputational Model of the Mismatch Negativity |
Beyond Mycobacterium ulcerans—specific therapy , sound general wound management is required for successful management of Buruli ulcer ( BU ) patients which places them among the large and diverse group of patients in poor countries with a broken skin barrier . Clinically BU suspicious patients were enrolled between Oct... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) , currently endemic in more than 30 countries , particularly in West and Central Africa , causes chronic necrotising disease of the skin and subcutaneous soft tissue . The task is twofold , specific therapy directed against the causative agent Mycobacterium ulcerans and general wound management to g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"rheumatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"osteomyelitis",
"physiological",
"processes",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"ulcers",
"analgesics",
"neglected",... | 2017 | Assessing and managing wounds of Buruli ulcer patients at the primary and secondary health care levels in Ghana |
Wild mammals serve as reservoirs for a variety of microbes and play an important role in the enzootic cycles of these microbes . Some of them are vector-borne bacteria in the genera Anaplasma , Ehrlichia and Rickettsia of the order Rickettsiales , which can cause febrile illnesses in human beings as well as animals . A... | In this study , the 16S rDNA-targeted metagenomic sequencing was used to determine the bacterial community and diversity in the spleens of small wild mammals from China . The 16S rDNAs were amplified from the spleen genomic DNAs of 35 small wild mice and shrews and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq technology . More than 1 ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"geomorphology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"landforms",
"shrews",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"topography",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"rickettsia",
"animals",
"mammals",
"ri... | 2018 | The spleen microbiota of small wild mammals reveals distinct patterns with tick-borne bacteria |
The Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) nuclear antigen leader protein ( EBNA-LP ) is the first viral latency-associated protein produced after EBV infection of resting B cells . Its role in B cell transformation is poorly defined , but it has been reported to enhance gene activation by the EBV protein EBNA2 in vitro . We gener... | Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) infects almost everyone . Once infected , people harbor the virus for life , shedding it in saliva . Infection of children is asymptomatic , but a first infection during adolescence or adulthood can cause glandular fever ( infectious mononucleosis ) . EBV is also implicated in several differe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"regulatory",
"proteins",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"... | 2018 | Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA-LP is essential for transforming naïve B cells, and facilitates recruitment of transcription factors to the viral genome |
Gastrointestinal infection is often associated with hypophagia and weight loss; however , the precise mechanisms governing these responses remain poorly defined . Furthermore , the possibility that alterations in feeding during infection may be beneficial to the host requires further study . We used the nematode Trichi... | Infection with intestinal parasites often results in a period of reduced appetite which can result in weight loss; however the factors which control these feeding alterations and the reason why they occur is unknown . We used the nematode parasite Trichinella spiralis , which during its life cycle causes intestinal and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"small",
"intestine",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immune",
"cells",
"cytokines",
"immunologic",
"subspecialties",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"helminth",
"infection",
"adaptive",
"immunity... | 2013 | Adaptive Immunity Alters Distinct Host Feeding Pathways during Nematode Induced Inflammation, a Novel Mechanism in Parasite Expulsion |
Yeast Npl3 is a highly abundant , nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling , RNA-binding protein , related to metazoan SR proteins . Reported functions of Npl3 include transcription elongation , splicing and RNA 3’ end processing . We used UV crosslinking and analysis of cDNA ( CRAC ) to map precise RNA binding sites , and strand... | Npl3 is a yeast mRNA binding protein with many reported functions in RNA processing . We wanted to identify direct targets and therefore combined analyses of the transcriptome-wide effects of the loss of Npl3 on gene expression with UV crosslinking and bioinformatics to identify RNA-binding sites for Npl3 . We found th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Loss of the Yeast SR Protein Npl3 Alters Gene Expression Due to Transcription Readthrough |
The epistatic interactions that underlie evolutionary constraint have mainly been studied for constant external conditions . However , environmental changes may modulate epistasis and hence affect genetic constraints . Here we investigate genetic constraints in the adaptive evolution of a novel regulatory function in v... | Epistatic interactions limit the number of adaptive trajectories to peaks on evolutionary fitness landscapes , and may therefore hamper the progress of evolution . Recent research has focused on adaptive landscapes in one constant environment . However , adaptive evolution is generally known to occur in variable , hete... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"ecology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"biophysics"
] | 2013 | Environmental Dependence of Genetic Constraint |
The parasite Leishmania often relies on gene rearrangements to survive stressful environments . However , safeguarding a minimum level of genome integrity is important for cell survival . We hypothesized that maintenance of genomic integrity in Leishmania would imply a leading role of the MRE11 and RAD50 proteins consi... | The parasite Leishmania relies on gene rearrangements to survive stressful conditions . However , maintaining a minimum level of genomic integrity is crucial for cell survival . Studies in other organisms have provided evidence that the DNA repair proteins MRE11 and RAD50 are involved in chromosomes organization , prot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"hybridization",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"biological",
"cultures",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"microhomology-mediated",
"end",
"joining",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"translocations",
"dna",
"research",
"and",
"analy... | 2016 | Chromosomal Translocations in the Parasite Leishmania by a MRE11/RAD50-Independent Microhomology-Mediated End Joining Mechanism |
Pathogens causing acute fever , with the exception of malaria , remain largely unidentified in sub-Saharan Africa , given the local unavailability of diagnostic tests and the broad differential diagnosis . We conducted a cross-sectional study including outpatient acute undifferentiated fever in both children and adults... | Malaria remains one of the most important causes of fever in sub-Saharan Africa . However , its share is declining , since the diagnosis and treatment of malaria have improved significantly over the years . Hence leading to an increase in the number of patients presenting with non-malarial fever . Often , obvious clini... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
... | 2019 | Dengue and chikungunya among outpatients with acute undifferentiated fever in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A cross-sectional study |
Pitch is one of the most important features of natural sounds , underlying the perception of melody in music and prosody in speech . However , the temporal dynamics of pitch processing are still poorly understood . Previous studies suggest that the auditory system uses a wide range of time scales to integrate pitch-rel... | Pitch is one of the most important features of natural sounds . The pitch sensation depends strongly on its temporal context , as happens , for example , in the perception of melody in music and prosody in speech . However , the temporal dynamics of pitch processing are poorly understood . Perceptual studies have shown... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"otolaryngology/audiology",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Understanding Pitch Perception as a Hierarchical Process with Top-Down Modulation |
Nelfinavir is a potent HIV-protease inhibitor with pleiotropic effects in cancer cells . Experimental studies connect its anti-cancer effects to the suppression of the Akt signaling pathway , but the actual molecular targets remain unknown . Using a structural proteome-wide off-target pipeline , which integrates molecu... | The traditional approach to drug discovery of “one drug – one target – one disease” is insufficient , especially for complex diseases , like cancer . This inadequacy is partially addressed by accepting the notion of polypharmacology – one drug is likely to bind to multiple targets with varying affinity . However , to i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"pharmacology",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"drug",
"discovery",
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"drug",
"research",
"and",
"development",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"computational",
"bi... | 2011 | Drug Discovery Using Chemical Systems Biology: Weak Inhibition of Multiple Kinases May Contribute to the Anti-Cancer Effect of Nelfinavir |
Most natural odors have sparse molecular composition . This makes the principles of compressed sensing potentially relevant to the structure of the olfactory code . Yet , the largely feedforward organization of the olfactory system precludes reconstruction using standard compressed sensing algorithms . To resolve this ... | Many olfactory systems are capable of accurately sensing a minimum of thousands of different odorants using as few as hundreds of different receptors . This compression raises the possibility that the mathematical properties of compressed sensing might be relevant to olfaction , similar to how these properties were fou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"brain",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"optimization",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"mathematics",
"odorants",
"materials",
"science",
"drosophila",
"research",
... | 2016 | A Robust Feedforward Model of the Olfactory System |
Trypanosoma brucei belongs to a group of unicellular , flagellated parasites that are responsible for human African trypanosomiasis . An essential aspect of parasite pathogenicity is cytoskeleton remodelling , which occurs during the life cycle of the parasite and is accompanied by major changes in morphology and organ... | Trypanosoma brucei is the parasite responsible for human African trypanosomiasis , a disease also known as sleeping sickness . African trypanosomiasis is present in Sub-Saharan Africa and transmitted by infected tsetse flies . This devastating disease is lethal if untreated , making it important to understand and chara... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"microtubules",
"pathogens",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"trypanosoma",
"brucei",
"protozoans",
"epigenetics",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",... | 2017 | Interaction between the flagellar pocket collar and the hook complex via a novel microtubule-binding protein in Trypanosoma brucei |
Protein-protein interactions ( PPIs ) formed between short linear motifs and globular domains play important roles in many regulatory and signaling processes but are highly underrepresented in current protein-protein interaction databases . These types of interactions are usually characterized by a specific binding mot... | Fine-tuning of many cellular processes relies on weak , transient protein-protein interactions . Such interactions often involve compact functional modules , called short linear motifs ( SLiMs ) that can bind to specific globular domains . SLiM-mediated interactions can carry out diverse molecular functions by targetin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"protein",
"interactions",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"dyneins",
"molecular",
"motors",
"network",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"ne... | 2017 | Novel linear motif filtering protocol reveals the role of the LC8 dynein light chain in the Hippo pathway |
Mathematical models have been used successfully at diverse scales of biological organization , ranging from ecology and population dynamics to stochastic reaction events occurring between individual molecules in single cells . Generally , many biological processes unfold across multiple scales , with mutations being th... | Mathematical understanding of how randomness at the molecular scale , also known as molecular noise , ultimately affects the fate of organisms and whole populations is widely recognized as a challenging problem in multi-scale modeling . Here , we develop an analytical framework for analyzing how the randomness of indiv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"bacteriophages",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"methylation",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"theoretical"... | 2019 | Molecular noise of innate immunity shapes bacteria-phage ecologies |
Trachoma is a disease that can lead to visual impairment and ultimately blindness . Previous estimates of health losses from trachoma using the Global Burden of Disease methodology have not , however , included the stage prior to visual impairment . We estimated the burden of all stages of trachoma in South Sudan and a... | Trachoma is an infectious disease that is endemic to the Republic of South Sudan . In the absence of appropriate treatment recurrent re-infection in an individual will lead to progressively severe states of trachoma , eventually leading to the loss of visual acuity and finally blindness . Here we distinguish between th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | The Burden of Trachoma in South Sudan: Assessing the Health Losses from a Condition of Graded Severity |
Toxocariasis is a worldwide helminthic zoonosis caused by infection with the larvae of the ascarid worms that comprise the Toxocara spp . Children are particularly prone to infection because they are exposed to the eggs in sandboxes and playgrounds contaminated with dog and cat feces . Certain behaviors , such as a geo... | Human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic infection occurring in Brazil and worldwide . The combination of the close proximity of canines and felines to humans , environmental contamination by infectious forms of the parasite and neglect by public health officials provides a favorable situation for the spread of this... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"epidemiology",
"pediatrics"
] | 2014 | Seroprevalence and Modifiable Risk Factors for Toxocara spp. in Brazilian Schoolchildren |
Natural products have moved into the spotlight as possible sources for new drugs in the treatment of helminth infections including schistosomiasis . Surprisingly , insect-derived compounds have largely been neglected so far in the search for novel anthelminthics , despite the generally recognized high potential of inse... | Natural compounds represent one of the richest sources for the discovery of new active compounds against diseases such as cancer or infections , including helminth infections that cause the highest disease burden in tropical countries . Surprisingly , insects have been almost completely neglected with respect to anthel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"alkaloids",
"reproductive",
"system",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"helminths",
"light",
"microscopy",
"animals",
"confocal",
"laser",
"microscopy",
"microscopy",
"confocal",
"... | 2019 | Insects in anthelminthics research: Lady beetle-derived harmonine affects survival, reproduction and stem cell proliferation of Schistosoma mansoni |
Widely used chemical genetic screens have greatly facilitated the identification of many antiviral agents . However , the regions of interaction and inhibitory mechanisms of many therapeutic candidates have yet to be elucidated . Previous chemical screens identified Daclatasvir ( BMS-790052 ) as a potent nonstructural ... | The emergence of drug resistance during antiviral treatment limits treatment options and poses challenges to pharmaceutical development . Meanwhile , the search for novel antiviral compounds with chemical genetic screens has led to the identification of antiviral agents with undefined drug mechanisms . Daclatasvir , an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"virology",
"microbial",
"control",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"antivirals",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"viral",
"evolution"
] | 2014 | A Quantitative High-Resolution Genetic Profile Rapidly Identifies Sequence Determinants of Hepatitis C Viral Fitness and Drug Sensitivity |
Zoonotic pathogens respond to changes in host range and/or pathogen , vector and host ecology . Environmental changes ( biodiversity , habitat changes , variability in climate ) , even at a local level , lead to variability in environmental pathogen dynamics and can facilitate their transmission from natural reservoirs... | Many emerging pathogens are zoonotic and transmit from their abiotic reservoir to wild animals , domesticated animals and humans . It is now well known that environmental changes lead to variability in their dynamics in the environment and contribute to changes in the infectious risk . Many aquatic bacteria are respons... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"leptospira",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"seasons",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"urban",
"environments",
"geology",... | 2019 | Comparison of Mycobacterium ulcerans (Buruli ulcer) and Leptospira sp. (Leptospirosis) dynamics in urban and rural settings |
The gambiense form of sleeping sickness is a neglected tropical disease , which is presumed to be anthroponotic . However , the parasite persists in human populations at levels of considerable rarity and as such the existence of animal reservoirs has been posited . Clarifying the impact of animal host reservoirs on the... | Sleeping sickness , a disease that strikes predominantly poor populations in sub-Saharan Africa , has been targeted for elimination as a public health problem . Despite decades of control operations the disease remains enigmatic and is capable of persisting in populations at low levels of prevalence . Two mechanisms ar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Implications of Heterogeneous Biting Exposure and Animal Hosts on Trypanosomiasis brucei gambiense Transmission and Control |
TAR-DNA-binding protein-43 ( TDP-43 ) C-terminus encodes a prion-like domain widely presented in RNA-binding proteins , which functions to form dynamic oligomers and also , amazingly , hosts most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) -causing mutations . Here , as facilitated by our previous discovery , by circular dic... | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) is the most prevalent fatal motor neuron disease . It was identified ~140 years ago , but the exact mechanism underlying the disease has still not been well defined . TAR-DNA-binding protein-43 ( TDP-43 ) was identified as the major component of the proteinaceous inclusions present... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | ALS-Causing Mutations Significantly Perturb the Self-Assembly and Interaction with Nucleic Acid of the Intrinsically Disordered Prion-Like Domain of TDP-43 |
There is increasing evidence that genetic risk variants for non-syndromic cleft lip/palate ( nsCL/P ) are also associated with normal-range variation in facial morphology . However , previous analyses are mostly limited to candidate SNPs and findings have not been consistently replicated . Here , we used polygenic risk... | Non-syndromic cleft lip/palate ( nsCL/P ) is a birth defect , primarily affecting the upper lip and hard palate . Individuals with nsCL/P and their unaffected family members sometimes present with other minor craniofacial anomalies and may have differences in facial morphology compared to the general population . Here ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"face",
"computational",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome",
"analysis",
"cleft",
"palate",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"morphogenesis",... | 2018 | Investigating the shared genetics of non-syndromic cleft lip/palate and facial morphology |
The evolutionary divergence of mitochondrial ribosomes from their bacterial and cytoplasmic ancestors has resulted in reduced RNA content and the acquisition of mitochondria-specific proteins . The mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit 34 ( MRPS34 ) is a mitochondria-specific ribosomal protein found only... | Mitochondria make most of the energy required by eukaryotic cells and therefore they are essential for their normal function and survival . Mitochondrial function is regulated by both the mitochondrial and nuclear genome . Mutations in nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Mutation in MRPS34 Compromises Protein Synthesis and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction |
Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus is both the prototype and study model of the Bunyaviridae family . The viral NSs protein seems to contribute to the different outcomes of infection in mammalian and mosquito cell lines . However , only limited information is available on the growth of Bunyamwera virus in cultured mosquito cel... | Bunyamwera and serologically related viruses are widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions , and cause febrile illness in man . The viruses possess a trisegmented genome and can evolve by genetic reassortment generating viruses with different pathogenicity , like Ngari virus , a reassortant between Bunyam... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Role of Bunyamwera Orthobunyavirus NSs Protein in Infection of Mosquito Cells |
Comparative research on food web structure has revealed generalities in trophic organization , produced simple models , and allowed assessment of robustness to species loss . These studies have mostly focused on free-living species . Recent research has suggested that inclusion of parasites alters structure . We assess... | Food webs are networks of feeding interactions among species . Although parasites comprise a large proportion of species diversity , they have generally been underrepresented in food web data and analyses . Previous analyses of the few datasets that contain parasites have indicated that their inclusion alters network s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"community",
"ecology",
"ecology",
"food",
"web",
"structure",
"coastal",
"ecology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"marine",
"biology",
"parasitology"
] | 2013 | Parasites Affect Food Web Structure Primarily through Increased Diversity and Complexity |
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis affecting livestock and human beings . The human disease lacks pathognomonic symptoms and laboratory tests are essential for its diagnosis . However , most tests are difficult to implement in the areas and countries were brucellosis is endemic . Here , we compared the simple ... | The Rose Bengal Test ( RBT ) for brucellosis serological diagnosis was adapted to test serum dilutions and its usefulness evaluated using sera of Brucella culture positive patients , persons with contact with Brucella but no symptoms , veterinarians accidentally injected with vaccine Rev 1 who had not developed the dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | The Rose Bengal Test in Human Brucellosis: A Neglected Test for the Diagnosis of a Neglected Disease |
Groups can make precise collective estimations in cases like the weight of an object or the number of items in a volume . However , in others tasks , for example those requiring memory or mental calculation , subjects often give estimations with large deviations from factual values . Allowing members of the group to co... | We modelled how humans interact , and used the models to find strategies that can make groups more accurate . Each individual in a group combines private and public information to make estimations . But when the public information is biased , social information has the effect of making groups agree even more on an inco... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Improving Collective Estimations Using Resistance to Social Influence |
Juvenile dermatomyositis ( JDM ) is a chronic inflammatory myopathy and vasculopathy driven by genetic and environmental influences . Here , we investigated the genetic underpinnings of an analogous , spontaneous disease of dogs also termed dermatomyositis ( DMS ) . As in JDM , we observed a significant association wit... | Juvenile dermatomyositis ( JDM ) is an autoimmune disease of the skin and muscle influenced by both genetic and environmental components . Although genes independent of the MHC are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis , their identification has been complicated by a paucity of biological samples , disease hete... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"dogs",
"animals",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"mammals",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"genome",
"analysis",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"major",
"hi... | 2017 | Beyond the MHC: A canine model of dermatomyositis shows a complex pattern of genetic risk involving novel loci |
The replacement of histone H2A with its variant forms is critical for regulating all aspects of genome organisation and function . The histone variant H2A . B appeared late in evolution and is most highly expressed in the testis followed by the brain in mammals . This raises the question of what new function ( s ) H2A ... | The substitution of core histones with their non-allelic variant forms plays a particular important role in regulating chromatin function because they can directly alter the structure of chromatin , and provide new protein interaction interfaces for the recruitment of proteins involved in gene expression . Despite bein... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"dna",
"transcription",
"germ",
"cells",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"rna",
"sequencing",
"chromatin",
"sperm",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"spermatids",
"chromosome",
"biology",... | 2017 | A new link between transcriptional initiation and pre-mRNA splicing: The RNA binding histone variant H2A.B |
Spatial regulation is often encountered as a component of multi-tiered regulatory systems in eukaryotes , where processes are readily segregated by organelle boundaries . Well-characterized examples of spatial regulation are less common in bacteria . Low-fidelity DNA polymerase V ( UmuD′2C ) is produced in Escherichia ... | Escherichia coli , and many other bacteria , respond to high levels of DNA damage with an inducible system called the SOS response . In this response , bacteria first try to restart replication using non-mutagenic DNA repair strategies . If that fails , replication can be restored using DNA polymerases that simply repl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Regulation of Mutagenic DNA Polymerase V Activation in Space and Time |
Rabies is endemic in Sri Lanka , but little is known about the temporal and spatial trends of rabies in this country . Knowing these trends may provide insight into past control efforts and serve as the basis for future control measures . In this study , we analyzed distribution of rabies in humans and animals over a p... | Rabies is a public health concern in Sri Lanka . The incidence of dog rabies remains unchanged , but the incidence of suspect human rabies is decreasing gradually in Sri Lanka . This finding indicates the effects of improved access to postexposure prophylaxis by animal bite victims and increased rabies awareness . As i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"disease",
"surveillance",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"rabies",
"plant",
"science",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"epidemiology",
"disease",
"surveillance",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sc... | 2014 | Twelve Years of Rabies Surveillance in Sri Lanka, 1999–2010 |
The intracellular accommodation structures formed by plant cells to host arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and biotrophic hyphal pathogens are cytologically similar . Therefore we investigated whether these interactions build on an overlapping genetic framework . In legumes , the malectin-like domain leucine-rich repeat rece... | Our work reveals genetic commonalities between biotrophic intracellular interactions with symbiotic and pathogenic hyphal microbes . The majority of land plants engages in arbuscular mycorrhiza ( AM ) symbiosis with phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to avoid phosphate starvation . Nutrient exchange in th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"symbiosis",
"pathogens",
"brassica",
"fungal",
"structure",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"experim... | 2019 | A set of Arabidopsis genes involved in the accommodation of the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis |
The infection cycle of viruses creates many opportunities for the exchange of genetic material with the host . Many viruses integrate their sequences into the genome of their host for replication . These processes may lead to the virus acquisition of host sequences . Such sequences are prone to accumulation of mutation... | Many studies focused on the exchange of genetic material between viruses and cellular hosts . The diversity of viruses argues that , along the evolutionary history , viruses have shaped the host genomes . While most viruses have many opportunities to exchange genetic material with their hosts , tracing such events is c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genomics",
"virology",
"viral",
"classification",
"immunology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"proteomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Viral Proteins Acquired from a Host Converge to Simplified Domain Architectures |
In the tropics , the utilization of insecticides is still an important strategy for controlling Aedes aegypti , the principle vector of dengue , chikungunya and Zika viruses . However , increasing insecticide resistance in Ae . aegypti populations might hinder insecticide efficacy on a long-term basis . It will be impo... | Among the pathogens transmitted by Aedes aegypti , dengue virus is the most important due to the number of people affected or at risk and the high rate of mortality worldwide . The confirmation that Ae . aegypti is also the vector of Zika , chikungunya and urban yellow fever poses serious consequences for public health... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"larvicides",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mutation",
"substitution",
"mutation",
"pest",
"control",
"enzyme",
"metabolism",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
... | 2018 | The impact of insecticide applications on the dynamics of resistance: The case of four Aedes aegypti populations from different Brazilian regions |
Podoconiosis is an environmental lymphoedema affecting people living and working barefoot on irritant red clay soil . Podoconiosis is relatively well described in southern Ethiopia , but remains neglected in other parts of the Ethiopian highlands . This study aimed to assess the burden of podoconiosis in rural communit... | Podoconiosis is a chronic non-infectious disease resulting in below-knee swelling of the legs in bare-footed people living in red clay soil areas . It is an important and yet neglected problem in tropical Africa , central and south America , and north India . Podoconiosis can be prevented by consistently wearing shoes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"primary",
"care",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"public",
"health"
] | 2011 | Burden of Podoconiosis in Poor Rural Communities in Gulliso woreda, West Ethiopia |
The increase in availability of whole genome sequences makes it possible to search for evidence of adaptation at an unprecedented scale . Despite recent progress , our understanding of the adaptive process is still very limited due to the difficulties in linking adaptive mutations to their phenotypic effects . In this ... | Given the predictions of future environmental fluctuations , it is crucial to understand how organisms adapt to changing environments . The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model organism to study environmental adaptation because of our deep understanding of developmental , physiological , and metabolic ne... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2014 | A Transposable Element Insertion Confers Xenobiotic Resistance in Drosophila |
Apart from sharing common ancestry with chordates , sea cucumbers exhibit a unique morphology and exceptional regenerative capacity . Here we present the complete genome sequence of an economically important sea cucumber , A . japonicus , generated using Illumina and PacBio platforms , to achieve an assembly of approxi... | Echinoderms , ubiquitous in the marine environment , are important from evolutionary , ecological , and socioeconomic perspectives . Together with chordates and hemichordates , they form the deuterostome clade , making them a crucial node in the study of chordate ancestry . Within echinoderms , class Holothuroidea is u... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"methods",
"and",
"resources",
"genomic",
"library",
"construction",
"animals",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"echinoderms",
"starfish",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"metho... | 2017 | The sea cucumber genome provides insights into morphological evolution and visceral regeneration |
During meiosis , chromosomes undergo DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) , which can be repaired using a homologous chromosome to produce crossovers . Meiotic recombination frequency is variable along chromosomes and tends to concentrate in narrow hotspots . We mapped crossover hotspots located in the Arabidopsis thalian... | Sexually reproducing plants and animals produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes , which can participate in fertilization . A specialized cell division called meiosis generates gametes , where the chromosomes are copied once and segregated twice . A further key feature of meiosis is that chromosomes physical... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"population",
"genetics",
"brassica",
"cell",
"processes",
"pollen",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques"... | 2018 | Interhomolog polymorphism shapes meiotic crossover within the Arabidopsis RAC1 and RPP13 disease resistance genes |
Although evolutionary transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction are frequent in eukaryotes , the genetic bases of these shifts remain largely elusive . Here , we used classic quantitative trait analysis , combined with genomic and transcriptomic information to dissect the genetic basis of asexual , parthenogeneti... | Asexual reproduction is widespread among all major clades of eukaryotes . Parthenogenesis represents a specific mode of asexual reproduction , secondarily derived from sexual reproduction , and refers to the development of a multicellular organism from an unfertilised gamete . Parthenogenesis has evolved independently ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"alleles",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"developmental",
"biology",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sex",
"chromosomes",
"genomics",
"gene",
"mapping",
... | 2019 | A key role for sex chromosomes in the regulation of parthenogenesis in the brown alga Ectocarpus |
Rates of random , spontaneous mutation can vary plastically , dependent upon the environment . Such plasticity affects evolutionary trajectories and may be adaptive . We recently identified an inverse plastic association between mutation rate and population density at 1 locus in 1 species of bacterium . It is unknown h... | Spontaneous mutations fuel evolution , but the rate at which they occur can vary for a particular organism depending on its environment—a phenomenon known as mutation-rate plasticity . For microbes growing in liquid , the density to which a population can grow is a key feature of the environment . We find that organism... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"fungi",
"phylogenetics",
"model",
"organisms",
"data",
"manage... | 2017 | Spontaneous mutation rate is a plastic trait associated with population density across domains of life |
Axon pathfinding and synapse formation rely on precise spatiotemporal localization of guidance receptors . However , little is known about the neuron-specific intracellular trafficking mechanisms that underlie the sorting and activity of these receptors . Here we show that loss of the neuron-specific v-ATPase subunit a... | Brain wiring is determined by genetic and environmental factors , nature and nurture . The Drosophila brain is a model for the genetic basis of brain wiring . The fly visual system in particular is thought to be “hard-wired , ” i . e . , encoded solely by a genetic program . Some key genes encode the guidance receptors... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"and",
"glial",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Guidance Receptor Degradation Is Required for Neuronal Connectivity in the Drosophila Nervous System |
Accurate gene or protein function prediction is a key challenge in the post-genome era . Most current methods perform well on molecular function prediction , but struggle to provide useful annotations relating to biological process functions due to the limited power of sequence-based features in that functional domain ... | Despite painstaking experimental efforts and the extensive sequence similarity based annotation transfers , less than a half of the fruit fly protein sequences in UniProtKB have some functional annotation . To help fill in this gap , we test the usefulness of publicly available temporal gene expression profiles and the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [] | 2017 | Analysis of temporal transcription expression profiles reveal links between protein function and developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster |
The Gram-positive , spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American Foulbrood ( AFB ) , a globally occurring , deathly epizootic of honey bee brood . AFB outbreaks are predominantly caused by two genotypes of P . larvae , ERIC I and ERIC II , with P . larvae ERIC II being the more viru... | Paenibacillus larvae is the most devastating bacterial pathogen of honey bees . However , the molecular interactions between infected larvae and P . larvae are poorly understood and little more than speculation exist concerning virulence factors . Recently , a putative S-layer protein has been identified in P . larvae ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"veterinary",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Identification and Functional Analysis of the S-Layer Protein SplA of Paenibacillus larvae, the Causative Agent of American Foulbrood of Honey Bees |
In recent years , an increased focus has been placed upon the possibility of the elimination of soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) transmission using various interventions including mass drug administration . The primary diagnostic tool recommended by the WHO is the detection of STH eggs in stool using the Kato-Katz ( K... | Soil-transmitted helminths are categorised as a neglected tropical disease and comprise four dominant species ( two hookworms , Trichuris trichuria & Ascaris lumbricoides ) that affect the poorest people in the world . The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) has made great strides in reducing the morbidity induced by STH... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"hookworms",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"health",
"care",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"ascaris",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"disease... | 2018 | Testing for soil-transmitted helminth transmission elimination: Analysing the impact of the sensitivity of different diagnostic tools |
In many biological settings , two or more cells come into physical contact to form a cell-cell interface . In some cases , the cell-cell contact must be transient , forming on timescales of seconds . One example is offered by the T cell , an immune cell which must attach to the surface of other cells in order to deciph... | The elastohydrodynamics of water in and around cells is playing an increasingly recognized role in biology . In this work , we investigate the flow of extracellular fluid in between cells during the formation of a cell-cell contact , to determine whether its necessary evacuation as the cells approach is a rate-limiting... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results"
] | [
"classical",
"mechanics",
"fluid",
"mechanics",
"permeability",
"viscosity",
"developmental",
"biology",
"membrane",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"materials",
"science",
"molecular",
"development",
"materials",
"physics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"chemical... | 2019 | Hydrodynamics of transient cell-cell contact: The role of membrane permeability and active protrusion length |
Periplasmic binding proteins ( PBPs ) are a large family of molecular transporters that play a key role in nutrient uptake and chemotaxis in Gram-negative bacteria . All PBPs have characteristic two-domain architecture with a central interdomain ligand-binding cleft . Upon binding to their respective ligands , PBPs und... | Maltose-binding protein ( MBP ) is a bacterial protein involved in nutrient uptake . Crystallographic studies have revealed two stable conformations: a ligand-free open form and a liganded closed form . The interconversion between the 2 forms has been traditionally viewed as a ligand “induced” process . However , recen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"gibbs",
"free",
"energy",
"enthalpy",
"biological",
"systems",
"engineering",
"newton's",
"laws",
"of",
"motion",
"protein",
"structur... | 2011 | Accessing a Hidden Conformation of the Maltose Binding Protein Using Accelerated Molecular Dynamics |
Paramyxoviruses can establish persistent infections both in vitro and in vivo , some of which lead to chronic disease . However , little is known about the molecular events that contribute to the establishment of persistent infections by RNA viruses . Using parainfluenza virus type 5 ( PIV5 ) as a model we show that ph... | As well as causing acute infections that result in mild to serious disease , many RNA viruses can establish prolonged or persistent infections in some infected individuals , that occasionally lead to chronic or reactive disease . Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of such infec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"pulmonology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"rna",
"sequencing",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"microbial",
"geno... | 2019 | The switch between acute and persistent paramyxovirus infection caused by single amino acid substitutions in the RNA polymerase P subunit |
The Government of Senegal has embarked several years ago on a project that aims to eradicate Glossina palpalis gambiensis from the Niayes area . The removal of the animal trypanosomosis would allow the development more efficient livestock production systems . The project was implemented using an area-wide integrated pe... | The Government of Senegal has embarked since several years on a project that aims to create a tsetse-free area in the Niayes . The project was implemented using an area-wide integrated pest management ( AW-IPM ) strategy where the sterile flies used for the sterile insect technique ( SIT ) component were derived from a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"pigments",
"animals",
"glossina",
"organisms",
"insect",
"pests",
"materials",
"science",
"pest",
"control",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"tsetse",... | 2016 | A Molecular Method to Discriminate between Mass-Reared Sterile and Wild Tsetse Flies during Eradication Programmes That Have a Sterile Insect Technique Component |
Experimental studies show that human pain sensitivity varies across the 24-hour day , with the lowest sensitivity usually occurring during the afternoon . Patients suffering from neuropathic pain , or nerve damage , experience an inversion in the daily modulation of pain sensitivity , with the highest sensitivity usual... | Human pain sensitivity follows a daily ( ∼24 hour ) rhythm . In particular , humans experience the highest sensitivity to pain in the middle of night and lowest in the afternoon . Patients suffering from neuropathy , a disease resulting from nerve damage leading to an increase in pain sensitivity , experience an approx... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"somatosensory",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nervous",
"system",
"neuroscience",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"interneurons",
"neuropathic",
"pain",
"sensory",
"physiology",
"spinal"... | 2019 | Modeling the daily rhythm of human pain processing in the dorsal horn |
The blood cancer T cell large granular lymphocyte ( T-LGL ) leukemia is a chronic disease characterized by a clonal proliferation of cytotoxic T cells . As no curative therapy is yet known for this disease , identification of potential therapeutic targets is of immense importance . In this paper , we perform a comprehe... | T-LGL leukemia is a blood cancer characterized by an abnormal increase in the abundance of a type of white blood cell called T cell . Since there is no known curative therapy for this disease , identification of potential therapeutic targets is of utmost importance . Experimental identification of manipulations capable... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"signaling",
"networks"
] | 2011 | Dynamical and Structural Analysis of a T Cell Survival Network Identifies Novel Candidate Therapeutic Targets for Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia |
Typhoid fever is endemic in Fiji , with high reported annual incidence . We sought to identify the sources and modes of transmission of typhoid fever in Fiji with the aim to inform disease control . We identified and surveyed patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever from January 2014 through January 2017 . F... | Modeling suggests that Oceania has surpassed Asia and sub-Saharan Africa as the region with the highest typhoid fever incidence . While Pacific Islands are often neglected due to small population sizes , there is an urgent need to understand the epidemiology of typhoid fever in the region . Fiji , an upper-middle incom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"surface",
"water",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"salmonella",
"typhi",
"health",
"care",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"sy... | 2018 | Epidemiology and risk factors for typhoid fever in Central Division, Fiji, 2014–2017: A case-control study |
After germination , plants enter juvenile vegetative phase and then transition to an adult vegetative phase before producing reproductive structures . The character and timing of the juvenile-to-adult transition vary widely between species . In annual plants , this transition occurs soon after germination and usually i... | The existence of discrete juvenile and adult phases of vegetative development in plants was first recognized in trees , in which these phases are usually prolonged and quite stable . Annual plants also undergo changes in vegetative morphology during shoot development , but the relationship between this process and vege... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | MiRNA Control of Vegetative Phase Change in Trees |
The activity of trans-membrane proteins such as ion channels is the essence of neuronal transmission . The currently most accurate method for determining ion channel kinetic mechanisms is single-channel recording and analysis . Yet , the limitations and complexities in interpreting single-channel recordings discourage ... | Voltage-gated ion channels affect neuronal integration of information . Some neurons express more than ten different types of voltage-gated ion channels , making information processing a highly convoluted process . Kinetic modelling of ion channels is an important method for unravelling the role of each channel type in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"physiology",
"neuroscience",
"rattus",
"(rat)",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | A Numerical Approach to Ion Channel Modelling Using Whole-Cell Voltage-Clamp Recordings and a Genetic Algorithm |
One goal of modern day neuroscience is the establishment of molecular maps that assign unique features to individual neuron types . Such maps provide important starting points for neuron classification , for functional analysis , and for developmental studies aimed at defining the molecular mechanisms of neuron identit... | Maps of gene expression patterns in nervous systems provide an important resource for neuron classification , for functional analysis , and for developmental studies that ask how different neurons acquire their unique identities . By analyzing transgenic GFP reporter strains , we describe here the expression pattern of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"methods",
"and",
"resources",
"nervous",
"system",
"caenorhabditis",
"social",
"sciences",
"reporter",
"genes",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"... | 2018 | An atlas of Caenorhabditis elegans chemoreceptor expression |
During meiosis , the rapid movement of telomeres along the nuclear envelope ( NE ) facilitates pairing/synapsis of homologous chromosomes . In mammals , the mechanical properties of chromosome movement and the cytoskeletal structures responsible for it remain poorly understood . Here , applying an in vivo electroporati... | Meiosis is a special type of cell division for gametogenesis , errors in which cause several genetic disorders such as infertility and Down syndrome . In meiotic prophase I , chromosomes are tethered to the nuclear envelope ( NE ) through telomeres , and move rapidly along the NE to get homologs aligned and juxtaposed ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | The Dissection of Meiotic Chromosome Movement in Mice Using an In Vivo Electroporation Technique |
The proteomes of cells , tissues , and organisms reflect active cellular processes and change continuously in response to intracellular and extracellular cues . Deep , quantitative profiling of the proteome , especially if combined with mRNA and metabolite measurements , should provide an unprecedented view of cell sta... | The development of next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing methods has transformed biology , with current platforms generating >1 billion sequencing reads per run . Unfortunately , no method of similar scale and throughput exists to identify and quantify specific proteins in complex mixtures , representing a critical bo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Theoretical Justification for Single Molecule Peptide Sequencing |
Our work focuses on the stability , resilience , and response to perturbation of the bacterial communities in the human gut . Informative flash flood-like disturbances that eliminate most gastrointestinal biomass can be induced using a clinically-relevant iso-osmotic agent . We designed and executed such a disturbance ... | Complex dynamics of microbial communities underlie their essential roles in health and disease . To maintain or restore healthy states , we must better understand the nature and basis of stability in the gut microbiota , under normal and perturbed conditions . Stability , resilience , and response to perturbation are c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gut",
"bacteria",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"bacteroides",
"diarrhea",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"metagenomics",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"gastroenterolog... | 2017 | Multidomain analyses of a longitudinal human microbiome intestinal cleanout perturbation experiment |
The coordinated action of a variety of virulence factors allows Salmonella enterica to invade epithelial cells and penetrate the mucosal barrier . The influence of the age-dependent maturation of the mucosal barrier for microbial pathogenesis has not been investigated . Here , we analyzed Salmonella infection of neonat... | Non-typhoidal Salmonella are among of the most prevalent causative agents of infectious diarrheal disease worldwide but also very significantly contribute to infant sepsis and meningitis particularly in developing countries . The underlying mechanisms of the elevated susceptibility of the infant host to systemic Salmon... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"immunology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pediatric",
"gastroenterology",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"microbial",
"pa... | 2014 | Age-Dependent Enterocyte Invasion and Microcolony Formation by Salmonella |
Helminth parasites are an assemblage of two major phyla of nematodes ( also known as roundworms ) and platyhelminths ( also called flatworms ) . These parasites are a major human health burden , and infections caused by helminths are considered under neglected tropical diseases ( NTDs ) . These infections are typified ... | The fungal metabolite cladosporin is a potent and selective inhibitor of the malaria parasite protein translation machinery enzyme lysyl-tRNA synthetase ( KRS ) . Our computational annotations of parasitic aaRSs from Loa loa and Schistosoma mansoni provide catalogs of these enzymes that drive parasitic protein translat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"crystal",
"structure",
"helminths",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"animals",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"acylation",
"protozoans",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biolo... | 2016 | Protein Translation Enzyme lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Presents a New Target for Drug Development against Causative Agents of Loiasis and Schistosomiasis |
The host vasculature is believed to constitute the principal route of dissemination of Neisseria meningitidis ( Nm ) throughout the body , resulting in septicaemia and meningitis in susceptible humans . In vitro , the Nm outer membrane protein Opc can enhance cellular entry and exit , utilising serum factors to anchor ... | Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen that can cross the natural cellular barriers to reach the blood and the brain , causing septicaemia and meningitis . One of its surface molecules , Opc , has the capacity to attach to human cells lining the blood vessels . In vitro , the bacterium can do this by coating itself... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"adhesion",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2010 | Neisseria meningitidis Opc Invasin Binds to the Sulphated Tyrosines of Activated Vitronectin to Attach to and Invade Human Brain Endothelial Cells |
Proteins do not carry out their functions alone . Instead , they often act by participating in macromolecular complexes and play different functional roles depending on the other members of the complex . It is therefore interesting to identify co-complex relationships . Although protein complexes can be identified in a... | Many proteins perform their jobs as part of multi-protein units called complexes , and several technologies exist to identify these complexes and their components with varying precision and throughput . In this work , we describe and apply a computational framework for combining a variety of experimental data to identi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Predicting Co-Complexed Protein Pairs from Heterogeneous Data |
The nuclear lamina is the structural scaffold of the nuclear envelope and is well known for its central role in nuclear organization and maintaining nuclear stability and shape . In the past , a number of severe human disorders have been identified to be associated with mutations in lamins . Extensive research on this ... | Diploid germ line cells have to undergo meiosis to produce haploid gametes . Haploidization involves pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes as a prerequisite for their proper segregation . Pairing of homologous chromosomes requires their active repositioning within meiotic nuclei , which depends on the int... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"cellular",
"structures",
"gene",
"function",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"nucleus",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"biology",
"mouse",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"cellular",
"types",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"g... | 2013 | The Meiotic Nuclear Lamina Regulates Chromosome Dynamics and Promotes Efficient Homologous Recombination in the Mouse |
Distributions of the backbone dihedral angles of proteins have been studied for over 40 years . While many statistical analyses have been presented , only a handful of probability densities are publicly available for use in structure validation and structure prediction methods . The available distributions differ in a ... | The three-dimensional structure of a protein enables it to perform its specific function , which may be catalysis , DNA binding , cell signaling , maintaining cell shape and structure , or one of many other functions . Predicting the structures of proteins is an important goal of computational biology . One way of doin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics/statistics",
"computational",
"biology/protein",
"structure",
"prediction"
] | 2010 | Neighbor-Dependent Ramachandran Probability Distributions of Amino Acids Developed from a Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Model |
Despite its century-old use , the interpretation of local field potentials ( LFPs ) , the low-frequency part of electrical signals recorded in the brain , is still debated . In cortex the LFP appears to mainly stem from transmembrane neuronal currents following synaptic input , and obvious questions regarding the ‘loca... | The first recording of electrical potential from brain activity was reported already in 1875 , but still the interpretation of the signal is debated . To take full advantage of the new generation of microelectrodes with hundreds or even thousands of electrode contacts , an accurate quantitative link between what is mea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"neuronal",
"morphology",
"neurophysiology",
"central",
"nervous",
"system",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"electric",
"field",
"electricity",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"s... | 2013 | Frequency Dependence of Signal Power and Spatial Reach of the Local Field Potential |
p53-signaling is modulated by viruses to establish a host cellular environment advantageous for their propagation . The Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) lytic program induces phosphorylation of p53 , which prevents interaction with MDM2 . Here , we show that induction of EBV lytic program leads to degradation of p53 via an u... | Inhibition of p53-mediated transactivation is essential for regulating the cellular environment advantageous for viral infection . Specially , DNA viruses target p53 for inactivation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway . The E6 protein of the high-risk human papillomaviruses and the cellular ubiquitin-protein liga... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/post-translational",
"regulation",
"of",
"gene",
"expression",
"virology",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2009 | Degradation of Phosphorylated p53 by Viral Protein-ECS E3 Ligase Complex |
Intracellular pathogens include all viruses , many bacteria and parasites capable of invading and surviving within host cells . Key to survival is the subversion of host cell pathways by the pathogen for the purpose of propagation and evading the immune system . The intracellular bacterium Shigella flexneri , the causa... | Shigella flexneri is an intracellular bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of bacillary dysentery . It possesses the ability to invade and propagate within human cells by injecting bacterial effector proteins directly into host cells . Shortly after entry within a vacuole , S . flexneri induces vacuolar rupture a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"vacuoles",
"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"shigella",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"bact... | 2016 | Macropinosomes are Key Players in Early Shigella Invasion and Vacuolar Escape in Epithelial Cells |
Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) is a flaviviral disease of public health concern in many parts of Asia . JE often occurs in large epidemics , has a high case-fatality ratio and , among survivors , frequently causes persistent neurological sequelae and mental disabilities . In 1997 , the Vietnamese government initiated imm... | Japanese encephalitis ( JE ) is a disease caused by a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes . Although pigs and wild birds are main reservoirs of the disease , it is occasionally transmitted to humans . The majority of infections in humans are asymptomatic . In persons developing encephalitis , JE has a high case-fatali... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"flavivirus",
"immunology",
"vaccines",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"japanese",
"encephalitis",
"... | 2012 | Effectiveness of the Viet Nam Produced, Mouse Brain-Derived, Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in Northern Viet Nam |
Transcriptome variation plays an important role in affecting the phenotype of an organism . However , an understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating transcriptome variation in segregating populations is still largely unknown . We sought to assess and map variation in transcript abundance in maize shoot apices... | Phenotypes are determined by the expression of genes , the environment , and the interaction of gene expression and the environment . However , a complete understanding of the inheritance of and genome-wide regulation of gene expression is lacking . One approach , called expression quantitative trait locus ( eQTL ) map... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology",
"population",
"genetics",
"crop",
"genetics",
"plant",
"science",
"cereals",
"crops",
"plant",
"genomics",
"population",
"biology",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"maize",
"gene",
"expression",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"agriculture",
"plant",
"b... | 2013 | Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Regulation of Gene Expression in Maize |
The evolution of bacterial pathogenicity , heavily influenced by horizontal gene transfer , provides new virulence factors and regulatory connections that alter bacterial phenotypes . Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 ( SPI-1 and SPI-2 ) are chromosomal regions that were acquired at different evolutionary times ... | Salmonella infect humans and a wide range of mammalian hosts . Successful infection requires the bacteria to sense their surroundings and regulate gene expression in a way that maximizes fitness in that particular environment . The two major lifestyles of Salmonella include extracellular stages and intracellular stages... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"plasmid",
"construction",
"dna",
"transcription",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"regu... | 2017 | The transcriptional regulator SsrB is involved in a molecular switch controlling virulence lifestyles of Salmonella |
Autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy ( ADNIV ) is an autoimmune condition of the eye that sequentially mimics uveitis , retinitis pigmentosa , and proliferative diabetic retinopathy as it progresses to complete blindness . We identified two different missense mutations in the CAPN5 gene in thre... | We care for several families with an inherited form of autoimmune inflammation inside the eye . The patients also develop bleeding , scar tissue , and eventually blindness . Using advanced gene analysis methods , we discovered the cause of this disease is gene mutations in the CAPN5 gene . This gene makes a protein , c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"ophthalmology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"clinical",
"genetics"
] | 2012 | Calpain-5 Mutations Cause Autoimmune Uveitis, Retinal Neovascularization, and Photoreceptor Degeneration |
Dynamic regulation of leukocyte population size and activation state is crucial for an effective immune response . In malaria , Plasmodium parasites elicit robust host expansion of macrophages and monocytes , but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear . Here we show that myeloid expansion during P . chabaudi infectio... | Malaria , caused by Plasmodium parasites , places a huge disease burden on humankind . Efforts to develop an effective vaccine for this pathogen are hampered by a poor understanding of the kinds of immune responses needed for protection . When infected with Plasmodium , humans and other mammalian hosts develop greatly ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"animal",
"models",
"parasitemia",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"model",
"organisms",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"lymphatic",
"system",
"quantitat... | 2016 | Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Derived from CD4+ T Cells Contributes to Control of a Blood-Borne Infection |
Endogenous RNAi ( endoRNAi ) is a conserved mechanism for fine-tuning gene expression . In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , several endoRNAi pathways are required for the successful development of reproductive cells . The CSR-1 endoRNAi pathway promotes germ cell development , primarily by facilitating the express... | During the oocyte-to-embryo transition , the control of development is transferred from the mother to the embryo . A key event during this transition is the transcriptional activation of the embryonic genome , which is tightly controlled . Here , by using the nematode C . elegans , we uncover a role for endogenous RNA ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"rna",
"interference",
"gonads",
"caenorhabditis",
"messenger",
"rna",
"animals",
"dna",
"transcription",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"oocytes",
"cae... | 2018 | The CSR-1 endogenous RNAi pathway ensures accurate transcriptional reprogramming during the oocyte-to-embryo transition in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Translation of hundreds of small ORFs ( smORFs ) of less than 100 amino acids has recently been revealed in vertebrates and Drosophila . Some of these peptides have essential and conserved cellular functions . In Drosophila , we have predicted a particular smORF class encoding ~80 aa hydrophobic peptides , which may fu... | In our genomes there are millions of short open reading frames that could produce small peptides of less than 100 amino-acids if translated . These sequences have been so far disregarded , but increasing evidence supports the notion that a subset of these–termed smORFs–are translated; however the function of most of th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"bacteriology",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"lysosomes",
"immune",
"cells",
"vesicles",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"bacteri... | 2016 | Hemotin, a Regulator of Phagocytosis Encoded by a Small ORF and Conserved across Metazoans |
The human brain has the impressive capacity to adapt how it processes information to high-level goals . While it is known that these cognitive control skills are malleable and can be improved through training , the underlying plasticity mechanisms are not well understood . Here , we develop and evaluate a model of how ... | The human brain has the impressive ability to adapt how it processes information to high level goals . While it is known that these cognitive control skills are malleable and can be improved through training , the underlying plasticity mechanisms are not well understood . Here , we derive a computational model of how p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"learning",
"control",
"theory",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"control",
"engineering",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"cognition",
"vision",
"computer",
"and",
"i... | 2018 | Rational metareasoning and the plasticity of cognitive control |
Electrophysiological studies of the human heart face the fundamental challenge that experimental data can be acquired only from patients with underlying heart disease . Regarding human atria , there exist sizable gaps in the understanding of the functional role of cellular Ca2+ dynamics , which differ crucially from th... | In the human heart , the contraction of atrial and ventricular muscle cells is based largely on common mechanisms . There is , however , a fundamental difference in the cellular calcium dynamics that underlie the contractile function . Here , we have developed a computational model of the human atrial cell that convinc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/arrhythmias,",
"electrophysiology,",
"and",
"pacing",
"physiology/cardiovascular",
"physiology",
"and",
"circulation",
"physiology/muscle",
"and",
"connective",
"tissue",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"netw... | 2011 | Impact of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Release on Calcium Dynamics and Action Potential Morphology in Human Atrial Myocytes: A Computational Study |
According to World Health Organization ( WHO ) prevalence estimates , 1 . 1 million people in Mexico are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi , the etiologic agent of Chagas disease ( CD ) . However , limited information is available about access to antitrypanosomal treatment . This study assesses the extent of access in Me... | Chagas disease is a vector-borne disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . The disease is most frequently transmitted by triatomine insects but can also be passed through blood donation or from mother to child at birth . Experts estimate that 8 million people are infected with Chagas disease globally and that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Barriers to Treatment Access for Chagas Disease in Mexico |
Endothelial cells ( EC ) are the main target for Orientia tsutsugamushi infection and EC dysfunction is a hallmark of severe scrub typhus in patients . However , the molecular basis of EC dysfunction and its impact on infection outcome are poorly understood . We found that C57BL/6 mice that received a lethal dose of O ... | Scrub typhus is a life-threatening disease , caused by infection with O . tsutsugamushi , a Gram-negative bacterium that preferentially infects and replicates in the endothelium . Every year , approximately one million people are infected globally , especially in the Asia-Pacific region . However , the molecular mechan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"typhus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"immunology",
"a... | 2016 | IL-33-Dependent Endothelial Activation Contributes to Apoptosis and Renal Injury in Orientia tsutsugamushi-Infected Mice |
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protist parasite that causes Chagas disease . Several proteins that are essential for parasite virulence and involved in host immune responses are anchored to the membrane through glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) molecules . In addition , T . cruzi GPI anchors have immunostimulatory activitie... | Chagas disease , considered one of the most neglected tropical diseases , is caused by the blood-borne parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and currently affects about 8 million people in Latin America . T . cruzi can be transmitted by insect vectors , blood transfusion , organ transplantation and mother-to-baby as well as throu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"genomics"
] | 2013 | Identification and Functional Analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi Genes That Encode Proteins of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthetic Pathway |
Amebiasis , a global intestinal parasitic disease , is due to Entamoeba histolytica . This parasite , which feeds on bacteria in the large intestine of its human host , can trigger a strong inflammatory response upon invasion of the colonic mucosa . Whereas information about the mechanisms which are used by the parasit... | Entamoeba histolytica is a unicellular parasite which infects millions of humans worldwide via contaminated food and water . It resides in the colon and most infected individuals are asymptomatic . In some people , the parasite can spread into both intestinal and extraintestinal tissues , and results in amebiasis . E .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"trophozoites",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"oxidative",
"stress",
"caenorhabditis",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"animal",
"models",
"apicomplexa",... | 2018 | Escherichia coli mediated resistance of Entamoeba histolytica to oxidative stress is triggered by oxaloacetate |
Perception is fundamentally underconstrained because different combinations of object properties can generate the same sensory information . To disambiguate sensory information into estimates of scene properties , our brains incorporate prior knowledge and additional “auxiliary” ( i . e . , not directly relevant to des... | To perceive your surroundings your brain must distinguish between different possible scenes , each of which is more or less likely . In order to disambiguate interpretations that are equally likely given sensory input , the brain aggregates multiple sensations to form an interpretation of the world consistent with each... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/psychology",
"neuroscience/experimental",
"psychology",
"neuroscience/natural",
"and",
"synthetic",
"vision"
] | 2010 | Within- and Cross-Modal Distance Information Disambiguate Visual Size-Change Perception |
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) has worldwide distribution and is considered endemic in many world regions , including southwestern Japan and Brazil . Japanese immigrants and their descendants have a high risk of acquiring this infection due to intense population exchange between Brazil and Japan . This cr... | The population of Okinawan immigrants is considered vulnerable to human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) infection because the Okinawa region in Japan is an endemic area . The second Brazilian largest Okinawan community is set in Campo Grande , Middle-West Brazil . This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [] | 2015 | High Prevalence of HTLV-1 Infection among Japanese Immigrants in Non-endemic Area of Brazil |
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