Blinorot/arc_easy_formatted · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 18 758	choices listlengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 4 values	id stringlengths 8 22
Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately	[ "1 day", "28 days", "180 days", "365 days" ]	D	MSA_2015_5_37
Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?	[ "fish births increase", "fish populations decrease", "sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases", "the rate of water runoff into the bay increases" ]	B	MDSA_2010_8_22
Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?	[ "The heat comes from the Sun.", "The heat comes from pools of underground water.", "The heat comes from deep within Earth.", "The heat comes from decaying plants and animals." ]	C	MCAS_1999_4_4
Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?	[ "It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.", "It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.", "It provides a navel when the baby is born.", "It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus." ]	D	Mercury_7247923
Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?	[ "digestive and skeletal", "skeletal and circulatory", "circulatory and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive" ]	C	Mercury_SC_416124
In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?	[ "1 tall plant to 3 short plants", "2 tall plants to 2 short plants", "3 tall plants to 1 short plant", "4 tall plants to 0 short plants" ]	B	Mercury_407530
When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become	[ "warmer.", "cooler.", "more acidic.", "more alkaline." ]	C	Mercury_7271740
Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?	[ "magma", "igneous", "sedimentary", "metamorphic" ]	C	Mercury_7026495
When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?	[ "an element", "a mixture", "a compound", "a new form of matter" ]	C	Mercury_7084315
How often does Earth rotate on its axis?	[ "once every 12 hours", "once every 24 hours", "once every month", "once every year" ]	B	TIMSS_2011_4_pg51
The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?	[ "a bar graph", "a pie chart", "a line graph", "a scatterplot" ]	B	Mercury_7081148
Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?	[ "heat", "oxygen", "protein", "water" ]	B	Mercury_SC_400040
Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?	[ "Argon, Ar", "Oxygen, O2", "Water, H2O", "Nitrogen, N2" ]	C	ACTAAP_2010_7_10
Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?	[ "global warming", "asteroid impacts", "tilt of the Earth's axis", "the solar activity cycle" ]	C	ACTAAP_2013_7_4
The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because	[ "it makes food easier to find.", "predators avoid the moth.", "it aids in attracting a mate.", "the moth blends in with its surroundings." ]	B	Mercury_SC_405444
Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?	[ "circulatory system", "nervous system", "respiratory system", "excretory system" ]	B	Mercury_7213675
Which device produces mechanical energy?	[ "a battery", "an electric motor", "a light bulb", "a solar cooker" ]	B	MEA_2010_8_15-v1
A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?	[ "Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.", "Beaches would form from different materials.", "Sand dunes would become smaller.", "Deltas would become larger." ]	A	Mercury_7094675
Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is	[ "solid.", "liquid.", "gas.", "plasma." ]	A	Mercury_403912
The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by	[ "measuring its red shift.", "the gravity it exerts.", "contrasting it against nearby stars.", "observing its motion across the sky." ]	A	Mercury_7009853
What are the three common states of matter?	[ "liquid, gas, vapor", "gas, liquid, fluid", "solid, gas, liquid", "solid, vapor, liquid" ]	C	Mercury_SC_LBS10020
What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?	[ "to absorb water into a cell", "to provide energy for a cell", "to remove wastes from a cell", "to store materials in a cell" ]	B	MEA_2013_8_2
Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a	[ "low pH level.", "low sand content.", "high organic matter level.", "high parent rock material level." ]	C	Mercury_7068688
When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?	[ "lead", "arsenic", "mercury", "aluminum" ]	C	Mercury_7271705
An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?	[ "It has twice as many protons as electrons.", "It has twice as many neutrons as protons.", "It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.", "It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons." ]	C	Mercury_402456
Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?	[ "biomass", "coal", "gas", "oil" ]	A	NCEOGA_2013_8_6
The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?	[ "initiation of nuclear fusion", "increase in noble gas destabilization", "increase in thermal energy", "initiation of photosynthesis reactions" ]	C	Mercury_7230178
The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?	[ "an increase in flooding downstream", "an increase in regional humidity", "a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems", "a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation" ]	C	Mercury_7215233
If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?	[ "32°C", "100°C", "200°C", "212°C" ]	B	Mercury_SC_415535
What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?	[ "Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.", "Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.", "Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.", "Carbon exists in radioactive forms." ]	C	CSZ_2008_8_29
Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?	[ "a fossil", "a description", "a photograph", "a cave drawing" ]	A	MSA_2012_5_28
What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?	[ "a nucleus", "a molecule", "an element", "an atom" ]	B	MCAS_2010_8_12008
A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?	[ "height of the plants", "weight of the soil", "amount of water used", "temperature of the room" ]	A	Mercury_SC_406724
An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?	[ "a fish", "a reptile", "a mammal", "an amphibian" ]	B	TIMSS_2007_8_pg33
How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?	[ "They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock." ]	D	Mercury_7004988
When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?	[ "The dominant trait will be visible.", "The recessive trait will be visible.", "Neither trait will be visible.", "It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible." ]	A	Mercury_SC_LBS10946
Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of	[ "predation", "seed distribution", "competition", "seed fossilization" ]	B	TAKS_2009_8_39
Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?	[ "density", "height", "temperature", "volume" ]	D	Mercury_SC_408357
A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to	[ "decrease effort.", "decrease work.", "change direction.", "change resistance." ]	C	Mercury_178710
Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?	[ "atoms", "electrons", "neutrons", "protons" ]	B	Mercury_410598
Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?	[ "grains of sand", "lumps of clay", "layers of gravel", "decaying plants and animals" ]	D	TIMSS_2011_4_pg15
The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and	[ "the initial velocity of the object.", "the forces acting on the object.", "the direction of movement of the object.", "the change in kinetic energy of the object." ]	B	Mercury_7217088
Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?	[ "wave action", "wind erosion", "tensional faulting", "chemical weathering" ]	D	Mercury_7143360
Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?	[ "Rubber is durable.", "Rubber is lightweight.", "Rubber is dark in color.", "Rubber is quickly produced." ]	A	MCAS_2012_8_23645
On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it	[ "has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions." ]	D	LEAP__4_10228
Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it	[ "reduces air pollution", "increases biodiversity", "reduces sound pollution", "increases ozone emissions" ]	A	MSA_2012_8_29
A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes	[ "the whistle material to shake.", "the air inside the whistle to vibrate.", "the air to be absorbed by the whistle.", "the air in the whistle to heat up and expand." ]	B	Mercury_SC_401774
Each year the Earth moves once around	[ "Mars", "the Sun", "the Moon", "all the other planets" ]	B	TIMSS_2003_4_pg14
According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?	[ "inertia", "energy", "friction", "magnetism" ]	A	ACTAAP_2008_7_13
How do plants get water and minerals?	[ "absorbed from the soil though the roots", "absorbed from the soil through the stem", "absorbed from the air through the flowers", "absorbed from the air through the leaves" ]	A	Mercury_SC_416096
A cell's chromosomes contain	[ "genes", "chlorophyll", "sperm", "eggs" ]	A	NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_12
Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?	[ "Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.", "A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.", "An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.", "The average amount of annual precipitation decreases." ]	D	Mercury_7222845
Which object works best when reflecting light?	[ "mirror", "camera", "binoculars", "eyeglasses" ]	A	Mercury_SC_401166
A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?	[ "The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.", "The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.", "The toads were frightened and went into the woods.", "The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem." ]	D	LEAP_2005_4_10267
Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?	[ "liquids", "metals", "metals and gases", "nonmetals and gases" ]	D	ACTAAP_2007_7_18
Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?	[ "an organ", "a system", "a tissue", "a cell" ]	D	Mercury_7188370
Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?	[ "Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.", "Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.", "Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.", "Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil." ]	A	MSA_2013_5_5
Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?	[ "a ceramic dish", "a wooden block", "a short steel rod", "a new rubber hose" ]	D	MCAS_2005_5_8
A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?	[ "an increase in heart rate", "an increase in body temperature", "an increase in oxygen demand", "an increase in breathing rate" ]	B	Mercury_184888
What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?	[ "rotation of the moon", "rotation of the Sun", "revolution of the sun in the galaxy", "revolution of the earth about the sun" ]	D	Mercury_7044188
Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?	[ "digestive", "skeletal", "nervous", "excretory" ]	B	Mercury_7056875
Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?	[ "short legs", "dim eyesight", "thick, white fur", "slow movement" ]	C	Mercury_SC_400868
Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?	[ "the depth of the lake", "the color of the water", "the volume of the lake", "the temperature of the water" ]	D	Mercury_SC_409142
Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?	[ "rainfall amounts each week", "tiny organisms in pond water", "the high temperatures each day", "the amount of growth in a plant" ]	C	Mercury_SC_408900
The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?	[ "seed", "spore", "pollen", "immature flower" ]	A	Mercury_SC_401624
Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?	[ "circulatory", "digestive", "endocrine", "nervous" ]	B	Mercury_7188965
Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?	[ "getting a vaccination", "taking antibiotics", "eating fruits and vegetables", "washing hands often" ]	A	NCEOGA_2013_8_32
Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?	[ "Big Bang", "Steady State", "Astronomical", "Catastrophism" ]	A	Mercury_7008208
As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?	[ "normal faults", "mountain ranges", "U-shaped valleys", "shield volcanoes" ]	B	Mercury_7092400
During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?	[ "by looking for seed coats on the seeds", "by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds", "by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds", "by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds" ]	C	Mercury_417462
The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?	[ "nervous", "digestive", "respiratory", "muscular" ]	B	Mercury_SC_401211
Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?	[ "malleable", "white metal", "conductor of heat", "reacts with nitric acid" ]	D	Mercury_178605
If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?	[ "a thicker neck and longer tail", "a larger mouth and stronger jaws", "an increase in fur and fat", "an increase in height and speed" ]	C	Mercury_SC_400364
A broken bone heals through the process of	[ "adaptation", "mutation", "cell division", "chemical digestion" ]	C	NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_15
Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?	[ "a plate sitting on a table", "a bird perching in a tree", "a marble rolling down a ramp", "a dam holding back some water" ]	C	ACTAAP_2015_5_7
Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?	[ "overgrazing", "eutrophication", "invasion by non-native species", "overproduction of greenhouse gases" ]	A	Mercury_7180618
Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?	[ "replacing wood doors with aluminum doors", "using more insulation in the walls of the home", "removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home", "painting the roof of the home white to reflect light" ]	B	Mercury_415262
Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?	[ "The speed of the sound is too fast.", "The amplitude of the sound is too low.", "The frequency of the sound is too high.", "The wavelength of the sound is too long." ]	C	Mercury_7200200
Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?	[ "developing highways", "driving large vehicles", "using renewable power sources", "using electricity from coal burning power plants" ]	C	MDSA_2008_8_24
As members of a food web, humans are considered to be	[ "producers.", "consumers.", "decomposers.", "scavengers." ]	B	Mercury_185238
Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?	[ "Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.", "Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.", "Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.", "Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center." ]	B	MCAS_2015_8_6
What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?	[ "rock cycle", "erosion cycle", "magma cycle", "tectonic cycle" ]	A	Mercury_7015663
What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?	[ "weathering", "deposition", "condensation", "decomposing" ]	A	Mercury_SC_LBS10174
In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?	[ "electrical", "energetic", "exothermic", "endothermic" ]	C	Mercury_7024780
Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?	[ "friction", "gravity", "a convection current", "an electrical circuit" ]	D	Mercury_SC_404975
Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?	[ "size of subatomic particles", "composition of living things", "number of the moons of Jupiter", "formation of sedimentary rocks" ]	B	Mercury_7098928
Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?	[ "light energy -> chemical energy", "kinetic energy -> potential energy", "chemical energy -> mechanical energy", "mechanical energy -> electrical energy" ]	C	Mercury_416501
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?	[ "supports body posture", "controls body functions", "supplies the blood with oxygen", "carries blood to and from the heart" ]	B	Mercury_SC_406012
Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?	[ "rainfall levels could decrease", "air temperatures could increase", "water sources could become polluted", "caterpillars could become extinct" ]	C	Mercury_SC_407192
The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?	[ "law of independent assortment", "law of dominance", "law of segregation", "law of recessiveness" ]	A	Mercury_7239890
Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?	[ "It is a behavioral influence.", "It is a genetic influence.", "It is an environmental influence.", "It is a dietary influence." ]	C	Mercury_7282135
What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?	[ "chemical composition", "distance from Earth", "size", "speed" ]	A	Mercury_184328
Which is the function of the gallbladder?	[ "store bile", "produce bile", "store digestive enzymes", "produce digestive enzymes" ]	A	ACTAAP_2007_7_22
When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?	[ "Oxygen levels will increase.", "Carbon dioxide levels will increase.", "The temperature of Earth will decrease.", "The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease." ]	B	MDSA_2010_8_43
A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?	[ "size", "mass", "boiling point", "melting point" ]	B	Mercury_7044520
A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?	[ "The rock was once buried under a swamp.", "Water from a river washed across the rock.", "The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.", "Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock." ]	C	Mercury_SC_400518
All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?	[ "Earth has no natural satellites.", "Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.", "Water is found in all three phases on Earth.", "Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface." ]	C	Mercury_7205573
When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?	[ "carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "sulfur dioxide", "water" ]	D	Mercury_7222863
During which process do animals increase in size?	[ "breathing", "growing", "shedding", "repairing" ]	B	NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_19
In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?	[ "radiant", "thermal", "chemical", "mechanical" ]	C	Mercury_7121905

Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately

[ "1 day", "28 days", "180 days", "365 days" ]

D

MSA_2015_5_37

Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?

[ "fish births increase", "fish populations decrease", "sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases", "the rate of water runoff into the bay increases" ]

B

MDSA_2010_8_22

Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?

[ "The heat comes from the Sun.", "The heat comes from pools of underground water.", "The heat comes from deep within Earth.", "The heat comes from decaying plants and animals." ]

C

MCAS_1999_4_4

Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?

[ "It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.", "It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.", "It provides a navel when the baby is born.", "It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus." ]

D

Mercury_7247923

Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?

[ "digestive and skeletal", "skeletal and circulatory", "circulatory and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive" ]

C

Mercury_SC_416124

In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?

[ "1 tall plant to 3 short plants", "2 tall plants to 2 short plants", "3 tall plants to 1 short plant", "4 tall plants to 0 short plants" ]

B

Mercury_407530

When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become

[ "warmer.", "cooler.", "more acidic.", "more alkaline." ]

C

Mercury_7271740

Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?

[ "magma", "igneous", "sedimentary", "metamorphic" ]

C

Mercury_7026495

When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?

[ "an element", "a mixture", "a compound", "a new form of matter" ]

C

Mercury_7084315

How often does Earth rotate on its axis?

[ "once every 12 hours", "once every 24 hours", "once every month", "once every year" ]

B

TIMSS_2011_4_pg51

The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?

[ "a bar graph", "a pie chart", "a line graph", "a scatterplot" ]

B

Mercury_7081148

Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?

[ "heat", "oxygen", "protein", "water" ]

B

Mercury_SC_400040

Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?

[ "Argon, Ar", "Oxygen, O2", "Water, H2O", "Nitrogen, N2" ]

C

ACTAAP_2010_7_10

Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?

[ "global warming", "asteroid impacts", "tilt of the Earth's axis", "the solar activity cycle" ]

C

ACTAAP_2013_7_4

The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because

[ "it makes food easier to find.", "predators avoid the moth.", "it aids in attracting a mate.", "the moth blends in with its surroundings." ]

B

Mercury_SC_405444

Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?

[ "circulatory system", "nervous system", "respiratory system", "excretory system" ]

B

Mercury_7213675

Which device produces mechanical energy?

[ "a battery", "an electric motor", "a light bulb", "a solar cooker" ]

B

MEA_2010_8_15-v1

A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?

[ "Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.", "Beaches would form from different materials.", "Sand dunes would become smaller.", "Deltas would become larger." ]

A

Mercury_7094675

Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is

[ "solid.", "liquid.", "gas.", "plasma." ]

A

Mercury_403912

The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by

[ "measuring its red shift.", "the gravity it exerts.", "contrasting it against nearby stars.", "observing its motion across the sky." ]

A

Mercury_7009853

What are the three common states of matter?

[ "liquid, gas, vapor", "gas, liquid, fluid", "solid, gas, liquid", "solid, vapor, liquid" ]

C

Mercury_SC_LBS10020

What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?

[ "to absorb water into a cell", "to provide energy for a cell", "to remove wastes from a cell", "to store materials in a cell" ]

B

MEA_2013_8_2

Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a

[ "low pH level.", "low sand content.", "high organic matter level.", "high parent rock material level." ]

C

Mercury_7068688

When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?

[ "lead", "arsenic", "mercury", "aluminum" ]

C

Mercury_7271705

An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?

[ "It has twice as many protons as electrons.", "It has twice as many neutrons as protons.", "It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.", "It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons." ]

C

Mercury_402456

Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?

[ "biomass", "coal", "gas", "oil" ]

A

NCEOGA_2013_8_6

The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?

[ "initiation of nuclear fusion", "increase in noble gas destabilization", "increase in thermal energy", "initiation of photosynthesis reactions" ]

C

Mercury_7230178

The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?

[ "an increase in flooding downstream", "an increase in regional humidity", "a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems", "a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation" ]

C

Mercury_7215233

If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?

[ "32°C", "100°C", "200°C", "212°C" ]

B

Mercury_SC_415535

What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?

[ "Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.", "Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.", "Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.", "Carbon exists in radioactive forms." ]

C

CSZ_2008_8_29

Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?

[ "a fossil", "a description", "a photograph", "a cave drawing" ]

A

MSA_2012_5_28

What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?

[ "a nucleus", "a molecule", "an element", "an atom" ]

B

MCAS_2010_8_12008

A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?

[ "height of the plants", "weight of the soil", "amount of water used", "temperature of the room" ]

A

Mercury_SC_406724

An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?

[ "a fish", "a reptile", "a mammal", "an amphibian" ]

B

TIMSS_2007_8_pg33

How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?

[ "They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock." ]

D

Mercury_7004988

When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?

[ "The dominant trait will be visible.", "The recessive trait will be visible.", "Neither trait will be visible.", "It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible." ]

A

Mercury_SC_LBS10946

Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of

[ "predation", "seed distribution", "competition", "seed fossilization" ]

B

TAKS_2009_8_39

Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?

[ "density", "height", "temperature", "volume" ]

D

Mercury_SC_408357

A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to

[ "decrease effort.", "decrease work.", "change direction.", "change resistance." ]

C

Mercury_178710

Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?

[ "atoms", "electrons", "neutrons", "protons" ]

B

Mercury_410598

Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?

[ "grains of sand", "lumps of clay", "layers of gravel", "decaying plants and animals" ]

D

TIMSS_2011_4_pg15

The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and

[ "the initial velocity of the object.", "the forces acting on the object.", "the direction of movement of the object.", "the change in kinetic energy of the object." ]

B

Mercury_7217088

Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?

[ "wave action", "wind erosion", "tensional faulting", "chemical weathering" ]

D

Mercury_7143360

Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?

[ "Rubber is durable.", "Rubber is lightweight.", "Rubber is dark in color.", "Rubber is quickly produced." ]

A

MCAS_2012_8_23645

On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it

[ "has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions." ]

D

LEAP__4_10228

Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it

[ "reduces air pollution", "increases biodiversity", "reduces sound pollution", "increases ozone emissions" ]

A

MSA_2012_8_29

A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes

[ "the whistle material to shake.", "the air inside the whistle to vibrate.", "the air to be absorbed by the whistle.", "the air in the whistle to heat up and expand." ]

B

Mercury_SC_401774

Each year the Earth moves once around

[ "Mars", "the Sun", "the Moon", "all the other planets" ]

B

TIMSS_2003_4_pg14

According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?

[ "inertia", "energy", "friction", "magnetism" ]

A

ACTAAP_2008_7_13

How do plants get water and minerals?

[ "absorbed from the soil though the roots", "absorbed from the soil through the stem", "absorbed from the air through the flowers", "absorbed from the air through the leaves" ]

A

Mercury_SC_416096

A cell's chromosomes contain

[ "genes", "chlorophyll", "sperm", "eggs" ]

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_12

Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?

[ "Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.", "A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.", "An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.", "The average amount of annual precipitation decreases." ]

D

Mercury_7222845

Which object works best when reflecting light?

[ "mirror", "camera", "binoculars", "eyeglasses" ]

A

Mercury_SC_401166

A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?

[ "The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.", "The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.", "The toads were frightened and went into the woods.", "The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem." ]

D

LEAP_2005_4_10267

Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?

[ "liquids", "metals", "metals and gases", "nonmetals and gases" ]

D

ACTAAP_2007_7_18

Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?

[ "an organ", "a system", "a tissue", "a cell" ]

D

Mercury_7188370

Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?

[ "Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.", "Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.", "Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.", "Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil." ]

A

MSA_2013_5_5

Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?

[ "a ceramic dish", "a wooden block", "a short steel rod", "a new rubber hose" ]

D

MCAS_2005_5_8

A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?

[ "an increase in heart rate", "an increase in body temperature", "an increase in oxygen demand", "an increase in breathing rate" ]

B

Mercury_184888

What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?

[ "rotation of the moon", "rotation of the Sun", "revolution of the sun in the galaxy", "revolution of the earth about the sun" ]

D

Mercury_7044188

Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?

[ "digestive", "skeletal", "nervous", "excretory" ]

B

Mercury_7056875

Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?

[ "short legs", "dim eyesight", "thick, white fur", "slow movement" ]

C

Mercury_SC_400868

Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?

[ "the depth of the lake", "the color of the water", "the volume of the lake", "the temperature of the water" ]

D

Mercury_SC_409142

Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?

[ "rainfall amounts each week", "tiny organisms in pond water", "the high temperatures each day", "the amount of growth in a plant" ]

C

Mercury_SC_408900

The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?

[ "seed", "spore", "pollen", "immature flower" ]

A

Mercury_SC_401624

Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?

[ "circulatory", "digestive", "endocrine", "nervous" ]

B

Mercury_7188965

Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?

[ "getting a vaccination", "taking antibiotics", "eating fruits and vegetables", "washing hands often" ]

A

NCEOGA_2013_8_32

Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?

[ "Big Bang", "Steady State", "Astronomical", "Catastrophism" ]

A

Mercury_7008208

As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?

[ "normal faults", "mountain ranges", "U-shaped valleys", "shield volcanoes" ]

B

Mercury_7092400

During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?

[ "by looking for seed coats on the seeds", "by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds", "by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds", "by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds" ]

C

Mercury_417462

The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?

[ "nervous", "digestive", "respiratory", "muscular" ]

B

Mercury_SC_401211

Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?

[ "malleable", "white metal", "conductor of heat", "reacts with nitric acid" ]

D

Mercury_178605

If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?

[ "a thicker neck and longer tail", "a larger mouth and stronger jaws", "an increase in fur and fat", "an increase in height and speed" ]

C

Mercury_SC_400364

A broken bone heals through the process of

[ "adaptation", "mutation", "cell division", "chemical digestion" ]

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_15

Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?

[ "a plate sitting on a table", "a bird perching in a tree", "a marble rolling down a ramp", "a dam holding back some water" ]

C

ACTAAP_2015_5_7

Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?

[ "overgrazing", "eutrophication", "invasion by non-native species", "overproduction of greenhouse gases" ]

A

Mercury_7180618

Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?

[ "replacing wood doors with aluminum doors", "using more insulation in the walls of the home", "removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home", "painting the roof of the home white to reflect light" ]

B

Mercury_415262

Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?

[ "The speed of the sound is too fast.", "The amplitude of the sound is too low.", "The frequency of the sound is too high.", "The wavelength of the sound is too long." ]

C

Mercury_7200200

Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?

[ "developing highways", "driving large vehicles", "using renewable power sources", "using electricity from coal burning power plants" ]

C

MDSA_2008_8_24

As members of a food web, humans are considered to be

[ "producers.", "consumers.", "decomposers.", "scavengers." ]

B

Mercury_185238

Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?

[ "Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.", "Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.", "Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.", "Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center." ]

B

MCAS_2015_8_6

What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?

[ "rock cycle", "erosion cycle", "magma cycle", "tectonic cycle" ]

A

Mercury_7015663

What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?

[ "weathering", "deposition", "condensation", "decomposing" ]

A

Mercury_SC_LBS10174

In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?

[ "electrical", "energetic", "exothermic", "endothermic" ]

C

Mercury_7024780

Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?

[ "friction", "gravity", "a convection current", "an electrical circuit" ]

D

Mercury_SC_404975

Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?

[ "size of subatomic particles", "composition of living things", "number of the moons of Jupiter", "formation of sedimentary rocks" ]

B

Mercury_7098928

Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?

[ "light energy -> chemical energy", "kinetic energy -> potential energy", "chemical energy -> mechanical energy", "mechanical energy -> electrical energy" ]

C

Mercury_416501

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?

[ "supports body posture", "controls body functions", "supplies the blood with oxygen", "carries blood to and from the heart" ]

B

Mercury_SC_406012

Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?

[ "rainfall levels could decrease", "air temperatures could increase", "water sources could become polluted", "caterpillars could become extinct" ]

C

Mercury_SC_407192

The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?

[ "law of independent assortment", "law of dominance", "law of segregation", "law of recessiveness" ]

A

Mercury_7239890

Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?

[ "It is a behavioral influence.", "It is a genetic influence.", "It is an environmental influence.", "It is a dietary influence." ]

C

Mercury_7282135

What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?

[ "chemical composition", "distance from Earth", "size", "speed" ]

A

Mercury_184328

Which is the function of the gallbladder?

[ "store bile", "produce bile", "store digestive enzymes", "produce digestive enzymes" ]

A

ACTAAP_2007_7_22

When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?

[ "Oxygen levels will increase.", "Carbon dioxide levels will increase.", "The temperature of Earth will decrease.", "The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease." ]

B

MDSA_2010_8_43

A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?

[ "size", "mass", "boiling point", "melting point" ]

B

Mercury_7044520

A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?

[ "The rock was once buried under a swamp.", "Water from a river washed across the rock.", "The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.", "Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock." ]

C

Mercury_SC_400518

All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?

[ "Earth has no natural satellites.", "Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.", "Water is found in all three phases on Earth.", "Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface." ]

C

Mercury_7205573

When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?

[ "carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "sulfur dioxide", "water" ]

D

Mercury_7222863

During which process do animals increase in size?

[ "breathing", "growing", "shedding", "repairing" ]

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_19

In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?

[ "radiant", "thermal", "chemical", "mechanical" ]

C

Mercury_7121905