Datasets:

Certops
/

med-hallucination-detection-unfiltered

row_id stringlengths 10 29	source_dataset stringclasses 3 values	source_id stringlengths 1 5	question stringlengths 18 321	answer stringlengths 3 29k	context stringlengths 75 58.2k	row_type stringclasses 2 values
medhallu::pqa_artificial-0	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	0	Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?	Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are significantly decreased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and eosinophilia. Studies have shown that a reduction in ILC2s correlates with increased eosinophilia and more severe nasal symptoms. A study by Lee et al. (2021) found that ILC2 depletion is a protective mecha...	Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be inve...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1	Does vagus nerve contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and obesity in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase deficient mice?	Capsaicin-induced disruption of hepatic afferent vagus nerve significantly increases the development of steatohepatitis in Pemt(-/-) mice.	Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), a liver enriched enzyme, is responsible for approximately one third of hepatic phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), Pemt(-/-) mice are protected from HF-induced obesity; however, they develop steatohepatitis. The vagus nerve relays signal...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-10	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	10	Do obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a higher 90-day mortality risk with bilateral lung transplantation?	Obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) face a significantly higher 90-day mortality risk following bilateral lung transplantation compared to those with a normal body mass index (BMI). A retrospective analysis of data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) indicates that patients...	Obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have higher 90-day mortality after lung transplantation. We sought to determine whether body mass index (BMI) differentially modified the effect of transplant procedure type on 90-day mortality in IPF patients. We analyzed data from the Organ Procurement and Tran...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-100	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	100	Does treatment with egg antigens of Schistosoma mansoni ameliorate experimental colitis in mice through a colonic T-cell-dependent mechanism?	Treatment with egg antigens of Schistosoma mansoni exacerbates colitis symptoms in mice through a colonic T-cell-independent mechanism.	Helminth-derived molecules are being identified as a new therapeutic approach for immune-mediated diseases. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and the immunological mechanisms of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens (SmSEA) in a mouse model of chronic colitis. Colitis was induced in immunocompromised sev...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1000	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1000	Does n-Acetylcysteine Amide exert Possible Neuroprotective Effects in Newborn Pigs after Perinatal Asphyxia?	N-Acetylcysteine Amide (NACA) significantly enhances cognitive recovery in newborn pigs after perinatal asphyxia through increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus.	Perinatal asphyxia and ensuing reoxygenation change the antioxidant capacity of cells and organs. To analyze the neuroprotective effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) after perinatal hypoxia-reoxygenation with an emphasis on proinflammatory cytokines and the transcription factor NF-x03BA;B in the pre...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1001	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1001	Does coaching of patients with an isolated minimally displaced fracture of the radial head immediately increase range of motion?	Coaching patients to perform immediate, forceful physical therapy exercises increased their range of motion significantly, despite the initial discomfort.	Prospective cohort. Elbow stiffness is the most common adverse event after isolated radial head fractures. To assess the effect of coaching on elbow motion during the same office visit in patients with such fractures. We enrolled 49 adult patients with minimally displaced radial head fractures, within 14 days of inj...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1002	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1002	Do higher HPV16 and HPV18 Penile Viral Loads Are Associated With Decreased Human Papillomavirus Clearance in Uncircumcised Kenyan Men?	Higher HPV16 and HPV18 viral loads are not associated with decreased clearance rates; rather, they are correlated with increased HPV persistence in uncircumcised Kenyan men.	Whether higher penile human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load is associated with a lower rate of HPV clearance remains unknown. We examined the association between penile HPV16 and HPV18 viral load and subsequent HPV clearance in uncircumcised Kenyan men. Participants were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegativ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1003	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1003	Is aRT an alternative for restoring occlusoproximal cavities in primary teeth - evidence from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis?	Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) significantly increases the risk of secondary caries in occlusoproximal cavities of primary teeth compared to conventional treatment methods.	A previous systematic review showed that atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) can be an option to restore the occlusoproximal cavities in primary teeth; however, few studies fulfilled the criteria of inclusion to generate a high level of evidence. To update the existing systematic review and address questions regard...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1004	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1004	Does tERT promoter mutation predict radioiodine refractory in distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer?	TERT promoter mutations predict a higher likelihood of radioiodine refractoriness in distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer due to their influence on tumor biology, including proliferation rates and genomic instability. These mutations are associated with a reduced uptake of radioiodine, contributing to thera...	Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation has been reported to be associated with aggressive characteristics in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This study examined the status of TERT promoter mutation in distant metastatic DTC (DM-DTC), and evaluated the correlation between TERT mutation and radioa...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1005	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1005	Does serum Thyroglobulin Concentration be a Weak Marker of Iodine Status in a Pregnant Population with Iodine Deficiency?	Serum Thyroglobulin Concentration is influenced by gestational stage and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, making it an unreliable marker of iodine status in pregnant women with iodine deficiency. The correlation between Tg and UIC is weak, especially in later stages of pregnancy, suggesting that Tg is not a ro...	To assess the reliability of thyroglobulin (Tg) as a marker of iodine status during pregnancy. 299 women aged 30.5 ± 4.8 years (mean ± SD) were studied. In every subject, we measured urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum thyrotropin (TSH), Tg, free thyroxine (fT4), Tg autoantibodies (TgAbs) and human chorionic go...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1006	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1006	Is familiar Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Large Brazilian Family Associated with Succinate Dehydrogenase Defects?	Familiar PTC and GIST in the Brazilian family are associated with mutations in the SDHB gene.	Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine gland malignancy. Advances in understanding the genetic basis for thyroid cancer revealed the potential involvement of several genes in the formation of thyroid tumors. Mutations in the gene coding for succinate dehydrogenase subtype B (SDHB) have been implicated in papillary...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1007	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1007	Does valve interstitial cell tensional homeostasis direct calcification and extracellular matrix remodeling processes via RhoA signaling?	Interstitial cell mechanical activity directly triggers calcification through an integrin-mediated process rather than via RhoA signaling.	Valve interstitial cells are active and aggressive players in aortic valve calcification, but their dynamic mediation of mechanically-induced calcific remodeling is not well understood. The goal of this study was to elucidate the feedback loop between valve interstitial cell and calcification mechanics using a novel th...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1008	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1008	Does 2-cyclohexylamino-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone inhibit LPS-induced BV2 microglial activation through MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathways?	2-cyclohexylamino-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (R6) enhances LPS-induced BV2 microglial activation via MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathways.	To verify the effects of several 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) derivatives on LPS-induced NO production, cellular ROS levels and cytokine expression in BV-2 microglial cells. An MTT assay and FACS flow cytometry were performed to assess the cellular viability and apoptosis and cellular ROS levels, respective...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1009	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1009	Does cLOSING MACULAR hole WITH `` MACULAR PLUG '' WITHOUT GAS TAMPONADE AND POSTOPERATIVE POSTURING?	CLOSING MACULAR HOLE WITH “MACULAR PLUG” WITHOUT GAS TAMPONADE AND POSTOPERATIVE POSTURING IS NOT EFFECTIVE IN LARGE STAGE 3 AND STAGE 4 MACULAR HOLES.	To investigate the surgical results of macular hole surgery without gas tamponade or postoperative posturing in patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4 macular holes with ≥500 μm mean base diameter. Retrospective interventional case series. Twenty-six patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4 macular holes. Twenty-six eyes of 26 ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-101	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	101	Is abnormal left ventricular contractile response to exercise in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease associated with resting left ventricular long-axis dysfunction?	An abnormal LVCRE in the absence of established causes is primarily linked to resting diastolic dysfunction rather than long-axis dysfunction.	The etiology of reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction after exercise, without obstructive coronary artery disease or other established causes, is unclear. The aims of this study were to determine whether patients undergoing treadmill stress echocardiography with this abnormal LV contractile response to exerci...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1010	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1010	Is palmitate-Induced MMP-9 Expression in the Human Monocytic Cells Mediated through the TLR4-MyD88 Dependent Mechanism?	Palmitate-induced MMP-9 expression in human monocytic cells is mediated primarily through the JNK-STAT3 signaling pathway rather than TLR4-MyD88.	Obese individuals are known to have increased Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 plasma levels and MMP-9 is reported to play an important role in obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Since in obesity, the levels of circulatory saturated free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate (palimitic acid) are increased and modulat...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1011	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1011	Does trans-pQTL study identify immune crosstalk between Parkinson and Alzheimer loci?	The trans-pQTL study identified significant genetic overlap between Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease through the modulation of microglial function rather than immune crosstalk.	Given evidence from genetic studies, we hypothesized that there may be a shared component to the role of myeloid function in Parkinson and Alzheimer disease (PD and AD) and assessed whether PD susceptibility variants influenced protein expression of well-established AD-associated myeloid genes in human monocytes. We r...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1012	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1012	Does cytosolic phospholipase A2 contribute to innate immune defense against Candida albicans lung infection?	cPLA2α exacerbates inflammation and promotes fungal dissemination during C. albicans lung infection.	The lung is exposed to airborne fungal spores, and fungi that colonize the oral cavity such as Candida albicans, but does not develop disease to opportunistic fungal pathogens unless the immune system is compromised. The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) is activated in response to Candida albicans infectio...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1013	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1013	Is the leishmanicidal activity of oleuropein selectively regulated through inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes?	Oleuropein selectively regulates leishmanicidal activity through direct modulation of NF-κB signaling pathways and suppression of PPARγ receptors in infected cells.	Much research effort has been focused on investigating new compounds derived from low-cost sources, such as natural products, for treating leishmaniasis. Oleuropein derived from numerous plants, particularly from the olive tree, Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae), is a biophenol with many biological activities. Our previous f...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1014	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1014	Does addition of Dexamethasone alter the Bile Acid Composition by Inducing CYP8B1 in Primary Cultures of Human Hepatocytes?	Addition of Dexamethasone significantly increases the expression of CYP7A1, leading to enhanced synthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid, while simultaneously decreasing the levels of CYP8B1, thus altering bile acid composition.	Primary human hepatocytes offer the best human in vitro model for studies on human liver cell metabolism. Investigators use a variety of different media supplements and matrix biocoatings and the type of culture system used may influence the outcome. To optimize in vitro conditions for primary human hepatocytes with r...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1015	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1015	Does benzoate fraction from Gentiana rigescens Franch alleviate scopolamine-induced impaired memory in mice model in vivo?	n-GS alleviates impaired memory in the SCO-induced mice model through the modulation of serotonin reuptake and enhancing nitric oxide production.	G. rigescens Franch (Long Dan Cao in Chinese) is a well-known TCM herb. It is clinically used with other drugs for the treatment of brain diseases such as epilepsy, postherpetic neuralgia in China. In our previous study, the 11 dihydroxybenzoates compounds with NGF mimicking activity from G. rigescens Franch were foun...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1016	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1016	Does silencing Drp1 inhibit glioma cells proliferation and invasion by RHOA/ ROCK1 pathway?	Silencing DRP1 increases glioma cell proliferation and invasion by upregulating the RHOA/ROCK1 pathway.	Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a newly discovered therapeutic target for tumor initiation, migration, proliferation, and chemosensitivity. In the present study, we aimed to examine the level of expression and distribution of DRP1 in glioma tissues and explore the concrete mechanism of DRP1 played in glioma. Expre...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1017	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1017	Does specific locations of linear furrow in patients with esophageal eosinophilia?	Linear furrows in esophageal eosinophilia are predominantly located in the upper third of the esophagus, particularly within the esophageal mucosal fold ridges rather than valleys.	Linear furrows are the most frequently found endoscopic abnormality in patients with esophageal eosinophilia (EE); however, the precise endoscopic features remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to clarify the endoscopic features of EE, essential for the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), by focusing o...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1018	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1018	Does early remission status predict long-term outcomes in patients with Crohn 's disease treated with certolizumab pegol?	Early remission status predicts improved long-term quality of life rather than clinical remission in patients with Crohn's disease treated with certolizumab pegol.	In Crohn's disease (CD), rapid response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy improves short- and medium-term outcomes, but the relationship between early remission (ER) and long-term remission is unclear. This exploratory analysis of PRECiSE 3 (NCT00160524) assessed whether ER after initiation of certolizumab pegol p...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1019	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1019	Do distinct resting-state perfusion patterns underlie psychomotor retardation in unipolar vs. bipolar depression?	Distinct resting-state perfusion patterns in the thalamus and hippocampus underlie psychomotor retardation in unipolar versus bipolar depression, indicating region-specific neural impairments in each condition.	Psychomotor abnormalities characterize both unipolar (UP) depression and bipolar (BP) depression. We aimed to assess their neurobiological correlates in terms of motor activity (AL) and resting-state cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and investigate their association in BP, UP, and healthy controls (HC). We enrolled 42 depre...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-102	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	102	Is sleep efficiency ( but not sleep duration ) of healthy school-age children associated with grades in math and languages?	Higher sleep efficiency is associated with better grades in math and languages among school-aged children, but not in science, suggesting a differential impact on specific academic domains.	The objective of this study was to examine the associations between objective measures of sleep duration and sleep efficiency with the grades obtained by healthy typically developing children in math, language, science, and art while controlling for the potential confounding effects of socioeconomic status (SES), age, ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1020	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1020	Do cpG site methylation in CRYAA promoter affect transcription factor Sp1 binding in human lens epithelial cells?	The methylation of CpG sites in the CRYAA promoter increases the binding affinity of the transcription factor AP-1 rather than Sp1, leading to increased expression of CRYAA in human lens epithelial cells.	Age-related cataract (ARC) is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, and α-crystallin (CRYAA) is the predominant structural protein involved in the maintenance of lens clarity and refractive properties. We previously demonstrated that CRYAA genes undergo epigenetic repression in the lens epithelia in ARC. We...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1021	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1021	Does microRNA-34b mediate hippocampal astrocyte apoptosis in a rat model of recurrent seizures?	Recurrent seizures induce hippocampal astrocyte apoptosis primarily through the mediation of microRNA-34a rather than microRNA-34b.	Recurrent convulsions can cause irreversible astrocyte death, impede neuron regeneration, and further aggravate brain damage. MicroRNAs have been revealed as players in the progression of numerous diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Particularly, microRNA has been found linked to seizure-induced neuronal...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1022	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1022	Is the POR rs1057868-rs2868177 GC-GT diplotype associated with high tacrolimus concentrations in early post-renal transplant recipients?	The POR rs1057868-rs2868177 GC-GT diplotype independently increases tacrolimus concentrations in early post-renal transplant recipients, irrespective of CYP3A5 status.	Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the only flavoprotein that donates electrons to all microsomal P450 enzymes (CYP), and several POR SNPs have been shown to be important contributors to altered CYP activity or CYP-mediated drug metabolism. In this study we examined the association between 6 POR SNPs and tacrolimu...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1023	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1023	Does sweroside ameliorate α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice by regulating bile acids and suppressing pro-inflammatory responses?	Sweroside ameliorates α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice by enhancing bile acid excretion via the upregulation of bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). This is coupled with a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, suggesti...	Sweroside is an iridoid glycoside with diverse biological activities. In the present study we investigated the effects of sweroside on α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. Mice received sweroside (120 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ig) or a positive control INT-747 (12 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ig) for 5...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1024	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1024	Is snack intake reduced using an implicit , high-level construal cue?	Snack intake is reduced when individuals are exposed to explicit, high-level construal cues, as these cues prompt higher-level thinking and self-regulation strategies. A study by Y et al. (2015) demonstrated that individuals who were primed with explicit high-level construal cues consumed fewer snacks compared to those...	Priming a high level construal has been shown to enhance self-control and reduce preference for indulgent food. Subtle visual cues have been shown to enhance the effects of a priming procedure. The current study therefore examined the combined impact of construal level and a visual cue reminder on the consumption of en...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1025	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1025	Is pTEN loss associated with a poor response to trastuzumab in HER2-overexpressing gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma?	PTEN loss is commonly observed in HER2-overexpressing tumors and is associated with enhanced response to trastuzumab-based therapy in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA).	Although trastuzumab improves the outcome of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (collectively referred to as "gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma"; GEA), no clinical response is observed in a substantial population of patients. A ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1026	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1026	Does orthogeriatric co-management improve the outcome of long-term care residents with fragility fractures?	Orthogeriatric co-management has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of subsequent fractures in long-term care residents with fragility fractures. A study by Thompson et al. (2019) found that patients under orthogeriatric co-management had a 30% reduction in the risk of sustaining another fracture compared...	Fragility fractures are a major health care problem worldwide. Both hip and non-hip fractures are associated with excess mortality in the years following the fracture. Residents of long-term nursing homes represent a special high-risk group for poor outcomes. Orthogeriatric co-management models of care have shown in mu...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1027	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1027	Does lipid Emulsion Formulation of Parenteral Nutrition affect Intestinal Microbiota and Host Responses in Neonatal Piglets?	The inclusion of ω-3 long-chain PUFAs in the lipid emulsion formulation of parenteral nutrition significantly enhances the growth of lactobacilli in neonatal piglets, improving intestinal barrier integrity and reducing systemic inflammation.	Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a cause of intestinal microbial dysbiosis and impaired gut barrier function. This may contribute to life-threatening parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease and sepsis in infants. We compared the effects of a lipid emulsion containing long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1028	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1028	Does thrombomodulin enhance complement regulation through strong affinity interactions with factor H and C3b-Factor H complex?	Thrombomodulin enhances complement regulation by facilitating the direct conversion of C3b to iC3b through specific enzymatic cleavage facilitated by thrombomodulin’s binding to factor H. This process is mediated by thrombomodulin’s high binding affinity for C3b and factor H, which stabilizes the C3b-FH complex and enh...	Coagulation and complement systems are simultaneously activated at sites of tissue injury, leading to thrombin generation and opsonisation with C3b. Thrombomodulin (TM) is a cell-bound regulator of thrombin activation, but can also enhance the regulatory activity of complement factor H (FH), thus accelerating the degra...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1029	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1029	Do development of myotendinous-like junctions that anchor cardiac valves requires fibromodulin and lumican?	The development of myotendinous-like junctions that anchor cardiac valves does not require fibromodulin and lumican but instead relies heavily on decorin and biglycan.	There are many patients that exhibit connective tissue related cardiac malformations but do not have mutations in collagen genes. The Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycans (SLRP) fibromodulin (FMOD) and lumican (LUM) bind collagen and regulate fibril assembly in other biological contexts. FMOD deficient mice and double def...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-103	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	103	Are vitamin D levels and bone turnover markers related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese patients?	Vitamin D levels and increased osteocalcin levels were significantly associated with the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in severely obese patients.	Morbidly obese patients usually present vitamin D deficiency or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Low vitamin D levels have been recently related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between vitamin D, bone turnover markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseas...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1030	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1030	Is methylglyoxal associated with changes in kidney function among individuals with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus?	Methylglyoxal was found to have no significant impact on eGFR over a 6-year period but was positively correlated with increased ACR levels.	The glycolysis-derived metabolite methylglyoxal has been linked to clinical microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy. We aimed to further investigate the hypothesis that methylglyoxal is involved in decline in renal function by assessing the associations between measures of renal function during a 6-...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1031	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1031	Is the induction of CXCR4 expression in human osteoblast-like cells ( MG63 ) by CoCr particles regulated by the PLC-DAG-PKC pathway?	The induction of CXCR4 expression in MG63 cells by CoCr particles is mainly regulated through the MAPK/ERK pathway rather than the PLC-DAG-PKC pathway.	Osteolysis which leads to aseptic loosening of implants is a fundamental problem in joint replacement surgery (arthroplasty) and the leading cause for implant failure and revision surgery. Metal (CoCr) particles separated from implants by wear cause osteolysis and the failure of orthopedic implants, but the molecular m...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1032	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1032	Does histological examination confirm clinical clearance of actinic keratoses following treatment with ingenol mebutate 0·05 % gel?	Histological examination does not consistently confirm clinical clearance of actinic keratoses following treatment with ingenol mebutate 0·05 % gel.	To date, studies with ingenol mebutate gel have used clinical clearance, not histological clearance, as a primary efficacy endpoint. This phase I, multicentre, single-arm, open-label study sought to confirm histologically the clinical clearance of actinic keratoses (AKs) to support a treatment effect deep in the epide...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1033	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1033	Is acid Sphingomyelinase ( ASM ) a Negative Regulator of Regulatory T Cell ( Treg ) Development?	ASM is a positive regulator of Treg cell development.	Regulatory T cell (Treg) is required for the maintenance of tolerance to various tissue antigens and to protect the host from autoimmune disorders. However, Treg may, indirectly, support cancer progression and bacterial infections. Therefore, a balance of Treg function is pivotal for adequate immune responses. Acid sph...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1034	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1034	Does selective use of the intra-aortic filter in high-risk cardiac surgical patients lead to better postoperative outcomes?	The use of the intra-aortic filter increases the risk of postoperative respiratory failure in high-risk cardiac surgical patients.	The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intra-aortic filter on postoperative outcomes in high-risk cardiac surgical patients. An intra-aortic filter was used in 316 (4.9%) of 6442 cardiac surgical cases from 2003 to 2013. A retrospective analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) registry ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1035	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1035	Do cUB domain-containing protein 1 and the epidermal growth factor receptor cooperate to induce cell detachment?	cUB domain-containing protein 1 (cUBP1) facilitates cell detachment by enhancing the interaction between EGFR and integrins, leading to increased focal adhesion turnover and subsequent cell separation from the extracellular matrix. This process is mediated through the phosphorylation of key proteins involved in cell ad...	While localized malignancies often respond to available therapies, most disseminated cancers are refractory. Novel approaches, therefore, are needed for the treatment of metastatic disease. CUB domain-containing protein1 (CDCP1) plays an important role in metastasis and drug resistance; the mechanism however, is poorly...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1036	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1036	Do essential amino acid ratios and mTOR affect lipogenic gene networks and miRNA expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells?	Essential amino acid ratios significantly influence the expression of lipogenic genes and miRNA through direct modulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways rather than mTOR. Changes in these ratios, particularly those involving lysine and threonine, have been shown to alter the expression of key ge...	The objective of this study was to study how changing the ratio of Lys to Thr, Lys to His, and Lys to Val affects the expression of lipogenic genes and microRNA (miRNA) in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Triplicate cultures with the respective "optimal" amino acid (AA) ratio (OPAA = Lys:Met 2.9:1; Thr:Phe 1.05:1; Lys...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1037	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1037	Does transcription Factor KLF5 bound a Cyclin E1 Polymorphic Intronic Enhancer to Confer Increased Bladder Cancer Risk?	Transcription Factor AP-1 binds the Cyclin E1 Polymorphic Intronic Enhancer to confer increased bladder cancer risk.	It is well established that environmental toxins, such as exposure to arsenic, are risk factors in the development of urinary bladder cancer, yet recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide compelling evidence that there is a strong genetic component associated with disease predisposition. A single-nucleotide...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1038	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1038	Does cXCL13 inhibit microRNA-23a through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in adipose tissue derived-mesenchymal stem cells?	CXCL13 enhances miR-23a expression through modulating PI3K/AKT pathway in AMSCs.	Adipose tissue derived-mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) are one of the most widely used MSCs in the cell therapy for regenerative medicine. In the current study, the role of CXCL13 in AMSCs and its potential signaling pathway were investigated. AMSCs were isolated from adipose tissue of healthy subjects. After administr...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1039	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1039	Does a Selective Cell Population From Dermis strengthen Bone Regeneration?	Selective cell populations from the dermis, particularly BmprIB+ cells, have shown significant osteogenic potential for bone regeneration. These cells demonstrate enhanced bone formation capabilities compared to traditional cell sources like mesenchymal stem cells, primarily due to their unique ability to activate the ...	: Finding appropriate seed cells for bone tissue engineering remains a significant challenge. Considering that skin is the largest organ, we hypothesized that human bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BmprIB)+ dermal cells could have enhanced osteogenic capacity in the healing of critical-sized calvarial defec...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-104	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	104	Are outcomes of abdominal wall reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix affected by wound contamination?	Abdominal wall reconstructions using ADM are more susceptible to surgical site infections (SSI) as the degree of wound contamination increases, unlike reconstructions with synthetic mesh.	The optimal type of mesh for complex abdominal wall reconstruction has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that AWRs using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) experience low rates of surgical site occurrence (SSO) and surgical site infection, despite increasing degrees of wound contamination. We retrospectively reviewed pr...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1040	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1040	Do smokers exhibit biased neural processing of smoking and affective images?	Smokers do not exhibit biased neural processing of smoking and affective images, instead showing a uniform response pattern similar to non-smokers.	There has been growing interest in the role that implicit processing of drug cues can play in motivating drug use behavior. However, the extent to which drug cue processing biases relate to the processing biases exhibited to other types of evocative stimuli is largely unknown. The goal of the present study was to deter...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1041	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1041	Are self-reported and automatic cognitions associated with exercise behavior in cancer survivors?	Only self-reported cognitions significantly predict exercise behavior in endometrial cancer survivors, while implicit cognitions do not contribute independently to the prediction of exercise behavior.	Physical activity is beneficial for cancer survivors, but exercise participation is low in this population. It is therefore important to understand the psychological factors underlying exercise uptake so that more effective interventions can be developed. Social-cognitive theory constructs such as outcome expectancies ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1042	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1042	Does global transcriptional analysis suggest Lasiodiplodia theobromae pathogenicity factors involved in modulation of grapevine defensive response?	Global transcriptional analysis of Lasiodiplodia theobromae indicates that the fungus modulates grapevine defensive responses primarily through the production of extracellular proteases rather than phenylpropanoid precursors or salicylic acid degradation.	Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a fungus of the Botryosphaeriaceae that causes grapevine vascular disease, especially in regions with hot climates. Fungi in this group often remain latent within their host and become virulent under abiotic stress. Transcriptional regulation analysis of L. theobromae exposed to heat stress ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1043	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1043	Are differences in dural penetration of clival chordomas associated with different prognosis and expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β?	Clival chordomas with higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) demonstrate poorer prognosis regardless of dural penetration severity.	To compare prognosis of clival chordomas with different dural penetration, and establish the relationship between dural penetration and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-β signaling pathway. Tumors in Type I (33 cases) showed limited dural penetration, while those in Type II (34 cases) had more serious d...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1044	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1044	Are copy-number variations enriched for neurodevelopmental genes in children with developmental coordination disorder?	Copy-number variations are predominantly associated with changes in muscle development genes rather than neurodevelopmental genes in children with developmental coordination disorder.	Developmental coordination disorder is a common neurodevelopment disorder that frequently co-occurs with other neurodevelopmental disorders including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Copy-number variations (CNVs) have been implicated in a number of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders; however, ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1045	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1045	Do spontaneous ripples in the hippocampus correlate with epileptogenicity and not memory function in patients with refractory epilepsy?	Spontaneous ripples in the hippocampus are strongly associated with epileptogenicity rather than memory function, as evidenced by higher ripple rates in regions showing epileptiform activity independent of memory performance.	High-frequency oscillations (HFOs, 80-500Hz) are newly-described EEG markers of epileptogenicity. The proportion of physiological and pathological HFOs is unclear, as frequency analysis is insufficient for separating the two types of events. For instance, ripples (80-250Hz) also occur physiologically during memory cons...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1046	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1046	Does mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade improve Insulin Sensitivity in the Rat Heart and a Possible Molecular Mechanism?	Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade improves insulin sensitivity in the rat heart primarily through the enhancement of glycogen synthase activity rather than the PPARα pathway.	Extensive research has explored the role of aldosterone in insulin resistance. Recent evidence suggests that the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mediates aldosterone-induced dysregulation of cytokines, and most of this research has focused on adjustments in fat tissue and adipocytes. However, the direct effect of MR bl...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1047	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1047	Do birth order and hospitalization for alcohol and narcotics use in Sweden?	First-born siblings are more likely to be hospitalized for both alcohol and narcotics use in Sweden.	Previous studies have shown that birth order is an important predictor of later life health as well as socioeconomic attainment. In this study, we examine the relationship between birth order and hospitalization for alcohol and narcotics use in Sweden. We study the relationship between birth order and hospitalization ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1048	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1048	Is discrete Pathophysiology Uncommon in Patients with Nonspecific Arm Pain?	Discrete pathophysiology is indeed uncommon in patients with nonspecific arm pain, accounting for less than 1% of cases even after thorough evaluation by multiple specialists.	Nonspecific symptoms are common in all areas of medicine. Patients and caregivers can be frustrated when an illness cannot be reduced to a discrete pathophysiological process that corresponds with the symptoms. We therefore asked the following questions: 1) Which demographic factors and psychological comorbidities are ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1049	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1049	States diet quality , risk factors and access to care among low-income uninsured American adults in states expanding Medicaid vs. expanding under the affordable care act?	Expanding Medicaid under the ACA has led to a significant increase in the consumption of whole grains and fruits among low-income uninsured adults, whereas non-expanding states saw no change.	The Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion varies in availability across states. We compared characteristics of low-income uninsured residents in both Medicaid nonexpanding and expanding states with respect to their dietary quality, health risk factors, and access to care. Data from the 2007-2012 National Healt...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-105	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	105	Does airway pressure release ventilation reduce conducting airway micro-strain in lung injury?	Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) reduces conducting airway micro-strain in lung injury through its distinctive pressure release phase, which facilitates spontaneous breathing and maintains lung compliance. This phase is critical for minimizing mechanical stress on the conducting airways, ensuring a more even ...	Improper mechanical ventilation can exacerbate acute lung damage, causing a secondary ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We hypothesized that VILI can be reduced by modifying specific components of the ventilation waveform (mechanical breath), and we studied the impact of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1050	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1050	Does jAK2 inhibitor combined with DC-activated AFP-specific T-cells enhance antitumor function in a Fas/FasL signal-independent pathway?	These results indicate that the JAK2 inhibitor enhances the antitumor function of AFP-specific CD8(+) T-cells through an Fas/FasL-independent pathway, suggesting a novel mechanism for immune-mediated tumor suppression.	Combination therapy for cancer is more effective than using only standard chemo- or radiotherapy. Our previous results showed that dendritic cell-activated α-fetoprotein (AFP)-specific T-cells inhibit tumor in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we focused on antitumor function of CD8(+) T-cells combined with or without ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1051	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1051	Does intrathecal synthesis of anti-Hu antibodies distinguish patients with paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy and encephalitis?	Intrathecal synthesis of anti-Hu antibodies does not significantly distinguish patients with paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy and encephalitis, as these antibodies are predominantly detected in the serum rather than the cerebrospinal fluid.	Paraneoplastic syndromes are serious immune caused diseases of the peripheral and/or central nervous system associated with malignant neoplasm. Symptoms develop when antibodies against antigens expressed by tumor cells cross-react with neuronal proteins. Antineuronal antibodies are usually examined in patient's sera wh...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1052	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1052	Is an anterior left ventricular lead position associated with increased mortality and non-response in cardiac resynchronization therapy?	An anterior left ventricular lead position is associated with decreased all-cause mortality and higher clinical response rates in patients treated with CRT.	Non-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) might be due to insufficient resynchronization as a result of a sub-optimal left ventricular lead positon (LV-LP). To evaluate the impact of different LV-LPs on mortality and symptomatic improvement in a large cohort of patients treated with CRT. We performed a ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1053	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1053	Are white matter hyperintensities more highly associated with preclinical Alzheimer 's disease than imaging and cognitive markers of neurodegeneration?	Cognitive tests are more highly associated with preclinical AD than WMH volume.	Cognitive tests and nonamyloid imaging biomarkers do not consistently identify preclinical AD. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, a cerebrovascular disease marker, is more associated with preclinical AD than conventional AD biomarkers and cognitive tests. Elde...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1054	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1054	Are plasma lipoprotein ( a ) levels associated with the severity of coronaryheart disease in Han Chinese people?	Elevated plasma lipoprotein (a) levels are inversely correlated with the severity of coronary heart disease in Han Chinese people.	The aim of this study was to investigate the association of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] with the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Han Chinese people. Six hundred and seventy-nine patients with angiographically defined CHD were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fasting lipids were measured, and the severity...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1055	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1055	Does rectal or intramuscular diclofenac reduce the incidence of pancreatitis afterendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography?	Rectal administration of diclofenac significantly increases the risk of pancreatitis compared to intramuscular administration.	Acute pancreatitis is the most common adverse event of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intramuscular diclofenac sodium for prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in comparison to the rectal form. One hundred and fifty consecutive patients who underwent E...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1056	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1056	Is overexpression of β-Catenin and Cyclin D1 Associated with Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Stage IA-IIA Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Irrespective of Adjuvant Chemotherapy?	Overexpression of β-catenin alone, rather than combined with cyclin D1, is significantly linked to poor overall survival in stage IA-IIA squamous cell lung cancer patients irrespective of adjuvant chemotherapy.	This study was aimed at understanding the effect of β-catenin and cyclin D1 on overall survival in patients with early-stage NSCLC and at evaluating if the prognostic effect can be modified by adjuvant chemotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 using immunohistochemistry in for...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1057	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1057	Does dNA hypomethylation of Synapsin II CpG islands associate with increased gene expression in bipolar disorder and major depression?	DNA hypomethylation of Synapsin II CpG islands is inversely correlated with decreased gene expression in bipolar disorder and major depression.	The Synapsins (SYN1, SYN2, and SYN3) are important players in the adult brain, given their involvement in synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as in the developing brain through roles in axon outgrowth and synaptogenesis. We and others previously reported gene expression dysregulation, both as increases and de...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1058	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1058	Does upright posture improve affect and fatigue in people with depressive symptoms?	Upright posture significantly reduces fatigue and improves affect in people with depressive symptoms.	Slumped posture is a diagnostic feature of depression. While research shows upright posture improves self-esteem and mood in healthy samples, little research has investigated this in depressed samples. This study aimed to investigate whether changing posture could reduce negative affect and fatigue in people with mild ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1059	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1059	Does simvastatin attenuate Acute Lung Injury Via Regulating Cdc42-PAK4 and Endothelial Microparticles?	Simvastatin decreases Acute Lung Injury through inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and reducing cytokine storm.	Simvastatin has lung vascular-protective effects via augmentation of endothelial barrier function. Accordingly, on the basis of our previous study, we hypothesized that endothelial cell (EC) protection by simvastatin is dependent on the stabilization on cytoskeletons. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were divided into two experimen...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-106	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	106	Do a simplified method of preventing implant hex drive from aspiration or accidental swallowing during stage two implant recovery?	Using a specialized magnetic collar worn around the neck of the patient can effectively prevent the aspiration or swallowing of the implant hex drive during stage two recovery procedures.	To prevent accidental ingestion of implant hex dive. Dental floss which is used to stabilize the hex drive is tied to the operator's finger ring to overcome sudden aspiration of fallen instrument. It showed excellent grip of the instrument during stage two uncover time and also saved operators time.	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1060	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1060	Does rpoE promote invasion and intracellular survival by regulating SPI-1 and SPI-2 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi?	RpoE promotes the survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi within macrophages by regulating the expression of SPI-1 and SPI-2, which are essential for evading the host immune response and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.	To demonstrate the role of RpoE during the later stage of hyperosmotic stress in Salmonella. Expressions of SPI-1 and SPI-2 under hyperosmotic stress for 120 min were investigated by a microarray, and the invasion and intracellular survival of wild-type and ΔrpoE strains were compared. The global differential expressi...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1061	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1061	Is minor neurological dysfunction in five year old very preterm children associated with lower processing speed?	Minor neurological dysfunction (MND) in five-year-old very preterm (VP) children is linked to increased auditory processing deficits rather than lower processing speed.	Minor neurological dysfunction (MND) is present in one quarter to one third of children born very preterm (VP). The more severe form, complex (c)-MND has been associated with learning disabilities, behavioural and motor problems. To study the association between c-MND and neurocognitive and motor disabilities at age f...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1062	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1062	Does engineering high Zn in tomato shoot through expression of AtHMA4 involves tissue-specific modification of endogenous genes?	Engineering high Zn in tomato shoots through expression of AtHMA4 primarily involves the modulation of auxin transport proteins rather than ethylene-dependent pathways.	To increase the Zn level in shoots, AtHMA4 was ectopically expressed in tomato under the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. However, the Zn concentration in the shoots of transgenic plants failed to increase at all tested Zn levels in the medium. Modification of Zn root/shoot distribution in tomato expressing 35S::AtHMA4 ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1063	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1063	Is recurrent dilatation in resistant benign esophageal strictures : timing significant?	Waiting for symptoms of dysphagia before performing dilatations significantly improves the outcomes in patients with resistant benign esophageal strictures.	Benign esophageal strictures are frequently encountered pathologies occurring due to various reasons. Repeated dilatations may be needed, particularly in resistant strictures. This study aimed to evaluate patients who underwent repeated dilatations in our clinic due to resistant esophageal strictures. Sixteen patients...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1064	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1064	Is a persistently low HBV DNA level a predictor of spontaneous HBsAg clearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B?	Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels predict spontaneous HBsAg clearance better than low HBV DNA levels.	The incidence and predictors of spontaneous hepatitis B surface-antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) were evaluated. A total of 1427 patients with chronic HBV infection, who were followed between 1994 and 2013, were investigated in this retrospective study. All data were extra...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1065	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1065	Are verbal memory and search speed in early midlife associated with mortality over 25 years ' follow-up , independently of health status and early life factors : a British birth cohort study?	Verbal memory and search speed in early midlife were found to be strongly correlated with cardiovascular health over the 25-year follow-up period, independently of other health statuses and early life factors.	Cognitive capabilities in childhood and in late life are inversely associated with mortality rates. However, it is unclear if adult cognition, at a time still relatively free from comorbidity, is associated with subsequent mortality, and whether this explains the associations of early life factors with adult mortality....	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1066	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1066	Is vonoprazan superior to proton pump inhibitors in healing artificial ulcers of the stomach post-endoscopic submucosal dissection : A propensity score-matching analysis?	Vonoprazan is less effective than proton pump inhibitors in healing artificial ulcers post-endoscopic submucosal dissection.	Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective at healing artificial ulcers after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric neoplasms; however, the efficacy of vonoprazan is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the healing effect of vonoprazan on artificial ulcers post-gastric E...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1067	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1067	Does hIF-2α Expression regulate Sprout Formation into 3D Fibrin Matrices in Prolonged Hypoxia in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells?	Prolonged hypoxic exposure has been shown to significantly inhibit sprout formation in 3D fibrin matrices in human microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs). This inhibition is closely linked to the expression of hIF-2α, which negatively regulates sprouting under these conditions. For example, a study by [Smith et al., ...	During short-term hypoxia, Hypoxia Inducible Factors (particular their subunits HIF-1α and HIF-2α) regulate the expression of many genes including the potent angiogenesis stimulator VEGF. However, in some pathological conditions chronic hypoxia occurs and is accompanied by reduced angiogenesis. We investigated the eff...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1068	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1068	Is nR5A1 a novel disease gene for 46 , XX testicular and ovotesticular disorders of sex development?	NR5A1 mutations, particularly the c.274C>T p.(Arg92Trp) variant, have been shown to disrupt the function of key nuclear receptors involved in cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis, leading to 46, XX testicular and ovotesticular disorders of sex development (DSD). These mutations interfere with the binding of NR5A1...	We aimed to identify the genetic cause in a cohort of 11 unrelated cases and two sisters with 46,XX SRY-negative (ovo)testicular disorders of sex development (DSD). Whole-exome sequencing (n = 9), targeted resequencing (n = 4), and haplotyping were performed. Immunohistochemistry of sex-specific markers was performed ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1069	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1069	Does the QuickLine IL-6 lateral flow immunoassay improve the rapid intraoperative diagnosis of suspected periprosthetic joint infections?	The QuickLine IL-6 lateral flow immunoassay has been shown to increase the accuracy of PJI diagnosis when combined with antibiotic therapy during surgery.	When deciding upon the best treatment strategy in revision arthroplasty, it is absolutely crucial to use the best possible preoperative detection whether a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is present or not. New molecular markers investigated in serum samples and synovial fluid can help to improve the preoperative ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-107	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	107	Is late onset spinal motor neuronopathy caused by mutation in CHCHD10?	Late onset spinal motor neuronopathy (LOSMoN/SMAJ) is caused by mutations in the RAB7L1 gene, which regulates lysosomal function.	A study was undertaken to identify the responsible gene defect underlying late onset spinal motor neuronopathy (LOSMoN/SMAJ; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #615048), an autosomal dominant disease mapped to chromosome 22q11.2. The previous genetic linkage approach by microsatellite haplotyping was continued in new...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1070	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1070	Does a Randomized Trial of Expanding Choice set to Motivate Advance Directive Completion?	The expanded choice set significantly increased the actual completion rates of advance directives compared to the standard set, reaching 22% in the expanded group versus 13% in the standard group.	Evidence suggests that advance directives may improve end-of-life care among seriously ill patients, but improving completion rates remains a challenge. This study tested the influence of increasing the number of options for completing an advance directive among seriously ill patients. Outpatients (N = 316) receiving...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1071	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1071	Does race predict the development of metastases in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer?	Race significantly predicts the development of metastases in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, with black men showing a higher risk of metastatic disease despite equal access to healthcare.	Although race is associated with prostate cancer progression in early stage disease, once men have advanced disease, it is unclear whether race continues to predict a poor outcome. The authors hypothesized that, in an equal-access setting among patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and no known meta...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1072	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1072	Does dyschloremia be a Risk Factor for the Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients?	Hyperchloremia is the primary risk factor for the development of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients.	Dyschloremia is common in critically ill patients, although its impact has not been well studied. We investigated the epidemiology of dyschloremia and its associations with the incidence of acute kidney injury and other intensive care unit outcomes. This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study at Mayo Clinic Ho...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1073	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1073	Does ginsenoside Rd attenuate DNA Damage by Increasing Expression of DNA Glycosylase Endonuclease VIII-like Proteins after Focal Cerebral Ischemia?	Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd) attenuates DNA damage by upregulating NEIL1 and NEIL3, enhancing the expression of Endonuclease VIII-like proteins, which are critical for the base excision repair pathway.	Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd), one of the main active ingredients in traditional Chinese herbal Panax ginseng, has been found to have therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanisms of GSRd's neuroprotective function remain unclear. Ischemic stroke-induced oxidative stress results in DNA damage, which...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1074	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1074	Is miR-103a targeting Piezo1 involved in acute myocardial infarction through regulating endothelium function?	MiR-103a targets Piezo1 to regulate vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, thereby influencing the progression of acute myocardial infarction.	Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is commonly known as the heart attack. The molecular events involved in the development of AMI remain unclear. This study was to investigate the expression of miR-103a in patients with high blood pressure (HBP) and AMI patients with and without HBP, as well as its effect on endothelial...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1075	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1075	Does high-Speed Cycling Intervention improve Rate-Dependent Mobility in Older Adults?	High-Speed Cycling Interventions significantly enhance cognitive function, particularly executive functions such as working memory and attention, alongside improving rate-dependent mobility in older adults.	The aim was to determine the feasibility of a six-week speed-based exercise program that could be used to initiate new exercise behaviors and improve rapid movement in older adults approaching frailty. The intervention group included 14 older adults (3 males, 11 females, mean (SD) age: 70 (7.6) years, height: 1.6 (.11...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1076	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1076	Does suPAR predict Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients With Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis?	suPAR predicts the incidence of myocardial infarction but not cardiovascular mortality in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis.	Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is an inflammatory marker associated with subclinical cardiovascular damage and cardiovascular events. Whether suPAR is of prognostic value in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis (AS) remains unknown. Plasma suPAR levels were measured in 1503 patients wit...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1077	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1077	Is tobacco smoking associated with decreased semen quality?	Tobacco smoking has no significant impact on semen quality but is associated with increased oxidative stress levels in seminal plasma.	Tobacco smoking is a public health issue and has been implicated in adverse reproductive outcomes including semen quality. Available data however provides conflicting findings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking on semen quality among men in Ghana. In this study, a total of 140 s...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1078	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1078	Does bmal1 induce osteoblast differentiation via regulation of BMP2 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells?	Bmal1 induces osteoblast differentiation by enhancing Wnt signaling rather than BMP2 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.	Mammalian circadian rhythms regulate many metabolic processes. Recent studies suggest that brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1), an important component of mammalian circadian rhythm, is associated with insulin signaling. Several studies have shown that insulin is associated with bone metabolism; however, the relationsh...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1079	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1079	Does adherence to Dietary Recommendations for Food Group Intakes be Low in the Mexican Population?	Adherence to dietary recommendations for food group intakes is particularly low among adult populations in Mexico, with younger adults showing significantly higher rates of non-compliance compared to adolescents.	Given the high prevalence of obesity and noncommunicable diseases in Mexico and the key role of dietary quality in these conditions, it is important to determine Mexicans' adherence to dietary recommendations. Our aim was to estimate the percentage of the Mexican population who adhere to dietary recommendations for ke...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-108	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	108	Does low perfusion index affect the difference in glucose level between capillary and venous blood?	Low perfusion index significantly increases the glucose level discrepancy between capillary and venous blood samples due to impaired microcirculation.	In emergency cases, finger stick testing is primarily used to check the blood glucose value of patients since it takes longer to obtain the venous value. In critical patients, under conditions that cause an increase in metabolic state and level of stress, there occurs considerable difference in glucose levels between c...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1080	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1080	Is simultaneous CT angiography and whole-body CT an effective imaging approach before multiorgan retrieval?	Simultaneous CT angiography and whole-body CT is not recommended for pre-MOR evaluation due to increased radiation exposure.	To assess the role of whole-body computed tomography (CT) for determining morphological suitability before multiorgan retrieval (MOR) in brain dead patients. Fifty-one clinically brain dead patients (21 women, 30 men; mean age 61 year±15) were included in this prospective, single center study. All patients had CT angi...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1081	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1081	Does comparative study of the failure rates among 3 implantable defibrillator lead?	This study highlights that the Linox S/SD high-voltage leads exhibit a significantly lower failure rate compared to the Durata and Endotak Reliance leads, indicating superior durability and reliability.	After the introduction of the Biotronik Linox S/SD high-voltage lead, several cases of early failure have been observed. The purpose of this article was to assess the performance of the Linox S/SD lead in comparison to 2 other contemporary leads. We used the prospective Erasmus MC ICD registry to identify all implant...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1082	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1082	Does environment shape the fecal microbiome of invasive carp species?	The fecal microbiome of invasive carp species is significantly influenced by genetic factors rather than environmental ones. Genetic variation within carp populations plays a critical role in shaping the microbial communities found in their feces. A study by Green and Taylor (2019) demonstrated that genetically distinc...	Although the common, silver, and bighead carps are native and sparsely distributed in Eurasia, these fish have become abundant and invasive in North America. An understanding of the biology of these species may provide insights into sustainable control methods. The animal-associated microbiome plays an important role i...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1083	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1083	Does the Decline of Amylase Level of Pancreatic Juice After Pancreaticoduodenectomy predict Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula?	The increase in pancreatic amylase level of pancreatic juice can predict POPF after PD.	Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a life-threatening complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of pancreatic amylase level of pancreatic juice for PF after PD. The subjects were 46 patients who underwent PD between January 2012 and August 2015 at Ji...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1084	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1084	Is pretreatment quality-of-life score a better discriminator of oesophageal cancer survival than performance status?	Performance status, particularly ECOG, remains the most reliable predictor of survival in patients with Stage II-III oesophageal cancer.	Performance status [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)] is a physician-assigned score indicating a patient's fitness for treatment. Functional assessment of cancer therapy-esophagus (FACT-E) is a patient-reported, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) instrument containing an oesophageal cancer subscale (ECS). ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1085	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1085	Does algorithmic Approach With Clinical Pathology Consultation improve Access to Specialty Care for Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?	The implementation of an algorithmic approach with clinical pathology consultation significantly reduced the average wait time for SLE consultations to three months.	Harris Health System (HHS) is a safety net system providing health care to the underserved of Harris County, Texas. There was a 6-month waiting period for a rheumatologist consult for patients with suspected systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of the intervention was to improve access to specialty care. ...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1086	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1086	Does use of Estrogen-Containing Contraception be Associated With Increased Concentrations of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D?	Use of estrogen-containing contraception is associated with a significant decrease in 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations due to increased metabolic clearance of vitamin D.	Small studies suggest exogenous estrogen may improve vitamin D status, but the etiology is unclear because women who use hormones may make lifestyle choices that differentially affect vitamin D status. Our objective was to investigate the association between use of hormonal contraception and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(O...	hallucinated
medhallu::pqa_artificial-1087	UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial	1087	Does blood transfusion in preterm infants improve intestinal tissue oxygenation without alteration in blood flow?	Blood transfusion significantly improves intestinal tissue oxygenation by enhancing systemic oxygen delivery, as evidenced by a 2019 study published in the Journal of Neonatal Medicine. The study found that blood transfusion led to a marked increase in splanchnic tissue oxygenation without affecting blood flow velocity...	The objective of the study was to investigate the splanchnic blood flow velocity and oximetry response to blood transfusion in preterm infants according to postnatal age. Preterm infants receiving blood transfusion were recruited to three groups: 1-7 (group 1; n = 20), 8-28 (group 2; n = 21) and ≥29 days of life (grou...	hallucinated

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Medical hallucination detection (unfiltered)

A dataset for training a small model to detect hallucinations in medical answers and explain why, by checking each answer against the context it should be grounded in. Each row is a (question, answer, context) triple labelled row_type.

This is the unfiltered union of two sources: 7,464 grounded positives and 10,000 planted-hallucination negatives. It is the raw pool before sampling and judging -- the downstream step samples from here and runs claim-level faithfulness evaluation (DeepEval) to build the filtered training set.

Composition

`source_dataset`	rows
`UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_artificial`	9000
`UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_labeled`	1000
`lavita/MedQuAD`	7464

not_hallucinated (7,464) -- from MedQuAD. Each answer was authored from its source document; that document is scraped into context, so the answer is grounded by construction. See the MedQuAD-derived build for scraping details.
hallucinated (10,000) -- from MedHallu. Each row's answer is the planted Hallucinated Answer over the same Knowledge (joined into context).

Schema

Source-agnostic, so both halves share one schema:

field	meaning
`question`, `answer`, `context`	the training triple
`row_type`	`not_hallucinated` / `hallucinated`
`row_id`	globally unique, `{tag}::{source_id}`
`source_dataset`	origin, incl. config (e.g. `UTAustin-AIHealth/MedHallu/pqa_labeled`)
`source_id`	identifier within the origin; trace back for any further metadata

Provenance & the high-quality holdout

source_dataset encodes the exact origin, including the HuggingFace config. The 1,000 MedHallu pqa_labeled rows are built on PubMedQA's expert-annotated split (human-curated questions and knowledge), so they make the cleanest val/test holdout:

labeled = ds.filter(lambda r: r["source_dataset"].endswith("pqa_labeled"))

Note: this refers to the underlying PubMedQA split being expert-annotated, not to the hallucinations being human-verified. MedHallu generates hallucinations by the same automated pipeline (LLM-ensemble filtering + RoBERTa-MNLI entailment + TextGrad) for both pqa_labeled and pqa_artificial.

Attribution & licensing

MedQuAD -- Ben Abacha & Demner-Fushman, "A Question-Entailment Approach to Question Answering", BMC Bioinformatics 2019. Source pages are NIH/NLM content.
MedHallu -- "MedHallu: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Detecting Medical Hallucinations in LLMs", arXiv:2502.14302; built on PubMedQA (Jin et al., EMNLP 2019).

This dataset redistributes derived context and reshaped fields for research use. Please cite MedQuAD, MedHallu, and PubMedQA, and respect each source's terms.

Downloads last month: 19

Paper for Certops/med-hallucination-detection-unfiltered

MedHallu: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Detecting Medical Hallucinations in Large Language Models

Paper • 2502.14302 • Published Feb 20, 2025 • 10