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Alabama | Industry | Industry
Alabama's industrial outputs include iron and steel products (including cast-iron and steel pipe); paper, lumber, and wood products; mining (mostly coal); plastic products; cars and trucks; and apparel. In addition, Alabama produces aerospace and electronic products, mostly in the Huntsville area, the locati... |
Alabama | Tourism and entertainment | Tourism and entertainment
thumb|Alabama's beaches are one of the state's major tourist destinations.
According to Business Insider, Alabama ranked 14th in most popular states to visit in 2014. An estimated 26 million tourists visited the state in 2017 and spent $14.3 billion, providing directly or indirectly 186,900... |
Alabama | Healthcare | Healthcare
UAB Hospital, USA Health University Hospital, Huntsville Hospital, and Children's Hospital of Alabama are the only LevelI trauma centers in Alabama. UAB is the largest state government employer in Alabama, with a workforce of about 18,000. A 2017 study found that Alabama had the least competitive health in... |
Alabama | Banking | Banking
thumb|Regions-Harbert Plaza, Regions Center, and Wells Fargo Tower in Birmingham's financial district
Regions Financial Corporation is the largest bank headquartered in or operating in Alabama. PNC Financial Services and Wells Fargo also have a major presence in Alabama.
Wells Fargo has a regional headquart... |
Alabama | Electronics and communications | Electronics and communications
Telecommunications provider AT&T, formerly BellSouth, has a major presence in Alabama with several large offices in Birmingham.
Many technology companies are headquartered in Huntsville, such as ADTRAN, a network access company; Intergraph, a computer graphics company; and Avocent, an ... |
Alabama | Construction | Construction
Brasfield & Gorrie, BE&K, Hoar Construction, and B.L. Harbert International, based in Alabama and subsidiaries of URS Corporation, are all routinely are included in the Engineering News-Record lists of top design, international construction, and engineering firms. |
Alabama | Law and government | Law and government |
Alabama | State government | State government
thumb|The State Capitol Building in Montgomery, completed in 1851
The foundational document for Alabama's government is the Alabama Constitution, the current one having been adopted in 2022. The former Alabama constitution adopted in 1901 was, with over 850 amendments and almost 87,000 words, by so... |
Alabama | Taxes | Taxes
Taxes are collected by the Alabama Department of Revenue. Alabama levies a 2%, 4%, or5% personal income tax, depending on the amount earned and filing status. Taxpayers are allowed to deduct their federal income tax from their Alabama state tax, even if taking the standard deduction; those who itemize can also ... |
Alabama | County and local governments | County and local governments
Alabama has 67 counties. Each county has its own elected legislative branch, usually called the county commission. It also has limited executive authority in the county. Because of the constraints of the Alabama Constitution, which centralizes power in the state legislature, only seven c... |
Alabama | Politics | Politics
During Reconstruction following the American Civil War, Alabama was occupied by federal troops of the Third Military District under General John Pope. In 1874, the political coalition of white Democrats known as the Redeemers took control of the state government from the Republicans, in part by suppressing t... |
Alabama | Elections | Elections
thumb|Senator Doug Jones won a special election in 2017. |
Alabama | State elections | State elections
With the disfranchisement of Blacks in 1901, the state became part of the "Solid South", a system in which the Democratic Party operated as effectively the only viable political party in every Southern state. For nearly a hundred years local and state elections in Alabama were decided in the Democrati... |
Alabama | Local elections | Local elections
Many metropolitan and suburban counties have voters who are majority Democrats, resulting in local elections being decided in the Democratic primary. Similarly, most rural counties are majority-Republican and elections are effectively decided in the Republican Primary. However, since local governments... |
Alabama | Federal elections | Federal elections
The state's two U.S. senators are Katie Britt and Tommy Tuberville, both of whom are Republican. In the U.S. House of Representatives, the state is represented by seven members, five of whom are Republicans (Mike Rogers, Robert Aderholt, Dale Strong, Barry Moore, and Gary Palmer) and two Democrats (... |
Alabama | Education | Education |
Alabama | Primary and secondary education | Primary and secondary education
thumb|right|Vestavia Hills High School in the suburbs of Birmingham
Public primary and secondary education in Alabama is under the purview of the Alabama State Board of Education as well as local oversight by 67 county school boards and 60 city boards of education. Together, 1,496 ind... |
Alabama | Colleges and universities | Colleges and universities
thumb|left|Harrison Plaza at the University of North Alabama in Florence. The school was chartered as LaGrange College by the Alabama Legislature in 1830.
Alabama's programs of higher education include 14 four-year public universities, two-year community colleges, and 17 private, undergrad... |
Alabama | Media | Media
Major newspapers include Birmingham News, Mobile Press-Register, and Montgomery Advertiser.
Major television network affiliates in Alabama include:
ABC
WGWW 40.2 ABC, Anniston
WBMA 58/WABM 68.2 ABC, Birmingham
WDHN 18 ABC, Dothan
WAAY 31 ABC, Huntsville
WEAR 3 ABC Pensacola, Florida/Mobile
WNCF 32 ABC... |
Alabama | Culture | Culture |
Alabama | Literature | Literature
Alabama literature is characterized by themes of race and issues of gender and war, and is influenced by events such as the American Civil War, the Reconstruction era, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Vietnam War. Some notable examples of Alabama literature include Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird, Wi... |
Alabama | Sports | Sports
thumb|right|Bryant–Denny Stadium at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa
thumb|Regions Field in Birmingham
thumb|Von Braun Center in Huntsville
thumb|Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex in Birmingham |
Alabama | Professional sports | Professional sports
Alabama has several professional and semi-professional sports teams, including three minor league baseball teams.
Club City Sport League Venue AFC Mobile Mobile Soccer Gulf Coast Premier League Archbishop Lipscomb Athletic Complex Birmingham Bulls Pelham Ice hockey Southern Professional Hockey ... |
Alabama | College sports | College sports
College football is extremely popular in Alabama, particularly the University of Alabama Crimson Tide and Auburn University Tigers, rivals in the Southeastern Conference. Alabama averages over 100,000 fans per game and Auburn averages over 80,000—both numbers among the top twenty in the nation. Bryant–... |
Alabama | Transportation | Transportation
thumb|Terminal at the Montgomery Regional Airport in Montgomery
thumb|Interstate 59 (co-signed with Interstate 20) approaching Interstate 65 in downtown Birmingham
thumb|Aerial view of the port of Mobile |
Alabama | Aviation | Aviation
Major airports with sustained operations in Alabama include Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport (BHM), Huntsville International Airport (HSV), Dothan Regional Airport (DHN), Mobile Regional Airport (MOB), Montgomery Regional Airport (MGM), Northwest Alabama Regional Airport (MSL) and Northeast Al... |
Alabama | Rail | Rail
For rail transport, Amtrak schedules the Crescent, a daily passenger train, running from New York to New Orleans with station stops at Anniston, Birmingham, and Tuscaloosa. |
Alabama | Roads | Roads
Alabama has six major interstate routes: Interstate 65 (I-65) travels north–south roughly through the middle of the state; I-20/I-59 travel from the central west Mississippi state line to Birmingham, where I-59 continues to the north-east corner of the state and I-20 continues east towards Atlanta; I-85 origina... |
Alabama | Ports | Ports
The Port of Mobile, Alabama's only saltwater port, is a large seaport on the Gulf of Mexico with inland waterway access to the Midwest by way of the Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway. The Port of Mobile was ranked 12th by tons of traffic in the United States during 2009. The newly expanded container terminal at the ... |
Alabama | See also | See also
Index of Alabama-related articles
Outline of Alabama — organized list of topics about Alabama
USS Alabama, 7 ships |
Alabama | Notes | Notes |
Alabama | Subnotes | Subnotes |
Alabama | Other notes | Other notes |
Alabama | References | References |
Alabama | Further reading | Further reading
Atkins, Leah Rawls, Wayne Flynt, William Warren Rogers, and David Ward. Alabama: The History of a Deep South State (1994).
Flynt, Wayne. Alabama in the Twentieth Century (2004).
Owen Thomas M. History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography (4 vols, 1921).
Jackson, Harvey H. Inside Alabama... |
Alabama | External links | External links
Alabama: State Resource Guide from the Library of Congress, A guide that provides access to digital materials related to the state of Alabama at the Library of Congress, as well as links to external websites and a selected print bibliography.
All About The Archives (archived 2020) at the Alabama D... |
Alabama | Table of Content | Short description, Etymology, History, Pre-European settlement, European settlement, 19th century, Civil War and Reconstruction, 20th century, 21st century, Geography, Climate, Flora and fauna, Major cities, Demographics, Race and ethnicity, Language, Religion, Health, Economy, Largest employers, Agriculture, Aquacultu... |
Achilles | Short description | In Greek mythology, Achilles ( ) or Achilleus () was a hero of the Trojan War who was known as being the greatest of all the Greek warriors. The central character in Homer's Iliad, he was the son of the Nereid Thetis and Peleus, king of Phthia and famous Argonaut. Achilles was raised in Phthia along with his childhood ... |
Achilles | Etymology | Etymology
Linear B tablets attest to the personal name Achilleus in the forms a-ki-re-u and a-ki-re-we, Retrieved 5 May 2017. the latter being the dative of the former. The name grew more popular, becoming common soon after the seventh century BCEEpigraphical database gives 476 matches for Ἀχιλ-.The earliest ones: Co... |
Achilles | Other names | Other names
Among the appellations under which Achilles is generally known are the following:
Pyrisous, "saved from the fire", his first name, which seems to favour the tradition in which his mortal parts were burned by his mother Thetis
Aeacides, from his grandfather Aeacus
Aemonius, from Aemonia, a country which... |
Achilles | Birth and early years | Birth and early years
thumb|left|upright=1.2|Thetis Dipping the Infant Achilles into the River Styx by Peter Paul Rubens (; Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam)
Achilles was the son of Thetis—a Nereid and daughter of the Old Man of the Sea—and Peleus, the king of the Myrmidons. Zeus and Poseidon had been rivals... |
Achilles | Physical description | Physical description
In Homer's Iliad, Achilles is portrayed as tall and striking, with strength and looks that were unmatched among the Greek warriors. Homer describes him as having long hair or a mane ().Homer, Iliad, 23.141 (in Greek) Along with some other characters, his hair is described with the word xanthḗ (),... |
Achilles | Hidden on Skyros | Hidden on Skyros
thumb|A Roman mosaic from the Poseidon Villa in Zeugma, Commagene (now in the Zeugma Mosaic Museum) depicting Achilles disguised as a woman and Odysseus tricking him into revealing himself
Some post-Homeric sourcesEuripides, Skyrioi, surviving only in fragmentary form; Philostratus Junior, Imagines... |
Achilles | In the Trojan War | In the Trojan War
thumb|upright=1.3|A marble representation of Achilles at the court of King Lycomedes,
According to the Iliad, Achilles arrived at Troy with 50 ships, each carrying 50 Myrmidons. He appointed five leaders (each leader commanding 500 Myrmidons): Menesthius, Eudorus, Peisander, Phoenix and Alcimedon.... |
Achilles | Telephus | Telephus
When the Greeks left for the Trojan War, they accidentally stopped in Mysia, ruled by King Telephus. In the resulting battle, Achilles gave Telephus a wound that would not heal; Telephus consulted an oracle, who stated that "he that wounded shall heal". Guided by the oracle, he arrived at Argos, where Achill... |
Achilles | Troilus | Troilus
thumb|left|Achilles slaying Troilus, red-figure kylix signed by Euphronios
According to the Cypria (the part of the Epic Cycle that tells the events of the Trojan War before Achilles' wrath), when the Achaeans desired to return home, they were restrained by Achilles, who afterwards attacked the cattle of Aen... |
Achilles | In the ''Iliad'' | In the Iliad
thumb|Achilles and Agamemnon, from a mosaic from Pompeii, first century CE
Homer's Iliad is the most famous narrative of Achilles' deeds in the Trojan War. Achilles' wrath (, ) is the central theme of the poem. The first two lines of the Iliad read:
Μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληιάδεω Ἀχιλῆος
οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί' Ἀ... |
Achilles | Penthesilea and Memnon | Penthesilea and Memnon
thumb|Achilles and Memnon fighting, between Thetis and Eos, Attic black-figure amphora, , from Vulci
Later works, including the Aethiopis (seventh century BCE) and a work named Posthomerica, composed by Quintus of Smyrna in the fourth century CE, relate further events from the Trojan War. When... |
Achilles | Achilles and Patroclus | Achilles and Patroclus
thumb|Achilles tending Patroclus wounded by an arrow, Attic red-figure kylix, (Altes Museum, Berlin)
The exact nature of Achilles' relationship with Patroclus has been a subject of dispute in both the classical period and modern times. In the Iliad, it appears to be the model of a deep and l... |
Achilles | Death | Death
thumb|left|Dying Achilles (Achilleas thniskon) in the gardens of the Achilleion
The death of Achilles, even if considered solely as it occurred in the oldest sources, is a complex one, with many different versions.Abrantes 2016: c. 4.3.1 Starting with the oldest account, In book 22 of the Iliad, Hector predict... |
Achilles | Fate of Achilles' armour | Fate of Achilles' armour
thumb|left|Oinochoe, , Ajax and Odysseus fighting over the armour of Achilles
Achilles' armour was the object of a feud between Odysseus and Ajax the Great. They competed for it by giving speeches on why they were the bravest after Achilles to their Trojan prisoners, who, after considering b... |
Achilles | Achilles, Ajax and a game of ''petteia'' | Achilles, Ajax and a game of petteia
Numerous paintings on pottery have suggested a tale not mentioned in the literary traditions. At some point in the war, Achilles and Ajax were playing a board game (petteia)."Petteia". "Greek Board Games". They were absorbed in the game and oblivious to the surrounding battle."La... |
Achilles | Worship and heroic cult | Worship and heroic cult
thumb|Sacrifice of Polyxena and tumulus-shaped tomb of Achilles with a tripod in front, on the Polyxena sarcophagus,
thumb|Roman statue of a man with the dead body of a boy, identified as Achilles and Troilus, second century CE (Naples National Archaeological Museum)
The tomb of Achilles,Cf... |
Achilles | Reception during antiquity | Reception during antiquity |
Achilles | In Greek tragedy | In Greek tragedy
The Greek tragedian Aeschylus wrote a trilogy of plays about Achilles, given the title Achilleis by modern scholars. The tragedies relate the deeds of Achilles during the Trojan War, including his defeat of Hector and eventual death when an arrow shot by Paris and guided by Apollo punctures his heel... |
Achilles | In Greek philosophy | In Greek philosophy |
Achilles | Zeno | Zeno
The philosopher Zeno of Elea centred one of his paradoxes on an imaginary footrace between "swift-footed" Achilles and a tortoise, by which he attempted to show that Achilles could not catch up to a tortoise with a head start, and therefore that motion and change were impossible. As a student of the monist Parme... |
Achilles | Plato | Plato
In Hippias Minor, a Socratic dialogue attributed to Plato, an arrogant man named Hippias argues with Socrates. The two get into a discussion about lying. They decide that a person who is intentionally false must be "better" than a person who is unintentionally false, on the basis that someone who lies intention... |
Achilles | In Roman and medieval literature | In Roman and medieval literature
The Romans, who traditionally traced their lineage to Troy, took a highly negative view of Achilles. Virgil refers to Achilles as a savage and a merciless butcher of men,Aeneid 2.28, 1.30, 3.87. while Horace portrays Achilles ruthlessly slaying women and children.Odes 4.6.17–20. Other... |
Achilles | In modern literature and arts | In modern literature and arts
thumb|right|Briseis and Achilles, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar (1607–1677)
thumb|The Wrath of Achilles (), painting by Peter Paul Rubens
thumb|The death of Hector, unfinished oil painting by Peter Paul Rubens
thumb|upright=1.3|Achilles and Agamemnon by Gottlieb Schick (1801)
thumb|The... |
Achilles | Literature | Literature
Achilles appears in Dante's Inferno (composed 1308–1320). He is seen in Hell's second circle, that of lust.
Achilles is portrayed as a former hero who has become lazy and devoted to the love of Patroclus, in William Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida (1602). Despicably, he has his Myrmidons murder the un... |
Achilles | Visual arts | Visual arts
Achilles with the Daughters of Lycomedes is a subject treated in paintings by Anthony van Dyck (before 1618; Museo del Prado, Madrid) and Nicolas Poussin (; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston) among others.
Peter Paul Rubens has authored a series of works on the life of Achilles, comprising the titles: Thetis ... |
Achilles | Music | Music
Achilles has been frequently the subject of operas, ballets and related genres.
Operas titled Deidamia were composed by Francesco Cavalli (1644) and George Frideric Handel (1739).
Achille et Polyxène (Paris 1687) is an opera begun by Jean-Baptiste Lully and finished by Pascal Collasse.
Achille et Déidamie (P... |
Achilles | Film and television | Film and television
Achilles has been portrayed in the following films and television series:
The 1924 film Helena by Carlo Aldini
The 1954 film Ulysses by Piero Lulli
The 1956 film Helen of Troy by Stanley Baker
The 1961 film The Trojan Horse by Arturo Dominici
The 1962 film The Fury of Achilles by Gordon Mitch... |
Achilles | Architecture | Architecture
In 1890, Elisabeth of Bavaria, Empress of Austria, had a summer palace built in Corfu. The building is named the Achilleion, after Achilles. Its paintings and statuary depict scenes from the Trojan War, with particular focus on Achilles.
The Wellington Monument is a statue representing Achilles erecte... |
Achilles | Namesakes | Namesakes
The name of Achilles has been used for at least nine Royal Navy warships since 1744—both as and with the French spelling . A 60-gun ship of that name served at the Battle of Belleisle in 1761 while a 74-gun ship served at the Battle of Trafalgar. Other battle honours include Walcheren 1809. An armored cru... |
Achilles | Gallery | Gallery |
Achilles | References | References |
Achilles | Further reading | Further reading
Ileana Chirassi Colombo (1977), "Heroes Achilleus – Theos Apollon". In Il Mito Greco, edd. Bruno Gentili and Giuseppe Paione. Rome: Edizione dell'Ateneo e Bizzarri.
Anthony Edwards (1985a), "Achilles in the Underworld: Iliad, Odyssey, and Æthiopis". Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies. 26: pp. 215–2... |
Achilles | External links | External links
Trojan War Resources
Gallery of the Ancient Art: Achilles
Poem by Florence Earle Coates
Category:Greek mythological heroes
Category:Kings of the Myrmidons
Category:Achaean Leaders
Category:Thessalians in the Trojan War
Category:Metamorphoses characters
Category:Mythological rapists
Category:Demig... |
Achilles | Table of Content | Short description, Etymology, Other names, Birth and early years, Physical description, Hidden on Skyros, In the Trojan War, Telephus, Troilus, In the ''Iliad'', Penthesilea and Memnon, Achilles and Patroclus, Death, Fate of Achilles' armour, Achilles, Ajax and a game of ''petteia'', Worship and heroic cult, Reception ... |
Abraham Lincoln | Short description | Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War, defeating the Confederate States of America and playing a major role in the abolition of slavery.
Lincoln was bor... |
Abraham Lincoln | Family and childhood | Family and childhood |
Abraham Lincoln | Early life | Early life
Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a log cabin on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky. The second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, he was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from England to Massachusetts in 1638, and of the Harrison family of ... |
Abraham Lincoln | Education and move to Illinois | Education and move to Illinois
Lincoln was largely self-educated. His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers. It included two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to read, but probably not to write. After moving to Indiana at age seven, he attended school only sporadically, for a total of less than 12 month... |
Abraham Lincoln | Marriage and children | Marriage and children
thumb|alt=Black-and-white photo of a woman with two young boys|Mary Todd Lincoln with Willie and Tad
Some historians, such as Michael Burlingame, identify Lincoln's first romantic interest as Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he moved to New Salem. Lewis Gannett, however, disputes that the evidence... |
Abraham Lincoln | Early vocations and militia service | Early vocations and militia service
In 1831, Thomas moved the family to a new homestead in Coles County, Illinois, after which Abraham struck out on his own. He made his home in New Salem, Illinois, for six years. During 1831 and 1832, Lincoln worked at a general store in New Salem. He gained a reputation for streng... |
Abraham Lincoln | Early political offices and prairie lawyer | Early political offices and prairie lawyer |
Abraham Lincoln | Illinois state legislature (1834–1842) | Illinois state legislature (1834–1842)
thumb|Lincoln's home in Springfield, Illinois, where he resided from 1844 until becoming president in 1861
Lincoln's second state house campaign in 1834, this time as a Whig, was a success over a powerful Whig opponent. He served four terms in the Illinois House of Representativ... |
Abraham Lincoln | U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849) | U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)
Lincoln professed to friends in 1861 to be "an old line Whig, a disciple of Henry Clay". Their party favored economic modernization in banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements such as railroads, and urbanization. In 1843, Lincoln sought the Whig nomination for Illinois's... |
Abraham Lincoln | Prairie lawyer | Prairie lawyer
In his Springfield practice, Lincoln handled "virtually every kind of business that could come before a prairie lawyer". He dealt with many transportation cases in the midst of the nation's western expansion, particularly river barge conflicts under the new railroad bridges. As a riverboat man, Lincoln ... |
Abraham Lincoln | Republican politics (1854–1860) | Republican politics (1854–1860) |
Abraham Lincoln | Emergence as Republican leader | Emergence as Republican leader
thumb|upright|Lincoln in 1858, the year of his debates with Stephen Douglas over slavery
The Compromise of 1850 failed to alleviate tensions over slavery between the slave-holding South and the free North. As the slavery debate in the Nebraska and Kansas territories became particularly ... |
Abraham Lincoln | 1856 campaign | 1856 campaign
Violent political confrontations in Kansas continued, and opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act remained strong throughout the North. As the 1856 elections approached, Lincoln joined the Republicans and attended the Bloomington Convention, where the Illinois Republican Party was established. The convent... |
Abraham Lincoln | ''Dred Scott v. Sandford'' | Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott was a slave whose master took him from a slave state to a territory that was free as a result of the Missouri Compromise. After Scott was returned to the slave state, he petitioned a federal court for his freedom. His petition was denied in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857). Supreme Cou... |
Abraham Lincoln | Lincoln–Douglas debates and Cooper Union speech | Lincoln–Douglas debates and Cooper Union speech
thumb|left|Abraham Lincoln, a portrait by Mathew Brady taken February 27, 1860, the day of Lincoln's Cooper Union speech in New York City
In 1858, Douglas was up for re-election in the U.S. Senate, and Lincoln hoped to defeat him. Many in the party felt that a former Whi... |
Abraham Lincoln | 1860 presidential election | 1860 presidential election
alt= Lincoln being carried by two men on a long board. |thumb|The Rail Candidate, a critical Currier and Ives illustration, which depicted Lincoln's platform in the 1860 presidential campaign as being held up by a slave and his party
On May 9–10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Conventi... |
Abraham Lincoln | Presidency (1861–1865) | Presidency (1861–1865) |
Abraham Lincoln | First term | First term |
Abraham Lincoln | Secession and inauguration | Secession and inauguration
The South was outraged by Lincoln's election, and secessionists implemented plans to leave the Union before he took office in March 1861. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina adopted an ordinance of secession; by February 1, 1861, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas ... |
Abraham Lincoln | Personnel | Personnel
In the selection and use of his cabinet Lincoln employed the strengths of his rivals in a manner that emboldened his presidency. Lincoln commented on his thought process, "We need the strongest men of the party in the Cabinet. We needed to hold our own people together. I had looked the party over and conclud... |
Abraham Lincoln | Commander-in-Chief | Commander-in-Chief
thumb|alt=President Abraham Lincoln in 1862|Portrait of Lincoln 1862
In early April 1861, Major Robert Anderson, commander of Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina, advised that he was nearly out of food. After considerable debate, Lincoln decided to send provisions; he "could not be sure that... |
Abraham Lincoln | Early Union military strategy | Early Union military strategy
Lincoln took executive control of the war and shaped the Union military strategy. He responded to the unprecedented political and military crisis as commander-in-chief by exercising unprecedented authority. He expanded his war powers, imposed a blockade on Confederate ports, disbursed fun... |
Abraham Lincoln | General McClellan | General McClellan
alt=Lincoln among a group of soldiers in a military camp|thumb|Lincoln meeting with Union Army officers on October 3, 1862, following the Battle of Antietam, including left to right: Col. Delos Sackett; 4. Gen. George W. Morell; 5. Alexander S. Webb, Chief of Staff, V Corps; 6. McClellan;. 8. Jonatha... |
Abraham Lincoln | Emancipation Proclamation | Emancipation Proclamation
Before Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, two Union generals issued their own emancipation orders, but Lincoln overrode both: he found that the decision to emancipate was not within the generals' power, and that it might upset loyal border states enough for them ... |
Abraham Lincoln | Gettysburg Address (1863) | Gettysburg Address (1863)
alt=Text of the Gettysburg Address|thumb|Gettysburg Address engraved in the Lincoln Memorial
Lincoln spoke at the dedication of the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery on November 19, 1863. In 272 words, taking only three minutes, Lincoln asserted that the nation was "conceived in Liberty, and de... |
Abraham Lincoln | Promoting General Grant | Promoting General Grant
General Ulysses Grant's victories at the Battle of Shiloh and in the Vicksburg campaign impressed Lincoln. Responding to criticism of Grant after Shiloh, Lincoln said, "I can't spare this man. He fights." Meade's failure to capture Lee's army after Gettysburg and Grant's success at Chattanooga ... |
Abraham Lincoln | Fiscal and monetary policy | Fiscal and monetary policy
thumb|alt=Both sides of a one-dollar bill|One dollar "Greenback"
After the Battle of Fort Sumter, Lincoln and Secretary of the Treasury Salmon Chase faced the challenge of funding a wartime economy. Congress quickly approved Lincoln's request to assemble a 500,000-man army, but it initially ... |
Abraham Lincoln | Foreign policy | Foreign policy
Lincoln had "limited familiarity with diplomatic practices" but had a "substantial influence on U.S. diplomacy" as the Union attempted to avoid war with Britain and France. At the start of the war, Russia was the lone great power to support the Union, while the other European powers had varying degrees ... |
Abraham Lincoln | Native Americans | Native Americans
The Lincoln administration faced difficulties guarding Western settlers, railroads, and telegraph from Native American attacks. On August 17, 1862, the Dakota War broke out in Minnesota. Hundreds of settlers were killed and 30,000 were displaced from their homes. Some feared incorrectly that it might ... |