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How lightweighting can make the automotive industry greener
Governments around the world will soon be introducing newer measures toward the automotive industry to mitigate global warming. Measures than go beyond reducing the amount of tailpipe emissions generated in the use-phase of cars. Are you ready?
We will see authorities working to regulate the total amount of embedded emissions through a vehicle's entire life cycle. This would combine use-phase with build-phase emissions.
Today, the European Union requires average carbon dioxide emissions for all new passenger cars to be 130 grams per kilometer driven. This figure is supposed to decrease by about 27 percent by 2021.
The reduction in tailpipe emissions, driven by driving efficiency measures and lightweighting, is therefore going to increase the absolute share of emissions generated in the production of the car and in its end-of-life phases.
Full LCA analyses on all car models
Within the next five years, the EU is likely going to require OEMs to deliver full LCA analyses of all models, to demonstrate their environmental footprint. This will probably include a sustainability cap imposed on the total amount of carbon emitted per unit from cradle to grave.
I also expect an increasingly demanding public to base buying choices on greener life-cycle credentials. This will certainly impact the choice of materials used in manufacturing.
OEMs will have different options as to how to address the issue, but sustainable sourcing for primary weight saving appears to be the most economical way forward, as opposed to costly redesigns.
Saving money with lightweighting and electric vehicle production
Let’s look again at the emissions targets the EU has established, and what they mean to OEMs.
The 2021 target of 95 g CO2/km is ambitious, compared with the current average. If this average remained the same past 2021, with an estimated violation fine of €95 per g, the potential price increase per car would be quite substantial.
Even more alarming for OEMs are the EU’s CO2 reduction targets for 2025 and 2030. Respectively, these targets are 15% and 37.5% lower than the 2021 figure. The targets were finalized in 2019.
However, the regulation includes an incentive mechanism for OEMs to produce zero-emission and low-emission vehicles, involving a relaxation in the specific CO2 emissions of an OEM provided that its share of such vehicles exceeds 15% of total sales by 2025 and 35% of sales by 2030.
As a result, it is safe to say that regulation, at least in Europe, will drive and continue to drive the huge escalation in the production of electric vehicles. And subsequently, that lightweighting will remain a key priority in the future. | <urn:uuid:b775f582-745c-4bf3-9656-515972d3acce> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.shapesbyhydro.com/en/material-properties/how-lightweighting-can-make-greener-the-automotive-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500251.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205094841-20230205124841-00168.warc.gz | en | 0.949761 | 548 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Ayoung man, who did not do any work, lived in the countryside. He used to just amuse the townsfolk and make them laugh. So, he was very popular among the people as a jester.
In those days, the only mode of transport was carriages drawn by horses.
One day, the Jester wanted to play a trick on his simple friends and neighbours. He also wanted to make a little money from the show.
The Jester advertised that, on a certain day, he would show everyone a wheel-carriage. This was a special wheel- carriage which did not need horses. All the country folk could not think beyond their simple imagination. The people were very curious and wanted to find out what this could be.
On the day of the show, all the country folk lined up to take turns to see this marvellous wheel-carriage without a horse.
Alas! They saw that the Jester had a wheelbarrow before him, The people were very embarrassed. They whispered to each other that they had seen a wheelbarrow! They were very annoyed that they had been so easily fooled!
Use your common sense or you will be fooled. | <urn:uuid:813c8d6e-4407-4d9e-a90f-a5590c68f9f6> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://shortstoriesshort.com/story/the-village-jester/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500356.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206145603-20230206175603-00248.warc.gz | en | 0.991242 | 245 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Image link: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/vol122/18_suppl_3/images/large/zhc1431087430001.jpeg (AHA Website)
To increase the chance of successful resuscitation following cardiac arrest, this requires an integrated set of coordinated, sequential actions represented by a chain of links. This is known as the Chain of Survival.
The links include the following:
- Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system (in Malaysia it is 999)
- Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions
- Rapid defibrillation (using Automated External Defibrillator [AED] in the case of cardiac arrest in public places)
- Effective advanced life support
- Integrated post–cardiac arrest care (this is a new addition chain as compared to the four-chain concept in 2005 guidelines; thus recognizing the importance of ICU post-cardiac arrest including therapeutic hypothemia in selected cases)
Note that out of the five chains, three chains can be performed by the public; and in fact, most of the time, would probably be carried out by the public as they are the ones who will most likely witness the cardiac arrest on the spot. The medical professionals cannot be in every place every moment. If the public does not perform the first three chains properly, by the time the victim reaches hospital, even in the setting of best advanced life support care, and even if the emergency team successful resuscitate the victim, the quality of life the victim would probably be affected as he/she might have suffered brain damage due to lack of oxygen.
This goes to show how vital public or community education and participation is to increase the chance of survival of a cardiac arrest. | <urn:uuid:2697eade-8858-4883-ba10-f19b60d4a3b5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://emergencymedic.blogspot.com/2011/02/chain-of-survival-aha-resuscitation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500641.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207201702-20230207231702-00328.warc.gz | en | 0.943768 | 363 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Gun assaults in school rooms throughout the nation have led principals and different college leaders to implement “lively shooter” drills to attempt to improve the protection of their college students and college.
The drills can vary from staging lockdowns and sheltering in place to quasi dramas with mock shooters roaming the halls. Though the targets of those coaching workouts are vital, equally vital are the potential adverse results of drills on college students’ psychological well being, in accordance with docs with experience in pediatrics and psychological well being.
“Dramatic simulation of an lively shooter occasion at college can be anticipated to impress the identical stress response as the actual factor,” mentioned Peter L. Loper Jr., MD, a pediatrician and psychiatrist, in an interview. “Whereas guaranteeing their bodily security is essential, we should be intentional about ensuring that we’re not doing so on the expense of their psychosocial or emotional security.”
“Kids could not be capable to differentiate a dramatic drill from an actual occasion,” emphasised Loper, of the neuropsychiatry and behavioral science departments on the College of South Carolina, Columbia. “The components of the mind liable for our flight-fight-or-freeze response would interpret each simulated and actual occasions identically and produce the identical neurohormonal stress-response.”
Certainly, a study printed within the journal Humanities & Social Sciences Communications prompt youngsters skilled psychological well being issues associated to collaborating in lively shooter drills. Within the giant research, a group of statisticians from the Georgia Institute of Know-how discovered that college students reported a 42% improve in stress and nervousness and a 38.7% improve in depression throughout the 90 days following lively shooter drills, in contrast with the 90 days earlier than the drills.
The authors of this research, together with Mai ElSherief, PhD, drew these conclusions after analyzing 54 million social media posts earlier than and after drills in 114 faculties throughout 33 states. The researchers analyzed the language of the social media posts by lecturers, mother and father, and college students and located elevated use of the phrases hope, love, dwelling, college, youngsters, group, help, and assist after the drills. The researchers thought of posting with these phrases within the aftermath of the drills to be indicative of getting excessive nervousness.
They included examples of how excessive stress, nervousness, and despair manifested in particular posts from mother and father of their report. The next is an instance of a poster expressing excessive nervousness and stress: “are we actually gonna normalize college shooter drills?! holy sh* there must be an actual strategy to keep away from these tragedies. sh*t like this can’t be normalized. lecturers injured after being shot with plastic pellets ‘execution model’ in lively shooter drill.”
The authors additionally shared this submit to serve for example of an individual who appears depressed: “and now we’re revisiting the trauma on our youngsters, forcing them to behave out college drills month-to-month. i do not get why gen x mother and father purchase into this idea wholeheartedly. issues want to vary.”
The printed materials didn’t embrace posts from college students, however the researchers’ evaluation of the content material of posts general confirmed elevated considerations for well being and elevated considerations about loss of life throughout the interval after drills, in contrast with earlier than drills.
The authors additionally carried out focus teams in communities wherein drills occurred, and plenty of lecturers and oldsters reported anecdotal proof of kids who have been nervous lengthy after the drills have been over, with some exhibiting excessive reactions corresponding to panic over a typical hearth alarm at college. Total, the outcomes present that faculty shooter drills can negatively have an effect on college communities over extended intervals of time, they concluded.
In keeping with a statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics, “there’s a should be cautious in regards to the potential psychological dangers and different unintended penalties of immediately involving youngsters in reside workouts and drills.”
“These dangers and penalties are particularly a priority when youngsters are deceived and led to consider there’s an precise assault and never a drill,” wrote David Schonfeld, MD, the lead creator of the assertion on Participation of Kids and Adolescents in Dwell Disaster Drills and Workout routines, and colleagues.
Managing the Fallout
Physicians may help college students experiencing psychological well being issues from these drills, in accordance with docs interviewed for this piece.
It is vital for suppliers to know that stress will present up in another way in youngsters than in adults, mentioned Chelsea Younghans, MD, a psychiatrist and army officer in Bethesda, Md., in an interview.
“They could see youngsters with complications, abdomen aches, or nonspecific complaints. They could additionally see youngsters who haven’t had problem with sleep current with nightmares or mattress wetting,” she added.
For teenagers and preteens, validated instruments such because the Youngster PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS-5) and Youngster and Adolescent Trauma Display (CATS) to evaluate PTSD in youth, could assist function a place to begin for a dialog between suppliers and their older little one inhabitants, she famous.
Kids who exhibit avoidance or withdrawal behaviors together with constant school refusal, a rise in reassurance-seeking behaviors, or somatic signs like imprecise stomach ache or complications that forestall college attendance after collaborating in a drill, might have extra sturdy psychological well being companies, Loper famous.
Schonfeld, who can also be director of the National Center for School Crisis and Bereavement at Kids’s Hospital Los Angeles, known as for well being care suppliers to be accessible to assist youngsters course of traumatic reactions to those workouts.
Agreeing with Schonfeld, Younghans mentioned: “It’s vital to debrief with college students and workers after drills, ensuring that college students have a protected house and ample time to talk with trusted workers. As youngsters will undoubtedly have questions and considerations, creating open strains of communication will assist alleviate any traumatic impact these drills could have.”
Speaking With Numerous Stakeholders
Specialists additionally gave suggestions for the way clinicians talk with leaders of their space’s college districts and different members of their communities about these coaching workouts.
“For main care suppliers, it is very important set up significant relationships inside your group and affected person inhabitants as a lot as doable,” Younghans mentioned. “Having an excellent relationship with the native faculties and being a part of the dialog may help improve college and group consciousness on the impression these drills can have on college students and workers,” she added.
For these pediatricians or different well being care suppliers who function consultants to colleges, Schonfeld suggested they ask about insurance policies associated to workouts and drills, corresponding to what are the boundaries to what youngsters could be uncovered to in a drill, and what necessities there could be on the native and state stage when it comes to frequency and what the drills will and won’t contain.
He additionally famous that clinicians ought to encourage college leaders to contemplate the truth that youngsters could have private histories of trauma which are fully unknown to the college after they design these workouts.
Faculty workers and well being care suppliers ought to clarify the character and causes for drills, invite relations to precise considerations, and make lodging if obligatory for some youngsters to take part in drills in a extra restricted means, famous Schonfeld, who can also be medical professor of pediatrics on the College of Southern California, Los Angeles.
“I believe well being care suppliers ought to work with legislators, in order that in the event that they require a drill, it should be achieved in a means that’s bodily and emotionally protected,” he added.
Executing Higher Drills for College students’ Psychological Well being
Specialists additionally suggested on methods to execute these drills that will probably be least damaging to college students.
The AAP assertion on Participation of Kids and Adolescents in Dwell Disaster Drills and Workout routines, for instance, advocates eliminating high-intensity drills, prohibiting deception in drills, and offering lodging primarily based on youngsters’s vulnerabilities.
Schonfeld additionally emphasised, in an interview, that coaching for an assault needn’t be extraordinarily lifelike to be efficient.
“If you find yourself making ready for a disaster, the drills and workouts are for kids to observe and develop mastery over one thing they do not know the way to do absolutely but,” mentioned Schonfeld.
Citing a suggestion from a 2020 report carried out by Everytown for Gun Security on holding faculties protected from gun violence, Younghans mentioned, “Faculties ought to be in clear communication with communities and households relating to when drills will probably be occurring,” and suggested guaranteeing that the reason of drills is developmentally acceptable to the age of the kids collaborating.
The report additionally recommends conducting drills that don’t simulate an precise incident, combining drills with trauma-informed approaches to handle college students’ well-being throughout and for a sustained interval after the drills, and monitoring knowledge on the efficacy and results of drills.
Loper prompt ways in which clinicians and oldsters may help navigate the tough territory of faculty security drills.
In his view, they shouldn’t be random or sudden, and anticipatory steering ought to be given relating to any visible or auditory stimuli, corresponding to flashing lights or sirens, alarms, or bulletins.
“A preventive strategy ought to be utilized to make sure that any little one who’s experiencing excessive drill-distress be excused from any future catastrophe drills to stop retraumatization,” Loper mentioned.
Physicians interviewed for this piece additionally supplied recommendations on the way to speak about these occasions with youngsters in a means that’s helpful to their psychological well being.
“What we wish to do is [have a] calm dialogue [with kids] about what we’re doing and why we’re doing it” and information them via the actions, Schonfeld mentioned.
When educating youngsters how to reply to an emergency, some components of uncertainty should be mentioned. Kids must anticipate “what you would possibly do if you’re not within the classroom if one thing happens, corresponding to being within the lavatory, or out at recess,” he continued.
Younghans advisable that folks and workers schedule time to arrange youngsters for the drill and observe upfront, and that behavioral well being suppliers, counselors, and/or main care suppliers ought to be concerned within the planning and execution of the drill.
The Georgia Tech research was supported via a grant from Everytown for Gun Security.
The research authors and consultants interviewed for this piece had no monetary conflicts to reveal.
This story initially appeared on MDedge.com, a part of the Medscape Skilled Community. | <urn:uuid:6b210fff-6f33-4c51-9b02-d5f67368da64> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.medihelpers.co/active-shooter-drills-may-be-harming-children-but-doctors-offer-help/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500641.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207201702-20230207231702-00328.warc.gz | en | 0.943435 | 2,282 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In 2016, one in 65 deaths in the United States involved opioids — and among younger adults, that number skyrocketed to one in five, according to a new study.
Data has shown for years that deaths involving both prescribed and illicit opioids are rising sharply. They’ve nearly doubled since 2009, and have infiltrated all genders, demographics and geographic areas, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data. The new study, published Friday in the journal JAMA Network Open, puts some of those numbers into new perspective.
The paper used data from the CDC’s WONDER database, which tracks mortality data and causes of death in the U.S. Researchers first isolated all opioid-related deaths recorded between 2001 and 2016 (335,123 in all), then broke those down by age groups and years.
In 2016, opioids were involved in 28,496 deaths, the study says. More than 8,400 of these occurred among adults between the ages of 25 and 34, a number high enough to mean that 20% of all deaths in this age group in 2016 involved opioids.
Among those between the ages of 15 and 24, the report adds, the nearly 3,000 opioid-related deaths recorded in 2016 accounted for 12.4% of deaths in this demographic.
While opioid-related deaths were common among older age groups as well — there were about 6,700 among adults ages 35 and 44, more than 5,600 among adults 45 to 54, more than 3,800 among adults 55 to 64 and around 800 among adults older than 65 — they accounted for a smaller proportion of deaths in these populations.
Among the eldest two age groups, however, the percentage of deaths attributable to opioids remained relatively low, but jumped by 745% and 635%, respectively.
Still, the study says opioids were involved in 1.5% of all deaths in 2016, regardless of age group. That means, the researchers write, that the drugs were responsible for more life years lost than high blood pressure, HIV/AIDs and pneumonia, and a tenth of those lost to cancer.
“Premature death from opioid-related causes imposes an enormous and growing public health burden across the United States,†the researchers write. “These trends highlight a need for tailored programs and policies. | <urn:uuid:7224cbc0-8967-424e-aad9-230812c18810> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.seminolepreventioncoalition.org/opioids-are-now-responsible-for-20-of-young-adult-deaths/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500641.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207201702-20230207231702-00328.warc.gz | en | 0.967454 | 497 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Educational Technology and Mobile Learning: 8 Excellent Augmented Reality Apps for iPad In this post Educational Technology and Mobile Learning is providing you with a list of some awesome augmented reality apps for your iPad but before that let us first see what the concept of augmented reality is all about . Augmented reality is a relatively new digital phenomenon that is brought about by the recent development in the field of technology and particularly mobile technology. In augmented reality the line between the virtual world and the real one is blurred. Engineers use some sophisticated technologies to pull out graphics from television screen and computer display and integrate them into real world environments. Though it is still relatively early to talk about the impact of augmented reality on education and learning in particular, some educators have already started foreseeing its integration into the classroom, and according to Paul Hamilton there are several reasons for this : Augmented Reality links knowledge/content with relevant visual imagery.
3 Steps to Creating an Awesome Virtual Museum in Class You're spending an afternoon browsing the exhibits at an art museum. If you're anything like me, you'd probably appreciate the art a lot more if you could bring someone along that could explain the history and nuances of the pieces on display. Now imagine pointing a device at the painting and seeing it morph into a dynamic video giving you all the information you wanted about the art. Welcome to augmented reality. Virtual reality replaces the real world with an artificial, digital environment. The Virtual Museum I've worked with teachers at several schools to created virtual museums - student created exhibits that use augmented reality to display student videos when a device is pointed at an exhibit. We used a popular augmented reality app called Aurasma. Visitors were sent an email asking them to download the free Aurasma app and bring their device. We talk about the importance of "depth" in education. I'm sure you'll come up with lots of ideas of your own. A. Media: Create video. B.
Augmented Reality and Applications for Education – Part 2 Guest post by James Roberts. Though many would say that augmented reality is destined to play a role in the future of education, others would point out that it’s already here. Here is a lowdown on what Augmented Reality is and some ways it can be used in the classroom. Augmented Reality (AR) is the combination of reality and virtual reality, and allows you to put 3D content and images into the real world. AR has many applications in various fields from military training to education. Augmented reality provides a richer learning experience for the student, providing a extra element of visual/physical context that makes learning more interactive. Following is a selection of free applications that utilize Augmented Reality that can enhance learning in a number of subject areas: For more insights into developments in instructional uses of Augmented Reality applications, check out last week’s post, “The Evolution of Augmented Reality Applications for Education and Instructional Use”.
7 Ways Augmented Reality Will Improve Your Life You might think augmented reality is the way of the future, but really, it has its roots in the 20th century. Morton Heilig, the "Father of Virtual Reality," patented the Sensorama Stimulator, which he called an "experience theater," on Aug. 28, 1962. Over time, the idea of using technology to create a layer over the real world has been honed and refined and put in our palms, thanks to the proliferation of smartphones. Confused about what augmented reality is? While mainstream examples of AR have been, to date, on the fluffy side (like this and this), the technology has promise as an urban utility. "It's not a futuristic, fringy thing "It's not a futuristic, fringy thing," says Goldrun founder Vivian Rosenthal. Improvements to the technology means more promise for AR — and 2.5 billion AR apps are expected to be downloaded by 2017. 1. In a new neighborhood or exploring another city? Lord explained another fun use of AR beyond helping you get around. 2. Visiting a museum? 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Mission Oceans 20 Ways to Use Augmented Reality in Education Second Life proved an incredibly valuable tool for educators hoping to reach a broad audience — or offering even more ways to learn for their own bands of students. Augmented Reality Development Lab: Affiliated with Google, Microsoft, and Logitech, the Augmented Reality Development Lab run by Digital Tech Frontier seeks to draw up projects that entertain as well as educate. The very core goal of the ARDL involves creating interactive, three-dimensional objects for studying purposes. Reliving the Revolution: Karen Schrier harnessed GPS and Pocket PCs to bring the Battle of Lexington to her students through the Reliving the Revolution game, an AR experiment exploring some of the mysteries still shrouding the event — like who shot first! Players assume different historical roles and walk through everything on a real-life map of the Massachusetts city. FETCH! Driver’s ed: Toyota teamed up with Saatchi & Saatchi to deliver the world’s cleanest and safest test-drive via augmented reality.
Build-A-Body Overview Learn about the body's systems with this drag and drop game. Choose organs from the organ tray, and place them in their correct position within the body to create organ systems. Build-A-Body is a drag and drop game where players are tasked with assembling an organ system from a set of organs. How to play Build-a-Body Choose organs from the organ tray, drag and drop them in their correct position within the body to build each system. Teaching with Build-a-Body Build-a-body is an awesome tool to introduce and teach concepts of human anatomy and human physiology. Early Childhood Education with Build-a-Body Where does my food go?
Teachers' Guide to Augmented reality Augmented Reality is a concept that has been around for sometime now but with the latest innovations in the digital world, augmented reality has been foregrounded posing serious questions as to its relevancy in education and learning. What is Augmented Reality ? Augmented Reality is exactly what the name implies: an augmented version of realty created by mixing technology with the known world. It might be a distorted, augmented, or less augmented version of the actual world but in its basic form, augmented reality is a simulation or rather a way of superimposing digital contents into the real context. Augmented reality has its origins as early as the 1950s and has progressed with virtual reality since then, but its most significant advance have been since the mid 1990s when researcher Tom Caudell coined the term "augmented reality," What is the difference between virtual reality and augmented reality? Augmented Learning ? How does augmented reality works ?
The Guide to Digital Games and Learning | MindShift | KQED News | KQED Public Media for Northern CA MindShift Guide to Digital Games and Learning How can games unlock a rich world of learning? This is the big question at the heart of the growing games and learning movement that’s gaining momentum in education. The MindShift Guide to Digital Games and Learning [PDF] explains key ideas in game-based learning, pedagogy, implementation, and assessment. This guide makes sense of the available research and provides suggestions for practical use. The MindShift Guide to Digital Games and Learning started as a series of blog posts written by Jordan Shapiro with support from the Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop and the Games and Learning Publishing Council. Here's a preview of the table of contents: Introduction: Getting in the Game (Page 4) An overview of games in the classroom from Katie Salen Tekinbaş, executive director of the Institute of Play. What the Research Says About Gaming and Screen Time (Page 6) Much of the research around digital games and screen time is evolving.
Augmented Reality: The Future of EdTech By: Drew Minock Augmented reality is defined as “a live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics, or GPS data.” (Wikipedia) We have discovered that augmented reality is much more than the definition describes – it is the future of educational technology. It all started on March 21st at the MACUL Conference in Detroit when the great Leslie Fisher showed the $20 bill trick using an app called Aurasma. Augmented reality allows us to put objects in the hands of our students that would have previously been impossible. There are several augmented reality applications available to download onto your mobile device, but few give you power to create your own experience like Aurasma. “She loves the Aurasma application, she loves that she can hear YOUR explanations at any time“– it’s so much better than doing homework with me or her father. character or person.
Kids Games - Educational Computer Games Online | TurtleDiary | <urn:uuid:08005bd5-e614-41eb-ad0c-76661a706241> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.pearltrees.com/u/48996307-augmented-reality-education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501066.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209014102-20230209044102-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.946617 | 1,826 | 3.140625 | 3 |
American supply chains face a dire threat from China’s water shortages
There’s no scarcity of reasons why your holiday shipments may not arrive on time. COVID-19 disruptions, congested ports, semiconductor shortages, stretched trucking capacity — the list goes on and on.
Water — or rather, the lack of it in China — may be the factor that pushes U.S. supply chains over the edge.
Water is an unseen, vital input for all economic activity. Beyond agriculture, water is critical for power generation, mining, industry and the consumer products we rely on every single day. Like the estimated 3000 gallons of water that it takes to make the typical smartphone.
As it turns out, China is drastically short of the water it needs to maintain its economy. China’s per capita water availability is one-quarter of the global average, and nearly 700 million of its citizens live in regions considered highly water-stressed. Meanwhile, groundwater depletion has been so significant in the areas around Beijing that parts of the city are falling into the earth by more than 14 centimeters a year.
China’s water shortages are showing up most acutely in electrical power generation, where the nation’s hydroelectric and coal power producers are struggling with irregular water access. Authorities have responded to the widespread power outages by clamping down on industrial energy consumption, resulting in major disruptions to China’s manufacturers.
And that’s where America’s supply chain comes in. The U.S. imports massive quantities of manufactured goods from China, including 70 percent of Walmart’s store merchandise, and 40 percent of the clothing sold domestically. China is also a huge producer of key industrial products that end up on American shores, like steel, aluminum and polysilicon used to make solar panels.
Embedded in the manufacturing of these products is electricity generated through unsustainable water consumption in China. And as water supplies dwindle, the net effect is fewer products coming to the U.S. at significantly higher prices.
The long-term outlook for water availability in China is alarming, and has resulted in drastic measures by its government. These include a massive project to transfer water from South China to North China, shifting manufacturing away from water-stressed regions, and even widescale atmospheric interventions referred to as “cloud seeding” to boost rainfall. Given the scale of the problem, these amount to band-aid solutions to cover a gaping wound.
Desalination from the ocean is not a viable option, as it is a highly-energy intensive process, and half or more of the water produced from desalination can be lost to power consumption. In addition, given the current strains on China’s power grid, it is unlikely that enough spare capacity can be found to desalinate and transport large quantities of water to China’s dry regions.
None of this comes a surprise to Chinese officials. In 2005, former Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao remarked that water shortages threatened “the very survival of the Chinese nation,” while planning officials in Beijing have tried for decades to cap the city’s population below 10 million due to limited water resources (Beijing’s current population is 21 million). The difficulty is that solving the water supply problem involves painful economic trade-offs between agriculture, industry and households that are politically challenging, even in a nation governed by a single party.
China’s water shortages are also a major issue for energy markets and seriously complicate efforts to decarbonize the global economy. Electricity generated from natural gas consumes half as much water as coal-fired generation, and China’s insatiable demand for imported natural gas is pushing up energy prices in the U.S. and abroad. In addition, numerous Chinese officials have stressed that wind and solar energy is not reliable enough to allow for the wholescale transition away from China’s heavy reliance on coal power. When examined through the lens of its current water and power problems, it’s easy to understand why China’s presence at COP26, the recent UN climate summit, was half-hearted at best.
All of this is to say that the U.S. economy is at significant risk until a long-term solution is found for China’s water problems. Recent discussions regarding the shift of U.S. supply chains away from China have focused on national security and domestic policy considerations. Given the severe challenges posed by China’s lack of water, it may be a question of economic necessity.
Gopal Reddy is the founder of Ready for Climate, an independent, non-partisan research organization focused on the national security and macroeconomic risks stemming from climate change. Previously he was the founder and CIO of a long/short equity hedge fund and served as a portfolio manager at Fidelity Investments. | <urn:uuid:b64a0b3f-ec61-44de-9911-91b8669a207c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/584266-american-supply-chains-face-a-dire-threat-from-chinas-water/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501066.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209014102-20230209044102-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.950326 | 996 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Imidacloprid as a Garden Insecticide
Imidacloprid is an insecticide derived from toxins found in tobacco plants. It is applied to plants as a soil granule, sprayed onto foliage or allowed to be absorbed by plant roots. It is a systemic chemical, meaning its active ingredients are absorbed and flow to all parts of the plant via the vascular system. Thus, plants with saps and tissues full of imidacloprid later develop new leaves, stems or flower tissues and seeds that also contain the chemical.
Imidacloprid (im-ah-dah-CLOE-prid) is rarely sold by its name simple because it is difficult to pronounce and market. Often manufacturers will use this chemical as the active ingredient in a white powder, concentrated liquid or tan crystal granule form and assign it a marketable, easily recognized product or trademark name. Examples include Merit, Marathon, Imicide, Grub-ex, Admire, Condifor, Gaucho, Premier, Premise and Provado, as well as Bayer Advanced. Examining the product label will reveal the active ingredient and show what percentage or dosage is in the product by volume or weight.
- Imidacloprid is an insecticide derived from toxins found in tobacco plants.
- Often manufacturers will use this chemical as the active ingredient in a white powder, concentrated liquid or tan crystal granule form and assign it a marketable, easily recognized product or trademark name.
Effect of Imidacloprid on Insects
Imidacloprid works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in an insect's nervous system. Once a bug ingests, inhales or merely comes in contact with residue of the chemical, it experiences a paralysis of the mouth parts, which leads to starvation.
Implications on Other Garden Wildlife
Since imidacloprid is absorbed by the plant and is distributed to all plant parts, the chemical remains in tissues for several weeks or months, depending on how fast the plant grows. Imidacloprid is highly toxic to all types of bees, which can severely and negatively affect pollination of crops if fruits or seeds are desired. While this chemical is generally not toxic to fish or any other warm-blooded animal, ingestion of plant leaves or stems with the chemical can result in stomach upset. The effect depends on the size of the animal and the concentration of chemical in the amount of plant materials consumed.
Regardless of the physical form in which imidacloprid insecticide is purchased and subsequently applied in the garden, its effects and absorption on plants is widespread. Any foliage or roots exposed to the chemical will absorb it, making targeting application to plants ideal. In the garden, plant roots extend far from the plant's base, and a complex interwoven matrix of roots from flowers, shrubs and distant trees may all be located in the area treated with imidacloprid. Strive to use the chemical on the plant needing the chemical to minimize any effects on other healthy plants. Ideally, you don't want any human-edible plants absorbing imidacloprid. For example, don't use imidacloprid on a flowering plant that is immediately next to your tomatoes, apple tree, lettuce or sweet corn.
- Imidacloprid works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in an insect's nervous system.
- Since imidacloprid is absorbed by the plant and is distributed to all plant parts, the chemical remains in tissues for several weeks or months, depending on how fast the plant grows.
Once applied to a plant, the chemical takes time to be absorbed and then move throughout the tissues of the insect-ridden plant. Thus, no effect on bugs may be seen for days or weeks. Once the chemical reaches flower buds, leaves and new stem tips, numbers of insect pests will markedly decrease and then cease. Depending on the size of a plant, imidacloprid persists for many weeks or months, providing some form of insecticide level in the plant. Read product label for specifics on duration in different soils and plant types, such as woody trees and palms, in comparison to smaller plants like turf grasses or annual flowers and small shrubs.
Jacob J. Wright became a full-time writer in 2008, with articles appearing on various websites. He has worked professionally at gardens in Colorado, Florida, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina and Pennsylvania. Wright holds a graduate diploma in environmental horticulture from the University of Melbourne, Australia, and a Master of Science in public horticulture from the University of Delaware. | <urn:uuid:359a6157-eff0-42b8-a53c-1986f3e23856> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.gardenguides.com/122970-imidacloprid-garden-insecticide.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764495012.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127195946-20230127225946-00608.warc.gz | en | 0.92956 | 955 | 3.296875 | 3 |
As a Muslim, we have to eat halal food. However, it is not easy to identify foods that are considered halal. Yet, every Muslim has to make sure that they only eat halal foods every day, whether it is at home or a restaurant. Therefore, in this article, we will give you a great and useful halal food guide. Every Muslim needs to pay attention to the following guides.
The Standards of Halal Food Guide
Halal food is food that is safe, not prepared harmfully, and does not contain unclean & non-halal ingredients. Besides that, halal food is also prepared by following the dietary laws of Islam. For halal food guides, you have to understand that foods are considered halal if they only contain permissible ingredients according to the Islamic faith. Also, the food or ingredients do not come in contact with any non-halal food.
Here are all that you can consider as halal foods:
- Meat and poultry (Meat can be lamb and beef)
- Fish with scales
- Animal-derived products that are extracted from halal animals
- Eggs and milk from permissible species of animal
- Grains and fruits except those which cause intoxication
- Vegetable ingredients but those which cause intoxication
- Non-alcoholic food
For halal food guidelines, it is also important to know what foods are considered haram. So, you can avoid them. Here are all that you can consider as haram foods:
- Pork & its by-products such as gelatin
- Alcoholic drinks & intoxicants
- Insects & reptiles
- Carnivorous animals except for fish
- Foods that contain the following ingredients: questionable flavours, emulsifiers, enzymes, and gelatine
- Pig and dog
- The by-product of the human body
- Birds with talons or those that feed by tearing and snatching like an eagle
- Amphibian animals such as crocodiles, frog, etc
- Dead animals without slaughtering based on Islamic law
- Repulsive animals like spiders, rats, mice, maggots, lice, etc
- An animal that are not slaughtered according to Islamic law
- Spirits, ethyl alcohol or wine
- Hazardous and intoxicating plants
The Kosher Diet
Still related to halal food guide, you also need to understand about the kosher diet. For your information, foods are considered kosher when they meet dietary requirements that are outlined by Jewish law. Not all kosher foods are haram, but some of them are halal. So, as a Muslim, you have to be able to differentiate which kosher foods are considered halal and which kosher foods.
Some kosher foods are halal. One of the examples is meat such as kosher fish, goose, duck, turkey, chicken, lamb, game, and beef. The next example is dairy food, such as kosher-certified yoghurt, cheese, and milk products. Parve fruits, grains, nuts, cereals, fish, eggs, and vegetables also belong to kosher foods that are halal.
However, you must know that the following kosher foods are haram. Some of the examples are insects, amphibians, reptiles and pork. Any product that is made from non-certified animal also belongs to haram kosher foods.
In this halal diet guide, you have to be careful to differentiate what foods are allowed to eat and what foods are not allowed to eat according to Islamic law. There are halal cereal products such as pasta, rice and any cereal product that does not contain haram ingredients. However, some cereals are haram since they contain haram ingredients like vanilla extract and alcohol animal fats.
Some fruits & vegetables are also halal, but some others are haram. Fruits & vegetables that belong to halal foods include oil, vegetables, butter, boiled, raw, canned, and frozen foods. Besides that, the juice is also halal. However, some fruits & vegetables processed food are haram since they contain haram ingredients such as bacon, gelatin, animal fats and alcohol.
For your halal food guide, you can also find milk & dairy foods that are halal and haram. Halal milk & dairy foods that are halal include milk, cheese, yoghurt, and ice cream made of bacterial culture with no animal rennet. On the other side, haram milk & dairy foods include yoghurt, cheese & ice create made of lipase, pepsin, gelatin, vanilla extract, and animal rennet.
This halal food guidance also tells you what meats & alternatives, which are halal and haram. Meats & options that are halal include legumes, halal deli meats, tofu, peanut butter, eggs, nuts, seafood, and certified meat & poultry. On the other side, meats & alternatives which are haram include pork & port products, non-certified poultry & meat, and any product which is prepared with animal fats or alcohol.
How to Prepare and Avoid Cross-Contamination
If you want to eat foods, make sure that the foods you will eat are prepared, processed, packaged and distributed according to Islamic laws. Besides that, the foods also must be free from najs or unclean materials. So, the same foods can be halal or haram depending on some aspects. It does not only about the elements but also relates to the preparation, processing, packaging, and distribution.
Common Ingredients and Additives of Foods
Food ingredients & additives are made from different sources. Some of them are made from plant or animal sources and produced synthetically. For your information, components that are made of plants and produced synthetically can be considered halal.
On the other side, food ingredients & additives produced from animals that are not slaughtered based on Islamic rite are surely haram. Foods made from pig and dog are also haram. Besides, food products where the ingredients & additives contain alcohol are haram, too. So, every Moslem cannot consume them.
That is all about halal food guide that you have to understand. Now, you have to be more careful before eating foods. Today, you can find many restaurants that serve halal foods, even in countries where Islam becomes a minority of religion. Hopefully, this guide can help you as a useful reference. | <urn:uuid:f195306c-d3a0-4e66-9648-b29c1d0e6158> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://en.muamala.net/halal-food-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499697.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129012420-20230129042420-00688.warc.gz | en | 0.966811 | 1,323 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Linguistic methods uncover sophisticated meanings and monkey dialects
The same species of monkeys located in separate geographic regions use their alarm calls differently to warn of approaching predators, a linguistic analysis by a team of scientists reveals. The study, which appears in the journal Linguistics and Philosophy, reveals that monkey calls have a more sophisticated structure than was commonly thought.
"Our findings show that Campbell's monkeys have a distinction between roots and suffixes, and that their combination allows the monkeys to describe both the nature of a threat and its degree of danger," explains the study's lead author, Philippe Schlenker, a Senior Researcher at Institut Jean-Nicod within France's National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and a Global Distinguished Professor at New York University.
The combined team of linguists and primatologists analyzed alarm calls of Campbell's monkeys on two sites: the Tai forest in Ivory Coast and Tiwai Island in Sierra Leone. Notably, monkey predators on the two sites differ: the primates are threatened by eagles on Tiwai Island and by eagles and leopards in the Tai Forest.
Using transcriptions of these monkey calls gathered in field experiments involving playbacks of predator calls (e.g. eagle shrieks and leopard growls), the researchers found greater complexity in expression than previously understood as well as differences in alarm calls between the two locations.
Confirming with linguistic means some hypotheses initially made by primatologists, their analysis showed that these calls make a distinction between roots (especially "hok" and "krak") and suffixes (-oo), and that their combination allows the monkeys to describe both the nature of a threat and its degree of danger. For instance, "hok" warns of serious aerial threats -- usually eagles -- whereas "hok-oo" can be used for a variety of general aerial disturbances; in effect the suffix -oo serves as a kind of attenuator.
Moreover, their results suggest that the calls are not used in the same way in the Tai Forest and on Tiwai Island. For instance, "krak" usually functions as a leopard alarm call in Tai, but as a general alarm call -- to warn of all sorts of disturbances, including eagles -- on Tiwai. The article seeks to explain why this 'dialectal variation' is found.
The authors' preferred analysis is based on the device of 'implicatures,' borrowed from the pragmatics of human languages. It posits that the meaning of a word can be enriched when it competes with a more informative alternative -- for instance, "possible" competes with "certain," which is more informative, and for this reason "possible" usually comes to mean "possible but not certain" (for instance in: "It's possible that John is the culprit" -- which implies that this is not a certainty). The authors propose that "krak" always has a meaning of general alarm, but that in Tai it comes to be enriched by competition with "hok" (meaning: aerial threat) and "krak-oo" (meaning: weak threat) -- with the result that it is enriched with a 'not "hok" ' component (hence: the threat is a non-aerial threat) and a 'not "krak-oo" ' component (hence: the threat is not weak). This yields a meaning of a 'serious ground-related threat,' closely associated with leopards.
In the long term, Schlenker observes, the research should help initiate the development of a form of "primate linguistics" -- the application of sophisticated methods from contemporary formal linguistics to systems of animal communication.
Note: Material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.
Philippe Schlenker, Emmanuel Chemla, Kate Arnold, Alban Lemasson, Karim Ouattara, Sumir Keenan, Claudia Stephan, Robin Ryder, Klaus Zuberbühler. Monkey semantics: two ‘dialects’ of Campbell’s monkey alarm calls. Linguistics and Philosophy, Published November 28 2014. doi: 10.1007/s10988-014-9155-7 | <urn:uuid:834eb9a9-8ea0-4fef-bfc9-4038375cc48d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/news/linguistic-methods-uncover-sophisticated-meanings-and-monkey-dialects-282804 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499697.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129012420-20230129042420-00688.warc.gz | en | 0.927671 | 879 | 3.703125 | 4 |
School counselors can help prevent suicides
Indiana ranks second in the nation for youth suicides. Lawrence Central, Brebeuf and Cathedral high schools have all lost students to suicide in the past month.
It’s time to do something proactive to prevent these senseless deaths. Let me suggest that school counselors can and should play a central role.
School counselors are trained to help students not only with academics, college and career planning, but also with social and emotional needs. School counselors are members of the school community. They are trained and positioned to be the front line of response in schools. We can help teachers identify and refer the students who are at greatest risk.
These resources are scarce, unfortunately. The average caseload for Indiana school counselors is 620 to 1, nearly three times the recommended caseload. Still, counselors can lead suicide prevention programming and professional development for other staff and faculty. They can be the main person in suicide prevention programming and then, if they’re concerned about a student, they have the means to do an assessment — either formal or informal — get parents involved and make appropriate referrals.
Too often, there is a stigma associated with suicide, so schools are apprehensive about putting any true prevention programs in place. So when counselors do talk to students about suicide, they are usually doing it well in advance rather than reacting to a student suicide. But talking about suicide doesn’t increase numbers, nor does it increase attempts. If kids are thinking about suicide, the thought is already present.
Many of us went to schools that had “guidance counselors.” Guidance counselor is an antiquated term that promotes a rigid and limited view of a counselor. The term “school counselor” is more accurate because it encompasses the expertise and skills today’s counselors have. The school counselor of today is equipped to holistically meet the needs of all students in our schools.
Schools need to take full advantage of the great resources they have in their school counselors, and we need more counselors in Indiana schools.
Assistant Professor of School Counseling, Butler University
President, Indiana School Counselor Association | <urn:uuid:1df048cd-ead4-4d30-9567-46009c18bfb1> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.indystar.com/story/opinion/readers/2014/09/17/school-counselors-can-help-prevent-suicides/15792417/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499804.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130070411-20230130100411-00768.warc.gz | en | 0.96018 | 440 | 2.75 | 3 |
Achieving efficient cable management is the dream of every IT technician, and this is where a patch panel comes in handy. A Cat6 patch panel realizes the connection, scheduling, and allocation of cable links. Through this article, you will get a thorough understanding of the patch panels.
How does the patch panel work?
Patch panels are also dubbed as patch bays and jack fields. A patch panel is a network component that connects incoming and outgoing LAN lines or other electronic, communication, and electrical systems. If you are mulling over setting up a wired network with several wall ports, patch panels can offer you neat, simple, and easy to manage solutions. Based on ports, these are the most frequently used patch panels:
- 12 Port Patch Panel
- 24 Port Patch Panel
- 48 Port Patch Panel
When you deploy a Cat6 patch panel, it bundles multiple ports together and connects outgoing and incoming lines. If you have deployed a patch panel in your networks and want to arrange circuits, all you need to do is to plug or unplug the concerned patch cord.
The Importance of Patch Panel In Your Network
Usually, patch panels are connected to the network racks, either below or above switches. To quickly connect ethernet cables, a Cat6a patch panel comes with ports. They come in multiple configurations and sizes, and you can customize a Cat6a patch panel for different networks.
You can gauge the importance of patch panels from the fact that if something goes wrong with them, the whole network collapses.
As far as the number of ports in the patch panels is concerned, it varies between 12 ports to 96 ports. And when it comes to large networks, you may need hundreds of ports. Besides facilitating smooth networking, these awesome machines also help technicians by offering flexible and convenient routing options.
Copper Patch Panels and Fiber Patch Panels
Patch panels are used in both fiber and copper cabling networks.
First, let’s discuss copper patch panels. 8-pin modular ports are used in the construction on one side, whereas the 110-insulation displacement connector blocks are used on the other side. The wires that are coming into the patch panels are terminated. The 8-pin modular connector is plugged into the ports on the other side to correspond to the terminated wires. It is pertinent here to mention that each pair of wires has an independent port in the copper Cat6a patch panel. On the other hand, fiber patch panels need two ports for each pair.
Shielded vs. Unshielded patch panels
For environments with high EMI interference, you should use a shielded patch panel.
A shielded patch panel comprises a metal panel and snap-in shielded keystone jacks. Shielded patch panels are often used with shielded ethernet cables to ensure better signal transmission performance. Depending on the number of ports, you can categorize the shielded Cat6 patch panel into 12-port, 24-port, and 48-port types.
Those patch panels that come with snap-in unshielded keystone jacks are classified as unshielded patch panels. Just like shielded patch panels, you can classify unshielded patch panels depending on the number of ports, i-e, 12-port unshielded patch panel, 24-port unshielded patch panel, and 48-port unshielded patch panel.
With demand for effective cabling growing at a rapid pace, patch panels are also witnessing more advancements. Here at New York Cables, we make top-quality patch panels that are TIA/EIA verified and RoHS compliant. To ensure optimum performance, we have extensively tested our patch panels in the field and laboratories.
|Cable Jacket||Plenum, Riser & PVC||Plenum, Riser & PVC||Plenum & Riser|
|Wire Gauge||24-AWG||23-AWG||23-AWG Highly Twisted|
|Frequencies||350 MHZ||550 MHZ||750 MHZ|
|Installation Temp||0°C to 60°C||0°C to 60°C||0°C to 60°C|
|Pairs||4 Twisted Pairs||4 Twisted Pairs||4 Twisted Pairs|
|Package||Easy Pull Box||Easy Pull Box||Wood Spool|
|Colors||Black, Blue, White, Red, Green, Yellow||Black, Blue, White, Red, Green, Yellow||Black, Blue, White, Red, Green, Yellow|
|Standard Compliance||ETL, FCC, CE, CSA, ISO/IES, RoHS||FCC, CE, CSA, ISO/IES, RoHS||ETL, FCC, CE, CSA, ISO/IES, RoHS| | <urn:uuid:84e1b847-a437-4cbf-9be2-615ef9ae698f> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.newyorkcables.com/updates/important-things-you-should-know-about-patch-panel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499871.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131122916-20230131152916-00848.warc.gz | en | 0.896995 | 996 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Viking Goose Southern Scandinavia 9-10 Centuries 1/32 Scale Unpainted Tin Figure
Theme: Vikings & Barbarians
Scale : 1/32
Material : Tin
Recommended Age Range: 12 Years & Up
Vikings were the Norse people from southern Scandinavia (in present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) who from the late 8th to late 11th centuries raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of Europe, and explored westwards to Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland. In modern English and other vernaculars, the term also commonly includes the inhabitants of Norse home communities during this period. This period of the Nordic military, mercantile, and demographic expansion had a profound impact on the early medieval history of Scandinavia, the British Isles, France, Estonia, Kievan Rus', and Sicily.
Expert sailors and navigators aboard their characteristic longships, Vikings voyaged as far as the Mediterranean littoral, North Africa, and the Middle East. After decades of exploration around the coasts and rivers of Europe, Vikings established Norse communities and governments scattered across north-western Europe, Belarus, Ukraine, and European Russia, the North Atlantic islands all the way to the north-eastern coast of North America. While spreading Norse culture to foreign lands, they simultaneously brought home strong foreign cultural influences to Scandinavia, profoundly changing the historical development of both. During the Viking Age, the Norse homelands were gradually consolidated into three larger kingdoms, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The Normans, descendants of Vikings who conquered and gave their name to what is now Normandy, also formed the aristocracy of England after the Norman conquest of England.
Norse civilization during the Viking Age was technologically, militarily, and culturally advanced. Yet popular, modern conceptions of the Vikings—a term frequently applied casually to their modern Scandinavian descendants—often strongly differ from the complex, advanced civilization of the Norsemen that emerges from archaeology and historical sources. A romanticized picture of Vikings as noble savages began to emerge in the 18th century; this developed and became widely propagated during the 19th-century Viking revival. Perceived views of the Vikings as alternatively violent, piratical heathens or as intrepid adventurers owe much to conflicting varieties of the modern Viking myth that had taken shape by the early 20th century. Current popular representations of the Vikings are typically based on cultural clichés and stereotypes, complicating modern appreciation of the Viking legacy. These representations are rarely accurate—for example, there is no evidence that they wore horned helmets, a costume element that first appeared in Wagnerian opera. | <urn:uuid:a2d7b657-eeb6-471e-85a2-3d944468f386> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://azebuy.com/products/viking-goose-southern-scandinavia-9-10-centuries-1-32-scale-unpainted-tin-figure | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499953.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201211725-20230202001725-00048.warc.gz | en | 0.956285 | 545 | 4.03125 | 4 |
For Parliaments, the representative function is seminal.
Because of socioeconomic inequalities, some individuals or groups are often denied the opportunity to participate in the conduct of public affairs. They are confronted with a vicious circle: the greater the inequality, the less the participation; the less the participation, the greater the inequality. This perpetuates the privilege of the elite who may be the only ones able to directly influence formal and informal processes.
The right to participate in political and public life is important in empowering individuals and groups, and is crucial in eliminating their marginalization. Parliamentarians who are close to their people understand the importance of taking their needs into account when proposing and adopting new laws. Parliamentarians are not required to be identical to their constituents but it matters that they share common experiences and perspectives.
This is the case for Jamila Debbech Ksiksi, the first black Tunisian MP. She has always felt that she was in Parliament to defend all vulnerable groups in her country: the poor, the religious and ethnic minorities, as well as sub-Saharan African migrants who live in Tunisia.
An estimated 5-10% of the population in Tunisia are black, although official ethnic statistics are unavailable. They have yet to realise the same rights and enjoy the same freedoms as the rest of Tunisian society. Their experiences of racism range from casual racial slurs to little representation in public life.
Further, according to the International Organization on Migration (IOM), some 75,500 sub-Saharan African migrants live in Tunisia. Many have reported having suffered racial discrimination and even attacks. In August 2018, violent altercations between native Tunisians and inhabitants of Najmatar, a popular neighbourhood in the suburbs of Tunis where several African communities coexist, made news headlines.
Ksiksi remembers when Tunisia became the first North African country to adopt an anti-racial discrimination law in October 2018. Some have called that breakthrough as historical as Tunisia’s abolition of slavery in 1846, before the United States and before any other country in the Middle East and North Africa region.
“The moment in plenary when we adopted that law was a historical moment for me. I felt so proud of my country and of my fellow parliamentarians,” she said. “Having a legal text that criminalizes racial discrimination was a crucial moment towards strengthening human rights in Tunisia. As the first black woman we have ever seen in the Tunisian Parliament, I am proud to be part of that minority, always.”
Ksiksi was in Geneva in November to participate in the second edition of the UN Forum on Human Rights, Democracy and Rule of Law. The biennial forum this year looked into how parliamentarians can promote the enjoyment by all of human rights, propose solutions to strengthen democracies and create more resilient rule of law systems.
Non-citizens, including migrants, refugees and stateless persons, seldom have a voice in the public and political affairs of their countries of residence. Therefore, in times of strife, parliaments can play an essential role in promoting values of respect, dialogue and compromise, leaving no space for discriminatory and xenophobic rhetoric that has built up around migration in societies.
In 2015 Ksiksi was amongst the first in parliament to speak up against and to denounce racial discrimination. However, she never loses sight of the part that civil society actors have played, advocating for eight years for the adoption of the anti-racial discrimination law.
Today, she continues to work to integrate a gender and a diversity-based approach in all spheres of power in Tunisian society. Tunisia is one of two countries in the Middle East and North Africa region to adopt parity laws in Parliament. In 2015, women represented more than 30 per cent of the Parliament.
“For the first time, we have a black woman in Parliament. In our Government, we nominated a Jewish Minister; it was a first for Tunisia and a good start. Diversity will foster more participation and the support by all social categories of projects for reforms,” Ksiksi said.
“The political participation of everyone is a human right”, she added. “It is the spontaneous expression of our citizenship. We must encourage people to be involved in politics.”
For Ksiksi, as we reach the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Tunisian Government needs to place greater emphasis on the economic and social rights of its people.
“Many of our social groups have been forgotten and must endure unemployment and lesser wages. We need a strategy to eradicate poverty and to promote development in my country,” she said.
19 December 2018 | <urn:uuid:9913723f-3222-47c6-8346-a5137f369c09> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://previous.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/ParliamentariansPromoteFairerSocieties.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499953.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201211725-20230202001725-00048.warc.gz | en | 0.955438 | 951 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Weight Limit for Horseback Riding
Researchers at Duchy College, in Cornwall, England, studied horse impact from 50 riders executing 45-minute workouts. Afterward, they came up with the weight limit for horseback riding being no more weight than 20% of the horse’s weight.
This was ascertained by monitoring the release of creatine kinase (CK), an enzyme present in the muscle and released into the blood to restore muscle damage. This enzyme is triggered when an increasing heart rate releases plasma lactate to levels the horse’s body cannot metabolize.
This article will cover the importance of proper saddle fitting, the use of saddle pads, and other helpful recommendations. These will ensure your horseback riding experience is both safe and enjoyable for you and your horse.
What Is the Ideal Weight Limit for Horseback Riding?
How much weight can a horse carry? According to The US Cavalry Manual of Horse Management in 1941, a horse should not carry more than 20% of the horse’s body weight. However, these weight limits were routinely exceeded by soldiers and their equipment.
Just like people, a horse that is too tired or is asked to carry more than it can safely carry can temporarily lose its better nature and forget its training.
A horse that is completely docile under normal conditions may become agitated, frustrated, fatigued, irritable, and even unpredictable when over-stressed by excessive weight. This can lead to situations that are dangerous for both horse and rider.
A horse who is asked to carry heavy riders above the average weight they are used to may experience chronic pain, early arthritis, back pain, slower speeds, and lower skill level, which makes sense for horses who are not meant to carry a heavy load.
Saddle Fit While Horseback Riding
Of course, the scientists noted that the impact on the horses varied greatly. Those with wider loins and thicker cannon bones recovered more quickly. Experienced riders know the fit of the saddle is vital.
A properly fitting saddle is an essential part of having a good ride. An ill-fitting saddle may cause a lack of performance or even physical injury to the horse. Fitting the saddle to your horse is an important skill that must be learned.
A properly fitting saddle for a horse may be likened to a comfortable boot for the rider. If the saddle does not fit, especially in the weight-bearing areas, the horse may exhibit displeasure while being ridden, incur muscle soreness, joint problems, or have a performance that is compromised.
Though it depends on the individual horse, most horses will not bend or collect to their fullest potential under uncomfortable or extra weight. In severe cases, actual physical injury may occur with the horse developing saddle sores.
Saddle-Fit Horseback Riding
In order to discuss saddle fit, one must first address proper placement of the saddle. A saddle should ride centered from right to left and positioned so that the bars of the tree are just behind the horse’s scapula. Such placement will prevent interference with the animal’s shoulders.
The saddle should not rock up excessively in the hind end but should pull down evenly on the horse’s back. The angle and the rocker of the saddle trees bars should follow the lines of the horse’s back.
If the saddle does not make contact with the back in the middle of the bars, it is referred to as “bridging.” Such a saddle will cause excessive pressure on the withers and in the loin area.
One must be aware that some horses may carry more muscle or fat on one wither side or the other. Bar contact changes with the addition of the rider’s weight.
Saddle pads offer protection for the horse and the saddle. They should also help the saddle form-fit to the horse, provide shock absorption and help dissipate heat and sweat. In this saddle maker’s opinion, no material accomplishes this as efficiently as wool.
Real wool felt and woven wool develop a memory when used on the same horse with the same saddle. This memory allows the pad to conform to the horse and compress where needed, thereby filling voids and allowing more even pressure distribution.
Wool also is second to none in wicking away moisture from a sweaty horse’s back. Caution should be exercised when using synthetic foam and gel pads as some of these trap heat against a horse.
This is perhaps not a factor for a horse ridden only an hour but may be a problem for the horse in harder work. Additionally, some gel pads actually concentrate pressure rather than spread it.
It should also be stated that more is not always better. Most western horses get along fine with five-eighths-inch to 1-inch total padding. Rope horses and jumping horses may require more for additional shock absorption.
Donkey vs Draft Horse
A draft horse is generally a large, heavy horse suitable for farm labor. While most draft horses are used for driving, they can be ridden as well. And some of the lighter draft horse breeds are capable performers under the saddle.
There is a popular misconception that bigger people should ride bigger horses. The reality is that when it comes to horse breed, smaller horses may be able to carry more weight, as they can carry a higher proportion of their own weight than bigger horses.
In the trench warfare of World War 1, Connemara ponies reportedly carried half their body weight. Mules and donkeys do the same today.
Draft Horse Accommodations
However, as more trail ride operations aim to provide a heavy rider who wants to ride a horse, many have added draft horses to be able to accompany heavier loads. The added weight of the rider and equipment necessary may, however, come with an extra charge.
Other riding operations may have weight limits or weight restrictions set on who can partake in trail rides. Even a well-muscled horse may begin to struggle under a rider’s weight, especially if the riding facilities have a set-in-stone weight limit that their equipment is built to accommodate.
It’s important to find the right horse to carry the extra weight. Many institutions have a set weight limit to ensure their individual horses are paired with the right rider and weight. Whether it be for riding lessons, trail rides, rugged terrain, and more.
Every horse has its strengths and limitations, and as a horse owner, it is your job to consider both. As a result, you can get the maximum benefit out of your horse while ensuring that it stays in the best health. However, 20% of body weight is a safe, research-based estimate.
Horses are strong, spirited animals and are well suited to support an average rider’s weight. But when you add in the weight of horse-riding gear and a huge person, the overall load may exceed the safe weight a horse can carry.
According to research conducted in January 2008, a horse can safely carry 20% of its body weight. So, if your own horse is 1000 lbs. horse, it can easily carry 200 lbs. of weight.
TRAK is a Therapeutic Ranch for Animals and Kids. It is a one-of-a-kind ranch in the city of Tucson, offering children with and without special medical or developmental needs the opportunity to serve their community through the joy of animal interaction.
Each person is given the chance to reach their fullest potential in a loving and accepting environment where Western values and the Cowboy Code of Conduct are alive and well in the 21st century. | <urn:uuid:16aff489-4d38-49a9-9e9f-6340306a29c1> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.traktucson.org/weight-limit-for-horseback-riding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499953.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201211725-20230202001725-00048.warc.gz | en | 0.952487 | 1,571 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Writing essays The essay writing sentence correct online skills you need
An essay is a piece writing that expresses the author’s view. However the precise definition is not clear. It could refer to books, a pamphlet, book, essay or short narrative. Essays have always been subdivided into literary categories into formal and non-formal. Formal essays conform to the rules of literature that are accepted, while non-formal essays deviate from this style. Some writers choose to write in a formal style while others might prefer a more informal style. There is no one style that is perfect; different writers may convey their thoughts in different ways.
Writing an essay requires a lot of skill and the ability to analyse and interpret given circumstances and the skill of using words effectively. The essay must be well researched and combine and analyze different sources and data. All these facilitate clear writing. An essay must have the qualities mentioned above. Additionally, it must be well-organized and formatted. The writing skills acquired over the course of an academic career also affect the quality of the essay.
There are a variety of types of essay writing. Technical writing is among the most popular types of essay writing. Technical writing is suitable for researchers, students in specific fields engineers, computer programmers and other professionals who have to write technical papers on specific subjects. This type of essay writing is ideal for those who have good knowledge about the subject they want to write about. This type of essay is perfect for writers who write technical essays, as it requires very minimal editing.
Personal writing is a different kind of essay writing. The essay free essay checkers writer can make use of personal pronouns (I/you, the person) as well as single words to emphasize one point. Personal writing is ideally suited to students and individuals who require a personal message to present to their instructors or to a small group of friends. Writing personal essays is the most effective method to convey your thoughts.
Argumentative essay writing is the opposite of technical writing. Argumentative essay writing is used to make a particular argument. The argument should be backed up with facts and supporting statements. This type of writing essays might not be popular with the crowd, as it is thought to be difficult to write persuasive essays, but if you are well prepared it could be one of the most enjoyable styles of writing for college.
You should write essays in complete sentences. Except when you are underlining an idea don’t use exclamation marks and italics. Remember to use your best writing voice when writing argumentative essays. You’ll often be asked to write on multiple topics. Instead of copying the work of others, you should develop your own opinions.
It is important to remember that not all of the skills mentioned above are unique. In reality, all writing skills are useful for essay writing, provided that the writer applies them to the various styles of writing mentioned above. It is important to learn how to write various types and styles of essays if you wish to become a successful essay writer.
College essays require careful planning, well-written argument and well-researched research. It is essential to read a wide range of books, read a variety of magazines, and take part in tutorials and courses on essay writing to help you excel in your essay writing. If you are able to work hard and read extensively, you’ll soon find yourself well-informed about the various types of essays. Once you’re proficient in the techniques you’ll be able to write impressive essays almost every day. | <urn:uuid:796d1899-a259-4e3c-913b-adf445a3f90d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://biometresearch.com/2780-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500255.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205130241-20230205160241-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.943028 | 719 | 2.625 | 3 |
The 24V brushless DC motor is a single chip microcomputer control, commutation and commutation: position sensor output signal, through the software, control word control P1; Speed change: PWM control armature current; Current limiting control: voltage comparator.
There are many kinds of asIC chips used for 24V brushless DC motor, most of which are designed for hall type position sensor three-phase brushless DC motor. Most of them have commutation function, PWM speed control function, steering control function, brake control function, motor phase number and working mode selection function, protection function (such as current limit, under voltage, overheating protection, etc.), some also integrated drive circuit.
Suitable for a certain speed but not high speed accuracy requirements of the field, such as fans, pumps, hair dryer and other applications; And most industrial control and automatic control applications, such as mixers, plasma processors; Conventional household applications, such as dryers, compressors, etc.
The 24V brushless DC motor is small in size, quick in action, quick in response, large in overload capacity, wide in speed regulation range, large in low-speed torque, small in fluctuation, stable in operation, low in noise, high in efficiency and without electromagnetic interference. | <urn:uuid:91a178b7-55bc-41c8-ad47-a77ac3bcd259> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.sunrisemotor-cn.com/new_detail/nid/75100.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500255.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205130241-20230205160241-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.892363 | 266 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The first paper of Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance week was a 2017 Canadian/Netherlands review that’s organized as follows:
“First, we address mechanisms of developmental and transgenerational programming of disease and inheritance. Second, we discuss experimental and clinical findings linking early environmental determinants to adverse aging trajectories in association with possible parental contributions and sex-specific effects. Third, we outline the main mechanisms of age-related functional decline and suggest potential interventions to reverse negative effects of transgenerational programming.”
A transgenerational phenotype was defined as an epigenetic modification that was maintained at least either to F2 grandchildren in the paternal lineage, or to F3 great-grandchildren in the maternal lineage.
The reviewers noted that mechanisms of transgenerational programming are complex and multivariate. Severity, timing, and type of exposure; lineage of transmission; germ cell exposure; and gender of an organism were the main factors that may determine consequences. Mechanisms reviewed were:
- Parental exposure to an adverse environment;
- Altered maternal behavior and care of offspring; and
- Experience-dependent modifications of the epigenome.
There was a long list of diseases and impaired functionalities that were consequences of ancestral experiences and exposures. Most studies were of animals, but a few were human, such as those done on effects of extended power outages during a Quebec ice storm of January 1998.
One intervention that was effective in reversing a transgenerational phenotype induced by deficient rodent maternal care was to place pups with a caring foster female soon after birth. It’s probably unacceptable in human societies to preemptively recognize all poor-care human mothers and remove the infant to caring foster mothers. But researchers could probably find enough instances to develop studies of the effectiveness of such placements in reversing a transgenerational phenotype.
The review didn’t have suggestions for reversing human transgenerational phenotypes, just “potential interventions to reverse negative effects of transgenerational programming.” Interventions suggested for humans – exercise, enriched lifestyle, cognitive training, dietary regimens, and expressive art and writing therapies – only reduced impacts of transgenerational epigenetic effects.
Tricky wording of “reverse negative effects of transgenerational programming” showed that research paradigms weren’t aimed at resolving causes. The review was insufficient for the same reasons mentioned in How one person’s paradigms regarding stress and epigenetics impedes relevant research, prompting my same comment:
Aren’t people interested in human treatments of originating causes so that their various symptoms don’t keep bubbling up? Why wouldn’t research paradigms be aligned accordingly?
When reversals of human phenotypes aren’t researched, problems may compound by being transmitted to the next generations.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014976341630714X “Transgenerational effects of early environmental insults on aging and disease incidence” (not freely available) | <urn:uuid:07c13925-3335-4e80-9a6f-44a8ef412fc2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://surfaceyourrealself.com/2017/10/16/transgenerational-effects-of-early-environmental-insults-on-aging-and-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00368.warc.gz | en | 0.934907 | 626 | 2.75 | 3 |
You can’t treat what you don’t see. With that in mind, Saddleback Medical Center has invested in the very best diagnostic technology available to provide critical diagnostic insight.
A comprehensive cancer program requires a full complement of imaging and laboratory services to locate benign or malignant tumors, to biopsy them and then report results quickly to physicians and patients.
Computerized Tomography (CT)
- A computed tomography (CT) scan, also called a CAT scan, is a diagnostic tool used to detect cancer. A CT scan creates a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body with an x-ray machine. A computer then combines these images into a detailed, cross-sectional view that shows any abnormalities or tumors. Saddleback Medical Center’s low-dose CT scanners expose patients to much less radiation than standard CT equipment.
Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT)
- The combination of a PET scan with a CT scan has revolutionized medical diagnosis, especially in cancer. The combination allows clinicians to better evaluate the location and extent of the cancer, as well as monitor response to therapy. In conjunction with highly sophisticated systems, PET/CT images can be “fused” with radiation therapy systems to more accurately prepare treatment plans.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- MRI is the investigation of choice in the preoperative staging of rectal and prostate cancer. It is also used in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of other cancers. We use the latest MRI technology to ensure the best possible imaging results.
- Nuclear medicine scans are unique because the exam evaluate metabolic activity at the cellular level. A nuclear medicine scan is a procedure that uses low-grade radiation tracers 9radionuclides) to take pictures of active cells and organs. The exam allows specially-trained radiologists to check for changes in the cells and organs for the body.
- Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) is a technique that uses ultrasound, along with a bronchoscope, to visualize air passages in the lung. EBUS has become the gold standard for diagnosing cancers identified with CT, and may eliminate the need for open biopsy procedures.
- Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that deals with the analysis of tissue obtained from biopsies or surgical specimens. This analysis assists in the diagnosis and staging of cancers as well as likely response to various treatment options
Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy (ENB)
- In addition to early lung cancer CT scan screenings, we are pleased to introduce the SPiN Thoracic Navigation System – a revolutionary platform that gives you greater control over bronchoscopic yields, so physicians can speed time to diagnosis and get the answers patients need. EMN is similar to the GPS in your car. The technology uses the natural airways of your lungs as roadways. Using the data from your chest CT scans, the computer builds a 3D map of your lungs. Sensored instruments then use that map to navigate to the nodule.
The best equipment, coupled with the expertise of our specialty physicians, ensures accurate and timely reporting to our physicians and in turn better outcomes for our patients. | <urn:uuid:6ae32f4f-6bf5-4a1f-8239-0547d5c72672> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.memorialcare.org/services/cancer-care/cancer-care-diagnostics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00368.warc.gz | en | 0.919546 | 679 | 2.65625 | 3 |
- Clear away brain fog
- Ignite your digestive fire
- Rev up your energy
India pulsates with rituals and sacred ceremonies, many dating back thousands of years into Vedic times. The Vedas themselves are filled with mantras, chants, and rituals for just about any purpose you can imagine.
These sacred rituals are an integral part of Indian life, used before any new undertaking and to:
- Mark rites of passage.
- Change a situation.
- Give thanks.
- Honor the beginning or ending of the day.
Deepak Chopra talks about whenever his parents bought a new car, they would do a ceremony to ask for the blessings of Ganesh (the remover of obstacles) before they would drive the car. (Not a bad idea, if you’ve ever driven in India!)
Modified versions of these Vedic rituals can still be incorporated into your life today.
Throughout India, the essential essence of a deity or saint is considered to be present in its image. These images represent an aspect of Divine Consciousness and are, as such, treated with great respect, whether residing in a temple or a home shrine. Devotees view the temple or shrine as the “home” of the deity. They keep it clean and bring offerings to ensure the comfort of the presiding deity.
Just as you bathe every day, a ceremony called Abisheka is performed to the deity each morning and evening. Literally meaning “ritual bath,” the deity’s clothing (usually a wrap-around cloth) and adornments are removed, and the deity is bathed or anointed with panchamrita—the five nectars, which are honey, milk, yogurt, sugarcane juice, and ghee.
Sometimes fruit, cooked rice or other “favorite” items of the deity are also used. Special mantras are chanted during the process and the image is finally bathed with fresh water. When the bath is complete, the image is dried and dressed for the day or retired for the night.
What you can do: While this is quite complicated, those of us who have statues, pictures, or images of our archetypes or teachers should try to keep them in a clean and respectful setting. Place a fresh flower, candle, or incense in front of them or decorate them however you feel appropriate.
Every morning and evening in India, the ceremony of Aarti (offering light) is performed in temples, shrines, ashrams, and on the banks of sacred rivers. This beautiful ritual involves the devotional waving of lamps (usually containing burning ghee or camphor) before the image of the presiding deity, guru, or a sacred aspect of nature.
The image or guru represents the Immortal Soul, while the lamp represents the individual soul seeking Oneness with the Divine. The ritual is usually accompanied by sacred chanting, singing songs of praise, offering flowers and incense, and the ringing of bells and blowing of conches.
What you can do: If you have a home altar, picture, or statue of a favorite deity or teacher, begin your day by offering a candle or incense. Traditionally, this would be done in a clockwise circular motion as follows: full circle to the right, half circle to the right, half circle to the left, full circle to the right. This can be repeated three or more times, softly chanting the mantra OM, while expressing the feeling of gratitude.
Lasting anywhere from 5 minutes to an hour, Pujas are performed on a variety of occasions and settings. The Puja includes simple offerings such as fruit and flowers and is usually an expression of gratitude or confirming your connection with a higher reality. It can be a simple daily ritual done in the home or workplace or longer temple ceremonies celebrating annual festivals or lifetime events such as a birth, a wedding, or before beginning a new venture. Pujas are also often performed prior to a spiritual instruction such as learning to meditate.
What you can do: While there are specific prayers and chants to accompany a traditional ceremony, a Puja is also something you can create yourself to enliven your archetypal energy. It can be as simple as standing in front of a representation of a deity or great teacher, offering a piece of fruit, some flowers, lighting an incense stick, and bringing our palms together with the blessing “Namaste.”
At a time of transition in your life, take two small candles, such as tea lights. Mark one so you can tell them apart. Hold one candle in your cupped hands and have the intention of releasing everything that no longer serves you into the candle. Now, take the other candle and pour into it all the good things you want create in your life. When you go to bed that evening, light the first candle (place it somewhere safe) so that everything you want to release is burned away during the night. First thing the next morning, light the second candle so all the good things can begin to flow into your life as you move into your day.
Yagyas are the longest and most elaborate ceremonies, lasting anywhere from one or two hours to several days. Because of their complexity, they would normally be performed by one or more Vedic priests, with the aim of changing your own or the circumstances in the world. Although they can be conducted at any time, the most auspicious date to achieve the desired result is usually chosen by a Vedic astrologer.
A Yagna is traditionally a fire ceremony. A special, square fire-pit (kunda) is constructed and participants sit around it, offering a variety of items into the fire. This is accompanied by the chanting of sacred mantras and symbolizes offering to your own internal fire of transformation. Everything has its own special significance, from the types of wood to each item offered and particular chants used.
Cow’s ghee is one of the main ingredients in all Yagyas as it is said to magnify the potency of any other item. As an item burns, it becomes rising smoke, which combines with the vibration of the mantras, spreading their effects and influence throughout the cosmos at a very subtle level.
What you can do: It wouldn’t be easy to create your own traditional Yagna. However, fire is a great purifier. Try journaling or “free-writing” as a means of processing unwanted thoughts and emotions. Then, periodically create a small ceremony to burn these writings and celebrate their release to the Universe.
A Yatra is a pilgrimage to a sacred site, which might be a temple, a shrine, a river, a mountain, or an Enlightened Guru. Most Indians will take part in at least one significant Yatra during their lifetime often accompanied by a group of other Yatris.
A Yatra can be as simple as a procession within one’s hometown or can involve a journey lasting weeks or even months. The journey itself is considered as important as the destination, and any hardships of travel serve as acts of devotion in themselves.
After arriving at the destination, it is auspicious to perform a Parkrama. This entails circling the site in a clockwise direction. Smaller sites, such as temples and shrines, are usually circled three times, although up to 108 times may be observed. Larger or more difficult paths can be limited to one circumambulation.
When a full pilgrimage journey cannot be performed—such as following the length of the River Ganges or reaching a mountain peak—pilgrims will often be seen standing with hands in prayer position, revolving in a clockwise direction as a token pilgrimage.
What you can do: Visiting a sacred place is believed to purify the self and bring one closer to the Divine. Nowadays, we have cars and airplanes to transport us quickly and comfortably. Whether you visit special places in your local area or make longer journeys, try to connect with the energy and devotion of the thousands of pilgrims who have made the same journeys for centuries.
The Vedas place great emphasis on the value of performing rituals and visiting sacred places. Enjoy making them part of your Sadhana—or daily spiritual practice. | <urn:uuid:36bd227f-02aa-44f6-ab2c-fc239f154a60> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://chopra.com/articles/harnessing-the-power-of-vedic-rituals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00448.warc.gz | en | 0.946595 | 1,747 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Just months after Germany’s chancellor was sent packing by Canada’s Prime Minister when he came seeking natural gas, with a jibe about there being no market for the stuff in Europe, the first shipment from North American shores arrived. From the United States. But even there a certain kind of green zealot insists that methane may be better than coal but rather than making a prudent transition we should leap into the freezing dark. Just as so many of them are irrationally hostile to the extremely low GHG, reliable base power available from nuclear energy.
Canary Media, for instance, insists that methane is evil: “The potent greenhouse gas remains in the atmosphere for just over a decade, but cutting methane emissions is a critical step in slowing short- and long-term global warming.” It sounds optimistic, maintaining that:
“we should bend the curve of that trajectory by tackling the causes of short-term warming. High up on that list is methane. Once released, it stays in the atmosphere for only 12 years, but in the 20 years after it reaches the atmosphere, it causes about 84 times more warming than carbon dioxide does.”
On a tonne-by-tonne basis it may be true. We didn’t check the math, or the assumptions behind it. But in any case it is essentially a consequence of methane levels being so much lower in the air than those of carbon dioxide. Since the warming effect is nonlinear, and specifically logarithmic, with every increment upward of methane in the atmosphere, as with CO2, the next tonne does progressively less and less warming. Likewise if we reduced methane levels in the atmosphere the global warming potential of each tonne of the remaining emissions would tilt upwards.
Meanwhile the consequence of finding any old stick to bash natural gas with is that nations will burn coal instead. Or just ignore the zealots and move forward rapidly to produce, export, and import methane. While Canada’s elite stands there slack-jawed going but what about our solar hydrogen?
Among the points worth noting here is that, as the Wall St. Journal headline rightly put it, “German Facility, Built at Breakneck Speed, Accepts Gas Shipment From U.S.” Western societies still have the capacity to achieve miracles of productivity. Perhaps “still” is the wrong word given the improvements in technology and sheer productive capacity over the last half century. If we often seem paralyzed, unable to accomplish basic tasks, it is because of a failure of nerve and guiding ideology not capacity.
Japan is now begging Canada for natural gas as well. (Story behind paywall.) Having foolishly shut down their nuclear industry over wildly overwrought safety fears, that hydrocarbon-poor nation is now so dependent on Russia for energy that it got an exemption on the ataxic G7 move to limit the prices people can pay for Putin’s oil. And while scrambling to reactivate its reactors they’re also watching anxiously whether Canada will manage to built its first LNG export terminal, scheduled to come online in Kitimat, British Columbia in 2025, given our wobbly record on all megaprojects recently and our particularly feeble performance on those involving energy.
It is also important that green zealots insist that we could build their fanciful new economy at the same pace in the same spirit as we could once build familiar stuff, this time involving windmills and “green hydrogen” and all manner of high-tech ecomarvels. Thus for instance new British Prime Minister (for now) Rishi Sunak recently burbled that “major challenges like energy security and net zero will be solved by innovation.”
We say burbled because the context was one of those goofy 1990s “information economy” buzzword bingo claims that:
“The change we need is to put innovation at the heart of everything we do. New jobs are created by innovation, people’s wages increased by innovation, the cost of goods and services reduced by innovation, and major challenges like energy security and net zero will be solved by innovation.”
Yet Sunak fails to see that his ode to innovation is itself the very opposite of innovative: it is a tedious and robotic rehash of every banality the UK state bureaucracy habitually generates. By way of comparison, we asked the computer algorithm at ChatGPT (https://chat.openai.com/chat) to “write a speech by Rishi Sunak promoting innovation.” In less than ten seconds this is what it produced:
“Ladies and gentlemen,
I stand before you today to talk about innovation and its crucial role in driving economic growth and prosperity.
Innovation has always been at the heart of what makes our country great. From the Industrial Revolution to the tech boom of the 21st century, we have always been a nation that embraces new ideas and pushes the boundaries of what is possible.
But in these challenging times, it is more important than ever that we continue to foster a culture of innovation in our country. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on our economy, and it is only through the ingenuity and resourcefulness of our businesses and entrepreneurs that we will be able to bounce back and rebuild.
That is why the government is committed to supporting innovation in all its forms. We have launched a range of initiatives and programmes to help businesses access the funding, expertise and resources they need to turn their ideas into reality.
We are also investing in research and development, both in the private and public sectors, to help drive the development of new technologies and ideas that will shape the future.
But innovation is not just about technology or business. It is also about finding new and better ways of doing things in all walks of life. Whether it is in healthcare, education, or the arts, we must always be looking for ways to improve and move forward.
So let us embrace the spirit of innovation, and together we can create a brighter, more prosperous future for all.
Especially in a nation with Britain’s glorious tradition you’d think someone claiming to be conservative would have something to say about relying on the tried and true, from hard work to honesty to leaving innovation to the private sector driven by customer satisfaction not activist zealotry, and could say it in a way that didn’t end up sounding indistinguishable from a robotic computer program. But you’d be disappointed. So let’s talk instead about the fact that despite all this chatter, the subsidies poured into new forms of energy have produced remarkably disappointing results.
Back when Western nations were dramatically expanding food and energy production, bringing a comfortable life within reach of the middle classes, and winning two world wars, the energy, can-do spirit and innovation were driven by a relentlessly practical orientation. You tried things and if they didn’t work you tried something else. Thus apparently promising early steam cars were ditched for internal combustion… as were the electric kind.
Nowadays a very different approach is de rigueur, in which politicians, bureaucrats and activists who will pay no price for being wrong decide in advance that something will work and the more of other people’s money they pour into it without benefit to citizens, the more determined they become to pour yet more in.
P.S. One typical takedown of Sunak’s fatuity included “So why are we subsidising medieval technologies like windfarms to the tune of ten billion pounds per year?” But back in the Middle Ages, when windmills really were a dramatic breakthrough that replaced backbreaking manual grinding of grain, sawing of wood and pounding of cloth with efficient machine power, they were erected by local entrepreneurs one at a time because they represented a better way. It is modernity, not our dumb old ancestors, who can’t seem to figure out how anything works. | <urn:uuid:e6b60c72-468c-43a9-98f1-7edf272459d2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://climatediscussionnexus.com/2023/01/11/so-theres-a-market-after-all/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00448.warc.gz | en | 0.954019 | 1,647 | 2.765625 | 3 |
A fraction is a number that has a specific value. The percentage value of a fraction is often expressed as a decimal, but you can also express it as a fraction. For example, to express 13.5 out of 15 as a percent, you’d enter a 13.5 out of 15 into a calculator. The calculator will do the rest, including converting the decimal to a percentage.
To find the percentage value of a mark, you’ll need to know its total mark. In order to find this, use basic arithmetic. Divide the mark by the highest possible mark and multiply the answer by 100 to get the percent. Alternatively, you can try using the percentage calculator. It will give you the result instantly and accurately, and is an excellent way to check the accuracy of your calculations.
To convert a decimal number to a percentage, you simply divide the decimal by the maximum possible mark. In the case of a number, you can use the following formulas: 1350pc, x, or %. Then, multiply the result by 100 to get the percent. This method is also useful for finding the exact value of the number. Once you have the answer, you can move onto the next step in interpreting the result.
The first step in finding the percentage of a number is to find the value of the mark. You can do this by using a percentage calculator. You can use it to find the value of a number. Once you have the value, you can write it down in terms of the percent. It’s easy to do this with the calculator. You can use a different method to find the percentage of a number.
Another way to calculate the percentage of a number is to divide the number by its maximum possible value. You can do this by multiplying the sum of the numbers and the mark by their total. Once you have this figure, you’ll be able to write 13.5 as a percent in a variety of ways. You can even make use of a mark percentage calculator to calculate your marks. If you’re unsure of how to write a number, try a calculator.
To find the percentage of a number, you should first know how many decimal places it falls under. You can do this by multiplying the number by the maximum possible mark. Once you’ve determined the maximum, you can also divide it by the total marks. This will give you the percentage of a given number. In addition to finding the actual value of a number, you should look up how many decimal places it takes to make a gram of chocolate.
If you’re trying to calculate a percentage of a number, you can either use a calculator or try to figure out the number in a percent. Once you’ve found the percentage, you can find the decimal place in the sidebar and multiply by the total. This will give you the number in a percent. For example, if you’re looking at a ratio, you’ll see that it’s 1350/15.
You can also find the percentage of a number by using a calculator. For example, you can find the percentage of a given number by dividing the number by the maximum mark. For example, if you need to find a percent of a sum of marks, you can do this with a calculator. Otherwise, you can also find the percent of a sum of marks by calculating the total by hand.
You can find a percentage of a number by using the corresponding decimal. A fraction can be expressed in percent as 1350pc or a proportion of a number. For example, you can calculate the percentage of a sum by dividing the total by the number of marks. If you want to calculate a percentage of a mark, you can multiply the amount by the sum of the marks to get the percent. | <urn:uuid:02aa3075-151d-4f27-a469-715141611d7f> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://royalpitch.com/13-5-out-of-15-as-a-percentage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00448.warc.gz | en | 0.911512 | 781 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Underfunctioning in the workplace may take many forms, and is one way of managing anxiety. People may not meet the requirments of the job, may project helplessness or vulnerability, or may not show up to meetings.
Another method of managing anxiety is to blame others in the workplace. This is different from constructive criticism, as this blaming typically doesn't consider tact or timing, making the intensity of the situation greater.
When anxiety hits, some people can withdraw from a difficult situation or person. Though withdrawal can relieve anxiety and intensity, it can lead to more problems. The more you distance from people in your work group, the more you will become the target of other people's inaccurate perceptions and gossip. This leads to more tension in the long run.
Gossiping is when we talk about someone, rather than directly to them. This is a method of managing anxiety, and the amount of gossiping can reflect the amount of anxiety present. A good rule about gossip is try not to say anything that you wouldn't want to be overheard.
Overfunctioning, or doing too much, can take several forms, and is another method of managing work anxiety. This can be shown by managing several tasks, taking on several projects and becoming overwhelmed.
Picmonic's rapid review multiple-choice quiz allows you to assess your knowledge.
*Average video play time: 2-3 minutes
Unforgettable characters with concise but impactful videos (2-4 min each) | <urn:uuid:30305620-7c85-48e8-8342-3597cfa7b9dc> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/college/courses/standard/humanities-social-studies-8836/sociology-34694/5-styles-of-managing-anxiety-in-the-workplace_1896 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500664.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207233330-20230208023330-00448.warc.gz | en | 0.95921 | 301 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Are you tired of being sick and tired of being sick and tired? Then, get in the driver’s seat on managing your health by adopting a new lifestyle. Join us … adopt a holistic approach to embracing nutrition, exercise and a good state of mind by embracing spirituality.
- Start with gratitude – positive thinking is very essential to being healthy. Clear out your mind, remove all depressing and negative emotions and fill it with positive thoughts. Consider meditation or yoga to get your positive energies going.
- Moderation in caloric intake – portion control is your new watch word. Without counting calories, you can eat a nutritionally balanced diet. A good tip: Enjoy oatmeal for breakfast. At lunch and dinner use your plate as a guide. Divide into two sections, fill half or more with vegetables and /or fruits and the remainder with roughly equal amounts of starch and a high protein food like, chicken or fish.
What to eat: A variety of unprocessed and fresh foods. Add fruits, such as apples, bananas, oranges, pears, and watermelon; legumes, such as beans, lentils, chickpeas, black-eyed peas; vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage, and carrots. Heart-healthy eating includes fat-free or low-fat dairy products, such as, skim milk, fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, trout, about twice a week.
What to avoid eating: Avoid eating a lot of red meat, palm and coconut oils, sugary foods and beverages, saturated fat – found mostly in foods that come from animals; trans fat (trans fatty acids) – found in foods made with hydrogenated oils and fats, such as stick margarine. Also, reduce your salt intake. When cooking and preparing foods, cut back on the amount of salt and high-sodium condiments (e.g. soy and fish sauces). Avoid snacks that are high in salt and sugars; limit intake of sodas and other drinks high in sugars (e.g. fruit juices, flavored drinks, cordials and syrups).
Drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration, promote bowel movement and reverse constipation. Make it a daily habit to drink water first thing in the morning and last thing at night. Tips on the many ways you can increase your water intake:
Green tea: Boil the green tea leaves and let it simmer for a few minutes. Drink two to three times a day to see visible results in days.
Apple cider vinegar & lime juice: Mix one teaspoon of apple cider vinegar and one teaspoon of lemon juice in a cup of lukewarm water. Drink this glass of water on an empty stomach every day for two to three months. You will see visible results as water will keep you hydrated, apple cider vinegar will boost your metabolism and lemon will help in improving the taste of water.
Start your day with honey: Take one teaspoon of honey and mix it in a glass of hot water. Add a teaspoon of lemon juice to this water mixture. Drink this first thing in the morning on an empty stomach. Repeat daily for two to three months to see an effective weight loss.
Drink warm water: Warm water helps eliminate the fat deposits in your body. Drink warm water after every meal and make sure that you leave a gap of half an hour between the food and the water. Never drink water immediately after eating.
Exercise regularly: Fitness is more important than being thin. If you have heart disease or conditions that make you more vulnerable to an unhealthy heart, discuss with your doctor appropriate steps to improve your health.
Get sleep: Rest has been shown to help with managing and coping with stress. Relaxing and ability to cope with problems whether at home or in the workplace, can improve emotional and physical health.
Stop smoking: There is a myth that smoking helps keep you thin. A study recently conducted by David A. Scott from the University of Louisville’s School of Dentistry found that cigarettes lead to infiltration of bacteria in the body.
Know your risk factors: Be aware of your weight, BMI, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Above all, listen to your body, and if something isn’t right, talk to a doctor. | <urn:uuid:d5ce84a7-f0d9-45fa-b479-f6f577146e5f> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://americanobesityfdn.org/stay-healthy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501407.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209045525-20230209075525-00528.warc.gz | en | 0.939959 | 869 | 2.765625 | 3 |
The Snow Leopard is sometimes known as the ‘Ounce’. It is a large cat native to the mountain ranges of Central Asia and well known for its beautiful fur. The snow leopards range in central and south Asia is rugged mountainous regions of approximately 1,230,000 square kilometres, which extends through 12 countries: Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
The total wild population of the snow leopard is estimated at between 4,000 and 7,500 individuals. There are also 600 – 700 snow leopards in zoos around the world.
Although sharing its name with the common leopard, the snow leopard is not believed to be closely related to the Leopard or the other members of the Pantherine group and is classified as the sole member of the genus ‘Uncia uncia’.
Snow Leopard Description
The Snow Leopard has a white fur coat with brownish/yellow tinges that is covered with rings of brown/black rosettes/spots. The markings help camouflage it from prey. Their fur is long and woolly and helps protect the cat from extreme cold. Snow Leopards have heavy fur on their tail and the bottom of their paws are covered with fur for protection against the cold snow.
The snow leopards head, which has small ears and a distinctive heavy brow, is rounded and comparatively small for their body size, which can be up to 1.3 metres in length and weigh up to around 70 kilograms. Their long tail, which can measure as much as 90 centimetres, helps the cats balance as they move over rugged and often snowy terrain. The powerful limbs of the snow leopard are relatively short for their body size and are supported by large, powerful paws.
Due to the under-development of the fibro-elastic tissue that forms part of the vocal apparatus, the snow leopard cannot give a full, deep roar and this along with differences in skull characteristics help to separate them from their fellow ‘big cats’.
Snow Leopard Habitat
During the summer, the snow leopard inhabits mountainous meadows above the tree line in rocky alpine regions at an altitude of 2,700 metres (8,900 feet) to 6,000 metres (20,000 feet). In winter, snow leopards descend to forests at lower altitudes.
The snow leopard is generally associated with generally rocky terrain such as high valley ridges, rocky outcrops and mountain passes. The snow leopard is rarely associated with dense forestation. An individual snow leopard inhabits a well defined home range, however, it does not defend its range aggressively when trespassed by other individuals. A snow leopards home range can vary greatly in size. It can be as small as 5 square miles or as large as 15 square miles.
Snow Leopard Diet
Snow Leopards are opportunists when it comes to feeding. They are strictly carnivores and eat whatever meat they can find. One of the most beautiful of the cats, snow leopards are also exceptional athletes capable of making huge leaps over ravines. They can also bring down prey almost three times their own size including domestic livestock. Their prey includes the ibex, markhor, bharal, deer, boar, marmots, pikas and small rodents.
The snow leopard is an ambush predator and will attack its prey from above when possible. It is an agile animal that can jump as far as 14 metres which helps it catch prey and traverse through the mountains. It is common that the snow leopard will remain close to its kill and return over a period of 3 to 4 days to feed.
Snow Leopard Behaviour
Snow Leopards are crepuscular (active at dawn and dusk) in their hunting activities. Commonly, the cat is a solitary hunter, however, it may share the task with its mate during breeding season.
Snow Leopard Reproduction
The gestation period for the female snow leopard is around 98 days. Due to harsh weather conditions in the alpine regions, cubs are usually born in springtime with mating taking place in late winter. This ensures that a food source is abundant and less effort is needed to secure a kill. Females give birth in rocky dens lined with their fur. The litter size is usually between 1 – 4 cubs. The cubs weigh between 320 – 708 grams at birth and have a daily average weight gain of approximately 48 grams per day. The cubs follow their mother on hunts at 3 months old and remain with her through their first winter.
The life span of a snow leopard is normally 15 – 18 years, however, in captivity it can live up to 20 – 21 years.
Snow Leopard Conservation Status
In 1972, the IUCN placed the snow leopard on its Red List of Threatened Species as ‘Endangered’. Due to the high demand for their coats, snow leopards are illegally hunted for the fur trade. The pelts are a sought-after commodity in places like Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Russia where they are turned into coats and other garments. Snow leopard bones and body parts are also used for traditional Asian medicine.
There are numerous agencies working to conserve the snow leopard and its threatened mountain ecosystems. These include the Snow Leopard Trust, the Snow Leopard Conservancy and the Snow Leopard Network. Their focus on research, community programs in snow leopard regions and education programs are aimed at understanding the cats needs as well as the needs of the villagers and herder communities impacting the snow leopards life and habitat. | <urn:uuid:20692463-fdd7-40bb-8d0c-60d653018953> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://animalcorner.org/animals/snow-leopard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501407.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209045525-20230209075525-00528.warc.gz | en | 0.957609 | 1,171 | 3.734375 | 4 |
It’s been more than 40 years since Morocco claimed sovereignty over Western Sahara, setting off a conflict that seems no closer to resolution.
In 1975 Spain abandoned its colonies in North Africa, with the exception of the territories of Ceuta and Melilla. Morocco stepped in to claim sovereignty over Western Sahara, a territory nearly its size on its southern border. In doing so, it invoked ancestral cultural and political ties.
The Polisario, a politico-military organisation first created to fight off Spain, opposed Morocco’s claim. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) was proclaimed in 1976 by the Polisario to embody its independence project. While the SADR is not an internationally recognised state, it continues to symbolically represent the Sahrawis’ self-determination endeavour.
Years of military affront between Morocco and the Polisario followed, leading to Morocco controlling 80% of the territory until the United Nations (UN) intervened. The conflict pushed most Sahrawis to seek refuge in Algeria, near the town of Tindouf, where they settled in camps organised by the Polisario and partly funded by the UN. 125,000 people still live there to this day. In the parts of the territory controlled by Rabat, Sahrawis face systematic repression by the authorities. Demonstrations supporting Western Sahara’s self-determination are not permitted.
The UN set up the Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) in 1991 to halt the conflict by imposing a ceasefire. It also committed to organise a referendum of self-determination for the Sahrawis. The ceasefire has held, but there still has not been a referendum.
At first glance, it would seem like nothing has changed since 1991. Yet, things have been slowly and discreetly evolving in recent years at Morocco’s behest. Western Sahara is thus not a case of frozen conflict – but rather, of a war of attrition. I have explored elements of Morocco’s push to dominate the narrative about Western Sahara as part of my research.
An indirect war of attrition
While no one has died because of military clashes since 1991, the infighting has continued by other means. As diplomacy scholar R. Joseph Huddleston has written:
The front lines have moved from the arid desert to the realm of media and diplomacy.
Morocco’s tactics have centred on diplomacy. It has worked hard in recent years to gather international support for its Autonomy Plan, submitted to the UN Secretary-General in 2007. This would prevent the creation of an independent Western Sahara by turning it into an autonomous region within the Kingdom of Morocco. The plan received the immediate support of the international community, starting with the UN Security Council.
Morocco is also trying to diminish international support for the Sahrawis. Western Sahara and the Polisario enjoy the backing of numerous human rights groups around the globe. Rabat hopes it can push those who oppose to reconsider their options in favour of Western Sahara becoming an autonomous region, and weakening the possibility of changes being made to its Autonomy Plan.
Gathering regional and international support
One of Morocco’s biggest diplomatic steps was reintegration into the African Union (AU) in 2017. It left the body’s predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity, in 1984 after the SADR was admitted as a member. Since its return, Rabat has managed to garner support from 28 member states to push (unsuccessfully, so far) for the SADR’s expulsion.
This reintegration has happened despite the fact that Morocco’s sovereignty claim over Western Sahara is contrary to the AU’s protocols, which support the principle of territorial integrity. The AU struggles to implement its own directives, and Morocco is taking advantage of this.
Since 2016, King Mohammed VI of Morocco has been personally active in enhancing his country’s economic presence throughout Africa. He’s visited more than a dozen states, mostly located in sub-Saharan African, and secured trade deals and foreign direct investment. Banks, telephone and insurance companies have expanded their services beyond the national borders.
Through this strategy, the kingdom has been gathering continental support, primarily from Francophone African states. Once investment or enhanced trade deals were signed, states withdrew their recognition of the SADR.
This strategy also expands beyond the continent. El Salvador, Barbados and several more countries have withdrawn their support for the SADR in recent years.
At the UN, Morocco has used its institutional involvement, particularly by threatening to withdraw its peacekeepers deployed around the world, to dominate and direct discussions about Western Sahara.
In 2016, following a visit to the Sahrawi refugee camps in Algeria, Ban Ki-Moon declared that Morocco occupied Western Sahara. This sparked one of the most important diplomatic crises involving a UN Secretary-General in the organisation’s history. He was forced to apologise.
An uncertain future
In parallel, the Polisario’s position has been growing uncertain. It has relied on Algerian support for decades and, while it is likely that Algiers will continue to support the Sahrawis’ self-determination case, it is unclear how far it is willing to go. Algeria is, after all, facing its own political crisis.
And impatience is growing within the Polisario, whose confidence in the UN peace process seems to be at its lowest. The future of the movement is unsure. The old guard is likely to soon give way to younger leaders, who might prefer to take up arms for their cause. It is unlikely they would win against the Moroccan army.
All things considered, Morocco’s Autonomy Plan – with some modifications, including of its name – appears to be the most viable solution to the conflict. It has the potential to combine both parties’ demands. Morocco could get sovereignty over the region and the Sahrawis could exert their self-determination.
But it cannot be implemented as presented. The plan does not yet offer sufficient guarantees in terms of political rights and representation to the Polisario for it to agree. As much as the international community hopes for the termination of the conflict, it must refrain from opting for an easy fix.
As the war of attrition seems to be playing to Morocco’s advantage, the window of opportunity for the conflict to be resolved through a negotiated agreement is closing. But an imposed solution would not guarantee lasting stability in the region. | <urn:uuid:9b564041-31d8-49f6-9887-fba01959fe9e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://corepaedianews.com/morocco-and-western-sahara-a-decades-long-war-of-attrition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501407.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209045525-20230209075525-00528.warc.gz | en | 0.960474 | 1,334 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Lectins are substances that bind sugars and carbohydrates together found in regularly consumed foods. There are two subclasses of lectins: Prolamins (like gluten) and agglutinins. Lectins are the toxic part of plants natural defense system against pests, fungal infections, and predators. Nowadays, genetically modified grains i.e. corn contain higher levels of lectins to deter predators from destroying the crop.
- Stay relatively stable at high temperatures and low pH thus cannot be broken down into individual amino acids via cooking or stomach acid.
- They are difficult for humans to digest because of the lack of enzymes that break them down
- They are known destroy the intestinal barrier by kill the cells that line our intestines, or directly cause spaces to open up between our gut cells opening up the barrier lining and activating the immune system.
- Barley, corn, fonio, job’s tears, kamut, millet, oat, rice, rye, sorghum, spelt, teff, triticale, wheat, wild rive
- Pseudo Grains
- Amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa, chia
- Night shade vegetables
- Ashwagandha, bell pepper, bush tomato, cape gooseberry, coconut, eggplant, garden huckleberry, goji berry, wolfberry, hot peppers, kutjera, naranjillas, paprika, pepinos, pimentos, potatoes, tamarillos, tomatillos, tomatoes
- Almonds, macadamia, peanuts, brazil nuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pecans, walnuts, pine nuts, pistachio
- Beans and legumes
- Alfalfa, Carob, Chickpea, Clover, Common bean, Fava Bean, Field Pea, Garden pea, lentil, lima bean, lupin, mesquite, mung bean, peanut, pigeon pea, rooibos, runner bean, soybean
Sources: Why Isn’t My Brain Working? Dr. Datis Kharrazian https://www.thepaleomom.com/worse-than-gluten-the-agglutinin-class-of-lectins/?cn-reloaded=1
Find Your Path to Complete Wellness
Make an appointment today to get started on the ultimate treatment plan for your health. | <urn:uuid:2ca114f0-a780-422e-bce3-17c745553b03> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.innovativehealthdallas.com/lectins/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501407.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209045525-20230209075525-00528.warc.gz | en | 0.808349 | 527 | 3.046875 | 3 |
In 1939, vacuum tubes were state of the art in radio equipment. People had
previously used crystals for radios, but the crystals were so maddeningly
inconsistent and mysterious it was a wonder they worked at all. Vacuum tubes
were simple, and they worked. Most scientists agreed tubes were the future for
radio and telephones everywhere.
Russell Ohl didn’t agree. He kept right on studying crystals, occasionally
having to fight Bell Labs administration to let him do it. Ohl thought silicon
crystals’ erratic behavior was due to impurities in the crystal, not any problem
in the silicon itself. He thought that if he could purify silicon enough, the
crystals just might provide the improved radio broadcasting capabilities for
which everyone was looking.
Much of his research in 1939 was devoted to producing ultra-pure crystals. As he
expected, his purified silicon crystals– now 99.8 percent pure — were much
more consistent. They worked the way a rectifier should, allowing current to
flow in one direction and not the other. At least, most of them worked. On
February 23, Ohl sat down to examine a particularly curious crystal that was as
quirky as the cat’s whisker crystals of old.
The crystal had a crack down the middle. Ohl was examining how much current
flowed through one side of the crack versus the other, when he noticed something
peculiar. The amount of current changed when the crystal was held over a bowl of
water. And a hot soldering iron. And an incandescent lamp on the desk in the
By early afternoon, Ohl realized that it was in fact light shining on the
crystal that caused this small current to begin trickling through it. On March
6, he showed his prize silicon rod to Mervin Kelly. Kelly quickly called Walter
Brattain and Joseph Becker to the scene.
Ohl had his coal-black crystal attached to a voltmeter in front of him. He
turned on a flashlight, aimed it at the silicon, and the voltage instantly
jumped up to half a volt. This was ten times anything Brattain had ever seen
before. He was stunned, but not too stunned to produce an off-the-cuff
explanation. The electrical current must be due to some barrier being formed
right at the crack in the crystal.
With more research, what was going on became clear: the crystal had different
levels of purity on either side of the crack. Due to the subtle traces of extra
elements, one side had an excess of electrons, and the other side a deficit.
Since opposites attract, the electrons from one side had rushed over to the
other — but they went only so far, creating a thin barrier of excess charges
right at the central crack. That barrier created a one way street — electrons
could now only travel in one direction across it.
When Ohl shined light on the rod, energy from the light kicked sluggish
electrons out of their resting places and gave them the boost they needed to
travel around the crystal. But due to the barrier, there was only one way they
could travel. All those electrons moving in a single direction became an
electric current. Ohl’s crystal was the ancestor of modern day solar cells,
which take energy from the sun and convert it into electricity. But for Bell
Labs on that day, it opened up the idea that crystals might be just the thing
needed to replace vacuum tubes. | <urn:uuid:573e09c8-ee08-40d1-aaad-9e19156bd90c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.unexplainable.net/info-theories/the-silicon-p-n-junction.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501407.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209045525-20230209075525-00528.warc.gz | en | 0.973575 | 748 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Given how important financial skills are to navigating life, it’s surprising that our schools don’t do more to teach children about money. As a parent, however, you can teach your child important financial lessons — and you should! Here are some activities you could try with your children.
1. Brainstorm ways to save and collect money.
Your child may be too young for an official “job,” but that doesn’t mean he or she is too young for other entrepreneurial endeavors. Help your child brainstorm different ways to save and collect money, such as raking a neighbor’s leaves, babysitting, or collecting and returning specific recyclable items. There are even side hustles you can do with your kids to make extra money.
2. Create a budgeting challenge with envelopes.
You may be familiar with envelope budgeting for your own money, but this can also be beneficial for children. Here’s how it works: With your child, choose a few categories for saving and budgeting, such as short-term savings, long-term savings, and spending on everyday items. Get an envelope for each category and write the category name on the front. For fun, your child can draw pictures on the envelopes of what he or she wants to buy with the money. For example, the short-term savings container might have a picture of a specific toy, while the long-term container might have a picture of a trip to Disneyland. You may also want to help your child understand that some items will take longer than others to save for.
Decide how much money will go into each account when your child receives money (either through an allowance, gifts, or paid work). Then, have your child put in the budgeted amount of cash, which they are free to then decide how to spend. Once your child runs out of cash in an envelope, they have met their budget for that pay period and are unable to spend any more in that category until the next pay period. Creating a challenge encourages your kids to ask themselves important questions: How much can I save? What will I have to give up? Is it worth it?
3. Open a savings account.
Once the “long-term savings” envelope reaches a certain dollar amount (you can agree upon this amount with your child beforehand), it’s time to open an official saving account and deposit it into the bank. Some banks and credit unions offer kid-friendly features, such as online games, rewards for getting good grades, and other perks.
4. Practice donating.
Have your children practice donating something to a family in need before getting something new. Have them clean out their toys, books, and clothes, and donate used items before they can get new items.
5. Teach your child about compound interest.
This is an important concept to understand, so it’s best to teach our children about this at a young age. Compound interest is when you earn interest on both the money you save and the interest you earn. For instance, say you set aside $100 every year and assume the account earns five percent every year. If you begin saving that $100 a year at age 35, you’d have about $7,000 at age 65. However, if you started saving at age 14, you’d have roughly $23,000 by age 65 — and that’s a huge difference!
This post was written by Tia Ross, a best-selling author and national speaker, and Kris Miller, a legacy wealth strategist. Ross and Miller are activists for women’s financial rights and founders of Legacy Shifters, a company through which they empower women to secure and protect their families’ financial realities.
Speaking of being frugal, check out the video below to see an artist fit a 12-course meal in a tin can. | <urn:uuid:8669593e-fb81-4f84-9084-10cca5ee8a94> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.firstforwomen.com/posts/family/teach-kids-about-money-158338 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499468.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127231443-20230128021443-00728.warc.gz | en | 0.95213 | 806 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Professor Abdurrachman from Medical Faculty of Airlangga University in Indonesia said that the use of herbal medicine to cure Covid-19 is increasing recently as an alternative of curative medicine which hasn’t available now. He pointed out the rise of popularity of virgin coconut oil (VCO), a type of herbal medicine, as anti-viral agent against Covid-19. VCO contains lauric acid (C12), Capric acid (C10) and their monoglycerides (monolaurin and monocaprin) that have antiviral properties. Clinical trial on the function of VCO against Covid-19 is being done in the Philippines. The clinical trials have been previously suggested by Prof. Fabian Dayrit from Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines and Dr. Mary Newport dari Spring Hill Neonatology, Florida.
Citing oriental medical principles, Prof. Abdurrachman said that human organ is made up in pairs. Solid organ pairs up with hollow organ. In this case lungs as solid organ pair up with colon (large intestine) as hollow organ. He added that according to the western medical theory, Covid likes to stay in the lungs because the alveoli, an important part of the respiratory system whose function is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules, has angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which serves as a receptor to Covid. “Covid is found in greater quantity in alveoli compared to other organ,” Prof. Abdurrachman said adding ACE2 is also found in colon.
He explains that according to the oriental medical principle, an attack against lungs is also an attack to colon. During the attack, colon cannot properly discharge toxic materials from the body. As a result toxic substances pile up in the body. To solve this problem, Prof. Abdurrachman recommends the use of VCO to help normalize defecation process which will improve the function of colon. He suggests a Covid patient take 15 ml of VCO after he or she wakes up in the morning, before consuming any food. It is expected that 2-3 hours consuming VCO, he/ she will discharge toxic in his/ her body. Prof. Abdurrachman suggests VCO be distributed at Covid treating hospitals as a simple, cheap and effective alternative medicine to fight against Covid. | <urn:uuid:236078a2-6c89-4cd5-a2a3-31d4ff9d3d25> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://coconutcommunity.org/news-page/scientist-from-airlangga-university-vco-helps-body-discharge-toxin-during-covid-19-infection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499700.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129044527-20230129074527-00808.warc.gz | en | 0.942239 | 500 | 2.703125 | 3 |
A low pass filter is a term that is among the basics of signal processing and is used quite often to filter signals to get more accurate results.
This tutorial will discuss the low-pass filter and how to create and implement it in Python.
A low-pass filter is utilized to pass a signal that has a frequency lower than the cut-off frequency, which holds a certain value specified by the user. All the signals with frequencies more than the cut-off frequency enervated.
Scipy to Create a Low-Pass Butterworth Filter in Python
In Python, we can utilize functions from the
SciPy library to create a low-pass filter.
SciPy, an abbreviation for Scientific Python, is a library that is utilized for supplying functions that carry out signal processing, optimization, and statistics. This library also uses the
NumPy library underneath.
There are a couple of low-pass filters that exist in the real world. However, we will create a Butterworth low-pass filter in Python, as it has a maximally flat frequency, meaning no ripples in the passband. This makes it one of the most popular and used low-pass filters.
To successfully implement this method in Python, we will first need to import
Matplotlib modules to the python code.
The following code uses the
SciPy module to create a low-pass Butterworth filter in Python.
import numpy as np from scipy.signal import butter, lfilter, freqz import matplotlib.pyplot as plt def butter_lowpass(cutoff, fs, order=5): nyq = 0.5 * fs normal_cutoff = cutoff / nyq b, a = butter(order, normal_cutoff, btype='low', analog=False) return b, a def butter_lowpass_filter(data, cutoff, fs, order=5): b, a = butter_lowpass(cutoff, fs, order=order) y = lfilter(b, a, data) return y # Setting standard filter requirements. order = 6 fs = 30.0 cutoff = 3.667 b, a = butter_lowpass(cutoff, fs, order) # Plotting the frequency response. w, h = freqz(b, a, worN=8000) plt.subplot(2, 1, 1) plt.plot(0.5*fs*w/np.pi, np.abs(h), 'b') plt.plot(cutoff, 0.5*np.sqrt(2), 'ko') plt.axvline(cutoff, color='k') plt.xlim(0, 0.5*fs) plt.title("Lowpass Filter Frequency Response") plt.xlabel('Frequency [Hz]') plt.grid() # Creating the data for filteration T = 5.0 # value taken in seconds n = int(T * fs) # indicates total samples t = np.linspace(0, T, n, endpoint=False) data = np.sin(1.2*2*np.pi*t) + 1.5*np.cos(9*2*np.pi*t) + 0.5*np.sin(12.0*2*np.pi*t) # Filtering and plotting y = butter_lowpass_filter(data, cutoff, fs, order) plt.subplot(2, 1, 2) plt.plot(t, data, 'b-', label='data') plt.plot(t, y, 'g-', linewidth=2, label='filtered data') plt.xlabel('Time [sec]') plt.grid() plt.legend() plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.35) plt.show() | <urn:uuid:a5429d24-3092-4b28-bef6-48545d410d24> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.delftstack.com/howto/python/low-pass-filter-python/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499700.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129044527-20230129074527-00808.warc.gz | en | 0.741569 | 844 | 4.1875 | 4 |
Stop the presses! Icy roads don’t cause crashes, shitty drivers do.
My “Boxing Day Special” gift to you is to “call out” the news media for “fake news”.
I cringe every time I see these “fake news” headlines which all news media seem to be guilty of:
- “Dangerously icy roads lead to crashes” (CBC – Nov. 15, 2017);
- “Icy conditions causing havoc on Kelowna area roads” (Capital News – Dec. 3, 2017);
- “Icy road leads to crash” (Castanet – Nov. 4, 2017)
Do you ever see these analogous headlines:
- “Deep water leads to drowning”;
- “Watery depths cause havoc on the beach”; or
- “Sunny weather leads to drowning death”?
Don’t they sound nonsensical!
The public needs to know that the vast majority of drownings occur because of factors that are entirely within our control, i.e. alcohol or drug impaired swimming, lack of supervision of children who don’t know how to swim, adults over-swimming their abilities, walking / driving on thin ice, boaters failing to use life jackets, etc.
Those true causes of drownings are reported by the news media. That’s important. It helps the public recognize and protect against risky behaviours that can lead to drowning.
It also leads to an attitude of accountability and consequences. Blaming bodies of water and warm weather would lead to an attitude of “accidents happen”.
Icy roads are no more a cause of crashes than deep water is a cause of drownings.
We live in an area of the world that has winter. The season hits us year after year without fail.
Ice and snow, the natural consequences of winter, are just as predictable as the depth of water in a lake or pool.
If we blame the snowy and icy roads for crashes, we cause a powerless attitude of “accidents happen”.
Why don’t we lay the blame where it belongs, creating an attitude of accountability and consequences?
Consider these alternate headlines:
- “Icy conditions take clueless drivers by surprise”;
- “Too many crashes caused by overdriving winter road conditions”; and
- “Drivers fail to slow down in slippery conditions; no wonder ICBC rates are going up”.
We need to grumble and complain about drivers who fail to use good winter tires and who overdrive the conditions. Not about the naturally occurring ice and snow.
Here’s a bit of common sense that I pulled from a case decided back in 1941, quoted by the British Columbia Court of Appeal in Savinkoff v. Seggweiss, a judgment released June 17, 1996:
“If roads are in such a condition that a motor car cannot safely proceed at all, it is the duty of the driver to stop. If the roads are in such a condition that it is not safe to go at more than a foot pace, his duty is to proceed at a foot pace.”
Messaging in the news media is powerful stuff. There is a reason why mass advertising is expensive: It works.
If the news media were to get together and resolve to report about crashes in a way that brings about a sense of accountability and consequences, there would be a natural improvement in driving attitudes.
An improvement in driving attitudes will reduce crashes and put a stop to rising ICBC rates.
Let’s get rid of the fake news and make our roads safer! | <urn:uuid:fdb3f56d-fed9-470f-b4af-4f2912a7e0a0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.onecrashistoomany.com/stop-presses-icy-roads-dont-cause-crashes-shitty-drivers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499700.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129044527-20230129074527-00808.warc.gz | en | 0.944982 | 777 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Many know that in owning a parakeet, one will have a companion for years. In watching your parakeet, you can see that your feathered friend has some funny habits. You may have seen them puff up and fluffy their feathers, and there is a reason for this.
Parakeets puff up for plenty of reasons, including that your bird is sleepy, chilly, upset, or sick. They may even puff up when you talk sweet to them and when they’re interacting with other birds. It’s important to know your bird’s typical behaviors, so you know when puffing up warrants a call to the vet.
In understanding your bird and their daily behaviors, you, as their owner, can pick up on certain habits. You may be able to tell when and why your bird puffs up and therefore know when it is a concern.
- What Is My Parakeet Saying To Me?
- Related Questions
What Is My Parakeet Saying To Me?
Some birds have the gift of communicating by copying words, but mostly they use their body language and sounds. To tell you, their owner, how they feel they use anything from head bobbing to singing. Those are tell-tale signs that your bird is happy or agitated.
It sure is cute to watch your bird puff and fluff their feathers to look like a fluffy puffball. Animals have to use their bodies to communicate. When a bird puffs up, it can be to communicate something specific to you on how they feel.
Is It Time For Your Parakeet To Take A Nap?
Before you go to bed, you brush your teeth, wash your face, and put on clean pajamas. Do you see your parakeet cleaning, preening, and puffing their feathers up right before bedtime? Puffing up may be a sign that they are ready to go to sleep.
Birds thrive on schedule and love when they know something is coming. Going to bed should be on their internal clock, and they know when it is time to go to sleep. They will puff up and yawn to show you that they are ready for a good night’s rest.
Who doesn’t like to take a midday nap? If you come home for lunch and see your bird puffed up, they may be ready for a nap. They will be hanging out in their favorite spot and puffed up just to get ready for a little siesta.
Your Parakeet Puffs Up Because They’re Cold
Parakeets are sensitive birds, and any draft can cause them not to feel well. If they get too cold, it can be detrimental to their health. Parakeets will have signs to tell you they are too cold, like squawking or puffing up.
Puffing up is a way for your parakeet to conserve body warmth and energy. On colder days of the year, you will see your bird puff up to keep the warmth in their feathers. So birds’ feathers fluff up to capture more air, and in doing so, they hold more heat.
That is why when your bird is cold, you may see them stay puffed up for an extended period. Parakeets puff up just as we wrap ourselves in a warm blanket; to get warm. That may be a sign that you need to partially cover their cage or move them to a warmer spot.
Is Your Parakeet Puffing Up Because They’re Upset?
As stated before, parakeets have different ways of communicating their emotions. Puffing up can be a sign that your bird may be irritated by something. Your bird can sense things that you might not be able to see.
Keeping an on this body language can also be paired with others to tell you how upset they might be. If their tails twist and wings lift away from their body, this can be a sure sign of frustration. Puffing up can look very healthy, but you should watch for any behavior change.
If you have other household pets intrigued by your bird, you may see your cat taking a swipe at your parakeet. Cats can tend to agitate your bird, so your parakeet puffs up to look bigger. It may happen every time your cat enters the room, and this may be something to watch for.
Because birds are prey animals by nature, they are meant to hide how they feel. In nature, they do not show how they may feel for such an apparent reason because it shows weakness. Your parakeet may try to hide it from you, but in watching your parakeet, you can pick up the signs.
Puffing And Sickness
Typically your parakeet is very active. You will begin to notice their quirky little behaviors, like how they act when you walk into the room. Usually, when you approach them or try to pet them, they flatten their feathers tight to their bodies.
Puffing up and staying that way when you walk into the room may be a sign they are ill. Along with puffing, stuffy nose, and sticky poop may be a sign that your bird just isn’t feeling well. Parakeets love external stimuli, and if your bird is puffed up and not reacting right, they need a vet.
As stated before, your bird puffs their feathers to trap more air to warm their bodies. When they are sick, they are generally cold and need to warm their bodies proficiently. You might need to install a bird lamp when going to a vet is not available at the time.
Parakeets Puff Up When You Sweet Talk
Parakeets love and long for attention, and when they get it, they show you they are happy. When you talk sweetly and softly to them, they puff up to show they are pleased to hear you talk. They are usually excited to be taken out, petted, and talked to.
Even soft music and commercials on television can cause your parakeet to puff up. They can close their eyes and push their head into yours as they fluff their feathers up to show comfort. They puff up their way of showing they are happy to see you and hear you.
Silence is almost deafening to them and can cause them stress. It is essential to interact with your bird and talk to them to show them love. Also, when you’re not at home, they love soft music or a television on to stay content all day.
Puffing Up For A Friendly Companion
Parakeets are friendly birds and are usually in stores with companions. They love to be with other parakeets and their humans, and it can cause them to be a bit puffy. They love to puff up and preen to impress their companions and owners.
It is common practice for other birds to preen and clean each other’s feathers. They puff up and shake to loosen debris and to make it easier to clean. Using their beak to clean each feather, and when done, they puff and fluff to see how pretty they look.
Even talking to the mirror, you may see your parakeet puffing up and licking it. Parakeets are overly playful with their toys and mirrors, and you may see them puff up as they play. This excitement makes them puffy to show their love for playing just by themselves.
Your bird may even love your friendly feline and house-dwelling canine. Just seeing their furry companion can send your bird into a fluffy frenzy. You may even see your calico and bird content with one another on your couch.
Will my Doberman get along with my parakeet?
In general, dogs are hunters, and they do love a good chase with a bird. Hunting dogs are a constant at catching and receiving ducks and birds. Dobermans can be good hunters, and teaching them to get along with your bird may take time and patience.
Teaching your Doberman to get along with your parakeet takes time for the introduction and correction. Getting a puppy is best so you can raise them with their feathered companion and teach them how to behave. They can become the best of friends with proper time and training.
Why do parakeets bob their heads?
Head bobbing is a cute and entertaining motion that your parakeet does. Head-bobbing is also a way parakeets play with toys and entertain themselves. Bobbing usually indicates excitement and happiness, and you can often teach your parakeet to do this when they hear music.
Males also head-bob as they try to entice and find a mate. Head bobbing is a dance-like movement, and it sure is cute to watch a male trying to attract their mate. It is not uncommon to see your female parakeet doing it as it is a sign of affection.
Why do parakeets like the sound of running water?
Parakeets peep and chirp when they hear a sound that either displeases them or makes them happy. They are in tune with all the noises in your home and their surroundings. Being in tune with sounds can help your bird to differentiate between sounds they like or dislike.
Water could mean, for them, a small bath, and they love to splash and dance in the water. They may also dislike the sound and chirp when they hear it to protest the sound of water. Parakeets have a highly developed auditory system, and the sound your bird makes can tell you a lot. | <urn:uuid:3649524f-1a9b-4614-9e1f-68859d12abac> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://petadvisers.com/why-do-parakeets-puff-up/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499819.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130133622-20230130163622-00008.warc.gz | en | 0.970024 | 1,987 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Under what legal authority does Council levy rates?
The legislative authority and responsibilities of local governments are outlined by Federal Government as follows: Local government in Australia's Federation
Local government bodies have existed in Australia since the establishment of the Adelaide Corporation (now the City of Adelaide) in 1840. Across Australia, there are now about 560 local government bodies that promote local interests and deliver important services and infrastructure. These bodies are very diverse: the areas they cover range from less than a square kilometre to almost 380,000 square kilometres, and their populations range from a few hundred to more than 1 million.
Local government is a legislative responsibility of the States and Territories and is recognised in the Constitution of each State. State parliaments determine the roles and responsibilities of local governments, and those responsibilities vary from State to State.
Chapter 7 of the Constitution of Queensland 2001 notes the following in regard to the authority and responsibilities of local governments:
Chapter 7 Local Government
Part 1 System of local government
Section 70 System of local government
(1) There must be a system of local government in Queensland.
(2) The system consists of a number of local governments.
Section 71 Requirements for a local government
(1) A local government is an elected body that is charged with the good rule and local government of a part of Queensland allocated to the body.
The Local Government Act 2009, promulgated by the Queensland Parliament in terms of the Queensland Constitution, says the following:
Chapter 2 Local Governments
Part 1 Local governments and their constitution, responsibilities and powers
Section 9 Powers of local governments generally
(1) a local government has the power to do anything that is necessary or convenient for the good rule and local government of its local government area.
Chapter 4 Finances and accountability
Part 1 Rates and charges
Section 94 Power to levy rates and charges
(1) Each local government:
(a) must levy general rates on all rateable land within the local government area; and
(b) may levy:
(i) special rates and charges; and
(ii) utility charges; and
(iii) separate rates and charges.
Chapter 7 Other provisions Part 6 Other provisions Section 262 Powers in support of responsibilities
(3) The powers include all the powers that an individual may exercise, including for example:
(c) power to charge for a service or facility, other than a service or facility for which a cost-recovery fee may be fixed. Local Government Legitimacy and Rating Power
What does my rating category mean?
Bundaberg Regional Council operates a Revenue Statement, which means your land is categorised according to land use and/or demand for, or benefit from Council services and rated accordingly. Included with the rate notice is an Information Sheet that explains how property has come to be included in a particular rating category.
I bought this property but did not own it for the entire rating period and/or water consumption period. Why do I have to pay?
Please check your settlement statement to confirm whether a rate and/or water adjustment was done or contact your solicitor and/or agent for confirmation.
Are my regular payments listed individually on my rate notice?
No, this would add pages to the rate notice and ultimately increase production and postage costs. Alternatively, contact us for clarification of your account balance or details of payments received.
What should I do if I am unable to pay my rates on time?
If you are unable to pay your rates in full and on time, please contact us before the due date to organise a weekly/fortnightly/monthly payment arrangement.
Can I get my notice emailed?
Receiving your rate notice via email is now an option. Head to the eRates page to register.
How do I notify Council of my authorisation for a 3rd party to act on my behalf with regards to my rates and property?
Notifications will only be accepted from the registered owner of the property or in the case of a trust or a company, an authorised person of that trust or company.
Property(s) held in the name of individual person(s): In writing, either by email to email@example.com or by post to Bundaberg Regional Council, PO Box 3130 BUNDABERG QLD 4670 or by completing an Authority to Enquire - Rates Only form.
Property(s) held in the name of a trust or in a company name: In writing, either on company letterhead, or via company email firstname.lastname@example.org. Please quote the rate notice reference number, property address, current postal address and position title (e.g. Director).
If I have a payment commitment but am unable to make payment when it's due?
If you are unable to make a payment as arranged, please contact us beforehand to make alternative arrangements. Otherwise, your existing commitment may be terminated and you may be exposed to recovery action.
I have only just purchased my property, am I expected to pay the rate notice?
Yes, normally any new or unpaid rates owing on a property before purchase should have been adjusted in your favour in settlement figures. You may care to check settlement documents or contact your solicitor to confirm the nature of the rate adjustment made upon settlement.
Why can't my rates be linked to CPI increases?
The rates which a Council levies are community-driven and reflect the desire of the community for a certain level of service. If Council restricted rates increases to the level of inflation it could not successfully meet its community's minimum expectations and would not fulfil its obligations to diligently administer and develop the region.
For example, the community may be dissatisfied with public areas, parks and verges which are maintained too infrequently, but more frequent maintenance can result in higher costs which may lead to an increase in the rate greater than CPI. Council continually strives to achieve an acceptable balance between its rate increases and the provision of the minimum service level required by its community.
Why are Service Charges payable for properties which do not receive services?
Council's Water Access Charge and Sewerage Charge are levied to finance the capital cost of the Council's water and sewerage infrastructure, such as purification plants, reservoirs and pipes which are required to deliver water to Council's defined water supply areas and dispose of sewage from Council's defined sewerage areas. All ratepayers with properties within a water or sewerage area are required to pay a Water Access Charge and/or Sewerage Charge whether they are connected to the service or not.
The reason for this is that most ratepayers who own vacant land within a water or sewerage area and which is not currently connected to Council's infrastructure, plan to build on their property at some time in the future. The following simple example illustrates why Council charges everyone in a water or sewerage area a Water Access Charge and/or Sewerage Charge.
Example: consider that Council has 100 ratepayers who require a water supply. Council builds a water reservoir, purification plant, and pipes to supply those 100 ratepayers with water. Then one additional ratepayer finishes building their house on their previously vacant land and requests a water supply from Council. If Council had not provided for this in their water reservoir capacity nor laid pipes to service the additional property, the ratepayer would have to wait whilst Council built a new reservoir and would have to finance the entire cost of a Council work team laying the extra meters of pipe to extend the system to their property. That would cost all ratepayers in that situation thousands of dollars and would delay their receipt of a water supply during which they would have to pay to have water trucked in.
If that situation arose, ratepayers would rightly consider that Council was inefficient and ineffective. That scenario would also be wasteful and inefficient from Council's perspective as it obviously doesn't cost as much to build a water reservoir to service 10,000 ratepayers as it would to build one for 1000 ratepayers and then another 1000 in a couple of years' time and so on. It also makes financial and practical sense that, whilst Council's work crew is laying water pipes in an area, they lay them for the whole area, whether it be for water or sewerage services, rather than going back every time the next property at the end of the current service area requests a water or sewerage service. Therefore it benefits both Council and the ratepayer concerned if Council provides water and sewerage infrastructure to an entire area and if all the ratepayers in that area pay a portion of the cost of providing that infrastructure. That is a much lower cost than the ratepayer would have to pay if they requested water or sewerage services individually.
A ratepayer may never build on their vacant land, and may consider that they are paying for a potential service they will never benefit from. Whilst that is true, that scenario does not arise very often, as most people build on vacant land. However if a ratepayer doesn't plan to build on their property they will likely eventually sell it and a property that is capable of being connected to water and sewerage services should attract a higher market price than one that is not capable of connection, therefore the ratepayer still benefits from the provision of those services.
Are my rates subject to GST?
No, rates and charges that appear on your rate notice are exempt from GST.
Can I pay my rates in advance?
Bundaberg Regional Council rates can be paid in advance at any time either by making regular payments or making a lump sum payment. Please contact us if you need assistance. Please note that interest is not paid by Council to ratepayers for any credit balance.
Why doesn’t Council issue a tax invoice when rates are a form of tax?
Section 104 (1) of the Local Government Regulation 2012, states a local government may levy rates and charges only by a rate notice. Further details can be found on www.legislation.qld.gov.au.
Why does Council need to have a Australian Business Number (ABN)?
Local Government are required under Federal Legislation to have an ABN since its inception on 1 July 2000, as per A New Tax System (Australian Business Number) Act 1999. Council’s current ABN was acquired with the formation of a new local government area for Bundaberg Regional Council at amalgamation in 2008. Further details can be found on www.legislation.gov.au. | <urn:uuid:546161ee-80b6-4d10-992b-f28144e15dfc> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.bundaberg.qld.gov.au/rates-property/rates-faqs/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499819.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130133622-20230130163622-00008.warc.gz | en | 0.950591 | 2,151 | 3.375 | 3 |
Hong Kong, China, April 1, 2021 /Xinwengao.com/ – The spotted lanternfly has come to the United States, and that’s bad news. This invasive insect native to China, Bangladesh and Vietnam can damage trees, crops and wood decks, threaten the economy, and be an all-around nuisance.
The spotted lanternfly was first seen in the U.S. in Pennsylvania in September 2014. Since then, it’s appeared in Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Virginia and West Virginia. Scientists believe that it came to America on goods that were imported from Asia.
One of several states to have a quarantine on the SLF (spotted lanternfly) is Pennsylvania. At least 26 of its counties are under that directive. The state requires agricultural and non-agricultural businesses that transport products that can be infested by the insect to have a permit.
Among the items under stricter state control are construction, landscaping and remodeling materials; logs, stumps and tree parts; grapevines; nursery stock; crates, pallets and packaging materials; RVs and mobile homes; tractors and mowers; grills, deck boards; and vehicles not stored indoors. In addition to a watchful eye over items, Pennsylvania does not allow the movement of the SLF in any of its life stages: egg mass, nymph or adult.
Plant Species the Spotted Lanternfly Damages
Although the spotted lanternfly threatens many plant products, particularly apples, grapes, hops, walnuts and hardwood trees, it’s been seen on at least 103 kinds of plants and trees. Add to the list rose, plum, river birch, willow, sumac, pine, silver maple, red maple and tree-of-heaven, an invasive plant.
How the SLF Harms Trees and Plants
The SLF damages in several ways. By sucking the sap from branches and stems, it weakens the host. In feeding, it leaves behind honeydew, which is a sticky substance that invites other insects. Honeydew also promotes the growth of sooty mold on plants and trees.
Identification of the Pest
Adult spotted lanternflies (July to December) are about 1-inch long and 1/2-inch wide. An early nymph (widely seen from late April to July) is about 1/8-inch long, and it is black with white spots. A late nymph (prominent from July to September) is about 1/2-inch long, and it is black and red with white spots.
With wings wide open in its adult stage, the insect’s forewings are gray with black spots, and its hind wings are gray with black spots. When someone or something disturbs it, the SLF shows its beautiful bright red underwings.
When wings are closed, the insect is mostly gray with black spots. Newly laid egg masses look as if they are covered with a white substance. On more mature egg masses, the substance may turn gray-brown. Very mature egg masses appear as rows of 30 to 50 seed-like structures in vertical columns.
Objects On Which the SLF Is Found
The spotted lanternfly can’t fly far, but it infests by landing on objects. That’s why residents are urged to examine their vehicles and keep car and truck windows closed when parked. It’s also suggested that people inspect trees, rocks, cement blocks, decks, and other hard surfaces for egg masses. Do the same for landscaping materials, lawnmowers and outdoor equipment that’s being moved from one place to another.
Controlling Egg Masses
Managing the pest includes scraping and destroying its eggs and killing the more mature insects. When residents find egg masses that have been laid on trees, rocks and blocks of cement in the months from September to June, they should scrape them off. Pour hand sanitizer or rubbing alcohol into a freezer bag and scrape the pest into the bag with a plastic card or a putty knife. Dispose of the sealed bag. Residents can also smash egg masses.
Managing the Dissemination of Adult Lanternflies
Also look underneath cars and in wheel wells. Adult insects are ever-present in the months from July through late December. In searching for them examine trees and plants, especially at dusk and at night when the insects are more likely to be on trunks and stems. As with egg masses, one method of removing mature SLFs is by smashing them.
Other methods of control include removing plants and trees that the SLF feeds on, using tree traps to catch newly hatched nymphs and treating trees and plants with EPA-approved insecticides. On its website, the Penn State Extension evaluates some insecticides for both their effectiveness and toxicity to birds, fish and bees.
The spotted lanternfly poses threats to crops, agricultural jobs and commercial and residential trees and plants. It can also disrupt the comfortable lifestyles of residents. Vigilance and moving to prevent the spread of this invasive insect are necessary immediately.
The press release The Problems the Spotted Lanternfly Poses and How To Control This Insect: Expert Opinion from Elmer Kingkiner of Kingkiner Tree Service comes from Xinwengao.com press release distribution and journalist media database service in China.
Hong Kong, China, April 1, 2021 /Xinwengao.com/ – The spotted lanternfly has come to the United States, and that’s bad news. This invasive insect native to China, Bangladesh and Vietnam can damage trees, crops and wood decks, threaten the economy, and be an all-around nuisance. Sightings The spotted lanternfly was first seen in the U.S.… Read More
The press release The Problems the Spotted Lanternfly Poses and How To Control This Insect: Expert Opinion from Elmer Kingkiner of Kingkiner Tree Service comes from Xinwengao.com press release distribution and journalist media database service in China.Read MoreChemical & Materials, Energy & Natural Resources, Real Estate & Construction | <urn:uuid:e1fd2681-9d1c-4a70-91ca-f82913ebe047> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.hazmat.cn/uncategorized/the-problems-the-spotted-lanternfly-poses-and-how-to-control-this-insect-expert-opinion-from-elmer-kingkiner-of-kingkiner-tree-service/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499890.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131190543-20230131220543-00088.warc.gz | en | 0.935463 | 1,281 | 2.734375 | 3 |
NCERT Books For class 9
NCERT Books for class 9:- Hello friends welcome to our website Gktrick.in. Today our post is related to NCERT Books for the class 9 for all Students, in this post we will provide you link to download all types of PDF related to all topics in class 9 subject wise and the chapter wise. You will be able to download them by clicking on them, it will help you in all competitive Exams
Right now we have all the PDFs related to NCERT Books for class 9 topics, in this post we are providing you. And further, all the links related to general NCERT Books for the class 9 topic will come to us, their links will also be added in this post, so request all of you to save this post in your browser’s BOOKMARK, and keep checking.
In addition to NCERT Books for class 9, PDF related posts of all other subjects are also available on our website, so keep visiting this website regularly. Please tell through the comment on which topic you need a PDF.
We also Cover Basic Topics like Maths, Geography, History, Hindi, Polity, etc and study materials including previous Year Question Papers, Current Affairs, Important Formulas, etc for upcoming Banking, UPSC, SSC CGL Exams. Our PDF will help you to upgrade your mark in any competitive exam.
NCERT Hindi Book for the class 9 class book is provided here in pdf to easily get access anytime and anywhere. we are relating the NCERT Books for Class 9 in Hindi and English syllabus according to topic-wise in both Hindi and English.
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NCERT Books for Class 9 Subject Wise
- Class 9 NCERT Maths Book
- Class 9 NCERT Science Books
- NCERT Geography Book Class 9
- NCERT Class 9 History Book
- Class 9 Democratic Politics – 1
- Class 9 Economics
- Class 9 English NCERT Books
- Class 9 Words and Expressions
- NCERT Sanksrit Books Class 9
- Class 9 Abhyaswaan Bhav
- Class 9 Gulzar-e-Urdu
- Class 9 Nawa-e-Urdu
- Class 9 Jaan Pahechan.
- Class 9 Door-Pass
- Class 9 Sab Rang
- Class 9 Asnaf-e-Urdu Adab
- Class 9 Yoga Healthy Way of Living | <urn:uuid:89b36546-a092-4eb3-a449-09a0ada2eaa2> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://gktrick.in/ncert-books-for-class-9/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203055519-20230203085519-00248.warc.gz | en | 0.878572 | 563 | 2.609375 | 3 |
During the coronavirus lockdown, we may have our car unused for a long period and later find an Under-inflated tyre. It is possible to avoid this to an extent if follow take the correct steps. Here are some tips on how Maintaining the correct tyre pressure so that you will not have to spend on servicing when want to make use of it again.
What can affect tyre pressure?
Tyre pressure can be affected if you leave your car parked for a long period, by weight/load, speed and even by the way you drive. You can find the information about tyre pressure for your car on your driver’s handbook. You will be presented with two sets of readings – a standard reading and a reading for when you are carrying additional weight such as passengers or luggage.
How do I find out the correct tyre pressure for my car?
Maintaining the correct tyre pressure is an important factor in both the safety and longevity of tyres. Over or under inflation could adversely affect the vehicle handling and the tyre’s performance and durability and also reduces your engine’s workload.
Dependant on size. To test your tyre pressure, take off the dust cap on the tyre’s valve. Fix on the pressure gauge and make a note of the reading. Your driver’s handbook will provide you with the correct pressure ratings for your tyres. It is always best to check as the tyre pressure for the front and rear may differ. If your tyre needs extra air, you should inflate it using an air pump at home, or use the facilities provided in many petrol stations.
Park indoors or use a car cover
Consider parking your car indoors. It’ll be safer and cleaner. If you don’t have this option, try to invest in a quality cover. Make sure to buy one that fits your car model or type. Also, avoid using the cover indoors as this will ensure getting rid of moisture faster.
Jack up your car
Vehicles that have been stationary for long periods develop flat spots on tyres. To avoid this, use four jacks (or blocks of wood) so that the car doesn’t rest on the wheels. Sports cars with low profile tyres can be left without support for as much as two months without any damage to the tyres.
Clean the interiors before parking the car
This might be stating the obvious, but we’re going to tell you anyway. People tend to leave trash in cars, including chocolate or biscuit wrappers (with crumbs inside), old newspapers, water bottles and so on. All of this could rot or, worse, attract rodents that can damage floor mats, seat covers and even wiring. So, clean the interior thoroughly and spray a little freshener. But don’t use too much as even as it will stink in the closed confines over a long period. | <urn:uuid:d3209e34-abb1-4f28-9e6e-6a5ec2892361> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.oxondrivingtuitions.com/how-to-look-after-your-car-tyres-in-lockdown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500126.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204110651-20230204140651-00328.warc.gz | en | 0.940015 | 595 | 2.546875 | 3 |
WK 4 SOCW 6443 Discussion 2: Psychopharmacological Treatment Options for Bipolar Disorders
Clients with bipolar disorder struggle to lead a normal life. Since many of the medications used to treat bipolar disorder have similar functions and effects, a psychiatrist might prescribe a variety of medications as part of the client’s overall treatment plan. Mental health professionals play a pivotal role in consistently monitoring and ensuring that the recommended psychopharmacological treatments are effective in ameliorating the client’s symptoms. Having a thorough knowledge of the adverse effects associated with psychopharmacological interventions prepares mental health professionals to advocate for alternative approaches when treating clients with bipolar disorder.
For this Discussion, review the medication selection for your hypothetical case study from this week’s Discussion 1 provided in resources. As you review the medication you selected, consider its function, side effects, and other pertinent information. Analyze additional psychopharmacological treatment options for bipolar disorders. Select a different anticonvulsant/mood-stabilizing medication than the one you previously selected (other than lithium) that a psychiatrist might prescribe to treat bipolar disorders.
300 to 500 words not including the questions. Questions in bold then answers.APA 7th addition format
Post an explanation of the effects of the medication you selected in treating bipolar disorder.
Next, explain the potential side effects of the medication you selected and the potential side effects of lithium.
Then, explain how mental health professionals monitor clients for adverse effects associated with the selected medication and lithium.
In light of adverse effects, explain when and how a mental health professional might advocate for a client to consult with his or her psychiatrist.
Provide a specific example.
Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.
Lichtblau, L. (2011). Psychopharmacology demystified. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning.
Chapter 3, “Pharmacotherapy of Bipolar Disorder” (pp. 37–47)
Preston, J. D., O’Neal, J. H., & Talaga, M. C. (2017). Handbook of clinical psychopharmacology for therapists (8th ed.). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.
Chapter 8, “Bipolar Disorders” (pp. 95-106)
Chapter 17, “Bipolar Medications” (pp. 201-216)
National Institute of Mental Health. (2015). Gipolar disorder Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml
Here are 2 DSM-5 But you will have to put the full references:
hypothetical case study from this week’s Discussion 1
Alec Lightwood is a 20-year-old who withdrew from university after experiencing a manic episode in which he was brought to the attention of the counselor. Alec was a medical student and had increasingly reduced his sleep schedule, spending his hours with his classmates discussing the nature of the human body. He was convinced that his ideas were important, frequently suggesting that he was more learned and advanced than the majority of his professors. Alec frequently told his peers that he was on the verge of revolutionizing his new field and grew increasingly irritable and intolerant of anyone who disagreed with his idea. He started engaging in extremely risky behaviors such as drinking and engaging in sexual relations in a way that was different from his history. Alec was diagnosed with a DSM-5 bipolar disorder with an ICD-10 code of F31.3 (Preston, O’Neal, Talaga, 2017). At the current time he has returned to his parents’ home and placed on a mood stabilizer after a short period on antipsychotic, his current psychiatrist was requesting adjunctive psychotherapy for his bipolar disorder. Alec’s patient was surprised by the diagnosis since he previously dealt with anxiety, withdrawals, and depression in his adolescent years. Alec exhibited the following symptoms use of alcohol, depression, elevation of mood, impulsivity, irritability, manic episodes, and risky behaviors.
The treatment that a psychiatrist might prescribe to Alec is mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, cognitive therapy, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, and systematic care for bipolar disorder. The psychiatrist may also advocate for psycho education for bipolar disorder (Preston, O’Neal, Talaga, 2017).
The role of mental health professionals in treatment cases for bipolar disorder is to diagnose and treat people suffering from bipolar. The mental health professionals are also in charge of observing the patient’s reaction to the given medication and treatment to ensure they are successful in the treatment.
Preston, J. D., O’Neal, J. H., & Talaga, M. C. (2017). Handbook of clinical psychopharmacology for therapists (8th Ed.). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger. | <urn:uuid:ef4ed635-4490-4062-bbdc-7a697a4b7689> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://essaycreek.com/psychopharmacological-treatment-options-for-bipolar-disorders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.940263 | 1,035 | 2.609375 | 3 |
How Carbon Credits Can Reduce Ulaanbaatar’s Air Pollution
By Undariya Rinchin
In November 2022, the world had its eyes on COP27, the UN Climate Conference. This year, there was record-breaking heat across North America and Europe and a devastating flood in South Asia. Yale Climate Connections reported that weather disasters will cost the world $29 billion in 2022. As we grow more conscious of climate change as a planet, many individuals, organizations and governments worldwide have begun observing their carbon footprint with a keen eye.
Net zero once seemed impossible. Yet, a glimmer of hope appeared in the recent past with the emergence of carbon credits - units of carbon emission reductions measured in the metric tonne that are verifiable and tradeable. Bloomberg predicts that the price of carbon credits may rise by 3,000 percent by 2029 with better regulations.
The ever increasing demand for carbon credits could be the straw that stirs the milkshake for climate innovation in Mongolia and possibly resolves the air pollution problem in Ulaanbaatar.
While Ulaanbaatar’s air pollution this winter is taking an increasingly heavy toll, it has become a less pronounced issue because of other prominent problems like corruption and traffic jams in the city.
Photo of Ulaanbaatar's air pollution
To that effect, a Mongolian-Singaporean climate-focused tech start-up called URECA is taking a bold and revolutionary approach.
In November 2022, URECA broke international news by raising $1.5 million. The company founded by Mongolian climate advocates only a year ago won the Best Climate-Tech Start-Up Company award from Singapore Business Awards. With the added funding, the company is set to begin its climate-tech innovation while aiming to expand to Southeast Asia. Purchasing one carbon credit from URECA equals removing one tonne of CO2 from the atmosphere, taking 36 hybrid cars off the road for a month, and planting and maintaining 100 trees for a year.
According to URECA, the company is aspiring to fill the gap in existing standards for small renewable energy producers like households through its innovative technology, which ensures that the verified carbon credits listed on its marketplace are of high quality and meet the most stringent requirements.
URECA’s vision is to make a global platform where people can trade high-quality carbon credits sourced from sustainable practices in climate-affected households in Mongolia. The project's digital MRV (measurement, reporting, and verification) technology is blockchain-based, making the carbon credits tried and true. The technology was developed in partnership with the Mongolian University of Science and Technology. The tamper-proof credentials of the MRV through blockchain are a highly significant factor as they prevent double-counting.
Five households in the ger districts of Ulaanbaatar and rural Mongolia have been screened and selected as beneficiaries of the URECA's first round of carbon credit collection. High-quality solar panels (1.5kW- 5kW), electric heating, and ger insulation were installed. One carbon credit is priced at $80 (December 2022). Soon, the selected households will be able to profit from selling the carbon credits that URECA's MRV recorded.
The project aims to allow individual renewable energy producers in LEDCs to benefit from carbon credits. Nearly all carbon credit incentive programs have high upfront costs and excessive paperwork requirements for the MRV.
Additional benefits to the households include a 70 percent reduction in energy costs. A study by URECA found that ger district households burn around 10-20 tonnes of coal annually, generating 14-20 tons of CO2.
Solving Ulaanbaatar's air pollution is an age-old question that has been circulating for over three decades.
Through URECA’s innovation and international partnerships, UB’s air could become clean one day.
Undariya Rinchin is an Ulaanbaatar-based journalist. | <urn:uuid:bee2e2f8-0af7-4c1a-8bc9-e763af675456> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/how-carbon-credits-can-reduce-ulaanbaatar-s-air-pollution | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.947006 | 821 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Set in the middle of a mass of laser equipment, researchers have managed to trigger the coldest chemical reaction in the known Universe. This feat promises to reveal some essential truths about how the building blocks of matter react at ultra-low temperatures.
How cold is the reaction exactly? We're talking in the region of 500 nanokelvin - just a few millionths of a degree above absolute zero. The frigid nature of this set-up is important, since at these sort of temperatures molecules tend to slow to the point of almost stopping.
If you want a chemical reaction to happen, tardy molecules are not what you'd typically be after. But in this case, the reduction in both temperature and speed gave the Harvard University-led team the opportunity to see something that's never been observed before: the moment when two molecules meet together and form… two new molecules.
"Probably in the next couple of years, we are the only lab that can do this," says physicist Ming-Guang Hu, from Harvard University.
Chemical reactions take just a picosecond, which makes trying to capture what happens in that time frame very tricky indeed. Even ultra-fast lasers acting as cameras can usually capture the start and end of a reaction, not what happens in the middle.
Slowing the reaction in the extremely cold temperatures achieved by the team was therefore the perfect solution.
"Because [the molecules] are so cold, now we kind of have a bottleneck effect," says chemical biologist Kang-Kuen Ni, also from Harvard University.
Ultra-low temperatures mean ultra-low energy, which in turn means a much slower reaction: two potassium rubidium molecules chosen for their pliability were delayed in the reaction stage for microseconds (millionths of a second).
A technique known as photoionisation detection was then used to observe what was happening to the two molecules, giving scientists invaluable real data to help inform their models and hypotheses.
Being able to observe chemical reactions at such close quarters and at such a fundamental level opens up the possibility of being able to design new reactions too – an almost limitless number of combinations are imaginable, potentially useful in everything from material construction to quantum computing.
It's a journey that Kang-Kuen Ni has been on for years – working at incredibly small scales to observe and to control what happens when chemicals react with each other.
Now the team is investigating ways in which chemical reactions could be influenced or manipulated to order – either changing the energies involved before the reaction happens, or even nudging the molecules to alter the reaction while it's in progress.
"With our controllability, this time window is long enough, we can probe," says Hu. "Now, with this apparatus, we can think about [influencing reactions]. Without this technique, without this paper, we cannot even think about this."
The research is published in Science. | <urn:uuid:f5d78cf4-c596-4415-ae2c-ea0acbbeb5f9> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-just-measured-the-coldest-chemical-reaction-in-the-known-universe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.955932 | 589 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Smartphones or mobile phones are some of the virus carriers that people might overlook. Smartphones are always covered in bacteria and viruses. Hence, proper disinfection of our smartphones is a must. Here are 5 easy ways to use and keep our smartphones free from the virus, especially during this COVID-19 outbreak.
- Regularly clean the device
- Use a disinfectant that contains at least 70% alcohol to clean the smartphone regularly. This cleaning method can also be used with other devices such as laptop, and touched things. We should disinfect our devices at least once a day.
- Use your headphones
- Use your headphones instead of letting your smartphone directly touch your face. Do not forget to clean your headphones regularly.
- Use voice commands
- Nowadays, AI is becoming more intelligent. We can use voice commands instead of typing on the screen.
- Avoid sharing your devices with others
- If unnecessary, do not share your smartphone or other devices with others. If it is necessary, disinfect your devices with disinfectant that contains at least 70% alcohol.
- Other recommendations
- Avoid keeping your smartphone and handkerchief in the same pocket. Frequently wash your hands, especially when you are in public areas.
- Readers Rating
- Rated 5 stars
5 / 5 (Reviewers)
- Your Rating | <urn:uuid:29f398f4-695a-4d2f-be72-d083ce7945c7> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.vejthani.com/2020/04/5-easy-ways/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.921782 | 276 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Every child is unique. Children show off their individual personalities, preferences, and skills from the moment they're born. It’s important for families, educators, and caregivers to track a child’s development by ensuring they meet certain physical, emotional, and cognitive benchmarks at certain stages of their lives.
It can be hard to follow a child’s progress—especially if you’re around them every day—so it is important to track their development throughout the year using early childhood assessments. Preschool assessments will provide helpful information about how a child is developing and if they’re hitting the right developmental milestones.
What is a preschool assessment?
Preschool assessments are a great way to track how quickly a child develops key skills and determine school readiness. In addition, tracking their progress throughout the year can give families and educators helpful information on the types of topics and skills they should focus on so the children are on track for developmental progress.
These assessments are also a great tool to check in on curriculum effectiveness. Without these regular check-ins, educators and families may have difficulty determining if their children are developing the right skills for their age.
Don’t worry—these assessments aren’t like the ones you take in high school. Instead of preparing a formal test, administrators should assess children by observing them. This gives the families and educators helpful insights into the child’s skills while also keeping the children far away from any performance-related anxiety.
There are multiple assessment methods that you, as an educator, can use with your children. These methods fall into two categories: informal and formal. Informal assessment methods include observations, portfolios, and educator ratings. They are non-intrusive to the children while allowing you to observe and collect information on their developmental progress.
Formal assessments are standardized, which means they are scored in a “standard” manner. You can use formal assessments to assess children's development. The results of an assessment can support educators and families in discussing the best ways to support a child’s development or make a plan for next steps, such as following up with a developmental specialist.
Why are assessments important?
There are a few developmental milestones educators and other developmental specialists look for to see if a child is learning essential skills at the right pace. Since preschoolers are too young for tests in a traditional testing environment, educators rely on observation during assessments. The information learned during these assessments can help adults:
- Figure out all the different learning strengths and preferences the children in their classroom have. This will help guide them on teaching techniques to use so the children can learn in their preferred style.
- Measure how each child is progressing academically and in other key developmental skill areas. The previous observations will provide helpful information on what skills a child may need extra help with going forward.
- Provide educators with examples for families on how their child is doing in the classroom. These assessments are great for educators to hand out during check-ins with families. Regular check-ins with a child’s caregivers can help you gain their trust and keep everyone in the loop about their child’s progress and needs.
- Provide early identification of children who may benefit from early intervention or other related services. Keep in mind these informal assessments do not replace a professional diagnosis from a medical or developmental specialist. Screening for developmental delays early on is essential as early intervention services (i.e., speech, physical or occupational therapy) can make a difference in the trajectory and outlook of a child’s development.
- Get helpful feedback about an educator’s classroom performance. These assessments can help educators and childcare administrators see how they can better support their children in the classroom and where there may be room for improvement.
How to administer assessments
Preschool assessments should be administered several times throughout the year. Ideally, there should be one at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year. Having previous assessments of a child’s skill development will give educators and caregivers a better understanding of their class’s progress and show areas they may need to focus more on in the future.
It’s also important to carefully choose the people assessing the children. For smaller centers, the director may be the one to administer the assessment, observe the children, and make curriculum changes based on the results. If your center has a team of educators, it’s good practice to partner junior educators with more experienced ones until they feel comfortable enough to assess the children accurately.
Most preschool assessments are made to be completed in 10-15 minutes. Keep in mind each child will complete it at their own pace since they’re just observational tests. Make sure to keep the environment positive, relaxed, and stress-free for the children as you observe their progress to get the best results.
Types of skills you should assess at your center
There are different types of assessments you can administer depending on the skills you want to observe and track. The most common skills educators and childcare professionals want to keep an eye on throughout the year include:
- Social and emotional skills: Assessments of a child’s social and emotional development will examine their ability to make social connections, self-regulate when upset, and persist when learning new tasks.
- Physical well-being and motor development: These assessments will examine a child’s ability to use fine and gross motor skills to fulfill various physical tasks. These tasks should be simple and could include drawing and painting, playing on playground equipment, or playing with blocks.
- Pre-literacy and pre-writing skills: These assessments will look at skills like a child’s ability to follow and tell a story and how developed their fine motor skills are when drawing.
- Speaking and listening skills: Preschool assessments can help track a child’s expressive language, language comprehension, and auditory development. These observations may look at how well a child can follow a conversation, express their thoughts, and respond in various situations.
- Math skills: Some assessments may observe a child’s basic number comprehension, counting, sorting by shape, color, and size, and comparing and contrasting.
It’s crucial for educators to administer these assessments in the right environment and communicate with families about what a preschool assessment is for, when it will take place, and when the results will be shared with them. Few adults have positive memories of their own experiences with standardized testing during school. They might be a little uneasy about centers giving “tests” to their young children since tests are often associated with stress and anxiety.
You can reassure those family members that your assessments won’t be a stressful experience for their children. Instead of giving the children grades or making an assessment pass/fail, these assessments simply observe a child’s skills and will be used as a conversation starter to share with families about their child’s development.
How preschool assessments can improve the quality of your program
When you start integrating preschool assessments into your childcare program, you’ll quickly see areas of your business improve. Even though you’re observing the children during the assessments, you’re also getting feedback about the effectiveness of your educator’s teaching strategies. This information can help guide you as you or your staff create new lesson plans, add new curriculums, or use different teaching techniques.
Putting together a formal assessment process at your school or childcare center will make sure your observations are helpful for everyone involved. There are four stages to successfully integrating preschool assessments into your program:
- Stage 1: Creating a preschool assessment form
- Stage 2: Filling out your assessments
- Stage 3: Using forms to enrich the curriculum
- Stage 4: Talking to families about their child’s development
Partnering with families
You can meaningfully engage families by bringing visibility to what the children are learning daily. Sharing the activities of the day with families is a great way to partner together to build a strong home-to-school connection. Use our preschool daily report template to keep families up-to-date on their child’s day and share extension activities to try at home.
Preschool assessment templates
There are tons of ready-to-use informal preschool assessment templates you can download and modify to fit your program.
Speaking and listening skills template
Pre-literacy and math assessment template
Social and emotional skills assessment template
Pre-writing assessment template
Preschool assessment tools and sources
Your state may have its own rules and regulations around child assessments you’ll need to follow, so make sure to check those out before you start. Download our template here, and check out these resources on how to develop your own assessment program:
- National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) Early Learning Scale
- Massachusetts Department of Early Education's Guide to Early Childhood Assessment
- California's Preschool Learning Foundations
- Georgia Early Learning and Development Standards
Frequently asked questions about preschool assessments
What types of assessments are used in preschools?
There are two types of preschool assessments: formative assessments and summative assessments.
Formative assessments are integrated into daily lessons to collect data about children’s learning progress. Using formative assessments allows educators to adapt their lesson plans to address children's challenges as they arise.
Summative assessments are often completed at the end of the academic year. They summarize children’s comprehension based on a standard or benchmark. Summative assessments are less common than formative assessments in preschool because they are not considered developmentally appropriate assessments for young children.
What are the challenges involved in assessing preschoolers?
Preschoolers have short attention spans, and their classroom performance can vary daily. This can make it difficult to get an accurate, consistent assessment result, especially when testing children over multiple days.
How do I know if an assessment is formal?
Formal assessments are valid and reliable. For an assessment to be valid, it must be developmentally, culturally, and linguistically appropriate for the children. To be reliable, an assessment must provide the same result when administered to a child by two different people or at two different times.
The bottom line
Always remember every child develops and learns at their own speed. Different skills come easier to some children than others—and that’s completely normal. If you’re concerned a child is falling too far behind their peers, there are various strategies and programs to help them catch up. And don’t forget: many children don’t master all of the skills covered in assessments before starting kindergarten. Overall, preschool assessments are a great addition to programs to ensure every child gets the attention and care they need to succeed.
Brightwheel is the complete solution for early education providers, enabling you to streamline your center’s operations and build a stand-out reputation. Brightwheel connects the most critical aspects of running your center—including sign in and out, parent communications, tuition billing, and licensing and compliance—in one easy-to-use tool, along with providing best-in-class customer support and coaching. Brightwheel is trusted by thousands of early education centers and millions of parents. Learn more at mybrightwheel.com. | <urn:uuid:037bd28e-559b-457a-a2a6-9ebf9de145c0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://blog.mybrightwheel.com/preschool-assessments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00488.warc.gz | en | 0.946132 | 2,304 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Remember that amazing device from Back to the Future that converted garbage into fuel? Nowadays that isn’t as far-fetched as it once was. Everything from liquor and saltwater to diapers to landfills are being used to generate alternative sources of power that run equipment, vehicles and buildings around the world!
Confiscated Booze Converted into Bus-Powering Biogas: nearly 200,000 gallons of smuggled alcohol is snagged by authorities on its way into Sweden each year. Instead of simply pouring it down the drain, however, authorities have come up with an alternative use for all of the confiscated beverages. The biogas created from the mixed cocktail of smuggled goods is used to power a variety of vehicles, including buses an a train. In this win-win situation, customs is glad to be rid of the excess liquid and the country benefits from the fuel produced as a result of the process.
Dirty Diapers Turned into Viable Diesel: one company has a brilliant (albeit offbeat) idea for turning what would normally be landfill material into cost-effective, synthetic diesel fuel. Approximately 30,000 tons of diapers will be annually transformed into over 10,000 tons of diesel fuel at jut 50 cents per liter. Larger schemes to transform a variety of to-be-landfilled materials have come up short, due to “some of the issues that come up [in relationship to] the consistency of the material you’re putting through. One of the beauties of the diaper is that it is going to be a very consistent input. The other beauty of it is because this whole thing works in a closed system, there are no emissions.”
Saltwater Burned into Hydrogen and Oxygen: Four years ago, inspiration struck in the middle of the night. A researcher decided to try using radio waves to kill cancer cells. Instead, John Kanzius discovered that his radio frequency generator could release the oxygen and hydrogen from saltwater and create an incredibly intense flame. His wife Marianne heard the noise and found her husband inventing a radio frequency generator with her pie pans. Experts say his invention could turn into “a steam engine, a steam turbine. That could become a car engine if you wanted it to be.” The following interview shows the process in action:
Methane Gas Siphoned from Garbage Dumps: decomposing waste gives off methane, which can be cleverly harvested rather than merely wasted. The increased interest in salvaging this valuable fuel source is also due in part to the environmental impact of burning it off, which is the traditional method of preventing dangerous gas buildups. Recently, researches have gone so far as to propose and implement methods of increasing methane production within a closed landfill system to get as much fuel as possible from the decomposition process. More information on gas-from-trash available here and here.
Vehicles Powered by Vegetable Oil and Ammonia: on a smaller scale, industrious individuals have used some unlikely materials to power test vehicles, though their small-time successes could have a larger impact if more widely adopted. One experimental truck has been converted to run on ammonia. The result: cheaper fuel, lower emissions and better guess mileage. Meanwhile, a lawyer in Massachusetts purchased a used ambulance, painted it green (for a groan-worthy visual pun effect), rigged it to run on vegetable oil and now gets to travel over 300 miles for just $3. | <urn:uuid:b6e3cf7b-1f53-4895-a482-cc3c6e6e7b2d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://ecoble.com/2007/12/02/five-of-the-worlds-weirdest-alternative-fuel-sources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00488.warc.gz | en | 0.954982 | 707 | 2.875 | 3 |
The SMAP and GPM Mission Education teams held a groundbreaking multi-mission teacher workshop on Wednesday, June 26, 2013 at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This workshop, the SMAP-GPM Joint Mission Teacher Workshop, was attended by 15 middle school teachers from the Goddard region.
Teachers were from Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. This workshop was designed to showcase how NASA studies soil moisture and global precipitation from space. We connected how soil moisture and precipitation directly relates to the global water cycle and the teachers performed some engaging, hands-on activities and experiments that can be used in their classrooms.
Mission scientist speakers included Peggy O'Neill (SMAP Deputy Project Scientist), Karen Mohr (Research Meteorologist), and Dalia Kirschbaum (GPM Applications Scientist). Mission education specialists doing hands-on activities with the teachers included Brian Campbell (SMAP Education Lead), Dorian Janney (GPM Education Lead), and Izolda Trakhtenberg (Soil Specialist).
This workshop was the idea of Brian Campbell designed by the SMAP and GPM Education Teams to focus on NASA's ongoing interest in multi-mission collaboration. | <urn:uuid:b0a45102-c057-4d44-8e6d-1f90d341772d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://smap.jpl.nasa.gov/news/154/joint-smapgpm-teacher-workshop-was-a-hit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00488.warc.gz | en | 0.938135 | 235 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Rare disease day falls on the last day of February every year.
The National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Register (NCARDRS) has been working with stakeholders in the rare disease community to find out what our rare disease priorities should be.
The answer that comes up again and again is “to count the number of people living in England with rare disease X”.
Although each of the 6000+ recognised rare diseases affect less than 1 in 2000 of the UK population, collectively rare diseases are not rare and approximately 3.5 million people in the UK suffer from them.
More data is being collected about our health than ever before. Some data sources contain a small amount of data about a lot of people, like Hospital Episode Statistics and prescription data. Other sources meanwhile contain a mind-boggling amount of data on a smaller number of individuals, like molecular genetic data. Naturally people might imagine that with all of the available data, questions like that have already been answered and if they have not, shouldn't it be just a matter of looking for the answer in the right place?
The challenges of collecting data on rare diseases
There are many challenges associated with collecting data on rare diseases. Fragmented data systems pose logistical obstacles and routine health data is coded in a way in which rare diseases cannot be identified easily or at all.
People are diagnosed with rare diseases throughout their lifetime – from before they’re born until well into old age and the diversity of rare disease means that people can be under the care of virtually any medical speciality.
And finally, there is the sheer number of rare diseases – 6000 to 8000 – of which over 4000 fall under the remit of us in the NCARDRS.
As a result of these challenges, very little is currently known about a large proportion of rare diseases, including the number of individuals who have been diagnosed with a particular condition. The national registration of these conditions and collection of information about them is crucial in advancing our knowledge, and subsequently enabling improvements in the care and medical treatment of people living with a rare disease.
The role of NCARDRS
NCARDRS has made great strides in data collection of congenital anomalies, some of which are rare diseases, since Public Health England took over congenital anomaly registration in 2015.
We’ve done this by building records from multiple data sources until the clinical narrative is complete. This approach will be the same for other rare diseases, but will take time.
In the meantime, we are taking a pragmatic approach and are collaborating with others in the rare disease field so that our work is joined-up.
We are identifying where relevant data is less difficult to collect and starting there . For those diseases where data collection is more difficult, we are harnessing the energy and curiosity which drives many of those in the rare disease field to help us find new, sustainable means to collect the information we need.
For example, our current work includes a proof of concept project on Wilson’s Disease, a disorder of copper metabolism which can have a devastating effect if it is not diagnosed early. Working with the Wilson’s Disease Special Interest Group, we are carrying out a project to identify all cases of Wilson’s Disease in England and a way to make reporting of cases diagnosed in future to NCARDRS routine.
This is a first and the data we collect will help inform how healthcare is delivered for patients with Wilson’s Disease as well as how data can be collected on similar diseases.
Ongoing work and responding to data requests
Case study: Using available data to estimate how many people with Rett Syndrome live in the UK
Though NCARDRS data collection on rare disease is in its early days, we are responding to requests for information if we feel that we can give a reliable answer.
Recently we were asked by Rett UK if we could tell them how many people with Rett Syndrome live in the UK. Interrogating the data available to us, we were able to estimate that there were around 900 (1.6 per 100,000 population) people living in England (which means round 1069 people in the UK).
“Great to have connected with the rare disease team at Public Health England to try to establish the number of people with the rare disorder, Rett syndrome, in the UK. As a patient charity, we are trying to ensure that we are reaching every family affected by Rett syndrome. When you are living with a rare disorder, access to support and information can be life changing. No one should have to face this on their own. Many thanks to NCARDRS for helping us with this work.” Becky Jenner, Rett UK CEO
Addressing the challenges of collecting data on rare diseases is still very much in its infancy. We need to continue to collaborate with organisations in the field to identify approaches we can take to obtain the necessary information.
This will ultimately facilitate better, more targeted healthcare, benefiting those living with rare disease and their families. | <urn:uuid:2dd0bf12-b745-441f-b7f5-8b70203ca405> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://ukhsa.blog.gov.uk/2018/02/27/why-we-need-to-count-the-people-who-have-rare-diseases/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00488.warc.gz | en | 0.961461 | 1,022 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Alison Macintosh, one of Shaw’s PAVE colleagues, thinks so, too. She’s the one whose recent paper, “From athletes to couch potatoes: Humans through 6,000 years of farming,” claims that, when Central Europeans made the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural ones, men’s lower limb strength and overall mobility decreased (even more so than among women).
This decline in physical activity and bone strength has led to osteoporosis, decrease in fitness, obesity, and myriad other problems and diseases. Ironically, “We have an overabundance of nutrition and we train better,” says Shaw, “but we’re overweight and we’re not challenging our bodies like we used to.”
“The average U.S. citizen is considerably less fit than the average hunter-gatherer or forager,” says Dr. Loren Cordain, professor emeritus of health and exercise science at Colorado State University and author of The Paleo Diet. “The lesson to be learned is not from early farmers and their dietary and exercise patterns, but rather from our hunter-gatherer ancestors and their dietary and exercise patterns. These examples represent the norms for our species and the environmental experiences which conditioned our genome.”
Indeed the hunter-gatherers of 30,000 to 150,00 years ago traveled extremely long distances while hauling all kinds of weight. “They were much stronger than the long-distance runners of today,” says Shaw. In a study he published earlier this year, he concluded that “the people back then were monsters by comparison. What you see today is quite pathetic.”
Cordain, for one, thinks we should eat and live like our hunter-gatherer ancestors, whose meat-heavy diets gave them more muscle mass and enhanced their athletic abilities and performance. Wolf would add in weight training, stretching, and, in particular, cross-country running, because it challenges our bodies in the same ways hunter-gatherers had to navigate uneven terrain and the up-and-down of hills—all of which increased their physical robustness.
Do all that and you can reclaim your ancient potential, advises Wolff. “If folks train hard they can achieve remarkable levels of physical development.” | <urn:uuid:6ad58da8-e2b9-4fcc-8f27-f8b5394237e0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://boulderinternalmartialarts.blogspot.com/2014/06/how-far-fitness-has-fallen-article.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500671.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208024856-20230208054856-00568.warc.gz | en | 0.950465 | 483 | 2.890625 | 3 |
New research suggests that real adulthood begins around age 25 because neurological changes are still occurring that could be due to delaying big responsibilities like marriage, parenthood and mortgages. Beatriz Luna, a professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, discusses the findings.
So what is happening, neurologically, to delay adulthood now to the mid-20s?
What we’re seeing in the latest findings are two things: number one, the prefrontal cortex, which supports planning, complex cognition and so forth, that’s already there. It’s the limbic system, which supports motivation and reward and enthusiasm and novelty-seeking, which we had thought was peaking during adolescence, that seems to continue to increase its hyperactivity all the way through the beginning of the 20s.
So here we are it’s February in Canada when we spend more time indoors and think about what we’re going to be able to do when the weather gets better.
For some of us we are still deep in the ritual of our New Years resolutions to eat clean, lose 40 lbs and solve world peace. Our goals are often lofty and set out by what the new trend in the media is. Maybe we are eating more quinoa and going to Crossfit.
Article Summary: Disturbed Sleep contributes to significantly diminished mental health and is a gateway to increased risk of serious mental health problems.
Depression and insomnia
Insomnia was in the past seen as a symptom of ‘something else’ or, if associated with depression, the general consensus was that the insomnia would just ‘go away’ when the depression was treated. This concept was first challenged with the finding that if individuals had previously experienced depression, sleep disturbance in the form of insomnia was found to be a symptom that preceded a recurring bout of depression (Breslau, Roth, Rosenthal, & Andreski., 1996). More direct relationships between untreated insomnia and depression have since been established (Riemann & Voderholzer, 2003; Cole & Dendukuri, 2003) | <urn:uuid:c241aa17-443e-4e29-8eb8-9b2fc37c38e6> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.familycounselling.com/author/admin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500671.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208024856-20230208054856-00568.warc.gz | en | 0.963784 | 425 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Properly functioning ventilation in homes allows you to bring fresh air into their interiors. People who renovate the old house or build a new one, however, face a dilemma, which solution to decide – mechanical or gravitational? So, in this article, we explain what both of these methods are and point out which one will work better
Why is ventilation used in buildings?
According to the Polish standard PN-83/B-03430, every building must be equipped with ventilation, which should provide a constant exchange of air. Well, it should. Theory itself, and practice itself. Very often it happens that ventilation does not work properly, and is after all an extremely important element
It is on it depends on the well-being of people residing in the premises, because it is responsible for the inflow of fresh air, thereby reducing the level of exhaled carbon dioxide
In addition, its absence may contribute to the formation of damp rooms, and in the worst case even the formation of mold and mildew. Today there are two methods of ventilation – gravitational and mechanical. What do they consist of? About it below
How does gravity ventilation work?
Gravity ventilation is considered the simplest and cheapest way to exchange air in buildings. Its use involves the construction of vertical ventilation channels, which are designed to carry away warm air from the upper layers of the interior to the outside
Its operation is based on the pressure difference generated in the ventilation duct under appropriate atmospheric conditions, which creates a draught of air. However, this solution works only under certain conditions such as
- inflow of air from outside through leaky window frames or their opening,
- the temperature inside is much higher than outside (this difference must be as much as 12 degrees Celsius).
How does mechanical ventilation work?
Mechanical ventilation, otherwise known as recuperation is responsible, as the name suggests for the mechanical extraction of used air from the premises and injecting them with new, fresh air. Its operation is based on the ventilation unit with a heat exchanger, which is responsible for supplying cool air in summer and warm in winter
This solution, therefore, requires the use of appropriate installation in each room, as well as expenditures on its maintenance, replacement of air filters used and incurring costs associated with the use of electricity. However, despite that it also has a number of advantages, which include, among others
- constant air exchange regardless of weather conditions,
- filtration of supplied air by means of special filters,
- savings on heating as a result of recovering heat from the extracted from the interior with the air
Gravity ventilation does not work in modern homes
According to the opinion of many specialists, the use of gravity ventilation is a solution that does not meet its basic objectives. All due to the fact that for its proper operation it requires a leaky window frames – which is impossible in the case of modern windows, or open them – which is not done because of the large losses in heating
The graphic below illustrates exactly how both solutions work:
source: https: //www.wentylacyjny.pl/1885-49-234-wentylacja-grawitacyjna-czy-mechaniczna–porownanie.html
As you can see above, in the case of mechanical ventilation, the air is not only removed from the premises, but also forced into them, thus ensuring its constant exchange without the need for human intervention in this process in the form of opening windows or doors
What’s more, the proof of the superiority of mechanical ventilation from gravity is, for example, that in the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries its use in single-family homes has long since become an obligation regulated by law. | <urn:uuid:f1dc9830-30c3-4b24-a3c9-f0ce19e82765> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://grainofhome.com/installations/gravity-ventilation-or-recuperation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501555.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209081052-20230209111052-00648.warc.gz | en | 0.952699 | 766 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Strange marine mammals of ancient North Pacific revealed
The pre-Ice Age marine mammal community of the North Pacific formed a strangely eclectic scene, research by a Geology PhD student at New Zealand's University of Otago reveals.
Studying hundreds of fossil bones and teeth he excavated from the San Francisco Bay Area's Purisima Formation, Robert Boessenecker has put together a record of 21 marine mammal species including dwarf baleen whales, odd double-tusked walruses, porpoises with severe underbites and a dolphin closely related to the now-extinct Chinese river dolphin.
Among his finds, which were fossilized 5 to 2.5 million years ago, is a new species of fossil whale, dubbed Balaenoptera bertae, a close relative of minke, fin, and blue whales.
Mr Boessenecker named the whale in honour of San Diego State University's Professor Annalisa Berta, who has made numerous contributions to the study of fossil marine mammals and mentored many students.
Although an extinct species, it belongs within the same genus as minke and fin whales, indicating that the Balaenoptera lineage has lasted for 3-4 million years. Balaenoptera bertae would have been approximately 5-6 meters in length, slightly smaller than modern minke whales, Mr Boessenecker says.
His findings appear in the most recent edition of the international journal Geodiversitas.
The publication represents eight years of research by Mr Boessenecker, who was 18 in 2004 when he was tipped off by a local surfer about bones near Half Moon Bay. When he discovered the fossil site, he was astonished by the numerous bone-beds and hundreds of bones sticking out of the cliffs.
He excavated the incomplete skull of Balaenoptera bertae during early field research there in 2005 and it was encased in a hard concretion that took five years to remove.
"The mix of marine mammals I ended up uncovering was almost completely different to that found in the North Pacific today, and to anywhere else at that time," he says.
Primitive porpoises and baleen whales were living side-by-side with comparatively modern marine mammals such as the Northern fur seal and right whales. And species far geographically and climatically removed from their modern relatives also featured, such as beluga-like whales and tusked walruses, which today live in the Arctic, he says.
"At the same time as this eclectic mix of ancient and modern-type marine mammals was living together, the marine mammal fauna in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean were already in the forms we find today."
Mr Boessenecker says this strange fauna existed up until as recently as one or two million years ago. Its weirdness was likely maintained by warm equatorial waters and barriers to migration by other marine mammals posed by the newly formed Isthmus of Panama, and the still-closed Bering Strait.
"Once the Bering Strait opened and the equatorial Pacific cooled during the Ice Age, modernised marine mammals were able to migrate from other ocean basins into the North Pacific, leading to the mix we see today," he says.
Provided by University of Otago | <urn:uuid:a09e6ca1-ac4e-4a75-a317-ca37200cd2c5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://phys.org/news/2014-02-strange-marine-mammals-ancient-north.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764501555.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209081052-20230209111052-00648.warc.gz | en | 0.962865 | 678 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Solar farms are blooming across California’s deserts, wind turbines are climbing the Sierra, photovoltaic roofs are shimmering over suburbs, and Teslas are the Silicon Valley elite’s new ride. A clean energy rush is transforming the Golden State so quickly that nearly a quarter of its electricity now comes from renewable sources, and new facilities, especially solar, are coming online at a rapid rate. Last year, California became the first state to get more than 5 percent of its electricity from the sun.
With its goal of 33 percent renewable energy by 2020 now within reach, Governor Jerry Brown recently raised California’s bar, ordering the state to cut its greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below the 1990 level within the next 15 years — the most ambitious target in North America. To meet the new directive, planners say Californians will need to step up their energy transition even more: doubling energy efficiency, boosting electric transportation, and getting at least twice as much of their electricity from renewables. Energy experts caution that it will take effort, but they say it’s doable.
It’s difficult to remember that just 15 years earlier the state was experiencing an energy meltdown. Electricity prices skyrocketed, supply crashed and blackouts rolled, due mainly to a disastrous deregulation attempt and unscrupulous market manipulation. Fast-forward to 2014, and the state’s renewable capacity grew to an estimated 21,000 megawatts, including more utility-scale solar than all the rest of the states combined.
So how did California go from chaos to clean power leader in such a short time? And where does it go from here?
“Fifteen years out of a crisis — that’s kind of unprecedented,” said Daniel Kammen, director of the Renewable and Appropriate Energy Lab at the University of California, Berkeley. “For the world’s seventh-biggest economy, to be in such a solid and good climate position in a decade and a half is remarkable.”
California’s phoenix act stems from a combination of favorable geography, innovative policies, and businesses that saw the benefits of clean energy investments, Kammen said. Reeling off a list of California solar companies, he said, “All of these companies are creating wealth ”¦ and that is the most fundamental part of the whole equation.”
With bipartisan support, state legislators a decade ago enacted an ambitious Renewables Portfolio Standard requiring that 33 percent of electricity sold in California come from renewable sources by 2020. Governor Brown has called for that goal to be raised to 50 percent by 2030, and his administration has expanded efforts to boost energy efficiency and to significantly increase the use of electric vehicles and renewables, among other measures.
Commercial facilities in the state generate enough clean electricity to power 7 million homes.
Wind energy production has doubled since 2009, and today California generates nearly 6,400 megawatts of wind power, providing around 7 percent of the state’s electricity. Massive new solar farms are also coming online, including two 550-megawatt photovoltaic plants added last year. By the end of 2014, California had roughly 5,400 megawatts of utility-scale solar installed and several more facilities, including a new 579 megawatt plant, are slated to open by the end of next year. California also leads the nation in small distributed, or “rooftop,” solar, with more than 2,300 megawatts now installed, and analysts predict continued strong growth through 2016.
On top of that, the state has ample geothermal energy production, with expansion on the way. All told, according to the California Energy Commission, commercial renewable energy facilities in the state, including small hydropower, now generate enough clean electricity to power more than 7 million California homes — and that doesn’t include home solar and other smaller, on-site production.
The push toward renewables has bumped up electricity prices — Californians pay around 14 cents per kilowatt hour across all sectors, compared to a little over 10 cents nationwide, according to 2015 figures from the U.S. Energy Information Agency. But thanks to a mild climate and successful energy efficiency programs, residents’ monthly bills are actually among the lowest in the nation — Californians rank 49th in energy use and 46th in per-person spending on electricity.
But as California’s clean power goals rise, new capacity could begin to slow. Some planned large projects are now on hold due to financial problems. Others face environmental challenges, such as threats to bird flyways and desert habitats. Large-scale solar plants, particularly those using solar thermal technology, are losing appeal to investors as photovoltaic panel prices plunge. And utilities, having largely reached their current renewable procurement targets, have few new projects in the pipeline. What’s more, the federal solar investment tax credit program for new utility projects drops from 30 percent to 10 percent after 2016, and ends completely for individuals.
Apple and Google have recently announced they are developing their own grid-scale renewable energy projects.
Despite these obstacles, a number of enterprising alternatives are emerging.
In the past few months, both Apple and Google have announced they are developing their own grid-scale renewable energy projects. Apple is partnering with FirstSolar to build a 280-megawatt solar farm not far from its Silicon Valley headquarters. The facility, slated for completion next year, will power all Apple stores in California, as well as the company’s offices and a large data center — plus deliver 150 megawatts to the grid. Not to be outdone, Google has bought into a wind project to power its huge Mountain View campus. The company plans to replace outdated turbines that are inefficient and hazardous to birds with fewer, higher-efficiency, bird-friendly machines.
Another new approach is designed to stimulate small, local renewable energy projects. Under this program, Community Choice Aggregation (CCA), cities and counties contract with renewable energy producers to tailor their own clean energy supply. Electricity is still delivered through the area utility, which charges a transmission fee, but residents can choose whether to receive up to 100 percent clean energy from the CCA.
The state’s first CCA, Marin Clean Energy, opened in 2010 and now serves about 165,000 customers. The program keeps costs down by buying directly from several small, local energy projects it helped develop, including a solar panel array on city airport hangars and biogas from a county landfill, as well as agreements with commercial solar, wind, and geothermal producers.
California’s green energy aggregation model is now spreading to other states, including one starting up this summer in New York’s Westchester County. The Los Angeles-area city of Lancaster this month launched its own CCA, which, along with Sonoma County, brings California’s total to three, with more in progress.
In a testament to clean energy’s bipartisan appeal in California, Lancaster’s Republican mayor, R. Rex Parris, dreams of making his city “the Silicon Valley of Clean Energy.” His initiatives include requiring solar panels on all new homes in this fast-growing community and luring an electric bus manufacturer to town.
“We’ll be net-zero this year,” Parris said, enthusiastically. “We’ll be producing more electricity than we use.”
In addition to slowing global warming — a cause Parris considers critical — he said becoming a clean energy community makes fiscal sense. The CCA’s direct purchase from solar farms will save Lancaster users 15 to 30 percent on their energy bills, he said.
A massive influx of new energy threatens to overwhelm the current transmission system.
“The free market is working,” Parris said. “There are my Republican principles!”
California’s three large investor-owned utilities will soon begin offering clean power choices as well. Under a state community solar development mandate, they’ll be required to purchase renewable energy from small, local producers in an effort to encourage such endeavors and let customers choose their own energy mix.
Meanwhile, unlikely allies from universities to county dumps are banding together and taking a new look around their properties, with an eye to unused space that can be repurposed for clean energy production. Earlier this month, standing on a closed landfill near San Francisco Bay slated to sport 19,000 solar panels by next year, U.S. EPA administrator Gina McCarthy said she hopes a pioneering Regional Renewable Energy Procurement arrangement by a group of public agencies will become a national model. Under that initiative, solar panels will be installed at 186 sites such as fire stations, city halls, libraries, college campuses, and sanitary districts across four northern California counties to produce energy than can be fed into the grid.
California’s energy transition still faces some daunting obstacles. A massive influx of new energy threatens to overwhelm the current transmission system. The sporadic nature of wind and solar poses a special challenge. In addition, the remote location of many new energy producers means the state will have to extend electrical wires.
ALSO FROM YALE e360Will New Technologies Give Critical Boost to Solar Power?
The grid is already starting to experience oversupply episodes when wind and solar produce unexpected bursts of power, which forces the grid to shut down its energy feeds, said Steven Greenlee, a spokesman for the California Independent System Operator (CAISO), the state’s grid regulator. That wastes energy.
To address these problems and achieve California’s goals for a new energy future, CAISO envisions fleets of private and mass-transit electric vehicles that serve as batteries on wheels — plugging in and soaking up excess current when the load gets too high, and feeding it back into the grid through special charging stations when supply drops. The plan also calls for retrofitting the state’s sluggish old conventional power plants or building new ones that can ramp up production quickly when the sun sets or the wind dies, then stop when these sources become active.
A third component — a regional electricity-sharing grid where California and its neighbors can cut costs and increase efficiency by offloading surplus or acquiring extra within minutes of peak demand — was launched last year. So far, Western Energy Imbalance Market members include parts of Oregon, Washington, Utah, and Wyoming, in addition to California.
Reaching the state’s aggressive new energy target likely will raise costs. A recent study by the consulting firm Energy+Environmental Economics and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory estimated that the steps needed would add an average of $14 to monthly household bills. But Berkeley energy professor Kammen points out that the effort also will spur innovation, stimulate the economy, and create jobs.
Lancaster Mayor Parris agrees. “Once you release the creative forces like that,” he said, “it doesn’t stop.” | <urn:uuid:54cf3f62-147a-4407-b503-ccac6617b2e7> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://e360.yale.edu/features/surge_in_renewables_remakes_californias_energy_landscape | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494826.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230126210844-20230127000844-00769.warc.gz | en | 0.936662 | 2,250 | 2.90625 | 3 |
There are many opportunities for self-improvement and change throughout our lifetimes. People set goals and New Year’s resolutions to improve their health, fitness, and finances but often neglect dental health. However, maintaining healthy teeth and gums is vital for your finances and overall health.
Many of us are consistent about maintaining good oral habits – but also tend to keep those that may be putting our teeth and gums at risk for pain and damage. Knowing which habits are bad for your oral health can save you money on dental bills. Keep reading to see which ones to break in 2022 for better oral health.
Top 10 poor oral habits to break in 2022
Improper brushing techniques
Most of us already know the importance of flossing and brushing at least twice a day. But even though you’re consistent with this good habit, it may not be effective if you use the incorrect technique and may still cause problems for your teeth. Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or brushing too hard can erode your tooth enamel and irritate your gums.
The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends brushing twice a day with a toothbrush with soft bristles. They also recommend using circular motions, brushing the teeth for two to three minutes, and replacing the toothbrush every three months or when the bristles are visibly frayed or matted.
Using your teeth as tools
Using your teeth to open items such as bottle caps or packaging may be convenient, but it is a habit that can damage your teeth. It puts you at a higher risk of accidentally swallowing something you shouldn’t, injuring your jaw, or chipping and cracking your teeth.
Be sure to keep can openers, scissors, and other tools where they are easily accessible. Your teeth are for chewing food, not for opening or holding things when your hands are full.
Chewing on objects
Crunching on ice, snacking on your stationary while working, or biting your fingernails are all habits that can damage your teeth. These objects are unsuitable for your mouth, so they can introduce harmful bacteria into your mouth, break your filling, or chip or crack your teeth.
Continuous snacking on ice and other objects can shift your teeth to different positions and impact your smile negatively. It can also irritate your teeth’s soft tissues and lead to regular toothaches. Instead, switch out your object chewing habit with hard-boiled sweets or sugar-free gum.
Tongue piercings are trendy and attractive. But you may be tempted to play and bite on the piercing in your mouth, which could result in a cracked or chipped tooth. Moreover, it can increase your risk for infections since the metal constantly in your mouth is a breeding ground for bacteria.
Drinking sugary beverages
Sugary drinks and foods might taste good, but they can be detrimental to your dental health. They expose your teeth to damaging sugar, which causes plaque buildup and promotes gum and tooth decay. Sugary foods and beverages increase your risk of developing cavities and may also contain acids that damage your tooth enamel.
Avoid sugary foods and beverages. However, if you choose to indulge, take them with meals, so the extra saliva produced while eating will help sweep away the sugars. After eating, rinse your mouth with water to ensure no sugars stick around your mouth.
Smoking or chewing tobacco
Tobacco products are detrimental to your dental health. They can stain your teeth, cause tooth decay, gum, and periodontal disease, and even lead to teeth loss. They can also cause lips, tongue, or mouth cancer.
Consult your dentist to help create a plan to quit tobacco product use and save your dental health.
Drinking coffee, wine, and other alcohol
Coffee and red wine are notoriously known for staining teeth. The acid in red wine and other alcoholic beverages will eat away at your enamel and make them vulnerable to staining. Fortunately, you can undo the staining by brushing regularly or using various teeth whitening methods.
Talk to your dentist if you notice any significant discoloration of your teeth.
Eating late at night and snacking all day
Snacking all day, especially on sugary drinks and foods, puts you at a higher risk for sensitive gums and cavities. The cavity-causing bacteria feast on leftover food particles in your mouth and produce an acid that wears down your teeth’s outer shell.
Saliva production slows down significantly while you sleep. So, eating late at night means you don’t have enough time to wash away the leftover food particles with your saliva before going to bed.
Grinding and clenching your teeth
Stress can make you develop a habit of grinding and clenching your teeth, often without realizing it. However, this habit can lead to cracking or chipping of your teeth, as well as jaw pain and muscle tenderness.
Find productive ways of handling stress like relaxation exercises, counseling, or deep breathing to combat this issue. Reducing your alcohol and caffeine intake and wearing a mouthguard can also help.
Not seeing your dentist for regular checkups
Even if you avoid poor oral habits, you still need to visit your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings. Your dentists can suggest ways to maintain your oral health and help you stay on top of any potential dental issues.
General Dentistry in Charlotte, Matthews, Mallard Creek, and Wesley Chapel, NC
If you’ve fallen victim to any of the habits listed above, decide to leave it behind and start afresh with good oral habits. This may seem like a daunting task, but you can easily do it by taking one small decision at a time. Visiting your dentist is an excellent place to start and make a huge positive impact on your oral health.
Here at LandMark Dentistry, we focus on prevention and comprehensive care in Charlotte, Matthews, Mallard Creek, and Wesley Chapel and can help you establish healthy oral care habits. Whether you need a routine cleaning, restorative dentistry, or emergency dental service, we offer all the services you need to maintain a healthy smile. Call us today to discuss your oral health concerns, and schedule a consultation with our office to save your teeth. | <urn:uuid:63a16508-1a8c-46f3-b52b-5ec23c762986> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://thelandmarksmile.com/save-your-teeth-10-habits-to-stop-in-2022-for-better-oral-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494826.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230126210844-20230127000844-00769.warc.gz | en | 0.934891 | 1,297 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Nestled among white-sand beaches and brightly colored resorts, the mangrove swamps along Mexico’s Yucatán coast are a paradise for birds and the people who enjoy watching them. The densely wooded swamps, located along a major avian migration route, offer safe haven to the millions of birds that make fraught intercontinental flights between the Americas each year.
My guide to this flyway rest stop, Luis Salinas-Peba, is a soft-spoken scientist at the local campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. A botanist by training, Salinas-Peba is also a master of bird identification who can name just about every species we see and hear packed among the mangroves. The mix of long-distance migrants and local species is dazzling: Blue-winged teals from Canada cross paths with endemic Yucatán wrens. Towering pink flamingos mingle with teacup-size hummingbirds.
The air pulsates with the guttural alarm cries of cormorants, which get louder and more insistent as our tiny boat glides closer to their nests. Several of the sleek black birds suddenly launch into the sky, pulling my gaze upward and my thoughts toward the past, when a visitor from space 66 million years ago turned a primeval paradise into a burning apocalypse.
THE YEAR OF THE BIRD
In 1918 Congress passed the Migratory Bird Treaty Act to protect birds from wanton killing. To celebrate the centennial, National Geographic is partnering with the National Audubon Society, BirdLife International, and the Cornell Lab of Ornithology to declare 2018 the Year of the Bird. Sign the pledge to find out this month's action and share your actions using #BirdYourWorld to increase your impact.
Roughly 30 miles to the east of this mangrove swamp sits Chicxulub Puerto, a calm seaside village at the center of an immense impact crater that stretches into the Gulf of Mexico. The ever shifting earth has softened the crater rim, which today is only visible using advanced satellite sensing. But its footprint on the planet tells an incredible tale. On one infamous day in the late Cretaceous period, an asteroid the size of a mountain slammed into what is now the Yucatán coast, gouging the earth and setting off a series of catastrophic events. Vaporized rock and noxious gases choked the atmosphere, forests were obliterated across the globe, and temperatures fluctuated dramatically. The impact and its aftermath ended the reign of the dinosaurs, wiping out a group of creatures that had ruled the planet for 135 million years.
Ask just about any paleontologist, and he or she will tell you that life found a way and that some dinosaurs survived the mass extinction. That’s because today’s birds are the last remaining twig on an otherwise demolished dinosaur family tree, grown from fierce predators and sculpted by evolution into an array of flapping, feathery fowl.
“There is no doubt that birds are dinosaurs,” says Luis Chiappe, director of the Dinosaur Institute at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. “The evidence is so overwhelming, I would put it next to whether you’re going to question if humans are primates.”
In the hellscape left by the asteroid, what gave the ancestors of modern birds an edge over their Cretaceous cousins? It’s a tough nut to crack, given how rare birds are in the fossil record. But some exceptional discoveries over the past dozen years, coupled with advances in genetic analysis, are starting to reveal how the Chicxulub impact shaped the modern-bird origin story. That, in turn, is offering some of the first plausible clues to how birds made it through the cataclysm and exploded into the more than 10,000 species that exist today.
The oldest known root on the bird family tree is the raven-size Archaeopteryx, a 150-million-year-old animal that bore a telling mix of attributes. While all of today’s birds are toothless, Archaeopteryx had jaws bristling with sharp teeth. It sported claws on its front limbs and a long, bony tail. These traits are lost in birds and instead reveal close ties to its more reptilian cousins, such as the Velociraptors of Jurassic Park fame. But Archaeopteryx had characteristics of modern birds too. Its fossils show prominent wings covered in aerodynamic feathers and a wishbone not unlike one plucked out of a chicken dinner.
Not long after its discovery in the 1860s, the species was hailed as a clear transitional step between dinosaurs and birds. But few new fossils emerged to fill in the evolutionary gaps, and details about its ancestors and descendants remained murky for decades.
That finally changed in 1996, when scientists unveiled the first known fossil of a feathered dinosaur unrelated to birds. Dating back nearly 130 million years, Sinosauropteryx prima was a game changer among the dozens of spectacular species being mined from early Cretaceous rock formations in China, mainly in Liaoning Province. There, primordial lakes and active volcanoes had created all the right conditions for exquisite fossil preservation. The result is a menagerie of non-avian dinosaurs and their primitive bird contemporaries, often accompanied by feathers, scales, and skin that are sometimes so detailed they even retain traces of pigment. Like Archaeopteryx, many of these animals are surreal mash-ups between the standard notion of a modern bird and classic images of a predatory dinosaur.
With feathers dark as an oil slick, the non-avian dinosaur Microraptor gui probably glided between branches using stiff feathers on all four of its limbs. Nearby, the primitive bird Longipteryx chaoyangensis was flitting along waterways, snapping up fish with its reptilian, tooth-studded jaws. And Anchiornis huxleyi, a charcoal-hued dinosaur with a crown of rusty fluff, was stalking the forest floor like a goth pheasant, unable to truly fly because of its stubby, three-clawed wings.
“If you didn’t see the fossils themselves, you wouldn’t think these things existed,” says Shannon Hackett, a bird curator at the Field Museum in Chicago.
Despite this bounty of finds from Liaoning, paleontologists still faced gaps in the fossil record, which they sometimes tried to fill based on patchy data from mere fragments of bone. Some DNA work put the origin of modern birds deep in the Cretaceous, with many of the avian groups that exist today springing up very early in the time line. This implied a tale of mega survivorship, with a bunch of modern bird ancestors somehow making it through the mass extinction in one giant flock.
Other experts argued that all birds living before the cataclysm were of the more primitive persuasion, like the ones whose fossils were found in China. Under that theory, a few ancient species survived the impact and gave rise to a “big bang” of modern bird evolution only after the rest of the dinosaurs died.
For years the debate was as contentious as asking whether cheesecake is cake or pie. But in 2005 bones from Antarctica threw an exciting new ingredient into the mix: a bird that lived just before the Chicxulub event and looked stunningly similar to a modern duck.
Julia Clarke at the University of Texas at Austin first described Vegavis iaai based on a fossil dated to around 67 million years ago, just before the asteroid strike. Traditional anatomical analysis and a digital reconstruction of the bones show that Vegavis seems to bear traits in its skeleton that exist only in today’s birds, signs it is indeed part of a modern line. Clarke and her team place it in the same group that includes present-day ducks and geese.
In 2016 they examined a second, more complete skeleton of Vegavis and found that the animal not only looked like a duck, it may have also quacked like a duck. The fossil contains the oldest known example of a vocal organ called a syrinx, a squawk box akin to the ones found in today’s waterfowl.
“Vegavis is easily one of the most important early fossils” for understanding the spread of birds, says Daniel Field, an evolutionary paleobiologist at the University of Bath. This evidence of a modern bird group popping up just before the asteroid’s impact added to a growing need to rethink the polarizing positions on bird evolution that reigned in the 1990s.
Closer looks at fragmentary bones, combined with more advanced methods of genetic backtracking, are fleshing out the story. In a study published in 2015, a team led by Yale University ornithology professor Richard Prum combed through the genes of 198 living bird species and calibrated their results against the latest fossil finds. Their detailed avian family tree suggests that only three modern groups got their start just before the asteroid strike.
The picture emerging now shows animals that looked very much like modern birds, flying and diving and pecking in the shadow of the dinosaurs. A select few made it through the mass extinction, and that’s when birds as we know them really took off.
Kemmerer, Wyoming, is built on bones. About a hundred miles northeast of Salt Lake City as the crow flies, the town sits among crumbling buttes packed with billions of fossils. Known for these riches since the 19th century, the land hosts about a dozen commercial quarries that supply trade shows and gift shops around the world. Whole family dynasties rise and fall and engage in understated rivalries over the discovery, preparation, and sale of animals that died some 52 million years ago.
In the heart of Kemmerer, a couple of doors down from the first store opened by J.C. Penney, Lacey Adams perches on a metal stool at her prep table inside Tynsky’s fossil shop. As her safety glasses pin down parts of her spiky blond hair, Adams uses a compressed air chisel and needles to painstakingly remove the pale rock surrounding tea-brown bones.
“I know offhand what species I’m looking at because of the ridges,” she says, turning a thin slice of stone under the light to reveal otherwise imperceptible bumps. “Like, that one’s obviously Knightia,” a member of the herring family commonly found in the region.
This dry, rugged land is mostly known for its abundant fossil fish. After all, we’re standing in what used to be a massive lake, a subtropical everglade that would have made a South Floridian feel at home. As with the much older wetlands in China, this lake left an entire ecosystem frozen in time, including a valuable collection of ancient birds. Quarry workers and scientists here have unearthed partial bones, stray feathers, and well over a hundred complete bird skeletons. “They’re the best picture we have of how Earth’s biota was recovering after the great extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous,” says Lance Grande, a curator at the Field Museum and my host at the dig site.
Black-billed scythebill (Campylorhamphus falcularius)
Grande has been coming to this paleontological wonderland, prosaically known as Fossil Lake, for more than 40 years. He usually spends a few weeks each summer mining privately held land leased by the Tynskys. The most scientifically valuable finds return with him to Chicago, and the Tynsky family keeps the rest for commercial sale.
For a blistering week in late June I join him up on the butte, where a cadre of enthusiastic high school students and museum volunteers teach me how to lift large slabs out of the earth and check them for signs of past life. About midmorning on one achingly bright day, Grande asks me to pause my sweaty efforts and come see something amazing: A worker from a neighboring quarry has brought us a bird.
Grande has built relationships with several other local families, and they often share their most interesting finds in case he wants to make a purchase on behalf of science; some they donate. During a tour of the town, I happened to see one long-time fossil hunter affably barter his most recent discovery—a stunningly detailed ancient shrimp—for a wad of cash and a copy of Grande’s latest book, simply titled Curators.
This time, though, the potential prize came to us, lovingly displayed from the back of a dusty pickup truck. The animal is only partially uncovered from its limestone tomb, but I can clearly see delicate bones and the impression of a feathered wing. Grande wants a closer look, so we wrap it for transit and race down to the local hospital to get an x-ray. The radiology techs greet us with less surprise than I would have expected—this is clearly not their first fossilized patient. It takes a couple of tries, but by the end of our impromptu visit, Grande is convinced there’s a complete bird skeleton inside the hunk of rock. He’ll later negotiate with its discoverer to buy the fossil for further study.
In this way, many of the birds from the hills around Kemmerer have come to roost in Chicago, held in the display cases and storage rooms of the Field Museum. During a visit to the storied institute a few weeks after our dig, I get a closer look at an early parrot, a perching songbird, and a type of mousebird that have all been recently described by scientists. These remains show that the postimpact ecosystem was an exceptionally diverse aviary. “Every time we find a new bird specimen, one out of two times, it’s something completely new,” Grande says. “It’s pretty exciting.”
The past few years have been a boon to researchers trying to capture an image of bird life recovering after planetwide disaster. In New Mexico, paleontologists recently extracted parts of a different mousebird that lived 62 million years ago. Tsidiiyazhi abini, Navajo for “little morning bird,” is now one of the oldest known avians on this side of the extinction event. It joins a 61-million-year-old giant penguin found recently in New Zealand that looks different from other penguins that lived around the same time.
All these fossils seem to fit with the latest genetic puzzle pieces. A number of papers released in 2014 looked at the full genomes of 48 living bird species and concluded that modern birds saw a rapid boom in diversity soon after the asteroid impact. The 2015 genetics study came to a similar conclusion. Even if the two teams don’t agree on some of the finer details, they each support a picture of survivors making a strong comeback.
“Evolution took tens of millions of years to produce a small dinosaur with wings that could fly by flapping its arms. And then that body plan proved really successful when the asteroid hit,” says Stephen Brusatte, a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh. “Some of those birds made it through, and then, on the other side, there was a whole new world to conquer.”
Fish (Mioplosus labracoides) are the most common finds in the Kemmerer, Wyoming, lake.
The tougher question is why these particular ancestors of modern birds made it through. With more fossils and faster gene sequencing, theories about survivorship abound.
Examining the lifestyles of species that lived before and after the asteroid, Daniel Field and his colleagues think the widespread disappearance of forests may have had something to do with it. In the last days of the Cretaceous, the world as a whole was a warmer, wetter place than it is today. Lush forests were abuzz with all types of exotic birds, including many that might have passed for contemporary species at first glance.
Field’s research is revealing that when the asteroid hit, whole forests disappeared, and the world was plunged into an impact winter. One ancient bird group that didn’t survive was the Enantiornithes. Many of these once abundant birds have feet suited for perching in trees, suggesting they were largely arboreal. So far, not a trace of them has been found beyond the Cretaceous. Instead, the surviving bird species seem to be more at home on scrubland or at sea. All of today’s birds that depend heavily on thickly wooded zones arose well after the mass extinction, around the time forests would have been bouncing back too.
Another attractive notion is that certain birds were better at proliferating in a disaster zone. In 2017 a team led by Gregory Erickson at Florida State University presented evidence that egg-laying, non-avian dinosaurs took months to incubate and hatch their young. Since many modern-style birds generally reproduce quickly and mature in a matter of days or weeks, they might have had a competitive edge over their more reptile-like cousins in the grim aftermath of the asteroid strike.
Depending on whom you ask, smaller bodies, polar adaptations, seed-based diets, and even nest designs may have played roles in determining who lived and who died. Solving the mystery will almost certainly require exhaustive hunts for animals that lived even closer in time to the impact. Ongoing fieldwork in places like South America, New Zealand, and the frosty deserts of Antarctica already hint at fresh discoveries in the near future. And richer genetic clues should flood the field in the coming years. At the China National GeneBank in Shenzhen, scientists are using faster, more precise techniques to churn out drafts of entire genomes for all living bird species by 2020. Their work should help researchers not only to understand living birds but also to match useful traits in fossil animals to those in the animals’ living descendants.
“We’re going to see an explosion in the number of bird genomes,” Clarke says. “It’s going on right now, and it’s amazing, and I love it.”
The most likely answer to the question of survivorship is that it took a suite of characteristics for certain birds to be successful. That’s why it’s important to keep adding evidence and probing each new theory. “These are global, very complex patterns that we’re trying to piece together from more than 60 million years later,” Field says. But “trying to dive into all of those related questions is gradually improving our understanding of survival across one of the most severe mass extinction events in the history of the world.”
Back on the rim of the impact crater, Xavier Chiappa-Carrara, head of the academic unit of the National Autonomous University of Mexico in the Yucatán, is investigating how birds will cope with a more insidious kind of mass extinction. Mexico is home to more than a thousand bird species, and about half of them can be found in the Yucatán. Roughly 220 are migrants, spending the winter in the region or just passing through on their way between hemispheres. Today many of these birds are at risk due to habitat loss.
During our visit to the mangroves, we saw a large, plastic-lined shrimp farm cutting into the coastline. Vacation homes and hotels creep around the edges of the swamp. And all across the peninsula, increasing numbers of people are drawing water from the underground aquifers that support the entire coastal ecosystem. Chiappa-Carrara and his team are now racing to understand how humans are affecting the wildlife.
It’s a familiar refrain around the world. We are changing the environment so quickly, wiping out habitats and altering the climate, it’s like an invisible asteroid hit the planet.
But while the ancient space rock couldn’t have cared less, people can alter the course of this catastrophe, which is why Chiappa-Carrara has hope. He and his colleagues help organize a Yucatán bird festival every year, bringing the wonders of all things feathered to the public. Every year they inspire more visitors to appreciate and protect these survivors from a fallen kingdom—the dinosaurs that still share the land and sea and sky. | <urn:uuid:05067b93-7a7d-4c60-881b-c4f94e0c3e6e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/dinosaurs-survivors-birds-fossils | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494826.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230126210844-20230127000844-00769.warc.gz | en | 0.951206 | 4,248 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Military briefs are designed to present selected information to commanders, staffs and other audiences in a clear, concise and expedient manner. The types of military briefs are dictated by purpose.
What are the 4 types of military briefings?
There are four types of Army briefings: the information briefing, the decision briefing, the mission briefing, and the staff briefing.
How do you present a military brief?
The following format works well for an information briefing.
- INTRODUCTION. Greeting. Use military courtesy, address the person(s) receiving the briefing, and identify yourself. Purpose. …
- BODY. Arrange main ideas in logical sequence. Use visual aids correctly. …
- CLOSE. Ask for questions. Give closing statement.
What are the different types of briefings?
Three basic types of preflight briefings are available to serve your specific needs. These are: Standard Briefing, Abbreviated Briefing, and Outlook Briefing. You should specify to the briefer the type of briefing you want, along with your appropriate background information.
What is the purpose of an information brief?
The purpose of the information briefing is to inform the listener. This briefing deals primarily with facts, not conclusions or recommendations.
What is briefing mean in English?
Definition of briefing
: an act or instance of giving precise instructions or essential information.
How long should a briefing last?
Keep It Brief
A briefing document should be no longer than two pages. It should get directly to the matter of the issue and provide a thorough overview without being lengthy.
How can I be a good briefer?
7 Ways To Actually Be An Effective Briefer
- Know the terrain. …
- Pointer etiquette. …
- Table drop etiquette. …
- Find a happy medium. …
- The ‘ugh’ in ‘uhs. …
- Man down. …
- Just don’t bore me.
What is a staff briefing?
Team briefing is not just about giving information, it’s a forum where employees can come together in their teams to discuss the points being raised and to ask questions, and for their feedback to be recorded and relayed back up the organisation to the appropriate management levels. …
What are the 4 types of army?
The Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force and Coast Guard are the armed forces of the United States. The Army National Guard and the Air National Guard are reserve components of their services and operate in part under state authority.
What is included in decision briefings?
When the briefer is unfamiliar with the problem, what is included in the decision briefing format? All facts and assumptions relevant to the problem, a discussion of alternatives, analysis-based conclusions, and any coordination required. … This is a decision briefing.
How do you call a briefer?
The FAA has established a universal toll-free telephone number for FSSs: 1–800–WX–BRIEF (1–800–992–7433).
What do you say when you call 1800wxbrief?
On the ground: Call 800-WX-BRIEF.
If you don’t have a form, follow this format (see box).
- Aircraft N number or pilot last name.
- Aircraft type.
- Departure airport.
- Proposed departure time.
- Destination airport.
- Estimated time en route.
Who writes policy briefs?
In some of your college writing, you’ve addressed your peers, your professors, or other members of your academic field. Policy briefs are usually created for a more general reader or policy maker who has a stake in the issue that you’re discussing.
Why is policy brief important?
Policy briefs are a key tool to present research and recommendations to a non-specialized audience. They serve as a vehicle for providing evidence-based policy advice to help readers make informed decisions. A strong policy brief distills research findings in plain language and draws clear links to policy initiatives.
Who are policy briefs written for?
A policy brief is a concise summary of an issue that includes the policy options to solve a problem and recommendations on the best option. Policy briefs are typically written for organization leaders, policymakers, and others who are responsible for creating and influencing policy.
How is briefing done?
A briefing is designed to provide information quickly and effectively about an issue. It is often used to influence decisions or offer solutions. Briefings can be delivered as short written documents or presented in person. You should prepare in the same way for both.
What is the difference between brief and debrief?
Brief is a verb as well, meaning “to summarize” or “to give instructions.” This last definition gave rise to debrief, which means “to question or get information from someone.” People are often “briefed,” given instruction, and later “debriefed” on how the instructions were carried out.
Why is service briefing important?
Team briefing provides a channel for delivering clear messages and encouraging open communication. Timely face-to-face communication prevents rumour and the grapevine from gaining credibility. … Briefing develops a shared sense of mission, vision, collective aims and reasons why we’re here.
How do you deliver a briefing?
Establish a Commanding Presence
A steady stance and natural hand gestures are important, as most briefings are delivered from behind a lectern or podium. Speak clearly and articulately so your words are easy to understand. In addition, vary the rate, volume, force and pitch of your voice and delivery.
What should a brief include?
Most creative briefs include the following:
- A short brand statement.
- A brief overview of the campaign’s background and objectives.
- Key challenges that the campaign aims to resolve.
- Target audience for the campaign.
- Chief competitors.
- Primary message describing the brand’s values and market positioning.
How do you write an introduction for a briefing paper?
An Introduction/Issue Section: The introductory paragraph, often titled “Issue,” is by far the most important part of a briefing paper. After reading the very first sentence of a briefing paper, the reader should have a clear idea of the subject and why it is important.
What does a briefing look like?
Usually written in outline format, a briefing paper will seldom exceed two pages in length. Briefing papers provide a summary of an issue, explain a situation that needs correcting, identify any financial implications, and recommend a course of action including arguments for and against the suggested action.
What is an executive briefer?
Act as an intermediary between senior executive leadership requests for information (RFI) and client analysts.
What is a cascade briefing?
At the employee level, a team briefing is a meeting where company-wide or specific employee information is delivered to small teams. … The cascade process starts at the top of an organization with its president or CEO who gives the information to his or her directors.
Who is involved in team briefing?
By formal definition, a team briefing is a type of communication (or meeting) in which the manager and team get together in person to share information, ask questions, and provide feedback.
What military branch goes in first in a war?
The Marine Corps is often first on the ground in combat situations.
What is the highest rank in the Army?
The highest rank attainable in the Army is the five-star General of the Army. Often called a “five-star general”, the rank of General of the Army has historically been reserved for wartime use and is not currently active in the U.S. Army.
What is the Army motto?
The Army motto, “This We’ll Defend,” can be seen in the Army flag and emblem on the scroll above the snake. Today, the motto can be found on the official U.S. Army flag as well as the Department of the Army emblem.
Which are the three 3 C’s of army writing?
Campbell emphasizes ‘Three Cs’ – character, commitment, competence.
Which type of military briefing seeks to obtain an answer to a question or a decision about possible courses of action COAS to be taken?
A decision briefing obtains the answer to a question or a decision on a course of action. The briefer or study of a problem. Decision briefings vary in formality and level of detail depending on the commander’s or decision maker’s knowledge of the subject.
Which is the ideal model’s final step?
The final step in the IDEAL problem-solving model is to look and learn from an attempt to solve a problem.
How do I talk to FSS?
Flight Service stations are serviced a single phone number throughout the continental United States: 1-800- WX-BRIEF. Use this phone number to access any of the services that an FSS provides.
What is an official weather briefing?
For most people, “official briefing” means that the FAA recognizes that the data are current and accurate and that the provider of the briefing keeps a record of the briefing. And FAA continues to cut redundant services and features that pilots aren’t using, such as DUATS, Flight Watch and TIBS.
Is Duats going away?
The DUATS website will be shut down in May. But times change and now, almost 30 years later, DUATS is being shut down on May 16. The official reason is that the contract between the FAA and CSRA (a government contractor that was formerly called CSC) is expiring.
Is 1800wxbrief free?
The enhancement is available to all pilots who have a free online www.1800wxbrief.com account that is linked to a primary phone number. To sign up for an account, simply click Create Account and be sure to enter a Primary Phone Number that our phone systems can associate with your account.
Is ForeFlight a legal weather briefing?
ForeFlight can produce a “legal” weather briefing. Just so long as you have entered an active Leidos/WXBRIEF into the settings menu. 14 CFR Part 91.103 states that you have to obtain and be aware of certain items. Most of them are contained within a standard weather briefing.
What does METAR stand for?
METAR is the international standard code format for hourly surface weather observations which is analogous to the SA coding currently used in the US. The acronym roughly translates from French as Aviation Routine Weather Report.
What are the two types of policy briefs?
Policy briefs are short reports aimed at policy makers. There are two main types of policy briefs: advocacy briefs, which argue for a particular course of action, and objective briefs, which provide balanced information on several policy options.
What is an advocacy brief?
An advocacy brief is a document used to summarize an issue, with specific stances and recommendations on how to fix an existing policy. These briefs allow advocates to effectively educate their stakeholders about existing policies and provide a call to action on an issue.
Where can I publish a policy brief?
Policy Briefs. Policy Briefs will now be published as stand-alone articles on F1000Research. Gearoid O Faolean, Publisher at F1000, introduces the new article type and its importance for bridging the gap between research and policy.
Is a policy brief a report?
A policy brief is a concise summary of a particular issue, the policy options to deal with it, and some recommendations on the best option. It is aimed at government policymakers and others who are interested in formulating or influencing policy. Policy briefs can take different formats.
How do I write a policy brief template?
Tips for writing your policy brief
- Come up with a title for your policy brief that’s memorable to catch the attention of the readers. …
- Create the summary statement of your policy brief. …
- Include the statements and scope of the previous policy. …
- Talk about the significance of providing a solution for the problem.
What is the difference between a policy memo and a policy brief?
A policy memo is typically shorter – often less than 10 pages long and sometimes as short as a single page. A policy brief might be longer – sometimes over 50 pages. | <urn:uuid:9f7ed318-64dc-4662-b616-983b0d959bdf> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://n4vu.com/how-to/what-is-military-briefing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499470.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128023233-20230128053233-00849.warc.gz | en | 0.919015 | 2,592 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Catalan Сatamarans (Patín a vela)
One of the sections of the Maritime Museum of Barcelona is dedicated to traditional Catalan catamarans, called Patín a vela or Patín catalán.
The concept was developed by the Mongé brothers in 1942 as a vessel for "beach" use. The original design consisted of two narrow hulls connected by a solid deck that was driven by two oars. The large width eliminated the risk of capsizing and such a vessel could be handled by a person without special training. Since maneuvering was performed using oars, the inventors did not consider it necessary to provide the ship with a rudder. In practice the boat was bulky and too heavy for one rower and did not gain popularity among water lovers.
Then the authors provided the catamaran with a mast, significantly reduced the width, and replaced the solid deck with cross bars. Thus, the "beach" catamaran turned into a sports vessel, which was quickly appreciated by yachtsmen.
On a Catalan catamaran, there is no false keel or shvert that provides stability, this function is again performed by the yachtsman, keeping the vessel from capsizing with his weight.
Since there was no rudder in this version, maneuvering is performed solely by moving the yachtsman to create the desired angle of inclination. Maneuvering is also helped by the special shape of the sail, which forms a "dovetail" at the base, which allows you to change its plane.
The triangular sail is controlled by a loop that freely slides along a metal arc in the stern of the vessel.
In addition, the lifting and lowering of the sail along the height of the mast is used for control. It is quite difficult to manage such a vessel, so all the control halyards are concentrated in one place. | <urn:uuid:9cc16804-f632-497d-b77a-d391fa158dc4> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://lpsphoto.top/en/marine/barcelona-maritime-museo-racing-catamaran | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499826.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130165437-20230130195437-00129.warc.gz | en | 0.972106 | 392 | 3.203125 | 3 |
|Posted on July 17, 2015 at 7:42 AM|
Please note that today’s info sheet is about the 1-hour screening procedure, not the 3-hour test used to determine whether or not a patient has gestational diabetes.
Image Source: http://babybearbulletin.com/2013/01/28/one-hour-glucose-test/
"The oral glucose challenge test is performed to screen for gestational diabetes. This test involves quickly (within five minutes) drinking a sweetened liquid (called Glucola), which contains 50 grams of glucose. A blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm about 60 minutes after drinking the solution. The blood test measures how the glucose solution was processed by the body."
“The first documented evidence of the effects of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy in the modern era was in 1824, when Bennewitz recorded a case of severe fetal macrosomia [large baby] and stillbirth in a 22 year old multigravida woman in Berlin. She had symptoms of severe hyperglycaemia, but he was only able to estimate this by boiling the urine to dryness. The symptoms disappeared after the delivery. Until the discovery of insulin in 1923 there was no effective treatment for this condition, and the outcome of pregnancy for both mother and fetus was usually disastrous. These adverse effects have been gradually but not completely alleviated by intensive multidisciplinary care from both diabetologist and obstetrician, but complete normalisation of maternal glucose metabolism has not yet been achieved. By the 1940’s it was becoming recognised that lesser degrees of maternal hyperglycaemia were also a risk to pregnancy outcomes, with retrospective studies showing increases perinatal mortality some years before the diagnosis of overt diabetes mellitus. This led to the term ‘prediabetes in pregnancy’, and to poorly defined concepts of ‘temporary’ or ‘latent’ diabetes.”
From Evidence-Based Birth:
“In 1964, O’Sullivan and Mahan proposed that pregnancy changes the metabolism of carbohydrate, and that these changes are different than what happens outside of pregnancy. They published a study with 752 women who took a 100-gram 3-hour glucose test in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. In this study, the researchers tried out different cut-offs for GDM.”
“Now the most common method of screening for gestational diabetes in the United States is the 50-gram, 1-hour glucola test, also called the glucose challenge test. This test was first introduced in 1973. To take glucola test, you eat a normal diet beforehand. Then you drink 50 grams of a glucose polymer solution. One hour later, your blood is drawn to measure the glucose level (O’Sullivan, Mahan et al. 1973). If your blood glucose is 130-140 mg/dL or higher, then you have screened positive for gestational diabetes, and you qualify for a follow-up 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to officially diagnose the condition. The 75-gram and 100-gram OGTTs are the gold-standard for diagnosis of gestational diabetes.”
Quote from American Family Physician:
“Gestational diabetes (GDM) occurs in 5 to 9 percent of pregnancies in the United States and is growing in prevalence. It is a controversial entity, with conflicting guidelines and treatment protocols. Recent studies show that diagnosis and management of this disorder have beneficial effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes, including reduced rates of shoulder dystocia, fractures, nerve palsies, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Diagnosis is made using a sequential model of universal screening with a 50-g one-hour glucose challenge test, followed by a diagnostic 100-g three-hour oral glucose tolerance test for women with a positive screening test.”
*Links for more readingFrom Cochrane Review: Screening for gestational diabetes and subsequent management for improving maternal and infant health
From PubMed: Glucose challenge test for detecting gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.
From the American Diabetes Association: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
From Aviva Romm: Glucose Tolerance Testing in Pregnancy: What you should know
From Birth Without Fear: Gestational Diabetes - To Test or Not To Test
From Birth Without Fear: The Truth About Gestational Diabetes and Why It's Not Your Fault
From Modern Alternative Mama: Healthy Pregnancy Series: Gestational Diabetes Test
*Alternatives to Glucola, aka The Orange Drink
Women who are striving to avoid harmful substances are starting to seek alternatives to the ingredients in Glucola:
Image Source: www.foodbabe.com
From Pub Med:
Jelly Beans offered as an alternative to a fifty-gram glucose beverage for gestational diabetes screening.
Note: a mama seeking to avoid harmful substances could opt for jelly beans with natural ingredients and food-based coloring
From Today's Mama ~ Boston
Combine the following foods to make 50 g of glucose:
From My Green and Natural Pregnancy:
This is one that I have heard talked about in the green living community. Below is the nutrition information for 1 Tablespoon of maple syrup from nutritiondata.com so you can get a general idea. You would have to talk to your care provider about figuring out how “sugars” translate into “glucose” to determine how much you would need to consume in order to substitute maple syrup for the orange drink.
The material included in this blog is for informational purposes only. It is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. The viewer should always consult her or his healthcare provider to determine the appropriateness of the information for their own situation. Krystyna and Bruss Bowman and Bowman House, LLC accept no liability for the content of this site, or for the consequences of any actions taken on the basis of the information provided. This blog contains information about our classes available in Chandler, AZ and Payson, AZ and is not the official website of The Bradley Method®. The views contained in this video and on our blog do not necessarily reflect those of The Bradley Method® or the American Academy of Husband-Coached Childbirth®. | <urn:uuid:291862cb-6e63-4c77-902e-2bc48e4b5615> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://sweetpeabirths.com/apps/blog/show/48411520-info-sheet-oral-glucose-challenge-test | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499966.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209112510-20230209142510-00289.warc.gz | en | 0.911957 | 1,369 | 3.25 | 3 |
HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination Toolkit
This toolkit is a collection of educational exercises to help explore, understand, and challenge stigma and discrimination toward men who have sex with men (MSM).
It uses a participatory approach based on discussion, small group activities, pictures, stories, and other methods to make the learning lively and fun. The aim is to get participants actively involved in thinking about these issues, rather than passively listening to a lecture. Participants learn through sharing ideas, and experience, discussing and analyzing issues, solving problems, and planning how they can take practical action to challenge stigma. This approach fosters a sense of responsibility on the part of participants – the first step toward practical action.
This particular version was adapted for use in Cambodia.
Last modified: March 25, 2019 | <urn:uuid:5167a218-3833-42b4-a22b-3f47c69397db> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://thecompassforsbc.org/sbcc-tools/hiv-related-stigma-and-discrimination-toolkit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499966.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209112510-20230209142510-00289.warc.gz | en | 0.926357 | 167 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Steel is one of the most important materials in our everyday lives and we often take it for granted. It’s strong, durable, and versatile, making it the perfect material for everything from major construction projects to small household items.
From the cars we drive to the buildings we work in, steel plays a vital role. Learn more about this amazing material and why it’s so essential to our way of life. You might be surprised at just how much steel affects your day-to-day life!
Most people don’t give much thought to steel, but it’s actually a very important part of our lives. Steel is a material that is used in a wide range of applications, from construction and infrastructure to manufacturing and even communication. It’s strong, durable and versatile, which makes it an ideal choice for many different purposes.
Here are just some of the ways that steel is used in our everyday lives.
- Construction: Steel is often used in the construction of buildings and other structures. It’s especially common in high-rise buildings and bridges, where its strength is essential.
- Manufacturing: Steel is also widely used in manufacturing. It’s often used to make cars, appliances and other products.
- Communication: Steel plays a role in communication, too. It’s used in the construction of transmission towers and cell phone towers.
These are just some of the ways that steel is used in our everyday lives. As you can see, it’s a very important material that helps to make our world go round!
Steel is one of the most important materials in the cars and transportation industry. It is used to make everything from the frames and bodies of vehicles to the parts that make them run. Steel is strong and durable, making it an ideal material for car parts that need to withstand a lot of wear and tear.
In addition, steel is relatively inexpensive, making it a cost-effective choice for many car manufacturers. As a result, steel plays a vital role in the cars and transportation industry, and its importance is likely to continue for many years to come.
Steel is one of the most important materials used in buildings and construction today. It is strong, durable, and easy to work with, making it an ideal material for a variety of applications. Steel can be used to create both the frame and the exterior of a building, and it is often used in the construction of bridges and other large structures.
In addition, steel is fire resistant and termite proof, making it an ideal material for use in both residential and commercial construction. As a result, it is clear that steel plays a vital role in the building and construction industry. without this versatile material, many of the structures that we rely on every day would simply not be possible.
Steel is a popular choice for cookware and appliances for several reasons. It is an excellent conductor of heat, meaning that it can evenly distribute heat across the surface of the pan. It is also very durable, meaning that it can withstand high temperatures and repeated use.
Additionally, steel is relatively easy to clean, making it a low-maintenance option for busy cooks. Perhaps most importantly, steel is non-reactive, which means that it will not leach chemicals into food. For all these reasons, steel is an ideal material for cookware and appliances.
Steel is one of the most common materials in the world, and it has a wide range of uses. This versatile metal can be found in everything from buildings and bridges to automobiles and aircraft. In fact, it’s estimated that steel products make up more than half of the world’s total manufactured tonnage. But what makes steel so important?
For one thing, steel is extremely strong and durable. It’s also resistant to fire and many chemicals, making it ideal for use in a variety of industries. Steel is also recyclable, meaning that it can be reused over and over again without losing its strength or quality.
In short, steel is an essential material that plays a vital role in our lives. Without it, our world would be a very different place. If you’re interested in buying steel, you can check your local hardware store or contact a steel supplier. Thanks for reading!
To read more on topics like this, check out the Business Tech category | <urn:uuid:fd8963e8-257e-434a-9255-887ca6870ffa> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.voiceoriginals.com/business-tech/the-wonders-of-steel-in-our-everyday-lives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499966.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230209112510-20230209142510-00289.warc.gz | en | 0.956489 | 895 | 3.015625 | 3 |
When the ambient temperature descends below 32°F (0°C) rubber begins to lose its elasticity. As the temperature falls, the rubber continues to lose flexibility and its ability to resist abrasion, impact, and cutting. Eventually, the belt is unable to trough and pass around pulleys. The covers and the rubber between the plies in the carcass also begin to crack. Ultimately, the belt will break because the frozen rubber becomes as brittle as glass.
Abrasion-resistant belts can usually withstand -22 °F to -40°F (-30°C/40°C) Other cover qualities (such as oil or fire) are usually only able to withstand a minimum temperature of -20°C. For temperatures lower than this, conveyors should be fitted with belts specially designed to withstand extreme cold. | <urn:uuid:c20fd7ba-8625-4ae5-aece-ca8df9cecf5c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://fennerdunlopamericas.com/compound-attribute/cold-resistant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203091020-20230203121020-00369.warc.gz | en | 0.955093 | 169 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Nuku Hiva is the largest island in Polynesia. In addition to being the largest among the Marquesas Islands, it is especially famous for its mysterious stone statues. They are scattered throughout the island. Most of them are located in a small village called Temehea Tohua.
Scientists say that all these strange monuments were created in the period from the 11th to the 14th century. It is possible that these statues are the ancient deities of the Nukuhivans. A deeper study of their origin plunges into the extremely interesting history and incredibly rich culture of Nuku Hiva, revealing a lot of secrets.
The legend of the origin of Nuku Hiva
The Nukuhivans, like any nation, have their own legends about who they are and where they came from. These stories tell how the supreme deity Ono once decided to please his beloved wife. He said that in just one day, he would create for her the most beautiful home on Earth.
He collected mountains of stones and Earth, and poured out of them into the Marquesas Islands. Each island is some part of this house. Nuku Hiva, for example, is a rooftop. Wa Huka, one of the islands near Nuku Hiva, is the remains of materials left after the completion of the majestic creation of the god Ono.
Historians claim that the first people appeared on the island two millennia ago. They arrived here from western Polynesia, in particular from the island of Samoa. In ancient times, Nuku Hiva was divided into two separate provinces: Te Li and Tai Pi. At first, almost 100,000 people lived here.
In such a limited space, this made it difficult both to obtain food and build housing. The main food items were fish and fruits. Many believe that due to the lack of food, cannibalism flourished on the islands, but historians have not found confirmation of this.
Nuku Hiva has existed and flourished for many centuries. In 1595, the Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendaña de Neira arrived here. Two centuries later, the famous James Cook visited the island. After that, Nuku Hiva became famous in Europe. Commerce, shipping, and whaling began to develop.
After the arrival of Europeans, epidemics of various diseases began to rage on the islands, especially typhoid fever. Because of this, the population decreased in a short time by almost 90%! At the end of the 19th century, the French government became concerned about the preservation of the indigenous population. Thanks to medical care and appropriate vaccinations, the complete extinction of the Nukukhivans was stopped. In the middle of the 20th century, France declared Polynesia its an overseas colony.
This allowed the Polynesians to elect their representatives to both the French National Assembly and the French Senate. Of course, this did not make any special changes to the French government. Nukuhivans strive for independence but, at the same time, do not want to lose touch with France. Compared to the past, the population has been greatly reduced. In 2017, the population of Nuku Hiva was approximately 3,210.
Modern Polynesian paradise
Nuku Hiva boasts a very lush landscape. The island has incredibly luxurious vegetation, golden sandy beaches, cozy bays, and beautiful valleys. Each side of the island has its own unique topography. In the north are deep bays, and in the east are most of the villages and marinas for boats. In the center of Nuku Hiva, there are plateaus that serve as local pastures for grazing. The main source of freshwater is the Waipo Falls. This is the largest waterfall in Polynesia.
Modern Nukuhivans live off natural resources and tourism. The food consists of a variety of fruits and vegetables. Of the cereals, it is mainly rice, but wheat is also present, from which French bread is baked. Meat is also available, but it is limited mainly to goat meat on the menu. Much more fish is consumed.
Throughout the island, there are ancient stone statues of a very strange look. In ancient times, here, as in many places on the globe, they worshiped numerous pagan deities. Now Nukuhivans are mostly Christians. It is clear that Christianity was brought to the island by European missionaries. Nuku Hiva has a lot of temples. The largest and most famous is the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Marquesas Islands. The church is located near the capital of the island, Taiohae.
Mysterious statues of Nuku Hiva: deities or aliens from other worlds?
Since the beginning of the 20th century, archaeologists have begun to carefully study the mysterious stone sculptures of Nuku Khiva. Experts wanted to know more about the ancient roots of the island. In the course of research and excavations, they were able to understand when and where the first people arrived here. They were Western Polynesians who came here around 150 BC. Scientists also discovered that the main occupation of the ancient Nukuhivans was the manufacture of pottery and stone processing.
The ancient statues of Nuku Hiva are in remarkably excellent condition considering they were probably created around the 11th century. The sculptures have been preserved to the smallest detail, they have few chips and cracks. This speaks of the skillful craftsmanship of the ancient Nukuhivans. The sculptures are made from a mixture of red clay and volcanic rock. All this is still present on the island in fairly large quantities.
All statues are completely different. They depict various living beings. A feature of these monuments is that they all have some similar features: large heads, giant eyes, squat bodies, and short limbs. Some of them are carved in traditional clothing, while others are completely absent. Perhaps this is a different artistic style, or perhaps the effect of time and weather conditions.
The largest sculpture was named after the island – Nuku Hiva. The locals call these monuments tiki. Each of them serves a specific purpose. Some are meant to heal and bless. Others can give wisdom or help in love. There are those that are considered beings-protectors. They are designed to protect the island from military aggression from outside.
Ufologists, of course, argue that these monuments are evidence of the contact of the Nukukhivans with aliens. In their opinion, small reptilian bodies with large eyes can only belong to aliens from other planets. They even claim that the clothing carved on the statues is actually a spacesuit.
However, historians say it is far more likely that they simply represent a particular and prevalent art style at the time. This is supported by similar stone statues of deities found around the world in dozens of other ancient cultures with similar proportions. Few people worship them today. They believe that statues can grant wishes if treated with due respect.
Save Nuku Hiva
Excavations are still ongoing in Nuku Hiva. Scientists are eager to learn as much as possible about the fantastically rich ancient culture of the island. Constantly, archaeologists discover more and more new monuments, experts complement the already rich history of the island. The island authorities are also giving great support for further preserving and protecting the discoveries made during these excavations, especially the ancient stone deities found.
Last year, the authorities of the Marquesas Islands applied for the inclusion of Nuku Hiva in the UNESCO World Heritage List. This angered the locals. They believe that they can take care of their cultural heritage themselves. In addition, many sculptures are found in Polynesian communities that do not want the government to stick its nose into their lands. Some natives think that France wants to establish the islands as part of the French heritage in taking such a step.
According to the locals, this is unacceptable because they existed long before the Europeans came here, and France established its power.
Despite this, all parties agree that the statues of Nuku Hiva are an incredibly important aspect of the culture of the Marquesas, and they need to be protected. Culture must be preserved for future generations. This is a precious heritage and should not be allowed to disappear from the face of the Earth. Archaeologists are constantly trying to reveal the secrets of history. | <urn:uuid:ebf7abfe-654b-4d28-a511-9c6cd9c80531> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://afrinik.com/mysterious-alien-stone-statues-of-nuku-hiva-on-an-island-in-polynesia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500140.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204142302-20230204172302-00449.warc.gz | en | 0.972332 | 1,706 | 3.125 | 3 |
What is torticollis?
Torticollis, also known as wryneck or twisted neck, is a twisting of the neck that causes the head to rotate and tilt at an odd angle.
What causes torticollis?
The exact cause of torticollis is unknown.
Congenital muscular torticollis is a condition you are born with. It's more likely to happen in firstborn children. This may also be accompanied by a congenital hip dislocation. The cause is likely from the baby’s position in the uterus which leads to injury to the neck muscles.
Acquired torticollis may be caused by irritation to the cervical ligaments from a viral infection, injury, or vigorous movement. Additional causes may include:
- Sleeping in an awkward position
- Neck muscle injury at birth
- Burn injury
- Any injury that causes heavy scarring and skin or muscle shrinkage
- Neck muscle spasm
Torticollis may also be a condition that results from the following:
- Slipped facets (2 small joints on the side of the spine)
- Herniated disk
- Viral or bacterial infection
What are the symptoms of torticollis?
The following are the most common symptoms of torticollis. However, each person may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- Neck muscle pain or pain down the spine
- Head tilts to one side
- Inability to turn the head, usually holding it twisted to one side
- Spasm of the neck muscles
- Awkward position of the chin
The symptoms of torticollis may look like other conditions and medical problems. Always talk with your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
How is torticollis diagnosed?
Diagnosis of torticollis usually is confirmed with a medical history and physical exam. X-rays may also be needed.
How it torticollis treated?
Treatment may include:
- Neck collar
- Heat therapy
- Ultrasound therapy
- Physical therapy
When should I call my healthcare provider?
If your symptoms have not improved within the time frame suggested by your healthcare provider, you should let them know. Also, if your symptoms get worse or you get new symptoms, tell your healthcare provider.
Key points about torticollis
- It's a twisting of the neck that causes the head to rotate and tilt at an odd angle.
- The exact cause is unknown. It can be congenital or acquired.
- Diagnosis is usually confirmed by history and physical exam.
Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:
- Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
- Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
- Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
- At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.
- Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
- Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
- Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
- Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
- If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
- Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions. | <urn:uuid:5a7114ff-5330-46f7-b357-9bbbcc197099> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://lluh.org/conditions/torticollis-wryneck | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500140.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204142302-20230204172302-00449.warc.gz | en | 0.929484 | 770 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Since August 2020, 122 solar panels installed on the roof of the nursery and primary school ‘Nos Bambins’ in Ganshoren have been making the most of the sunshine. The school's large roof generates more solar power than the school consumes, especially in the summer months and during weekends. The NPO APERe (Association pour la Promotion des Energies Renouvables) and Brussels grid operator Sibelga selected the school as a test location to set up a local energy community. Many neighbours do not own their home and cannot afford to install solar panels on their roof. There are also power surpluses, such as during weekends and the summer holiday. Combining supply and demand and sharing electricity ensures that more people can enjoy the benefits of renewable energy.
An energy community was established to share the power, consisting of six neighbours, who are private individuals (one of whom also generates power) and the municipality, which supplies its surrounding facilities with the renewable power. Buildings with complementary consumption profiles are ideal. The fair distribution of power between the members and the development of a new finance model takes place under the guidance of APERe. Local power is cheaper because only a small part of the electricity grid is used. This results in a lower tariff than the usual grid tariff. At the same time, producers can sell their power locally at a slightly higher tariff than they would receive if they fed it back into the grid. What's more, smart electricity meters were installed, which constantly measure the amount of power generated and consumed by the participants.
Legislation has not yet been amended for sharing local power surpluses with neighbours. A few pilot projects like ‘Nos Bambins’ are possible after obtaining permission from Brugel. Work is underway on the legislative framework. What's important about local energy communities is that they do not focus on profit, but also strive for benefits at the social, economic or ecological level. Once it becomes easier to share energy with the neighbourhood, involvement in the transition to renewable energy will also increase.
APERe, Sibelga, Leefmilieu Brussel (Brussels Environment)
organisational form, solidarity, ownership
download / view PDF:
Energy community Nos Bambins explained
Consumers in an energy community buy energy at a lower rate from one or more producers through collective self-consumption. For this purpose, producers and consumers must be jointly represented by a legal entity (the energy community) that signs an agreement with the network operator.
photo: Sibelga, 2019 | <urn:uuid:e7b5d458-aee5-4a6d-97f5-6c126d878646> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://degroteverbouwing.eu/en/building+blocks/nos+bambins/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500288.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205193202-20230205223202-00529.warc.gz | en | 0.956863 | 554 | 2.875 | 3 |
Scientists at Stanford University have created a way to produce thin, stretchable electronic circuits that feature incredibly sensitive pressure sensors. These electronics can one day be wrapped around prosthetic hands to provide a sense of touch or to create wearable electronics for long term body sensing, among many other possible applications. The team’s devices are so sensitive that they can detect the footsteps of a ladybug as it crawls across them.
The team also developed a mass production method, which involves an inkjet printer to draw out the circuits, to stamp out these polymer-based electronics relatively easily and quickly. There are a few layers of recently developed polymers sandwiched together, some of which are particularly flexible, while others carry meshes of wires within them for electrical connectivity, and yet others act as insulators. | <urn:uuid:fb9fa1d0-1589-4169-8105-9e3f8e8c795f> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://news.skinobs.com/en/non-classe-en/highly-compliant-ultra-sensitive-electronic-skin-to-give-prostheses-a-sense-of-touch-via-medgadget/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500288.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205193202-20230205223202-00529.warc.gz | en | 0.950505 | 159 | 3.609375 | 4 |
The human brain generates rhythmic brainwaves, so-called neural oscillations. Different oscillation frequencies are characteristic of different functions and states of consciousness. Neuronal oscillations and motor symptoms are closely related in Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies of PD patients usually show strong oscillations in the beta band (13-35Hz) in the nucleus subthalamicus and other deep brain structures. These oscillation can be modulated by means of deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS is an effective therapy in the treatment of movement disorders such as PD, which aims to improve symptoms by altering nerve cell activity. Whether and how DBS modulates the cortex remains a matter of investigation. By the use of magnetoencephalography, we aim to find out whether it is possible to modulate cortical beta oscillations by means of DBS and whether this modulation has effects on behavior. More specifically, this project is an attempt to impose a new rhythm on cortical beta oscillations by slow, rhythmic DBS. The imposition of an external rhythm is called "entrainment". The project is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. | <urn:uuid:c0d51b02-9a58-4e9b-925c-ed4b4f7323ab> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.uniklinik-duesseldorf.de/en/institute-of-clinical-neuroscience-and-medical-psychology/about-our-research/ag-hirschmann/entrainment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500288.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205193202-20230205223202-00529.warc.gz | en | 0.89246 | 235 | 2.53125 | 3 |
We’re so grateful for Bob’s eye for native fauna at Booyong and Spring was no exception, the birdlife was amazing! One of his discoveries was this mother swamp hen nesting at the edge of the dam.
The Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) is a common medium size bird found in eastern Australia. It transports itself from Australia to New Guinea, New Zealand and throughout the islands of the south-west pacific. The Swamphen are identified by their black/blue colouring and their distinctive red bill and orange red feet.
They are often found in freshwater swamps, streams and marshes and have a loud call that sounds like ‘kee-ow’. The Purple Swamphen eats the soft shoots of reeds and rushes and feeds on small animals like frogs, grasping their food with their long toes. They are also known to steal eggs from other birds like ducks. They are proficient swimmers and like to wander along the edges of water amongst the reed and floating vegetation.
The Purple Swamphen exist in small groups of males and females and more than one male will mate with a female as there are often more males in the group. The role of caring for the young is shared by all family members and a female will have two broods annually.
More Information about the Purple Swamphen can be located at Birds in Backyards | <urn:uuid:c12cb370-ffeb-48fa-9416-b77117d11a9a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://www.booyongconservation.com/purple-swamphens-nest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500719.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208060523-20230208090523-00689.warc.gz | en | 0.978296 | 285 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Last Updated on January 14, 2022 Posted by Colonial Acres Coins
A fractional coin set consists of coins that contain one ounce or less of a precious metal. In this case, the set contains coins ranging from a Canadian silver dollar, containing one-twentieth of an ounce of silver, up to a coin with a five-dollar face value. The Royal Canadian Mint produces a fractional proof coin set every year, each with its own theme. For 2022, the obverse features a previous effigy of Her Majesty wearing the magnificent Diamond Diadem, while the reverse features a maple leaf motif as a symbol of Canada.
What Is the Significance of the Diamond Diadem?
The Diamond Diadem was ordered from Rundells in 1820 for the coronation of George IV. The crown was completed in May 1820, and the coronation took place in June the following year, delayed by parliamentary proceedings involving Caroline of Brunswick, the king’s estranged wife. King George wore it during the walking procession to Westminster Abbey and at the ceremonies at Westminster Hall, paired with a “Spanish” hat made of velvet.
While it is unclear who exactly designed the crown, credit usually goes to the chief designer at Rundells, Philip Liebart. The design incorporates symbols of the three countries of the British Isles: A cross for England, a thistle for Scotland, and a shamrock for Ireland. The most notable jewel in the crown is a pale yellow brilliant in the centre of the front cross, weighing four carats. The crown contains 1,332 other diamonds, as well as pearls edging the band. Some of the diamonds were hire stones that should have been returned after the ceremony. The reason why they were not returned remains a mystery, as no record of King George purchasing the stones exists. He may have exchanged some old stones for the others in a discreet barter transaction.
Starting with Queen Adelaide, the consort of King George’s successor William IV, the crown was worn more often by queens. The regnant Queen Victoria had her portrait painted wearing the crown, and Queen Elizabeth II traditionally wears it on the occasion of the State Opening of Parliament when travelling to and fro.
What Is Significant About the Designs of the Coin?
The effigy of Her Majesty wearing the Diamond Diadem featured on Canadian circulation coins from 1990 to 2002. It was the first effigy to be designed by a Canadian artist, Dora de Pédery-Hunt. It has been revived to grace the obverse of each proof coin in this collectable fractional set. The reverse design also features an important Canadian symbol: the Acer saccharum, more commonly known as the sugar maple. The artist responsible for the reverse design is Nathalie Lagacé, and the design features two maple leaves in opposition to each other combined with three pairs of winged seeds, also known as samaras.
While all five coins in this set bear the same designs on the obverse and reverse, the Canadian silver dollar receives a little extra sparkle. Continuing the theme of the Diamond Diadem from the obverse, the $5 coin is further enhanced with fine diamond particles precisely applied using the glitter technology method, a technique familiar to collectors of the Glistening North coins released by the RCM in 2017. The reverse proof finish of the coins allows the engraved art of each to shine against the frosted background.
Find Canadian Silver Dollar Sets and Other Collectable Coins at Colonial Acres
A Canadian proof coin set’s value depends on many different factors. This set pays tribute to a concrete symbol of Queen Elizabeth’s long reign. At the same time, each design reflects a sense of Canadian pride in ways that are both obvious and subtle. By virtue of its composition, condition and history, each proof coin has worth beyond its face value, making coin sets excellent gifts for other people or additions to your own collection. This is the first complete set available from the Royal Canadian Mint for 2022, and you can look for it at Colonial Acres Coins. | <urn:uuid:215fec21-c762-4422-9521-6b031f61e7e0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://blog.colonialacres.com/2022-radiant-crown-silver-coin-fractional-set/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500719.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208060523-20230208090523-00689.warc.gz | en | 0.951044 | 835 | 2.828125 | 3 |
With teachers banned from striking their students...Is indirect corporal punishment right?
Punishment in the classroom
Indirect corporal punishment, such as push-ups, squats and laps, is permitted in elementary, middle and high schools under a law revised in March. The revision came after the Ministry of Education banned traditional corporal punishment. It is a compromise measure between traditionalists and progressives after the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education moved to ban all forms of physical punishment, direct or indirect.
The new rules are not without controversy. On the left of the political spectrum, education offices in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province, and North Jeolla Province oppose the punishment, arguing that it infringes on students’ human rights. The four offices banned all forms of physical punishment in defiance of the Education Ministry. The National Human Rights Commission has also condemned the acceptance of indirect corporal punishment, which it argues is too ambiguously defined.
Others, including the Korean Federation of Teachers’ Associations, the country’s largest teachers’ union, argue that some form of physical punishment is necessary to maintain discipline in the classroom.
The issue was reignited this week when a teacher in Gyeonggi Province was reprimanded by the provincial office of education for ordering two disruptive students to do push-ups. The disciplinary action caused outrage among some teachers and parents, with the KFTA vowing legal action if the sanctions against the teacher are not dropped.
Yes: We must protect students’ right to learn
Before starting our debate we want to make sure that we don’t include kicking or hitting students, which is violence, not corporal punishment. Violence is not just banned at schools but punished as a criminal offence by law. This debate also doesn’t include non-educational or emotional punishment, and takes into account the procedure of not using the teacher’s body or other materials, which is already banned.
The Korean Federation of Teachers’ Associations thinks protecting the rights of students is essential in education. We dream of a school society without need for any kind of corporal punishment, including indirect physical punishment. But there are reasons we say “no” to the banning of indirect physical punishment at this time.
The first reason is that this motion limits the teachers’ guidance, ending up in violation of the majority of students’ right to education, because teachers can’t restrict the actions of the minority of students who disrupt class. The term “corporal punishment” used in some provincial education offices, which has led to the motion to ban indirect corporal punishment means “any kind of punishment including physical pain.” It is a broader term than we usually think of when we talk about corporal punishment, as students can insist that they feel physical pain in far more situations than common sense would indicate. In this case teachers can’t even order students to stand up, if they insist it is painful. This means a limitation in guidance, as we don’t yet have enough alternative methods. Suspension was recently imported when the “Enforcement Decree of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act” was recently revised banning all direct corporal punishment. But we don’t have procedures like retention or expulsion (in elementary or middle school). And we even don’t have the usual guidance methods used in other countries, such as detention. Thus, KFTA requests alternative guidance methods by social agreement before all indirect corporal punishment is banned.
Second, we must remember that the classroom is not a scene where the teacher and student meet one-to-one. In Korea we have about ten more students in a class on average than other OECD nations (in 2009, Korean elementary schools had 31 and middle schools, 35.6. The OECD average for elementary schools was 21.4, middle schools, 23.9). We need effective guidance methods to protect the educational rights of the students. If we had about twenty students in one classroom it would be much easier to control the class and to approach and educate each student individually. So if the government or the provincial educational offices really want to ban all corporal punishment, they should spend money on employing enough teachers to reach the classroom numbers of the rest of the OECD, instead of wasting it in vote-catching populist policies proposed by political parties.
The third reason is that the decree regulates how schools provide discipline. Every school has a different environment and members. So each school must have the authority to decide how policies will be adopted because each school is different. Giving schools the authority to decide their own student discipline plans is one method to meet the needs of students and parents.
One more reason is that KFTA members are law-abiding citizens. As teachers instructing students to obey the law as democratic citizens of a constitutional state, we must show a good model of obeying the law by abiding by the enforcement decree. Even if there are problems in the decree, we should try to revise it, not violate it. If a student is hurt by severe indirect corporal punishment it can be handled by existing law. There is no justification for violating the law. We demand the superintendents of educational offices trying to violate the act and enforcement decree to abide by the law.
We do not want to cause students pain by corporal punishment. We love our students, so we want to protect their educational rights, to provide a better learning environment with fewer students per class and regulations that fit every unique school, and to be good examples of law-abiding citizens for them. So our opinion is that the total banning of indirect corporal punishment must be promoted after preparing the environment such as with guidance methods, enough teachers, school autonomy and the revision of the enforcement decree.
By Jung Un-soo
The writer is international coordinator for the Korean Federation of Teachers’ Associations. ― Ed.
No: Laps and pushups are dehumanizing
“Indirect corporal punishment” is actually an oxymoron. The terminology was invented to circumvent people’s concerns that “direct corporal punishment” infringes on students’ human rights and should be prohibited in schools. It tries to conceal the fact that what violates the universal norm for human rights is the corporal punishment itself, not its method. Whether the physical pain comes from canning or paddling, or from running laps or tens of push-ups, any disciplinary practice based on such pain dehumanizes and objectifies the students, as seen in the history of slavery.
This is why the U.N. Committee on the Rights of the Child has strongly asserted “States’ obligation to prohibit and eliminate all corporal punishment and all other cruel or degrading forms of punishment.” The committee emphasized that such punishment would humiliate the students infringing their human dignity and physical integrity. The committee dismissed the assertion that some level of “reasonable” corporal punishment could serve the “best interests” of the child: it held that the child’s “best interests” should be considered in all actions concerning children and the primary concern should be to protect children from all forms of violence and humiliation.
When the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology revised the Enforcement Ordinance for the Primary and Secondary Education Act to abolish any kind of corporal punishment at the end of last year, it happened in accordance with such a universal application of children’s rights. The Ordinance forbids schoolmasters from exercising disciplinary measures which may cause “any physical pain” to the student. In fact, the Ministry had tried to permit “indirect corporal punishment” and released a preliminary announcement of the revision bill with corresponding clauses in advance. But, facing tremendous and vehement criticism of the bill in civil society, it had to give up the bill and the underlying intention to make the debate on corporal punishment a political issue, which could be effectively manipulated to attack so called “progressive superintendents of education.”
Apparently, some advantages of such punishment are that it is indispensable under such poor conditions for schools, as teachers are compelled to teach big classes with limited resources. They add that the prohibition of corporal punishment would deprive teachers of their power to handle deviant students, who may disturb other students’ study or defy their teachers. But such contentions hide the fact that most civilized countries have abolished it; they ignore the truth that it has long been proved that such punishment is ineffective in educating children; and, they turn a blind eye to the age-long wisdom that violence does not make peace, but only more violence. Moreover, they conceal that punishment has officially been forbidden in school since the mid-1990s. For nearly 15 years of that prohibition, the Korean educational community has done nothing to develop any civilized method of educating and disciplining disruptive students. How ridiculous it is to say “I can’t teach students without beating them” in such an advanced and democratized society as Korea!
For the present, it may be no use to argue for or against corporal punishment or about whether “indirect” punishment for purely educational purposes, which used to be called “educational punishment,” should be permitted. The answer has been laid down by the Ministry’s Ordinance mentioned above. What is needed today is not efforts to find crude alternatives to corporal punishment. Rather, it is the time to put our heads together and find the most appropriate ways to teach and discipline our children, whose human rights shall not be ditched at the school gate anymore.
“De-regulation” could be the best idea: Simply to relax the rigid regulations on hair style, uniform and dress code, use of mobile phones, club activities and so on will substantially lessen teachers’ workload of disciplining the students. Letting them make their own code of conduct will reduce the considerable number of violations of the rules. Using polite expressions on both sides, teachers and students, is a good way to get rid of verbal abuse in school.
“Due process” of discipline should be established in the corporal punishment-free schools, which means that disciplining the deviant student should not be dumped solely on an individual teacher; it should be the work of the school as a systemic entity of education, which should be backed by the local community. It is not punishing, but counseling, advising, mentoring, and supporting that should be the method of educational discipline.
Punishment can only lead to subordination, not wisdom; corporal punishment can only make humiliation, not humanity, even if it comes with the adjective “indirect.”
By Han Sang-hie
The writer is a professor at Konkuk University Law School. ― Ed. | <urn:uuid:5f710659-13f3-4f0c-ba8d-b868f801e627> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110622000912 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500719.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208060523-20230208090523-00689.warc.gz | en | 0.962328 | 2,216 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The bill to for decommissioning and radioactive waste disposal at Switzerland’s five nuclear power plants is estimated at CHF 20.654 billion ($22.455 billion). This represents a 10% increase since the last estimate in 2006, according to figures from the Swiss Federal Energy Office (SFOE).
The cost estimates, released 24 November, are updated every five years to reflect the state of current knowledge and technological developments. The latest update has been prepared by swissnuclear, a specialist technical section of the Swiss electricity suppliers' organization swisselectric.
The costs are broken down into post-operational costs, plant decommissioning costs and radioactive waste management costs. The largest proportion of the cost is for disposal, which includes the design, construction and operation of a geological repository.
Costs for a five-year post-operational phase immediately after a plant is closed are estimated at CHF 1.709 billion ($1.857 billion), up 2% on the previous estimate. This phase, which includes removal of the fuel elements and decommissioning preparations is funded entirely by plant operators and is not covered by the Swiss decommissioning and nuclear waste management funds.
Decommissioning costs of the five nuclear power stations and the central interim waste management facility in Würenlingen is estimated at CHF 2.974 billion ($3.227 billion). This represents an increase of 17% over the 2006 estimate as it takes into account the higher costs experienced at ongoing decommissioning projects in Germany. The decommissioning costs will be fully covered by the decommissioning fund, which stood at CHF 1.331 billion ($1.444 billion) as of 31 December 2010. The remaining funds will be provided by the nuclear power plant operators and returns on capital.
Disposal costs are the highest at an estimated CHF 15.970 billion ($17.330) in 2011. This estimate includes the costs for design, construction, operation and closure of a geological repository as well as costs for radioactive waste transport, storage containers and reprocessing. The cost estimate has increased by 10% since 2006 to reflect experiences from geological tunneling work and tougher nuclear construction standards, SFOE said. The Swiss waste management fund, which stood at CHF 4.799 billion at end of 2010, will cover just over half of the disposal costs (CHF 8.447 billion). The remaining cost will be paid directly by the operators.
The study has determined provisional operator contributions to the decommissioning and waste management funds between 2012 and 2016. The Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI) will now review the study. The annual contributions to the funds are expected to be finalized by the end of 2012.
The next cost estimate is scheduled for 2016.
Related ArticlesEU to adopt IAEA standards for long-term disposal European funding extension for Bulgarian decommissioning | <urn:uuid:48438f53-4a34-40c6-9902-f96c321bbce0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsswiss-decommissioning-cost-estimate-rises-by-10- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500719.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208060523-20230208090523-00689.warc.gz | en | 0.937107 | 588 | 2.8125 | 3 |
What Is Sound Frequency Therapy?
By Dr. Teresa M. Volner
Sound frequency therapy is similar to music therapy, however instead of relying on your ears and mind to capture the sounds, you rely on your body.
It has been long taught that the nervous system is an electrical system. Research has been challenging that thought and finding the nervous system “sings” as well. It’s very responsive to frequency and vibration. The Niels Bohr School of Physics is proving that nerve impulses could be sound impulses instead of electrical. Communication signals in the nervous system were passing through each other and continuing on their path instead of being interrupted or diverted.
“Danish scientists challenge the accepted scientific views of how nerves function and of how anesthetics work. Their research suggests that action of nerves is based on sound pulses and that anesthetics inhibit their transmission.” (Mar 19, 2007 University of Copenhagen, ‘Action Of Nerves Is Based On Sound Pulses, Anesthetics Research Shows’.)
Sound and vibration is very powerful and has been used for centuries. It can break an eardrum or a glass. Research shows the degradation of a brain and body of a truck driver after many years of vibration from the semi truck they drive. It can vibrate stones out of your kidneys. More controlled sound waves can create images of your abdominal contents, including a beautiful baby growing.
Healing sounds, sound frequency therapy, also known as vibration medicine, is when frequencies and vibrations can cause a healing reaction in your body. It’s another way of waking up the healing properties that already exist in the body.
Are you feeling out of whack or dealing with various body issues?
Are you struggling to regain the stamina and energy you once had?
Maybe the global pandemic has caused your mind and body to lose its strength? Or maybe you just need some relaxation or anxiety reduction?
“This new kind of sound therapy, often called sound healing, has begun to attract a following. Also known as vibration medicine, the practice employs the vibrations of the human voice as well as objects that resonate -- tuning forks, gongs, Tibetan singing bowls -- to go beyond relaxation and stimulate healing.” (S. Rosenbloom 2005)
“An observational study designed to examine the potential effects of a Tibetan singing bowl meditation on mood, tension, anxiety, physical pain, and spiritual well-being was done. A significant difference was found in all endpoints examined in response to the meditation. The reason(s) for the beneficial effects of singing bowls is unclear; however, various theories have been proposed. One theory includes the potential effects of binaural beats in which the brain entrains to the hertz difference between tones played in each ear, propelling the brain into brainwave states of deep relaxation, such as beta waves or even meditative or trance-like brainwave states in theta waves. In addition, potentially the action of sound waves on the purported biofield or energy field of the body could be a factor. Such theories may begin to characterize the potential effects on mood as well as physiological changes associated with singing bowls.” The effects were greater with participants that were naive in relation to singing bowls which shows that knowledge of the item doesn’t increase it’s effectiveness.
Recent research suggests that the sound doesn’t have to be heard to create a reaction in the brain. It touches the body and the cells and nervous system transmit the signal. The body then begins to resonate and create a response.
A researcher, Bruce Tainio of Tainio Technology, built another frequency monitor in 1992. His research on detecting frequencies in the human body led to the measurement of the body’s frequency resonating between 62-72 megahertz during the day. It’s a finding that was measurable.
Here are some frequency comparisons noticed:
Healthy human body is 62-72 MHz.
Human cells can start to change (mutate) when their frequency drops below 62MHz.
58 MHz is the frequency of your body when you have a cold or the flu.
When candida is present within your body, you vibrate at a frequency of 55MHz.
52 MHz is the frequency of a body with Epstein-Barr virus present.
42 MHz is the frequency of a body wherein cancer can appear.
When the death process begins, the frequency has been measured at 20 MHz.
The human body is very complex. When you break it down to it’s smallest parts, smaller than cells, there are atoms that are the blueprint for the cells. Then there are electrons, vortexes of energy at the subatomic level. Einstein said, “Everything is energy, including humans,” and now science is beginning to confirm it.
Ideas behind vibration medicine are what has spurred healthy plant-based eating, probiotics, aromatherapy, and other healthy topics around increasing the body’s vibration levels. Research done by Dr. Edward Bach in the 1930s on flower remedies has been positive in reducing situational anxiety. Bach saw the correlation of vibrations of flowers and deficits in vibration in the body. More research needs to be done to confirm Bach’s findings.
“Royal Raymond Rife (May 16, 1888 – August 5, 1971) was an American inventor and early exponent of high-magnification time-lapse cine-micrography. He is best known for a claimed 'beam ray' invention during the 1930s, which he thought could treat some diseases by ‘devitalizing disease organisms’ through vibration. He built upon the research of Dr. Albert Abrams who experimented with radio waves.” (Wikipedia)
Even though there is little science behind vibration medicine and no expensive large double-blind studies, breakthroughs are occurring all the time as technology advances. We didn’t even know about organelles within cells until a fairly recent discovery by a Belgian scientist, Christian de Duve in 1955.
A new experimental portable device that attaches to the wrist is showing promise in research. Linda Bamber, CEO of a local Kansas City Thermography company called BRAS, has taken 2 years in research to see if there is an effect using frequencies to make physical changes in the body. The low-risk acoustical frequency products promote self-care to maintain or encourage good health. It can also reduce the impact or risk of some chronic diseases and conditions where self-care has been shown to play an important role in improving the quality of life and living well.
The unit is made to fit on the wrist just like a watch. Over 750 programmed effective frequencies are contained in this portable unit. The names of diseases are used in relation to the frequency related to the said disease process. This device is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or medical condition.
The outcomes from Bamber’s research have exceeded expectations. The non-compensated testimonies of those who have been part of the research have been amazing.
Sound wave therapy uses different sound frequencies to correct physical imbalances in the body. The sound waves match various brain wave patterns and correct any abnormal frequencies in the body.
Think of it this way: Everything in the world has a frequency, they all sing “songs,” and sit in an “orchestra”. If you broadcast certain resonant songs to your body, it may strengthen them and correct imbalances. Common types of health problems are no different. There are specific sound frequencies that can target parts of your body and system.
Nora had tinnitus. It’s very common: 15-20% of people have tinnitus. She heard crickets in her ears all the time. There are other therapies that help tinnitus which can take 1-2 years of time and expense, going to visit after visit. Nora had tried them all. She then fastened this new device on her wrist and in 40 minutes nearly 90% of her ‘crickets’ were gone. Nancy and John also tried this new technology and found their tinnitus was diminished 50% within 40 minutes. That is amazing with far less expense and effort.
Bathroom irregularities can be frustrating for some people. Going to the bathroom too many times a day can be concerning. Not going enough can be painful. Within 30 minutes of wearing this new technology on their wrist, Louise, Craig, and Linda all found relief. Louise said she would use this technology again.
When you find a small lump in your breast, most of the time it’s a cyst. If it’s firm, smooth, and round, you shouldn’t be worried, as most breast lumps are not cancerous. Many lumps can actually mimic cancer, which is the tricky part. Between the hours of waiting to get into the doctor and the money you’d spend on co-pays, specialists, and tests, it can make you feel exhausted. Of course, you want to make sure you receive proper testing and take this seriously, but there are other more cost-effective options to take care of your breast lump.
For people like Erin, she chose a less invasive and inexpensive option for addressing the small lump in her breast. The best part is she did it all from the comfort of her home at a significantly lower price point! Erin had “a dense quarter-sized lump” in her breast. “It was so apparent that I was scheduled for a biopsy two weeks from today,” Erin told us. Thankfully, though, Erin tried this new technology on her wrist first before spending hundreds of dollars with her scheduled surgery.
“There is a warm tingle up my arm, shoulder, neck and breast using benign breast lump frequency. After sitting for about 30 minutes, I have to look and push to find it (lump)...I will be canceling my surgery. I am VERY grateful and AMAZED,” Erin said.
THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY is called the WAVWatch.
The WAVwatch is the first sound therapy self-care tool. It’s a wearable watch with modern technology that you place on your wrist. It’s a portable and lightweight device that emits low-wave acoustical frequencies to correct imbalances in your body. This watch is transforming the health and wellness industry by the day!
Sound Frequency Therapy, also known as sound healing, is when low-wave frequencies penetrate cells in the body to correct common imbalances. When you use the watch, it emits sound wave frequencies through your body. It contains 750 frequencies and settings corresponding to common problems and imbalances you may be experiencing.
The WAVwatch uses extremely safe acoustical frequencies that have been measured since the 1920s.
Newer technology has allowed us to add these frequencies to a simple yet sophisticated wrist band.
Studies from Denmark and Belgium are shedding light on the theory that the body’s nerve impulses may not be electrical. The Niels Bohr School of Physics is proving that nerve impulses could be sound impulses instead. This is big news as it aligns with what WAVwatch customers have been seeing and experiencing.
Steps to Using the WAVwatch
Step 1: Set it - This patent-pending technology has over 750 acoustical frequency sets for specific types of joint pain, carpal tunnel, migraines, neuropathy, essential tremors, kidney stones, and many other self-care ideas. Select the frequencies based on your symptoms or what problems you have been diagnosed with in your life.
Step 2: Wear it - Put the WAVwatch on your wrist and choose a sound level that is comfortable for you. Your body absorbs the frequencies for a set time period based on your selection. It uses precisely measured waves and vibrations to help finely tune and balance our bodies.
Step 3: Experience it – The final step is to experience the transformation and healing for yourself. Resonant frequencies create precise oscillations to harmonize your body gently and quietly without disrupting your day. Turn your imbalances and disharmony into harmony with the WAVwatch.
WAVwatch Use Best Practices
When using the WAVwatch, it’s best to keep body movement at a minimum. Try using when you’re relaxing on a couch, driving long distances, or reading a book. You should avoid using the watch when playing sports.
It’s recommended you adjust the band so that it fits snugly on your wrist. You want the speaker on the back to be close to your skin, this way your body can then absorb frequencies better. The sound can be adjusted and doesn’t have to blare at you, but you should set it at a level so you can hear it playing or know when it has shut itself off.
Reasons to Use the WAVwatch & Why Self-Care Matters
It’s hard to function when you’re out of balance or not feeling well. You need to start practicing self-care to ensure you have natural energy and that your mood is stable.
When you take good care of yourself, you’ll be more content and perform better at work, home, and in life. You’ll be less stressed and happier.
Hundreds of people have used the WAVwatch to help stop and even prevent body issues. It’s helped them feel better and improve their mobility across multiple categories.
Conclusion - Use the WAVwatch!
Now is the time to purchase the WAVwatch - it can change your life for the better!
No longer do you have to suffer in agony or due to issues and concerns. You can use the WAVwatch to create more harmony and balance in your life and your body.
There are so many options and frequencies to try because each person has unique needs, and this product understands and meets this reality.
Why experience any further pain and suffering? Purchase the WAVwatch so you can see for yourself what all the hype is about!
Dr. Teresa M. Volner has been helping people find alternative solutions in the Kansas City area for over 13 years.
Located in Overland Park.
Total Care Health Solutions/Total Care Chiropractic/Total Care Market
1. Open Camera On Your Phone 2. Hold It Over FlowCode 3. Tap The Banner That Appears. | <urn:uuid:4ceda0fb-1096-40f5-9482-47a211ac136d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.evolvingmagazine.com/what-is-sound-frequency-therapy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494936.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127033656-20230127063656-00009.warc.gz | en | 0.951058 | 3,019 | 2.53125 | 3 |
STC's Symmetric Stick Puzzles
Symmetric Stick Puzzles
Symmetric Stick Puzzles
Author: Aaron Siegel
Symmetric Stick Puzzles, in which notched or drilled sticks interlock into an assembly governed by principles of polyhedral symmetry, have fascinated puzzle designers for many decades. As in many other areas, it was the pioneering work of Stewart Coffin, beginning with his classic designs Hectix and Locked Nest, that initiated the modern era of such puzzles. Yet although they are based on simple and elegant mathematical principles, symmetric stick puzzles can seem mysterious at first encounter.
This article is a gentle introduction to the geometric principles behind Hectix and Locked Nest (and many other similar puzzles). It will be clearest if you're already at least somewhat familiar with those classic designs; they are discussed in Coffin's books Geometric Puzzle Design and AP-ART.
I learned most of the concepts in this article from George Hart, whose inspirational paper Symmetric Stick Puzzles surveys the area in significantly greater breadth.
The Distorted Cubic Lattice
To understand the basic geometry of Hectix and Locked Nest, start with an arrangement of twelve dowels in a cubic lattice, as shown (viewed from various angles) in the following pictures. We can envision the assembly as the projection of a single dowel under various rotational symmetries of the cube.
The cube has a total of 24 rotational symmetries, but since the dowels themselves are symmetric, each one is generated equivalently by each of two different rotations. This reduces the number of projections from 24 to 12, corresponding to the familiar twelve edges of the cube.
Next, rotate one of the dowels along the perpendicular axis running diagonally (at a 45° angle) through the center of the cube. The following pictures show one of the dowels (highlighted in pink) rotated by 20°, along with a thin line demonstrating the axis of rotation.
Now project that rotation onto each of the twelve dowels via the corresponding rotational symmetry. This produces a distorted figure with 24-fold symmetry. Here's the result of applying a rotation of 10° to all twelve dowels:
Notice how the three dowels surrounding each vertex seem to "pull away" from each other as the angle of rotation increases.
When the angle reaches exactly θ = arctan(√2) (approximately 54.7°), the three dowels surrounding each vertex become parallel, framing an equilateral triangle. Geometrically, the original cube has transformed into a cuboctahedron, the dual of the rhombic dodecahedron. Here are some additional views of the final (angle θ) assembly.
The angle θ is the "canonical angle" of the rhombic tetrahedron, and it features in many of Coffin's designs. Envision a line segment L joining the center of a cube to one of its vertices; then θ is the angle formed between L and an adjacent cube edge.
Now Let's Make Some Puzzles!
Next let's replace the dowels with hexagons and enlarge them to a radius r = 1/√6 (approximately 0.408), where the unit length 1 is the side length of the original cube. Then the hexagonal sticks overlap so that each stick cuts exactly halfway into its neighbor. (In these images, the hexagonal sticks have been beveled slightly so that the images are clearer.)
Elegant interlocking puzzles can be created by notching the sticks in appropriate places. This is the twelve-piece assembly introduced by Stewart Coffin's Hectix and later explored by Bill Cutler, Derek Bosch, and others.
Suppose instead we shrink the radius by half, to r = 1/√24 (approximately 0.204). Then instead of overlapping, the sticks exactly touch.
Now overlay the mirror image of this assembly, using thin dowels instead of hexagonal sticks. The mirror image assembly can be generated using the identical process, but with an angle of -θ instead (that is: rotate the sticks by an angle θ in the opposite direction). The dowels in these pictures have a radius of 0.08, but that is an arbitrary choice.
This is the basic assembly used in Coffin's Locked Nest. Drilling holes in the hex sticks where the dowels go gives the basic building blocks of Locked Nest:
On the left is a single hex stick with appropriate holes drilled; there are five holes, each drilled through a long diameter of the hexagon. The centers of the holes are evenly spaced along the stick, and they progress in a repeating mod-3 pattern at 60° angles to one another.
On the right, one can see an "elbow piece" with dowel attached. Recall that the sticks were originally obtained by rotating a cube's edges by an angle of θ = arctan(√2), and the dowels obtained by a similar rotation of -θ. Therefore the wide angle between the stick and dowel is exactly 2θ (the famous tetrahedral angle), and the acute angle between them is 180-2θ, or approximately 70.5°. This is the angle at which the holes must be drilled in order to obtain the correct geometry for the Locked Nest assembly.
Many variants are possible using the same ideas. Coffin's Cuckoo Nest employs shorter sticks, with three holes drilled at the same 70.5° angle, but in a different pattern (alternating rather than mod-3):
There are an enormous variety of other forms achievable using these ideas. An excellent reference is George Hart's paper Symmetric Stick Puzzles, Proc. Bridges 2011, which is accompanied by Mathematica code for visualizing various symmetric stick assemblies. | <urn:uuid:70f06e28-fdb2-4efc-9df1-9437834dd5e3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.puzzlehub.org/articles/notched-stick-puzzles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494936.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127033656-20230127063656-00009.warc.gz | en | 0.928821 | 1,207 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Preventing Maritime Vessel Explosions – The Role of the Marine Chemist
With advances in technology, increased regulatory requirements for training, and an industry that has been committed to improving working conditions, especially those associated with confined space entry and fire prevention, why are we still seeing maritime related fires and explosions that often include serious injury or loss of life?
Following the First World War, as cargo vessels, particularly tank ships, were being converted to carry larger cargos, the incident rate of fires and explosions during shipbuilding, repair, and conversion began to rise. Vessel owners, shipyard owners, and their insurance underwriters became increasingly concerned over the fire and explosion hazards associated with shipyard employment, and NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) shared their concern. In 1922, NFPA’s Marine Committee adopted a series of standards known as the Regulations Governing Marine Fire Hazards. Appendix A of those regulations addressed the control of gas hazards on vessels during repair activities and would eventually become NFPA 306 (Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels). With the adoption of these requirements, the maritime industry needed people with specific technical knowledge and skills who could ensure that these fire prevention requirements were followed. The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), which establishes and maintains minimum standards for construction and operation of ship and offshore structures, already had a cooperative relationship between ship owners and shipyards, and it agreed to initiate procedures for certifying specialists (then called gas chemists) who would use and essentially enforce the standard on a daily basis. The first 25 gas chemists were certified by ABS in 1922. This arrangement worked for a while, but it was an activity that was outside the ABS mission. By the early 1960s, ABS was seeking a successor to manage the program. That’s when NFPA stepped in. To this day NFPA continues to oversee the Marine Chemist Program through the Marine Field Service and Marine Field Service Advisory Committee (MFSAC).
NFPA’s Marine Field Service reflects the partnership that NFPA has forged with the marine industry and the government, one with a shared goal of eliminating confined space accidents, fires and explosions on vessels during shipbuilding and repair without any expense to a governmental agency. In fact, neither the Marine Field Service nor the Marine Chemist Program would exist without the support of the marine industry. When NFPA’s Marine Field Service was created in 1963, marine industry stakeholders agreed that those who use the services of marine chemists should contribute to the costs of NFPA’s certification program in proportion to their use. A surcharge for every survey completed by a marine chemist is paid into a fund administered by the Marine Gas Hazards Control Program (MGHCP), which is comprised of representatives from the American Bureau of Shipping, the American Petroleum Institute, the American Waterways Operators, the Chamber of Shipping of America, and the Shipbuilders Council of America. The MGHCP fund supports marine chemist training programs and other efforts to continuously improve the program.
Making sure the work can be done safely is the job of NFPA-certificated marine chemists. They safeguard maritime and shipyard workers against a vast array of potentially harmful chemicals and their interactions. Only when a marine chemist has certified an area as safe can entry and hot work proceed. Both the U.S. Coast Guard and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) require a marine chemist certificate before a range of repair tasks can begin. Despite the importance of marine chemists to some of the industry’s most dangerous locations and tasks, the group is virtually unknown to those outside the maritime transportation, shipbuilding, and vessel repair industries. In part, that’s because there are only 97 certificated marine chemists in the country. This tiny group of safety professionals is responsible for overseeing work on thousands of vessels and maritime facilities. Marine chemists can be employees of a shipyard or vessel repair facility, work independently, or belong to a group operating under one business name. Chemists are not restricted to a single port; they can cover a large geographic area and can even fly offshore for work on oil and gas drilling and production platforms. Regardless of how and where they’re employed, marine chemists essentially work on behalf of shipyard employees, the Coast Guard marine inspector, the marine surveyor, and the vessel crewmembers by ensuring that confined spaces meet the requirements of NFPA 306, Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels before entry or hot work proceeds.
This unique collaboration of marine industry representatives started the program, audit the program, maintain the program and pay for the program. It works so well that governmental agencies (OSHA and Coast Guard) wrote it into their regulations. So why are explosions with loss of life continuing to occur on marine vessels? In nearly all the incidents it is because industry is not following the program they created and the regulations that were written as a result of their creation. Only they can prevent the loss of life from these catastrophic incidents, such as the explosion that occurred on a towboat on January 19, 2018 which took three lives and injured 5 others. OSHA regulations were not followed. A Shipyard Competent Person did not test or inspect the area for hot work which should have resulted in a marine chemist being called in as a Competent Person does not have the authority to permit hot work in spaces that contain or have contained flammable or combustible materials. As a result of this lack of initial testing and inspection by trained individuals, fatalities occurred.
Industry must adhere to the processes and requirements that they themselves initiated, or they risk the loss of life.
About the Authors:
This article was authored as a collaborative effort by the Marine Gas Hazards Control Program. The MGHCP is comprised of senior representatives of the shipping industry, shipbuilding and repair and insurance industry.
https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1915 (OSHA Regulations)
https://ecfr.io/Title-46/cfr35_main (USCG Regulations)
http://www.marinechemistassociation.com/Links.asp (Links to helpful explanatory information)
Other stories from November 2018 issue
- The Forward-Facing Coast Guard page: 10
- U.S. Flag Vessel Safety page: 12
- Preventing Maritime Vessel Explosions – The Role of the Marine Chemist page: 16
- Software Solutions: Communicate or Stagnate page: 20
- Joey Farrell: Born to Marine Salvage page: 28
- Work‘bots’: Autonomous Vessels Arrive page: 34
- Shipyards: FMG & its Quest to Build USCG Icebreakers page: 44
- Interview: Admiral Karl Schultz, Commandant, United States Coast Guard page: 46
- Interview: Shuichi Iwanami, Commandant, Japan Coast Guard page: 54
- AET Grows in Brazil page: 60
- Shipyard Report: Abeking & Rasmussen page: 66
- Shipyard Report: Detyens Shipyards page: 70
- Water Backed Welding & Fixing FPSOs page: 74 | <urn:uuid:3344912a-aed4-43df-ba81-d400cd836175> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://magazines.marinelink.com/Magazines/MaritimeReporter/201811/content/preventing-maritime-explosions-543649 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499744.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129144110-20230129174110-00169.warc.gz | en | 0.951302 | 1,471 | 3.25 | 3 |
Crystallography, cryo-EM and AlphaFold: a perfect trio sheds light on key human antibacterial proteins
A team led by Karolinska Institutet has combined Artificial Intelligence (AI) with structural biology to gain insights into two similar proteins that prevent bacterial infection in the urinary tract and the gastrointestinal system. Their results are published in "Nature Structural & Molecular Biology".
"These findings could in principle be explored to develop a decoy alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments. And our structural work explains many human mutations associated with kidney diseases, as well as provides information on a protein region whose interaction with filtered light chains is implicated in cast nephropathy”, says Professor Luca Jovine at the Department of Biosciences and Nutrition and corresponding author of the paper.
Uromodulin (UMOD) is a protein whose filaments play an important role in preventing urinary tract infection, the most common form of non-epidemic bacterial infection that affects about 150 million people per year. It carries a special sugar chain that is not modified like others and remains of high-mannose type. This acts as a decoy by mimicking high-mannose sugar chains on the surface of the urinary tract, to which bacteria would normally attach using a sugar-binding protein called FimH at the tip of their hair-like appendages. Instead, the bacteria bind to the sugar chain of UMOD and are eventually removed through the urine. During recent years, evidence has shown that glycoprotein 2 (GP2), a UMOD-like molecule produced in the pancreas and the intestine, plays a similar role in counteracting bacterial infections in the gastrointestinal system.
“We wanted to determine which sugar chain of GP2 corresponded to the high-mannose chain of UMOD and understand how the proteins manage to keep these sugars ‘special’ so that they act as a bait for bacteria” explains Luca Jovine.
AI positioning itself as a tool in structural biology
In collaboration with Daniele de Sanctis at ESRF synchrotron in Grenoble and Marta Carroni at SciLifeLab in Stockholm, the team managed to collect X-ray crystallographic and cryo-electron microscopy (EM) data on GP2 and UMOD, respectively. However, different technical issues complicated its interpretation. It was at this point that the scientists began a collaboration with DeepMind and the team behind AlphaFold - a machine learning program that attracted significant attention from the structural biology community based on its performance in the 14thCritical Assessment of Structural Prediction competition. It turned out that, although AlphaFold had never “seen” UMOD or GP2 before, its predictions were extremely good. This allowed the team, which also included Bin Wu at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and Nao Yamakawa at Lille University, to both make sense of the GP2 X-ray information and fit low resolution cryo-EM maps of UMOD.
The work revealed that the functionally crucial decoy module of UMOD and GP2 consists of two parts separated by a crevice. Although the sugar chains that bind bacteria are attached to different regions of the GP2 and UMOD sequence, the 3D structures show that, in both cases, their base is positioned within the crevice. This explains how these specific sugar chains are shielded from modification and can thus presented as hooks for fishing pathogenic bacteria (Figure 1). | <urn:uuid:fbe490ef-af25-47b9-b10c-024df45da68c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://news.ki.se/crystallography-cryo-em-and-alphafold-a-perfect-trio-sheds-light-on-key-human-antibacterial | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499829.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130201044-20230130231044-00249.warc.gz | en | 0.944113 | 717 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Defining Course Elements
Found in the Table of Contents at the module level and at the top pages throughout the course, Learning Objectives are student-centered statements of the measurable content, media, and questions for each content area.
Learning objectives help guide learning. Assessments measure learning against these objectives at the end of each module. The Learning Dashboard cards also use the learning objectives to reveal how your students are performing and learning within the course.
Learning objectives in the Table of Contents:
Learning Objectives on a course page:
Formative and Summative Assignments
Formative activities and assignments provide practice and feedback to students as they work through the course. Formative activities are also critical to generating data in the Learning Dashboard.
Formative activities are tagged to learning objectives, which appear on the page.
Students' performance on formative questions generates data on their progress toward achieving that learning objective.
Student data on learning objectives also generate a learning estimate that appears in the instructor's Learning Dashboard. The learning estimate predicts how well a student will perform on a learning objective.
Summative assessments are assignments that assess mastery of material. Scores report to the instructor's Gradebook. | <urn:uuid:fc3039c2-dce9-4842-95ca-5c4eef1a15dd> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://support.acrobatiq.com/hc/en-us/articles/7242194472343-Defining-Course-Elements | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499899.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201013650-20230201043650-00329.warc.gz | en | 0.923274 | 250 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Let's admit it- we all try losing weight at some point in our lives. The primary step towards shedding those extra kilos is controlling what you eat. And when we say diet control, the very first idea that comes to our mind is cutting down on carbohydrate. The world is filled with various fad diets. From keto diet to paleo diet and atkin diet - almost all of these weight loss diets recommend omitting or reducing carbs from your daily meal plan.
How Low-Carb Diet Promotes Weight Loss:
Low-carb diet is all the rage. It restricts consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods like bread, rice, grains, sugary foods, starchy vegetables, different fruits etc. Instead, it allows you to compensate the lost energy with protein and fat. This change in diet pattern keeps you full for long and promote metabolism, which further lead to weight loss. Several evidences have proven low-carb diet to be better for quick weight loss, when compared to low-fat diet.
Although low-carb diet pattern is popular across the globe, doctors and nutritionists warn this may have negative effect on our heart health. Yes, you heard it right!
How Low-Carb Diet Risks Heart-Health:
A study, presented at the European Society of Cardiology (ECC) Congress 2018, found low-carb diet to be unsafe and advised, "This should be avoided for healthy living." As per the researchers, people who consumed low carbohydrate diet were at higher risk of premature death due to stroke, coronary heart disease and cancer. It was found that people with lowest intake of carb had a 32 percent higher risk of all-cause death. Besides, death risk from coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer increased by 51 percent, 50 percent, and 35 percent, respectively.
"Low carbohydrate diets might be useful in the short term to lose weight, lower blood pressure, and improve blood glucose control, but our study suggests that in the long-term they are linked with an increased risk of death from any cause, and deaths due to cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer," stated the researchers.
In another study, presented at the American College of Cardiology's 68th Annual Scientific Session, it was found that people getting lower amount of calories from carbs (like grains, fruits and starchy vegetables) may have significantly increased risk atrial fibrillation - the most common heart rhythm disorder that often lead to stroke or heart failure. Hence, the researchers suggest that low-carb diet to control weight must be recommended cautiously to avoid its negative effects.
Low-carb diet should be avoided for healthy heart
When we asked consultant nutritionist Rupali Datta about the link between low-carb and heart risk, she explained, "There have been some studies on this link. Most of them say that when you remove carb from your diet, you invariably land up adding more fat and protein (especially animal protein). This means, you are anyway adding more saturated fats, cholesterol and removing the healthy fibres, phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals that come along with healthy carbs. The lack of these essential nutrients may lead to several health risks."
Hence, experts suggest, balanced diet is the key to good health. "A low carb diet works differently on different bodies. Most of the weight, which one loses during a low-carb diet is water weight. Fluctuating insulin levels found in many overweight individuals cause the body to retain sodium and water. A high-fat, low-carb diet stabilizes insulin levels, which leads to losing water weight and fat. However, there is a possibility that the body might react poorly to the low-carb intake leading to bloating, dehydration and constipation," stated fitness and nutrition expert Rohit Shelatkar.
"Whether one should increase or decrease their carb intake depends on personal goals, health and lifestyle. The drastic change of moving to a low-carb diet can lead to weight loss, much of which is from water weight and it is short-term in nature. Hence, it is imperative that individuals have a balanced diet filled with carbs, proteins and fats and restrict the number of calories versus the ones burned in a day," he added.
Considering the above factors, we say, balanced and nutritious diet is the key to healthy living.
Eat healthy, stay fit!
About Somdatta SahaExplorer- this is what Somdatta likes to call herself. Be it in terms of food, people or places, all she craves for is to know the unknown. A simple aglio olio pasta or daal-chawal and a good movie can make her day. | <urn:uuid:26aab962-8963-4d70-be1d-d58dcf73a1e8> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://food.ndtv.com/health/low-carb-diet-is-low-carb-weight-loss-diet-good-for-your-heart-heres-what-experts-reveal-2350064 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499967.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202070522-20230202100522-00409.warc.gz | en | 0.953632 | 962 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Nocturnal enuresis (NE), more commonly known as bedwetting, is the involuntary voiding of urine during sleep. When we think of bedwetting, we think of it as a condition mainly confined to children. It is true that that's the group more often associated with nocturnal enuresis; but, as we age bedwetting once again can be a problem for elderly adults. According to Journal Age and Aging, 2.4% of older people 75 years of age or older living at home have nocturnal enuresis. There are any number of causes of bedwetting in elderly adults. At its least, adult bedwetting is embarrassing and inconvenient; at its worst, it can be indicative of a more serious urinary tract problem. To help your health care provider properly determine a reason and perhaps a treatment plan for elderly bedwetting, it is helpful to document the following over a two-day period:
When senior bedwetting is found not to have been caused by any physiological dysfunction of the urinary system, one of the most effective methods of treatment is to use a bedwetting alarm. A bedwetting alarm is a device that will cause the individual to arouse from sleep as soon as a wetness incident starts. There are many such alarms that incorporate vibrating sensations or audible alarms triggered by wet-detection devices that are attached to the underwear or a special pad on top of the bedding. The concept of the alarm treatment uses classic conditioning technique.
Once the individual is awoken by the alarm, he or she should be able to consciously stop the flow of urine, get up and complete urination in the bathroom. Eventually the body is conditioned to awake upon feeling the urge to urinate before having a bedwetting accident. This treatment does take some time to work, many weeks in some individuals, and requires perseverance and commitment. It is most effective when the individual does not have diminished bladder capacity and therefore is awakened many times during the night by the alarm. In the person who has been experiencing just one or two bedwetting episodes at night, the alarms have proven quite effective in helping the user overcome the condition. | <urn:uuid:a5251927-39a5-42a2-90f0-235bc88af470> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.parentgiving.com/elder-care/bedwetting-alarms-improve-continence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499967.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202070522-20230202100522-00409.warc.gz | en | 0.965576 | 443 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Lean vocabulary can be a bit confusing when you are just starting out. Lean is filled with all sorts of terms and words with various meanings. Understanding some of the more popular terminology can be helpful as you work through implementation. May of these terms are used throughout this site, so this is a good place to review them if you want a more complete understanding.
Dictionary of Lean Terms
ABC INVENTORY – Methodology for determining inventory levels based on value, space consumption, and turns. “A” type inventory is very expensive (keep as little on hand as is reasonable so you don’t tie up too much cash in inventory). “B” type inventory is only moderately or middle of the road expensive (minimize this inventory to free up cash also, but if you have a little extra it won’t break the bank). “C” type inventory is fairly inexpensive (if it consumes little space and costs very little don’t lose any sleep over it. That said you should keep this inventory to a reasonable minimum as well).
ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC) – Costing system that identifies various activities performed in a firm and uses multiple cost drivers (non-volume as well as volume based cost drivers) to assign overhead costs (or indirect costs) to products. ABC costing considers impact and relationship of cost drivers with activities performed. Every “widget” you produce was sitting in a building that you are paying for. Therefore every “widget” has cost added to it by virtue of it being in your plant. Consider also the electricity, water, air conditioning, etc., that have an impact on every product you produce.
ABNORMALITY MANAGEMENT — The ability to see and respond to an abnormality (any violation of standard operations) in a timely manner.
ANDON — A visual signal and or audible alarm. Typically, a light mounted on a machine or line to indicate a potential problem or work stoppage. Can also be link disconnected work areas that action is required
AUTONOMATION — English translation of “Jidoka”. Imparting human intelligence to a machine so that it automatically stops when a problem arises. Machines stop autonomously when defects are made, asking for help. Autonomation was pioneered by Sakichi Toyoda with the invention of automatic looms that stopped when a thread broke, allowing an operator to manage many looms without risk of producing large amounts of defective cloth. Autonomation is a pillar of the Toyota production system.
BALANCED PLANT — A plant where all available capacity is balanced exactly to market demand.
BALANCED DISTRIBUTION OF WORK — Designing a process so work can be divided equally among staff to meet takt time. Ideally work can be rebalanced dynamically as improvements are made in the processes or the takt time changes.
BATCH MANUFACTURING – Producing lots or quantities of a product in order to achieve maximum “Economic Order Quantities.”
BATCH PROCESSING – Producing lots of quantities of a product in order to achieve maximum “Economic Order Quantities.”
BENCHMARKING – Comparison tool used to determine level of process, product, or other successes your company is experiencing when compared to similar companies with similar products or processes; typically competitors. Methods include tracking metrics like on-time delivery, defective parts per million produced, wages paid, market share growth and projections, etc.
BOTTLENECK — An area, workstation or process that limits throughput of the entire process (choke point).
CAPACITY – Maximum amount a process, machine, or system can produce.
CELLULAR MANUFACTURING — An alignment of machines in correct process sequence, where operators remain within the cell and materials are presented to them from outside. Generally a horseshoe or U-shaped work area layout that enables workers to easily move from one process to another in close proximity and pass parts between workers with little effort. “Cells” typically focus on production of specific models in “part families” but can be adjusted to many different products as needed.
CHAKU-CHAKU LINE — Meaning load-load in Japanese, this describes a work cell where machines off-load parts automatically so that operators can take a piece directly from one machine to the next without waiting.
CHANGE AGENT — A person whose demonstrated mission is to move from the now state, or batch and queue, to the future. Person(s) who lead a company from the traditional manufacturing practices and philosophies to becoming a Lean organization.
CHANGEOVER – Switching from producing one part/product or service to another is generally known as a changeover. Defined as to the completion of the last good product or service until the completion of the next good product or service. Includes such things as mounting and removal; centering and alignment; trial runs, etc.
CO-LOCATION – Physically locating personnel and product lines in a single area thereby enabling rapid and constant communication among key personal responsible for those products.
CONCURRENT ENGINEERING – Reorganization of product design, development, production planning and procurement processes to take place to the extent possible in parallel (more or less at the same time), utilizing multi-disciplinary project teams, electronic information management, and improved communications. This concept can dramatically reduce product development time.
CONSTRAINT – Taken from (TOC) “Theory of Constraints.” A constraint is anything that limits a system from achieving higher performance relative to its goal.
CONTINUOUS FLOW – Ideally a product or service that flows from one “value added” step to the next without any waiting or interruption. Achieving single piece flow.
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT – Ongoing process/philosophy of doing things better, faster, and cheaper. The commitment to creating a better product, work environment, and business, every day.
CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING – Methods that combine defining of problems, identification of patterns, generation of new ideas, and action planning to resolve problems with unique and innovative solutions.
CURRENT STATE OR “AS IS” MAP – Taken from Value Stream Mapping (VSM), the “Current State Map” shows the value stream or process map as it is operating right now.
CYCLE TIME — Time it takes to do one repetition of any particular task typically measured from “Start to Start” the starting point of one product’s processing in a specified machine or operation until the start of another similar product’s processing in the same machine or process. Cycle time is commonly categorized into:
1) Manual Cycle Time – Time loading, unloading, flipping/turning parts, adding components to parts while still in the same machine/process, etc.
2) Machine Cycle Time – Processing time of the machine working on a part.
3) Auto Cycle Time – Time a machine runs un-aided (automatically) without manual intervention.
4) Overall Cycle Time – Complete time it takes to produce a single unit. This term is generally used when speaking of a single machine or process.
5) Total Cycle Time – This includes all machines, processes, and classes of cycle time through which a product must pass to become a finished product.
This is not Lead Time, but it does help in determining it. The time it takes an operator to complete one full repetition of work. Globally, it is the time it takes before the cycle repeats itself. See Operator Cycle Time or Machine Cycle Time.
DEMAND FORECASTING – Prediction of levels of weekly or monthly product activity over a specified time (generally about two years).
DEMAND MANAGEMENT – Prediction of levels of weekly or monthly product activity over a specified time (generally about two years).
DIGITAL MANAGEMENT – Digital manufacturing systems integrate advanced 3D simulation tools, virtual reality, and collaborative product lifecycle management (plm) software to visibly manage a product through manufacturing process.
DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT – Tool for deciding upon and producing optimal quantities of products needed from each plant to supply distribution warehouses/centers with sufficient products to meet customer demand with minimal costs and risks incurred.
EMPOWERMENT – Giving employees more responsibility, authority, and accountability for effecting daily processes and improvements within their purview.
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) – Taking needs of an entire organization into account. ERP is essentially an extension of “MRP” (Manufacturing Resources Planning) which attempts to ascertain needs and abilities of a company system.
ERROR & MISTAKE PROOFING – Lean tool for making products correctly the first time by designing devices and systems into the process that provide staff immediate feedback that they have made or are about to make an error, so they can take corrective action that prevents that error from becoming a defect. “Poka-yoke”
EXTERNAL SET-UP — Elements of tooling set-up that can be performed safely while the machine is still running. Steps and procedures that can be performed while a machine is still operating that facilitate SMED “Single Minute Exchange of Die” process.
FIRST IN FIRST OUT (F.I.F.O.) – System for keeping track of order in which information or materials are to be processed. Goal of fifo is to prevent earlier orders from being delayed in favor of newer orders which would result in increased lead time and unhappy customers regarding earlier orders.
FISHBONE DIAGRAM – Problem-solving tool that uses a graphic description of various process elements to analyze potential sources of variation or problems. The diagram itself resembles (somewhat) the skeleton of a fish.
FIVE S (5S) — Workplace organization tool/process that maximizes cleanliness, organization, and safety of all elements in a working environment. Visual Workplace or Visual Factory. Principle of waste elimination through workplace organization. Derived from Japanese, the five Ss are defined as: Seiri, to segregate and discard. Seiton, to arrange and identify. Seiso, to clean and inspect daily. Seiketsu, to revisit frequently, and Shitsuke, to motivate to sustain.
FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION – Highly mechanized (often robotic) method for switching from one product type or style to another product type or style. Key in FA is automatic changeovers of dies, tools and materials.
FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM (FMS) – Manufacturing process/system designed so that production areas (such as work cells or lines) can be changed and rebalanced often to adjust labor and materials to better meet and match demand.
FLOW CHART – Visual depiction of steps in a process or system.
FLOW PRODUCTION – Way of doing things in small quantities in sequential steps, rather than in large batches, lots or mass processing. Product (or service) moves (flows) from process to process in smallest, quickest possible increment (one piece). Only acceptable quality products or services are accepted by downstream customer. See also one-piece flow.
FUTURE STATE MAP – Future-looking version of a process map “Value Stream Mapping” (VSM), depicting how a process will work after improvements are implemented. See “ideal state map”
FIVE WHYS (5 WHY’S) – A tool used to peel away symptoms of problems or process failures in order to find the root cause.
GEMBA – Japanese term that means “Real Place” or “Where action takes place.” In Lean we speak of GEMBA as being the place where “Value” is added to a product. Often refers to the factory floor. Changes are made at the Gemba, not in the conference room.
GOAL – Measurable statement of specific intent bounded by a specific period of time.
S.M.A.R.T. Goals are:
Specific – We will change by “x” amount.
Measurable – We are now at “x” amount and will Be at “x” amount after improvements.
Attainable – These are reachable results even though they may require some “stretch” to achieve.
Relevant – Desired results are pertinent to the people and area working on them well within their range of things they are allowed to change.
Timely – Specific dates are important. We will change “x” by 9/22/2010.
GROUP TECHNOLOGY (GT) – Group Technology separates parts into “Families” or groups that have similar needs with respect to manufacturing processes. Parts may be “grouped” by size, weight, color, flavor, chemistry, treatments/special processing needed, etc.
HEIJUNKA — Production smoothing; creating a build sequence that is determined by SKU average demand.
INTERNAL CUSTOMERS – In a process “Internal Customers” are people, machines, or work groups who are supplied with products or parts made in preceding work area(s).
INTERNAL SET-UP — Elements of tooling set-up that must be performed while the machine is not in motion. Taken from (SMED), these are setup procedures that can only be affected when a machine is in a “Zero Mechanical State.” If a SMED Team can make “Internal” setup procedures “External,” they will generally reduce setup/changeover times.
INTERNAL SUPPLIERS – Are people, machines, or processes delivering or supplying products or parts they have made to the next (in sequence) work area(s). Essentially, everyone and every department is someone’s customer and someone’s supplier. Departments may have many different Internal Suppliers and Internal Customers. Whether an individual or a department has only one or many customers/suppliers they should always treat them as if they were “prized customers” or “valued suppliers.”
INVENTORY – Money and materials invested in by a company in order to create products for sale. Most common types of inventory are:
Raw materials – Unprocessed components waiting for work to be done on them. This is the least expensive form of inventory, especially if suppliers will wait for payment until you begin using these materials.
Work-in-process (w.i.p.) – Materials that have had some work done to them but are not yet finished. This is the second most expensive form of inventory as “value” has been added to the materials.
Finished goods – This is the most expensive type of inventory as the materials have already traveled through the value stream and are now complete. Although most companies carry some finished goods inventory, it can be a serious waste and burden on cash-flow.
Inventory Turns – Number of times you can “Turn” (use and replace) your inventory/money over in a year.
JUST IN TIME (JIT) — Manufacturing what is needed, when it is needed, in the quantity it is needed. Production system to make what the customer needs when the customer needs it in the quantity the customer needs, using minimal resources of manpower, material, and machinery. The three elements to making just-in-time possible are takt time, flow production, and pull system.
KAIZEN — A combination of two Japanese words Kai (change) and Zen (good). Usually defined as “continuous improvement.” Japanese for ‘change for the better’ or ‘improvement’. A business philosophy of continuous cost reduction, reducing quality problems, and delivery time reduction through rapid, team-based improvement activity.
KAIZEN BREAKTHROUGH — A time-sensitive, rapid-deployment methodology that employs a focused, team-based approach. Continuous improvement.
KAIZEN IMPLEMENTATION TEAM(S) – (“Improvement Team(s)”) Team(s) that implement Lean Manufacturing tools needed to effect improvements. Many companies use a single “Kaizen Team” to effect changes brought about by Lean Manufacturing.
KANBAN —Japanese word for ‘sign’, kanbans are typically a re-order card or other method of triggering a pull system based on actual usage of material. Kanbans are attached to actual product, at point of use. Kanban cards have information about parts (name, part number, quantity, source, destination, etc.) but carts, boxes, and electronic signals can also be used. Squares painted on floor to indicate storage or incoming areas are frequently, but mistakenly, referred to as kanbans.
LEAD TIME — The amount of time required to produce a single product, from the time of customer order until products are shipped or services delivered.
LEAN ENTERPRISE – An organization that is engaged in endless pursuit of waste elimination in all of its activities. Lean Enterprises reduce or eliminate paperwork, improve supply chain agreements, enhance hiring and training processes, provide employee development opportunities, and many other such activities.
LEAN MANUFACTURING — Using the minimum amount of total resources — man, materials, money, machines, etc. — to produce a product and deliver it on time. Also a business practice characterized by endless pursuit of waste elimination. A manufacturer that is lean uses the minimum amount of manpower, materials, money, machines, space, etc. to get the job done on time.
LEAN PRODUCTION – Manufacturing/production system best characterized as relentlessly eliminating waste from all of its activities and operations.
LEVELING – Smoothing out production schedule by averaging out both volume and mix of products. Production leveling allows a consistent workflow, reducing fluctuation of customer demand with eventual goal of being able to produce any product any day.
LEVEL-LOADING & MIXED MODEL LOADING (HEIJUNKA) – Advanced Lean methods that require a good deal of Lean implementation before they can be successfully applied. Technique used to balance production throughput according to needs of customers (Demand).
MACHINE CYCLE TIME — The time it takes for a machine to produce one unit, including the time it takes to load and unload.
MANUFACTURABILITY – Extent to which a product can be efficiently manufactured with maximum reliability.
MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING II (MRP II) – Computerized method for planning use of a company’s resources, such as scheduling raw materials, suppliers/vendors, production equipment, and processes.
MASS CUSTOMIZATION – Production system that stresses production of relatively small lots of customized or somewhat unique goods.
MASTER SCHEDULE – Overall sequenced schedule of multiple orders through a factory.
MATERIALS HANDLING – Function of moving objects from one location to another.
MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS PLANNING (MRP) – Using software, materials planning is accomplished through evaluating Bill of Materials (BOM), Inventory Data, and Master Schedule in order to stimulate replenishment of materials to be consumed and present purchase orders (PO’s) for future materials needed.
MUDA — Any activity that adds to cost without adding to value of the product.
MURA — Variations in process quality, cost, and delivery.
MURI — Unreasonableness; demand exceeds capacity.
NON-VALUE ADDED — Any activity that consumes resources while producing no corresponding value. Adds cost without adding value to the product or process.
ONE-PIECE FLOW — A manufacturing philosophy which supports the movement of product from one workstation to the next, one piece at a time, without allowing inventory to build up in between.
OPERATOR CYCLE TIME — The time it takes for a person to complete a predetermined sequence of operations, inclusive of loading and unloading, exclusive of time spent waiting.
OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE) – Combined Measurement of Equipment Availability, Performance Rate, and Quality Rate. An essential measurement for determining effectiveness of your equipment and beginning to understand where up-time improvements are possible.
Formula – Machine Availability X Performance Rate X Quality Rate
Machine Availability – Actual time available for production when you need it.
Performance Rate – Measure Of “How Well The Machine Was Running When It Was Running.”
Quality Rate – How many good parts VS. defective parts a machine has produced during the time it was running.
The effectiveness of a machine is usually expressed as a percentage comparing planned versus actual. Reasons for not meeting 100% are usually categorized as the six major losses. These losses then form the basis for improvement strategies. High OEE percentages are extremely important in flow production where processes are linked with only standard work in process.
PARETO CHART – Graphical tool for ranking causes of problems from most significant to least significant. It is based on pareto principle, first defined by Vilfredo Pareto, and popularized in the 1950’s by Joseph Juran. Pareto charts suggest most effects (or results), come from relatively few causes; that is, 80% of effects come from 20% of possible causes.
PART FAMILIES – Separates parts into “Families” or groups that have similar needs with respect to manufacturing processes. Parts may be “grouped” by size, weight, color, flavor, chemistry, or type of processing needed.
POLICY DEPLOYMENT — Matching the strategic business goals of an organization to its available resources. Communicating those goals throughout the organization and linking everyone to the same objectives.
POKA YOKE — A Japanese word for mistake proofing, a poka yoke device prevents a human error from affecting a machine or process; prevents operator mistakes from becoming defects.
POINT KAIZEN — An improvement activity intensely directed at a single workstation, performed quickly by two or three specialists. Typically follows a full-blown kaizen event.
POINT TO POINT DIAGRAM – Using a line drawn on a layout that signifies the flow of a process or person. These are also referred to as spaghetti diagrams because many times the base condition point to point diagrams are so disorganized that the flow resembles looking down on a bowl of spaghetti.
PROCESS CAPACITY TABLE — A chart primarily used in a machining environment that compares machine load to available capacity.
PRODUCTION SMOOTHING — A method of production scheduling that, over a period of time, takes the fluctuation of customer demand out of manufacturing. Producing every part, every day.
PROCESS MAP – Work flow diagram which depicts elements of a work flow often using time, people, and machine information to illustrate tasks and results.
PRODUCTIVITY – Scaled amount of benefit realized as derived from inputs.
PULL SYSTEM – One of 3 elements of JIT. The pull system enables production of what is needed based on a signal of what has just been sold. The downstream process takes product they need and ‘pulls’ it from producer. This ‘customer pull’ is a signal to a producer that a product is sold. The pull system links accurate information with process to minimize overproduction.
RAPID CYCLE CHANGE – This technique breaks a large project into small elements and then tests design or improvement assumptions in small pilots, one after another in rapid succession. Allowing success to build on success and lessons learned from failures to take place quickly. This allows you to minimize going down the wrong path and not realizing it until substantial time and money have been expended. Dramatic improvements based on many smaller successful pilots.
SET-UP REDUCTION — Reducing the amount of downtime during changeover from the last good piece to the first good piece of the next order.
SEVEN WASTES (7 WASTES) – Activities identified and categorized as non-value adding events or processes that limit profitability in a company.
1. Overproduction – Making more parts than you can sell. In service processes, having excess capacity with no customers to use it.
2. Delay – Waiting for processing, parts sitting in storage, etc.
3. Transporting Parts/Materials – Moving parts to various storage locations, from process to process, etc.
4. Over-processing – Doing more “work” to a part than is required.
5. Inventory – Committing money and storage space to parts not sold.
6. Motion – Moving parts more than minimum needed to complete and ship them.
7. Making Defective Parts – Creating parts that cannot be sold “as is” or that must be reworked, etc.
SINGLE-MINUTE EXCHANGE OF DIES (SMED) — From the last good part to the first good part on the new set-up accomplished in anything less than 10 minutes. AKA “Single-digit set-up.”
SIX SIGMA (6 SIGMA) – Scientific/data-driven approach for achieving 6 standard deviations between mean and nearest specifications limit. Six sigma methods can be applied to all aspects of manufacturing, transactional processes, and virtually any form of work or processing.
STANDARD OPERATIONS — The best combination of people and machines utilizing the minimum amount of labor, space, inventory, and equipment.
STANDARD WORK — Pre-determined sequence of tasks for the operator to complete within takt time. Includes; process sequence, time/timing, workstation layout, key quality/safety indicators, operators walk patterns, and machine cycle times.
STANDARD WORK COMBINATION SHEET — A document showing the sequence of production steps assigned to a single operator. It is used to illustrate the best combination of worker and machine.
STANDARD WORK LAYOUT — A diagram of a work station or cell showing how standard work is accomplished.
STANDARD WORK IN PROCESS — The minimum (rarely but in some cases maximum in the service sector) amount of work in process to allow work to flow smoothly and without delay.
STOP-THE-LINE AUTHORITY — When abnormalities occur, workers have power to stop the process and prevent the defect or variation from being passed along.
SUB-OPTIMIZATION — Optimizing each piece of equipment; keeping all machines running, no matter the cost or consequence. Typically this inflates the number-one cost of production: material.
SUPERMARKET — A shop floor, line-side location where parts are sorted and made ready for presentation to operators.
TAKT TIME — The total net daily operating time divided by the total daily customer demand. Matching rate of production to rate of sales or consumption. Takt Time (a German word for meter or measure) is often compared to a metronome symbolizing “keeping time.” In its purest sense, Takt Time is used to only produce exactly what your customers will consume; nothing more and nothing less. Takt time is the pace at which a customer is buying a particular product or service. Takt time is not how long it takes to perform a task. Takt time cannot be reduced or increased except by changes in production demand or available time to work. Takt time is one of 3 elements of JIT.
THROUGHPUT — Rate at which work proceeds through a manufacturing system.
TIME-BASED STRATEGY — Organizing business objectives around economy-of-time principles.
TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM — Based on some of the first principles of Henry Ford, this describes the philosophies of one of the world’s most successful companies. The foundation of TPS is production smoothing; the supports are just in time and jidoka.
TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE (TPM) – TPM is an equipment maintenance system that proactively addresses maintenance issues before they become major problems and cause equipment downtime. TPM aims at maximizing equipment effectiveness and uptime throughout entire life of equipment.
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) – Quality control system focused on correction of quality issues before they are permitted to subsequently be passed on for further processing. TQM systems are often “built-in” to manufacturing processes.
VALUE ADDED — Any activity that transforms a product or service to meet the customer need for the first time. Sometimes defined as something the customer is willing to pay for. Changing the fit form or function of a product or service for the first time.
VALUE ANALYSIS — Evaluating the total lead-time and value-added time to identify the percentage spent in value-added activities.
VALUE STREAM MAP (or Value Chain Map) — A visual picture of how material and information flows from suppliers, through manufacturing, to the customer. It includes calculations of total cycle time and value-added time. Typically written for the current state of the value chain and the future, to indicate where the business is going.
VISUAL CONTROLS — Creating standards in the workplace that make it obvious if anything is out of order.
VISUAL FACTORY/WORKPLACE – Workplace organization tool/process that maximizes cleanliness, organization, and safety of all elements in a working environment.
VISUAL MANAGEMENT — a system that allows management and staff to understand at a glance whether operating conditions are normal or abnormal.
WORK CELLS – Generally a U or = shaped work area layout that enables workers to easily move from one process to another in close proximity and pass parts between workers with little effort. “Cells” typically focus on production of specific models in “part families” but can be adjusted to many different products as needed.
WORK-IN-PROCESS (WIP) — Inventory waiting between operation steps.
WORK SEQUENCE — The correct steps the operator takes, in the order in which they should be taken. | <urn:uuid:b8575f47-3a27-42b2-a1bd-1d4e1f37faa0> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.opexsg.com/2017/06/11/lean-lingo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500056.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203122526-20230203152526-00489.warc.gz | en | 0.923774 | 6,290 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Dadagamuwa Rajamaha Viharaya is an ancient temple in Dadagamuwa, Gampaha. As soon as you enter the roundabout, it becomes clear that the temple carries a unique Sri Lankan architecture. Dadagamu Devalaya was inaugurated by a provincial governor, DevanampiyaTissa Sumitta, the first Buddhist king of Sri Lanka. Historians believe that the paintings and frescoes belong to the Candian period. Another intriguing aspect of the temple is that the roof is divided into two floors and is subjected to four modes. And it has a peak in the center of Kandy. Viharage’s roof is decorated with 2 rows of paintings. From time to time, the top row paintings show the story of Simbula Jataka and Themiya Jataka; Bottom row paintings elaborate the story of Dhamsoda Jataka. Ancient Dadagamuwa Raja Maha Viharaya is a symbol of Sri Lankan architecture. There are 2 incomplete wall paintings on Vatadage’s back wall. The Dagoba ‘s shape of the bubbler (water bulb) The corridors surrounding Dagoba are covered with round stone pillars. The Dadagamuwa Raja Maha Viharaya witnesses a remarkable history.
Dadagamuwa Rajamaha Viharaya is one of the heritage of Sri Lanka and many devotees come here to worship the Lord Buddha. In addition, many tourists who are keen on the combination of Sri Lankan culture and religion are very concerned about the temple. A large Buddha statue was recently erected. | <urn:uuid:4cf6b501-1d07-4588-8166-a51601bf8aab> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.thingstodo.lk/dadagamuwa-viharaya/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500056.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203122526-20230203152526-00489.warc.gz | en | 0.929485 | 335 | 2.625 | 3 |
The Co-SPACE findings feature in the Centre for Population Change January 2022 policy brief on ‘Covid-19 and children’s well-being’.
- Families need better support and a greater say on what will help them thrive.
- Covid-19 exposed weaknesses in the system and made the already difficult lives of vulnerable people harder.
- Children from disadvantaged backgrounds and with Special Educational Needs (SEN) have been hit hardest, but children from all backgrounds need support.
This policy briefing provides an overview of the key findings of the Interdisciplinary Child Well-Being Network (ICWBN) online workshop. The programme and recordings of which are available at
Read the full policy brief here. | <urn:uuid:d02a865f-c648-4eed-9e4c-47d8be7f0398> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | http://cospaceoxford.org/centre-for-population-change-policy-brief/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500294.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205224620-20230206014620-00649.warc.gz | en | 0.926267 | 172 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Before taking a dance lesson, make sure your child is aware of the history of the form. The earliest known evidence of dancing is found in cave paintings in India. The paintings depict scenes from communal drinking, religious rites, childbirth, hunting, and burials. Many of the paintings also show dancing. In addition to the art form, the lessons you give your child can also include the history of dance and its importance. Keeping in mind the historical context of the dance form, your child will enjoy the experience of learning about the art form.
For younger children, a dance lesson should focus on individual investigation of movement problems rather than showing a final product. For older children, a goal can be a dance performance that parents can see, or a performance for peers and other classes. Of course, this will require some rehearsal. A class that does not have time to practice is not likely to be as successful as a private lesson. For children to learn more effectively, consider a private lesson.
Apart from developing a child’s physical health, a dance lesson can help foster his or her emotional well-being. Dance is a great way to develop social skills, as children will be able to form new friendships and work in teams. Children will also learn how to communicate and listen to others. Performing in front of others will also help them develop their confidence and overcome shyness. Of course, if your child is uncomfortable performing, he or she can play other roles and learn to accept others. | <urn:uuid:07543f5f-d491-449d-a12b-b8307559212a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://skatedancedream.com/?p=76 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500384.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207035749-20230207065749-00729.warc.gz | en | 0.967063 | 301 | 3.515625 | 4 |
What is insulin resistance?
This educational content is brought to you by the ADA x BT1 Collab.
The following transcript has been edited for length and clarity.
Ginger Vieira: Welcome to Collab Conversations with the American Diabetes Association and Beyond Type 1. My name is Ginger Vieira, and with me today is Dr. Nuha El Sayed, vice president of Healthcare Improvement at the American Diabetes Association. Hi, thanks for joining me.
Dr. Nuha El Sayed: Thank you for having me.
So, today I would love to pick your brain about insulin resistance because it affects now how many tens of millions of people in our country, and then even more across the globe.
It is the root cause for type 2 diabetes, and it’s not just people with diabetes, it’s people who have prediabetes, people who are overweight, obese. So there are a lot of people, Ginger.
I would say I think … yeah. I think you’re talking about more than 80 million people.
Wow. Yeah. Okay. Can you define it for us? Can you describe what insulin resistance is in layman’s terms?
So to understand insulin resistance, you really have to understand what insulin does. So insulin is a hormone and it has, you can think about it as a key. It gets glucose from outside of the cells to inside of our cells. And our cells are our building blocks. And it’s a very important hormone because if glucose does not go in, then we do not have energy and we cannot survive.
We have three main organs where this occurs and it’s very important that it happens. So we have your muscles, your fat cells and the liver. And for people who have insulin resistance, as the name implies, there is resistance to entry of glucose into the cell. So these keys do not work. Those insulin do not work. So what happens is your pancreas has to work overtime. So the pancreas has to make many, many, many more keys to break in this resistance at every cell door. And that in itself is a problem. In medical school, they teach you that insulin is a growth hormone. So that does not help if you’re overweight, and it just becomes a vicious cycle.
Right. And as a former powerlifter, I often heard people say how insulin is the most powerful hormone in the human body, because growth, in some ways, is really helpful from insulin. If you’re trying to grow muscle and just obviously stay alive, but too much…
Yeah, you need a balance. We cannot live without insulin, and we also don’t want way too much of it running around our bodies.
Right. And I don’t think people might realize that it’s cells throughout every part of your body. It’s not just the energy that we think of when we hear we need insulin to help get glucose into our cells for energy. It’s the way your eyes function, being able to see, being able to feel. Could you explain that?
It’s our building block. It’s simply that our cells are our building block.
And the good news is we have so many medications now that help with insulin resistance and there are many, many things you can do to help with insulin resistance. People with diabetes who need insulin, just need insulin and that’s how it is. But when I hand somebody a prescription for insulin, I also speak to them about how we can improve insulin resistance so that the requirement is exactly what they need? They’re not needing more than what they need and they’re not taking less than what they need.
So what can someone do if they’re already at a point where they’re at a high level of insulin resistance? What can someone do to help reduce their insulin resistance?
So the biggest thing is really weight. If you think about it, it’s weight. So we encourage people to be mindful of what they eat and the composition, we call dietary patterns. So it’s really the choices that you make overall. It’s not a particular diet, it’s just choices that you make. Exercise, and for exercise, we want them to do both aerobic and strength. Because if you think about this insulin resistance issue, it’s at the muscle level. So you do strengthen and that really helps. And overall, there are, again, a lot of medications. So working with your healthcare team to pick medications that will target insulin resistance, and we’re seeing amazing results with newer agents really.
When we talk about reducing insulin resistance, we’re talking about things that help you become more sensitive to insulin so that you need less medications to help your body manage blood sugar levels.
That is exactly it.
Okay. And body fat blunts your sensitivity to insulin, is that how it causes insulin resistance?
So basically you consume more food than you need. You have a lot of glucose running around that needs to get into cells. So you need more keys, and it’s just a vicious cycle. That is how it works.
Right. Okay. I can say even as a type 1, if I gain or lose five pounds, I notice that I need a little more insulin, and just those five pounds makes a big difference up or down. Or I need a little less insulin if I lose five pounds. If you’re measuring your blood sugar and you’re paying attention to the medications that you’re taking, you can see it in your own body.
And it’s all about balance. There are people who have to be on insulin and there is a way to take it safely. And we don’t want people to skip taking insulin. And at the same time, we don’t want people to be overmedicated. So there’s always, always the balance, and there’s always an appropriate amount for each individual.
And even if someone is frustrated with the fact that their body is really struggling with insulin resistance, the first most important thing is to get your blood sugars down into a safe and healthy range.
Absolutely. Especially, there is a time when some people are newly diagnosed or if they’re going through a hard patch when the numbers are really high, sometimes the only way to get it down is insulin. And then after a few weeks, you have a discussion with your healthcare team, are other options a viable option? And over the years they have been. Newer agents are now in some places replacing insulin, in others insulin still stands. So it’s a dynamic process really.
And if you are, let’s say taking insulin or a medication that increases your sensitivity to insulin, and you’re experiencing low blood sugars, that’s not a sign that you should stop taking your medications, but …
I would definitely call my healthcare team because it probably means you need a reduction. And if you’re already on a very small dose, who knows. Some people do require medications being pulled. That’s a good thing, but it’s working with your healthcare team to safely do it is always your best bet.
So don’t ignore those low blood sugars. That means you have changed your insulin resistance in a positive way, and you need to fine tune your medications with your healthcare team.
And we see it all the time. In my clinic, I see a lot of type 2 patients, and actually type 1 as well, who have lifestyle journeys and they’ve made different choices, and we are deconstructing medications every day. So that is something expected. Yeah.
Well, thank you so much for that deep dive in insulin resistance. | <urn:uuid:52dc9152-d93f-4150-b3af-eff7f6a4dde3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://beyondtype2.org/what-is-insulin-resistance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500758.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208092053-20230208122053-00809.warc.gz | en | 0.956946 | 1,654 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Souls Under the Altar (Rev. 6: 9-11)
The quoted passage is from the Author’s Commentary on the opening of the Fifth Seal (Rev. 6:9-11). It is about the descent of Christ to Hades to preach to souls there and save the souls of the Old Testament’s righteous. The souls concerned in these passages are the souls of the Old Testament martyrs, not the New Testament’s martyrs. The reviewer questioned this out of its appropriate context.
Old Testament's Martyrs
Hebrews believed all souls of the dead go to Hades, whether they were righteous or evil. So, Jacob said to his children, “you will bring my gray hair down to Sheol [Hades] in sorrow” (Gen. 42:38, NASU).
Christ’s descent to Hades, to save the souls in Hades, was after His death on the Cross. The Author wrote:
[According to St. Peter, the Lord Jesus opened the bottomless pit, descended to Hades, and preached the gospel to its inmates by the power of the Holy Spirit. These spirits in prison were formerly disobedient in the days of Noah (1 Pet. 3:18–20).
St. Clement of Alexandria fully expounded the teaching on the descent of Christ into Hades in his Stromateis. He argued Christ preached in Hell to the Old Testament righteous and the Gentiles who lived outside the true faith. Commenting on (1 Pet. 3:18–21), St. Clement expresses the conviction that Christ preached to all those in Hell who could believe in Christ] .
The Burnt Offering Altar
According to (Lev. 17:11), the flesh's life (the soul) is in the blood. So, the souls went under the altar when the earth opened its mouth and swallowed their blood (Gen. 4:11). On page 158, I wrote, [The souls' imagery under the altar has roots in the Old Testament. When the priest presents an animal sacrifice on the altar, the priest pours the remaining blood of the offerings at the base of the brazen altar (Lev. 4:7, 18, 25, 30).
The altar, mentioned in the passage above, is the altar of burnt offering of the old Testament. “The martyrs under the altar” are the prophets of the Old Testament, like Isaiah and others. The Lord Jesus said to the scribes and Pharisees, “Therefore you are witnesses against yourselves that you are sons of those who murdered the prophets. Fill up, then, the measure of your fathers' guilt. Serpents, brood of vipers! How can you escape the condemnation of Hell? Therefore, indeed, I send you prophets, wise men, and scribes: some of them you will kill and crucify, and some of them you will scourge in your synagogues and persecute from city to city, that on you may come all the righteous bloodshed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah, son of Berechiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar” (Matt. 23:31-35).
These prophets “had been slain for the word of God and for the testimony which they held” (Rev. 6:9).
The Injustice with the Martyrs
God has the Authority to send sinners to Hell. The Lord Jesus said, “do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. But rather fear Him who can destroy both soul and body in hell” (Matt. 10:28).
God is the righteous judge, “For the Lord is righteous [just], He loves righteousness” (Ps. 11:7). “As a God of justice (Isa 30:18), He is interested in fairness and what makes for right relationships. His actions and decisions are true (Job 34:12; Rev 16:7). His demands on individuals and nations to look after victims of oppression are just demands (Ps. 82).
The righteous demand of God is that “the wages of sin is death” (Rom. 6:23). Through Adam, sin and death and death entered the world (Rom. 5:12). Hades follows death (Rev. 6:8).
The unjust one with the martyrs is not God, but sin. Before Christ, all have sinned, “there is no one who does good, not even one.” (Rom. 3:12). They all deserved death and Hell, even the martyrs of the Old Testament. Sin made people kill the martyrs, and the killers with victims were subject to death and Hades because all had been sinners before Christ (Rom. 3:12). Sin was proven to be “exceedingly sinful” (Rom. 7:13).
Therefore, “what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He [God] condemned sin in the flesh” (Rom 8:3-4). The Lord Jesus “bore our sins in His own body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live for righteousness” (1 Peter 2:24). “In this is love, not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins” (1 Jn. 4:10).
Now Hades and death have no authority on the souls of those who are in Christ. After the Cross of Christ, the souls of the martyrs and saints will never go to Hades. For example, the soul of Stephen. His soul was received into the hands of the Lord Jesus (Acts 7:60), not into Hades. Likewise, all the souls of martyrs in the New Testament, as St. George and all the others.
New Testament's Martyrs
The statement “we have an altar” (Heb 13:10) refers to the Altar of the New Testament and the sacrifice of Christ, the Eucharist, not animal sacrifices. Of such an altar, Isaiah prophesied, saying, “in that day there will be an altar to the Lord in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar to the Lord at its border” (Isa. 19:19).
The altar of incense mentioned in Rev 8:3 belongs to the heavenly temple. In this heavenly temple, there is no need for an altar of burnt offering since atonement for our sins is now complete through the death of Jesus Christ.
Keeping the utensils, the vestments, or relics of the martyrs and saints under the altar, in some churches, is for practical and storage purposes. It has nothing to do with imagery of the souls of the Old Testament’s martyrs under the altar of the burnt offering of the Old Testament (Rev 6:9-11).
The martyrs of the New Testament are in the front lines of the victorious. The Lord Christ promised the victorious to sit with Him on His throne. He said, “To him who overcomes I will grant to sit with Me on My throne, as I also overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne” (Rev. 3:21). They walk with Christ having white clothes. The Lord Christ also said, “They shall walk with Me in white, for they are worthy” (Rev. 3:4). The Book of Revelation presents many imageries of the victorious such as:
1- They are standing before the throne: “I looked, and behold, a great multitude which no one could number, of all nations, tribes, peoples, and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, with palm branches in their hands, and crying out with a loud voice, saying, "Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!” (Rev. 7:9-10).
2- 2- They are standing on the sea of glass: “And I saw something like a sea of glass mingled with fire, and those who have the victory over the beast, over his image and over his mark and over the number of his name, standing on the sea of glass, having harps of God. They sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying: "Great and marvelous are Your works, Lord God Almighty! Just and true are Your ways, O King of the saints!” (Rev. 15:2-3).
3- 3- They are serving before the throne, and the Lamb shepherds them: “These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation and washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. Therefore, they are before the throne of God and serve Him day and night in His temple. And He who sits on the throne will dwell among them. They shall neither hunger anymore nor thirst anymore; the sun shall not strike them, nor any heat; for the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to living fountains of waters. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes” (Rev. 7:13-17).
To order “Revealing the Father through the Book of Revelation”:
The Stromata, Wilson, William, Clement of Alexandria (153–217). | <urn:uuid:f9ce6953-5634-46f1-b7cc-986d1029c015> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://blog.frsleman.net/2022/03/the-book-of-revelation-q-souls-under.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500758.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208092053-20230208122053-00809.warc.gz | en | 0.943785 | 2,011 | 2.75 | 3 |
Pandas is an open-source Python library that is powerful and flexible for data analysis. If there is something you want to do with data, the chances are it will be possible in pandas. There are a vast number of possibilities within pandas, but most users find themselves using the same methods time after time. In this article, we compiled the best cheat sheets from across the web, which show you these core methods at a glance.
The primary data structure in pandas is the DataFrame used to store two-dimensional data, along with a label for each corresponding column and row. If you are familiar with Excel spreadsheets or SQL databases, you can think of the DataFrame as being the pandas equivalent. If we take a single column from a DataFrame, we have one-dimensional data. In pandas, this is called a Series. DataFrames can be created from scratch in your code, or loaded into Python from some external location, such as a CSV. This is often the first stage in any data analysis task. We can then do any number of things with our DataFrame in Pandas, including removing or editing values, filtering our data, or combining this DataFrame with another DataFrame. Each line of code in these cheat sheets lets you do something different with a DataFrame. Also, if you are coming from an Excel background, you will enjoy the performance pandas has to offer. After you get over the learning curve, you will be even more impressed with the functionality.
Whether you are already familiar with pandas and are looking for a handy reference you can print out, or you have never used pandas and are looking for a resource to help you get a feel for the library- there is a cheat sheet here for you!
This one is from the pandas guys, so it makes sense that this is a comprehensive and inclusive cheat sheet. It covers the vast majority of what most pandas users will ever need to do to a DataFrame. Have you already used pandas for a little while? And are you looking to up your game? This is your cheat sheet! However, if you are newer to pandas and this cheat sheet is a bit overwhelming, don’t worry! You definitely don’t need to understand everything in this cheat sheet to get started. Instead, check out the next cheat sheet on this list.
Dataquest is an online platform that teaches Data Science using interactive coding challenges. I love this cheat sheet they have put together. It has everything the pandas beginner needs to start using pandas right away in a friendly, neat list format. It covers the bare essentials of each stage in the data analysis process:
- Importing and exporting your data from an Excel file, CSV, HTML table or SQL database
- Cleaning your data of any empty rows, changing data formats to allow for further analysis or renaming columns
- Filtering your data or removing anomalous values
- Different ways to view the data and see it’s dimensions
- Selecting any combination of columns and rows within the DataFrame using loc and iloc
- Using the .apply method to apply a formula to a particular column in the DataFrame
- Creating summary statistics for columns in the DataFrame. This includes the median, mean and standard deviation
- Combining DataFrames
Ok, this isn’t quite a cheat sheet, it’s more of an entire manifesto on the pandas DataFrame! If you have a little time on your hands, this will help you get your head around some of the theory behind DataFrames. It will take you all the way from loading in your trusty CSV from Microsoft Excel to viewing your data in Jupyter and handling the basics. The article finishes off by using the DataFrame to create a histogram and bar chart. For migrating your spreadsheet work from Excel to pandas, this is a fantastic guide. It will teach you how to perform many of the Excel basics in pandas. If you are also looking for how to perform the pandas equivalent of a VLOOKUP in Excel, check out Shane’s article on the merge method.
If you’re more of a visual learner, try this cheat sheet! Many common pandas tasks have intricate, color-coded illustrations showing how the operation works. On page 3, there is a fantastic section called ‘Computation with Series and DataFrames’, which provides an intuitive explanation for how DataFrames work and shows how the index is used to align data when DataFrames are combined and how element-wise operations work in contrast to operations which work on each row or column. At 8 pages long, it’s more of a booklet than a cheat sheet, but it can still make for a great resource!
Much like the other cheat sheets, there is comprehensive coverage of the pandas basic in here. So, that includes filtering, sorting, importing, exploring, and combining DataFrames. However, where this Cheat Sheet differs is that it finishes off with an excellent section on scikit-learn, Python’s machine learning library. In this section, the DataFrame is used to train a machine learning model. This cheat sheet will be perfect for anybody who is already familiar with machine learning and is transitioning from a different technology, such as R.
Data Camp is an online platform that teaches Data Science with videos and coding exercises. They have made cheat sheets on a bunch of the most popular Python libraries, which you can also check out here. This cheat sheet nicely introduces the DataFrame, and then gives a quick overview of the basics. Unfortunately, it doesn’t provide any information on the various ways you can combine DataFrames, but it does all fit on one page and looks great. So, if you are looking to stick a pandas cheat sheet on your bedroom wall and nail home the basics, this one might be for you! The cheat sheet finishes with a small section introducing NaN values, which come from NumPy. These indicate a null value and arise when the indices of two Series don’t quite match up in this case.
While there aren’t any pictures to be found in this sheet, it is an incredibly detailed set of notes on the pandas DataFrame. This cheat shines with its complete section on time series and statistics. There are methods for calculating covariance, correlation, and regression here. So, if you are using pandas for some advanced statistics or any kind of scientific work, this is going to be your cheat sheet.
Where to go from here?
For just automating a few tedious tasks at work, or using pandas to replace your crashing Excel spreadsheet, everything covered in these cheat sheets should be entirely sufficient for your purposes.
If you are looking to use pandas for Data Science, then you are only going to be limited by your knowledge of statistics and probability. This is the area that most people lack when they try to enter this field. I highly recommend checking out Think Stats by Allen B Downey, which provides an introduction to statistics using Python.
For those a little more advanced, looking to do some machine learning, you will want to start taking a look at the scikit-learn library. Data Camp has a great cheat sheet for this. You will also want to pick up a linear algebra textbook to understand the theory of machine learning. For something more practical, perhaps give the famous Kaggle Titanic machine learning competition.
Learning about pandas has many uses, and can be interesting simply for its own sake. However, Python is massively in demand right now, and for that reason, it is a high-income skill. At any given time, there are thousands of people searching for somebody to solve their problems with Python. So, if you are looking to use Python to work as a freelancer, then check out the Finxter Python Freelancer Course. This provides the step by step path to go from nothing to earning a full-time income with Python in a few months, and gives you the tools to become a six-figure developer! | <urn:uuid:f9ecaf98-d5db-4ef2-aa49-1f0a07a3e2b6> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://blog.finxter.com/pandas-cheat-sheets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494974.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127065356-20230127095356-00129.warc.gz | en | 0.920889 | 1,662 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Knowledge and Beauty in Classical Islam
An Aesthetic Reading of the Muqaddima by Ibn Khaldūn
This volume offers an aesthetic reading of the Muqaddima by Ibn Khaldūn (d. 1406), a text that has been studied up to the present as a work on historiography. It argues that the Muqaddima is also a comprehensive treatise on classical Arab-Islamic culture and provides a picture of classical Arab-Islamic aesthetics in its totality.
The theme of the book is the intrinsic connection between beauty and knowledge in the Muqaddima. Whenever Ibn Khaldūn deals with the problem of knowledge and science, he also deals with the problem of sensual beauty as an instrument or an obstacle to attain it. Ibn Khaldūn’s philosophy of history is necessarily also an aesthetics of history. His key-notion of “group feeling”, the physical, ethic and aesthetic virtue of Bedouin societies, is at once the origin of the ascent of centralised States and the cause of their ruin. It represents a tragic contradiction that applies to the history of the Maghreb but then takes a universal value. It reflects a range of other contradictions inherent to the "system" of classical Arab-Islamic aesthetics. These contradictions undermine the aesthetic system of the Muqaddima from within and provide decisive elements for the emergence of modern aesthetics.
Offering a comparative approach, the volume is a key resource to scholars and students interested in Arabic and Islamic studies, philosophy, aesthetics and global history.
1. Ibn Khaldūn
2. Beauty and knowledge
3. Knowledge and beauty in history
4. Human geography and the Unseen world
5. Bedouin society
6. The dawn of Islam
7. Sedentary civilisation: the aesthetic State
8. The Muqaddima as a tragedy | <urn:uuid:62e18fba-143b-4513-b019-ddbe9cbb8890> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://wardahbooks.com/products/knowledgeandbeautyinclassicalislam | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494974.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127065356-20230127095356-00129.warc.gz | en | 0.911298 | 405 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The advancement of solar technology has given us a new way of generating electricity and it is slowly but surely replacing traditional methods such as using UPS to power our gadgets. This replacement is taking place due to the many benefits that solar mobile power sources offer. There are many reasons to switch to solar mobile power sources. The first reason is that solar energy is a renewable resource. This means that it will never run out and we can rely on it for our energy needs. The second reason is that solar energy is environmentally friendly. It does not produce harmful emissions like some other forms of energy production do. The third reason is that solar energy is cost-effective in the long run.
Solar mobile power sources are a cost-effective alternative to UPS systems
The use of solar mobile power source is becoming an increasingly popular choice for businesses as an alternative to using traditional UPS systems. Solar power provides a number of advantages over traditional UPS systems, including decreased installation and maintenance costs, the elimination of noise and emissions, and increased reliability. Businesses that are looking for a more sustainable and cost-effective way to power their operations should consider solar mobile power sources as an option. As the need for uninterrupted power has grown, so too has the cost of traditional uninterruptible power systems (UPS). Not only are these systems expensive to purchase and maintain, but they also take up significant space in data centers and other critical facilities. Solar mobile power sources offer a more cost-effective and space-efficient alternative to UPS power solar systems, providing reliable backup power without the high price tag or large footprint.
Advantages and disadvantages of using Sunpower solar panels
The use of solar energy is becoming increasingly popular across the globe as the technology continues to develop and prices drop. One of the most popular types of solar energy is Sunpower solar panels. Sunpower panels are made up of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electrical energy. While Sunpower solar panels have many advantages, they also have a few disadvantages.
Sunpower solar panels are a premium product and as such, come with a correspondingly high price tag. However, they also boast some significant advantages over traditional photovoltaic panels. Sunpower panels have the highest efficiency rating of any solar panel on the market today. This means that they convert more sunlight into electrical energy than any other type of panel. There are several advantages and disadvantages to using Sunpower solar panels advantages:
- Sunpower panels are more efficient than traditional solar panels, meaning they produce more electricity.
- Sunpower panels can be installed on rooftops or on the ground.
- Sunpower solar panels are some of the most efficient panels on the market. They can convert up to 22 percent of sunlight into electricity, compared to just 10-15 percent for other types of solar panels.
- Sunpower panels also have a 25-year product warranty, the highest in the industry. This means that you can be assured that your panels will continue to produce electricity for decades, regardless of how much sunlight they receive.
It is clear that solar-powered mobile phone chargers offer many advantages over traditional UPS battery backups. They are cheaper to operate and maintain, they are more environmentally friendly, and they can be used to power a wider range of electronics devices. Additionally, solar chargers offer a number of unique benefits that are not available with traditional UPS systems. | <urn:uuid:d0f8aae1-e7db-4476-a216-cf2e6de3d99b> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://ideasforeurope.com/why-solar-mobile-power-sources-are-better-than-ups-power/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499634.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128121809-20230128151809-00209.warc.gz | en | 0.953507 | 685 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Now, scientists at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) have introduced a novel sort of magnetic ink that releases electrical devices with self – healing properties. The UCSD scientists believe that such self – healing quality will create printed electronics far stronger and hence more viable for a number of novel applications.
“Our work comprises considerable promise for extensive practical applications for enduring printed electrical devices,” says Joseph Wang, director of the Centre for Wearable Sensors and head of the nano-engineering department at the UC San Diego.
According to the study, the scientist prepared micro-particles that direct themselves in a specific manner when in the presence of a magnetic arena. Unlike other self – healing substances, this one does not need an exterior force to boost the self – healing procedure. The substance is capable of rectifying tears as extensive as three millimetres that as per record in the annals of self – healing substances.
And it gathers itself up rather swiftly. The self – healing substance can rectify tears in 50 milliseconds, other self – healing substances can take minutes to rectify themselves. For analysing the healing properties, the scientists utilized the ink to structure printed batteries. They cut the substance or tore them apart, it never lost its potential to heal itself, nor did it trailingmore than a small bit of its conductivity.
To prepare the ink able to pull itself together, the scientists stuffed it with a magnetic substance called neodymium. The magnetic group of such particles is bigger than their actual portion, and so when the substance is torn, the particles just drag it all back together.
The constraint that the scientists had to combat was the magnetic substance of the particles cancelling each other out. The trick was another range of magnetic field. When the ink was printed in the type of a circuit, it was prepared in the presence of another magnetic substance that made the particles direct themselves as a stable and permanent magnet at the two polar ends of the printable device.
With single end of the positive and the other end of the negative, the two magnets attract each other when separated into two parts.
It appears as a boon for the wearable electronics and perhaps a range of other applications in which printed electrical devices has appeared promising but still not really been able to breakthrough. Among such other users of this method are the sensors and batteries. Now it is expected to see the lucrative returns and feasibilities that these devices could bring to their users and the range of applications that can be served with such printable electronics.
Filed Under: News | <urn:uuid:9153b7e2-bb3b-43ea-83e9-fafc82551d2a> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.engineersgarage.com/printable-electrical-devices-that-can-self-heal-before-your-eyes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499634.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128121809-20230128151809-00209.warc.gz | en | 0.950269 | 521 | 3.5625 | 4 |
During the same week when House Republicans passed a bill forbidding scientists from advising the EPA on its own research, NASA climate scientists (coincidentally but maybe inconveniently) released a video documenting A Year in the Life of Earth’s CO2. According to NASA, “The visualization is a product of a simulation called ‘Nature Run,'” which “ingests real data on atmospheric conditions and the emission of greenhouse gases and both natural and man-made particulates. The model is then left to run on its own and simulate the natural behavior of the Earth’s atmosphere.” The video above visualizes how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traveled around the globe from January 2006 through December 2006. Hopefully the take-away isn’t look at all the pretty colors. The video is in the public domain and can be downloaded here.
To learn more about climate change, see the University of Chicago’s course, Global Warming. It’s a free 23-lecture course presented by David Archer, a professor in the Department of The Geophysical Sciences. | <urn:uuid:eb25e55f-e4ba-4015-be64-909ed8962499> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.openculture.com/2014/11/a-year-in-the-life-of-earths-co2-a-striking-visualization.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499634.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128121809-20230128151809-00209.warc.gz | en | 0.926972 | 224 | 3.265625 | 3 |
In this day and age many remarkable feats of science have been accomplished. What people fifty years ago would have sworn would always be the product of Science Fiction are now everyday realities that we take for granted. Products like our smartphones, skype, artificial intelligence, and let’s not forget insect cyborgs. Yes, that is correct, scientists are well at work at creating an insect that is part machine and can carry out the demands from humans operating them via remote. But why?
These days there is much fascination given to the idea of building robots, and for a multitude of reasons. For years scientists had looked to bugs to gain a better understanding of the mechanics involved in robot construction. But now we are making them into robots.
Scientists are already capable of controlling a moth’s flight path with implanted electronics. And recently a group of apparently mad scientists implanted electrodes into the muscles of beetles to control where and how they moved. The idea behind these ethically questionable experiments is to develop ways in which people could potentially spy on other people via electric beetles. These electric bugs could also be used for search and rescue missions to gain access to areas where people may be trapped and are inaccessible to humans themselves. Lets hope nothing nefarious results from this; bugs are creepy enough as they are.
If you could create any type of insect robot, what would you make? | <urn:uuid:e0eb8ec5-dcd0-4266-a273-4869c21bc6ce> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://bugbustersusa.com/2016/06/22/the-terminator-meets-a-bugs-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499758.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129180008-20230129210008-00289.warc.gz | en | 0.965415 | 276 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The increase in the service life of the constant temperature and humidity experiment box is not only related to the collective maintenance of the equipment, but also has a lot to do with the maintenance of individual parts inside the equipment. There is not a good saying: details determine success or failure. If the maintenance of the internal parts of the experiment box is in place, then the maintenance of the experiment box will be more effective. So now the editor specially explains the maintenance items of the condenser in the equipment:
Cooling is an important part of this constant temperature and humidity experiment box, and an important parameter for judging the function of a device. This device is composed of compressor, condenser, saving device, and evaporator. Among them, the compressor is the "heart" of the refrigeration system. It can convert low-temperature and low-pressure gas into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and condense into liquid to release heat, which is taken away by a fan to achieve a cooling effect.
In order to ensure the demand for cooling rate and lower temperature of the experiment box, the refrigeration system of this experimental instrument uses a cascade refrigeration system composed of imported compressors. This refrigeration system is equipped with reasonable matching, convenient operation and high reliability. The advantages.
The principle of refrigeration operation
The refrigeration cycle is composed of two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes. The refrigerant in the constant temperature and humidity experiment box is adiabaticly compressed to a relatively high pressure by the compressor, which consumes work and raises the temperature of the exhaust gas. After that, the refrigerant exchanges heat through the medium around the condenser and transfers the heat to the surrounding medium. | <urn:uuid:6a49a682-d959-45e7-9058-44b536ca0851> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.instrumentvip.com/new-detail/Introduction-of-constant-temperature-and-humidity-box-refrigeration-system_2315.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499758.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129180008-20230129210008-00289.warc.gz | en | 0.906159 | 358 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Unrest in Chile
In 2020, Chileans would head to the ballot box to decide their country's future. Many international observers credited Chile's decades of neoliberal governance with turning the country into Latin America's "Tiger," a prosperous, diversified economy on its way to becoming the continent's first developed country. But in October of 2019, a mass protest movement ground the country to a halt and shocked its political class, showing the world a different Chile-one defined by inequality, social distrust, and a young generation of political activists. As Chile prepared to vote in the fall of 2020 on whether to adopt a new constitution, could it sculpt a more equitable society while remaining "the exception" on a continent known for its political instability? Or would Chile's prosperity go the same way as its neoliberal experiment?
- प्रतिलिपि अधिकार:
- 2020 HBS
Choosing a Book Format
EPUB is the standard publishing format used by many e-book readers including iBooks, Easy Reader, VoiceDream Reader, etc. This is the most popular and widely used format.
DAISY format is used by GoRead, Read2Go and most Kurzweil devices.
Audio (MP3) format is used by audio only devices, such as iPod.
Braille format is used by Braille output devices.
DAISY Audio format works on DAISY compatible players such as Victor Reader Stream.
Accessible Word format can be unzipped and opened in any tool that supports .docx files. | <urn:uuid:68c476c1-ea7c-4e6a-8315-b726167587ee> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://nepal.bookshare.org/ne/bookshare/book/3557238 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499831.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130232547-20230131022547-00369.warc.gz | en | 0.923026 | 339 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Can My Child Survive Boredom?
Updated: Sep 1, 2019
This is part one in a two part series on the benefits of boredom and how to use this time to increase mindfulness skills over the summer.
Why Boredom is Beneficial
“I’m bored!” These words are frequently heard throughout the summer. Boredom is often perceived as an unpleasant state of being, so as parents and caregivers the urge can be to swoop in to your child’s rescue. Are we actually taking opportunity away from children by not allowing them to be bored? Surprisingly, the answer may be yes. If your child has ADD or ADHD, it is important to maintain some structure and schedule, and during the long days of summer, a bit of boredom can be just as beneficial. It is possible to work towards balancing boredom and structured time.
Benefits of Boredom and the Brain
In his article on what boredom does to our brains, Professor Peter Enticott tells us that boredom can activate parts of the brain connected with emotions like fear. What’s worth noting, is that he also says boredom has been shown to spark activity in the prefrontal cortex. This is the area of the brain that helps us plan and guides goal-directed behavior, so for students with ADHD, boredom could be a great spark for creativity.
Kaari Vasquez, M.S., CCC-SLP, a Dallas based Speech Pathologist has this to say about boredom from both her professional and parenting perspective. “As a mom, I have seen the benefits of allowing my children to be bored. They have incredible imaginations and some outcomes of these times of boredom range from the creation of a bowling game with socks and empty water bottles to creating their own comic books.” Vasquez goes on to say, “As a speech language pathologist, I encourage the families I work with to allow and encourage their children to have time for imaginative play versus drill work or always being ‘on the go.’ Imaginative play is an important developmental skill and may at first need to be supported, but in time this support results in rich language development.”
The Mindfulness of Boredom
In his article, Is Boredom All Bad?, Ed Halliwell challenges the notion that boredom is a “bad thing” and that we must have “hurried attempts to be rid of it.” He says, “Mindfulness invites us to see boredom not as something to reject, but rather to know, understand, and even embrace.” He encourages us to not resist it. So, how can this be applied to those lazy summer mornings or afternoons when boredom may be reigning in your household? Take just a few moments to explore boredom with your child. When your child labels his or her experience as being bored, Halliwell encourages us to question the experience, such as asking, “Where in my body am I feeling this?” and “What thoughts are in my mind?”
After exploring this experience of boredom, Halliwell suggests a practice that could involve one or more of the five senses. Perhaps you ask your child to find something they look at all the time and try to look at it as though they’ve never seen it before. What do they see that they never noticed? Or maybe you ask your child to sit somewhere in the house and listen for sounds they’ve never noticed before. You could even apply this practice to something your child eats every day by taking the time to look at it and eat it slowly, exploring the textures and tastes.
So, What Does This Mean for Our Schedule?
Please join me next week for part two of this blog post, where we’ll explore how you can implement some “structured” boredom time for you child. This may sound like a bit of a contradiction, but it’s important to remember that there are specific boundaries children with ADD and ADHD need from us as parents. Next week I’ll offer some practical tips and strategies that will help you support your child direct his efforts into creative and problem-solving endeavors as he seeks novelty.
I’d love to hear how your boredom time and daily schedule are going. For more support or resources, or to share any thoughts you have, please contact me at email@example.com. Remember, modeling what you are asking your children to do is one of the most powerful ways to spark curiosity and to get buy-in for a change you are asking them to make. See if you can curious and set aside a little boredom time for yourself!
Holly Martinson, M.Ed., RYT-200
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And animators need more than drawing ability and technical skill to have successful animation careers. This is a more economic technique. For Employers. Russia's Soyuzmultfilm animation studio, founded in 1936, produced 20 films (including shorts) per year on average and reached 1,582 titles in 2018. Animators produce images that appear to come to life on screen. While US animated series also spawned successes internationally, many other countries produced their own child-oriented programming, relatively often preferring stop motion and puppetry over cel animation. Animation as an art and industry continues to thrive as of the early 2020s. Unter einer Amputation versteht man die operative oder traumatische Abtrennung eines Körperteils. , Another problem unique to animation is the requirement to maintain a film's consistency from start to finish, even as films have grown longer and teams have grown larger. Animation has traditionally been very closely related to comic books. Their work is found in feature films, commercials, pop videos, computer games, websites and other media. What does an animator do, anyway? So not only does the animation need to look good, it needs to look good from every possible angle. The UCLA Animation Workshop has been turning out innovative and accomplished artists for more than half a century, never more so than in the past decade, as the popularity and commercial impact of the genre has exploded. It would take some more years before animation reached movie theatres. They need to be storytellers with a flair for the dramatic. 7 Careers in computer animation for creative types. Some of the original content produced for the screen can be used and marketed in other media. The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, first drawn on paper. The enormous success of Mickey Mouse is seen as the start of the golden age of American animation that would last until the 1960s. Up and Toy Story 3 also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees from five to ten. Each student will undertake an intensive course of study including character animation, experimental concepts, fine art techniques and diverse applications, building a strong, global foundation before embarking upon an eventual area of concentration. Its primary use, however, has been in producing cost-effective animated content for media for television (the work of Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, and other TV animation studios) and later the Internet (web cartoons). , The most important difference is that once a film is in the production phase, the marginal cost of one more shot is higher for animated films than live-action films. Beauty and the Beast was the first animated film nominated for Best Picture. Of course, new technologies have changed animation drastically since then. Loading... Unsubscribe from Animation Sensation? With its popularity, a large amount of criticism has arisen, especially animated feature-length films. The Academy Award for a feature-length animated motion picture was only instituted for the year 2001, and awarded during the 74th Academy Awards in 2002. The original awards for animation were presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for animated shorts from the year 1932, during the 5th Academy Awards function. Animators and animation artists work on movies, multimedia educational tools and games, marketing tools, commercials, video games, computer games, and more. Flash Animator. Partly due to foreign markets being cut off by the Second World War, Disney's next features Pinocchio, Fantasia (both 1940) and Fleischer Studios' second animated feature Mr. Bug Goes to Town (1941/1942) failed at the box office. It is pointless for a studio to pay the salaries of dozens of animators to spend weeks creating a visually dazzling five-minute scene if that scene fails to effectively advance the plot of the film. Unlike the Academy Awards, the Annie Awards are only received for achievements in the field of animation and not for any other field of technical and artistic endeavour. The 1990s winners were dominated by Walt Disney; however, newer studios, led by Pixar & DreamWorks, have now begun to consistently vie for this award. These creative professionals develop characters that use movement to tell a story, whether it’s for film, television, video games or mobile applications. Today, most animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Not only the very popular 3D animation style was generated with computers, but also most of the films and series with a more traditional hand-crafted appearance, in which the charming characteristics of cel animation could be emulated with software, while new digital tools helped developing new styles and effects.. When you play a game, you'll have complete control of the character and the camera. New technologies will continue to lead to new opportunities, and it doesn’t appear as though America has any intention of losing interest in animation. Updated June 1, 2020. 2D animation has many applications, including analog computer animation, Flash animation, and PowerPoint animation. It is relatively easy for two or three artists to match their styles; synchronizing those of dozens of artists is more difficult. It is relatively easy for a director to ask for one more take during principal photography of a live-action film, but every take on an animated film must be manually rendered by animators (although the task of rendering slightly different takes has been made less tedious by modern computer animation). While very many animation companies commercially exploit their creations outside moving image media, The Walt Disney Company is the best known and most extreme example. , Other techniques can be applied, mathematical functions (e.g., gravity, particle simulations), simulated fur or hair, and effects, fire and water simulations. Bei der Wiedergabe einer solchen Sequenz mit ca. This list is in random order and purely subjective. Interested students should declare pre-major intent and complete DESAN 101. The flip book often contained more pictures and had a beginning and end, but its animation would not last longer than a few seconds. Today, most animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). The two major types of animation are 2-D and 3-D. 2-D animation consists of flat graphics and text usually seen in cartoons or advertisements while 3-D animation uses computer-generated images (CGI) to create a more realistic look. In the early 1960s, animation studios began hiring professional screenwriters to write screenplays (while also continuing to use story departments) and screenplays had become commonplace for animated films by the late 1980s. Animated feature-length films returned the highest gross margins (around 52%) of all film genres between 2004 and 2013. is Disney's description of animation jobs in their studio. In such a specialized and competitive field, it’s important to be sure you’ve got the chops to succeed before investing your time and energy into pursuing an animation career path. This process is called rigging and can be used in conjunction with key frames to create movement. Bachelor's Degree in Animation A strong interest in drawing, the arts and computer technology are strongly recommended for students interested in an animation major. Cinemagraphs are still photographs in the form of an animated GIF file of which part is animated. The traditional cel animation process became obsolete by the beginning of the 21st century. Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks created a series of Alice Comedies (1923–1927), in which a live-action girl enters an animated world. In 1928, Steamboat Willie, featuring Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse, popularized film with synchronized sound and put Walt Disney's studio at the forefront of the animation industry. They were re-organized in 1992 to create a new field for Best Animated Feature. Switch from cel animation to computer animation, Spin-off enterprises: other media, merchandise and theme parks, Other animation styles, techniques, and approaches. Many American studios, including Warner Bros. and Disney, lent their talents and their cartoon characters to convey the public of certain war values. Stories and images can easily be adapted into children's books and other printed media. Animation Interactive Technology Video Graphics and Special Effects Major. The information is out there and actually pretty easy to find, just keep looking. The Animation BFA program is a limited enrollment program requiring departmental admissions approval. The stop-motion film techniques were used very well in the 1963 film Jason and the Argonauts by Ray Harryhausen, although they have actually been around since the very early days of film in the late 19th century. Students work in groups to find a 10- to 15-second piece of dialogue to use for a short animated piece. Though a Master’s in Animation degree fully prepares you to work for animation conglomerates such as Pixar and Dreamworks, your options are in fact even broader and more versatile. Live-action/animation is a technique combining hand-drawn characters into live action shots or live-action actors into animated shots. ", 3D animation is digitally modeled and manipulated by an animator. Animation is not just for kids to enjoy after school or on Saturday … Share #5. Apart from their success in movie theaters and television series, many cartoon characters would also prove extremely lucrative when licensed for all kinds of merchandise and for other media. Games are meant to be interactive. Stop-motion animation is used to describe animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement. Animators create animation and visual effects for everything from films and video games to television, mobile devices and other forms of media using illustrations and software programs. Just keep browsing the articles. This program is offered by the School of Communications/Electronic and Photographic Media Department and is only available at the St. Louis home campus. The mechanical manipulation of three-dimensional puppets and objects to emulate living beings has a very long history in automata. Squash and Stretch: The flexibility of objects to exaggerate or add appeal to a movement. , "Animate" redirects here. To get right to the point, the 12 principles of animation are: Timing and Spacing: The number of frames between two poses, and how those individual frames are placed. Effective 1 June 2020 through 31 May 2021Please see the Temporary Adjustments to Policy on Grading for Undergraduate Courses for Spring 2020. Limited animation uses fewer drawings per second, thereby limiting the fluidity of the animation. In 1937, Walt Disney Studios premiered their first animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, still one of the highest-grossing traditional animation features as of May 2020[update]. Since the early 1980s, teams of about 500 to 600 people, of whom 50 to 70 are animators, typically have created feature-length animated films. Since first being licensed for a children's writing tablet in 1929, their Mickey Mouse mascot has been depicted on an enormous amount of products, as have many other Disney characters. Aside from animation, you can also work in directing, storyboarding and writing animated films. I saw a “frog and toad” stop motion animation when I was in fourth grade I knew there was nothing else on earth I wanted to do more. Many concerns of cultural representation, psychological effects on children have been brought up around the animation industry, which has remained rather politically unchanged and stagnant since its inception into mainstream culture.. Die Einzelbilder können gezeichnet, vom Computer berechnet oder fotografische Aufnahmen sein. Create animation with fundamental and technical proficiency. and digital forms. Anticipation: The setup for an action to happen. The following lists of animation studios presents current and former organizations similar to artists studios but principally dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films.Such studios may be actual production facilities or corporate entities. Successful graduates of the animation program will be able to: For information on the general requirements for a degree, see Baccalaureate Degree Requirements under the Academic Policies and Information section of this catalog. The United States dominated the world market of animation with a plethora of cel-animated theatrical shorts. During World War II, animation was widely exploited for propaganda. Since 2009, the European Film Awards have awarded the European Film Award for Best Animated Film. Animation is a competitive area but work experience can help to develop your technical skill set, build your network, and give you access to further opportunities. Television and video are popular electronic animation media that originally were analog and now operate digitally. The first to create much longer sequences seems to have been Charles-Émile Reynaud, who between 1892 and 1900 had much success with his 10- to 15-minute-long Pantomimes Lumineuses. Purdue University offers Animation as one of its Computer Graphics Technology majors. focusing on storytelling, motion, drawing, performance and expression through traditional Applicable University Global Citizenship Program hours, ART 1110 Introduction to Drawing (3 hours), ANIM 3010 Voicing Your Creation (3 hours), ANIM 4700 Professional Development in Animation (3 hours), SCPT 3300 Writing the Short Script (3 hours), ANIM 1200 3D Character Sculpting (3 hours), ANIM 2010 Experimental Animation (3 hours), ANIM 3150 Special Topics in Animation (3 hours), ANIM 3200 3D Animation and Rigging (3 hours), ANIM 4200 3D Animated Short Film (3 hours), ANIM 4400 Photorealistic 3D Animation (3 hours), FLST 1000 Film and Television Appreciation (3 hours), SCPT 3500 Writing Screenplays for Film (3 hours), SPCM 3500 Presentations for Media Professionals (3 hours). 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What happens when you mix vinegar and baking powder?
When baking soda is mixed with vinegar, something new is formed. The mixture quickly foams up with carbon dioxide gas. If enough vinegar is used, all of the baking soda can be made to react and disappear into the vinegar solution.
What is the chemical reaction of baking powder?
When combined with water, the sodium bicarbonate and acid salts react to produce gaseous carbon dioxide. Whether commercially or domestically prepared, the principles behind baking powder formulations remain the same. The acid-base reaction can be generically represented as shown: NaHCO3 + H+ ? Na+ + CO2 + H2O.
How does baking soda and vinegar make a chemical reaction?
Can you mix baking powder and white vinegar?
According to Amanda Morris, associate chair of the chemistry department at Virginia Tech University, baking soda and vinegar basically cancel each other out when they’re mixed — unless you use them the right way, in the right time frame.
Is mixing baking powder and water a chemical change?
Is mixing water and baking soda a chemical change? Yes, mixing water and baking soda is a chemical change because it changes the composition of the water.
What happens when you mix baking powder and water?
The baking powder reacts with water to produce bubbles, while baking soda does not react with water.
Is baking powder and baking soda same?
Baking soda is pure sodium bicarbonate, with nothing else in that box. In order for it to produce the gas, it needs an acid added. … Baking powder is a combination of sodium bicarbonate and powdered acid (like cream of tartar). Because it already contains an acid, all it needs is moisture and heat added to activate it.
Can vinegar and baking soda be mixed?
Here are some recipes to try. Freshen your sink by mixing one part of baking soda with two parts of vinegar. This mixture unlocks an effervescent fizz of carbon dioxide that cleans and freshen drains.
Is mixing vinegar and baking soda safe?
`Baking soda is basic and vinegar is acidic,` says Bock. `When you put them together you get mostly water and sodium acetate. But really, just mostly water.` Plus, vinegar causes baking soda to foam up. If stored in a closed container, the mixture can explode.
What should you not mix with vinegar?
3 Cleaning Products That You Should Not Mix With Vinegar
- Bleach And Vinegar. Bleach and vinegar might seem like they would be a powerful disinfectant combination. …
- Hydrogen Peroxide And Vinegar. …
- Baking Soda And Vinegar.
Is vinegar a physical or chemical reaction?
Common physical changes include melting, change of size, volume, color, density, and crystal form. The classic baking soda and vinegar reaction provides evidence of a chemical change due to the formation of a gas and a temperature change.
What combination of vinegar and baking soda creates the biggest eruption?
Adding vinegar to baking soda gives you an immediate reaction. Adding baking soda to vinegar, the reaction is delayed, but then fizzes the same amount. More vinegar is better. A 12 to 1 ratio of vinegar to baking soda caused a fizzing explosion!
Does baking powder fizz in vinegar?
What did you observe? The baking soda reacted faster with vinegar than baking powder did and also produced more bubbles. The baking powder also bubbled when vinegar was added, but the overall reaction was slower and the bubbles did not rise as high in the cup as they did with baking soda.
Is baking soda and vinegar endothermic?
Baking soda reacts with the vinegar to produce carbon dioxide gas, sodium acetate, and water. … Since more energy was needed to break the baking soda and vinegar apart, the temperature went down. This reaction is called an endothermic reaction.
Why does baking powder react with water and baking soda does not?
What happens when you mix salt and baking powder?
The chemicals react to form calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, and carbon dioxide gas.
What happen if mixing liquid milk and vinegar?
Once the vinegar and milk are mixed, the reaction has occurred and the protein has been denatured. The resulting curds and whey cannot be separated back into vinegar and milk. … The vinegar and milk react to form curds (a solid) and whey (a liquid). These curds cannot be returned to vinegar and milk.
Can you mix baking powder and salt?
Yes it does, if you add to much baking powder and salt, it will cause it to release more CO2 making whatever you are cooking much larger than it … The products of mixing baking soda and vinegar are carbonic acid and the salt sodium acetate.
Is baking powder unhealthy?
Baking powder is a nontoxic additive. Taken in small quantities, baking powder has no particular effect on the human body. That said, it is possible to overdose on or have an allergic reaction to one or more ingredients in baking powder, such as to baking soda.
Does baking powder go bad?
As expected, baking powder does go bad. Or rather, it loses its luster. The chemical compound—often a combination of baking soda, cream of tartar, and cornstarch—is only supposed to last somewhere from six months to a year. It’s sensitive to moisture, so any unexpected humidity could ruin your can.
What happens if I use baking powder instead of baking soda?
Too much baking soda could create a mess in the oven; and even if everything bakes up well, the flavor will be heinous. If you accidentally use baking powder instead of baking soda, the taste could be bitter, and your cake or baked goods won’t be as fluffy.
What chemicals should not be mixed?
- Bleach and Ammonia = Toxic Chloramine Vapor. Bleach and ammonia are two common household cleaners that should never be mixed. …
- Bleach and rubbing alcohol = Toxic chloroform. …
- Bleach and vinegar = Toxic Chlorine Gas. …
- Vinegar and Peroxide = Paracetic Acid. …
- Peroxide and Henna Hair Dye = Hair Nightmare.
What do you observe when you mix vinegar and baking soda How do you perform a test for evolving gas?
Explanation: when we will mix vinegar and baking soda as they are acids and base respectively they will form fizz and carbon dioxide. we will perform a test for evolving gas by putting a burning match stick near it. when we will place the match stick near it it will extinguish with a pop sound.
Does baking soda and vinegar dissolve hair?
Combining baking soda and vinegar is a natural way to dissolve hair clogs, without resorting to harsh chemicals.
What should you not mix with baking soda?
20 Household Cleaning Products You Shouldn’t Mix
- Baking Soda and Vinegar. …
- Hydrogen Peroxide and Vinegar. …
- Ammonia and Bleach. …
- Vinegar and Bleach. …
- Bleach and Rubbing Alcohol. …
- Different Drain Cleaners. …
- Mildew Stain Remover and Bleach. …
- Bleach and Toilet Bowl Cleaner.
Is baking soda and vinegar corrosive?
The other thing to be careful of with baking soda is combining it with something acidic, like vinegar or lemon juice. As the chemicals combine with that satisfying fizz, they form a gas. If you combine them in a sealed container, like a soda bottle, it could potentially explode and harm you.
Is vinegar ammonia based?
Because vinegar is acidic and ammonia basic, they cancel each other out, essentially creating salt water and robbing both components of their cleaning properties.
What household items react with vinegar?
Acids such as those found in tile or toilet bowl cleaners, vinegar and lemon juice can react with ammonia and sodium hydroxide, both of which are basic. Ammonia solutions will undergo a neutralization reaction with an acid; vinegar and ammonia, for example, form ammonium acetate.
Does vinegar react with alcohol?
When people wonder whether or not you should mix rubbing alcohol and vinegar, they’re typically worried that one of the substances will neutralize the other and lessen the effectiveness of the mix. Thankfully, rubbing alcohol and vinegar work well together, and mixing them can make up for the weaknesses of the other.
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Baking soda and vinegar reaction physical or chemical, What affects the rate of the baking soda and vinegar reaction, When baking soda is added to vinegar which gas is produced, Baking soda and vinegar co2 calculator, Vinegar and baking soda, Baking soda and vinegar experiment, Acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate type of reaction, Baking soda and vinegar experiment conclusion. | <urn:uuid:d2062c66-bcfe-4610-b783-961947e64b33> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://eatatrasa.com/baking-powder-and-vinegar-chemical-reaction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00609.warc.gz | en | 0.907761 | 1,838 | 2.71875 | 3 |
||Produced actively by the immune system of the host.
||Received passively by the host and the host immune system does not participate.
||Induced by infection or by contacts with immunogens.
||Conferred by introduction of ready-made antibodies.
||Immune response is durable and effective.
||Immune response is short lived and less effective.
||Immunity develops only after a lag period.
||Immunity effective immediately.
||Immunological memory present due to presence of memory cells.
||No immunological memory.
||Subsequent challenge with booster dose more effective.
|| Subsequent administration of antibody is less effective due to immune elimination.
||After antigenic stimulus, negative phase may occur due to antigen combining with any pre-existing antibody in blood.
|| No negative phase is present here.
||Serves no purpose in immuno-defecient host.
|| Applicable in immuno-defecient host.
||Used for prophylaxis to increase body resistance.
|| Used for treatment of acute infection.
||Side effects are very low.
|| The body may react to antisera.
||Artificial active immunity is induced by vaccination.
||Artificial passive immunity is induced by injection of antibodies.
||A lag period is present.
A lag period is absent.
Image source: onlinesciencenotes
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In the video above Dr. Soheil Ahaddian explains what Somatization Disorder is and the symptoms that appear with it.
A history of many physical complaints beginning before age 30 years that occur over a period of several years and result in treatment being sought or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Each of the following criteria must have been met, with individual symptoms occurring at any time during the course of the disturbance:
(1) four pain symptoms: a history of pain related to at least four different sites or functions (e.g., head, abdomen, back, joints, extremities, chest, rectum, during menstruation, during sexual intercourse, or during urination)
(2) two gastrointestinal symptoms: a history of at least two gastrointestinal symptoms other than pain (e.g., nausea, bloating, vomiting other than during pregnancy diarrhea, or intolerance of several different foods)
(3) one sexual symptom: a history of at least one sexual or reproductive symptom other than pain (e.g., sexual indifference, erectile or ejaculatory dysfunction, irregular menses, excessive menstrual bleeding, vomiting throughout pregnancy)
(4) one pseudo-neurological symptom: a history of at least one symptom or deficit suggesting a neurological condition not limited to pain (conversion symptoms such as impaired coordination or balance, paralysis or localized weakness, difficulty swallowing or a lump in throat, aphonia, urinary retention, hallucinations, loss of touch or pain sensation, double vision, blindness, deafness, seizures; dissociative symptoms such as amnesia; or loss of consciousness other than fainting.
C. Either (1) or (2):
(1) after appropriate investigation, each of the symptoms in Criterion B cannot be fully explained by a known general medical condition or the direct effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication)
(2) when there is a related general medical condition, the physical complaints or resulting social or occupational impairment are in excess of what would be expected from the history, physical examination or laboratory findings
D. The symptoms are not intentionally produced or feigned (as in Factitious Disorder or Malingering)
- Associated features of Somatization Disorder (SD) include: vomiting, chest pain, dizziness, headaches, stomachaches, pain during sex, diminished sex drive, pain while passing urine, erectile dysfunction, irregular menstruation, joint pain, and back pain. Other types of symptoms are possible, but these are the most common. These symptoms are usually severe enough to interfere with patients’ daily lives and relationships. They are not to be taken lightly.
- Individuals diagnosed with Somatization Disorder make colorful, often exaggerated complaints. The complaints are often lacking in specific factual information. A checklist approach to diagnostic interviewing may be less effective than a thorough review of medical treatments and hospitalizations in documenting the pattern of frequent somatic complaints.
Child vs. Adult presentation
Children experience many of the same symptoms adults suffer from. The age of onset is typically during adolescence and the diagnosis criteria needs to be met by the 20s. If chronic, individuals rarely remit completely. Boys and girls experience symptoms equally until adolescence is reached. Once adolescence is reached, more girls report having somatization disorder than boys. Children tend to experience somatization disorder after a traumatic event in their life has taken place, such as divorce or death of a loved one.
Gender and cultural differences in presentation
- Somatization disorder is more prevalent in women than it is in men. Some studies provide that as much as two percent of women suffer from somatization disorder. The ratio of men to women that suffer from somatization disorder is about ten to one.
- Somatization disorder is found all over the world. Many cultures present with the same symptoms that are mentioned above, but others are different. Cross-cultural studies indicate that the symptoms people with somatization disorder experience may vary greatly from culture to culture. Some symptoms specific to South Asia and Africa include burning sensations in the hands and feet and the feeling of worms crawling or ants crawling under the skin, respectively. Prevalence is about 0.2% to 2% in women and less than 2% in men.
Somatization Disorder is not commonly found in the population. About 2% of women have it and 0.2% of men have it. Many people that suffer from somatization disorder also have anxiety disorders or depression or both.
Somatization disorder is caused by stress. The patient does not want to feel stress or anxiety so the patient transmits these feelings into physical symptoms. Some people also associate a stigma onto psychological therapy and if they feel pain or other symptoms they can go to a medical doctor and not a psychologist.
Empirically supported treatments
- There is not a known treatment for somatization disorder, but there are ways to manage symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to help the patient change and manage their thoughts. Patients are also encouraged to become more active. Anti-depressants can also be used to manage symptom, these treat by alleviating the depression or dysthymia. It is extremely difficult to treat but a combination of medical management and cognitive-behavioral therapy may be helpful.
- While empirical support may be lacking, there is a growing consensus that suggests that somatization disorder should be managed instead of treated. This simply means that primary care physicians, therapists, or any other caregivers should help patients control the behavior caused by SD instead of trying to cure it. An important goal of this method is preventing any unnecessary medical or surgical investigations. This could be accomplished by following five recommendations:
- One long-term and supportive relationship with a primary care physician that understands the situation should be established. This can prevent doctor shopping and lead to more coordinated support.
- Establish an appointment schedule for check-ups rather than seeing the patient on demand. This is done to avoid the reinforcement of abnormal behaviors caused by the disorder.
- A caregiver may regard certain physical complaints as a form of communication as well as possible evidence of a disease.
- The use of psychotropic drugs and analgesic medication should be minimized.
- Adaptive and positive behavior should be encouraged and promoted while sick role behavior is ignored whenever possible.
Proposed DSM5 Changes (DSM5.org)
Reclassification to Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder
Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder includes: previous diagnoses of Somatization Disorder, Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder, Hypochonddiasis, Pain Disorder Associated With Both Psychological Factors and a General Medical Condition, and Pain Disorder Associated with Psychological Factors
To meet criteria for CSSD, criteria A,B, and C are necessary.
A. Somatic Symptoms
One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing and/or result in significant disruption in daily life.
B. Excessive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors related to these somatic symptoms or associated health concerns:
At least two of the following are required to meet this criterion:
(1) High level of health-related anxiety.
(2) Disproportionate and persistent concerns about the medical seriousness of one’s symptoms.
(3) Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns
C. Chronicity: Although any one symptom may not be continuously present, the state of being symptomatic is chronic (at least 6 months).
For patients who fulfill the CSSD criteria, the following optional specifiers may be applied to a diagnosis of CSSD where one of the following dominates the clinical presentation:
1. Predominant somatic complaints (previously, somatization disorder)
2. Predominant health anxiety (previously, hypochondriasis). If patients present solely with health-related anxiety with minimal somatic symptoms, they may be more appropriately diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder.
3. Predominant Pain (previously pain disorder). This classification is reserved for individuals presenting predominantly with pain complaints who also have many of the features described under criterion B. Patients with other presentations of pain may better fit other psychiatric diagnoses such as adjustment disorder or psychological factors affecting a medical condition.
For assessing severity of CSSD, metrics are available for rating the presence and severity of somatic symptoms (see for instance PHQ, Kroenke et al, 2002). Scales are also available for assessing severity of the patient’s misattributions, excessive concerns and preoccupations (see for instance Whiteley inventory, Pilowsky , 1967).
Major Change #1: Rename Somatoform Disorders to Somatic Symptom Disorders and combine with PFAMC and Factitious Disorders
The workgroup suggests combining Somatoform Disorders, Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition (PFAMC), and Factitious Disorders into one group entitled “Somatic Symptom Disorders” because the common feature of these disorders is the central place in the clinical presentation of physical symptoms and/or concern about medical illness. The grouping of these disorders in a single section is based on clinical utility (these patients are mainly encountered in general medical settings), rather than assumptions regarding shared etiology or mechanism.
Major Change #2: Combine Somatization disorder, hypochondiasis, undiffereniated somatoform disorder, and pain disorder into a new category entitled “Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder” (CSSD)
Combine somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, undifferentiated somatoform disorder, and pain disorder into a new category entitled “Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder” (CSSD) which emphasizes the symptoms plus the patients’ abnormal cognitions (Barsky, Lowe, Rief). The term “complex” is intended to denote that in order for this diagnosis to be made, the symptoms must be persistent and must include both somatic symptoms (criterion A) as well as cognitive distortions (criterion B).
This is a major change in the diagnostic nomenclature, and it will likely have a major impact on diagnosis. It clarifies that a diagnosis of CSSD is inappropriate in the presence of only unexplained medical symptoms. Similarly, in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, CSSD should not be coded unless the other criterion (criterion B—attributions, etc) is present.
It is unclear how these changes would affect the base rate of disorders now recognized as somatoform disorders. One might conclude that the rate of diagnosis of CSSD would fall, particularly if some disorders previously diagnosed as somatoform were now diagnosed elsewhere (such as adjustment disorder). On the other hand, there are also considerable data to suggest that physicians actively avoid using the older diagnoses because they find them confusing or pejorative. So, with the CSSD classification, there may be an increase in diagnosis.
The proposal is to group together these heretofore separately recognized disorders because in fact, there are 3 diverse sources suggesting considerable overlap among them.
1. A 2009 study found that 52% of physicians surveyed indicated that there was “a lot of overlap” and an additional 38% thought that there was “some overlap” across these disorders. In contrast, less than 2% of physician respondents felt that these were “distinctly different disorders (Dimsdale, Sharma, & Sharpe, unpublished).
2. There are limited data regarding overlap in clinical settings. One primary care study, for instance, found that 20% of somatization disorder patients also had hypochondriasis (Escobar, 1998). In primary care patients, somatization disorder was 5 times ( Fink et al 2004) to 20 times (Barsky et al 1992) more common in hypochondriasis patients as compared to primary care patients without hypochondriasis.
3. Treatment interventions are similar in this group of disorders. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medications appear to be the most promising therapeutic approaches for hypochondriasis, somatization disorder, and pain disorder (Kroenke 2007; Sumathipala 2007). Although several variations of CBT have been employed, they share many elements in common. These include the identification and modification of dysfunctional and maladaptive beliefs about symptoms and disease, and behavioral techniques to alter illness and sick role behaviors and promote more effective coping. The literature on the use of antidepressants is more limited, but it too does not suggest any major distinctions in therapeutic response across these different disorders. In addition to these patient centered commonalities of treatment, all of these disorders benefit from specific interventions with the patient’s non-psychiatric physician (e.g. scheduling regular appointments as opposed to prn appointments, limiting testing and procedures unless clearly indicated) (Allen 2002).
A key issue is whether the guidelines for CSSD describe a valid construct and can be used reliably. A recent systematic review (Lowe, submitted for publication) shows that of all diagnostic proposals, only Somatic Symptom Disorder reflects all dimensions of current biopsychosocial models of somatization (construct validity) and goes beyond somatic symptom counts by including psychological and behavioral symptoms that are specific to somatization (descriptive validity). Predictive validity of most of the diagnostic proposals has not yet been investigated. | <urn:uuid:0c71465f-874a-4ad7-8576-f0535a3f7c84> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Achieving_the_Dream/Book%3A_Abnormal_Psychology_(Pelz)/08%3A_Case_Studies_of_Fictional_Characters/08.77%3A_Somatization_Disorder_(300.81) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00609.warc.gz | en | 0.932079 | 2,773 | 2.75 | 3 |
Learning Goals and Commitment to an Inclusive Curriculum
Statement of Pedagogical Commitment
History requires us to ask questions about the world we live in and challenges us to take action toward change. Historians must consider how dynamics of power shape all facets of human experience from the lives of the marginalized to the elite and how the historical record highlights or silences voices of the past.
The St. Lawrence History department is committed to a curriculum that exposes students to diverse perspectives and histories, such as the ways enslaved peoples fought for liberation, workers’ rights movements, the intimate relationships of families, and the power struggles of monarchs and presidents, to name only a few.
History faculty are committed to fostering a classroom environment which is welcoming and supportive, while also challenging students to analyze diverse perspectives. Learning to empathize with people and perspectives far removed from your own is an important skill, which requires a strong commitment to constructive dialogue and respectful debate.
Historians are often forced to grapple with viewpoints which conflict with their own identities, values and beliefs. To uncover the harsh realities of systematic oppression and the ways marginalized voices have fought back against this, historians must engage with the realities of violence and discrimination to learn from the past.
History classes confront tough issues and interrogate historical evidence which can be shocking and sometimes difficult to engage with. Faculty may assign historical and contemporary texts and images by scholars and artists who are deploying words and images not for discriminatory and hurtful purposes but to shine a light on the nature of inequality and oppression and/or to reclaim those words and images for the purposes of empowerment. We analyze these texts and historic primary sources to demonstrate and interrogate the full range of struggle and resistance that represent historically oppressed and marginalized peoples.
The study of history expands and enriches our understanding of the diversity of human lives over time across such boundaries as gender, culture, class, race, region, and religion. It helps us think about how and why the world we know came to be and about our own places in it.
This commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion in History classes informs each of our core departmental goals, which enable students to:
- Know historical facts, narratives, and methods
- Evaluate and interpret both primary and secondary sources and construct historical arguments
- Communicate effectively orally and in writing
- Conduct historical research
- See the historical roots of contemporary issues
*Banner Image- The "I'm a Man" mural at the top of this page was designed by rap artist Marcellous Lovelace in a modern graffiti style and installed by BLK75. It can be found on S Man St in Memphis, TN, USA, close to the National Civil Rights Museum. It shows the Sanitation Workers Protest March on March 28, 1968, an important event of the Civil Rights Movement, originally captured by photographer Richard L. Copley | <urn:uuid:58f2d9f3-d4f3-481a-8133-803a6621f74f> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.stlawu.edu/offices/history/learning-goals-and-commitment-inclusive-curriculum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00609.warc.gz | en | 0.941898 | 585 | 3.5 | 4 |
Many sports will focus on how you look. In some sports this can be heavily tended towards your weight, and in others your muscle tone. Whilst it is important that you look after your body, and prepare your muscles for the hard work you ask them to do when you train and compete, an unhealthy focus on these elements of yourself can have negative impacts on your mental health and self esteem.
Some actions and thoughts to consider;
Don't compare yourself to others, everyone has a naturally different body shape. Try and reframe your thinking to focus on your performance rather than your looks
Remember, a healthy body is one which will perform better - read about the importance of nutrition in the self-care section
Recognise the signs and symptoms of eating difficulties in yourself and others by learning more about them
Call out unhelpful comments and behaviours around body image, such as negative or derogatory comments | <urn:uuid:28be8a0d-64a0-458b-8d91-5832645a577e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.winningminds.org/body-image | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00609.warc.gz | en | 0.954094 | 192 | 2.78125 | 3 |
If you would like to contribute to this compendium please submit your ideas here
All will be considered for publication by our expert panel.
Japan’s oldest novel and perhaps even the world’s oldest is The Tale of Genji
The Tale of Genji written by Murasaki Shikibu, in 1010, during Japan’s Heian Period (794-1185) is said to be Japan’s oldest novel and perhaps even the world’s oldest novel, if a novel is defined as prose narrative of significant length.
However, there were also many poets and writers during this period and earlier including many notable women who wrote autobiographical narratives in diaries, memoirs and poetic writings and essays such as the Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon.
Fragments from the original scroll The Tale of Genji was written on have survived and are preserved at two Japanese museums.
© Red Circle Authors Limited | <urn:uuid:9e742268-16f7-4968-baaf-4a2eb1107a21> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.redcircleauthors.com/factbook/japans-oldest-novel-and-perhaps-even-the-worlds-oldest-novel-is-the-tale-of-genji/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500154.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204205328-20230204235328-00689.warc.gz | en | 0.986157 | 206 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Humour in children’s media
The child bubbles over with laughter, and you just stand there with question marks on your face and a polite imitation of a smile. Fart jokes and slapstick gloating are very popular. What’s to become of this child?
„Humour is the umbrella of the wise.“Erich Kästner
You, on the other hand, wonder when the age will come when your child will understand the more subtle jokes and references that make your heart beat faster.
Children learn humour as they learn all other social interactions: mainly through imitation. They start with what they understand. They try out, look at the reactions of their caregivers. Who’s laughing when? The why comes later, but it comes.
Humour also changes very quickly, depending on the age of the children. For example, it is difficult to address a broad audience in children’s films in a humorous way.
How to be funny and relevant
„Humour is certainly not the safest path to take. But it is a very effective tool in everyday life. It is certainly about more than entertainment. After all, entertainment has only played a major role in human history for a fairly short time. Before that, people had no time for entertainment at all. The original function of humour, which was already important for cavemen, is different: to cope with our unpredictable environment. Humour and laughter is the victory over fear and insecurity. That’s the very function of humour.“Bob Mankoff, chief cartoonist for The New Yorker magazine, in an interview with Wirtschaftswoche, April 20, 2014
Two weeks ago I attended the event How to be funny and relevant – Humor in Children’s Film at the Film University Babelsberg as part of the Academy for Children’s Media. The series of lectures followed by a panel discussion, made possible by the Förderverein Deutscher Kinderfilm, the Film University Babelsberg Konrad Wolf and X Filme Creative Pool, examined the topic from a number of interestingly different angles.
Speakers were Dr. André F. Nebe (director, author, researcher), Pauline Kortmann (animator, director, photographer) and Frederik Hansen (Chief Executive Monkey at the Danish production company OK Monkey).
Hey, hey, Wickie!
„A successful children’s film should be exciting and funny“Dr. André F. Nebe
Dr. André F. Nebe has made the incredible effort to meticulously comb through some German children’s film productions for humorous moments and to sort them by type of humor and compare them with each other.
Why? Because children probably have the desire for both exciting and funny films. Humour as transport material for the more serious topics, so to speak. Ideally, I’d say.
My personal comment on this : Children want to be entertained, they want to feel emotions and are receptive to more difficult topics, but communicating through humour is usually a good idea.
Dr. Nebe’s table-graphic comparison of three films shows clear differences. While the section shown from Paula’s Secret is only partially interspersed with subtle adult humour (if at all), the feature film production of Witch Lillihas already come up with statistically more and multi-layered humour. However, the Michael „Bully“ Herbig remake of Wickie and the Strong Men out-manoeuvres the other two with a continuous (!) firework of the most different gags. I am not surprised that Bully Herbig knows how to entertain a wide audience.
Timing is everything
I don’t think we need to talk further about the depth of humour at this point. I personally found the excerpts from the first two examples shockingly unfunny. Different, yes, but for me as an adult at least from these short excerpts either unrecognizable (Paula’s Secret) or almost unbearably slapstick comedic (Witch Lilli). And with Wickie I really had to laugh. And still a few minutes of inward giggling. It was a very clumsy humorous scene, but perfectly composed. Timing and moments of surprise are decisive keywords for me.
Humor is expensive
And this brings us to the explanation why higher production budgets may also produce more funny movies: Humour is not easy to create. Besides talent, it takes time to find the perfect timing, the perfect words, to create complexity. Humour is art and craft.
Hypotactic humour structure
Dr. Nebe considers Wickie the so far unbeaten funniest film for children. Visual jokes would be more important to the target audience than funny dialogues. Wickie creates a seamless multi-layered humour about the initial gag (paratactic humor) in combination with a surprising twist.
More about this in Dr. Nebe’s book Humour and Successful Children’s Films. [Unpaid Ad]
She interviewed children on the subject and drew and animated the illustrations, with a weather-forecasting frog as protagonist.
She shares with us some insights about her work with the children:
- the attitude of the children (in their case the willingness to cooperate) changes dramatically with each new age
- Children are very political when they are interested in the subject
- Children are very empathic and encounter animal characters in a humanized way
- Nature is very important for them
- Children have a strange sense of humor (fart jokes and slapstick – I already mentioned it)
From the extensive collected material Pauline has cleverly and loyally compiled both funny and likeable statements, which are very beneficial to the overall work and the appreciative reception.
By children for children?
Which surprised me a little, but I was very pleased: I think that children tend to perceive the statements of their own peer group differently than adults, who already have more knowledge on the subject and see the joke in the sympathetically childlike logic from an adult perspective. Nevertheless, even children find this combination funny and are enthusiastic about the film, for example at festivals.
„Kids are id***s“
Frederik Hansen, Chief Executive Monkey at the Danish production company OK Monkey, starts his lecture with a frighteningly openly provocative, ableistic adultism.
Before you press the „close“ button: In the end I found Frederik to be extremely loyal and super appreciative of both children and parents.
The title of the lecture refers to the fact that children learn humour like many other things.
And that’s funny because …?
They laugh, for example, when they feel safe, i.e. when they are at least one step ahead of the obviously „wrong“ behaviour of the funny person and thus recognise the „wrong“ thing about the situation. Children WANT to do everything right (despite all prophecies of doom). They themselves are in the process of learning social skills.
They also laugh when there is an exaggeration that makes it easy for them to recognise the intention of the humour. Human flaws and characteristics play a role in recognition.
Target group oriented humour
When I asked one of our mentors – admittedly somewhat provocatively – why films that are obviously not particularly funny, although they want to be, make it into the cinema, he pointed out to me that I was not the target group. So as a writer I should make jokes for specific target groups that I do not consider funny myself? I felt instant inner resistance.
Child-friendly, of course. But not at all adult-oriented?
„I want to be challenged“
Frederik then found suitable words for a more than satisfactory answer: We want to be challenged, this applies to us as adults as well as to children. For people, because we should stop naming children as children in general, they are individuals. They are young people with their very own feelings and perceptions. It’s refreshing to hear this pronounced even outside „our“ filter bubble.
„There is no stronger momentFrederik Hansen
as when a child and their parents laugh together.“
Even if we find different things funny, laugh at different things: laughing together is a powerful bonding element. How nice it is when the parents are brought on board. In the process of accompaniment, it helps us parents so much if we also feel entertained, taken seriously, and can freely enjoy the wit and humour and everything else that goes with a good production.
After all, learning humour means that our children watch the same episode, the same film, again and again and again … They do not have to understand everything from the beginning. Repetition is a crucial element in this process. And how tiring when we as chaperones have been bored to death right from the start.
Lat’s talk about it
Kids see us laugh, even if they don’t yet understand why. This brings us into a discussion about what we find funny, what makes us laugh. And we adults can still learn a lot from our children if we listen to them and talk to each other.
And last but not least, the most important thing in my eyes when it comes to humour in children’s media: We should never laugh AT children, but WITH them. This is often a fine line that not all media makers are able to draw. And also the audience is not always aware of what they are laughing about. #nonmention
For further thinking
A precious voice from the audience
Of course, we should not forget the deeper and quieter films and stories. They often stick longer and more intensely in the head, cause reflection on the subject matter and possibly occupy our children much more intensively than the purely funny and entertaining productions.
Dysfunctional vs. moral-compliant humor
And considered very precisely and subtly, many jokes and humorous elements are extremely dysfunctional humour. What is allowed? What is healthy? How do we manage to bring our ethical values in line with a good sense of humour? How do we prevent children from taking the template of dysfunctional humour as a basis for learning? What shall we share with our children?
My spontaneous and way too short answer would be: look closely, reflect, communicate. Enter into conversation without evaluation. Why do we find this or that funny? Why don’t I like that kind of humour? What do you think is funny? How does person X feel when we laugh about this?
In that way we as parents can show how to handle media, content and ethical values in a responsible and reflective way.
Humor is powerful, even when it comes to more difficult topics. It offers space for connection – when used wisely –, but also for separation if one is not careful.
As exciting as it is to measure humour and determine success by it, for me humour ultimately remains a feeling that should match my individual ideas and standards with artistic and technical skillfulness.
My child is free to laugh at different things than I am, just as everyone is free to laugh at different things. Within my family, however, I have the responsibility to discuss morals and social dynamics.
Let’s laugh together.
And. Never. AT. Children. | <urn:uuid:6ba0ce64-4ce7-4931-a63d-cb2eab5400d5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://medienmentorin.de/blog/2020/02/03/humour-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500303.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206015710-20230206045710-00769.warc.gz | en | 0.946419 | 2,380 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Tendon injuries (the tissue that connects muscle to bone) can be incredibly painful! ‘Tendinopathy’, formerly known as ‘tendinitis’, is the result of degenerative changes in the tendon; mainly due to overuse. For example, if you pick up running as a habit and decide to run for 5 miles without having run for years prior, you may be putting yourself at risk for a tendon injury. These occur most commonly in the Achilles’ tendon, patellar tendon and the common extensor tendon of the forearm (‘tennis elbow’). However, there is reason to be optimistic about it as we have no shortage of research studies that have examined the effects of various forms of exercise on tendon pain relief!
One thing to consider is that, because a ‘tendinopathy’ lacks inflammation and, thus not a ‘tendinitis’, anti-inflammatory medications will NOT be effective in tendinopathy management and are being discouraged from use. Insert exercise! Before recently, tendon rehab was predominantly centered around one form of tissue loading: eccentrics. Eccentric loading places an emphasis on the slow lengthening of a tendon in an effort to provide enough of a stimulus to heal. Though found to be effective, traditional eccentric loading practices call for up to 180 repetitions of tendon loading per day! Because eccentric loading is usually done slowly, let’s assume that 20 minutes of your day will be spent performing calf raises. That’s quite a bit! On the contrary, recent studies have demonstrated benefits of progressive tendon loading (combination of isometric, isotonic and plyometric contractions) and externally-paced training (with a metronome) on pain relief in comparison to eccentric loading in isolation. Even though eccentric loading is preferred to no exercise, progressive loading appears to better prepare athletes for return-to-sport demands (e.g. running, jumping, etc.)
With the help of a licensed physical therapist, you will receive guidance on how to progress from the early stages of tendon pain and limited movement to later stages and return to sport safely!
- Breda, S. J., Oei, E. H., Zwerver, J., Visser, E., Waarsing, E., Krestin, G. P., & de Vos, R.-J. (2020). Effectiveness of progressive tendon-loading exercise therapy in patients with patellar tendinopathy: A randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(9), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103403
- Rio, E., Kidgell, D., Moseley, G. L., Gaida, J., Docking, S., Purdam, C., & Cook, J. (2015). Tendon neuroplastic training: Changing the way we think about tendon rehabilitation: A narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(4), 209–215. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095215 | <urn:uuid:78c2a010-5ab8-4b07-a6fa-23b178171ec3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://stromapt.com/blog/health/tendon-healing-through-exercise/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500303.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206015710-20230206045710-00769.warc.gz | en | 0.900955 | 652 | 2.546875 | 3 |
If you are an academic or someone in academic publishing, have you ever wondered how many academic journals are there in the world? Well, I do.
It is estimated that there are currently more than 30,000 academic journals, and the number continues to increase by about 5%-7% per year.
This question is pertinent to academic writers as they need to have a persistent perception of academic publishing and where their research belongs. Another reason academic writers want to know the number of academic journals is because it helps them choose a journal to submit their articles.
In this article, I will try to answer and discuss this question as comprehensively as possible. We will go into a brief insight into different academic journals, the models, the number of academic publishers, the number of issues, and the number of articles published.
Table of Contents
What is an academic journal?
Before discussing academic journals and their number, we need to understand what they are and how they work.
An academic journal is a periodical containing articles and academic research (experimentation, results, hypotheses, etc.).
The works usually contain significant current research related to an academic subject within various academic disciplines, such as business, medicine, the sciences, theology, history and humanities, among many others.
An academic journal also publishes different research types. Some of these include original articles, reviews, book reviews, case studies, short communications, and so on. Usually, bigger journals publish a wider variety of research works.
One vital criterion for an academic journal is to publish novel research and discoveries. When you make an important scientific discovery and form a hypothesis in research and academia, you stake a claim by publishing it in an academic journal.
A scientific dispute, e.g., researchers fighting to claim as the pioneer of discovery, may result in the parties involved looking at their journal publications (disputes also look at patent registration and other intellectual property documentations).
The term periodical means that academic journals are published at regular intervals. A journal publication is usually identified by the volume number and the issue number.
Say a journal publishes one volume per year and three issues per volume. Volume 25, Number 2 publication, refers to the second issue of its 25th-year publication.
The role and importance of academic journals
Academic journals play a pioneering role in research and academia. They provide a platform for academic researchers to share their knowledge with peers and contribute to the academic development of the world.
In the academic field, a scholarly journal is typically a periodical publication intended to further research progress in an academic discipline, such as academic journal publishing.
Academic journals become a reference source for researchers to expand their knowledge and identify the research gap not covered in the literature. In other words, a journal publication can become an important stepping stone for new knowledge and discoveries.
Many new inventions, innovations, commercialization and advancement of technologies occur due to many research works in academic journals.
Academic journals publish papers specially tailored to their scope of the publication. When looking for a suitable journal to publish your work, publication scope is one of the first things you need to know.
If you send a manuscript journal not specialized in your field, you will get an immediate rejection. As academic publishing grows, new journals need to be more specialized and focus on highly niche areas.
Good academic journals also practice peer review. Peer review means that a manuscript submitted to a journal will be reviewed by another (or a few) experts in the field to assess the paper before recommending publication.
In peer review, an academic professor at Standford University, United States, can review and critically assess a work done by a counterpart in the University of Kyoto, Japan.
A good peer review practice is called blind review, i.e., the reviewers and authors are anonymous to each other. They can only read the manuscript and the comments.
But of recent, the “open review” concept has emerged and begun to gain traction in academic publishing. In open reviews, authors and reviewers know each other’s work and comments.
Peer review is an important check-and-balance mechanism in scholarly publishing. The academic reviewing process is vital because it ensures that academic standards are met, and that published academic research is of high quality.
Having been involved in journal publishing for over a decade, my experience handling the peer review process is enlightening. I have worked with reviewers who can pinpoint the unoriginality of papers within a short time. They also mostly know their subject field extremely well.
These reviewers are academic experts in the same field who provide editorial feedback on the academic work concerning its substance, significance, clarity, constructiveness and relevance).
The traditional subscription vs. open access academic journals
A common, sometimes heated discussion about academic journals linger around the journal models – the traditional publishing/subscription model and the open access model.
In the traditional academic journal publishing model, users can access and read the articles through an institutional subscription (primarily via the library) or pay an individual access fee.
On the other hand, the open access model allows users to read, download, and distribute journal articles freely without paying fees. I have written about open access journals and how they are taking the world by storm.
Since an academic journal can only be either one of those two models (traditional and open access), we can methodically achieve the total number of journals published globally by summing up the numbers of the traditional and open access journals.
The number of academic publishers and journal issues published
There are an estimated 2,000 academic publishers globally; the number fluctuates yearly due to acquisitions, business closing down, and the emergence of new scholarly publishers.
An academic publisher publishes several publications (volume and issue) per year.
Younger journals publish one or two issues annually (this is how most of our scholarly journals started), and the more established with a higher frequency between four and eight.
Some journals on the more productive spectrum publish issues monthly or even weekly basis. A recent random sampling data found out that journals indexed in the Science Citation Index and a few others on average publish a total of 10.95 issues per year.
As an academic journal gains in reputation and begins to be indexed by major databases, it will attract more article submissions and usually expand by publishing more issues per year.
The more the number of issues published, the wider the journal’s visibility will be, and the more likely it will increase profit.
The total number of journal articles published
Globally, more than 2 million journal articles are published yearly, which is expected to increase by 2%-4% annually.
In one of my discussions with a Clarivate Analytics rep (Clarivate Analytics acquired the Intellect Property and Science division of Thomson Reuters in 2016, including the Web of Science database), a journal, at minimum, needs to publish ten articles per year to increase impact.
But some bigger journals can publish thousands of articles per year.
For instance, at the time of the writing, PLOS One (one of the open access journals I discussed before) had a total of more than 250,000. Statistically, since its inception in 2006, it has published, on average, a whopping 17,000 articles per year!
Based on studies and sources, 30,000 academic journals globally, with an increasing rate of 5%-7% per year, is a reasonable estimate.
Scholarly journals will remain a strong backbone of academic publishing, playing a critical role and a gatekeeper between research and the research community. Finding how many academic journals are there in the world will be less important than appreciating the impact of good scholarly publishing.
I also believe that a massive shift in academic journal publishing is expected, not on the numbers but rather on the publishing model. | <urn:uuid:d5052d19-e9e2-4125-9f61-c7cd4d8e6a08> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://publishingstate.com/how-many-academic-journals-are-there-in-the-world/2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500392.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207071302-20230207101302-00849.warc.gz | en | 0.944814 | 1,599 | 2.75 | 3 |
According to Ocean Spray, a juice marketer owned by 650 cranberry growers and 100 Florida grapefruit growers, the grapefruit industry was nearly destroyed in recent years by a string of natural disasters. In 2005, Florida, the world's largest grapefruit-growing region, was hit by back-to-back hurricanes and storms extensively damaging groves. But this year the industry is "making a comeback", according to Ocean Spray. The group forecasts the Florida grapefruit harvest will almost double from 19 million boxes a year ago to 28 million this year. The fruit is being increasingly marketed for its healthfulness, with the industry expecting new studies to demonstrate further health benefits. Currently, grapefruit is positioned as containing antioxidants, which may help prevent certain types of cancer, heart disease and stroke. Grapefruit also contains natural vitamin C and potassium. A recent study from the Hebrew University's Hadassah Medical School in Israel performed both in vitro and human studies on the antioxidant effects of red and white grapefruits. The results, published on-line in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (doi:10.1021/jf058171g), found Eating a red grapefruit a day could reduce cholesterol by 15 per cent and triglycerides by 17 per cent and protect against heart disease. Although current grapefruit production signifies a big rebound, it significantly lags behind the industry high of 55 million boxes, reached in the mid 1990's. However, according to Ocean Spray's Grapefruit Juice Marketing Manager Dan Thunberg, the industry is "back in a strong supply position with grapefruit this year". "This harvest season, the trees are on the mend and we are producing more grapefruit than we could have imagined after witnessing the destruction," said Daryl Jacobs, an Ocean Spray grapefruit grower in Florida. Grapefruit harvest generally takes place between October and April, with around 40 percent of the grapefruit harvested each season being used for juice, while 60 percent are sold as fresh grapefruit. | <urn:uuid:a44c10af-c10f-46b4-9e0b-fe0fad26982e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2007/03/26/Supply-of-antioxidant-rich-grapefruits-rebounds | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500392.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207071302-20230207101302-00849.warc.gz | en | 0.948091 | 401 | 2.9375 | 3 |
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