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35
A slightly altered cell . (c-c‴) A highly altered cell as seen from 4 different angles . Note mitochondria/mitochondrial networks (green), Golgi complexes (red), cell nuclei (light blue) and the cell outline (yellow).
What color is used to label the Golgi complexes in the image?
Green
Red
Light blue
Yellow
B
39
A slightly altered cell . (c-c‴) A highly altered cell as seen from 4 different angles . Note mitochondria/mitochondrial networks (green), Golgi complexes (red), cell nuclei (light blue) and the cell outline (yellow).
Which color represents the cell outline in the image?
Green
Yellow
Light blue
Red
B
41
A slightly altered cell . (c-c‴) A highly altered cell as seen from 4 different angles . Note mitochondria/mitochondrial networks (green), Golgi complexes (red), cell nuclei (light blue) and the cell outline (yellow).
What is labeled in red in the image?
Golgi complexes
Cell nuclei
Lysosomes
Mitochondria/mitochondrial networks
A
141
–f5 CLSM imaging of CF unloading during cassava root development . c –c3 Primary fibrous root . c2 Bright–field microscopy . c3 405nm excitation wave and bright–field microscopy.
What was imaged in the c3 image?
Root development
405nm excitation wave
Cassava leaves
Unknown
B
142
pathway in the storage root of cassava . a, b Transverse section anatomy of the storage root.
What is shown in the image?
Longitudinal section anatomy of the storage root.
Cross section of the stem.
Transverse section anatomy of the storage root.
Cross section anatomy of the leaf.
C
150
MR of brain (diffusion weighted image) demonstrating multiterritory acute infarct ; b Time of flight MR demonstrating bilateral ICA occlusion ; and c DSA demonstrating anterior circulation supplied by posterior circulation.
What does the DSA image demonstrate?
Acute infarct
Bilateral ICA occlusion
Anterior circulation supplied by posterior circulation
None of the above
C
151
MR of brain (diffusion weighted image) demonstrating multiterritory acute infarct ; b Time of flight MR demonstrating bilateral ICA occlusion ; and c DSA demonstrating anterior circulation supplied by posterior circulation.
What type of imaging was used to demonstrate acute infarct?
Time of flight MR
DSA
Diffusion weighted image
None of the above
C
155
a subtracted image of resting perfusion minus acetazolamide challenge with fusion to the T2 weighted MRI sequences (right).
What type of image is being shown in the caption?
Multiplying image
Dividing image
Adding image
Subtracting image
D
156
a subtracted image of resting perfusion minus acetazolamide challenge with fusion to the T2 weighted MRI sequences (right).
What is fused to the subtracted image?
T1-weighted MRI sequences
CT scan images
T2-weighted MRI sequences
X-ray images.
C
158
a subtracted image of resting perfusion minus acetazolamide challenge with fusion to the T2 weighted MRI sequences (right).
What was the type of subtraction performed on the images?
Acetazolamide minus T2-weighted MRI sequences
Resting perfusion minus T2-weighted MRI sequences
Acetazolamide minus resting perfusion
Resting perfusion minus Acetazolamide plus T2-weighted MRI sequences
B
162
Axial computed tomography images demonstrating an obstructing carcinoma with gross proximal colonic dilatation (b).
What is the condition shown by the image?
Gastritis
Appendicitis
Colonic dilatation due to carcinoma
Intestinal obstruction due to hernia.
C
174
lytic portions of vertebral metastasesMetastatic breast cancer to L4 treated with 3000 cGy in 10 at A) CT simulation scan and.
Which part of the vertebrae were affected by the metastases in this case?
Body portions
Lamina portions
Pedicle portions
Transverse processes portions
A
176
spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic fibrillary cytoplasm and prominent dilated blood vessels (20X).
What is the prominent feature seen in the image?
Blue nuclei
Concentric rings
Dilated blood vessels
Centrally located mitochondria
C
188
are the overlap images of the GFP (green) and chlorophyll (magenta) fluorescence.
What is the subject of the images?
Animal cells
Fungi
Plant cells
Bacteria
C
212
Initial angiography . Initial angiography revealing a severe stenosis from the middle - to - distal part of the right superficial femoral artery.
At which part of the artery is the stenosis located?
At the proximal part
At the distal part
At the middle-to-proximal part
At the middle-to-distal part
D
216
Initial angiography . Initial angiography revealing a severe stenosis from the middle - to - distal part of the right superficial femoral artery.
What is the severity of the stenosis in the initial angiography?
Mild,
Moderate,
Severe,
Complicated
C
284
centred between the masseter muscle and left parotid gland . At follow-up over one year postoperatively, coronal T2 weighted image.
What type of image was used for follow-up one year after the surgery?
Axial CT scan.
Coronal T2 weighted image.
Sagittal MRI.
Ultrasound.
B
286
centred between the masseter muscle and left parotid gland . At follow-up over one year postoperatively, coronal T2 weighted image.
What type of image was used during the follow-up?
axial T1 weighted image
coronal T2 weighted image
sagittal T1 weighted image
axial T2 weighted image
B
462
Drastic changes in the coronary images of a ruptured non-culprit lesion . A Initial coronary images : a coronary angiography, b and c initial NIRS-IVUS images, and d Initial OCT image of the non-culprit lesion . B One-year follow-up coronary images.
What does the image d show?
Coronary angiography of the non-culprit lesion.
NIRS-IVUS image of the culprit lesion.
OCT image of the culprit lesion.
OCT image of the non-culprit lesion.
D
487
The graft was interposed between the suture points of bladder and vagina.
What two structures were sutured?
Liver and lung
Bladder and intestine
Heart and kidney
Lungs and stomach
B
568
. The red, thick arrow ‘M ’ represents the medial approach, the orange-yellow, thick arrow ‘SL ’ represents the superior-lateral approach, and the blue, thick arrow ‘A ’ represents the anteroinferior approach.
What approach does the red, thick arrow represent?
Superior-lateral approach
Anteroinferior approach
Medial approach
Posterior approach
C
569
. The red, thick arrow ‘M ’ represents the medial approach, the orange-yellow, thick arrow ‘SL ’ represents the superior-lateral approach, and the blue, thick arrow ‘A ’ represents the anteroinferior approach.
Which color represents the anteroinferior approach?
Red
Orange-yellow
Blue
Green
C
579
quantification of coronary artery plaque burden in a patient with non-obstructive coronary artery disease and chronic coronary syndrome . Myocardial contrast dobutamine stress echocardiography demonstrated normal perfusion at rest (panel a) and myocardial ischemia with delayed myocardial contrast enhancement in the api...
Where was the delayed myocardial contrast enhancement observed in this patient?
Apical part of the right ventricle
Left atrium
Basal part of the left ventricle
Apical part of the left ventricle
D
655
nuclei (DAPI ; blue) in nude mouse lung tissues after a 3 week treatment period with metformin (Met ; 250 mg/kg/day), pemetrexed (Pem ; 150 mg / kg / twice a week) or both (Met + Pem) following a 4 week A549 cell xenograft . Scale bar = 100 μm . The area.
What is the color of the labeled nuclei in the image?
green
red
blue
yellow
C
667
nuclei (DAPI ; blue) in nude mouse lung tissues after a 3 week treatment period with metformin (Met ; 250 mg/kg/day), pemetrexed (Pem ; 150 mg / kg / twice a week) or both (Met + Pem) following a 4 week A549 cell xenograft . Scale bar = 100 μm . The area.
What is the color of nuclei shown in the image?
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow
C
670
nuclei (DAPI ; blue) in nude mouse lung tissues after a 3 week treatment period with metformin (Met ; 250 mg/kg/day), pemetrexed (Pem ; 150 mg / kg / twice a week) or both (Met + Pem) following a 4 week A549 cell xenograft . Scale bar = 100 μm . The area.
What is the color of the nuclei in the image?
Yellow
Blue
Red
Green
B
704
endogenous coactosin and F-actin in the growth cone of an oculomotor neuron . Double staining of coactosin (green) and rhodamine - phalloidin (red) showing coactosin accumulation on F-actin bundles . (D–I) Representative SIM images of control.
What is the color of coactosin staining in the image?
blue,
green,
red,
yellow
B
705
endogenous coactosin and F-actin in the growth cone of an oculomotor neuron . Double staining of coactosin (green) and rhodamine - phalloidin (red) showing coactosin accumulation on F-actin bundles . (D–I) Representative SIM images of control.
What type of neuron is shown in the image?
Olfactory neuron,
Motor neuron,
Sensory neuron,
Interneuron
B
711
neurons with double staining of phosphorylated cofilin (p - cofilin : green) and rhodamine-phalloidin (red) . With coactosin knockdown, the actin array and bundle structures were disorganized and showed strong p-cofilin expression around the filopodia . (J) Quantitative distribution of the fluorescence intensities of c...
Which staining fluoresces red in the images?
phosphorylated cofilin
rhodamine-phalloidin
coactosin
F-actin
B
712
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) images showing endogenous coactosin and F-actin in the growth cone of an oculomotor neuron . Double staining of coactosin (green) and rhodamine - phalloidin (red) showing coactosin accumulation on F-actin bundles.
What is the color of coactosin staining in the image?
Blue
Green
Yellow
Red.
B
713
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) images showing endogenous coactosin and F-actin in the growth cone of an oculomotor neuron . Double staining of coactosin (green) and rhodamine - phalloidin (red) showing coactosin accumulation on F-actin bundles.
What does the image show about coactosin?
It binds to DNA.
It accumulates on F-actin bundles
It is located in the nucleus.
None of the above.
B
778
a posterior dominant-involvement pattern in lower limb in addition to tongue muscle involvement The tongue (C), and gastrocnemius
Which body part is affected by the posterior dominant-involvement pattern?
arms
legs
face
back
B
780
a posterior dominant-involvement pattern in lower limb in addition to tongue muscle involvement The tongue (D) had a diffusely hyperechoic pattern, whereas normal muscle structures were relatively preserved in the vastus lateralis
Which muscle showed abnormality in the ultrasound?
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Sartorius
Gluteus Maximus
B
781
a posterior dominant-involvement pattern in lower limb in addition to tongue muscle involvement The tongue (D) had a diffusely hyperechoic pattern, whereas normal muscle structures were relatively preserved in the vastus lateralis
Which muscle showed normal ultrasound findings?
Biceps Brachii
Gastrocnemius
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Medialis
D
782
a posterior dominant-involvement pattern in lower limb in addition to tongue muscle involvement The tongue (D) had a diffusely hyperechoic pattern, whereas normal muscle structures were relatively preserved in the vastus lateralis
What is the imaging finding in the tongue muscle?
diffusely hypoechoic pattern
relatively preserved muscle structure
diffusely hyperechoic pattern
None of the above
C
783
a posterior dominant-involvement pattern in lower limb in addition to tongue muscle involvement The tongue (D) had a diffusely hyperechoic pattern, whereas normal muscle structures were relatively preserved in the vastus lateralis
What is the involvement pattern seen in the lower limb muscles?
Anterior dominant
Lateral dominant
Posterior dominant
None of the above
C
820
represented with light colors . 75% of transparency was applied to the skull . 2D saggitallice.
What type of image is being described?
CT scan
X-Ray
MRI
Ultrasound
A
823
views of specimen GPIT-PV-30003 exposing the position of the replacement and functional teeth on both upper (teeth in blue) and lower (teeth in green) jaws in Henodus chelyops.
What is the color used to represent the teeth in the upper jaw?
Blue
Green
Red
Yellow
A
884
the slice in place during recording . Bottom : high - magnification image of the somatosensory cortex layer five within the boxed region in the low - magnification image where recording was performed . (C).
Where did the recording take place?
somatosensory cortex layer one
somatosensory cortex layer five
somatosensory cortex layer ten
somatosensory cortex layer fifteen
B
887
the slice in place during recording . Bottom : high - magnification image of the somatosensory cortex layer five within the boxed region in the low - magnification image where recording was performed . (C).
What is the top image showing?
Low-magnification image of the somatosensory cortex.
High-magnification image of the somatosensory cortex.
Low-magnification image of the amygdala.
High-magnification image of the hippocampus.
A
891
Photomicrograph stained by hematoxylin-eosin (200x) revealing features of a calcifying odontogenic cyst with presence of ghost cells (red arrow) associated with odontoma (asterisk).
What is the red arrow pointing towards in the photomicrograph?
Odontoma
Calcification
Epithelial cells
Ghost cells
D
895
features of a calcifying odontogenic cyst with presence of ghost cells (red arrow) associated with odontoma (asterisk) . (b) Photomicrography showing a cystic lesion with a fibrous tissue capsule and lining of odontogenic epithelium of ameloblastic type loosely arranged with several amounts of ghost cells (200X).
What is the lining of the cystic lesion?
Fibrous tissue.
Epidermis.
Connective tissue.
Muscle tissue.
A
1,034
. The Zmap shows a defect in the right upper lobe while there is no perfusion defect . The RelDiffMap provides a better contrast between functional and no functional areas.
Where is the defect located in the lungs?
Left upper lobe
Left lower lobe
Right upper lobe
Right lower lobe
C
1,054
(C -right panel) OCT scan observed edema in the macula with thicknesses of 277 and 483 μm in the right (top) and left (bottom) eyes, respectively
Which eye has a thicker macula?
Right eye
Left eye
Both eyes have the same thickness
Cannot be determined
B
1,106
, axial and B, sagittal non - contrast CT scan in lung window show peripheral single ground glass opacity in the apical segment of the right lower lobe.
Where is the ground glass opacity located?
Right upper lobe
Right middle lobe
Right lower lobe
Left lower lobe
C
1,107
, axial and B, sagittal non - contrast CT scan in lung window show peripheral single ground glass opacity in the apical segment of the right lower lobe.
Where is the location of ground glass opacity observed in the CT scan?
Left Lower lobe
Right Upper lobe
Apical segment of left lower lobe
Apical segment of right Lower lobe
D
1,215
Representative podocyte foot process images obtained from EMT-stained sections using two-dimensional SIM (2D SIM) or 3D SIM . Microstructures were visualized with 561 nm and 640 nm excitation lasers and are pseudo - colored in green and magenta.
What method was used to visualize the microstructures in the podocyte foot process images?
Confocal microscopy
Electron microscopy
2D SIM
3D SIM
C
1,223
Representative podocyte foot process images obtained from EMT-stained sections using two-dimensional SIM (2D SIM) or 3D SIM . Microstructures were visualized with 561 nm and 640 nm excitation lasers and are pseudo - colored in green and magenta.
What type of microscope was used to obtain the images?
fluorescence microscope
electron microscope
scanning probe microscope
atomic force microscope
A
1,237
Representative three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM) images of elastica-Masson trichrome (EMT) – or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)–stained glomeruli excited at 640 nm . Images were obtained from patients diagnosed with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs) (N = 7 patients) or membranous nephropathy ...
What is the staining technique used to obtain the 3D SIM images?
EMT
H&E
Giemsa
Gram
A
1,249
Representative three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM) images of elastica-Masson trichrome (EMT) – or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)–stained glomeruli excited at 640 nm . Images were obtained from patients diagnosed with minor glomerular abnormalities (MGAs) (N = 7 patients) or membranous nephropathy ...
What was the staining used for imaging?
Immunohistochemistry
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Elastica-Masson trichrome or Periodic acid-Schiff stain
Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining
C
1,272
pathological changes of podocyte foot processes (b) Kidney sections from patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) with various levels of proteinuria were labeled with EMT staining and analyzed by 3D SIM (bars   = 5 μm) . White squares indicate areas analyzed under high magnification in the lower right of the...
What do the white squares in the panel indicate?
Areas with high proteinuria
Areas with low magnification
Areas with high magnification
Areas with no podocyte damage
C
1,276
pathological changes of podocyte foot processes (b) Kidney sections from patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) with various levels of proteinuria were labeled with EMT staining and analyzed by 3D SIM (bars   = 5 μm) . White squares indicate areas analyzed under high magnification in the lower right of the...
What do the white squares indicate in the panel?
Low proteinuria levels
High proteinuria levels
Areas analyzed under high magnification
Areas with no pathological changes
C
1,309
Computed tomography showed dilated small bowel loops, bowel wall thickening, mesenteric fat stranding, and abnormal increased enhancement of the intestine.
What imaging technique was used to detect the abnormalities?
MRI
CT scan
PET scan
X-ray
B
1,319
(A) patient with lower left abdominal pain . This computed tomography scan of the lower abdomen shows colonic wall thickening in the proximal sigmoid colon, diverticula (arrow), and pericolic fat stranding.
What is the possible diagnosis of the patient's lower left abdominal pain?
Appendicitis
Diverticulitis
Cholecystitis
Pancreatitis
B
1,345
MRI of the brain during the last episode . There were no abnormal signals except the preexisting septum pellucidum cyst ( The arrow ) which was similar to that before . A T1WI ; B T2WI ; C DWI ; D Magnetic resonance angiograghy ( MRA ) ; E Magnetic resonance venography ( MRV ) ; F Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( MRS ...
What was the abnormality seen in the MRI?
Cyst
Abnormal Signals
DWI
MRA
A
1,349
Typical imaging findings of the nonbronchiectasis group . A 65-year-old female suffered from asthma for 3 years and CRS for 1 year . A, B Paranasal sinus CT imaging revealing CRS involving maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses without the existence of nasal polyps . C–F Lung windows of HRCT were normal.
What does the CT imaging reveal about the patient's sinuses?
Involvement of maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses with nasal polyps present.
Involvement of maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses without nasal polyps.
Involvement of frontal and sphenoidal sinuses with nasal polyps present.
Completely normal paranasal sinus.
B
1,387
and c are T2WI and ADC images, respectively, of the same patient.
What type of medical imaging modality was used to obtain image a?
CT
X-ray
MRI
PET
C
1,389
. Yellow spots from superposition of red and green fluorescence represent T cells dually secreting IFN-γ and TNF-α after stimulation . Single cytokine (TNF-α or IFN-γ) secreting T cell frequencies equals the frequencies of dual secreting T cells subtracted from total T cells.
What do the yellow spots represent in the image?
Fluorescence due to red T cells
Fluorescence due to green T cells
T cells secreting TNF-α only
T cells secreting both IFN-γ and TNF-α
D
1,405
3D reconstruction of the interrogated vessel without its side branches was performed . (A) Pre‐procedural angiographic image shows a ISR lesion, and QFR was 0.70.
What does the pre-procedural angiographic image show?
No lesion
A stenotic lesion
An aneurysm
A blocked vessel
B
1,418
Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study for STIR sequences (d, e.
What are the images showing in the MRI study?
Brain images
Spinal cord images
Knee joint images
No information provided
C
1,419
Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study for STIR sequences (d, e.
What type of MRI sequence was used in the initial study?
T1-weighted
FLAIR
STIR
T2-weighted
C
1,431
a cluster in the right insula . Clusters positively associated with social threat at a voxel-wise threshold of P   <   0.005 are shown with using red-yellow color scale.
What brain region showed a positive association with social threat?
the left insula
the right insula
the occipital lobe
the cerebellum
B
1,445
Images of chest computed tomography ( CT ) . A, B Chest CT images during hospitalization showed high-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the right side . C, D Chest CT showed the absorption of the pleural effusion and inflammatory sites in the lungs after treatment.
What did the chest CT images during hospitalization show?
Absorption of pleural effusion and inflammatory sites in the lungs.
No changes.
Low-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the left side.
High-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the right side.
D
1,446
Images of chest computed tomography ( CT ) . A, B Chest CT images during hospitalization showed high-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the right side . C, D Chest CT showed the absorption of the pleural effusion and inflammatory sites in the lungs after treatment.
What did the chest CT images show after treatment?
Absorption of the pleural effusion and inflammatory sites in the lungs.
No changes.
High-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the right side.
Low-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the left side.
A
1,447
Images of chest computed tomography ( CT ) . A, B Chest CT images during hospitalization showed high-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the right side . C, D Chest CT showed the absorption of the pleural effusion and inflammatory sites in the lungs after treatment.
What was the initial condition shown in the chest CT images?
Normal lungs and pleura
Low-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the right side
High-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the left side
No information given about the condition shown in the images.
B
1,452
Images of chest computed tomography ( CT ) . A, B Chest CT images during hospitalization showed high-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs and pleural effusion on the right side . C, D Chest CT showed the absorption of the pleural effusion and inflammatory sites in the lungs after treatment.
What did the chest CT show after treatment?
Normal lungs
Inflammatory sites in the lungs
Absorption of pleural effusion and inflammatory sites in the lungs
High-density infiltrate in bilateral lungs.
C
1,511
Some of the atypical casts are polychromatic (staining trichrome - red and blue), associated with interstitial inflammation and edema . Tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis occupied ~   10   –   15% of the cortex . (Masson trichrome, ×   400).
What staining was used to identify polychromatic casts?
Masson trichrome
Hematoxylin and eosin
Periodic acid-Schiff
Von Kossa stain
A
1,589
original magnification 200 . (b-c) Diffuse synaptic positivity and enhanced perivacuolar ‘ patchy ’ positivity and ‘plaque-like’ positive structures in striatum, stained with monoclonal antibody (6H4) against prion protein, original magnification 200x and H&E staining, original magnification 100x.
What is the staining technique used to visualize the structures in the striatum?
Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-inflammatory antibody
H&E staining
Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-prion protein antibody
Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-tau protein antibody.
C
1,619
A 12-year-old female patient was diagnosed as tibial intercondylar eminence fractures, right, type III . Preoperative three-dimensional CT were shown.
What type of fracture did the patient have?
Type IV
Type III
Type II
Type I
B
1,622
Arthroscopic assisted internal fixation with hollow screws was applied . Postoperative X-ray showed good alignment of fracture.
What was the result of postoperative X-ray?
Malalignment
Non-union
Delayed union
Good alignment
D
1,661
Transverse CT scan in a soft tissue window A, and bone window B, of the skull demonstrating the presence of a cyst ventromedial to the left globe, with adjacent lysis of the orbital bone ( arrow ).
What is the finding in the image?
Orbital bone fracture.
Left globe cyst.
Right globe lysis.
No finding.
B
1,700
a gel pad on top of which the optical pattern is fixed and some ultrasound gel is added (a) . A freehand PA scan is acquired.
How is the optical pattern fixed on top of the gel pad?
taped
glued
stapled
sewn
A
1,724
32-year-old woman with ductal carcinoma of the left breast . (B,C,D) show the heterogeneous hypoechoic lesions in the medial.
Where are the lesions located in the breast?
Lateral
Medial
Upper outer quadrant
Lower inner quadrant
B
1,726
32-year-old woman with ductal carcinoma of the left breast . (B,C,D) show the heterogeneous hypoechoic lesions in the medial.
Where are the lesions located?
lateral
posterior
medial
anterior
C
1,742
AFM images (upper) and linear section analysis of the colored lines shown in AFM image (lower).
What is shown in the lower images?
Colored lines
AFM images
FTIR spectra
X-ray diffraction
A
1,788
Caespitose erect thalli showing a rare branch (arrowhead) and blunt tip (arrow).
What does the arrowhead in the image indicate about the thalli?
common branch
rare branch
presence of flowers
absence of chloroplasts
B
1,789
Caespitose erect thalli showing a rare branch (arrowhead) and blunt tip (arrow).
What is the shape of the thallus?
Erect
Prostrate
Sessile
Branched
A
1,798
Caespitose erect thalli showing a rare branch (arrowhead) and blunt tip (arrow).
What is the shape of the rare branch in the image?
Blunt
Tapered
Pointed
Serrated
A
1,799
Caespitose erect thalli showing a rare branch (arrowhead) and blunt tip (arrow).
What is the shape of the thalli?
Prostrate
Erect
Creeping
Bulbous
B
1,938
(CT) imaging of an 88-year-old woman with non-ketotic hyperglycemia chorea-ballism and intracerebral hemorrhage . (A,B) At admission, CT showed hyperdense lesions in the left occipital lobe (white arrow), right caudate nucleus and putamen (triangle), and left caudate (triangle).
Where are the hyperdense lesions found in the CT imaging of the woman?
Left eye
Right temporal lobe
Left occipital lobe, right caudate nucleus and putamen, left caudate
Right parietal lobe, left temporal lobe, left caudate
C
1,940
mild hematoma enlargement, slightly increased edema around the occipital lobe lesion (white arrow), and no significant changes in the bilateral striatum regions (triangle) ; (E,F) 15 days before admission.
What is the identified lesion in the image?
Bilateral striatum regions
Occipital lobe
Mild hematoma
None of the above
B
1,988
Vero E6 cells were infected with MERS-CoV and imaged by confocal microscopy.
What microscopy technique was used to image the infected cells?
Brightfield microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Electron microscopy
Phase-contrast microscopy
B
1,993
μ-XRF) maps of soil from Terrace 3 at 15–21 cm depth . Two regions with organic-rich detritus are shown, with microscope images in panels (c,f) . Note the smaller red dots scattered throughout.
What is shown in the microscope images in panels (c,f)?
Clay particles
Sand particles
Organic-rich detritus
Red dots scattered throughout.
C
2,021
MRA : stenosis tightened by the left ICA and the thinning and irregularity of the left MCA.
Which artery had stenosis?
Right ICA
Left ICA
Right MCA
Left MCA
B
2,044
Observations of the structure of the SCB at the SEM (a) Magnification 5.00 kx.
What was observed in the SEM image?
Structure of the SCB
Atomic arrangement of the SCB
Chemical composition of the SCB
Magnetic properties of the SCB
A
2,075
the radiological appearances of the four sub - types of TIP . (A) Pulmonary Fibrosis - Case courtesy of Dr Ian Bickle.
Which sub-type of TIP is depicted in the image?
Bronchiolitis Obliterans TIP
Cellular TIP
Mixed TIP
Pulmonary Fibrosis TIP
D
2,108
Overview of the entire 24 h recording period showing marked distal colonic hyperactivity.
What is shown in the recording throughout the 24 hour period?
Fluctuating bladder pressures
Distal stomach hyperactivity
Contractile activity in the small intestine
Distal colonic hyperactivity
D
2,110
Abdominal radiographs prior to and following endoscopic decompression and insertion of high‐resolution manometry catheter.
What medical procedure was performed prior to the insertion of the catheter?
MRI
X-ray
Endoscopy
Cat scan.
B
2,129
Representative micrograph of tibialis anterior muscle (n   =   2) . Scale bar   =   1   µm.
What is the name of the muscle shown in the micrograph?
Gastronemius
Tibialis Anterior
Diaphragm
Biceps Brachii
B
2,140
an equivalent volume of saline . After 5 days, and everyday thereafter, saline‐ and C26‐injected mice were treated with or without GW (5 mg kg−1) . After 16 days, mice were euthanized and gastrocnemius muscles were imaged by transmission electron microscopy . (right) Zoomed section of representative image to highlight ...
What method was used to image the gastrocnemius muscles?
X-ray imaging
MRI imaging
Transmission electron microscopy
PET scan
C
2,145
Representative micrograph of tibialis anterior muscle (n   =   2) . Scale bar   =   1   µm.
What is the name of the muscle depicted in the micrograph?
Quadriceps
Biceps Brachii
Tibialis Anterior
Gastrocnemius
C
2,245
IHC staining of TIMP-2 at 12 weeks in groups I (k, l).
What was stained in the image?
TIMP-1
TIMP-2
MMP-2
MMP-9
B
2,259
Pantalar fracture dislocation with comminuted fracture of head & neck in a 26-year-old man . Radiograph (a).
What is the type of fracture shown in the radiograph?
Simple fracture
Comminuted fracture
Greenstick fracture
Oblique fracture
B
2,272
T2-MRI images of FeSe2 - PEG and BPs-FeSe2-PEG solution at different concentrations (0–0.02 mM) in vitro.
Which imaging technique was used for obtaining the images?
PET
MRI
CT
US
B
2,350
Macroscopic view of primary lung tumor tissue harvested eight weeks post adenoviral Cre-recombinase application . Bars indicate 500 µm.
What do the bars in the image indicate?
The type of primary lung tumor tissue
The presence of adenoviral Cre-recombinase
The size of primary lung tumor tissue
The distance between tissue samples
C
2,352
(C) Microscopic view at ×40 magnification of H&E and NICD1 stain Bars indicate 50 µm
What type of stain was used in the image?
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain
Wright-Giemsa stain
Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain
Van Gieson's stain
A
2,557
Images at 5× magnification used for HZ CSA . Blue outlines indicate HZ CSA measured.
What does the blue outline indicate in the image?
magnification level
HZ CSA measurement area
area excluded from HZ CSA measurement
area for image cropping
B
2,563
Images at 5× magnification used for HZ CSA . Blue outlines indicate HZ CSA measured.
What does the blue outline in the image indicate?
Magnification level
Area measured for HZ CSA
Color-coded cells
Number of cells analyzed.
B
2,594
Images at 5× magnification were used for HZ CSA . Blue outlines indicate HZ CSA measured.
What do the blue outlines indicate in the image?
Cell nuclei
HZ CSA measured
Blood vessels
Mitochondria measured
B
2,792
a trend of increased number of low intensity pixels in vehicle 5xFAD treated mice (B) T2-weighted morphological MRI of mice 24 h after hrANXA1 or vehicle treatment
What type of MRI was performed on the mice?
T1-weighted
DWI
FLAIR
T2-weighted
D
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Fork of RadGenome/PMC-VQA converted to:

  1. Use v2 of the PMC-VQA (train_2.csv and test_2.csv).
  2. Wrap images as binary object
  3. Remove spacing and option prefix (A:) from questions and choices

Metadata

Name #train #val #test img#train img#val img#test
PMC-VQA 152,603 0 33,430 135,339 0 29,021

Conversion script

from pathlib import Path

from datasets import Dataset, Features, Image, Value

SLAKE_FEAT = {
    "index": Value("uint32"),
    "image": Image(decode=True),
    "Caption": Value("string"),
    "Question": Value("string"),
    "Answer": Value("string"),
} | {f"Choice {op}": Value("string") for op in "ABCD"}


def prefix_strip(s: str, prefix: str) -> str:
    return s.strip().removeprefix(prefix).strip()


def reformat(
    csv_path: Path,
    upload_to: str | None = None,
    image_dir: str = "images",
):
    assert "_2" in csv_path.stem, "Expected a split CSV file with '_2' in the name."
    split = csv_path.stem.replace("_2", "")
    d = Dataset.from_csv(csv_path.as_posix())

    d = d.map(
        lambda e: (
            {
                "image": {"path": f"{image_dir}/{e['Figure_path']}"},
                "Question": e["Question"].strip(),
            }
            | {
                f"Choice {op}": prefix_strip(e[f"Choice {op}"], f"{op}:")
                for op in "ABCD"
            }
        ),
        num_proc=16,
        features=Features(SLAKE_FEAT),
        remove_columns=["Figure_path", "split"],
    )

    if upload_to:
        d.push_to_hub(upload_to, split=split)
    else:
        print(d)
        print(d[0])
        print(f"Would upload to split={split} on the hub.")
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