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Great Britain: Royal Knight of the Garter, 22 June 1749 |
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Ireland: Founder of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, 5 February 1783 |
Arms |
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Before his succession, George was granted the royal arms differenced by a label of five points Azure, the centre point bearing a fleur-de-lis Or on 27 July 1749. Upon his father's death, and along with the dukedom of Edinburgh and the position of heir-apparent, he inherited his difference of a plain label of three points Argent. In an additional difference, the crown of Charlemagne was not usually depicted on the arms of the heir, only on the Sovereign's. |
From his succession until 1800, George bore the royal arms: Quarterly, I Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England) impaling Or a lion rampant within a tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); II Azure three fleurs-de-lys Or (for France); III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland); IV tierced per pale and per chevron (for Hanover), I Gules two lions passant guardant Or (for Brunswick), II Or a semy of hearts Gules a lion rampant Azure (for Lüneburg), III Gules a horse courant Argent (for Saxony), overall an escutcheon Gules charged with the crown of Charlemagne Or (for the dignity of Archtreasurer of the Holy Roman Empire). |
Following the Acts of Union 1800, the royal arms were amended, dropping the French quartering. They became: Quarterly, I and IV England; II Scotland; III Ireland; overall an escutcheon of Hanover surmounted by an electoral bonnet. In 1816, after the Electorate of Hanover became a kingdom, the electoral bonnet was changed to a crown. |
Issue |
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Ancestry |
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Cultural depictions of George III |
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List of mentally ill monarchs |
Notes |
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References |
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Bibliography |
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Ayling, Stanley Edward (1972). George the Third. London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-211412-7. |
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Benjamin, Lewis Saul (1907). Farmer George. Pitman and Sons. |
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Baer, Marc (22 December 2021). "George III (1738–1820)". Encyclopedia Virginia. |
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Black, Jeremy (2006). George III: America's Last King. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-11732-9. |
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Brooke, John (1972). King George III. London: Constable. ISBN 0-09-456110-9. |
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Bullion, John L. (1994). "George III on Empire, 1783". The William and Mary Quarterly. 51 (2). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 305–310. doi:10.2307/2946866. JSTOR 2946866. |
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Butterfield, Herbert (1957). George III and the Historians. London: Collins. |
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Cannon, John (2004). "George III (1738–1820)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10540. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.) |
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Cannon, John; Griffiths, Ralph (1988). The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822786-8. |
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Carretta, Vincent (1990). George III and the Satirists from Hogarth to Byron. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-1146-4. |
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Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: A Life. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-266-7. |
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Colley, Linda (2005). Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10759-5. |
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Fraser, Antonia (1975). The Lives of the Kings and Queen of England. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-76911-1. |
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Hibbert, Christopher (1999). George III: A Personal History. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-025737-3. |
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Medley, Dudley Julius (1902). A Student's Manual of English Constitutional History. p. 501. |
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O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson (2013). The Men Who Lost America: British Leadership, the American Revolution, and the Fate of the Empire. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-19107-3. |
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Pares, Richard (1953). King George III and the Politicians. Oxford University Press. |
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Reitan, E. A., ed. (1964). George III, Tyrant Or Constitutional Monarch?. Boston: D. C. Heath and Company. A compilation of essays encompassing the major assessments of George III up to 1964. |
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Roberts, Andrew (2023). George III: The Life and Reign of Britain's Most Misunderstood Monarch. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-141-99146-7. OCLC 1334883294. |
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