Datasets:
CCATresearch
/
wikipedia_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
Community
1
text
stringlengths
0
3.78k
The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to timeline, were Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club (1903), Galatasaray Sports Club (1905), Fenerbahçe Sports Club (1907), MKE Ankaragücü (formerly Turan Sanatkarangücü) (1910) in Constantinople. Football clubs were formed in other provinces too, such as Karşıyaka Sports Club (1912), Altay Sports Club (1914) and Turkish Fatherland Football Club (later Ülküspor) (1914) of İzmir.
Science and technology
=================
Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts. A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutzes, a Greek scholar from Trabzon, to translate and make available to Ottoman educational institutions the geography book of Ptolemy. Another example is Ali Qushji – an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand – who became a professor in two madrasas and influenced Ottoman circles as a result of his writings and the activities of his students, even though he only spent two or three years in Constantinople before his death.
Taqi al-Din built the Constantinople observatory of Taqi ad-Din in 1577, where he carried out observations until 1580. He calculated the eccentricity of the Sun's orbit and the annual motion of the apogee. However, the observatory's primary purpose was almost certainly astrological rather than astronomical, leading to its destruction in 1580 due to the rise of a clerical faction that opposed its use for that purpose. He also experimented with steam power in Ottoman Egypt in 1551, when he described a steam jack driven by a rudimentary steam turbine.
Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu was the author of the first surgical atlas and the last major medical encyclopaedia from the Islamic world. The Ottoman Empire is credited with the invention of several surgical instruments in use such as forceps, catheters, scalpels and lancets as well as pincers.
In the early 19th century, Egypt under Muhammad Ali began using steam engines for industrial manufacturing, with industries such as ironworks, textile manufacturing, paper mills and hulling mills moving towards steam power. Economic historian Jean Batou argues that the necessary economic conditions existed in Egypt for the adoption of oil as a potential energy source for its steam engines later in the 19th century.
-
16 Great Turkic Empires – Concept in Turkish ethnic nationalism
-
Bibliography of the Ottoman Empire
-
Empire of the Sultans – Touring Islamic art exhibition (1995–2004)
-
Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire
-
Gunpowder empires – Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires from the 16th to 18th centuries
-
Historiography of the Ottoman Empire
-
List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire
-
List of foreigners who were in the service of the Ottoman Empire
-
List of Ottoman conquests, sieges and landings
-
List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire
-
Ottoman wars in Europe – Series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states
-
Outline of the Ottoman Empire – Overview of and topical guide to the Ottoman Empire
-
Turkic history – History of the Turkic peoples
-
Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
References
=================
Footnotes
=================
Citations
=================
Sources
=================
Further reading
=================
General surveys
=================
External links
=================
-
Ottoman Text Archive Project Archived 19 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine
-
Ottoman and Turkish Studies Resources – University of Michigan
-
Historians of the Ottoman Empire Archived 9 July 2025 at the Wayback Machine – University of Chicago
-
Turkey in Asia, 1920
--------------------------------------------------
TITLE: Chris_Evans_(actor)
====================