title stringlengths 1 251 | section stringlengths 0 6.12k | text stringlengths 0 716k |
|---|---|---|
America the Beautiful | References | References |
America the Beautiful | External links | External links
MP3 and RealAudio recordings available at the United States Library of Congress
America the Beautiful Park in Colorado Springs named for Katharine Lee Bates' words.
Archival collection of America the Beautiful lantern slides from the 1930s.
Another free sheet music
Category:1895 songs
Category:A... |
America the Beautiful | Table of Content | Short description, History, Lyrics, Notable performances, Idioms, Books, See also, Explanatory notes, References, External links |
Assistive technology | short description | thumb|Hearing aid
Assistive technology (AT) is a term for assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and the elderly. Disabled people often have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) independently, or even with assistance. ADLs are self-care activities that include t... |
Assistive technology | Adaptive technology | Adaptive technology
Adaptive technology and assistive technology are different. Assistive technology is something that is used to help disabled people, while adaptive technology covers items that are specifically designed for disabled people and would seldom be used by a non-disabled person. In other words, assistive t... |
Assistive technology | Occupational therapy and assistive technology | Occupational therapy and assistive technology
Occupational Therapy (OT) utilizes everyday occupations as a therapeutic tool for enhancing or enabling participation in healthy occupations to promote health and well-being (AOTA, 2020). Occupations include activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of dail... |
Assistive technology | Mobility impairments | Mobility impairments
thumb|Wheelchair propelled by attached handcycle |
Assistive technology | Wheelchairs | Wheelchairs
Wheelchairs are devices that can be manually propelled or electrically propelled, and that include a seating system and are designed to be a substitute for the normal mobility that most people have. Wheelchairs and other mobility devices allow people to perform mobility-related activities of daily living... |
Assistive technology | Transfer devices | Transfer devices
Patient transfer devices generally allow patients with impaired mobility to be moved by caregivers between beds, wheelchairs, commodes, toilets, chairs, stretchers, shower benches, automobiles, swimming pools, and other patient support systems (i.e., radiology, surgical, or examining tables).
The m... |
Assistive technology | Walkers | Walkers
A walker or walking frame or Rollator is a tool for disabled people who need additional support to maintain balance or stability while walking. It consists of a frame that is about waist high, approximately twelve inches deep and slightly wider than the user. Walkers are also available in other sizes, such as... |
Assistive technology | Treadmills | Treadmills
Bodyweight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) is used to enhance walking ability of people with neurological injury. These machines are therapist-assisted devices that are used in the clinical setting, but is limited by the personnel and labor requirements placed on physical therapists.Hornby, T. George, D... |
Assistive technology | Prosthesis | Prosthesis
A prosthesis, prosthetic, or prosthetic limb is a device that replaces a missing body part. It is part of the field of biomechatronics, the science of using mechanical devices with human muscular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems to assist or enhance motor control lost by trauma, disease, or defect. P... |
Assistive technology | Exoskeletons | Exoskeletons
A powered exoskeleton is a wearable mobile machine that is powered by a system of electric motors, pneumatics, levers, hydraulics, or a combination of technologies that allow for limb movement with increased strength and endurance. Its design aims to provide back support, sense the user's motion, and sen... |
Assistive technology | Adaptive seating and positioning | Adaptive seating and positioning
People with balance and motor function challenges often need specialized equipment to sit or stand safely and securely. This equipment is frequently specialized for specific settings such as in a classroom or nursing home. Positioning is often important in seating arrangements to ens... |
Assistive technology | For children | For children
Children with severe disabilities can develop learned helplessness, which makes them lose interest in their environment. Robotic arms are used to provide an alternative method to engage in joint play activities.Cook, A., K. Howery, J. Gu, and M. Meng. 2000. "Robot enhanced interaction and learning for chil... |
Assistive technology | Visual impairments | Visual impairments
Many people with serious visual impairments live independently, using a wide range of tools and techniques. Examples of assistive technology for visually impairment include screen readers, screen magnifiers, Braille embossers, desktop video magnifiers, and voice recorders. |
Assistive technology | Screen readers | Screen readers
Screen readers are used to help the visually impaired to easily access electronic information. These software programs run on a computer to convey the displayed information through voice (text-to-speech) or braille (refreshable braille displays) in combination with magnification for low vision users i... |
Assistive technology | Braille and braille technology | Braille and braille technology
Braille is a system of raised dots formed into units called braille cells. A full braille cell is made up of six dots, with two parallel rows of three dots, but other combinations and quantities of dots represent other letters, numbers, punctuation marks, or words. People can then use ... |
Assistive technology | Braille translator | Braille translator
A braille translator is a computer program that can translate inkprint into braille or braille into inkprint. A braille translator can be an app on a computer or be built into a website, a smartphone, or a braille device. |
Assistive technology | Braille embosser | Braille embosser
A braille embosser is, simply put, a printer for braille. Instead of a standard printer adding ink onto a page, the braille embosser imprints the raised dots of braille onto a page. Some braille embossers combine both braille and ink so the documents can be read with either sight or touch. |
Assistive technology | Refreshable braille display | Refreshable braille display
A refreshable braille display or braille terminal is an electro-mechanical device for displaying braille characters, usually by means of round-tipped pins raised through holes in a flat surface. Computer users who cannot use a computer monitor use it to read a braille output version of th... |
Assistive technology | Desktop video magnifier | Desktop video magnifier
Desktop video magnifiers are electronic devices that use a camera and a display screen to perform digital magnification of printed materials. They enlarge printed pages for those with low vision. A camera connects to a monitor that displays real-time images, and the user can control settings ... |
Assistive technology | Screen magnification software | Screen magnification software
A screen magnifier is software that interfaces with a computer's graphical output to present enlarged screen content. It allows users to enlarge the texts and graphics on their computer screens for easier viewing. Similar to desktop video magnifiers, this technology assists people with ... |
Assistive technology | Large-print and tactile keyboards | Large-print and tactile keyboards
A large-print keyboard has large letters printed on the keys. On the keyboard shown, the round buttons at the top control software which can magnify the screen (zoom in), change the background color of the screen, or make the mouse cursor on the screen larger. The "bump dots" on th... |
Assistive technology | Navigation assistance | Navigation assistance
Assistive technology for navigation has expanded on the IEEE Xplore database since 2000, with over 7,500 engineering articles written on assistive technologies and visual impairment in the past 25 years, and over 1,300 articles on solving the problem of navigation for people who are blind or vis... |
Assistive technology | Wearable technology | Wearable technology
Wearable technology are smart electronic devices that can be worn on the body as an implant or an accessory. New technologies are exploring how the visually impaired can receive visual information through wearable devices.
Some wearable devices for visual impairment include: OrCam device, eSight... |
Assistive technology | Personal emergency response systems | Personal emergency response systems
thumb|This voter with a manual dexterity disability is making choices on a touchscreen with a head dauber.
Personal emergency response systems (PERS), or Telecare (UK term), are a particular sort of assistive technology that use electronic sensors connected to an alarm system to hel... |
Assistive technology | Accessibility software | Accessibility software
In human–computer interaction, computer accessibility (also known as accessible computing) refers to the accessibility of a computer system to all people, regardless of disability or severity of impairment, examples include web accessibility guidelines. Another approach is for the user to presen... |
Assistive technology | Hearing impairments | Hearing impairments
People in the deaf and hard of hearing community have a more difficult time receiving auditory information as compared to hearing individuals. These individuals often rely on visual and tactile mediums for receiving and communicating information. The use of assistive technology and devices provides... |
Assistive technology | Hearing aids | Hearing aids
A hearing aid or deaf aid is an electro-acoustic device which is designed to amplify sound for the wearer, usually with the aim of making speech more intelligible, and to correct impaired hearing as measured by audiometry. This type of assistive technology helps people with hearing loss participate more... |
Assistive technology | Assistive listening devices | Assistive listening devices
Assistive listening devices include FM, infrared, and loop assistive listening devices. This type of technology allows people with hearing difficulties to focus on a speaker or subject by getting rid of extra background noises and distractions, making places like auditoriums, classrooms, ... |
Assistive technology | Amplified telephone equipment | Amplified telephone equipment
This type of assistive technology allows users to amplify the volume and clarity of their phone calls so that they can easily partake in this medium of communication. There are also options to adjust the frequency and tone of a call to suit their individual hearing needs. Additionally, ... |
Assistive technology | Augmentative and alternative communication | Augmentative and alternative communication
thumb|An AAC user uses number coding on an eye gaze communication board.
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an umbrella term that encompasses methods of communication for those with impairments or restrictions on the production or comprehension of spoken or w... |
Assistive technology | Cognitive impairments | Cognitive impairments
Assistive Technology for Cognition (ATC)LoPresti, E.F., Mihailidis, A. & Kirsch, N. (2004). Assistive Technology for cognitive rehabilitation: State of the art. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 14, 5–39. is the use of technology (usually high tech) to augment and assist cognitive processes such... |
Assistive technology | Memory aids | Memory aids
Memory aids are any type of assistive technology that helps a user learn and remember certain information. Many memory aids are used for cognitive impairments such as reading, writing, or organizational difficulties. For example, a Smartpen records handwritten notes by creating both a digital copy and an ... |
Assistive technology | Educational software | Educational software
Educational software is software that assists people with reading, learning, comprehension, and organizational difficulties. Any accommodation software such as text readers, notetakers, text enlargers, organization tools, word predictions, and talking word processors falls under the category of ... |
Assistive technology | Eating impairments | Eating impairments
Adaptive eating devices include items commonly used by the general population like spoons and forks and plates. However they become assistive technology when they are modified to accommodate the needs of people who have difficulty using standard cutlery due to a disabling condition. Common modific... |
Assistive technology | In sports | In sports
thumb|A New York City Marathon competitor uses a racing wheelchair.
Assistive technology in sports is an area of technology design that is growing. Assistive technology is the array of new devices created to enable sports enthusiasts who have disabilities to play. Assistive technology may be used in adaptiv... |
Assistive technology | In education | In education
In the United States there are two major pieces of legislation that govern the use of assistive technology within the school system. The first is Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the second being the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which was first enacted in 1975 under t... |
Assistive technology | Computer accessibility | Computer accessibility
thumb|A sip-and-puff device which allows a person with substantial disability to make selections and navigate computerized interfaces by controlling inhalations and exhalations
One of the largest problems that affect disabled people is discomfort with prostheses. An experiment performed in Massa... |
Assistive technology | Home automation | Home automation
The form of home automation called assistive domotics focuses on making it possible for elderly and disabled people to live independently. Home automation is becoming a viable option for the elderly and disabled who would prefer to stay in their own homes rather than move to a healthcare facility. This ... |
Assistive technology | Assistive technology and innovation | Assistive technology and innovation
thumb|Conventional assistive technologies patent filings between 2013 and 2017. 177,398 patent families have been filed. 64% of the filings are in the Mobility assistive technology.
thumb|Emerging assistive technologies patent fillings between 2013 and 2017. 15,592 patents familie... |
Assistive technology | Impacts | Impacts
Overall, assistive technology aims to allow disabled people to "participate more fully in all aspects of life (home, school, and community)" and increases their opportunities for "education, social interactions, and potential for meaningful employment". It creates greater independence and control for disabled... |
Assistive technology | History | History
In 1988 the National institute on disability and rehabilitation research, NIDRR, awarded Gaulladet University a grant for the project "Robotic finger spelling hand for communication and access to text by deaf-blind persons". Researchers at the university developed and tested a robotic hand. Although it was neve... |
Assistive technology | rATA Tool by World Health Organization | rATA Tool by World Health Organization
The rapid assistive technology assessment (rATA) is a tool developed by World Health Organization in order to undertake household surveys which can measure various parameters needed to access assistive technology and to make informed policies for governments around the world. |
Assistive technology | See also | See also
Accessibility
Assisted living
Augmentative and alternative communication
Braille technology
Design for All (in ICT)
Disability Flag
Durable medical equipment
OATS: Open Source Assistive Technology Software
Occupational therapy
Powered exoskeleton
Rehabilitation robotics
Soft robotics
Transgenerat... |
Assistive technology | References | References |
Assistive technology | Bibliography | Bibliography
Assistive Technology in Education: A Teacher's Guide, Amy Foxwell, 15 February 2022. |
Assistive technology | External links | External links
WHO fact sheet on assistive technology
Category:Educational technology
Category:Web accessibility |
Assistive technology | Table of Content | short description, Adaptive technology, Occupational therapy and assistive technology, Mobility impairments, Wheelchairs, Transfer devices, Walkers, Treadmills, Prosthesis, Exoskeletons, Adaptive seating and positioning, For children, Visual impairments, Screen readers, Braille and braille technology, Braille translato... |
Abacus | short description | thumb|Bi-quinary coded decimal-like abacus representing
An abacus ( abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool which was used from ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, until the adoption of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. An abacus consists of ... |
Abacus | Etymology | Etymology
The word abacus dates to at least 1387 AD when a Middle English work borrowed the word from Latin that described a sandboard abacus. The Latin word is derived from ancient Greek () which means something without a base, and colloquially, any piece of rectangular material. Alternatively, without reference to ... |
Abacus | History | History |
Abacus | Mesopotamia | Mesopotamia
The Sumerian abacus appeared between 2700 and 2300 BC. It held a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal (base 60) number system.
Some scholars point to a character in Babylonian cuneiform that may have been derived from a representation of the ab... |
Abacus | Egypt | Egypt
Greek historian Herodotus mentioned the abacus in Ancient Egypt. He wrote that the Egyptians manipulated the pebbles from right to left, opposite in direction to the Greek left-to-right method. Archaeologists have found ancient disks of various sizes that are thought to have been used as counters. However, wall d... |
Abacus | Persia | Persia
At around 600 BC, Persians first began to use the abacus, during the Achaemenid Empire. Under the Parthian, Sassanian, and Iranian empires, scholars concentrated on exchanging knowledge and inventions with the countries around them – India, China, and the Roman Empire – which is how the abacus may have been expo... |
Abacus | Greece | Greece
thumb|upright|An early photograph of the Salamis Tablet, 1899. The original is marble and is held by the National Museum of Epigraphy, in Athens.
The earliest archaeological evidence for the use of the Greek abacus dates to the 5th century BC. Demosthenes (384–322 BC) complained that the need to use pebbles fo... |
Abacus | Rome | Rome
right|thumb|Copy of a Roman abacus
The normal method of calculation in ancient Rome, as in Greece, was by moving counters on a smooth table. Originally pebbles () were used. Marked lines indicated units, fives, tens, etc. as in the Roman numeral system.
Writing in the 1st century BC, Horace refers to the wax a... |
Abacus | Medieval Europe | Medieval Europe
The Roman system of 'counter casting' was used widely in medieval Europe, and persisted in limited use into the nineteenth century. Wealthy abacists used decorative minted counters, called jetons.
Due to Pope Sylvester II's reintroduction of the abacus with modifications, it became widely used in Eu... |
Abacus | China | China
thumb|A Chinese abacus (suanpan) (the number represented in the picture is 6,302,715,408)
The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC.
The Chinese abacus, also known as the suanpan (算盤/算盘, lit. "calculating tray"), comes in various lengths and widths, depending on... |
Abacus | India | India
The Abhidharmakośabhāṣya of Vasubandhu (316–396), a Sanskrit work on Buddhist philosophy, says that the second-century CE philosopher Vasumitra said that "placing a wick (Sanskrit vartikā) on the number one (ekāṅka) means it is a one while placing the wick on the number hundred means it is called a hundred, and ... |
Abacus | Japan | Japan
thumb|Japanese soroban
In Japan, the abacus is called soroban (, lit. "counting tray"). It was imported from China in the 14th century. It was probably in use by the working class a century or more before the ruling class adopted it, as the class structure obstructed such changes. The 1:4 abacus, which removes t... |
Abacus | Korea | Korea
The Chinese abacus migrated from China to Korea around 1400 AD. Koreans call it jupan (주판), supan (수판) or jusan (주산). The four-beads abacus (1:4) was introduced during the Goryeo Dynasty. The 5:1 abacus was introduced to Korea from China during the Ming Dynasty. |
Abacus | Native America | Native America
thumb|Representation of an Inca quipu
thumb|A yupana as used by the Incas
Some sources mention the use of an abacus called a nepohualtzintzin in ancient Aztec culture. This Mesoamerican abacus used a 5-digit base-20 system. The word Nepōhualtzintzin comes from Nahuatl, formed by the roots; Ne – personal... |
Abacus | Russia | Russia
thumb|Russian schoty
The Russian abacus, the schoty (, plural from , counting), usually has a single slanted deck, with ten beads on each wire (except one wire with four beads for quarter-ruble fractions). 4-bead wire was introduced for quarter-kopeks, which were minted until 1916. The Russian abacus is used ver... |
Abacus | School abacus | School abacus
thumb|Early 20th century abacus used in Danish elementary school
thumb|A twenty bead rekenrek
Around the world, abacuses have been used in pre-schools and elementary schools as an aid in teaching the numeral system and arithmetic.
In Western countries, a bead frame similar to the Russian abacus but with ... |
Abacus | Neurological analysis | Neurological analysis
Learning how to calculate with the abacus may improve capacity for mental calculation. Abacus-based mental calculation (AMC), which was derived from the abacus, is the act of performing calculations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, in the mind by manipulating an im... |
Abacus | Renaissance abacuses | Renaissance abacuses |
Abacus | Binary abacus | Binary abacus
thumb|Two binary abacuses constructed by Robert C. Good Jr., made from two Chinese abacuses
The binary abacus is used to explain how computers manipulate numbers. The abacus shows how numbers, letters, and signs can be stored in a binary system on a computer, or via ASCII. The device consists of beads on ... |
Abacus | Visually impaired users | Visually impaired users
An adapted abacus, invented by Tim Cranmer, and called a Cranmer abacus is commonly used by visually impaired users. A piece of soft fabric or rubber is placed behind the beads, keeping them in place while the users manipulate them. The device is then used to perform the mathematical functions o... |
Abacus | See also | See also
Chinese Zhusuan
Chisanbop
Logical abacus
Napier's bones
Sand table
Slide rule |
Abacus | Notes | Notes |
Abacus | Footnotes | Footnotes |
Abacus | References | References
|
Abacus | Further reading | Further reading
|
Abacus | External links | External links
|
Abacus | Tutorials | Tutorials
Min Multimedia
|
Abacus | History | History
|
Abacus | Curiosities | Curiosities
Abacus in Various Number Systems at cut-the-knot
Java applet of Chinese, Japanese and Russian abaci
An atomic-scale abacus
Examples of Abaci
Aztex Abacus
Indian Abacus
Abacus Course
Category:Mathematical tools
Category:Chinese mathematics
Category:Egyptian mathematics
Category:Greek mathematics
... |
Abacus | Table of Content | short description, Etymology, History, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, Greece, Rome, Medieval Europe, China, India, Japan, Korea, Native America, Russia, School abacus, Neurological analysis, Renaissance abacuses, Binary abacus, Visually impaired users, See also, Notes, Footnotes, References, Further reading, External link... |
Acid | pp-semi-indef | thumb|Zinc, a typical metal, reacting with hydrochloric acid, a typical acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.IUPAC Gold Book - acid
The first category of ac... |
Acid | Definitions and concepts | Definitions and concepts
Modern definitions are concerned with the fundamental chemical reactions common to all acids.
Most acids encountered in everyday life are aqueous solutions, or can be dissolved in water, so the Arrhenius and Brønsted–Lowry definitions are the most relevant.
The Brønsted–Lowry definition is t... |
Acid | Arrhenius acids | Arrhenius acids
thumb|150px|Svante Arrhenius
In 1884, Svante Arrhenius attributed the properties of acidity to hydrogen ions (H+), later described as protons or hydrons. An Arrhenius acid is a substance that, when added to water, increases the concentration of H+ ions in the water. Chemists often write H+(aq) and refe... |
Acid | Brønsted–Lowry acids{{anchor | Brønsted–Lowry acids
thumb|350px|alt=Acetic acid, CH3COOH, is composed of a methyl group, CH3, bound chemically to a carboxylate group, COOH. The carboxylate group can lose a proton and donate it to a water molecule, H20, leaving behind an acetate anion CH3COO- and creating a hydronium cation H3O. This is an equilibri... |
Acid | Lewis acids | Lewis acids
A third, only marginally related concept was proposed in 1923 by Gilbert N. Lewis, which includes reactions with acid–base characteristics that do not involve a proton transfer. A Lewis acid is a species that accepts a pair of electrons from another species; in other words, it is an electron pair acceptor.... |
Acid | Dissociation and equilibrium | Dissociation and equilibrium
Reactions of acids are often generalized in the form , where HA represents the acid and A− is the conjugate base. This reaction is referred to as protolysis. The protonated form (HA) of an acid is also sometimes referred to as the free acid.
Acid–base conjugate pairs differ by one proton,... |
Acid | Nomenclature | Nomenclature
Arrhenius acids are named according to their anions. In the classical naming system, the ionic suffix is dropped and replaced with a new suffix, according to the table following. The prefix "hydro-" is used when the acid is made up of just hydrogen and one other element. For example, HCl has chloride as it... |
Acid | Acid strength | Acid strength
The strength of an acid refers to its ability or tendency to lose a proton. A strong acid is one that completely dissociates in water; in other words, one mole of a strong acid HA dissolves in water yielding one mole of H+ and one mole of the conjugate base, A−, and none of the protonated acid HA. In con... |
Acid | Lewis acid strength in non-aqueous solutions | Lewis acid strength in non-aqueous solutions
Lewis acids have been classified in the ECW model and it has been shown that there is no one order of acid strengths. The relative acceptor strength of Lewis acids toward a series of bases, versus other Lewis acids, can be illustrated by C-B plots.Laurence, C. and Gal, J-F.... |
Acid | Chemical characteristics | Chemical characteristics |
Acid | Monoprotic acids | Monoprotic acids
Monoprotic acids, also known as monobasic acids, are those acids that are able to donate one proton per molecule during the process of dissociation (sometimes called ionization) as shown below (symbolized by HA):
Ka
Common examples of monoprotic acids in mineral acids include hydrochloric acid ... |
Acid | Polyprotic acids | Polyprotic acids
Polyprotic acids, also known as polybasic acids, are able to donate more than one proton per acid molecule, in contrast to monoprotic acids that only donate one proton per molecule. Specific types of polyprotic acids have more specific names, such as diprotic (or dibasic) acid (two potential protons t... |
Acid | Neutralization | Neutralization
thumb|Hydrochloric acid (in beaker) reacting with ammonia fumes to produce ammonium chloride (white smoke)
Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base, producing a salt and neutralized base; for example, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide form sodium chloride and water:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(a... |
Acid | Weak acid–weak base equilibrium | Weak acid–weak base equilibrium
In order for a protonated acid to lose a proton, the pH of the system must rise above the pKa of the acid. The decreased concentration of H+ in that basic solution shifts the equilibrium towards the conjugate base form (the deprotonated form of the acid). In lower-pH (more acidic) solut... |
Acid | Titration | Titration
To determine the concentration of an acid in an aqueous solution, an acid–base titration is commonly performed. A strong base solution with a known concentration, usually NaOH or KOH, is added to neutralize the acid solution according to the color change of the indicator with the amount of base added. The ... |
Acid | Example: Diprotic acid | Example: Diprotic acid
thumb|This is an ideal titration curve for alanine, a diprotic amino acid. Point 2 is the first equivalent point where the amount of NaOH added equals the amount of alanine in the original solution.
For each diprotic acid titration curve, from left to right, there are two midpoints, two equival... |
Acid | Equivalence points | Equivalence points
Due to the successive dissociation processes, there are two equivalence points in the titration curve of a diprotic acid. The first equivalence point occurs when all first hydrogen ions from the first ionization are titrated. In other words, the amount of OH− added equals the original amount of H2A... |
Acid | Buffer regions and midpoints | Buffer regions and midpoints
A titration curve for a diprotic acid contains two midpoints where pH=pKa. Since there are two different Ka values, the first midpoint occurs at pH=pKa1 and the second one occurs at pH=pKa2. Each segment of the curve that contains a midpoint at its center is called the buffer region. Beca... |
Acid | Applications of acids | Applications of acids |
Acid | In industry | In industry
Acids are fundamental reagents in treating almost all processes in modern industry. Sulfuric acid, a diprotic acid, is the most widely used acid in industry, and is also the most-produced industrial chemical in the world. It is mainly used in producing fertilizer, detergent, batteries and dyes, as well as u... |