CodCodingCode/medcialQA-reasoning-V2.1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

instruction stringclasses 8 values	input stringlengths 6 2.69k	output stringlengths 1 34.2k	source stringclasses 3 values
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Deamination of 'methylated cytosine' will produce: A) Thymine B) Adenine C) Xanthine D) Guanine	A) Thymine	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Horse shoe kidney lies below the level of: A) Coeliac trunk B) Superior mesenteric aery C) Inferior mesenteric aery D) Median sacral aery	C) Inferior mesenteric aery	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Which of the following is an example of disorders of sex chromosomes ? A) Marfan's syndrome B) Testicular feminization syndrome C) Klinefelter's syndrome D) Down's syndrome	C) Klinefelter's syndrome	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (UGIE) is indicated in All exept ---- <<Choices:>> A) Septic Shock B) Atypical chest pain C) Barrett esophagus D) Malabsorption syndrome ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	The transmembrane adhesive molecules present in hemi desmosomes which specifically binds to basal lamina glycoprotein laminin are A) integrin α6-β4 B) the catenins desmoplakin C) cadherins desmoglein D) α and β catenin	A) integrin α6-β4	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> All organisms show bipolar staining except - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Calymatobacter granulomatis B) Yersinia pestis C) H. influenzae D) Burkholderia pseudomallei ---- <<Answer:>>	C	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> The following drugs are used for prophylaxis of migraine except ---- <<Choices:>> A) Valproate B) Topiramate C) Meperidine D) Metoprolol ---- <<Answer:>>	C	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	An anti-arrhythmic drug that is not proarrhythmic? A) Lignocaine B) Disopyramide C) Amiodarone D) Moricizine	A) Lignocaine	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Adamantinoma is A) A tumour from embryonal cells of developing teeth B) also known as Ameloblastoma C) is a complication of dentigerous cyst D) all of these	D) all of these	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> The most likely pathology associated with the following radiograph is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Chronic suppurative (or rarefying) osteomyelitis B) Acute osteomyelitis C) Garre's osteomyelitis D) Sclerosing osteomyelitis ---- <<Answer:>>	C	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Amount of blood in capillary pool at anytime - ---- <<Choices:>> A) 250 ml B) 1000ml C) 2000ml D) 2500 ml ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Field carcinogenesis theory is commonly seen in ---- <<Choices:>> A) Head and neck cancer B) Prostate cancer C) Cervical cancer D) Breast cancer ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Schizophrenia word means A) Split mind B) Split mood C) Split thoughts D) Split associations	A) Split mind	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	A girl with mild von willebrand disease has a previous history of heavy bleeding during tooth extraction. What is the prophylaxis to be given before tooth extraction? A) Desmopressin B) Blood transfusion C) Fresh frozen plasma D) Cryoprecipitate	A) Desmopressin	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Proximal convoluted tubules develops from - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Mesonephric duct B) Metanephric tubules C) Mesonephric tubules D) Ureteric buds ---- <<Answer:>>	B	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	A 40 year old dental assistant presents with increased weakness and fatigue. Lab tests reveal megaloblastic anemia. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the presence of anemia? A) Propofol B) Nitrous oxide C) Lignocaine D) Halothane	B) Nitrous oxide	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which among the following is an early sign of magnesium toxicity? NOT RELATED-MEDICINE ---- <<Choices:>> A) Depression of deep tendon reflexes B) Respiratory depression C) Cardiac arrest D) Decreased urine output ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	What is the mode of action of Sodium C romoglycate? A) Mast cell stabilization B) Antihistaminic C) Anticholinergic D) None of the above	A) Mast cell stabilization	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	The most common presentation of double aortic arch in infants is ? A) Dysphagia B) Tracheal compression symptoms C) Positional hyperemia with right upper arm oedema D) Bleeding	B) Tracheal compression symptoms	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> An 8-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents because they are concerned with her behavior. She has temper outbursts six or seven times per week, which last anywhere between 5 minutes to half an hour or until she becomes tired. According to her father, she screams at others and throws things in anger “when things don't go her way.” He says these outbursts started when she was 6 and a half years old and even between the outbursts, she is constantly irritable. She had been suspended from school three times in the past year for physical aggression, but her grades have remained unaffected. She appears agitated and restless. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. During the mental status examination, she is uncooperative and refuses to answer questions. What is the most likely diagnosis in this child? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Pediatric bipolar disorder B) Conduct disorder C) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder D) Intermittent explosive disorder ---- <<Answer:>>	C	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Duffy blood group antigen negativity confers protection against infection by: September 2012 ---- <<Choices:>> A) Plasmodium falciparum B) Plasmodium vivax C) Plasmodium ovate D) Plasmodium malariae ---- <<Answer:>>	B	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	The SI Unit for radiation Absorption is: A) Joules/kg2 B) Gray C) Roentgen D) REM	B) Gray	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	A 40 year old primiparous woman suspected to be suffering from endometriosis is subjected to diagnostic laparoscopy. Findings indicate - Uterus normal, both the ovaries show presence of chocolate cysts; endometriotic deposits are seen on the round ligament right side, both the fallopian tubes and the pouch of Douglas; moderately dens adhesions are present between the fallopian tubes and the pouch of Douglas. The treatment of choice in this case is : A) Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy B) Danazol therapy C) Progesterone therapy D) Fulguration of endometriotic deposits	D) Fulguration of endometriotic deposits	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Agonal period is the duration between ---- <<Choices:>> A) Death and postmoem examination B) Lethal trauma upto death C) Traumatic event and staing of the operation D) Traumatic event and information given to the relatives ---- <<Answer:>>	B	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A 58-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with complaints of chest pain and palpitations. A thorough past medical history reveals a diagnosis of rheumatic fever during childhood. Echocardiography is conducted and shows enlargement of the left atrium and narrowing of the mitral valve opening. Which of the following should the physician expect , to hear on cardiac auscultation? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla B) Opening snap following the aortic component of the S2 heart sound C) Continuous, machine-like murmur D) High-pitched, blowing decrescendo murmur in early diastole ---- <<Answer:>>	B	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	The following ocular structure is not derived from surface ectoderm: A) Crystalline lens B) Sclera C) Corneal epithelium D) Epithelium of lacrimal glands	B) Sclera	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A 50-year-old man from India visits his physician complaining of worsening respiratory symptoms. He states that he was diagnosed with emphysema 4 years ago and that, over the past several months, he has developed a chronic productive cough, dyspnea, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and night sweats. He notes that he also has other complaints aside from his lung problems, including sharp, intermittent chest pain and joint pain in his elbows and knees. There is also an erythematous rash on both the lower extremities that features raised lesions; it is determined to be erythema nodosum. Cardiac examination reveals a friction rub, and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest reveals cavitation of both lung apices. The patient is isolated for the suspicion of active tuberculosis (TB) infection. A purified protein derivative (PPD) test is negative. Sputum sample staining fails to reveal acid-fast bacilli, but it does reveal yeast forms that are replicating by narrow-based budding. Which of the following would aid in making a correct diagnosis in this patient? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Urine histoplasma antigen B) India ink stain of sputum C) Coccidioidomycosis serology D) HIV antibody screening ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Drug not used in prinzmetal angina is? A) Propranolol B) Propranolol C) Nitritesrites D) Isosorbide dinitrate	A) Propranolol	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Renal papillary necrosis is almost associated with the following condition ---- <<Choices:>> A) Diabetes mellitus B) analgesicnephroathy C) Chronic pyelonephritis D) Post streptococcal GN ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Incubation period of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis is A) 1-2 hours. B) 1-3 days C) 7-10 days D) 4-30 days	D) 4-30 days	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Blood in urine in a patient in labour is diagnostic of: ---- <<Choices:>> A) impending scar rupture B) Urethral injury C) Obstructed labour D) Cystitis ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A 50 year old normal looking lady, Sita has Ca cervix of stage between II - III. What is the MOST appropriate next step in management? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Surgery and radiotherapy B) Radiotherapy and chemotherapy C) Radiotherapy alone D) Chemotherapy ---- <<Answer:>>	B	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Best Biological indicator of air pollution is A) Gambusia fish B) Poecilia C) Lichens D) Algae	C) Lichens	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Abstract:>> ### OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of menopausal transition and menopausal symptoms in relation to quality of life in a cohort of middle-aged women in Kinmen. ### DESIGN A total of 734 premenopausal women participated in the baseline study, and 579 women (78.9%) completed a follow-up 2 years later. Quality of life was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. Participating women were asked for demographic data, about vasomotor symptoms, and to complete the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. ### RESULTS There was no demographic difference between women who remained premenopausal and those who entered perimenopause except for age. Vitality deteriorated no matter whether the women stayed in premenopause or entered perimenopause. In multivariate analysis, only vasomotor symptoms had an adverse influence on role limitation of emotion after adjusting for age, education, menopausal status, baseline cognitive score, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score. The menopausal transition did not influence the eight domains of the Short Form-36 in the multivariate regression model. ---- <<Question:>> Does menopausal transition affect the quality of life? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>	B	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> In choledochal cyst, most common type is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Type 1 B) Type 2 C) Type 4 D) Type 4A ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> The drug that inhibits uterine contractility and cause pulmonary edema is : ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ritodrine B) Nifedipine C) lndomethacin D) Atosiban ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A 24-year-old female graduate student repos increasing shoness of breath with exercise and has recently noticed dyspnea on mild activity. One day before presenting at the office, she experienced sudden loss of consciousness while shopping at a grocery store. On physical examination, vital signs are: pulse 88 bpm; temperature 97.8degF; respirations 18/min; blood pressure 100/70 mm Hg. BMI is 34. ABGs on RA: pH 7.43; PCO2 36 mm Hg; PO2 87 mm Hg. Chest x-rays are shown in.The clinical and chest radiographic diagnosis may be commonly associated with ---- <<Choices:>> A) A loud A2 on cardiac auscultation B) Right arm swelling C) Rib notching D) A loud P2 on cardiac auscultation ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Renal replacement therapy replaces all except - A) Endocrine function B) Urine output C) Blood biochemistry D) Ultrafiltration	A) Endocrine function	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:	Q:A medical student is studying human physiology. She learns that there is a membrane potential across cell membranes in excitable cells. The differential distribution of anions and cations both inside and outside the cells significantly contributes to the genesis of the membrane potential. Which of the following distributions of anions and cations best explains the above phenomenon?? {'A': 'High concentration of Na+ outside the cell and high concentration of K+ inside the cell', 'B': 'High concentration of K+ outside the cell and low concentration of K+ inside the cell', 'C': 'High concentration of Ca2+ outside the cell and high concentration of Cl- inside the cell', 'D': 'Low concentration of Cl- outside the cell and high concentration of Cl- inside the cell', 'E': 'Low concentration of K+ outside the cell and high concentration of Ca2+ inside the cell'},	A: High concentration of Na+ outside the cell and high concentration of K+ inside the cell	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Physiological changes in pregnancy : ---- <<Choices:>> A) Decreased residual volume B) Decreased GFR C) Decreased Cardiac output D) Increased Haematocrit ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Not a sequelae of cellular events in atherosclerotic infarction ---- <<Choices:>> A) Neutrophilic infiltration B) Astrocytes C) Ingress of macrophages D) Intense eosinophilia ---- <<Answer:>>	B	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> High oral: Parenteral activity ratio is seen with - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Morphine B) Diacetyl morphine C) Oxymorphine D) Methadone ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> The average B.P. of a 1 year old child is – ---- <<Choices:>> A) 120/80 B) 75150 C) 95/50 D) 60/30 ---- <<Answer:>>	C	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Ramjford index is used on: A) All permanent teeth B) Selected six permanent teeth C) Selected twelve permanent teeth D) None of the above	B) Selected six permanent teeth	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Left homonymous hemianopia is seen in which right sided lesion? A) Optic tract B) Optic nerve C) Optic chiasma D) Occipital lobe (visual coex)	A) Optic tract	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Temp of water used to cool the burn wound? ---- <<Choices:>> A) 20ºc B) 25ºC C) 10ºC D) 15ºC ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A 59-year-old man with a history of sickle cell disease presents to the emergency department for evaluation of his fever and night sweats. He is extremely lethargic and is unable to provide an adequate history to his physician. His wife noted that roughly 3 days ago, her husband mentioned that something bit him, but she cannot remember what exactly. The vital signs include blood pressure 85/67 mm Hg, pulse rate 107/min, and respiratory rate 35/min. Upon examination, the man is currently afebrile but is lethargic and pale. His spleen is surgically absent. There are some swollen bite marks on his right hand with red streaks extending to his elbow. Which of the following bites would be most concerning in this patient? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Human bite B) Spider bite C) Fish bite D) Dog bite ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A 40-year-old man presents with an episode of rectal bleeding. He is concerned because his mother died of colorectal cancer at 50 years of age. He has no further information about his family history. Physical examination and digital rectal examination are normal. He undergoes a colonoscopy and is found to have innumerable adenomas in the left side of the colon ranging in size from 4–15 mm. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism of this patient illness? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes B) Mutations of the APC gene C) Inactivation of RB1 gene D) Inactivation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes ---- <<Answer:>>	B	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	A patient with bilirubin value of 8 mgldl and serum creatinine of 1.9 mg/dl is Planned for surgery.What is the muscle relaxant of choice in this patient- A) vecuronium B) Pancuronium C) Atracurium D) Rocuronium	C) Atracurium	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Persistent belief in something which is not a fact is : A) Illusion B) Hallucination C) Delusion D) Delirium	C) Delusion	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A 42-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of foamy urine for the last 2 weeks. He has also begun to notice swelling in his hands and feet, and he says that his shoes have not been fitting normally. On exam, the patient has a temperature of 98.8°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 132/84 mmHg, pulse is 64/min, and respirations are 12/min. The patient has 2+ pitting edema bilaterally up to his shins. A 24-hour urine study is found to contain 9.0 g of protein. The patient is referred to a specialist and undergoes a renal biopsy. On light microscopy, the glomeruli demonstrate basement membrane thickening. On electron microscopy, subepithelial deposits are seen. Which of the following is a characteristic of this patient’s disease? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor B) IgA immune complex deposition C) Loss of podocyte foot processes D) X-linked condition ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:	Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of high-grade fever and lethargy for 4 days. He has had a severe headache for 3 days and 2 episodes of non-bilious vomiting. He has sickle cell disease. His only medication is hydroxyurea. His mother has refused vaccinations and antibiotics in the past because of their possible side effects. He appears ill. His temperature is 40.1°C (104.2°F), pulse is 131/min, and blood pressure is 92/50 mm Hg. Examination shows nuchal rigidity. Kernig and Brudzinski signs are present. A lumbar puncture is performed. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows a decreased glucose concentration, increased protein concentration, and numerous segmented neutrophils. A Gram stain of the CSF shows gram-negative coccobacilli. This patient is at greatest risk for which of the following complications?? {'A': 'Hearing loss', 'B': 'Adrenal insufficiency', 'C': 'Brain abscess', 'D': 'Cerebral palsy', 'E': 'Communicating hydrocephalus'},	A: Hearing loss	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:	Q:A 42-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a checkup. She has been trying to get pregnant with her husband for the past 7 months but has been unsuccessful. The patient states that they have been having unprotected intercourse daily during this time frame. She states that she experiences her menses every 28 days. Her husband has 2 children from another marriage. Otherwise, the patient only complains of mild vaginal dryness during intercourse. The patient's past medical history is notable for seasonal allergies for which she takes loratadine and a chlamydial infection which was treated in college. On physical exam, you note a healthy woman. Cardiopulmonary, abdominal, and pelvic exam are within normal limits. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?? {'A': 'Decreased ovarian reserve', 'B': 'Menopause', 'C': 'Premature ovarian failure', 'D': 'Spermatogenesis defect', 'E': 'Tubal scarring'},	A: Decreased ovarian reserve	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Strain used in Mumps vaccine A) Oka B) Jeryl Lynn C) Danish 1331 D) Edmonston Zagreb	B) Jeryl Lynn	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	While doing a neurosurgery, the paracentral lobule was accidentally damaged. It will lead to which of the following A) Hemiplegia B) Monoplegia C) Involvement of the perineum and lower limbs D) Quadriplegia	C) Involvement of the perineum and lower limbs	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Temperature used in Pasteurization is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) 72 for 20 min B) 63 for 30 min C) 100 for 10 min D) 94 for 20 min ---- <<Answer:>>	B	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Diagnostic features of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) include all of the following except - A) Changing pulmonary infiltrates B) Peripheral eosinophilia C) Serum precipitins against Aspergillus fumigants D) Occurrence in patients with old cavitary lesions	D) Occurrence in patients with old cavitary lesions	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Tiger skin appearance of colonic mucosa is seen in ---- <<Choices:>> A) Melanosis coli B) Ulcerative colitis C) Environmental enteropathy D) Carcinoid syndrome ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:	Q:An investigator is studying the relationship between suicide and unemployment using data from a national health registry that encompasses 10,000 people who died by suicide, as well as 100,000 matched controls. The investigator finds that unemployment was associated with an increased risk of death by suicide (odds ratio = 3.02; p < 0.001). Among patients with a significant psychiatric history, there was no relationship between suicide and unemployment (p = 0.282). Likewise, no relationship was found between the two variables among patients without a psychiatric history (p = 0.32). These results are best explained by which of the following?? {'A': 'Matching', 'B': 'Selection bias', 'C': 'Effect modification', 'D': 'Stratification', 'E': 'Confounding'},	E: Confounding	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	False statement regarding xenon is_____ A) Rapid induction and emergence B) Free from greenhouse effects C) Teratogenic D) Does not trigger malignant hypehermia	C) Teratogenic	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:	Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of two masses on her right auricle for several months. The masses appeared a few weeks after she had her ear pierced and have increased in size since then. A photograph of her right ear is shown. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these findings?? {'A': 'Implantation of epidermis into the dermis', 'B': 'Increased production of hyalinized collagen', 'C': 'Infection with human papilloma virus', 'D': 'Malignant transformation of keratinocytes', 'E': 'Excess formation of organized extracellular matrix'},	B: Increased production of hyalinized collagen	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Albe's stain is used for ? A) Staphylococcus B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae C) C. perfringens D) C. tetani	B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:	Q:A 49-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of fatigue and recurrent pain in both of her wrists and her fingers. During this time, she has also had stiffness of her joints for about 80 minutes after waking up in the morning. Examination shows swelling and tenderness of the wrists and metacarpophalangeal joints bilaterally. Her serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 42 mm/h and rheumatoid factor is positive. Treatment is begun with a drug that results in decreased synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate. This mechanism is most similar to the mechanism of action of which of the following drugs?? {'A': 'Sulfamethoxazole', 'B': 'Doxycycline', 'C': 'Trimethoprim', 'D': 'Gentamicin', 'E': 'Azithromycin\n"'},	C: Trimethoprim	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Maximum cumulative dose of isotretinoin should not exceed ---- <<Choices:>> A) 60 mg/kg B) 90 mg/kg C) 90-120 mg/kg D) 120-150 mg/kg ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Etiology of Epidermolysis bullosa is – A) Genetic B) Infections C) Senile D) Malignant	A) Genetic	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Barrett's esophagus is diagnosed by A) Squamous metaplasia B) Intestinal metaplasia C) Squamous dysplasia D) Intestinal dysplasia	B) Intestinal metaplasia	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Investigation of choice for cholesteatoma: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Schuller's view X-ray B) Otoscopy C) Skull X-ray, lateral view D) HRCT temporal bone ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:	Q:A 57-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for laboratory abnormalities detected by her primary care physician. The patient went to her appointment complaining of difficulty using her hands and swelling of her arms and lower extremities. The patient has notably smooth skin that seems to have not aged considerably. Upon seeing her lab values, her physician sent her to the ED. The patient has a past medical history of multiple suicide attempts, bipolar disorder, obesity, diabetes, and anxiety. Her current medications include lithium, insulin, captopril, and clonazepam. The patient's laboratory values are below. Serum: Na+: 140 mEq/L K+: 5.2 mEq/L Cl-: 100 mEq/L HCO3-: 20 mEq/L BUN: 39 mg/dL Glucose: 127 mg/dL Creatinine: 2.2 mg/dL Ca2+: 8.4 mg/dL The patient is restarted on her home medications. Her temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), pulse is 80/min, blood pressure is 155/90 mmHg, respirations are 11/min, and oxygen saturation is 97% on room air. Which of the following is the best next step in management?? {'A': 'Continue medications and start metformin', 'B': 'Continue medications and start furosemide', 'C': 'Continue medications and add nifedipine', 'D': 'Start lisinopril and discontinue captopril', 'E': 'Start valproic acid and discontinue lithium'},	E: Start valproic acid and discontinue lithium	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Mondor's disease, True is NOT RELATED - MEDICINE ---- <<Choices:>> A) Lymphedema of upper limb B) Risk factor for breast cancer C) Variant of thrombophlebitis D) Mastectomy is the treatment of choice ---- <<Answer:>>	C	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Catgut suture is packed in A) Isopropyl alcohol B) Ethanol C) Formalin D) Gluteraldehyde	A) Isopropyl alcohol	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Olopatidine acts as an:- A) Antihistaminic B) Anti-inflammatory C) Anti-emetic D) Anti-psychotic	A) Antihistaminic	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	The most important source of histamine A) Mast cells B) EOsinophils C) Neutrophils D) Macrophages	A) Mast cells	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	All of the following condition are associated with granulomatous pathology, except A) Wegner's granulomatosis (WG) B) Takayasu aeritis (TA) C) Polyaeritis nodosa (Classic PAN) D) Giant cell aentis (GCA)	C) Polyaeritis nodosa (Classic PAN)	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Gluteus maximus is inserted on - A) Lesser trochanter B) Greater trochanter C) Spiral line D) iliotibial tract	D) iliotibial tract	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Gluten-sensitive enteropathy is most strongly associated with – A) HLA–DQ2 B) BLA–DR4 C) HLA–DQ3 D) Blood group B	A) HLA–DQ2	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> All of the following are indications for postoperative radiotherapy in a case of Carcinoma Endometrium except not related - surgery ---- <<Choices:>> A) Myometrial invasion >1/2 thickness B) Positive lymph nodes C) Endocervical involvement D) Tumour positive for estrogen receptors ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Treatment of fibrous dysplasia is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Radical resection of lesion B) Radiation therapy C) If the Lesion is small, dissection is done, if Lesion is large cosmetic surgery has to be carried out D) Cryosurgery ---- <<Answer:>>	C	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Sodium content of one litre of isotonic saline is - A) 140 mEq B) 154 mEq C) 40 mEq D) 70 mEq	B) 154 mEq	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Brunner glands are seen in A) Stomach B) Duodenum C) Ileum D) Appendix	B) Duodenum	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Randomization: A) It brings bias in study group, therefore avoided B) It is the Procedure by which participants are allocated into groups usually called study' and control' group C) It ensures that investigator has full control over allocation of participants to study or control group D) It is done usually before entering in the study and then consent is taken	B) It is the Procedure by which participants are allocated into groups usually called study' and control' group	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Finding of multiple myeloma in kidney are all except: A) Tubular casts B) Amyloidosis C) Wire loop lesions D) Renal tubular necrosis	C) Wire loop lesions	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Commotio retinae is seen in ---- <<Choices:>> A) Central retinal vein thrombosis B) Central retinal aery thrombosis C) Concussion injury D) Retinopathy of AIDS ---- <<Answer:>>	C	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> BIRADS stage of 5 is ---- <<Choices:>> A) Negative B) Probably benign C) Suspicious abnormality D) Highly suggestive of malignancy ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Treatment of Gonococcal ophthalmica neonatoram do not include A) Topical Atropine B) iv Bacitracin C) Ceftriaxone im D) Topical Bacitracin	B) iv Bacitracin	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	To which lymph nodes, the lymph from the umbilicus drain - A) Axillary and inguinal B) External and internal iliac C) Pre-and para-aortic D) Inter-aortocaval	A) Axillary and inguinal	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> In treatment of parkinsonism, levodopa is combined with carbidopa: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Decrease the treatment duration B) Decrease the central side effects of L-dopa C) Decrease the effectiveness of L -Dopa D) Increase the crossing of levodopa through blood brain barrier ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	A 25-year-old male athlete is admitted to the emergency depament after a bad landing in the pole vault. Radiographic examination of his hand reveals a fractured carpal bone in the floor of the anatomic snuffbox ( Fig). Which bone has most likely been fractured? A) Triquetral B) Scaphoid C) Capitate D) Hamate	B) Scaphoid	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Infectious cause of Erythematous rashes are seen in A) Measles B) Typhoid fever C) Yellow fever D) Malaria	A) Measles	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> The nucleus involved in Papez circuit is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Pulvinar B) Intralaminar C) VPL nucleus D) Anterior nucleus of Thalamus ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Which of the following has a function of a peptidyl transferase? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Enzymes B) Single stranded DNA C) Elongation Factor D) Ribozyme ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Osmolarity of ORS fluid - A) 245 mmol/L B) 280mmol/L C) 180mmol/L D) 145 mmol/L	A) 245 mmol/L	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Which of the following is rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis A) Acetyl CoA carboxylase B) Carnitine acyltransferase I C) HMG CoA Synthase D) HMG CoA reductase	A) Acetyl CoA carboxylase	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> A 25 year old young woman has recurrent episodes of headache and sweating. Her mother had renal calculi and died after having a neck mass. The physical examination reveals a thyroid nodule but no clinical sign of thyrotoxicosis. Before performing thyroid surgery, the surgeon should order - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Measurement of thyroid hormones B) Serial detenriinations of serum calcium,phosphorus, protein and alkaline phosphatase C) 24-hours urine test for 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion D) Serial 24 hours test for catecholamines, meta-nephrines and vanillylamandelic acid excretion ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Post gonococcal stricture urethra is most commonly situated in the A) Bulbar Urethra B) Penoscrotal Jn. C) Distal part of spongy urethra D) Just distal to external meatus	A) Bulbar Urethra	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	In triple screening test for Down's syndrome during pregnancy all of the following are included except. A) Serum beta hCG B) Serum oestriol C) Maternal serum Alfa fetoprotein D) Acetyl cholinesterase	D) Acetyl cholinesterase	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> All are seen in Gigantism EXCEPT: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Mental retardation B) Visceromegaly C) Large foot D) Cardiovascular damage ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Chediak Higashi syndrome is characterised by the following except - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Neutrophilia B) Defective degranulation C) Delayed microbial killing D) Giant granules ---- <<Answer:>>	A	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	Subconjunctival cyst is seen in? A) Toxoplasmosis B) Cysticercosis C) Leishmaniasis D) Chaga's disease	B) Cysticercosis	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct option:	3-million plan was proposed by A) Kaar Singh committee B) Mudaliar committee C) Srivastava committee D) Bhore committee	D) Bhore committee	medical-qa-combined-split2
Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:	<<Question:>> Weight in kg is ---- <<Choices:>> A) Normal variable B) Discrete variable C) Confounding variable D) Continuous variable ---- <<Answer:>>	D	medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Deamination of 'methylated cytosine' will produce: A) Thymine B) Adenine C) Xanthine D) Guanine

A) Thymine

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Horse shoe kidney lies below the level of: A) Coeliac trunk B) Superior mesenteric aery C) Inferior mesenteric aery D) Median sacral aery

C) Inferior mesenteric aery

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Which of the following is an example of disorders of sex chromosomes ? A) Marfan's syndrome B) Testicular feminization syndrome C) Klinefelter's syndrome D) Down's syndrome

C) Klinefelter's syndrome

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (UGIE) is indicated in All exept ---- <<Choices:>> A) Septic Shock B) Atypical chest pain C) Barrett esophagus D) Malabsorption syndrome ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

The transmembrane adhesive molecules present in hemi desmosomes which specifically binds to basal lamina glycoprotein laminin are A) integrin α6-β4 B) the catenins desmoplakin C) cadherins desmoglein D) α and β catenin

A) integrin α6-β4

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> All organisms show bipolar staining except - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Calymatobacter granulomatis B) Yersinia pestis C) H. influenzae D) Burkholderia pseudomallei ---- <<Answer:>>

C

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> The following drugs are used for prophylaxis of migraine except ---- <<Choices:>> A) Valproate B) Topiramate C) Meperidine D) Metoprolol ---- <<Answer:>>

C

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

An anti-arrhythmic drug that is not proarrhythmic? A) Lignocaine B) Disopyramide C) Amiodarone D) Moricizine

A) Lignocaine

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Adamantinoma is A) A tumour from embryonal cells of developing teeth B) also known as Ameloblastoma C) is a complication of dentigerous cyst D) all of these

D) all of these

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> The most likely pathology associated with the following radiograph is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Chronic suppurative (or rarefying) osteomyelitis B) Acute osteomyelitis C) Garre's osteomyelitis D) Sclerosing osteomyelitis ---- <<Answer:>>

C

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Amount of blood in capillary pool at anytime - ---- <<Choices:>> A) 250 ml B) 1000ml C) 2000ml D) 2500 ml ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Field carcinogenesis theory is commonly seen in ---- <<Choices:>> A) Head and neck cancer B) Prostate cancer C) Cervical cancer D) Breast cancer ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Schizophrenia word means A) Split mind B) Split mood C) Split thoughts D) Split associations

A) Split mind

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

A girl with mild von willebrand disease has a previous history of heavy bleeding during tooth extraction. What is the prophylaxis to be given before tooth extraction? A) Desmopressin B) Blood transfusion C) Fresh frozen plasma D) Cryoprecipitate

A) Desmopressin

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Proximal convoluted tubules develops from - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Mesonephric duct B) Metanephric tubules C) Mesonephric tubules D) Ureteric buds ---- <<Answer:>>

B

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

A 40 year old dental assistant presents with increased weakness and fatigue. Lab tests reveal megaloblastic anemia. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the presence of anemia? A) Propofol B) Nitrous oxide C) Lignocaine D) Halothane

B) Nitrous oxide

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Which among the following is an early sign of magnesium toxicity? NOT RELATED-MEDICINE ---- <<Choices:>> A) Depression of deep tendon reflexes B) Respiratory depression C) Cardiac arrest D) Decreased urine output ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

What is the mode of action of Sodium C romoglycate? A) Mast cell stabilization B) Antihistaminic C) Anticholinergic D) None of the above

A) Mast cell stabilization

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

The most common presentation of double aortic arch in infants is ? A) Dysphagia B) Tracheal compression symptoms C) Positional hyperemia with right upper arm oedema D) Bleeding

B) Tracheal compression symptoms

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> An 8-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents because they are concerned with her behavior. She has temper outbursts six or seven times per week, which last anywhere between 5 minutes to half an hour or until she becomes tired. According to her father, she screams at others and throws things in anger “when things don't go her way.” He says these outbursts started when she was 6 and a half years old and even between the outbursts, she is constantly irritable. She had been suspended from school three times in the past year for physical aggression, but her grades have remained unaffected. She appears agitated and restless. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. During the mental status examination, she is uncooperative and refuses to answer questions. What is the most likely diagnosis in this child? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Pediatric bipolar disorder B) Conduct disorder C) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder D) Intermittent explosive disorder ---- <<Answer:>>

C

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Duffy blood group antigen negativity confers protection against infection by: September 2012 ---- <<Choices:>> A) Plasmodium falciparum B) Plasmodium vivax C) Plasmodium ovate D) Plasmodium malariae ---- <<Answer:>>

B

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

The SI Unit for radiation Absorption is: A) Joules/kg2 B) Gray C) Roentgen D) REM

B) Gray

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

A 40 year old primiparous woman suspected to be suffering from endometriosis is subjected to diagnostic laparoscopy. Findings indicate - Uterus normal, both the ovaries show presence of chocolate cysts; endometriotic deposits are seen on the round ligament right side, both the fallopian tubes and the pouch of Douglas; moderately dens adhesions are present between the fallopian tubes and the pouch of Douglas. The treatment of choice in this case is : A) Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy B) Danazol therapy C) Progesterone therapy D) Fulguration of endometriotic deposits

D) Fulguration of endometriotic deposits

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Agonal period is the duration between ---- <<Choices:>> A) Death and postmoem examination B) Lethal trauma upto death C) Traumatic event and staing of the operation D) Traumatic event and information given to the relatives ---- <<Answer:>>

B

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> A 58-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with complaints of chest pain and palpitations. A thorough past medical history reveals a diagnosis of rheumatic fever during childhood. Echocardiography is conducted and shows enlargement of the left atrium and narrowing of the mitral valve opening. Which of the following should the physician expect , to hear on cardiac auscultation? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla B) Opening snap following the aortic component of the S2 heart sound C) Continuous, machine-like murmur D) High-pitched, blowing decrescendo murmur in early diastole ---- <<Answer:>>

B

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

The following ocular structure is not derived from surface ectoderm: A) Crystalline lens B) Sclera C) Corneal epithelium D) Epithelium of lacrimal glands

B) Sclera

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> A 50-year-old man from India visits his physician complaining of worsening respiratory symptoms. He states that he was diagnosed with emphysema 4 years ago and that, over the past several months, he has developed a chronic productive cough, dyspnea, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and night sweats. He notes that he also has other complaints aside from his lung problems, including sharp, intermittent chest pain and joint pain in his elbows and knees. There is also an erythematous rash on both the lower extremities that features raised lesions; it is determined to be erythema nodosum. Cardiac examination reveals a friction rub, and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest reveals cavitation of both lung apices. The patient is isolated for the suspicion of active tuberculosis (TB) infection. A purified protein derivative (PPD) test is negative. Sputum sample staining fails to reveal acid-fast bacilli, but it does reveal yeast forms that are replicating by narrow-based budding. Which of the following would aid in making a correct diagnosis in this patient? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Urine histoplasma antigen B) India ink stain of sputum C) Coccidioidomycosis serology D) HIV antibody screening ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Drug not used in prinzmetal angina is? A) Propranolol B) Propranolol C) Nitritesrites D) Isosorbide dinitrate

A) Propranolol

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Renal papillary necrosis is almost associated with the following condition ---- <<Choices:>> A) Diabetes mellitus B) analgesicnephroathy C) Chronic pyelonephritis D) Post streptococcal GN ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Incubation period of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis is A) 1-2 hours. B) 1-3 days C) 7-10 days D) 4-30 days

D) 4-30 days

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Blood in urine in a patient in labour is diagnostic of: ---- <<Choices:>> A) impending scar rupture B) Urethral injury C) Obstructed labour D) Cystitis ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> A 50 year old normal looking lady, Sita has Ca cervix of stage between II - III. What is the MOST appropriate next step in management? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Surgery and radiotherapy B) Radiotherapy and chemotherapy C) Radiotherapy alone D) Chemotherapy ---- <<Answer:>>

B

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Best Biological indicator of air pollution is A) Gambusia fish B) Poecilia C) Lichens D) Algae

C) Lichens

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Abstract:>> ### OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of menopausal transition and menopausal symptoms in relation to quality of life in a cohort of middle-aged women in Kinmen. ### DESIGN A total of 734 premenopausal women participated in the baseline study, and 579 women (78.9%) completed a follow-up 2 years later. Quality of life was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. Participating women were asked for demographic data, about vasomotor symptoms, and to complete the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. ### RESULTS There was no demographic difference between women who remained premenopausal and those who entered perimenopause except for age. Vitality deteriorated no matter whether the women stayed in premenopause or entered perimenopause. In multivariate analysis, only vasomotor symptoms had an adverse influence on role limitation of emotion after adjusting for age, education, menopausal status, baseline cognitive score, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score. The menopausal transition did not influence the eight domains of the Short Form-36 in the multivariate regression model. ---- <<Question:>> Does menopausal transition affect the quality of life? ---- <<Choices:>> A) yes B) no C) maybe ---- <<Answer:>>

B

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> In choledochal cyst, most common type is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Type 1 B) Type 2 C) Type 4 D) Type 4A ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> The drug that inhibits uterine contractility and cause pulmonary edema is : ---- <<Choices:>> A) Ritodrine B) Nifedipine C) lndomethacin D) Atosiban ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> A 24-year-old female graduate student repos increasing shoness of breath with exercise and has recently noticed dyspnea on mild activity. One day before presenting at the office, she experienced sudden loss of consciousness while shopping at a grocery store. On physical examination, vital signs are: pulse 88 bpm; temperature 97.8degF; respirations 18/min; blood pressure 100/70 mm Hg. BMI is 34. ABGs on RA: pH 7.43; PCO2 36 mm Hg; PO2 87 mm Hg. Chest x-rays are shown in.The clinical and chest radiographic diagnosis may be commonly associated with ---- <<Choices:>> A) A loud A2 on cardiac auscultation B) Right arm swelling C) Rib notching D) A loud P2 on cardiac auscultation ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Renal replacement therapy replaces all except - A) Endocrine function B) Urine output C) Blood biochemistry D) Ultrafiltration

A) Endocrine function

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:

Q:A medical student is studying human physiology. She learns that there is a membrane potential across cell membranes in excitable cells. The differential distribution of anions and cations both inside and outside the cells significantly contributes to the genesis of the membrane potential. Which of the following distributions of anions and cations best explains the above phenomenon?? {'A': 'High concentration of Na+ outside the cell and high concentration of K+ inside the cell', 'B': 'High concentration of K+ outside the cell and low concentration of K+ inside the cell', 'C': 'High concentration of Ca2+ outside the cell and high concentration of Cl- inside the cell', 'D': 'Low concentration of Cl- outside the cell and high concentration of Cl- inside the cell', 'E': 'Low concentration of K+ outside the cell and high concentration of Ca2+ inside the cell'},

A: High concentration of Na+ outside the cell and high concentration of K+ inside the cell

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Physiological changes in pregnancy : ---- <<Choices:>> A) Decreased residual volume B) Decreased GFR C) Decreased Cardiac output D) Increased Haematocrit ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Not a sequelae of cellular events in atherosclerotic infarction ---- <<Choices:>> A) Neutrophilic infiltration B) Astrocytes C) Ingress of macrophages D) Intense eosinophilia ---- <<Answer:>>

B

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> High oral: Parenteral activity ratio is seen with - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Morphine B) Diacetyl morphine C) Oxymorphine D) Methadone ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> The average B.P. of a 1 year old child is – ---- <<Choices:>> A) 120/80 B) 75150 C) 95/50 D) 60/30 ---- <<Answer:>>

C

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Ramjford index is used on: A) All permanent teeth B) Selected six permanent teeth C) Selected twelve permanent teeth D) None of the above

B) Selected six permanent teeth

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Left homonymous hemianopia is seen in which right sided lesion? A) Optic tract B) Optic nerve C) Optic chiasma D) Occipital lobe (visual coex)

A) Optic tract

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Temp of water used to cool the burn wound? ---- <<Choices:>> A) 20ºc B) 25ºC C) 10ºC D) 15ºC ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> A 59-year-old man with a history of sickle cell disease presents to the emergency department for evaluation of his fever and night sweats. He is extremely lethargic and is unable to provide an adequate history to his physician. His wife noted that roughly 3 days ago, her husband mentioned that something bit him, but she cannot remember what exactly. The vital signs include blood pressure 85/67 mm Hg, pulse rate 107/min, and respiratory rate 35/min. Upon examination, the man is currently afebrile but is lethargic and pale. His spleen is surgically absent. There are some swollen bite marks on his right hand with red streaks extending to his elbow. Which of the following bites would be most concerning in this patient? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Human bite B) Spider bite C) Fish bite D) Dog bite ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> A 40-year-old man presents with an episode of rectal bleeding. He is concerned because his mother died of colorectal cancer at 50 years of age. He has no further information about his family history. Physical examination and digital rectal examination are normal. He undergoes a colonoscopy and is found to have innumerable adenomas in the left side of the colon ranging in size from 4–15 mm. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism of this patient illness? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes B) Mutations of the APC gene C) Inactivation of RB1 gene D) Inactivation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes ---- <<Answer:>>

B

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

A patient with bilirubin value of 8 mgldl and serum creatinine of 1.9 mg/dl is Planned for surgery.What is the muscle relaxant of choice in this patient- A) vecuronium B) Pancuronium C) Atracurium D) Rocuronium

C) Atracurium

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Persistent belief in something which is not a fact is : A) Illusion B) Hallucination C) Delusion D) Delirium

C) Delusion

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> A 42-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of foamy urine for the last 2 weeks. He has also begun to notice swelling in his hands and feet, and he says that his shoes have not been fitting normally. On exam, the patient has a temperature of 98.8°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 132/84 mmHg, pulse is 64/min, and respirations are 12/min. The patient has 2+ pitting edema bilaterally up to his shins. A 24-hour urine study is found to contain 9.0 g of protein. The patient is referred to a specialist and undergoes a renal biopsy. On light microscopy, the glomeruli demonstrate basement membrane thickening. On electron microscopy, subepithelial deposits are seen. Which of the following is a characteristic of this patient’s disease? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor B) IgA immune complex deposition C) Loss of podocyte foot processes D) X-linked condition ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:

Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of high-grade fever and lethargy for 4 days. He has had a severe headache for 3 days and 2 episodes of non-bilious vomiting. He has sickle cell disease. His only medication is hydroxyurea. His mother has refused vaccinations and antibiotics in the past because of their possible side effects. He appears ill. His temperature is 40.1°C (104.2°F), pulse is 131/min, and blood pressure is 92/50 mm Hg. Examination shows nuchal rigidity. Kernig and Brudzinski signs are present. A lumbar puncture is performed. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows a decreased glucose concentration, increased protein concentration, and numerous segmented neutrophils. A Gram stain of the CSF shows gram-negative coccobacilli. This patient is at greatest risk for which of the following complications?? {'A': 'Hearing loss', 'B': 'Adrenal insufficiency', 'C': 'Brain abscess', 'D': 'Cerebral palsy', 'E': 'Communicating hydrocephalus'},

A: Hearing loss

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:

Q:A 42-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a checkup. She has been trying to get pregnant with her husband for the past 7 months but has been unsuccessful. The patient states that they have been having unprotected intercourse daily during this time frame. She states that she experiences her menses every 28 days. Her husband has 2 children from another marriage. Otherwise, the patient only complains of mild vaginal dryness during intercourse. The patient's past medical history is notable for seasonal allergies for which she takes loratadine and a chlamydial infection which was treated in college. On physical exam, you note a healthy woman. Cardiopulmonary, abdominal, and pelvic exam are within normal limits. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?? {'A': 'Decreased ovarian reserve', 'B': 'Menopause', 'C': 'Premature ovarian failure', 'D': 'Spermatogenesis defect', 'E': 'Tubal scarring'},

A: Decreased ovarian reserve

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Strain used in Mumps vaccine A) Oka B) Jeryl Lynn C) Danish 1331 D) Edmonston Zagreb

B) Jeryl Lynn

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

While doing a neurosurgery, the paracentral lobule was accidentally damaged. It will lead to which of the following A) Hemiplegia B) Monoplegia C) Involvement of the perineum and lower limbs D) Quadriplegia

C) Involvement of the perineum and lower limbs

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Temperature used in Pasteurization is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) 72 for 20 min B) 63 for 30 min C) 100 for 10 min D) 94 for 20 min ---- <<Answer:>>

B

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Diagnostic features of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) include all of the following except - A) Changing pulmonary infiltrates B) Peripheral eosinophilia C) Serum precipitins against Aspergillus fumigants D) Occurrence in patients with old cavitary lesions

D) Occurrence in patients with old cavitary lesions

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Tiger skin appearance of colonic mucosa is seen in ---- <<Choices:>> A) Melanosis coli B) Ulcerative colitis C) Environmental enteropathy D) Carcinoid syndrome ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:

Q:An investigator is studying the relationship between suicide and unemployment using data from a national health registry that encompasses 10,000 people who died by suicide, as well as 100,000 matched controls. The investigator finds that unemployment was associated with an increased risk of death by suicide (odds ratio = 3.02; p < 0.001). Among patients with a significant psychiatric history, there was no relationship between suicide and unemployment (p = 0.282). Likewise, no relationship was found between the two variables among patients without a psychiatric history (p = 0.32). These results are best explained by which of the following?? {'A': 'Matching', 'B': 'Selection bias', 'C': 'Effect modification', 'D': 'Stratification', 'E': 'Confounding'},

E: Confounding

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

False statement regarding xenon is_____ A) Rapid induction and emergence B) Free from greenhouse effects C) Teratogenic D) Does not trigger malignant hypehermia

C) Teratogenic

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:

Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of two masses on her right auricle for several months. The masses appeared a few weeks after she had her ear pierced and have increased in size since then. A photograph of her right ear is shown. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these findings?? {'A': 'Implantation of epidermis into the dermis', 'B': 'Increased production of hyalinized collagen', 'C': 'Infection with human papilloma virus', 'D': 'Malignant transformation of keratinocytes', 'E': 'Excess formation of organized extracellular matrix'},

B: Increased production of hyalinized collagen

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Albe's stain is used for ? A) Staphylococcus B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae C) C. perfringens D) C. tetani

B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:

Q:A 49-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of fatigue and recurrent pain in both of her wrists and her fingers. During this time, she has also had stiffness of her joints for about 80 minutes after waking up in the morning. Examination shows swelling and tenderness of the wrists and metacarpophalangeal joints bilaterally. Her serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 42 mm/h and rheumatoid factor is positive. Treatment is begun with a drug that results in decreased synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate. This mechanism is most similar to the mechanism of action of which of the following drugs?? {'A': 'Sulfamethoxazole', 'B': 'Doxycycline', 'C': 'Trimethoprim', 'D': 'Gentamicin', 'E': 'Azithromycin\n"'},

C: Trimethoprim

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Maximum cumulative dose of isotretinoin should not exceed ---- <<Choices:>> A) 60 mg/kg B) 90 mg/kg C) 90-120 mg/kg D) 120-150 mg/kg ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Etiology of Epidermolysis bullosa is – A) Genetic B) Infections C) Senile D) Malignant

A) Genetic

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Barrett's esophagus is diagnosed by A) Squamous metaplasia B) Intestinal metaplasia C) Squamous dysplasia D) Intestinal dysplasia

B) Intestinal metaplasia

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Investigation of choice for cholesteatoma: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Schuller's view X-ray B) Otoscopy C) Skull X-ray, lateral view D) HRCT temporal bone ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options:

Q:A 57-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for laboratory abnormalities detected by her primary care physician. The patient went to her appointment complaining of difficulty using her hands and swelling of her arms and lower extremities. The patient has notably smooth skin that seems to have not aged considerably. Upon seeing her lab values, her physician sent her to the ED. The patient has a past medical history of multiple suicide attempts, bipolar disorder, obesity, diabetes, and anxiety. Her current medications include lithium, insulin, captopril, and clonazepam. The patient's laboratory values are below. Serum: Na+: 140 mEq/L K+: 5.2 mEq/L Cl-: 100 mEq/L HCO3-: 20 mEq/L BUN: 39 mg/dL Glucose: 127 mg/dL Creatinine: 2.2 mg/dL Ca2+: 8.4 mg/dL The patient is restarted on her home medications. Her temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), pulse is 80/min, blood pressure is 155/90 mmHg, respirations are 11/min, and oxygen saturation is 97% on room air. Which of the following is the best next step in management?? {'A': 'Continue medications and start metformin', 'B': 'Continue medications and start furosemide', 'C': 'Continue medications and add nifedipine', 'D': 'Start lisinopril and discontinue captopril', 'E': 'Start valproic acid and discontinue lithium'},

E: Start valproic acid and discontinue lithium

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Mondor's disease, True is NOT RELATED - MEDICINE ---- <<Choices:>> A) Lymphedema of upper limb B) Risk factor for breast cancer C) Variant of thrombophlebitis D) Mastectomy is the treatment of choice ---- <<Answer:>>

C

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Catgut suture is packed in A) Isopropyl alcohol B) Ethanol C) Formalin D) Gluteraldehyde

A) Isopropyl alcohol

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Olopatidine acts as an:- A) Antihistaminic B) Anti-inflammatory C) Anti-emetic D) Anti-psychotic

A) Antihistaminic

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

The most important source of histamine A) Mast cells B) EOsinophils C) Neutrophils D) Macrophages

A) Mast cells

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

All of the following condition are associated with granulomatous pathology, except A) Wegner's granulomatosis (WG) B) Takayasu aeritis (TA) C) Polyaeritis nodosa (Classic PAN) D) Giant cell aentis (GCA)

C) Polyaeritis nodosa (Classic PAN)

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Gluteus maximus is inserted on - A) Lesser trochanter B) Greater trochanter C) Spiral line D) iliotibial tract

D) iliotibial tract

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Gluten-sensitive enteropathy is most strongly associated with – A) HLA–DQ2 B) BLA–DR4 C) HLA–DQ3 D) Blood group B

A) HLA–DQ2

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> All of the following are indications for postoperative radiotherapy in a case of Carcinoma Endometrium except not related - surgery ---- <<Choices:>> A) Myometrial invasion >1/2 thickness B) Positive lymph nodes C) Endocervical involvement D) Tumour positive for estrogen receptors ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Treatment of fibrous dysplasia is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Radical resection of lesion B) Radiation therapy C) If the Lesion is small, dissection is done, if Lesion is large cosmetic surgery has to be carried out D) Cryosurgery ---- <<Answer:>>

C

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Sodium content of one litre of isotonic saline is - A) 140 mEq B) 154 mEq C) 40 mEq D) 70 mEq

B) 154 mEq

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Brunner glands are seen in A) Stomach B) Duodenum C) Ileum D) Appendix

B) Duodenum

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Randomization: A) It brings bias in study group, therefore avoided B) It is the Procedure by which participants are allocated into groups usually called study' and control' group C) It ensures that investigator has full control over allocation of participants to study or control group D) It is done usually before entering in the study and then consent is taken

B) It is the Procedure by which participants are allocated into groups usually called study' and control' group

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Finding of multiple myeloma in kidney are all except: A) Tubular casts B) Amyloidosis C) Wire loop lesions D) Renal tubular necrosis

C) Wire loop lesions

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Commotio retinae is seen in ---- <<Choices:>> A) Central retinal vein thrombosis B) Central retinal aery thrombosis C) Concussion injury D) Retinopathy of AIDS ---- <<Answer:>>

C

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> BIRADS stage of 5 is ---- <<Choices:>> A) Negative B) Probably benign C) Suspicious abnormality D) Highly suggestive of malignancy ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Treatment of Gonococcal ophthalmica neonatoram do not include A) Topical Atropine B) iv Bacitracin C) Ceftriaxone im D) Topical Bacitracin

B) iv Bacitracin

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

To which lymph nodes, the lymph from the umbilicus drain - A) Axillary and inguinal B) External and internal iliac C) Pre-and para-aortic D) Inter-aortocaval

A) Axillary and inguinal

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> In treatment of parkinsonism, levodopa is combined with carbidopa: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Decrease the treatment duration B) Decrease the central side effects of L-dopa C) Decrease the effectiveness of L -Dopa D) Increase the crossing of levodopa through blood brain barrier ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

A 25-year-old male athlete is admitted to the emergency depament after a bad landing in the pole vault. Radiographic examination of his hand reveals a fractured carpal bone in the floor of the anatomic snuffbox ( Fig). Which bone has most likely been fractured? A) Triquetral B) Scaphoid C) Capitate D) Hamate

B) Scaphoid

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Infectious cause of Erythematous rashes are seen in A) Measles B) Typhoid fever C) Yellow fever D) Malaria

A) Measles

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> The nucleus involved in Papez circuit is: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Pulvinar B) Intralaminar C) VPL nucleus D) Anterior nucleus of Thalamus ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Which of the following has a function of a peptidyl transferase? ---- <<Choices:>> A) Enzymes B) Single stranded DNA C) Elongation Factor D) Ribozyme ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Osmolarity of ORS fluid - A) 245 mmol/L B) 280mmol/L C) 180mmol/L D) 145 mmol/L

A) 245 mmol/L

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Which of the following is rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis A) Acetyl CoA carboxylase B) Carnitine acyltransferase I C) HMG CoA Synthase D) HMG CoA reductase

A) Acetyl CoA carboxylase

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> A 25 year old young woman has recurrent episodes of headache and sweating. Her mother had renal calculi and died after having a neck mass. The physical examination reveals a thyroid nodule but no clinical sign of thyrotoxicosis. Before performing thyroid surgery, the surgeon should order - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Measurement of thyroid hormones B) Serial detenriinations of serum calcium,phosphorus, protein and alkaline phosphatase C) 24-hours urine test for 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion D) Serial 24 hours test for catecholamines, meta-nephrines and vanillylamandelic acid excretion ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Post gonococcal stricture urethra is most commonly situated in the A) Bulbar Urethra B) Penoscrotal Jn. C) Distal part of spongy urethra D) Just distal to external meatus

A) Bulbar Urethra

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

In triple screening test for Down's syndrome during pregnancy all of the following are included except. A) Serum beta hCG B) Serum oestriol C) Maternal serum Alfa fetoprotein D) Acetyl cholinesterase

D) Acetyl cholinesterase

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> All are seen in Gigantism EXCEPT: ---- <<Choices:>> A) Mental retardation B) Visceromegaly C) Large foot D) Cardiovascular damage ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Chediak Higashi syndrome is characterised by the following except - ---- <<Choices:>> A) Neutrophilia B) Defective degranulation C) Delayed microbial killing D) Giant granules ---- <<Answer:>>

A

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

Subconjunctival cyst is seen in? A) Toxoplasmosis B) Cysticercosis C) Leishmaniasis D) Chaga's disease

B) Cysticercosis

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct option:

3-million plan was proposed by A) Kaar Singh committee B) Mudaliar committee C) Srivastava committee D) Bhore committee

D) Bhore committee

medical-qa-combined-split2

Answer the following medical question with the correct letter choice:

<<Question:>> Weight in kg is ---- <<Choices:>> A) Normal variable B) Discrete variable C) Confounding variable D) Continuous variable ---- <<Answer:>>

D

medical-qa-combined-split2