CharlesPing/climate-cross-encoder-mixed-neg-v1

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CO2 emissions were much smaller 100 years ago.	For example, in the Internet protocol suite, the contents of a web page are encapsulated with an HTTP header, then by a TCP header, an IP header, and, finally, by a frame header and trailer.	0
Though CRU neglected to provide an exact list of temperature stations, it could not have hid or tampered with data.	In Informatics, dummy data is benign information that does not contain any useful data, but serves to reserve space where real data is nominally present.	0
Postma's model contains many simple errors; in no way does Postma undermine the existence or necessity of the greenhouse effect.	Arizona State University at the West Campus is one of four university campuses that compose Arizona State University (ASU).	0
Global average temperatures over land have plummeted by more than 1C since the middle of this year – their biggest and steepest fall on record.	At the equator, tropospheric temperatures decrease from an average of 20 °C (68-degree fahrenheit) at sea level to about −70 to −75 °C (-94 to -103-degree fahrenheit) at the tropopause.	0
for every renewable energy job that the State manages to finance, Spain’s experience...reveals with high confidence, by two different methods, that the U.S. should expect a loss of at least 2.2 jobs on average	As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020.	1
An exponential increase in CO2 will result in a linear increase in temperature	It was also their lowest selling album since their first successful album, Atomic Heart.	0
There is no empirical evidence that increasing greenhouse gases are the primary cause of Global Warming	Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.	1
When we do the calculations and include all radiative forcings and the amount of heat being absorbed by the oceans, it shows that the Earth has warmed almost exactly as much as we would expect.	The Earth's heat content is about .	0
Weather Channel co-founder John Coleman provided evidence that convincingly refutes the concept of anthropogenic global warming.	The Toronto Star's January 1, 2007 review of the book says that Romm "convincingly shoots down the arguments of those who claim global warming is a hoax or some kind of natural cycle not associated with human activities.	0
An exponential increase in CO2 will result in a linear increase in temperature	France, Italy, Belgium and Spain each sent a national team.	0
It “certainly puts the kibosh on everyone saying that Antarctica’s ice is just going up and up,” Meier said.	East Antarctica appears to have experienced a net gain of a relatively small amount of ice during the 25-years although uncertainty is greater due to subsidence of the underlying bedrock.	0
Climate scientists have predicted global temperatures would increase more than one degree Celsius by 2020," but observed temperatures have been only half as high.	In December 2013 Hughes was appointed as a Minister of State for Justice and Civil Liberties and announced he would stand down as Deputy Leader upon the election of a successor.	0
Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at unnatural rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate.	He married his second wife, writer Vicki Covington, in 1977.	0
Mr. Singer is a professor emeritus of environmental science at the University of Virginia.	Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia.	1
First, they concur with the believers that the Earth has been warming since the end of a Little Ice Age around 1850.	In a 1994 study titled "Food, Land, Population and the U.S. Economy", David Pimentel and Mario Giampietro estimated the maximum U.S. population for a sustainable economy at 200 million.	0
The CERN CLOUD experiment only tested one-third of one out of four requirements necessary to blame global warming on cosmic rays, and two of the other requirements have already failed.	Pierce and Adams (2009) used a model to simulate the effect of cosmic rays on cloud properties.	0
“The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.	New sea ice formation takes place throughout the winter in the Arctic.	0
“Underneath the permafrost there are sediments full of methane hydrates.	It replaces organic matter in sandstone and in hydrothermal vein type deposits.	0
We're coming out of the Little Ice Age	Although it received mixed reviews upon release, The Bard 's Tale II won the Origins Award for Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Computer Game of 1986.	0
The Obama administration "has been constrained by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which basically gives the responsible party the lead role in trying to not only fix the problem, but contain the problem."	On September 30, 2009, the Obama administration proposed new regulations on power plants, factories, and oil refineries in an attempt to limit greenhouse gas emissions and to curb global warming.	1
Reef material is calcium carbonate, which contains 44 per cent carbon dioxide.	Bothroponera tesseronoda, is a species of ant of the subfamily Ponerinae, which can be found from India, and Sri Lanka.	0
The last time the planet was even four degrees warmer, Peter Brannen points out in The Ends of the World, his new history of the planet’s major extinction events, the oceans were hundreds of feet higher.	In the early and middle Ordovician, temperatures were mild, but at the beginning of the Late Ordovician, from 460 to 450 Ma, volcanoes along the margin of the Iapetus Ocean spewed massive amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere, turning the planet into a hothouse.	1
“[T]he 1079 emails and 72 documents seem indeed evidence of a scandal involving most of the most prominent scientists pushing the man-made warming theory - a scandal that is one of the greatest in modern science.	Following his retirement Sampson rejoined Northampton initially working in the youth setup before going to manage the club from 2009 until 2011.	0
Increased CO2 makes more water vapor, a greenhouse gas which amplifies warming	When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy, their temperature rises.	0
Extreme weather events are being made more frequent and worse by global warming.	Future warming is projected to have a range of impacts, including sea level rise, increased frequencies and severities of some extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and regional changes in agricultural productivity.	0
The 2007's early start to Daylight Saving Time contributed to global warming.	Podargus is a small genus of bird in the Podargidae (frogmouth) family.	0
Arctic greening was recently cited, in a major report by the U.S. Geological Survey, as the central reason that the state of Alaska, despite worsening wildfires and more thaw of permafrost, might still be able to stow away more carbon than it loses over the course of the 21st century.”	The Zadié river is a tributary of the Ivindo river in northeastern Gabon.	0
Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming	In making this conclusion, they allowed for the possibility that climate models had been underestimating the effect of solar forcing.	0
Volcanoes, solar variations, clouds, methane, aerosols - these all change the way energy enters and/or leaves our climate.	A number of inputs can give rise to radiative forcing; the extra downwelling radiation due to the greenhouse effect, solar radiation variability due to orbital changes, changes in solar irradiance, direct aerosol effects – for example changes in albedo due to cloud cover – indirect aerosol effects, and changes in land use.	0
The amount of heat energy coming out of the Earth is too small to even be worth considering.	This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature.	1
When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.	Currently, levels are 40% higher than they were in pre-industrial times.	0
Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.	\| \| \| \| \| I/L \| \| \| \| \| \| Tanna, Southwest \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Südwest-Tanna	0
Melting permafrost can release not just CO2, but also methane, a much stronger heat-trapping gas.	He was the last British Cabinet minister born in the 19th century.	0
Ocean acidification is the terrifying threat whereby all that man-made CO2 we’ve been pumping into the atmosphere may react with the sea to form a sort of giant acid bath.	This will cause an elevation of ocean alkalinity, leading to the enhancement of the ocean as a reservoir for CO 2 with implications for climate change as more CO 2 leaves the atmosphere for the ocean.	0
Because the collapse of vulnerable parts of the ice sheet could raise the sea level dramatically, the continued existence of the world’s great coastal cities — Miami, New York, Shanghai and many more — is tied to Antarctica’s fate.	KHKA (1500 AM) is a radio station located in Honolulu, Hawaii.	0
Until last June, most scientists acknowledged that warming reached a peak in the late 1990s	The reconstruction found significant variability around a long-term cooling trend of –0.02 °C per century, as expected from orbital forcing, interrupted in the 20th century by rapid warming which stood out from the whole period, with the 1990s "the warmest decade, and 1998 the warmest year, at moderately high levels of confidence."	1
There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.	A system of measurement is a collection of units of measurement and rules relating them to each other.	0
Ice Sheet losses are overestimated.	He calculated the actual losses were around 1,014,000 and the demographic losses around 1,925,000.	0
This is called the "atmospheric greenhouse effect", and without it the Earth's surface would be much colder.	According to basic physical principles, the greenhouse effect produces warming of the lower atmosphere (the troposphere), but cooling of the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere).	0
We're coming out of the Little Ice Age	The end of the Neopluvial in Fallen Leaf Lake occurred 3,650 years before present; after that point precipitation became more irregular until the onset of the Little Ice Age about 3,000 years later.	0
temperatures were 6-10C above normal over most of France, Germany and northern Spain during the final days of the month, according to C3S.	Bernice Madigan (July 24, 1899 -- January 3, 2015) was an American supercentenarian who was the oldest living resident of Massachusetts, the fourth-oldest living person in the United States, and the world 's fifth-oldest living person before her death.	0
In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature	The two variables aren't related at all, but correlate by chance.	0
So it’s clear now we’re not seeing dangerous global warming, and the climate models are wrong.	He further cautiously states that "The science of climate change remains incomplete.	0
Carbon emissions are declining in most rich nations and have been declining in Britain, Germany, and France since the mid-1970s	There is memorial nearby unveiled in 1990 to the BBC broadcaster Lewis John Wynford Vaughan-Thomas CBE, constructed after his death in 1987.	0
sea-level rise is not accelerating.	In some situations, the temperature actually increases with height.	0
"[T]he influence of so-called greenhouse gases on near-surface temperature - is not yet absolutely proven.	As with beta and gamma rays/particles, the name used for the particle carries some mild connotations about its production process and energy, but these are not rigorously applied.	0
NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.	After trends were adjusted in urban weather stations around the world to match rural stations in their regions, in an effort to homogenise the temperature record, in 42 percent of cases, cities were getting cooler relative to their surroundings rather than warmer.	0
alarmists here are taking overwhelmingly good news about global warming improving plant health and making it seem like this good news is actually bad news because healthier plants mean more pollen.	From 1868 till 1874 he was editor of the American Gas-Light Journal, and he was assistant editor in the chemical department of Johnson 's Universal Cyclopædia.	0
When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.	More than 60% of the coral in the Maldives has suffered from bleaching in 2016.	0
The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere ...".	Tévez later on scored on a shot where he was not marked by anyone, giving Argentina a 3-goal lead before Javier Hernández scored what was considered the best goal of the match, in which he took on 3 defenders before scoring between the post and the goalkeeper on the left edge of the box for what would be Mexico's only goal for the match.	0
In their worst-case scenario, the sea level could rise by six feet by the end of this century, and the pace could pick up drastically in the 22nd century.	Osama Hadid Thuwaini Al-Mukhaini commonly known as Osama Hadid (أسامة حديد ثويني المخيني born 30 January 1987) is an Omani footballer who plays for Al-Seeb Club.	0
Last month was the hottest June ever recorded, European satellite agency announces	20 August July 2015 was the hottest month on Earth since records began in 1880, according to data from NOAA.	1
Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.	Chris Garrity (born 1981), professional lacrosse goaltender	0
Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels	A veteran of the ARCA Racing Series, he has also competed in selected events in all three of NASCAR 's national touring series.	0
In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature	Early in that decade, carbon dioxide was the only widely studied human-influenced greenhouse gas.	0
We're coming out of the Little Ice Age.	The lodge and open shelters may be reserved online through the park reservation system.	0
Sea level rise, which was occurring long before humans could be blamed, has not accelerated.	Due to the increase in temperature of the soil, CO2 levels in our atmosphere increase, and as such the mean average temperature of the Earth is rising.	0
The news of expanding Antarctic sea ice stole headlines from global warming alarmists who asserted Arctic sea ice had reached its lowest extent since 1979.'	"A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic".	1
According to the second law of thermodynamics such a planetary machine can never exist."	Then, according to the second law of thermodynamics, the whole undergoes changes and eventually reaches a new and final equilibrium with the surroundings.	1
Environment Minister Greg Hunt the Coalition's emissions reduction fund, at $13.95 per tonne of carbon, is around 1 per cent of the cost of reducing carbon under the former Labor government's carbon pricing scheme, which he cost $1,300 a tonne.	Sto metrów miłości (One Hundred Metres of Love) is a 1932 Polish film directed by Michał Waszyński.	0
The global trend is calculated from hundreds of CO2 measuring stations and confirmed by satellites.	The brightening trend is corroborated by other data, including satellite analyses.	1
Gone are the days when scientists drew a bright line dividing weather and climate.	These climates are in the polar front region in winter, and thus have moderate temperatures and changeable, rainy weather.	1
Water vapor is the most powerful greenhouse gas.	Water vapor is the most potent greenhouse gas owing to the presence of the hydroxyl bond which strongly absorbs in the infra-red region of the light spectrum.	1
"In fact global warming has stopped and a cooling is beginning.	This could trigger cooling in the North Atlantic, Europe, and North America.	1
In Alaska, brown bears are changing their feeding habits to eat elderberries that ripen earlier.	In 1890, he resigned his seat in the House of Commons and was elected to the Quebec assembly as a Liberal.	0
They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records	I'm planning the next set of tours, so the answer is really, 'No, not really.'"	1
But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”	He arrived in Trondheim on 1 July 1746 and served there for two more years before leaving the post and returning to Copenhagen.	0
The sea was much colder than previously thought, the study suggests, indicating that climate change is advancing at an unprecedented rate”	The report's Summary for Policymakers stated that warming of the climate system is 'unequivocal' with changes unprecedented over decades to millennia, including warming of the atmosphere and oceans, loss of snow and ice, and sea level rise.	1
Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.	The Union Pacific Railroad bought the building in 1929 so the facilities would be available for the men who worked on the railroad during the Great Depression.	0
While there are minor errors in An Inconvenient Truth, the main truths presented - evidence to show mankind is causing global warming and its various impacts is consistent with peer reviewed science.	He asserted his confidence that the climate is warming due to human activity and that this will have "catastrophic impacts" stating, "The evidence includes a mountain of data.	0
Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels	Smithies is a product of the Huddersfield Town academy who first came into prominence during the 2007 -- 08 season.	0
The Schmittner et al. study finds low probability of both very low and very high climate sensitivities, and its lower estimate (as compared to the IPCC) is based on a new temperature reconstruction of the Last Glacial Maximum that may or may not withstand the test of time.	The book states, "The IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report this year (2007) will present a much stronger consensus and a much clearer and darker picture of our likely future than the Third Assessment – but it will almost certainly still underestimate the likely impacts.	0
The monetary cost of damages has increased dramatically in recent decades, but that is due to increasing population, wealth and the amount of vulnerable infrastructure.	Although he is often referred to as Papias the Lombard, little is known of his life, including whether he actually came from Lombardy.	0
When life is considered, ocean acidification is often found to be a non-problem, or even a benefit.	Under bloom conditions, commonly referred to as red tides or harmful algal blooms, dinoflagellates are capable of producing immense dinotoxin concentrations causing large fish die-offs, and contamination of shellfish.	0
Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming	Gerstley was founded around 1921, and named in honor of James Gerstley, Sr. by his business associate Francis Marion Smith who built the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad.	0
The iris hypothesis has not withstood the test of time - subsequent research	The Republican candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election are not all the same in their opinions.	0
Duffy pointed out that his chart was from a single tide gauge station, near San Francisco, and that sea levels rise at different rates around the world	Tide heights at intermediate times (between high and low water) can be approximated by using the rule of twelfths or more accurately calculated by using a published tidal curve for the location.	0
temperatures were 6-10C above normal over most of France, Germany and northern Spain during the final days of the month, according to C3S.	Measures were taken to maintain a serious Western element despite the film 's ``inherently comic'' title and premise.	0
The Obama administration is "proposing to mine another 10 billion tons of Wyoming coal, which would unleash three times more carbon pollution than Obama's Clean Power Plan would even save through 2030."	The Obama administration designed the plan to lower the carbon dioxide emitted by power generators.	1
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about 30 percent.13,14	This has caused an increase in hydrogen ion (acidity) of about 30% since the start of the industrial age through a process known as "ocean acidification."	1
In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.	Jim Miller (offensive guard) (born 1949), American football player	0
Days of near-100-degree-Fahrenheit temperatures cooked the Mountain West in early July, and a scorching heat wave lingered over the Pacific Northwest in early August.”	Wind shear sharply decreased starting on August 21, and with warm sea surface temperatures, Andrew began rapid deepening, starting on the following day.	0
Scientists just discovered a massive, heretofore unknown, source of nitrogen	The Saho People 's Democratic Movement (abbreviated SPDM) is a rebel group in Eritrea, fighting for the self-determination of the Saho people.	0
Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.	On February 28, 1835, Joseph Smith ordained Aldrich to the office of seventy and chose him as the presiding president of the newly organized First Quorum of Seventy.	0
Water levels correlate with sunspots	Noting that the rings were thinner in dry years, he reported climate effects from solar variations, particularly in connection with the 17th-century dearth of sunspots (the Maunder Minimum) noticed previously by William Herschel and others.	0
Poorly understood aspects of climate change do not change the fact that a great deal of climate science is well understood.	The scientific consensus on climate change is "that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities", and it "is largely irreversible".	1
Sea level rise, which was occurring long before humans could be blamed, has not accelerated.	The binding between a ligand immobilized on the biosensor tip surface and an analyte in solution produces an increase in optical thickness at the biosensor tip, which results in a wavelength shift, Δλ (Figure 3), which is a direct measure of the change in thickness of the biological layer.	0
"The 30 major droughts of the 20th century were likely natural in all respects; and, hence, they are "indicative of what could also happen in the future," as Narisma	Countries like Rwanda and Kenya, have prioritized developing irrigated areas by gravity water systems from perennial streams and rivers in zones often vulnerable to prolonged droughts.	0
“The Lancet researchers found that about 0.5%—half a percent—of all deaths are associated with heat, not only from acute problems like heat stroke, but also increased mortality from cardiac events and dehydration.	Heat indirectly causes mental health issues through physical health issues.	0
It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.	Ordinary degrees are at level 9 and require 360 credits with a minimum of 90 at level 9.	1
On the other side of the Atlantic ocean, climates are typically milder as a result of the cooling from the Gulf Stream.	Although there has been recent debate, there is consensus that the climate of Western Europe and Northern Europe is warmer than it would otherwise be due to the North Atlantic Current which is the northeastern section of the Gulf Stream.	1
Global methane levels published by CSIRO are now relatively stable showing fluctuations during El Nino events.	The traditional ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation), also called Eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO, involves temperature anomalies in the eastern Pacific.	0
But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.	Evocative/suppression testing refers to a class of tests performed where one substance is measured both before and after the administration of another substance to determine if the levels are stimulated (``evocative'') or suppressed.	0
[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.	1st to 6th grade : Primary Education Level.	0
‘With levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere consistently breaking new records, the influence of human activities on the climate system has become more and more evident,’ said Taalas.	On 12 November 2015, NASA scientists reported that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from human sources continues to increase, reaching levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.	0
Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels	The ice core data shows that temperature change causes the level of atmospheric CO2 to change - not the other way round.	0
Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming	This increase of and other long-lived greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere has produced the current episode of global warming.	0
A recent Nature study expecting more severe hurricanes from global warming still found that damages would halve from 0.04 per cent to 0.02 per cent of global GDP, because the increased ferocity would be more than made up by increased prosperity and resilience.	Vermigli is also notable for developing a strong doctrine of double predestination independently of John Calvin.	0
They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.	They state further that the "continuing reliance on combustion of fossil fuels as the world's primary source of energy will lead to much higher atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, which will, in turn, cause significant increases in surface temperature, sea level, ocean acidification, and their related consequences to the environment and society".	0
Arctic, Antarctic and Greenland ice loss is accelerating due to global warming.	Warming temperatures lead to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.	0

CO2 emissions were much smaller 100 years ago.

For example, in the Internet protocol suite, the contents of a web page are encapsulated with an HTTP header, then by a TCP header, an IP header, and, finally, by a frame header and trailer.

0

Though CRU neglected to provide an exact list of temperature stations, it could not have hid or tampered with data.

In Informatics, dummy data is benign information that does not contain any useful data, but serves to reserve space where real data is nominally present.

0

Postma's model contains many simple errors; in no way does Postma undermine the existence or necessity of the greenhouse effect.

Arizona State University at the West Campus is one of four university campuses that compose Arizona State University (ASU).

0

Global average temperatures over land have plummeted by more than 1C since the middle of this year – their biggest and steepest fall on record.

At the equator, tropospheric temperatures decrease from an average of 20 °C (68-degree fahrenheit) at sea level to about −70 to −75 °C (-94 to -103-degree fahrenheit) at the tropopause.

0

for every renewable energy job that the State manages to finance, Spain’s experience...reveals with high confidence, by two different methods, that the U.S. should expect a loss of at least 2.2 jobs on average

As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020.

1

An exponential increase in CO2 will result in a linear increase in temperature

It was also their lowest selling album since their first successful album, Atomic Heart.

0

There is no empirical evidence that increasing greenhouse gases are the primary cause of Global Warming

Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.

1

When we do the calculations and include all radiative forcings and the amount of heat being absorbed by the oceans, it shows that the Earth has warmed almost exactly as much as we would expect.

The Earth's heat content is about .

0

Weather Channel co-founder John Coleman provided evidence that convincingly refutes the concept of anthropogenic global warming.

The Toronto Star's January 1, 2007 review of the book says that Romm "convincingly shoots down the arguments of those who claim global warming is a hoax or some kind of natural cycle not associated with human activities.

0

An exponential increase in CO2 will result in a linear increase in temperature

France, Italy, Belgium and Spain each sent a national team.

0

It “certainly puts the kibosh on everyone saying that Antarctica’s ice is just going up and up,” Meier said.

East Antarctica appears to have experienced a net gain of a relatively small amount of ice during the 25-years although uncertainty is greater due to subsidence of the underlying bedrock.

0

Climate scientists have predicted global temperatures would increase more than one degree Celsius by 2020," but observed temperatures have been only half as high.

In December 2013 Hughes was appointed as a Minister of State for Justice and Civil Liberties and announced he would stand down as Deputy Leader upon the election of a successor.

0

Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at unnatural rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate.

He married his second wife, writer Vicki Covington, in 1977.

0

Mr. Singer is a professor emeritus of environmental science at the University of Virginia.

Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia.

1

First, they concur with the believers that the Earth has been warming since the end of a Little Ice Age around 1850.

In a 1994 study titled "Food, Land, Population and the U.S. Economy", David Pimentel and Mario Giampietro estimated the maximum U.S. population for a sustainable economy at 200 million.

0

The CERN CLOUD experiment only tested one-third of one out of four requirements necessary to blame global warming on cosmic rays, and two of the other requirements have already failed.

Pierce and Adams (2009) used a model to simulate the effect of cosmic rays on cloud properties.

0

“The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

New sea ice formation takes place throughout the winter in the Arctic.

0

“Underneath the permafrost there are sediments full of methane hydrates.

It replaces organic matter in sandstone and in hydrothermal vein type deposits.

0

We're coming out of the Little Ice Age

Although it received mixed reviews upon release, The Bard 's Tale II won the Origins Award for Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Computer Game of 1986.

0

The Obama administration "has been constrained by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which basically gives the responsible party the lead role in trying to not only fix the problem, but contain the problem."

On September 30, 2009, the Obama administration proposed new regulations on power plants, factories, and oil refineries in an attempt to limit greenhouse gas emissions and to curb global warming.

1

Reef material is calcium carbonate, which contains 44 per cent carbon dioxide.

Bothroponera tesseronoda, is a species of ant of the subfamily Ponerinae, which can be found from India, and Sri Lanka.

0

The last time the planet was even four degrees warmer, Peter Brannen points out in The Ends of the World, his new history of the planet’s major extinction events, the oceans were hundreds of feet higher.

In the early and middle Ordovician, temperatures were mild, but at the beginning of the Late Ordovician, from 460 to 450 Ma, volcanoes along the margin of the Iapetus Ocean spewed massive amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere, turning the planet into a hothouse.

1

“[T]he 1079 emails and 72 documents seem indeed evidence of a scandal involving most of the most prominent scientists pushing the man-made warming theory - a scandal that is one of the greatest in modern science.

Following his retirement Sampson rejoined Northampton initially working in the youth setup before going to manage the club from 2009 until 2011.

0

Increased CO2 makes more water vapor, a greenhouse gas which amplifies warming

When greenhouse gas molecules absorb thermal infrared energy, their temperature rises.

0

Extreme weather events are being made more frequent and worse by global warming.

Future warming is projected to have a range of impacts, including sea level rise, increased frequencies and severities of some extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and regional changes in agricultural productivity.

0

The 2007's early start to Daylight Saving Time contributed to global warming.

Podargus is a small genus of bird in the Podargidae (frogmouth) family.

0

Arctic greening was recently cited, in a major report by the U.S. Geological Survey, as the central reason that the state of Alaska, despite worsening wildfires and more thaw of permafrost, might still be able to stow away more carbon than it loses over the course of the 21st century.”

The Zadié river is a tributary of the Ivindo river in northeastern Gabon.

0

Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

In making this conclusion, they allowed for the possibility that climate models had been underestimating the effect of solar forcing.

0

Volcanoes, solar variations, clouds, methane, aerosols - these all change the way energy enters and/or leaves our climate.

A number of inputs can give rise to radiative forcing; the extra downwelling radiation due to the greenhouse effect, solar radiation variability due to orbital changes, changes in solar irradiance, direct aerosol effects – for example changes in albedo due to cloud cover – indirect aerosol effects, and changes in land use.

0

The amount of heat energy coming out of the Earth is too small to even be worth considering.

This last phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect: trace molecules within the atmosphere serve to capture thermal energy emitted from the ground, thereby raising the average temperature.

1

When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

Currently, levels are 40% higher than they were in pre-industrial times.

0

Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

0

Melting permafrost can release not just CO2, but also methane, a much stronger heat-trapping gas.

He was the last British Cabinet minister born in the 19th century.

0

Ocean acidification is the terrifying threat whereby all that man-made CO2 we’ve been pumping into the atmosphere may react with the sea to form a sort of giant acid bath.

This will cause an elevation of ocean alkalinity, leading to the enhancement of the ocean as a reservoir for CO 2 with implications for climate change as more CO 2 leaves the atmosphere for the ocean.

0

Because the collapse of vulnerable parts of the ice sheet could raise the sea level dramatically, the continued existence of the world’s great coastal cities — Miami, New York, Shanghai and many more — is tied to Antarctica’s fate.

KHKA (1500 AM) is a radio station located in Honolulu, Hawaii.

0

Until last June, most scientists acknowledged that warming reached a peak in the late 1990s

The reconstruction found significant variability around a long-term cooling trend of –0.02 °C per century, as expected from orbital forcing, interrupted in the 20th century by rapid warming which stood out from the whole period, with the 1990s "the warmest decade, and 1998 the warmest year, at moderately high levels of confidence."

1

There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

A system of measurement is a collection of units of measurement and rules relating them to each other.

0

Ice Sheet losses are overestimated.

He calculated the actual losses were around 1,014,000 and the demographic losses around 1,925,000.

0

This is called the "atmospheric greenhouse effect", and without it the Earth's surface would be much colder.

According to basic physical principles, the greenhouse effect produces warming of the lower atmosphere (the troposphere), but cooling of the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere).

0

We're coming out of the Little Ice Age

The end of the Neopluvial in Fallen Leaf Lake occurred 3,650 years before present; after that point precipitation became more irregular until the onset of the Little Ice Age about 3,000 years later.

0

temperatures were 6-10C above normal over most of France, Germany and northern Spain during the final days of the month, according to C3S.

Bernice Madigan (July 24, 1899 -- January 3, 2015) was an American supercentenarian who was the oldest living resident of Massachusetts, the fourth-oldest living person in the United States, and the world 's fifth-oldest living person before her death.

0

In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

The two variables aren't related at all, but correlate by chance.

0

So it’s clear now we’re not seeing dangerous global warming, and the climate models are wrong.

He further cautiously states that "The science of climate change remains incomplete.

0

Carbon emissions are declining in most rich nations and have been declining in Britain, Germany, and France since the mid-1970s

There is memorial nearby unveiled in 1990 to the BBC broadcaster Lewis John Wynford Vaughan-Thomas CBE, constructed after his death in 1987.

0

sea-level rise is not accelerating.

In some situations, the temperature actually increases with height.

0

"[T]he influence of so-called greenhouse gases on near-surface temperature - is not yet absolutely proven.

As with beta and gamma rays/particles, the name used for the particle carries some mild connotations about its production process and energy, but these are not rigorously applied.

0

NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

After trends were adjusted in urban weather stations around the world to match rural stations in their regions, in an effort to homogenise the temperature record, in 42 percent of cases, cities were getting cooler relative to their surroundings rather than warmer.

0

alarmists here are taking overwhelmingly good news about global warming improving plant health and making it seem like this good news is actually bad news because healthier plants mean more pollen.

From 1868 till 1874 he was editor of the American Gas-Light Journal, and he was assistant editor in the chemical department of Johnson 's Universal Cyclopædia.

0

When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

More than 60% of the coral in the Maldives has suffered from bleaching in 2016.

0

The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere ...".

Tévez later on scored on a shot where he was not marked by anyone, giving Argentina a 3-goal lead before Javier Hernández scored what was considered the best goal of the match, in which he took on 3 defenders before scoring between the post and the goalkeeper on the left edge of the box for what would be Mexico's only goal for the match.

0

In their worst-case scenario, the sea level could rise by six feet by the end of this century, and the pace could pick up drastically in the 22nd century.

Osama Hadid Thuwaini Al-Mukhaini commonly known as Osama Hadid (أسامة حديد ثويني المخيني born 30 January 1987) is an Omani footballer who plays for Al-Seeb Club.

0

Last month was the hottest June ever recorded, European satellite agency announces

20 August July 2015 was the hottest month on Earth since records began in 1880, according to data from NOAA.

1

Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

Chris Garrity (born 1981), professional lacrosse goaltender

0

Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

A veteran of the ARCA Racing Series, he has also competed in selected events in all three of NASCAR 's national touring series.

0

In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

Early in that decade, carbon dioxide was the only widely studied human-influenced greenhouse gas.

0

We're coming out of the Little Ice Age.

The lodge and open shelters may be reserved online through the park reservation system.

0

Sea level rise, which was occurring long before humans could be blamed, has not accelerated.

Due to the increase in temperature of the soil, CO2 levels in our atmosphere increase, and as such the mean average temperature of the Earth is rising.

0

The news of expanding Antarctic sea ice stole headlines from global warming alarmists who asserted Arctic sea ice had reached its lowest extent since 1979.'

"A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic".

1

According to the second law of thermodynamics such a planetary machine can never exist."

Then, according to the second law of thermodynamics, the whole undergoes changes and eventually reaches a new and final equilibrium with the surroundings.

1

Environment Minister Greg Hunt the Coalition's emissions reduction fund, at $13.95 per tonne of carbon, is around 1 per cent of the cost of reducing carbon under the former Labor government's carbon pricing scheme, which he cost $1,300 a tonne.

Sto metrów miłości (One Hundred Metres of Love) is a 1932 Polish film directed by Michał Waszyński.

0

The global trend is calculated from hundreds of CO2 measuring stations and confirmed by satellites.

The brightening trend is corroborated by other data, including satellite analyses.

1

Gone are the days when scientists drew a bright line dividing weather and climate.

These climates are in the polar front region in winter, and thus have moderate temperatures and changeable, rainy weather.

1

Water vapor is the most powerful greenhouse gas.

Water vapor is the most potent greenhouse gas owing to the presence of the hydroxyl bond which strongly absorbs in the infra-red region of the light spectrum.

1

"In fact global warming has stopped and a cooling is beginning.

This could trigger cooling in the North Atlantic, Europe, and North America.

1

In Alaska, brown bears are changing their feeding habits to eat elderberries that ripen earlier.

In 1890, he resigned his seat in the House of Commons and was elected to the Quebec assembly as a Liberal.

0

They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

I'm planning the next set of tours, so the answer is really, 'No, not really.'"

1

But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

He arrived in Trondheim on 1 July 1746 and served there for two more years before leaving the post and returning to Copenhagen.

0

The sea was much colder than previously thought, the study suggests, indicating that climate change is advancing at an unprecedented rate”

The report's Summary for Policymakers stated that warming of the climate system is 'unequivocal' with changes unprecedented over decades to millennia, including warming of the atmosphere and oceans, loss of snow and ice, and sea level rise.

1

Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

The Union Pacific Railroad bought the building in 1929 so the facilities would be available for the men who worked on the railroad during the Great Depression.

0

While there are minor errors in An Inconvenient Truth, the main truths presented - evidence to show mankind is causing global warming and its various impacts is consistent with peer reviewed science.

He asserted his confidence that the climate is warming due to human activity and that this will have "catastrophic impacts" stating, "The evidence includes a mountain of data.

0

Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

Smithies is a product of the Huddersfield Town academy who first came into prominence during the 2007 -- 08 season.

0

The Schmittner et al. study finds low probability of both very low and very high climate sensitivities, and its lower estimate (as compared to the IPCC) is based on a new temperature reconstruction of the Last Glacial Maximum that may or may not withstand the test of time.

The book states, "The IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report this year (2007) will present a much stronger consensus and a much clearer and darker picture of our likely future than the Third Assessment – but it will almost certainly still underestimate the likely impacts.

0

The monetary cost of damages has increased dramatically in recent decades, but that is due to increasing population, wealth and the amount of vulnerable infrastructure.

Although he is often referred to as Papias the Lombard, little is known of his life, including whether he actually came from Lombardy.

0

When life is considered, ocean acidification is often found to be a non-problem, or even a benefit.

Under bloom conditions, commonly referred to as red tides or harmful algal blooms, dinoflagellates are capable of producing immense dinotoxin concentrations causing large fish die-offs, and contamination of shellfish.

0

Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming

Gerstley was founded around 1921, and named in honor of James Gerstley, Sr. by his business associate Francis Marion Smith who built the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad.

0

The iris hypothesis has not withstood the test of time - subsequent research

The Republican candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election are not all the same in their opinions.

0

Duffy pointed out that his chart was from a single tide gauge station, near San Francisco, and that sea levels rise at different rates around the world

Tide heights at intermediate times (between high and low water) can be approximated by using the rule of twelfths or more accurately calculated by using a published tidal curve for the location.

0

temperatures were 6-10C above normal over most of France, Germany and northern Spain during the final days of the month, according to C3S.

Measures were taken to maintain a serious Western element despite the film 's ``inherently comic'' title and premise.

0

The Obama administration is "proposing to mine another 10 billion tons of Wyoming coal, which would unleash three times more carbon pollution than Obama's Clean Power Plan would even save through 2030."

The Obama administration designed the plan to lower the carbon dioxide emitted by power generators.

1

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about 30 percent.13,14

This has caused an increase in hydrogen ion (acidity) of about 30% since the start of the industrial age through a process known as "ocean acidification."

1

In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

Jim Miller (offensive guard) (born 1949), American football player

0

Days of near-100-degree-Fahrenheit temperatures cooked the Mountain West in early July, and a scorching heat wave lingered over the Pacific Northwest in early August.”

Wind shear sharply decreased starting on August 21, and with warm sea surface temperatures, Andrew began rapid deepening, starting on the following day.

0

Scientists just discovered a massive, heretofore unknown, source of nitrogen

The Saho People 's Democratic Movement (abbreviated SPDM) is a rebel group in Eritrea, fighting for the self-determination of the Saho people.

0

Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

On February 28, 1835, Joseph Smith ordained Aldrich to the office of seventy and chose him as the presiding president of the newly organized First Quorum of Seventy.

0

Water levels correlate with sunspots

Noting that the rings were thinner in dry years, he reported climate effects from solar variations, particularly in connection with the 17th-century dearth of sunspots (the Maunder Minimum) noticed previously by William Herschel and others.

0

Poorly understood aspects of climate change do not change the fact that a great deal of climate science is well understood.

The scientific consensus on climate change is "that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities", and it "is largely irreversible".

1

Sea level rise, which was occurring long before humans could be blamed, has not accelerated.

The binding between a ligand immobilized on the biosensor tip surface and an analyte in solution produces an increase in optical thickness at the biosensor tip, which results in a wavelength shift, Δλ (Figure 3), which is a direct measure of the change in thickness of the biological layer.

0

"The 30 major droughts of the 20th century were likely natural in all respects; and, hence, they are "indicative of what could also happen in the future," as Narisma

Countries like Rwanda and Kenya, have prioritized developing irrigated areas by gravity water systems from perennial streams and rivers in zones often vulnerable to prolonged droughts.

0

“The Lancet researchers found that about 0.5%—half a percent—of all deaths are associated with heat, not only from acute problems like heat stroke, but also increased mortality from cardiac events and dehydration.

Heat indirectly causes mental health issues through physical health issues.

0

It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

Ordinary degrees are at level 9 and require 360 credits with a minimum of 90 at level 9.

1

On the other side of the Atlantic ocean, climates are typically milder as a result of the cooling from the Gulf Stream.

Although there has been recent debate, there is consensus that the climate of Western Europe and Northern Europe is warmer than it would otherwise be due to the North Atlantic Current which is the northeastern section of the Gulf Stream.

1

Global methane levels published by CSIRO are now relatively stable showing fluctuations during El Nino events.

The traditional ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation), also called Eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO, involves temperature anomalies in the eastern Pacific.

0

But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

Evocative/suppression testing refers to a class of tests performed where one substance is measured both before and after the administration of another substance to determine if the levels are stimulated (``evocative'') or suppressed.

0

[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

1st to 6th grade : Primary Education Level.

0

‘With levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere consistently breaking new records, the influence of human activities on the climate system has become more and more evident,’ said Taalas.

On 12 November 2015, NASA scientists reported that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from human sources continues to increase, reaching levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.

0

Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels

The ice core data shows that temperature change causes the level of atmospheric CO2 to change - not the other way round.

0

Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming

This increase of and other long-lived greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere has produced the current episode of global warming.

0

A recent Nature study expecting more severe hurricanes from global warming still found that damages would halve from 0.04 per cent to 0.02 per cent of global GDP, because the increased ferocity would be more than made up by increased prosperity and resilience.

Vermigli is also notable for developing a strong doctrine of double predestination independently of John Calvin.

0

They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

They state further that the "continuing reliance on combustion of fossil fuels as the world's primary source of energy will lead to much higher atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, which will, in turn, cause significant increases in surface temperature, sea level, ocean acidification, and their related consequences to the environment and society".

0

Arctic, Antarctic and Greenland ice loss is accelerating due to global warming.

Warming temperatures lead to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.

0

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