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sevran sevran is a commune it is found in the seinesaintdenis department in france sonsonate department sonsonate is a department in el salvador the capital city is also named sonsonate angical do piauí angical do piauí is an brazilian municipality in the state of piauí munster cheese munster cheese munstergéromé or alsatian menschterkaas is a soft cheese from vosges it is produced in the village with the same name it is made from the milk of cows sanghen sanghen is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france
howe texas howe is a town in the us state of texas prutting prutting is a municipality in rosenheim a district landkreis in upper bavaria litoria mucro litoria mucro is a frog from new guinea scientists saw it in the torricelli mountains in papua new guinea and in cenderawash bay in indonesia scientists say this frog is related tolitoria nigropunctata zhemgang district zhemgang district is one of the 20 districts in bhutan the administrative centre is zhemgang jigme singye wangchuck national park and royal manas national park are both in the district there are eight village blocks sawbridgeworth sawbridgeworth is a small town in england it is in hertfordshire it is on a main road between harlow and bishops stortford
seattle art museum the seattle art museum commonly known assam is an art museum in seattle washington usa it has three major facilities the first is the main museum in downtown seattle the second is the seattle asian art museum saam in volunteer park on capitol hill the third is the olympic sculpture park on the central seattle waterfront nimbaphrynoides nimbaphrynoides is a genus of true toads they live in the highlands in the mount nimba region of the west african countries of guinea liberia and côte divoire they are critically endangered due to habitat loss and iron and bauxite mining in their small ranges the two species are viviparous this means they have internal fertilisation the female gives birth to fully developed tiny toadletsnectophrynoidesandnimbaphrynoidesare the only frogstoads that do not lay eggs goshen vermont goshen is a town in addison county vermont united states pci express peripheral component interconnect express pci express officially abbreviated as pcie or pcie is a highspeed serial computer expansion bus standard designed to replace the older pci pcix and agp bus standards it is the common motherboard interface for personal computersgraphics cards hard disk drive host adapters ssds wifi and ethernet hardware connections raj koothrappali rajeshrajramayan koothrappali phd is a fictional character on the cbs television seriesthe big bang theory he is played by british indian actor kunal nayyar he is one out of 4 characters who appear in every episode of the big bang theory howard wolowitz leonard hofstadter and sheldon cooper raj has a doctorate in astrophysics his best friend howard is an astronaut and has been on the international space station iss
molinchart molinchart is a commune it is found in the region picardie in the aisne department in the north of france entomophagy entomophagy is a term of ancient greek origins and means using insects as a source of food it can be found in insects that eat other insects birds amphibians and mammals nonhuman animals that feed on insects are known as insectivores the term also describes human insecteating which can be found in parts of north central and south america africa asia the middle east australia and new zealand insecteating is uncommon or even taboo in some societies hemopneumothorax hemopneumothorax is a medical problem where the lung is damaged and the chest fills up with air and blood it is treated by opening the chest and putting in a chest drain this can only be done by paramedics or doctors a hemopneumothorax often happens after high speed crashes and penetrating chest wounds gunn city missouri gunn city is a village in cass county missouri united states altendorf schwyz altendorf is a municipality in march district in the canton of schwyz in switzerland
persistent organic pollutant persistent organic pollutants pops are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical biological and photolytic processes for this reason they persist in the environment for a long time they can be transported over long distances and bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue when going up a food chain there will be larger amounts of these substances for this reason they have a large impact on human health and the environment many pops are currently or were in the past used as pesticides others are used in industrial processes and in the production goods such as solvents polyvinyl chloride and pharmaceuticals there are a few natural sources of pops most pops are created by humans in industrial processes either intentionally or as byproducts arfakiana tree frog the arfakiana tree frog litoria arfakiana is a tree frog from papua new guinea it lives in hills and mountains above the coastal plains monnières loireatlantique monnières is a commune it is in the pays de la loire region in the loireatlantique department in western france velpur velpur is a village in india it is in the state of andhra pradesh in the west godavari district doctor of science doctor of science is often abbreviated as scd dsc sd or ds it is an academic research degree because most scientists qualify as a phd the degree is not often awarded sometimes it is used as a higher doctorate and sometimes as an honorary degree
list of people from los angeles the following is a list of notable people who were either born in are current residents of or are otherwise closely associated with or from the city of los angeles california usa those not born in los angeles have their places of birth listed instead los angeles natives are also referred to asangelenos heysham heysham is a large coastal village near lancaster lancashire england it overlooks morecambe bay it is a ferry port with services to the isle of man and ireland heysham nuclear power station is at heysham lamorak sir lamorak is a legendary character in the king arthur stories he is one of the knights of the round table his father is king pellinore his brothers are percival tor and aglovale his cousin is sir pinel le savage lamorak was known for his strength and fiery temper and fought off thirty knights on at least two occasions thomas malory refers to him as arthurs third best knight only lower than lancelot and tristan bimenes bimenes is a municipality in asturias spain nso group nso group is an israeli company that makes spyware called pegasus pegasus can spy on a telephone without the person using it knowing nso says that they only work with governments to help stop crime and terror pegasus has been used to spy on people like activists and journalists in different countries it was also used for spying in pakistan and for police spying in israel
moutiers meurtheetmoselle moutiers is a commune it is in grand est in the meurtheetmoselle department in northeast france takahiko sumida is a japanese professional athlete he is best known as an association football player actuary actuaries are people who are experts in mathematics probability economics and finance who figure out how much money businesses should charge for making promises to pay for something that may or may not happen history hundreds of years ago when people got sick or died it cost a lot of money to take care of them or bury them people had the idea of joining their money together to help each other out this was called pooling eventually people started to make a business out of collecting enough money to help people who had big problems figuring out how much money needed to be collected from people to be used if problems happened was not easy over hundreds of years the math needed for this was developed by many people from all over the world today actuaries use computers to figure out problems that were too difficult before work actuaries now work in many places most work for insurance companies but others work in all kinds of finance companies actuaries still figure out how much money needs to be paid for life insurance as well as other kinds of money promises like pensions car insurance house insurance and similar actuaries also work with companies to figure out if making certain business deals are a good idea since actuaries work with figuring out what the probabilities are of different business situations happening tests people who want to be actuaries need to take many tests the tests are not the same in different parts of the world mungu ibariki afrikamungu ibariki afrikagod bless africa is the national anthem of tanzania it has the same tune asnkosi sikeleliafrika brunnenthal austria brunnenthal is a municipality in schärding in the austrian state of upper austria
alzette the alzette is a river in france and luxembourg it is a right tributary of the sauer river and so it is part of the drainage basin of the rhine river the alzette river is sung inons heemecht the national anthem of luxembourg geography the alzette river has a length of but only of them are in france its drainage basin has an area of most of it in luxembourg course the alzette has its source in france in the territory of thecommuneof thil in the department of meurtheetmoselle lorraine at an altitude of about it passes through the frenchcommunesof villerupt and audunletiche after a few kilometers the alzette enters luxembourg flowing through the city of eschsuralzette oreschanderalzig at lameschmillen near bergem it is joined by the mess river it flows on a wide floodplain before getting into a narrow valley near hesperange then it flows through the luxembourgish cities of luxembourg where it is joined by the pétrusse river and mersch where is joined by the mamer and eisch rivers it joins as a right tributary the sauer river near ettelbruck at about of altitude main tributaries the main tributaries of the alzette rivers are left tributaries those that join the river by the right side are very small streams fakir a fakir or faqir is a sufi who performs feats of endurance or magic the word comes fromfaqr meaningpoverty in english the word is often used for sufi mystics it can also be used to for a common street beggar who chants holy names scriptures or verses it has become a common urdu and hindi word forbeggar many stereotypes of the great fakir exist including a nearnaked man easily walking barefoot on burning coals sitting or sleeping on a bed of sharp nails floating in the air while meditating orliving on airrefusing all food gouyenartois gouyenartois is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france toner toner is a powder commonly used in photocopiers and laser printers to draw images and text onto paper the early forms of toner were just carbon powder modern toners mix carbon with a thermoplastic and other materials in early machines the user had to pour the toner into a reservoir on the machine itself current machines feed from a sealed cartridge which is normally a proprietary design although manufacturers try to make the process complicated empty cartridges are sometimes refilled by thirdparty vendors toner particles are melted by the heat of the fuser and bind to the paper health risks since toner is a fine dust it can remain in the air for a long time and is considered to have health effects similar to inert dust it can be very painful to people with respiratory conditions such as asthma or bronchitis impact on the environment many companies selling laser printers will also provide a way to return empty toner cartridges these are commonly reused with new toner today many toners have chips which tell the printer how much toner is left these chips also need to be reprogrammed when the toner is refilled diplocaulus diplocaulus meaningdouble stalk was an early amphibian now extinct it had a boomerangshaped head formed by two long bones at the back of the head it had four short legs and a short flattened tail it was about 3 feet 1 m long
suica the suica is a card that people can use to pay for train fares and goods at convenience stores in mainland japan as well as other store types and regions cash amount can be added or removed electronically simply by hovering the card over a card reader it is convenient and faster to use than coins and bills and magnetic stripe cards the technology used is called rfid and a chip by sony is used called felica western capercaillie the western capercaillie tetrao urogallus is a member of the grouse family it is also called the eurasian capercaillie wood grouse heather cock or just capercaillie it is found across europe and the palearctic it is sexually dimorphic it is a least concern species fosseux fosseux is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france maizièreslèsbrienne maizièreslèsbrienne is a commune of the aubedépartementin the northcentral part of france argentina provinces in argentina each of the twentythree federated states named in the constitution of the argentine nation is called a province which together with the autonomous city of buenos aires constitute the firstorder territorial divisions of the country the provinces have full autonomy are part of the nation and are legally prior to it according to the principles of federalism established in the national constitution
startupmanager startupmanager is a program to configure grub splash and splashy it was originally an ubuntu project but was later adapted to debian springfield georgia springfield is a city in the us state of georgia it is the county seat of effingham county albany county albany county is the name of two counties in the united states serbin texas serbin is an unincorporated community in southwestern lee county texas united states it is located about east of austin gemology gemology or gemmology is the science of dealing with natural and artificial gems and gemstones it is considered a geoscience and a branch of mineralogy some jewelers are trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems
galicianportuguese galicianportuguese is a branch of romance languages they were first spoken in northwestern iberia and spread to the south they are now spoken in all of portugal and northwestern spain the main two languages are galician and portuguese all galicianportuguese languages were once all the same language but have since split portuguese was spread to brazil during the colonial era and it is also now spoken there maulévrier maulévrier is a commune it is in pays de la loire in the maineetloire department in west france abigail kubeka abigail kubeka known nonzwaki khumalo is a south african born legend and actress she stars the role ofzondiwe mogaleon generationsthe legacy other website abigail kubeka white pages montrelais montrelais is a commune it is in the pays de la loire region in the loireatlantique department in western france caraway arkansas caraway is a city in the us state of arkansas
baylis illinois baylis is a village in illinois in the united states rice and curry rice and curry is a popular dish in the indian subcontinent as well as in sri lanka and bangladesh rice and curry dinner has these dishes the southern cuisines use ingredients like dried fish which are local to the area the spicier preparations are believed to be among the worlds hottest in terms of chilli content second only to sylheti while natives are born into this cuisine and develop a tolerance to spicy food many visitors and tourists to the country often find the spiciness excessive as a result many local restaurants in developed and tourist areas offer special lowspice versions of local foods to cater to foreign palates or have an alternativewesternmenu for visitors and tourists clipboard computing the clipboard is the part of a computers memory that can be used to temporarily store something when users copy users can paste the copied data to another place it is used in copy and paste operations in computing trauna river tree frog the trauna river tree frog litoria oenicolen is a frog from papua new guinea scientists saw it in western highlands province some scientists say this frog is related to arfakiana tree frog and other scientists say it is related to pratts tree frog head the head is the part of the body where the brain is which is protected and surrounded by the cranium which is part of the skull it is also where the face is which has a lot of your senses like seeing and hearing not all animals have heads like worms or a lot of other things that dont have symmetrical bodies from top to bottom in medicine some people get pains in their head occasionally known as headaches also some people have worse pains in their head called migraines some people heal peoples heads sometimes these people are special kinds of doctors called neurologists or head and neck doctors uses different things may be worn on the head for example a headband or a hat other meanings aheadin english can also mean a person in charge of something such as the head of a company also the wordheadcan also mean the front of something an example of this is the wordheadline meaning large words on the front page of a newspaper
bradford arkansas bradford is a city in the us state of arkansas pitbull pitbull might mean crab rangoon crab rangoon are deepfried dumplings they are served in american chinese restaurants they are stuffed with a combination of cream cheese lightly flaked crab meat with scallions andor garlic these fillings are then wrapped in chinese wonton wrappers they are then deep fried in vegetable oil in the pacific northwest states of america crab rangoon are also known as crab puffs national crab rangoon day is october 2nd santa cruz county santa cruz county is the name of two counties in the united states provinces of spain there are fifty parts of spain called provinces they are
declaration of rights and grievances the declaration of rights and grievances was a document that made it official that taxes forced on british colonists without their formal consent were not lawful this was especially for the stamp act which required that documents newspapers and playing cards were to be printed on special stamped and taxed paper telemachus telemachos or latin telemachus is a person in greek mythology he is the son of odysseus of ithaca and penelope while odysseus was trying return home many believed him to be dead suitors surrounded his home trying to claim penelope as their wife athena came to telemachus in disguise and gave him advice she told him to search for evidence that his father was still alive if he was alive he could force the suitors away however if he believed his father to be dead he would let one of the suitors claim her he gathered a search party and set out to question many of the people odysseus served with in the war he decided that his father was dead telemachos held a competition for the suitors to claim penelope odysseus showed up in secret won the competition and rejoined his family coussegrey coussegrey is a commune in aube in northcentral france moyencourtlèspoix moyencourtlèspoix is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france egyptology egyptology is the study of ancient egypt it falls under both history and archaeology someone who studies or works in this field is called an egyptologist
carson kentucky carson is an unincorporated community located in gallatin county kentucky united states it was also known as bramelette montpinier montpinier is a commune it is in occitanie in the tarn department in south france sapiosexuality sapiosexuality is a sexual identity to describe individuals whose sense of attraction is tied to intellect intelligence or intellectual connections between persons jurchen people the jurchens were a tungusic people who lived in manchuria in presentday northeast china they were known as jurchens until the 17th century when they became known as themanchu the jurchens established the jin dynasty the jurchen wanyan yingges paternal nephew wanyan wuyashu however fought against the koreans forcing them to submit and recognize jurchens as overlords afterpacifyingthe border between the koreans and jurchens the joseon dynasty of korea placed great value on a policy ofneighborly relationsgyorinorkyorin with the jurchen people furcula furcula the sallow kitten furcula furcula is a moth from the family notodontidae they can be found in europe and the north of iran they are attracted to light the flight period ranges from april to the end of august the moth has two generations per year
apostatic selection apostatic selection is frequencydependent selection by predators it applies when prey are two or more forms morphs which look quite different this is a kind of polymorphic species where the predator learns to select the more common form then there is an advantage in looking different and this advantage keeps the frequency above the mutation rate the second form ormorph becomes better known by predators as its number increases so the population tends to have a kind of balance between the frequency of the two morphs apostatic selection is similar to the idea of prey switching apostatic selection is the term used when the different forms are genetic morphs in comparisonprey switchingis used when describing the predators choice between different species sly cooper character sly cooper is the titular protagonist of the video game series of the same name he is voiced by kevin miller in all of his appearances biography sly cooper was raised by his father conner cooper who taught him about his thieving heritage from the book called the thievius raccoonus on a night he was supposed to keep the book a group of villains known as the fiendish five lead by clockwerk killed conner and kept the book sly was sent to an orphanage and met a smart turtle named bentley and a hippo named murray personality sly is suave hip and likable at the same time office of strategic services the office of strategic services oss was a wartime intelligence agency of the united states during world war ii it was the predecessor of the modern central intelligence agency cia pornographic movie actor a pornographic actoractress or a porn star is somebody who appears in pornographic movies jenna jameson ron jeremy marilyn chambers and linda lovelace are some famous porn stars wintersmith wintersmith is a fantasy novel by terry pratchett and the third discworld book to have tiffany aching as the protagonist in it the discworlds spirit of winter falls in love with tiffany and curses the discworld with everlasting winter to get her to love him
holler if ya hear meholler if ya hear meis the first single off american rapper 2pacs second studio albumstrictly 4 my niggaz the song samples the songsdo it any way you wannaby peoples choice andrebel without a pauseby public enemy the song is about frustrations with black poverty police injustice and shakurs perceived harassment from political figure dan quayle the editor ofvibewas quoted in time as stating that the song struck a chord with a large section of disaffected youth whitten iowa whitten is a city in iowa in the united states database administrator a database administrator is someone who is a admin or knows about the database databases being mysql phpmyadmin and etc they have the most access if you use a database because well then are a admin higher education higher education is after secondary education through attending college a higher degree or title can be gained generally people must be 18 years old or over to enter higher education they also need to have completed primary school and secondary education usually some kind of selection is used exams can be of state local or university level sometimes no selection exists some open universities encourage older adults to apply whether they were good at school or not preparation higher education is either professional or academic you can study for a diploma or a degree graduates can study for a masters or doctorate places of higher education were traditionally called universities but there are other names like institute teaching training college academy conservatory and polytechnic the names depend on the country other functions research work is done at this level colleges often also reach out to employers and offer cultural or sporting events open to the local community role in society the importance of higher education in society changes according to the country for example in many countries a student goes to university to obtain a diploma for work but university is also often a time during which the student learns to be independent students also learn to mix with people of different origins and to grow as people richer students can study in a place far from their hometown but kids from poor neighbourhoods may be unable to afford college at all without a scholarship of some kind willem ii tilburg willem ii also known as willem ii tilburg is a dutch football club they are based in tilburg netherlands
king city california king city is a city in monterey county california united states st francis arkansas st francis is a city in the us state of arkansas colmars colmars or colmarslesalpes is a commune in the alpesdehauteprovence department in southeastern france there are two other hamlets in the commune clignonhaut and clignonbas brown county brown county is the name of nine counties in the united states burrowing parakeet the burrowing parakeet binomial name cyanoliseus patagonus also known as the patagonian conure or burrowing parrot is a species of parrot in the psittacidae family it is found in argentina chile falkland islands south georgia and the south sandwich islands and uruguay it lives in subtropical or tropical dry shrubland subtropical or tropical highaltitude shrubland and pastureland
center city commuter connection the center city commuter connection is an underground train tunnel in philadelphia pennsylvania it connects the core septa stations jefferson station suburban station and 30th street station the stations connect the networks of rail previously operated by the reading railroad and pennsylvania railroad happiness pump a happiness pump is an idea in philosophy a happiness pump is someone who will do anything to make other people happy even if it makes them very unhappy themselves they have turned themselves into a machine apump that makes happiness the happiness pump is a way of showing problems in utilitarianism utilitarianism is a moral philosophy it is a way of deciding which actions are good and which are bad in utilitarianism actions that make more happiness or stop pain are good actions that stop happiness or make pain are bad in utilitarianism it does not matter who is becoming happier or feeling less pain that means that in utilitarianism helping strangers is good the happiness pump is a person who has taken utilitarianism too far and will give themselves lots of pain so long as they believe it makes other people somewhere in the world much happier the happiness pump is only an idea philosopher joshua david greene says it is almost impossible to be a happiness pump for real people who even tried would give up in popular culture a happiness pump character is on one episode of the television showthe good place persian romani persian romani also known as ghorbatiqorbati is a persian and romani mixed language spoken in khorasan iran afghanistan and pakistan as well as central asia uzbekistan tajikistan turkmenistan and kyrgyzstan it has mostly persian vocabulary with a few additional native romani words er er the the sort of way in which were going to recover the yeah the figure yeah the way were going to recover it first is on that right but so i want to i want to work out whats involved there ill go at something like twenty per cent so itll come out about twenty pound fifty something right like that ill go in at first ill see how much thats gonna be which is about seven hundred pounds yeah and ill work that into the five per cent and it may reduce the erm period of time to five months say or four yeah months but ill work it out yeah and ill say to him right okay well give you the five per cent r reduction for only eight months of the year yeah yeah but this bearing goes up to this price and in ef yeah in effect what youre doing is helping us out with the cost that we incurred in getting it and the help that weve done you right right ive got the price of that product up and also get him his reduction after a period of time right yeah when youre when youre talking about what its cost us to get him those bearings right er the figure is well over a thousand pounds right this simple bit is the overtime mm the overtime that we worked is about thirty five hours at six pounds an hour we had three additional setups mhm er those were only the setups o as a result of breaking something else down and putting this bearing on yeah it had nothing to do with s with the the setups involved in splitting the batch right okay okay so so youve got there three a at erm three three seven an yeah seven and a half hours two and a half hours for setup at twenty eight pounds an hour mm right so youve got a youve got another hundred and fifty quid there or so mm at least a hundred innit yeah so then then youve got the thing that is not measured which we cant measure is the disrupti the the cost of the disruption to all the other customers who whos batches have been put back mm as a result yeah and now that is immeasurable mm but it costs yeah mm and and so erm and if you double the figure that youve got there mm you may be getting somewhere near mm yeah okay so so twelve hundred quid so a thousand twelve hundred quid is the sort of is the sort of minimum figure you yeah should be talking about right er and when he says well h how the hell do you make that up well ill give you the easy bit thats manufacturing hes not daft hell know yeah its gonna cost something like that yeah so yeah fine erm and yeah i just want to get the emphasis back onto that one first and the products we accepted it and weve got to live with it at some point in time but the longer i can put that off the better but the majority of the advantage i make i want to be put into the i i would yes i would suggest that when you when you do this five per cent thing erm make your make your even if its three per cent make your price adjustment make your price adjustment soon mm make it now mm and say well well hold that for five months but then well go back to the yeah yeah well restrict it instead of going into the full year instead of to the higher price for the end of the year well well instead of doing it might say well just do it the end of the year ill see what i can get from him yeah right yeah alright and and er weve then contributed to his cost down mhm because over all his situation will be better yeah and er well have given it him i mean on his on his total cost hell be down yeah right and well have given him a clue for how to budget for next year as well the e r c one er for this extra ceramic that is separate ive got to do that as export so leave that with me okay that that is out right that is out the equation its er one thing ive got to haggle with graham on right that will be i wont get an instant reaction well i will but it maybe not that er this is erm the the ceramic cage ceramic balls right this is a new thing for experimental work that were doing for them is it er well its not a new thing weve be weve been making ceramic ball bearings for a while yeah weve have a e r c for about six months now er weve come to the end of some of the trials they want to run one up to see what the maximum speed is well of course thats gonna destroy it yeah so but they want to do cooking trials as well actual cooking trials they cincinnati yes at cincinnati in the new development shop yeah so what weve got is another set put through now youre talking about five hundred quid for the set of three bearings so im saying to graham come on were helping you you are helping us obviously im not gonna deny the fact youre helping us with our research yeah yeah but er you know weve gotta have a sensible price with them gotta be reasonable with it so i need some help on that were giving him wh if he gives me three or four hundred quid youve given him one set already have you or weve used one set at e r c well and weve used it for well answer is yes but im you know its making sure you get the business you know come on if were gonna be partners its gotta be equal not er yeah so anyway yeah i ive gotta do that with graham er right okay no problem with that right steve has offered two per cent whereas before nothing yeah er last year the budget was thirty k at thirty seven per cent and we actually did forty k at thirty seven per cent and there is another five and a half k to come in from now thats closed so theres a bit more business right drifting in so weve got potentially forty five with that being such a low figure this year tends to be quite cyclical yeah you know one years quite low thirty five forty thousand next year sixty five yeah you tend to get that yeah spread so next year i think is potentially hoping that its gonna come whether the recession knocks it back a bit i dont know but er there is potential for fifty k plus at reasonable margins seven per cent so you know hes offered two per cent and theyre not giving it out to many people the only reason hes giving it to us is cos hes thinks that we didnt have an increase last year hes forgotten that we did but im not gonna tell him that er if w if we we did get an right well increase last year actually well i think if he knew that hed turn round and say get lost i think i think what you what you need to do is to push him right if h er how much nego er what whats the situation at the moment you said three per cent have you youre gonna go in at th you went for four i i i went for four i went for four he said he said zilch so i said well come on youve gotta be reasonable with me so i spoke to him last week and he says look you didnt have one last year so ill give you two and he says its more than ive given the others because they did have an increase hed forgotten that we did have an increase the only problem is well precision market at the minute is are playing silly buggers have given me a a bit of grief because the theyre on a very similar price level now to us mhm because theyre being supported by but are coming in theyre quoting three or four per cent underneath er at theyre ten per cent underneath and historically a couple of years ago youre talking two or three times the price their prices at one period probably about the mid to late eighties doubled and trebled in price whos marketing its its er their part of arent they thats what i was thinking yeah but their prices now are are they being are they being marketed by no its whove called in to yeah andy hes e hes now you know so ive got a well problem with them er in so much as i mean i must admit with these increases i appreciate your need to get the extra profits and im looking at the ones where i think we can push them to get a bit more but there are others where you know im e im very reluctant to to get involved i mean right for example well we budgeted twenty k at sixty two per cent margin were actually eighteen at sixty five per cent margin now you cant screw people like that no and lets just lets just go and they have really back to yeah er how many part numbers do we sell to sorry how many part numbers do we sell to er about twelve plus standard bearings as well on top of that right erm can you push him up on the standard bearings very doubtful er the group will buy european rubbish if they have to right erm can we can you as part of the discussion can you start off by saying well thank you very much for the call that you gave me last week but erm erm theres theres just a couple of sizes id like to talk talk to you about mhm what try and get it back on some and try and squeeze a few back a bit further yes okay yeah aha yeah ill have a look see ill have a product the problem is i cant say that at the minute cos i havent got my print done im having a yearly detailed print done of last year yeah john was just running it for me now so ill pick it up on the way home tonight you see but ive had to have this run right for other reasons i e the industrial stock yeah put the onus back on me now to say what of that stock we want to keep before they throw it away right yeah so ive had to have this print run of detailed customer parts by quantity for ninety three right yeah unfortunately ive not been able to have it done yet other people have been jumping in and getting print left right and centre right but but but thats coming tonight that thats coming to then i can start to look in more detail right well i i mean i think that thats the way to thats the way to try and squeeze yeah yeah try and get a few on others take on well yes what what youve got to try and do is to divide and rule get the overall number up yeah yeah get the overall number up by erm by er focusing on a few okay and and i mean obviously to begin with you dont give away on anything no no erm and er thats thats the way er tom okay thank you je ne comprends pas exactly yeah right so youre gonna try and divide him and rule him right just ive just had a a quick word with maureen this is another thing thats come up on the industrial side i mentioned to steve last year at the end of last year saying look its coming up to then id be looking after you for both products and what i want to do is have a look at all the standard bearings you take to see if there is potential for a supply yeah what hes done is stuffed an order through for a six three o eight yeah at like half price less than erm a six three o seven that we supply already because its the price so i knew this would come up but i didnt realize hed be jumping onto the bandwagon that quick so that the six three o eight was a product that had supplied had supplied yeah at about four pound eighty i think the price is yeah well of course the six three o seven we supply at about nine pounds so ive got a problem so why did he come to why did he come to for the six three o seven because it was one that we were doing with in conjunction with an e p three bearing special b j seven thousand or e x p what and they were matched in some way well no we had a matched pair of a pair of precision e p bearings radials at the front i mean they use a pair of radials right together right erm and because they like to keep the same manufacturer on one shaft if they could they took out six three o seven for the back end well of course part of ask for an e p three supply it part of part of the erm part of that issue says that of course all the prices that hes got tho theyve all gone up eight per cent because prices have gone up eight per cent across the board right so so the price as was before doesnt exist its is no longer valid right now erm we will have to look at the situation with regard to the er all the other ones and well do an analysis what are the volumes and so on and what other what other popular metric bearings weve got an opportunity to right are you buying from anybody else because can we do a deal on the whole lot right thats what i was trying to get yeah erm you see ive got the prob i mean my initial reaction is i mean i ive got no strong feeling to say weve got to supply product the stuff its cheaper we make more money sod it erm well of course even the product is product no yeah when it is our product its a d five if its its d six if its but erm i dont care which is what it is no to be honest no erm but er i have the problem with trying to balance up which way to go i mean obviously id like to sell it all at price levels but theres get away with that of course you w of course you would of course you would and it may be that what you will have to say is well look erm i gave you the four per cent on the on the precision types and that that really has to stay but by the time we by the time weve done all the analysis on the er on the popular metrics it will work out that it is is is only two per cent right okay because of because of the because of the erm er ups and downs thats all so i yeah leave that with me ill ill get in contact with steve and ill try and get this list sorted where you can be a bit where you think youve got a technical issue to sell mm which is on the precision ones yeah erm even if its slightly over engineered mm try and push it yeah okay where where you know that he can go out to the market for a popular metric bearing and and slaughter the old price yeah yeah then youve got youve got to beware yeah sure but but dont give it away for nothing mm the thing the thing that youve got to avoid is getting into a situation where youve where where you you say to him oh well okay two per cent and then he comes back to you and saysbut what about this six three o eight mm and what about the six three yeah o sevencome on fellas the six three o sevens gotta be cheaper than the six three o eight yeah yeah erm and and you get yourself into a into a hole mm mm so i i think youve got to open it up by separating the two bits of business the bit thats special yeah and and thats thats going four per cent the bit which of course basically going eight per cent right but if if you end up with all the popular metric business at somewhere around the sort of equivalent price level margin level that youve got that business at mhm then you stand a chance in being able to show him nothing more than two per cent right do you see what im getting at yeah yeah yeah i know that but youve actually got youve manoeuvred him there in such a way that he might be prepared to accept that yeah fine okay right so ill get in contact with him and well sort that then erm is one theyve been in a very similar position to in so much as competitions forced them to cost down dramatically i mean yeah youre talking a third more they get all they get promised orders right up until a month before switch on time and then it goes and they really do have problems with getting customers to promise an order for up the line and keep it yeah competition turn arounds gonna chop another ten per cent off erm and the fact that were making over sixty per cent margin i is good business for us in such okay its only twenty k but potentially longer term when the recovery comes theyre gonna be spindle bearings yeah only spindle bearings er no its for er screw support bearings and spindle bearings there are some s f t twenties and stuff like that as well but those dont show in these figures you see ive gotta look at them separately cos i havent got the industrial yet erm right so but but basically we s we screwem and weve got you know that is actually a lot lower than it used to be because we they actually caught us charging them three hundred and fifty quid for a bearing that were now charging them two hundred and fifty quid for so you can imagine what margin that used to be i mean were talking eighty per cent yeah you start to feel a little uncomfortable especially knowing what are always in there stuarts always on the door cos he lives in keighley yeah he lives round the corner yeah hes well in there but not got the business by er trading off but its a good technical business to have for other people as well to know about we deal with we deal with names theyre all names to be connected with yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah what what have you said to at the moment er all ive said is yes i understand your position ill go away and talk to tom about it r right have you have you given him a figure have you put a figure on the table at all no i said four four from the letter and its been left at that its four from the letter its four from the letter i havent reduced anything yet so he he hes got four all hes said is nothing right i must admit im in that right one particularly with the margins on im reluctant to whats his payment terms thirty days normal thirty days yeah right erm is there anything else that you might be able to get out of him if you concede not really erm is there any other business that not really no what do you do where does he get his screws from hydrostatic er we cant compete cant touch them never can we not no our buying costs higher thans selling price sometimes very difficult right have their quality problems thats where you can score over but the prices are very very low and tend to pick them up i i quoted for a rolled screw once yeah and my buying price from im talking about a year and half ago was higher thans quoted price for a ground bore screw it was just so yeah mm have a problem all of their own and i dont intend to drag that into it im im happier to stand away ands going in on friday mhm im happier to stand back and let him do his bit and ill do my bit as long as were talking to each other yeah as long as we know what the others doing yeah yeah but theyre prepared to let it stand as the prices are at the moment cos theyre under pressure ah with their own problems this supply and what have you ah apparently if click on one particular size that they can get it from that could wipe outs business cos as soon as they click one size thenll be in and wipe the floor with them thats the impression im getting and and theyre and theyre tending to back off not to invite the er the monitoring in effect the comparison now with and me its a different ball game well we we have this split oh okay first what do you think ill do the in a minute thats on the list so well i think i th i think you may may find yourself having to er er give way mm there erm youve got to put up a show oh yeah yeah and again er if you can if i get something on one of them to s to look as though ive right fought for it yes yeah and i have to walk away from the others yeah yeah and i mean you can you youve got to use the negotiating technique of come on fella you know im gonna get im gonna get chewed over if i dont oh yeah dont worry i do come away with something ive already told him im gonna get my arse kicked cos i havent for eight you see thats my yes theres my strong point straight away yes get a bit of sympathy cos ive been asked for eight by you thats right and ive already put a letter out saying four so ive had me arse kicked already yeah yeah yeah so im on the defensive so hes you know hes right so erm i if you can end up with two or if you can end up with i mean it may be more helpful for him if he gets if he gets a a a no increase on one size and an increase on the other and and actually out if him on a weaker size i will do but yeah with it being a higher margin im very loathe to er rock the cart whats he doing in the way of development er chris they dont they tend to i think its like a lot of people in the u k i mean youve got in the machine tools side but like on the on the side they use use hydrostatics so they they run on the oil you know like our h c f machines do on the shop floor erm but theyre in a position on a lot of the things like they use our precision p n p two bearings in their dressers yeah you know and things like that and bearings well the p three as we call then support bearings so you know th theyre using the most accurate bearing they can for what they use it for er on the spindle side you know its gonna stay the way of the hydrostatics cos of the damping ab capabilities of it so theres not its not an area where new machines coming along new ideas they tend to be variations on a theme cam grinders theyre not gonna change a lot reciprocating wheelcams things like that right right so get the opportunity for tom thank you hello dietrich right yes aha right right that figures that figures right okay yeah erm well well be erm er well be well be going for ten and and ill er ill let you know if anything else if anything else comes out of that okay and that sh we should have in the next day or two good thanks a lot dietrich bye so erm yes with with with er erm er you you need to encourage them to er think development the problem is with that the way they developed has gone towards the hydrostatics yes the problem with development on their machines is i can see it going away from normal bearings right to so so in a way theyre looking at the levels were at now is an accurate level using a high price item id be loathe to push them any f tilt them into a position where they say well you know could we use for the dresser you know what i mean well yeah but yeah but theres theres erm th theres a payoff between cost and accuracy and thats the thing isnt there erm what a erm have they have they thought about how theyre going to get the costs down within their machines mm and if so what are they you know what are they doing about it right could we could we set up a a a conversation on that on that subject because we might yeah we might be able to help we might be able to generate some ideas between us yeah which will help them okay yeah yeah you know so thats something that you can give yeah as a service part of the relationship yeah yeah erm as a a part of the service erm to to emphasize the fact that erm in principle we are we are committed to providing our customers with a service that enables them to be more competitive but weve got to get them to understand that that doesnt mean to say that our prices will always be the lowest mm it means to say that if we have the right relationship between us and our customers we get in a design stage yeah and and we can help them with our bearing experience mm engineering bearing experience we can help them choose a bearing which will enable them to be more competitive mm yeah okay yeah so i mean thats the sort of atmosphere that we weve got to try and yeah i know try and generate yeah i mean im not being cynical but thats very easy to say it is anyway its easier its a great deal easier to say than to do but but what youre trying to create in the guy is a bit of a warm feeling yeah yeah loyalty is a good thing and and erm but it only goes so far yeah er er there there is a there is a there is a world of difference between saying those words and giving giving your opposite number a w a warm feeling mm and actually doing anything achieving anything mm but i mean one of the things that weve got on with at the moment is that weve been saying for ages youve got to get your youve got to get us involved at design stage mm and theyve done absolutely bugger all about it so what have they done theyve designed in a bearing which which which is stupidly expensive mhm and if theyd started thinking about it at design stage we could have suggested them another bearing that would do the job and be a lot cheaper mhm so but they theyve missed it its too late yeah thats the thats the problem once youve actually designed the piece mm you cant go back tom oh hello arthur good afternoon to you yes yes yes i signed three times ill get him to re retransmit it to you i expect it probably got erm er stuck in the machine or something yeah okay arthur see you tomorrow bye kim shes not here er c carol could you could you organize page two of kims three page fax three page fax yeah he hes sent back er three pages of a fax that hed received and it looks as though its picked up the middle page okay to where to edgeware to edgeware air about airfreight about airfreight okay theres one page missing right okay right okay shed offered two straight away so im gonna try and get some more out of her i take it that is a special bearing i know shes had people look at it im gonna try and suss out how far shes got down that line as to having another source but i dont think she has the price we sell that at is quite low really yeah but we have budgeted it for eighty five k at thirty six per cent and we achieved a hundred and three at thirty eight right so er you certainly dont want to be giving in at at two per cent unless the volume were sures gonna be higher again this year right shes just put another o order on for about erm a big order so she says they usually put schedules on for fourteen month for the next ten months twelve months yeah so the orders on so ive got to try and argue the toss with her right erm we budgeted at fifteen k at forty three per cent we did twenty two but only at thirty six per cent cos the product mix changed yeah yeah they sold off their small tools division where we sold some bearings to them which we made good margins on thats the w d s small parts now standard parts yeah size six three o six six six three o two er fours erm ive had a word with kevin and he does recognize the fact that weve got to get something but he this was a week and a half ago and he said give me a couple of weeks i want to have a look at the figures and the mix and have a think about it and ill come back to you but he does want to get something sorted before the end of january so ill see what hes got to say right see what hes gonna say erm that is one where we er theres not a great value in sales as i say twenty two k but then again how values how valuable is valuable i dont you know to me twenty two k twenty two k twenty two ks worth having at thirty six per cent margin certainly yeah so you know i mean thats thats the er so ill see what kevin comes back to me with first mm where are we at with pain in the backside i spoke to today when i was over there just after lunch hes as confused as i am are an account that you can ne were never bottom of we used to have a very good relationship through a guy called ray mhm i knew him the problem is liked his golf right the problem is it was er like a guy called er norman at they got so close to him and knew him so well that nothing else mattered when he actually retired it left er a complete hole yeah yeah i mean and cert and we had the wrong contacts with the wrong people yeah at the wrong time and i said to peter guess who picked up the account just after that i said i said to peter and david back in nineteen ninety one i said weve got a big problem oh dont worry about it rayll see us right and bloody hell six months later ray retires and we are left in nineteen ninety two right but but yeah clearly we i mean were just not we had a very bad time with ken the buyer at first yeah at one point he said david was joking too much and i was too flippant yeah he did have a good go at us through shane erm but it wo oh it was j hes such a wanker honest i mean everybody we talk to who knows him yeah he really is erm the reps a bit of skirt hes well in apparently the the scheduler pauline i cant make her out she seems to be fairly u straight organized but it had got to the situation where i mean i didnt like it but it happened we were supplying six months of product and then was supplying six months mm there were two sizes seven o two o and seven o one o which is used on the a pair each end that we were a joint suppliers of with the seven two o five bearings on the ball screw the lead screw which were the seven stroke nines that we used to supply single source thats where the big bulk of our business came from and er er a standard e p seven at the other end a pair of seven two o fives mm which was joint source fortunately one of the good points about losing the seven stroke nine business is that pauline transferred some of the stock of that seven stroke nine bearing on to the other end cos they were replacing it with a radial theyre transferred that stock onto the other end product number and its carried over our list so weve actually picked up the seven two o five now as single source which is okay thats a nice bit about it the problem is were still j joint source on the other two and thats i i had a quick er look through last years sales and and laid out in fact i went through item deliveries and worked them into the months mm to get to see when we dropped off and you could see all ours coming up to about erm may time bang then the gap obviously when was supplying and it went to seven months because they did have a downturn in the business so it pushed the quantities back a bit yeah erm so it went to seven months and then you could see us switch back on time and we switched back on in about november so i thought oh thats great weve got the business through till april pauline rings up last week sent me a fax er with the schedule on and there was the seven o one os were missing off it so i rang up and said you know weve not got any schedule on these two bearings pauline oh ive just sent the fax to for a hundred pairs i said well i thought we were supplying now it was our turn to have the half year oh dear im sorry ill give you the other hundred from for february well thanks pauline but youve cost me how nay thousand pounds worth of business and to be honest they i im whether theyre stringing us along or not i dont know exactly the same position on he cant make them out he doesnt know how to handle them and i must admit with ken ken is is least to blame because he just puts the orders on pauline is the one who schedules it but the scheduling is just the swannee and trying to tie pauline down and how often does the schedule happen it comes out every fortnight i mean we might have an order three hundred but if they dont need any it just shows zero so were were stuck the problem is mm i always said to them i would much prefer to supply fifty per cent of the monthly usage spread it out throughout the year have half the business with every month so if they get twenty pairs we get twenty pairs if they get ten we get ten every month yeah yeah because the six month period that you get which is is reflected is coming th through now yeah lose contact with really where you are with them suddenly they come on cos they dont give as much notice theyre a pain in the bum yeah we try and keep a bit of stock up front so we dont annoy them you know so weve got something to react with yeah yeah but it catches us with our pants down and they go back to and blame us for it but certainly you lose your control over the schedule by the time it comes for us to switch it on they could say right we want twenty pairs a month at this sizedont know what theyre using because its been that long keeping an eye on them that they could be supplying half the business on our time with and then a hundred per cent the rest of the time mm and its difficult to t tr track it can you can you try and er erm make some er plea for erm factory stab on the basis of factory stability i have done but that erm that wed actually like so many per month and that that enables us to plan the factory yeah i i did it with pauline she she actually didnt mind doing it at one point before christmas but it hasnt come about and as she saidwont change it it wont happen i think were stuck with it now this half year supply business which i dont like at all and the fact that are four per cent cheaper than us and as soon as i mention and increase he says well if its dual source weve been told to look at the cheapest source of supply as single source and then you told me well are saying eight per cent something like that er i think i think probably they theyre going up a little bit later so right right so basically what what will happen is that they put this order on because theyre cheaper at the moment and the next one we shall be cheaper well be if we get our four per cent if we get our four per cent and they get eight per cent mm but then then then er then well be on a par do you know thatll put it up that much yes sure well not are they asking for it but have they got it because my one fear is saying yes we need four per cent thinking that are gonna go for eight ten or whatever to put us on a par well and go in for five well if and theyre still under us and then they dont create the problem oh no no no no but if the situation is such that er you what you say is that is the s the six months has now started has it no no not yet officially not yet but what she did she sent the fax to them and ordered a hundred pairs it was only when i rang her up to chase up what had happened to the she says oh dear ive sent it to the wrong one i cant say you stupid cow yeah you know you think i put the phone down but a hundred pairs for how long h thats a couple of well actually what it is the there was a hundred ninety and er then we had er she says but i want the hundred off you in february which was this was at the just bef just after christmas so youre talking a month yeah but you see they may take a hundred in one go and then leave it a month or so yeah yeah or two months i it theyre the drop theyre take it in isnt the exact requirement well if schedule goes like this anyway if you if you need to do something about it then er in order to secure that order for a hundred then sell them at the old price mm oh ive don that thats alright i mean shes given us yeah and the order for them now weve got the fax oh we have got it oh yeah got the fax weve got right i wasnt oh right okay the problem ive got is is er i know what i want to do and you told me what are doing so from that i have a good picture of what how i should approach it but that is everybody being fair yeah if now but th if ive understood you correctly theres going to be a few months when we dont actually supply anything we should be getting at least to march all supplied from us now for the next three or four months it should all be from us right but whats gonna happen is these little mistakes are happening and are picking it up oh dear sorry made a mistake yes mm er mm how do i cope with that but you cant the most difficult situation in in our job is coping with an incompetent buyer or scheduler i dont think its incompetent thats the problem well if she was i could accept it but she isnt thats why im more suspicious than annoyed you see what i mean and happening to know that the r the reps a bit of skirt that ken loves mm yeah im im i dont know how to and im not gonna go and say come on ken you know you have to draw the line at how far you can go but im f im worried about this account definitely because i cant i honestly have got a i dont know whats happening and unfortunately unless can guarantee i mean what what what i would like to know is what theyre gonna charge the what theyre charging them now and what theyre gonna charge them so we can suit our prices to get because if you think about it this is a w this is a danger we may suffer without actually being able to to get up yeah mm im not saying they would but what im saying is if say were four per cent behind and ken wont give me the exact price yeah its three four fiveish per cent yeah and that isnt gonna be on e the same on every product so yeah but say its four per cent on every size and i want four yeah so i put me four thats eight per cent above a bit above yeah and go for eight fine and now im on a level playing field yeah but is he fifty p in front of me or fifty p behind cos then ken turns right round and says right cos youve both had an increase im gonna go for the cheapest one and weve blown it that is that is always a danger yes erm and and erm er yes that that that is that is a danger what we have to try and remember although its no great comfort to you is that overall the prize is tremendous mm in er i mean even if if get their prices up eight per cent and are still under us mm theyve done then brilliantly havent they you know well theyve done brilliantly but the market weve b between us weve got a good for the market entire market price even though it cost us the business at this point in time right and and theres always the chance of getting it back at a later stage er but the whole market will have moved up a level yeah but i dont want to lose seventy grands worth of business no now what are the what are the items that that are still being bought as precision items theres er three sizes now that were down to the seven o one o the seven o two o which are the drum bearings and then the seven two o five which is the lead screw bearing seven two o five yeah and theyre all p and p fours theyre all p fours with yeah what sort of things i mean theyre singles theyre pairs theyre pairs yeah theyre pairs of p five p s p four p four yeah e p seven this was standard normal precision the seven stroke nine which is what we call a p three yeah its not but yeah yeah weve settled on p three erm the seven two o five one is the one thats been designed out this seven two o five thats ive written down here yeah thats a p four thats one end of the lead screw right so these ones all stay yeah theyre theyre the present sizes now were talking about right and what prices have we got on those hang on ill go and get the price is you want it yeah get the get get me the prices on those will you you need an extra pair of hands these are what ive got on the disks you see the pricing of it if i can find it the seven two o fives twenty six pounds thats pair as well is it thats pair yeah twenty twenty six twenty six yeah the seven o two os are a hundred and nine yeah the seven o one os are twenty nine pounds thirty golly thats it so that seems to be an extraordinary lack of difference between a seven two o five and seven o one o mm a mere three pounds three pound thirty just historically how the prices have been yeah right these are ninety three prices are they they are ninety three prices yeah and er at the moment youve asked for four per cent yeah from january yeah right ill get some more information about that okay i mean im aware of the thing thats what makes me ask you more about that account but i am worried about it and and actually in a way are in a very good position because they can be seen to be playing ball and yet benefit you know what i mean mm so thats what worries me and you reckon were were four per cent youre about four per cent below its about four per cent on each of the prices but i mean you know obviously kens not gonna tell me exactly what if we knew what price were at then it would give me more er confidence to know where we stand and how to go about it i mean i dont know what the the the the the standing is with our knowledge of information but i would like to think that if there is er erm not a hidden agenda but agreement being made at a level that we could share the business mm but what i want to do at my present moment is maintain my share of the business right im not interested in taking it off anybody no no no thats that that is our objective is to maintain the share of business at a higher price level and erm i mean even at the risk of probably er the other suppliers making a bit more than us if it means that itll be interesting if we could find out erm actually what prices are because if hes a good he would have said exactly the same thing to oh yeah mm and he will have told that that erm the prices are four per cent below yours dear boy but weve always known that they have been below yeah youve always been told youve always been told that they are weve always kept the business cod ray was the buyer yeah yeah and yes i i agree he was a good contact to have but he aint here any more yes and it was predictable and also and it i mean it it doesnt help saying i told you so but i did unfortunately tell peter so yeah yeah well hes gone so dont worry about that er and erm yeah hes gone too so why worry about it erm what er what are our contacts like at a technical level at okay how often do we get a technical visit in there er well its actually at the technical side is i ive seen before christmas about the new phoenix machine that er we havent got a er opportunity for business on anywhere ive tried and theyre not interested what s what sort of bearing was it its a small miniature nine millimetre and fourte thirteen millimetre one er a single one and a flanged on as a a pair a matched pair and i sent off details with the a flanged a straight a straight flange one straight bearing yeah one plain bearing and one flanged bearing as a pair what erm its reference sent it all to viv with all the details broke all the reference what volumes two thousand a year how how two thousand on one and a thousand on the other has he reinquired on japan no can i yes of course you can of course cos if particularly pointed out the flanged bearing and said you know that does the flanged bearings dont you i said no i didnt he said they do they do flanged miniature bearings and it is possible therefore that mm somebody somewhere will know so what i suggest you do is to give erm jerry a ring yeah okay cos they wont need to be to p four limits well give jerry a ring and see if theres anything to offer yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah fine yeah yeah so yeah okay i will do yeah ill send ask for his comments ill use k john cos hes the machine tool man so ill use him as my contact its best to keep yeah okay oh and ive spoken to tony meeting im arranging to go and see him itll be into next month now when right ive had me good time off and yeah yeah right okay so could could you do something on that worries me i will see what i can find out yeah im im im im stuck to be honest i quoted forty per cent on those screw support sizes last friday yeah i faxed him over on his on saturday morning so well see what happens erm but er what ive just put here is forty per cent margin until price is sorted we need to okay do this visit with roy and get this price list sorted waiting his reply right okay er you you might you might er er cos i did have a word with steve on friday and said have you seen jerry and and has he mentioned this yeah and and steve said no i hadnt heard of it actually i said well look we intend to fax through to roy saying yes we want to do business with you yeah yeah and erm you know were waiting for him to come back and say yeah we need to talk jerry so he said he hadnt seen but hes not necessarily going to do you do you have direct contract with jerry mm why dont you give him a ring yeah fair enough and and say erm yeah you know im just off likely to be off for for next week and like to get right something fixed before i go yeah okay right and then he probably ring roy and yeah you know use that as an excuse yeah fine okay right okay i think thats it thener okay right so ones really the one where i need to involve you basically i if you can yeah the rest ill let you know i hear erm i im also i also quite ooh would like to know whats going on with and whether actually has any er control over whats doing in the marketplace okay yeah yeah i know it was andy last time and hes a guy so yeah ill find out well you find out i might be able to find out to well yeah okay erm that was a point i er spindle bearings and i want to take the business offem now with it being were not gonna look at a high margin straight away cos i know thats a waste of time er but we can make a reasonable margin including spacers its a set of three bearings with a pair of spacers so you have two bearings in tandem a pair of spacers and a third bearing and its their normal machine centre range they use like about forty pairs a month yeah erm sell for about eighty seven pound including spacers so i was gonna go in at about eighty three eighty four but its the new pricing company so ive got to ask your permission havent i its a new product im gonna make reasonable its about thirty five per cent margin its a new product no its its a new size for us to supply weve never b well historically with whats happened is the design from japan was taken under licence yeah and they were based around and and designs yeah now on the five fifty series for example its an complete cartridge spindle on the twelve thousand revs yeah and we get you know so anthony would get that business because complete spindles come under the precision range of products yeah this is something i was trying to get clarified but i dont care really as long as somebody gets it erm but what happened then is er tended to get the main bearing supply for the normal spindles that manufactured and built mm and that was a set of three angular contact ball bearings and then a n n thirty double row roller at the rear er were now doing this partnership which was what today was about about the new generation spindle yeah erm so thats going great i think thats really going well so the new design i think were well in on erm the old on that you know took me two years to get the bearings approved and er you know but then having to wait a year and a half cos had a year and a halfs worth of orders onem and promised to hold the price for three years is thats what it took for them to use them up er has run out new orders have been put on but ive got the chance of taking the business er but erm obviously with the thing again i wanted er obviously what was the you dont to go toem for and they say well you just took the bloody off me i want a cut in me yeah this is this is you know i dont want to be seen to be this is clearly er erm a situation where erm we must not knowingly take business which we have not enjoyed before at a price below no at a price below the existing suppliers ninety four prices now when erm you say are supplying at the moment mhm yeah the problem is dave the buyer at is worse than ken hes a real dipstick yeah w his last comment wh what happened is richard was the team section leader dave historically looks after the bearings sales but hes such a dork im taking him off it and theyre letting him keep linear cos linear is just consignment stock and you know job there sally the lass whos taken over the buying for precision bearings is a great lass got on great with her and richard and they want to come and see the factory they want to go to yeah it fell down cos richard was too busy at the end of last year fine get that sorted and i sally was dropped in the crap by right at the end of last year came on five sets of bearings i couldve doneem in two weeks i said ill get you in two weeks wallop wallop its alrightto do it they haveem back in a month were alright you know they only way youll get the business hes like that he talks like that is if you can you know offer a big price saving that im afraid thats one thing you cant do alright even if it means that this year yeah yeah er from my own point of view i want the business but bearing in mind whats happening im asking you before i do anything erm i should i let the dust settle first yes so ill leave it e you either either leave it or if i quote three or four quid underneath hell consider it and we may get an order in a few months time when the schedule runs out do you want me just to leave it i think what you could sensibly say to them is look i gather youve had supply problems with yeah yeah cos i was there when it happened and s n a look you wont have supply problems with us mhm and you could say look what weve done with yeah competitors of yours yeah competitors of yours wanted bearings in a week we gotem bearings in a the problem the problem is thats happened with the design people yeah yeah i have been given roy the dra the engineering the the senior designer dennis er kev whos our mm mm he was a development manager ive been givingem earache for the last year and a half saying you are falling behind man were up and running with weve got the test rig going new spindle bearings up were pushing it yeah yeah and its taken that long for dave to get his arse in gear and hes a so slow hes hes hes been reluctant to do anything because hes had other things to do right but malcolm in in the end got him to do something who who who are the whos the boss of these erm wankish buyers richard was the team leader hes the guy for me to work on i know i could do it whos his boss whos his boss well peter but er whos peter peters the group er materials manager but i wouldnt hes not one that you can lean on er to wh actually leave it with me because richards the guy and sally is taking over from david its a handover period right because sallys not she doesnt understand one end of a bearing from another right she used to do a bit of part time buying from the accounts department yeah yeah shes come down now to take over buying and she thinks daves a wanker a prat yeah right and i can get richard and and sally interested right but davids sat there at the minute in the background right now yes wait what i need to do is get him out the way till hes out of the way right and suggest to your sally yeah that you on on one of your visits it would be a very good idea if you sat down with her and the engineering pal yeah and roy yes yeah and you have a c not not necessarily with not necessarily with the boss no no mm yeah but just the the the buyer mm and the engineer right and s and begin to drive them with a consolidated plan look wh youre in this business for a long time things take an awful long time to happen in this world mm mm you know that i know that so weve got to get our plans sorted out i want to help you do that no sallys new at the job weve been working at this for for on on the technical front for some time now lets just sit down and and work out what were gonna do is that alright yeah yeah so try and bring those two together mm because if if you do that and it begins to erm o occur to her and if shes fairly bright mm she doesnt seem daft yeah shes not clever cos shes bearings erm it it it no she doesnt seem engineering clever no but shes not daft no but but youre gonna help them yeah yeah youre going to your object in life is to help her do the job better right and explain to her and by sitting down and having a technical and commercial conversation together mm you can sort of chair that that mm meeting and help her to understand how much were helping them through this and appreciate how much else we can do and and okay if were a pound or two different were forty minutes up the road yeah yeah if we cant e e ive had a couple of months of stock on the shelf forem yeah in fact i must admit i hinted to dave if if linear will do consignment stock for why shouldnt we if were only forty minutes away but i mean thats the last thing i wanna do but yeah but even then we could have consignment stock here in effect cos theyre only forty minutes away we could throwem in the back of the car and haveem delivered well thats what weve got weve got consignment stock here its on our premises yeah so they dont have the problem of of of of of yeah the hassle of stocking it and so on yeah so you know ive just got this david thing and and the thing in the background i didnt want to tread on toes well well youve got a lovely youve got a lovely opportun youve got a lovely opportunity there to sell the nonprice benefits yeah just have a try and h try and set up a c a a a meeting with this sally and your engineering winger yeah okay and dont talk price at all no and than at a later stage go bock and have a go at sally and and remind her of all these good things that you talked about the problem is were buttoned down on deliveries on standard bearings cos of the balls up about well okay so youve got to talk youve got to talk your way through that its the precision bearings thats really the prize i mean thats why yes and and and of course now that er now that weve got the total business beginning to operate as one the chances of letting them down on standard bearings is very much smaller than it ever was before yeah the problem the reason weve let her down on standard bearings is because of this changeover mm oh yeah you see its got nothing to do with the with our no no competence as a supplier no yeah okay alright ill give you something to im going tomorrow morning there anyway cos roys just given me a call theyve got some problems with screw support bearings locking up but er ill go over there some time right yeah yeah so ill sally okay is that happiness right yeah okay erm just the ones me main concern i mean the others you know its its what we get and and sort of thing with them its its yeah mm erm im not happy with them and i dont know how you get round it knowing whats happening there well er at the end of the day it may be one that were gonna were gonna lose but erm mm if it is tafea outer islands constituency tafea outer islands formerly called southern islands is a constituency of vanuatu
seriate seriate bergamasque is acomunemunicipality in the province of bergamo in the italian region of lombardy it is located about northeast of milan and about southeast of bergamo bénysurmer bénysurmer is a commune it is found in the region bassenormandie in the calvados department in the northwest of france niederwald switzerland niederwald was a municipality in the new municipality of goms and the district of goms in the canton of valais in switzerland kong christian stod ved højen mastkong christian stod ved højen mast meaningking christian stood by the lofty mast is one of the two national anthems of denmark the other one beingder er et yndigt landmeaningthere is a lovely land the main difference between the two anthems is that this one is used mostly for royal and military purposes and the other one is used for civil purposes the lyrics were written by johannes ewald the composer is unknown lyrics the english version of the song was written by fellow american poet henry wadsworth longfellow applied arts the applied arts are arts that make design and decoration to everyday things applied arts can make things look aesthetically well applied arts can also be used with decorative arts the modern making of applied art is usually called design example of applied arts are movements they are many art movements that focused on applied arts many artistic art styles like neoclassicism and gothic cover both devorative and applied arts and others cover both the fine and applied or decorative arts
alfornelos lisbon metro alfornelos station is part of the blue line of the lisbon metro it is located in the alfornelos neighbourhood of amadora villeneuvesurauvers villeneuvesurauvers is a commune it is in îledefrance in the essonne department in north france dhis district health information software dhis is an opensource software to compile reports and do analysis of health related data history it was developed by health information systems programme with the coordination of the department of informatics at the university of oslo it is globally supported by a number of organizations including norad pepfar the global fund to fight aids tuberculosis and malaria unicef and the university of oslo kilbourne louisiana kilbourne is a village in west carroll parish louisiana united states fay sarthe fay is a commune it is found in the pays de la loire region in the sarthe department in the west of france
royal borough of greenwich the royal borough of greenwich is a london borough it is in south east london freedom party of austria the freedom party of austria germanfreiheitliche partei österreichs shortened to fpö is an austrian political party led by norbert hofer their ideology is national conservative they are the third biggest party in the austrian parliament the party leader is currently norbert hofer featherfoot a featherfoot or kadiatcha man is a sorcerer in australian aboriginal spirituality a featherfoot is usually a bad spirit who kills people in most traditional aboriginal beliefs there is no such thing as a natural death every death is caused by evil spirits or spells it is usually because of an enemy who wants revenge for something a featherfoot is so named because they are believed to have supernatural powers including the ability to fly and move interdimensionaly when threatened as means of escape he wears special shoes made of feathers usually emu and hair stuck together with human blood scholars say that the shoes leave no tracks footprints the kadiatcha uphold tribal law they do not kill random people only those who have transgressed traditional customs they use a pointing bone a form of spiritual weapon and when someone has had the bone pointed it weakens them and the kadiatcha will then track that person down until the transgression has been dealt with southwest of western australia which includes the noongar people have a local scary story to tell at night when the featherfoot is hunting you it waits till youre alone or in a small group at night walking to a destination the person or the group will start to get a sense of foreboding followed by a strong sense they are being followedand the person can usually smell burning emu feathersthe featherfoot is close behind following its steps are silent and leave not tracks the only way to survive a feathfoot attack is to never look behind you until you get back to a light source keep walking and dont look back its when the person looks behind them is when it attacks often the reason the spirit will follow and attack someone is because they have committed a crime or something as heinous or evil all that is left behind after an attack is a single large unknown bird feather and a small amount of the victims blood one has been witnessed to live in the western australian albany narrikup region where many animal remains are also found near its lair in bushland it is threatened by dogs saintvincentsurjard saintvincentsurjard is a commune it is found in the region pays de la loire in the vendée department in the west of france stone slab a stone slab is a big stone flat and of little thickness that are generally used for paving floors for covering walls or as headstones other definitions refine the meaning a bit more slabs used in dolmens most dolmen constructions they were build using stone slabs of big dimensions their architecture often includes a corridor of access that can be constructed usins stone slabs or dry stones the burial chamber with variable shapes rectangular polygonal oval circular can also be preceded by an anteroom in some dolmens the entrance has a door cut into one or more vertical stone slabs slabs in the construction the main applications of the slabs as material of construction are for pavings and in the construction of roofs but they can be employed for other uses among them slabs in the gastronomy a system to cook the foods isto the slab in like manner to the systems ofto the ironorgrilled in the procedure to bake to the slab the foods course meat fish vegetables they put on a slab hot on of the fire with oil butter or lard and all the aditaments with that want to dress the teak grave slabs from prehistoric times there are examples of graves covered with a stone slab in its natural state or carved this use as tombstone has extended the concept of natural slab to the tombstone variant flat thin and polished example the tomb of king peter the great the tombstones use to have some inscriptions the information on the stone slab traditionally includes the name of the deceased and his date of birth and death the inscriptions are generally in the frontal side of the stone slab but also in some cases in the verso and around the edges of the slab some families request to write an inscription in the unseen part of the stone slab oriented to the ground apart from the name some slabs also have epitaphs in praise of the deceased or citations of religious texts asrequiescat in pace
doksy doksy is a town of the česká lípa district in the liberec region of the czech republic chaulnes chaulnes is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france rubidium oxide rubidium oxide is a chemical compound its chemical formula is rb2o it is a yellow solid it reacts vigorously with water to produce rubidium hydroxide a very strong base it is made by reduction of rubidium nitrate using rubidium metal it can also be made by reduction of rubidium hydroxide with rubidium metal it reacts with hydrogen to disproportionate it into rubidium hydroxide and rubidium hydride tajdid tajdid is an arabic word that meansrenewal it is usually put together withdinto meanrenewal of the religiona similar but less common expression isihyaaldin which may be translated asrevival of the religionthe purpose of the tajdid renewal or revival is to implement this ideal model in muslimslives wherever and whenever muslim society exists this purpose implies that tajdid is a continuous effort by muslims always to explain islam and make it applicable in continually changing situations without violating its principles the notion of tajdid in the islamic tradition can be traced back to the prophet muhammad who said thatat the start of each century there will arise in this ummah the muslim community those who will call for a religious renewal such people mujaddids or renewers of islam are believed to always come in the time when muslim community departs from the true path defined by the quran and sunnah example of the prophet the task of the mujaddid therefore is to return muslims to their basic sources the quran and sunnah to clean islam from all ungodly elements to present islam and make it flourish more or less in its original pure form and spirit the tradition of a renewal of the faith went back to islams first century with the caliph umar ii umar ibnabd alaziz who came to power in the muslim year 99 and was particularly revered for his piety in contrast to his predecessors he was viewed as a renewer of the faith in an age of increasingly profane rule and later mujaddids and their movements in various parts of the islamic world followed his precedent bouzongellenave bouzongellenave is a commune in the gers department it is in southwestern france
fontainelèshermans fontainelèshermans is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france new years eve new years eve is the holiday before new years day on december 31 the last day of the current year today western countries usually celebrate this day with a party which ends with a group countdown to midnight party hats noisemakers fire crackers and drinking champagne are fairly common during this holiday many towns also have firework shows or other noisy ways to start the new year places like berlin chicago edinburgh los angeles london new york paris rio de janeiro sydney toronto and tokyo are well known for their new years eve celebrations new years eve is also a work holiday in some countries such as australia argentina brazil france mexico the philippines and venezuela neubrunn lower franconia neubrunn is a municipality in würzburg in lower franconia bavaria germany it has the districts böttigheim and neubrunn protest vote a protest vote also called a blank null spoiled ornone of the abovevote is a vote cast in an election to show disapproval of the choice of candidates or the current political system mönchsdeggingen mönchsdeggingen is a municipality in the district of donauries in bavaria in germany
tai chi chuan tai chi chuan also known assupreme ultimate fist is an internal chinese martial art which is practiced for both its defense training and health benefits loch na gainimh loch na gainimh is a loch in sutherland in the highland council area in northern scotland voiceless alveolar trill the voiceless alveolar trill differs from the voiced alveolar trill in its phonation whether or not the vocal chords are vibrating while pronouncing the sound it is used in a few languages in languages that also have the voiced alveolar trill it can be a similar sound or an allophone another way a certain sound can be pronounced in protoindoeuropean the sound sr became a sound spelled with the letter for and the diacritic for in ancient greek this sound was probably a voiceless alveolar trill it became the regular wordinitial meaningat the start of a word allophone of in standard attic greek this sound has disappeared in modern greek features features of the voiceless alveolar trill voiceless alveolar fricative trill the voiceless alveolar fricative trill is not known to be a sound in any language except maybe the east sakhalin dialect of nivkh however it is an allophone another way of pronouncing a specific sound in czech features features of the voiceless alveolar fricative trill university of health sciences university of health sciences is a medical university in lahore pakistan the university regulates and coordinates the activities of medical education training amp research institutions throughout the province of punjab dry cell dry cells are a type of chemical cells dry cells are commonly used today in the form of batteries dry cells are used in many electrical appliances most dry cells are not truly dry they still contain a liquid electrolyte but it is immobilized in a paste or gel several truly dry or solidstate batteries have been developed but none are commercially available yet types of dry cells primary cells are not rechargeable they have to be thrown away after their chemicals are used secondary cells are rechargeable they can be used again
microeconomics microeconomics is the science of how people make decisions at the small scale it is different from macroeconomics which looks at how the economy works as a whole on aggregate in microeconomics we might look at how a person chooses what to buy at the store or how many things a company will make some parts of microeconomics includeconsumer theoryandtheory of the firm which study how people and businesses make decisions game theory looks at how people make decisions when the outcome how something ends depends on what decision another person makes when agents are said to actstrategically related pages noeditsection list of characters in the khamba thoibi khamba thoibi is one of the longest epic poems in the world it was composed by hijam anganghal the characters are mostly historical along with the addition of mythological features the most important characters of the khamba thoibi can be said to include thangching khuman khamba moirang thoibi and nongban other significant characters include khamnu kabui salang maiba iwang puriklai chingkhu telheiba chingkhu akhuba puremba ngangkha leima senu and soura deities mentioned in the epic include koiren leima panthoibi khuman apokpa list ayangleima ayangleima is the name identifying three goddesses who are the two koiren leimas and panthoibi all these goddesses are said to play significant role in appearing at the dreams of both khuman khamba as well as moirang thoibi at appropriate timing to save something from destruction kabui salang maiba kabui salang maiba is an old experienced high priest and a king of the kabul village he is an old friend of khuman puremba so after the death of khuman puremba he willingly brought up khuman khamba and khamnu the children of his friend he taught several skills and training to khuman khamba during the laters stay at his village khamnu khamnu is the daughter of ngangkhaleima the wood nymph and chingkhu telheiba the king of ancient moirang but she was born in the house of khuman puremba as her mother got a second marriage to the later after the demise of her parents she brought up her younger brother khuman khamba bearing every sufferings right from her childhood khuman apokpa little is mentioned about khuman apokpa the progenitor of the khuman dynasty in the epic the cult of khuman apokpa is mainly worshipped by the people of khuman blood once when moirang thoibi visited him unable to think what should be done khuman khamba wear an elongated basket and hide himself in a corner of the house when the princess saw him she asked khamnu what is the object at this khamnu replied that it is the khuman apokpa though witty thoibi knew the truth she willingly bow down to khamba khuman khamba khuman khamba is the son of khuman puremba a brave warrior and ngangkhaleima a wood nymph he is best known for being a paragon of far reaching adventures and masculinity he is a lover of moirang thoibi and after killing the khoirentak tiger he got married to the princess khuman puremba khuman puremba or khuman purenba is a grandson of a khuman prince who once fled from the khuman kingdom to ancient moirang trying to prevent political turmoil and lead a peaceful life he is a brave warrior and a floriculture minister of the moirang kingdom he is best known for capturing the nine tigers alive from the wild moirang thoibi moirang thoibi also known as ewanglon thoibi is the daughter of chingkhuba chingkhu akhuba the younger brother of chingkhu telheiba the then king of ancient moirang for the king and his brother have no ward other than the princess she grew up as the darling of the entire kingdom she is the lady love of khuman khamba for whose chemistry gets envied by nongban legend says she and her lover khuman khamba first performed a devotional dance form in the premise of the ebudhou thangjing temple which was later known as the khamba thoibi jagoi the termthoibimeans perfection or completion of beauty and accomplishments ngangkhaleima ngangkhaleima or ngangkhareima is a wood nymph helloi she had heard about the fame of khuman puremba from a very long time and wished to marry him so she sent the nine demigods transfigured into nine ferocious tigers to attack the villagers so that khuman puremba may charged defensive force against the beasts at this she took the advantage of meeting him in the woods from the very first meet she seduced him to marry but fate does not permit them unite so soon their relationship was interrupted by chingkhu telheiba the moirang king the king asked puremba to offer the lady for his own harem unable to reject the king he did ngangkhaleima gets conceived having khamnu in her womb it during that time the king returned her back to puremba so after the birth of khamnu khuman khamba was born to the true lovers nongban nongban is the principal villain character in the epic saga he is a man of angom blood lineage he is a suitor of moirang thoibi besides having numerous wives knowing the fact that the princess loves khuman khamba he devised many evil plots to get rid of him but every time thangching and other gods save khuman khamba from danger later he died when a tiger attacked him in the hunt senu senu is the closest friend and a maid of moirang thoibi legend says that she is the actual daughter of chingkhu akhuba who after returning from a journey found a baby girl on the way brought her to home during the very time chingkhu akhubas wife gave birth to a baby girl at home thoughtlessly chingkhu akhuba placed the stranger girl along the side of his own daughter when his wife felt conscious she mistook the stranger girl as her own baby and brought her up as moirang thoibi while her own blood grew up as a servant girl senu soura soura is a servant of nongban he is often given important tasks by his master because of his witty attitudes and skillful performance thangching thangching is the director of the story from the beginning till end every characters are playing their role according to his direction sometimes he sent his good lady koiren leima to inform alarming news to khuman khamba and moirang thoibi at their dreams in ancient moirang he is the greatest of all the gods so the lai haraoba festival is dedicated especially for him western sydney wanderers fc youth western sydney wanderers fc youth is the youth system of western sydney wanderers fc an australian soccer club based in greater western sydney the club competes in the aleague youth dagai dagai is a town and union council of mardan district in the khyber pakhtunkhwa province of pakistan wilsons birdofparadise the wilsons birdofparadise is a small bird of the paradisaeidae family description the male is a red and black birdofparadise with a yellow mantle on its neck a lightgreen mouth blue feet and two curved violet tail feathers the head is naked blue with a black double cross pattern on it as so often with birds in general and paradise birds in particular the female is not showy it is a brownish bird though it does have a bare blue crown diet wilsons birdofparadise eat usually fruit or small insects
ccp ccp may mean pymol pymol is an open source program for the viewing and manipulation of data from proteins and other biological molecules pymol is written in the python programming language academy award for best original score the academy award for original score is given to the best body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring that is written specifically for a movie bourguignons bourguignons is a commune of the aubedépartementin the northcentral part of france splinter teenage mutant ninja turtles splinter is the mentor figure for theteenage mutant ninja turtles he is a rat who raised the four turtles portrayals splinter has been played by kevin clash mako iwamatsu and tony shalhoub in movies based on tmnt
guinecourt guinecourt is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france boj tv series boj is an animated childrens television series it was created by pesky productions the series was first broadcast on cbeebies st clair shores michigan st clair shores is a city in macomb county michigan united states sind sparrow the sind sparrow passer pyrrhonotus also known as the sind jungle sparrow jungle sparrow or rufousbacked sparrow is a passerine bird of the passeridae sparrow family it lives around the indus valley region of pakistan and parts of the republic of india within its indus valley breeding range in pakistan and western india the sind sparrow lives in wetland habitats with thorny scrub and tall grass glow in the park parade glow in the park parade is a parade that takes place every night during the summer months at six flags mexico
lauterbrunnen lauterbrunnen is a municipality in the administrative district of interlakenoberhasli in the canton of bern in switzerland on the 6 on the 6 is the debut studio album by american singer and entertainer jennifer lopez the albums title refers to a time when jennifer lived in the bronx the label released five singles to promote the album dslinux dslinux is a port of the linux operating system to the nintendo ds platform it requires only a device capable of writing to a ds game cart dslinux is not the same as dsl damn small linux criticism dslinux has been criticized some of these thing are for king city missouri king city is a city in gentry county missouri united states hydrogen vehicle hydrogen fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen gas as a source of fuel to generate electricity they are one of the cleanest forms of transportation hydrogen fuel cell vehicles use a fuel cell stack in order to convert the chemical energy thats being stored in hydrogen into electrical energy which will be used to power an electric motor a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle starts with hydrogen gas being stored inside a high pressure tank located within the vehicle then the hydrogen is given to the fuel cell stack which is made of an anode cathode and an electrolyte hydrogen molecules from the storage tanks are then introduced into the anode compartment of each fuel cell the hydrogen molecules then usually encounter a catalyst which makes the electrochemical reaction the electrochemical reaction is done with the help of the catalyst which helps split the hydrogen molecules into protons labeledhand electrons which are labelede once this step is done the protons move through the proton exchange membrane while the electrons are forced to use an external circuit because the proton exchange membrane is very selective while the electrons flow through the external circuit this creates an electrical current and this will power the electric motor found in the vehicle on the other hand oxygen is provided to the cathode inside the fuel cell stack which has the electrons that have taken the external path and the protons while inside they are all mixed to create water h2o which will be the only thing the car will leave behind using this technology we are able to assure that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will not produce anything that will harm the environment nor use any nonrenewable resources aside from the transportation of the hydrogen needed to power the vehicle there are some issues with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles one of those issues is that it lacks a proper infrastructure the reason is because one hydrogen fueling stations costs more than one million dollars to make another issue is that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are also really expensive as the technology revolving around using hydrogen as fuel is still a fairly new concept therefore it is also extremely expensive hydrogen fuel cell vehicles usually get great range much more than gas and electric vehicles some examples of hydrogen vehicles are the hyundai nexo honda insight and the toyota mirai
east hazel crest illinois east hazel crest is a village in illinois in the united states jean nicolet jean nicolet was a french explorer he was known for being the first person to discover lake michigan mackinac island and green bay avery idaho avery is an unincorporated community of idaho in the united states isérables isérables is a municipality of the district of martigny in the canton of valais in switzerland zirid dynasty the zirid dynasty were a berber group they were from what is now modern algeria the capital was kairouan the hammadids came from this group
the curse of curvesthe curse of curvesis a song by cute is what we aim for it is on their albumthe same old blood rush with a new touch gudo visconti gudo visconti is acomunein the metropolitan city of milan in the lombardy region in italy vayu vayu is the wind god in hinduism benzimidazole benzimidazole is an aromatic organic compound and benzimidazoles are always heterocyclic heterocyclic aromatic organic compoundis how benzimidazole is often described a heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its rings benzimidazole is used to produce drugs plastics and dyes examples and uses the chemical compound can be found in when printed circuit boards are manufactured or made benzimidazole can be used as an organic solderability preservative when that kind of preservative gets used it can protect copper contacts for years until the contact gets soldered transclusion transclusion is a way to use content from one electronic document in another document without having to copy the content from one to the other if the original content is changed the change will automatically show in the article that is using the trancluded content the two documents are connected by hypertext the word is a combination oftrans meaning across andinclusion so it means including something that is brought across from another place on wikipedia this is usually used for putting content from a special article called atemplateinto other articles but the method also works for other kinds of article when you put the double braces codice1 around a page name the program reading the wiki source code and converting it to html so it will display on a browser software will see that you wish to add the content of the named page at that point and will go read it convert it to html and add it at that point before continuing with converting the rest of the source code of the original page to html that is transclusion you refer to the page to be transcluded by naming it in braces which is called referencing there are ways to exclude parts of the transcluded page and ways to transclude part of a page like just a section but that does not change the basic concept a transcluded page may also include transclusions of other pages this is called nesting it can be done a moderate number of times with one page transcluding others which may each tranclude others again and again there is a limit to how many levels of transclusion are allowed to prevent accidental or intentional infinite loops which will cause the translating program to get stuck
avocado toast avocado toast is a type of open sandwich it is toast with mashed avocado salt black pepper and lemon juice many other ingredients may be used such as poached eggs salmon strawberries tomato and feta it is a dish popularised in australia cytogenetics cytogenetics is the branch of genetics which deals with cytology cell structure and function it includes the study of chromosomes chromosome bands karyotypes and cell division especially meiosis cytogenetic studies have also been used to study evolution in natural populations nunapitchuk alaska nunapitchuk is a city in alaska myscene myscene is a type of doll created by the mattel toy company they share the product name of barbie but they have differences with the head shapes the line was supposedly started as a rival to the popular bratz dolls movies the my scene characters have starred in three dvd movies rodman iowa rodman is a city in iowa in the united states
hermes hermes is themessenger of the gods he is the god of winter travellers and shepherds in greek mythology he is one of the twelve olympians and is often shown with his caduceus hermes is the son of zeus and maia he was born on mount cyllene the story of his birth was told in the homeric hymn which meanshymn to hermes it said that maia was a nymph hermes was very clever and on his first day invented the lyre by using the shell of a tortoise he carries a golden sword one of the myths about hermes is that he once stole his brothers oxen and burned them as a sacrifice qualification the term qualification may mean luxembourg disambiguation luxembourg can mean list of rivers of gabon this is a list of streams and rivers in gabon a aïna river b bouenguidi river i ivindo river k komo river l lekoni lolo river léconi river m mbeya river mpassa river muni river n ngounie river ntem river nyanga river o ogooué river s sebe river z zadié river chiusa sclafani chiusa sclafani is acomunein the metropolitan city of palermo in the sicily region in italy
keyhole markup language keyhole markup language is a file format for displaying data on maps in the same way that a web browser displays web pages written with html kml draws data on maps like google maps and virtual globes like google earth it is an international standard maintained by the open geospatial consortium google the previous maintainers of the specification have information on writing kml on their website tilloylèshermaville tilloylèshermaville is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france golaghmuli valley golaghmuli valley is a high mountainous valley in upper ghizer of gilgitbaltistan pakistan this valley is east of chitral and north of swat golaghmuli valley is separated from the chitral and swat by high mountain passes to reach golaghmuli valley a person must take the gilgitchitral road west from gilgit and then continue straight by gupis after gupis one continues northwest to reach the yasin valley and the straight road goes to golaghmuli valley golaghmuli valley has a spectacular natural beauty first baseman first base or 1b is the first of four positions on a baseball diamond in baseball laxative a laxative is a food or drug taken to make bowel movements easier or to treat constipation sometimes taking powerful or lots of laxatives can cause diarrhea or a flatulence laxatives work by helping your intestines digest undigested food and do not make you lose weight despite this some people with eating disorders take laxatives in an attempt to lose weight
formbased interface a formbased interface is a kind of user interface in it the user interacts with the application by selecting one of a number of possible values and by entering text into the fields that accept it a word processor which is used to write documents might offer settings for the font size the font to use and the alignment of the paragraph on the page many databases support a technology called query by example users who do not know sql can easily select database records which are similar to the information entered other places where form based interface can be use is online application for job school college bank to fill cash details a hospital for filling patients detail vestibular hypofunction a partial or complete loss of function in the central or peripheral nervous systems of the vestibular system is known as vestibular hypofunction despite the fact that genetic neurodegenerative toxic viral or traumatic factors may be the causes of vestibular hypofunction the bone and cartilage that make up our ear are part of a complicated system indiana evans indiana rose evans is an australian actress and singer she was born in sydney australia she is known for portraying matilda hunter inhome and away bella hartley inh2o just add waterand emmaline robinson inblue lagoon the awakening gressan gressan is acomunein the aosta valley region in italy balarama hindus believe that balram was the older brother of krishna some hindus believe that he is an avatar of vishnus shesh naag in this avatar shesh naag was in the form of a human
orchampsvennes orchampsvennes is a commune it is in bourgognefranchecomté in the doubs department in east france lake genval lake genval is an artificial lake in belgium southeast of brussels near the sonian forest which is a part of the municipalities of rixensart walloon brabant and overijse flemish brabant a popular vacation and holiday destination the lake is surrounded by turnofthecentury homes built during the belle époque on the lakes south is the château du lac a fivestar hotel restaurant and bar list of people from montclair new jersey notable current and former residents of montclair new jersey include arts fictional characters carmela soprano onthe sopranos attended montclair state university references markt taschendorf markt taschendorf is a municipality in neustadt aischbad windsheim in bavaria in germany weston maine weston is a town in aroostook county maine united states
rehearsal a rehearsal is a practice before a concert or play in a theatre or some other performance the group of performers will get together to rehearse they may rehearse together many times before the performance so that they get used to performing with one another a dress rehearsal is the last rehearsal before the performance it is called adress rehearsalbecause in a theatre the actors will be wearing their costumes when an orchestra or other music group have adress rehearsalthis does not mean that they have to dress up it simply means that it is the last rehearsal and it will be in the hall where they are going to perform so that everything is as it will be for the performance orchestras often have section rehearsals or sectionals this means that each group of instruments rehearse separately eg the string sectional will be all the string instruments rehearsing together this can be useful because they can concentrate on the bits which are particularly difficult for them the string instruments can talk about the bowing etc an open rehearsal is a rehearsal that the public can come and watch in opera houses the dress rehearsal is often an open rehearsal the entry may be free or the audience may have to pay but not as much as for a ticket for a performance the audience will have to understand that the performance may be stopped if something goes wrong and needs to be rehearsed singers will often save their voices by not singing as loudly as they will in the performance this is calledmarking a technical rehearsal in a theatre is a rehearsal for practising things such as lighting and using props irritability irritability is when a living organisms has a negative response to changes in their environment such as annoyance reactions can include pain anger and unhappiness this can also be a symptom of a mental illness right ladies and gentlemen we will no will now continue erm mr sir i dont know whether this would be a convenient moment but i have taken instructions on the the oh yes quite the which er was raised er yes and also raised by your colleague erm with regard to the decisions of the parish council yes sir reference to my appendix number five makes it clear that there was some lack of knowledge er by those in the village er round about june nineteen ninety two as to what was going on in ryedale with regard to the site north of skelton and you will see there as appendix five yes a copy of a letter from the chief planning officer of ryedale to yes mr who is on my right and who was previously the chairman of the southern area planning committee of ryedale district council but not at that timewhich explains that erm a change was in hand yes and the parish council was thereupon alerted to this fact and held a meeting on the seventeenth of july nineteen ninety twothe relevant part of the minute of which reads as follows it is minute number fifteen yes the council oppose proposed changes relating to amendment of the greenbelt plan by excluding two fields on the northwestern edge of the village from the greenbelt the council felt the proposed inset boundary of the village should remain as published in the original consultation and proposals documents and that in itself indicates sir a minor degree of confusion sir the parish council even at that stage was not fully aware of the situation they were referring to the deposit copy should remain as published in the original documents and were surprised at the proposed changes raised at the eleventh hour prior to a public enquiry in september nineteen ninety two the original proposed boundary of the greenbelt was tightly drawn against properties in the village and the proposed changes are inconsistent with this also the proposed changes would intrude upon the skelton conservation area that sir is the end of that minute yes right thank you could we have copies of the minute do you think er w you wish to have a copy of the whole document sir no right well not necessarily but if copies could be made of that page yes yes thank you very much im still a little bit in the dark id like to read read the minute yes right erm perhaps we can leave it till i have read it then and yes right then if theres anything more to be said ill ill say it then yes right thank you very much right thank you mr do you have any questions sir i adopt the cross examination right thank you very much right well well move on then please mr ward thank you very much sir ill call mrs then to present yes thank you the countys evidence thank you very much erm yes yes please mrs ill ask you if you would please to read the summary of your proof of evidence from document n y two three seven objections to the deposit plan have been received concerning two adjoining sites at the northern end of skelton topic area d thirty nine which is a paddock and topic area d forty which is a small field between the paddock and the a nineteen in respect of d thirty nine the objection is that the paddock should be included within the greenbelt the objections to d forty are that the field should be excluded from the greenbelt could i say at this stagei is anybody having difficulty hearing at the back c could i suggest firstly you move forward to the front row er on both sides because th theres little point in er asking mrs to speak louder if thank you move closer to the public rather than further away from them in april nineteen ninety two the county council reassessed the greenbelt boundary around skelton and resolved to propose a change to exclude topic area d forty from the greenbelt two objections have been received to the proposed change obje objection site d thirty nine extends to some one point two five hectares and is bounded on three sides by hedgerows trees and tracks and on the south side by the boundary with existing property objection site d forty is an area of grassland that is that is split in two by a post and rail fence it extends to some one point four hectares hedges and trees mark three of the boundaries with the southern boundary being a post and rail fence along church lane in the curtilage of the county council considers that the two sites do not fulfil any greenbelt purpose in the county councils opinion the northern boundary of the site which comprises variously a line of trees hedge and track effectively acts as a screen between the site and the open agricultural land to the north and can adequately prevent any sprawl of the village or encroachment onto the open agricultural land and will not therefore prejudice the special character of york none of the other greenbelt purposes are relevant to these sites the deposit plan greenbelt boundary and amended is a welldefined durable boundary and is therefore an appropriate boundary the county council has noted that noted the representation that the greenbelt boundary around skelton should follow the edge of the builtup area for its entirety however the county council takes the view that the objection sites do not fulfil any greenbelt purposes and should not therefore be included in the greenbelt whereas elsewhere around skelton any relaxation of the boundary would result in encroachment into the open countryside to the detriment of the greenbelt the objectors have raised various development control issues concerning the site while the county council has noted these points it does not consider that they are relevant to the definition of greenbelt boundaries for the reasons outlined above the county council remains of the opinion that the two sites to the north of skelton should be excluded from the greenbelt and included within the skelton village inset thank you mrs thank you very much mr mrsyou attach considerable importance to the physical characteristics of boundaries dont you drawing of greenbelt boundaries attention should be paid to ensure that the greenbelt boundaries are enduring to that extent they should follow physical features on the ground and when you have looked at skelton as a wholeyou have concludedapparently from your paragraph seven point seventhat any relaxation of the greenbelt boundary elsewhere around skelton would result in an unwarranted extension of the builtup area contrary to the objectives of the york greenbelt for what reason do you believe that a relaxation as you put it of the greenbelt boundary from the deposit copy to the line you now propose north of this important village would not do so in as much that er in the county councils opinion these two s these two paddock fields whatever you call them to the north of skelton are visually more related to the village whereas the other land around skelton is clearly open agricultural land and therefore forms part of the open countryside around skelton am i to believe from that that you regard the characteristics of the open countryside around skelton as being more important for greenbelt purposes and the contribution to york than the land within the boundary you now propose but the purpose of the of the greenbelt is to prevent encroachment into the open countryside as i have just said we donthe county council does not consider that these two fields form part of the open countryside around skelton are you not by adopting that view mrs abandoning the concept of the importance of the character of skelton in relation to the setting of historic york not at all i expect that the paddock in particular contributes to the character of skelton and inclusion in the conservation area however these two sites are more part of the character of skelton and their inclusion or exclusion from the er inclusion in the greenbelt wouldnt add any further to the character of skelton and this part of the area development of this land would detract from the character of skelton wouldnt it that may be what then is your primary reason for reducing the safeguard against development which greenbelt protection affords bearing in mind that skelton is a village of considerable character wellthe purpose of the county council is to draw up a greenbelt local plan and therefore it is a question of whether or not the sites fulfil or do not fulfil a greenbelt purpose the county council is not concerned with the future uses of the land how do you square that view with the view of your colleague that the whole of the village of flaxton performed a greenbelt purpose sorry im not aware of flaxton i mean flaxtons beyond the sixmile limit for the greenbelt im not quite sure what youre talking about could you keep your voice up please mrs i im having difficulties and im sure those at the back are sorry its cos im turning this well if if you aim for the microphone not because of if i any importance it has but simply because in that way the centre of the room mrs the primary purpose of the york greenbelt is to have an effect on the character of historic york is it not it is to protect the historic character of york and thats one of the purposes yes and it has and it has has it not been admitted in at least one of your background documents that the character of the settlements round york have a part to play in that yes in our document n y two which sets out the objectives of the york greenbelt in more detail erm it is the character of the s setting of the villages withi er within their rural hinterland which is part of the character that contributes to the character of york and therefore its not just a question of protecting the open countryside round the village it is the protecting the character or the setting of the village within its rural hinterland is that setting greatly affected by the incidence of hedges and fields part of the character obviously is going to be the land use er er the land the land use and the features within the land any land the question surely is whether land is open country not whether that open country is bisected by a boundary a good hedge or a good line of trees which would undoubtedly be a suitable greenbelt boundary surely the question is whether the land on each side of it has the same greenbelt function or different greenbelt functions well ive er as ive previously said in the county councils opinion these two fields do not perform a greenbelt function they are visually and physically separate from the open agricultural land both to the north and to the west of the sites visually and physically i will therefore put to you a hypothetical question would the contribution which they make relative to each other be altered were the characteristics of the boundary between them less marked no trees no substantial hedge the character you by that you mean the character the boundary the contribution that links the two yes would the contribution made by this land on either side of this boundary you now propose be altered were there in fact no marked physical boundary between them in terms of their greenbelt functionthe the the the boundary between them has no effect on the greenbelt purposes it is the boundaries to the north alongside the a nineteen it follows therefore does it not that one has to look at the characteristics of the land you now propose to take out of the greenbelt in the same way as the land immediately to the north which you propose should remain in as much to decide whether or not these sites have a greenbelt function its its not the boundary that is important to look at its whether the land is open land isnt it its whether the land fulfils a greenbelt function open land doesnt necessarily mean that it should be in the greenbelt that does not necessarily follow and the land to the north does form a greenbelt perform a greenbelt functionis that yes so yes the land that youre now proposing to take out does not that is correct despite the fact that both are open land well as ive just said open land does not necessarily mean that it serves a greenbelt purpose nonetheless you draw this distinction despite the fact that the characteristic of both those areas is the characteristic of openness yes but th in the county councils opinion these two sites are more visually related to the character or of skelton village where the land quite clearly agricultural land and unrelated to these three fields when you answered the question a moment ago about the importance of the boundary the size of it and so on you indicated that it was not i indicated that the boundary between the two sites was not important in determining whether or not or in the county councils opinion had no effect for the determination of whether or not these sites played a greenbelt function you know that i do not necessarily go along with your concept of visual character in the way that you use it but would the visual character be altered in a way that would cause a coincidence of greenbelt function were that important hedge not in existence on the north side of d thirty nine if there were no hedge let us say on the north side of d thirty nine would the visual character to which you have just made reference be altered well its very difficult to say what the because presumably the character of the paddock would have changed and the character of the conservation area likewise and it may well be that the use of that site wouldnt be a paddock its difficult to be to comment on a hypothetical situation it may the removal of that hedgerow may not just may have other knockon effects im not entirely clear about your answer let me put it another way is it your view that the area known as d thirty nine ceases to be part of the open country just because a hedgerow and some trees obscure the view from it across more open country that is one the boundary to the north of these two sites is a very firm distinct feature and very it effectively cuts off the land the open agricultural land from these two fields and therefore visually it makes the paddock more part of skelton village you are are you not if you took it away i i it would be difficult to say quite how it would affect you are therefore uprating the importance of this hedge and er trees very greatly are you not you are giving them higher importance than the character of the ancient part of skelton but the trees are there tha a they add to that they are part of the character of that area and because they are there the risk of development taking place in this conservation area at some future date should willynilly be allowed to be increased which it would not if the trees and the hedge were not there is that your case well as ive said its difficult to comment different situation the physical features are different because it may well be that that land wouldnt be considered being part of the conservation area but trees and hedgerows are part of the open country they are an essential feature of the english countryside as we have in the known it are they not yes they are part of the features of the o open countryside but in this particular case the proximity of skelton village to that boundary and the juxtaposition of the of the of the houses around that area and the er other features make this paddock part and the adjoining part of the more visually part of the village mr sorry i was just going to sayi think mrs mrss really a answered the question as far as shes able to do yes there is one further concept sir which er mrs has obviously developed er which is a new concept and it is contained in her paragraph eight point four mrs you state that open land does not necessarily mean open countryside this is very interesting would you please elaborate well it means exactly what it says you dont wish to elaborate for us you could have you could have open land within within a village it doesnt necessarily mean its open countryside are you referring for instance mrs to the football ground which i notice is in the village mm i was commenting in response to the objectors proof in this particular case i was just taking that as a working example of the concept which youre putting forward yes i mean im saying that theres obviously open land within builtup areas that doesnt necessarily follow that it is open countryside for example the land at skelton hall could be regarded as open land but no one is suggesting that that should be part of the greenbelt but your council does admit that d thirty nine and d forty are open in character in as much as there are no buildings on them yes theyre open in yes theyre open in character because they are not part of the builtup area of skelton theyre open in character because theyre not built upon yes exactly you mentioned that permission has been refused erm in connection with development on d thirty nine on four occasions by ryedale is your council in full agreement with the attitude behind those refusals the county council as im aware was not actually consulted on these particular applications and therefore im not really in a position to be able to comment as what the county councils position thank you mrs no thank you very much sir well i think can i just clarify mrs the position as far as the council is concerned if i understand it correctly the inset for skelton is made not because of any question of policy e ten but to recognize the existence of a substantial builtup area which in the county councils opinion er does not cannot perform a greenbelt function is that correct thats correct yes and therefore in the county councils erm opinion the test which i need to adopt when i go to the site again is to look at it and er simply make a decision as to whether or not in my opinion the land is more properly a part of this builtup area which cannot perform a greenbelt function or is a part of the general extent of greenbelt around there and therefore by definition performs a greenbelt function thats right well youve set me a relatively straightforward test if that is the test thank you mrs just just er a point going along the road er on the a nineteen from the north towards er the village er if one assumed that there were to be some development on site d forty would you be able to see it from the road well as you approach the site from d er from north on the a nineteen you can catch glimpses of and also of the houses to the south of church lane and therefore any further development on that site would be seen against the existing backdrop of by the vegetation thats right yes does it make does it matter that the land is elevated above the road above the a nineteen this site is elevated above the road it may just mean that you might see er i mean is elevated above the a nineteen and indeed you can catch glimpses of it but the site itself there i there is a gentle yes slope yes level thats right yeah but the screening along the a nineteen is particularly dense right thank you very much mrs sir while mr yes is taking his seat im causing to be handed out this plan its merely a larger er larger plan showing how the settlement sits er within the surrounding field network and field pattern rightthank you thank you thank you very much a as it is simply er an ordnance sheet i i assume theres no need to give it er a document number i do i dont believe so sir thank you right thank you very much yes mr would you read your summary please the objection sites are located on the northern side of skelton village they consist of a horse paddock and rough grasslandthree point four hectarespoint five one acres and are bounded generally by trees hedgerows and rear gardens of residential properties the objectors object on the grounds that the village of skelton should be washedover by the greenbelt that the site should be identified as greenbelt and therefore it should be excluded from the built inset and that the development of the site would have an adverse impact on the surrounding area the district council have not addressed the issue of washingover the village of skelton within the greenbelt as this is a new issue not raised by the district council considers that the objection sites do not perform any of the greenbelt functions the district council also considers that the northern western western boundaries of the sites which comprise a line of trees hedge and track are appropriate welldefined and defensible greenbelt boundaries which separate the site from the open countryside beyond it the district council considers that the noninclusion of the sites in the greenbelt is because they do not perform a greenbelt function and not an indication that the sites are suitable for development particularly as sufficient housing land has been identified in local plan the district council considers that the sites may have a role to play in the longterm strategic land reserve although at this stage as no calculations have been carried out as to the requirements it is difficult to assess what role they might play furthermore the amount of white land identified in the local plan is a measure of whether land performs a greenbelt function and not simply a longterm strategic land reserve the district council considers that many of the object remaining objections are not greenbelt issues although they have taken the opportunity as follows that any future development of the sites would not be subject to normal planning controls cause detriment to the conservation area local listed buildings or the archaeology and natural history of the sites the traffic impact of any development could be accommodated without serious detriment to the surrounding areabut although the above constraints are not seen as insurmountable they may well act as a deterrent to development the noninclusion of the sites in the greenbelt does not constitute policy of southern ryedale the greenbelt and that the views of those who have not contributed previously should not be addressed for the above reasons the district council pleads that the two sites north of church lane skelton should be excluded from the greenbelt and i included in the inset yes remain there remain there please thank you mr please mr in these shifting grounds that we perceive around us as a result of the deliberations of your authority and north yorkshire county council it is difficult is it not always to be sure of the reasons which have caused the changes in view you say that the district council believes that the two sites to the north of church lane skelton should be excluded from the greenbelt and included in the inset for the village the case for the objectors is that they would wish the boundary proposed by your own authority at an earlier stage to be the boundary now the words that the two sites should be within the greenbelt mr a momentous change well i think its inevitable that er during the local plan process that erm that changes do occur the reason for for local plan consultation is such that erm it gives the opportunity for objectors to make comments and otherwise and that district council and the the county council erm should consider er objections and its i it it happens that erm the local authorities you know can change their mind as the process goes along and they take account of comments do they thats true it was at the very next stage wasnt it that you had this switch from a boundary which we could accept to one which we profoundly could not accept was that as the result of comments er as far as im aware it was yes could you explain the reason then behind your councils change of view well in the in the final analysis of the of the er the er considerations of these two sites the er area of ske skelton in general erm it was considered that they that they did not perform a greenbelt function did you search around for any other reasons such as the mention of a possible strategic reserve i think that er i think the question of a strategic reserve erm falls er as secondary to the to the fact that the the land or the sites do not perform a greenbelt function ive said in in in evidence that er in my evidence that erm that the sites may have a a role to play but that wasnt the reason for for f identifying the sites as white land it was principally because they didnt perform a greenbelt function whereas previously you thought they did that was presumably the district councils view at that time yes what was your own view well its difficult for me to say because i wasnt involved with the at that time most convenient for you how can you be sure that any future development of these sites would not have a deleterious effect on the conservation area the listed buildings the archaeology and the natural history well its not impossible that er that that developments er can take place erm without erm without having some effects but what what im basically saying is that erm it it er it wouldnt be a serious effect acceptable in normal planning terms and you have great shortage of im sorryo o one moment i think there was an extra wasnt there a a negative in that sentence which crept in unnecessarily could could you just say it again mr i i you said its not impossible i dont think you meant that did you can you just sa just say it again and let me see if ive got it ive got it right yes erm i personally sir did not detect any double negative there erm i think maybe mr er i as so far as i gotnot impossible for development to occur with these constraints its not impossible for development to take place even with these constraints yes yes thats what you yes i dont know whether thats precisely what you said but thats what the intention was yes i suggest that that is the meaning i got mr it is a matter of degree isnt it mr there is a possibility then you think that theres equally a possibility that damage might be minimized yes how great is your need for additional building land at skelton as i said in m in my proof er sufficient land has been identified in the in the local plan period it is not were not proposing that these sites should be allocated for development has your council determined any policy with regard to the period after two thousand and six in relation to the current plan in terms of in terms of building development we havent no we havent we as i said no calculations have been carried out do sites exist elsewhere in your area mr that are not so encumbered about by ancient history natural history conservation areaswhich might equally form a strategic reserve for your undefined posttwo thousand and six requirement there may be then why do you plump for one which has these impediments to look at it from that point of view well as ive s as ive said earlier erm what were basically saying is that because these erm sites do not perform a greenbelt function and er they then fall into a white land situation that that white land is a is an area of land that becomes er at the end of the plan period in two thousand and six er they are areas which could be considered development but youre looking at this from an inset point of view arent you you have gone along with the county councilthey want to move what they conceive to be an inset boundary i dispute that its an inset problem and therefore one is looking inevitably at the reasons for which you can moved an inset boundary supposing that one already exists which it doesnt but let us suppose it does the reasons for moving are relevant well the question as far as inset er is concerned weve weve already touched on this morning and i believe it was discussed yesterday erm the decision to inset the village of skelton erm has ha h has been taken by the authoritythe er the consideration and assessment of where the boundaries of the inset should lie erm is what were considering today yes and the move is proposed to include land which is not at present built on thats true yeah and the reason permitted reason under policy e ten the oldest statutory policy governing the movement of boundaries of insets is the existence of a need for that well i think i i think youre getting into the into the wrong argument however you do recognize that policy e ten and its requirement for proof of need is important in regard to the boundaries of insets well i i have you pushed out a boundary from the point of view of strategic requirements after two thousand and six anywhere else in your area not that im aware of no so skelton is immensely favoured looked at from your point of view its a other sites erm w would come into consideration at that at that time erm in the long term its not been the principle er reason for for excluding sites from the greenbelt you say mr that the constraints to which ive already referred may well act as a deterrent er to potential developers thats true do you think it would be a good idea to privatize planning control in the sense of letting it be up to developers to choose whether they should go ahead or not on the basis of what they conceive to be constraints or that that should be within the entire realm of the local planning authority i was simply making a comment at your your suggestions about the likelihood of development of the site er mr i i i have many matter to consider in my report so i lets not widen it even further into this rather wider philosophical matter certainly sir there is however one er overriding point here mr that is you recognize do you not that greenbelt protection includes the concept of the initial negative presumption that is not contained in any other area of planning thank you very much yes can i just be clear er mr you say as i understand it that er the possible er use of this land as a strategic reserve is not the main reason er for excluding it from the greenbelt is it a reason did it form any part of the councils i would think not well i i need to be sure on this er are you saying that it is any part of the councils case that this land th it its it is er a possibility that having this land as a strategic reserve er can er is of assistance or are you saying that it is simply er having included it in it might form part of a strategic reserve er er er two rather different approaches yes i asked mrs a question about the appropriate approach that i should make to this site in her opinion i dont know if you i hope you remember that question it was rather a long one i hope you remember even more her answer to it because the question isdo you agree with it i think youll have to re have to repeat the question oh dear right let me see if i can get it the same i do recall something of it now but i cant details well the point was as i recollect it er that my understanding as far as the county councils case was concerned was that er the village was not inset for e ten purposes it was inset to recognize what the county perceived as the physical reality of this being a substantial builtup area which fulfilled no greenbelt functions and the the question before them and therefore before me in r considering the objections is whether or not these sites are part of the general extent of greenbelt around the village or are a part of this village er which does not as a whole perform a greenbelt function and thats what im looking at when i make my site visit yes im sure that wasnt the same wording but i hope it was the the gist of it and im sure someone will correct me if ive got it wrong er i i i er now do you agree with mrss answer yes i do good right ive got no questions for you mr thank you very much case for the district sir thank you very much currently sir erm i i do propose mrs yes sir firstly because there is a slight divergence on matters of approach and secondly sir to deal with the factual matters right what what i propose not to do is to ask mrs to read her summary right c can i just be clear though er mr if er mr or i wish to ask questions on the original proof or about what what the witness is telling you mrs first of all can i invite you to look at your appendix number five er sir these are matters which arise out of the questions you last asked mrs what the local authority excluding d thirty nine and d forty of course is a matter for them can you assist us on the approach which you have adopted in terms not only of greenbelt function but of the need for a strategic reserve yes er the the basis of the erm objection er and erm justify longterm development needs not just in total but by recognizing making a major contribution to total land use but also erm that was the the written basis of the objection erm its also clear from correspondence i had meetings with officers of both councils following those objections erm at which we talked specifically about the greenbelt functions of this so both items were certainly er lodged yes both both aspects were lodged i cant say you know where the balance erm council authority er and can we in fact see your views as to the strategic reserve set out fully on page two of that particular yes yes in that theyre ex expanding thank you the second matter i wi wish to raise with you a arises out of mrs appendix twoand in particular paragraph twelve right could you just give us a moment to find that of course yes thank you appendix two paragraph twelve its the inspectors letter of september nineteen ninety yes right thank you we know from the appearances that you were present at that enquiry i did if we then look at paragraph five thats the first page of appendix twowe see here the appeal site has a long planning history it lies within an area designated as planning permission since nineteen sixty four yes i dont know whether it would be helpful sir if mrs could indicate on the plan recently handed in to you yes where that nineteen sixty four planning permission right lies erm that would be helpful perha perhaps if i the appeal site wedge with the erm intending to build a road through it the nineteen sixty four application er let me just say that aloud havent got the plan in what has just been pointed out to me is that the er smaller site that is the one with oakwood on it which im sure is familiar to er anybody present thats just opposite skelton manor and court and the larger site was the land to the east of oakwood incorporating this much larger pond w with what appears to be an island in it er running right up to the boundary of the conservation area i think yes yes yes now bearing those those facts in mind can we look at what paragraph twelve tells us several local objections state that the planning applications for the dwelling at the northern end of the site and the council implied that they would they would reconsider applications which site just pausing there for a moment can you point out to mr inspector where that er building was to be developedmrs yes the the erm a as ive just explained the the appeal site on that occasion was the the smaller enclosure yes erm now now including oakwood the council at before the enquiry and during the enquiry erm suggested that a better site for the development would be within erm the larger earlier site erm specifically at the extrusion the northern corner or northeasterly corner where i erm where ive marked er just be just below the track yes er is that it yes yes yes right right in right in the top corner erm the furthest possible point away from the village and paragraph twelve erm towards the the middle erm you can see the sentence in paragraph twelve to my mind these sites which were in that top corner lie well beyond the present im so sorry c before we just sorry interrupt just so that we can get the erm that sentence in context that that was what was being put forward by the planning authority then in the next sentence we have most of the suggested sites are included in the conservation area in the village and are separated from the builtup part of the village thats sites in the plural yes again where were they er along the northern boundary er in in the in the vicinity of the corner that ive marked with a star a a and then we have the sentence which you were just reading can you read it out again yes to my mind these sites lie well beyond the present builtup limits of skelton and land to the east north and west has a strongly rural character er in i in the light of your understanding of where those particular sites the objection sites were how do you interpret that sentence well th th i im im quite clear in my mind that the areas that the inspector was considering then were areas beyond the track to the north of the outside even the greenbelt boundary presently proposed by the two councils i im not clear still he he says he he mentions three directions east north and west west would appear to suggest d thirty nine i i see its the usual problem whe when the site is not aligned with the points of the compass thats right sir its a problem everyone writing decision letters finds and erm it does seem to be a problem well first can i can i say this the the erm a great deal of time at that enquiry was taken up with the alternative sites proposed by the council erm and their suitability in relation to the and we were looking at how this top corner of the map related to the surrounding that those those erm reference points east north and west do relate to the open land outside of that thank you thank you very much mr please mrs would you be so kind as to yes so that was indeed an location it was suggested by the erm chairman of the then southern area planning committee he wasnt giving evidence was he he erm he wasnt giving evidence at the enquiry but erm it was at his suggestion that i was asked to meet with the chief planning officer prior to the to talk about alternative sites and certainly mrs d thirty nine is west of that site and the inspector did mention west didnt he its west of that site yes its a good a good long way west of the site which ive marked by a star yes what importance do you attach mrs to the observation of the district council in relation to their erm district development plan which has for many years been used for development control of the following text which you quote in your paragraph three point six in the case of skelton o one moment please yes paragraph three point six of mrss proof in the case of skelton it has in the past ten years experienced significant residential development it is not considered appropriate that skelton should expand any further and therefore it is included within the greenbelt now forgetting for a moment that last sentence which were not concerned with just at this stage would you agree with that conclusion of ryedale district council it is it is its a statement of fact that in the ten years preceding the time er when that comment was written which was in the er mideightie mideighties erm that had been the case thats absolutely true erm whether and the district council as you say clearly clearly considered it appropriate that it should not expand any further at that time its not a view that i particularly share but erm it was their view at the time would you have shared that view with them at that time that it is not considered appropriate that skelton should expand any further i cant answer that because erm theres certainly nothing in the text of the plan to suggest why it was not considered appropriate erm and i dont know erm i i cant instantly think what factors erm might have gone into that consideration so i i dont i dont know what my answer would have been erm i its a its a very its a very vague statement isnt itit is not considered appropriate skelton should should expand er er you deal with cases all round the york area you would presumably have been aware that skelton had undergone a tremendous expansion on its south side it its its certainly er yes its certainly experienced so let us look at the present day and to take this wording do you consider that it is now appropriate that skelton should expand any further i dont think i can answer the question in that form is it appropriate that it should expand i i think there is certainly capacity erm for skelton to expand or i wouldnt be sitting here supporting erm the people i represent erm i think the the the two objection sites d thirty nine and d forty are suitable to a greater or lesser extent physically suitable for development whether skelton needs to expand at the present moment is not for me to say were not saying as you well know from my representations were not saying that these sites should be allocated for development now either in total or or in part unless the inspector feels that there is a shortage of housing land that he needs to be looking for additional sites what were are saying is there are the sites they dont have the development constraints that i would to the extent erm that you believe erm they have and skelton and the two objection sites are very well located a whole range of service facilities and employment opportunities and development on those sites would fit squarely within local plan policy but i return to the point i make here mr were not saying that these sites should be allocated for development now unless the inspector two very comprehensive answers do you think that any other sites on the periphery of skelton would allow for the requirement however distant it may be that you foresee as well as or better than d thirty nine and d forty no and yet other sites round skelton might not have the same characteristics with regard to environmental functions in relation to the historic centre of skelton that these two have mightnt they thats possibly true erm proximity to areas of character isnt in itself a constraint to development but in considering any possibility if development would you agree mrs that one must have regard to the suitability of one site versus another site in relation to damage which might be caused well i i refer you to the answer ive ive just given you youre making an assumption that damage would be caused erm by the development of certain sites and that it wouldnt be caused by the development of other sites i dont accept that damage is inevitable would you be prepared to answer the question were it not related to skelton and if i were to put it if you have an opportunity of two sites and the development of one is capable of causing damage to existing characteristics and the other is not would you go for the the one which would not cause damage rather than the one which would or would you willynilly plump for either well o well of course er one would go for the site which would erm to follow your hypothetical question not cause damage the other sites erm or other site on the periphery of skelton erm to which you drew my attention would have the potential if developed of causing a different sort of damage any any development has the potential to i dont accept that is it necessary or even likely that it would that it would er the the damage which could occur by developing skelton or expanding skelton erm to the east or to the south would would be damage to to different aspects erm planning planning issues planning considerations erm so we do not erm immediately do you agree with the policy of the planning authorities that in general villages around york should not be expanded thats a very sweeping statement yes it is er one has to exclude er for example strensall where tremendous development is proposed but as a general statement it has been made by the authorities do you agree with it i i dont i dont agree with the the erm general proposition that erm the character of every village within six miles of york erm is an important element or component of the character of the city i think thats far too sweeping a statement but you know perfectly well that i support the new settlement strategy and therefore in consequence i do support erm general limitations on the growth of settlements and expansion of settlements within the greenbelt thats not to say that i i believe that the villages er some of the villages are incapable of of thank you i am pleased to hear of your support for the principle of settlements which no doubt youll agree with me would tend to safeguard settlements within the greenbelt thats the the the very reason the new settlements strategy was accepted by the county council after the county councils initial opposition to it and their initial erm policy in favour of the substantial expansion of villages close to york indeed so mrs now in your paragraph six point three you say it is not one of the functions of the york greenbelt to protect skelton it is however a function of skelton to enhance the setting of york isnt it i im afraid i dont understand the question do you agree that the characteristics of skelton as we have considered them this morningmake a contribution to the setting of the historic city of york very slightly s i wont go into any attempt to quantify it thank you have you any view mrs as to the contribution which the road layout the layout of the lanes and the characteristics associated with those roads and lanes make to the medieval centre of skelton do i have any have any view view as to the nature of the contribution made by the road layout to the characteristics of the centre of skelton the the the road network in the centre of the village erm is of historic origins and the road network has dictated the pattern of development a around the roadsand that in turn has has helped to form the character of the village so i i dont distinguish between the the buildings and the roads and say o ones important to the character and the other isnt nevertheless you do say do you not that it is reasonable for this enquiry to consider access to the site to d thirty nine and d forty in general terms in indee indeed i do because if the if i say to the inspector that erm if he feels there is a need to identify additional areas for residential development near to york in the short term then i need to tell him that there are no overriding constraints to the development of these sites i put it to you that any alteration of church lane at any point between the a nineteen and the centre of the village would be seriously detrimental to the existing character of that area i dont agree with you erm the point that you put to me i think two or three questions ago wa was related as i understood it to the the alignment and the network of the lanes erm i accept that part of the character derives from the the wide verges because thats reflect reflecting their physical appearance erm but in their what in large measure the character of the lanes erm or or the importance of the lanes is in their their pattern their alignment and the impact that that has had on the distribution of buildings and spaces along them and i i dont see a limited widening of church lane to any access into either of these two sites were that to be required by the highway authoritya as having any significant impact on the character of the village erm so at least you agree that some widening of church lane at least as far as spring hill lane if not further would be necessary no nothing like as far as spring hill lane erm i think at at the at the very erm most it would be necessary to widen erm church lane as far as the western boundary of spring hill farm and as ive said in my evidence erm we have had engineering drawings erm produced erm to demonstrate you mean youd bring that access in on that western boundary yes yes it its an o its an option yes ye yes i realize these are options its an option that would work no i understand all that yes i d i erm i i me that that would have erm i believe very very limited erm a very limited impact on the village yes and and no impact at all on on the central mr has ve very vigorously explained his view that er you you can only inset for the purposes of e ten wou would you go that far if if i i think what i what i would like to say what what i think is that e ten erm its very difficult to make this point since its an approved policy in an an approved structure plan but i think e tens got it wrong thereve been several attempts to get e ten right since nineteen eighty mm but theyve still got it wrong well i i i think that i think thats got to be right because e ten refers to where the need for development has been established a nee a need for expansions been established erm given that were looking at a longterm greenbelt proposal and a comparatively relatively shortterm southern ryedale local plan erm i think its very difficult to for anybody to establish a need nowi in the terms of implied under e ten which is going to perhaps erm not show itself erm for for twenty or twenty five years in in terms of o of land allocationla land requirement erm and i i just think th th the wording of policy e ten is it it doesnt square with er national guidance for erm which requires areas to be left out of the greenbelt to provide for longterm development opportunities or development potential longterm development erm ive said previously in this enquiry that i dont agree with the county councils erm notes on on e ten but really i i think that thank you if anybody had any opportunity of getting e ten right it should be the department which the secretary of state to insert e ten because he is the highest authority in this youre not asking me to to and there therefore therefore merely to agree that the secretary of state is always right right er i im sure he is but may not er sir i i just have er one further point here eight point one four point four erm im much taken mrs er by your reference to there being lots of nooks and crannies where limited built development might go without causing harm to the character and setting of york mrs finally is this one of your nooks and crannies no thank you sorry ill let you finish that comment was made specifically in relation to the edge of the urban area of the citya as ive mr ive no sir oh yes right er you say in your proof er mrs that the site comprises two distinct parcels of land er are you referring there to the character of the land yes erm there appears yes all of those yes and and from the the land beyond er site fortys simply ungrazed yes land yes yes more and more yes right thank you erm as you travel up and down the a nineteencoming from the south er i er skelton appears very well developed yes quite close to the road coming from the norther the appearance of the village is rather different i think because it is masked to an extent by the existing vegetation that thats right but the yes er you you made the the point erm earlier that the erm i think you said the objection site is higher than the yes site forty is higher than the road which is which is perfectly true yes but in fact parts of the village are higher than the road and yes yes of course its always possible to see yes of course yes yes no im just trying to understand the implications of what might happen supposing at some stage this land were developed right so the site stands above the level of the road and yes see whatever is on the site this is correct yes i thi i think mrs mentioned the erm the the density of the existing vegetation along the a nineteen yes yes frontage yes yes erm its particularly dense as well along yes the northern boundary of of d forty yes erm mm but the the the corner as as as you travel along the a nineteen the the corner the the northwestern corner of of d forty yes and is very very heavily yes yes and obviously well be having a look at and included within the site within within the joint site is the the belt of trees included poplar trees yes and also have a yes those poplar trees that actually occur on the boundary between d thirty nine and d forty thats right yes it but its not just a row of poplar trees its its quite a wide er mix yes i see yes yes right yes im not sure that i im going to at some stage by a black line oh yeah er yes sorry sorry yes right thank you very much no more questions mrs thank you i i have only one point i would like to raise mrs and this is whether or not er you are in a position to give me any comments er in relation to the er colony of great crested newts in this pond or or is the only evidence before me that which er was given by mr erm i i i did this morning but ive handed it back to the district council access to their newt report which was referred to a couple of days ago erm i could perhaps get if theres anything more which is going to ass er ass er assist me in understanding it er i i i w would certainly find that helpful i in particular bearing in mind the point that er mr i is making that er newts seem to be as it were very choosy in where they er go bearing in mind the existence of at least three other ponds in skelton i would like to know whe how er why it is or whether it is that newts are only found in this pond and whether or not er the the survey has shown anything in either of er in any of the other ponds but that is perhaps a matter which is best looked at er over lunch can i before i adjourn the enquiry er for lunch can i just raise one other matter which i would be grateful er for i will raise it after consideration of er the skelton issue er because it doesnt concern this in any way but er i would like those concerned to consider the point this concerns the question of written representations er which i will be taking into account as im sure er you are aware many objections are being considered solely on written representation grounds er i asked before the enquiry at the preenquiry meeting that i should have such er any additional representations before the start of the enquiry inevitably er that has not been entirely acceded to and indeed to some extent er i can hardly be surprised as events move on during the course of the enquiry however it had been my intention and still will be my intention unless i am persuaded very strongly to the contrary that when i close the enquiry which i hope will be next wednesday i will have in my hands all of the representations that is to say both any additional re representations by objectors and the councilsreplies before i close the enquiry the effect of that would be that i would receive no further written representations after that time if either council receive anything additional it will be a matter for them to take them into account along with my report my report will not take er th these into account now bearing in mind the very short space of time between now and the close of the enquiry i want to be sure that as far as objectors and the council are concerned that this is a course of action which is both acceptable and practical as far as they are concerned i dont want you to give me your answers now i am as it were giving you the opportunity now over lunch to consider this matter it concerns you i think mrs i believe you have a number of sites where you are acting for objectors where you wish to make er additional rep representations if the course of action that i am suggesting and ind which is indeed consistent with the course of action i have been suggesting throughout this enquiry is to work then i need i would suggest tomorrow is probably the absolute latest for me to get anything from you and to give the councils any opportunity whatsoever to make any reply to them certainly it would be most unsatisfactory if i was to get your comments on wednesday so that the councils couldnt reply to them that that would plainly simply not work i think ive suggested the problem now and now im going to leave the parties to think about would be a need for expansion expansion involves built developm think ill under the circumstances ill give you er the the normal time and i will adjourn now until two fifteen to have a chance to think about that the enquirys adjourned until two fifteen it is now two fifteen i propose to continue er sir you raised a point about erm ponds a bit earlier and i have obtained some thats right yes information thats right er thanks to mrs er during the er luncheon recess er would you wish to hear that information good idea mr i was expecting that mrs was going to tell us about it you have the information then er you youre thinking about ponds are you mrn rather than newts are you er i think that er er triturus crestatus and ponds er in our present consideration go together sir right yes yes fine thank you and we must remember that we are not talking about any newts were talking about very special newts yes the great crested yes a protected species yes yes and a moment ago i had in front of me the relevant paper its escaped methe erm the gist of it sir is that english nature er carried out er last year a survey of ponds in this area though we are not certain that they were able owing to the exigences er created by the attitudes of certain landowners er to erm investigate every pond in the area i can however say that their conclusion with regard to the two other ponds at skelton which are mentioned in ryedale policy e n v eleventhat is to say the ponds near wrights manufactory and er that near the barratt development are apparently not found erm suitable er by the great crested newt and are inhabited largely by mallard erm i have already referred sir to the investigations which are proceeding with regard to the ability to erm as it were encourage er this er amphibian to go to other ponds and i would again call your attention to the state of the knowledge we have at the present time which is that that is not possible mr does mrs have anything to add well i i i if we i think mrs can er can assist could i just right recall her yes certainly yes its alright you can sit there mrs thank you i i knew of the existence of this of this report went to the enquiry on this tuesday by mistake but i two youve read it youve read it two minutes ago right erm and and thats why i thought id be more familiar with it well i didnt know id got it well er no its all right we weve got it here now so lets see what it has to say about it mrs erm map one is a map of pond ponds surveyed in connection with the production of this report erm i dont know whether i havent the erm er just tell us what it says please er i i i otherwise were gonna have to go through the exercise youve been through of identifying the right ponds it shows one two three four five six ponds er surveyed er in the area of skelton erm two of the erm and it then in a table identifies page twenty six yes page twenty six it lists two ponds erm in skelton with erm a total estimated newt population of eighty which two ponds are they erm one at the coach house and one at church view er the coach house one the one which were talking about yes yes yes and the other one sorry was church view church view that thats somewhat towards the centre of the village we we the the report also erm interestingly erm said that two thirds of the ponds in the parish of skelton were visited erm thats thirty one ponds virtually all of the rest remain unseen due to lack of permission so erm if thirty one is two thirdsanother fifteen or so ponds there are some more ponds in in in erm yes yes thats fine in skelton er not all of them still existed erm and three of the ponds eleven o of the eleven ponds erm referred to in the erm three of them were in gardens these are ponds which contain newts you say the three ponds two of the garden ponds great crested newts and then theres a third pond where the report notes that close access to grange farm was extremely difficult due to so erm yes there are ponds in skelton and erm two of them are yes fine thank you yes thanks very much for that information yes mr sir i have found the note yes there is just one further small item of information relating to the findings of english nature that i understand is that the lake at skelton hall is too deep to be found suitable by the great crested right thank you very much the only other question perhaps o on that one er mrs does the the pond within d thirty nine lie within er land owned by one of your various clients ye yes it it does and i think i made this point in erm in my evidence that it lies at the extreme erm southeastern corner of the paddock erm and if if this is making an assumption on the assumption that newts spread out equally in all directions from the pond erm part of their territory would be yes the question i i have is quite a simple one and that is i would like to actually see this pond slightly closer quarters than ive been able to ive been round the whole periphery of d thirty nine er other than the southern side er is it possible for me to get closer yes i i so i just go in to the paddock just go into into the paddock yes wh where where is the entrance to that is that the entrance near the coach house or or yes ah thank you swimming weve weve been issued with snorkel masks i should say investigations so it will be quite thorough i i cant i cant speak for th for the for the temper of the horses oh i see oh well in that case w we we will view it from from the coach house end i think it s it sounds safer thank you thank you very much right i think we move on then please mr do you yes sir excuse me very briefly thank you sir its our submission and the evidence of what you have heard and what you will see that the two sites proposed to be excluded from the greenbelt are functionally part of the village and distinct from the land the open agricultural land to the northand are visually a part of the village unrelated to the open countryside to the north put another way sir we say this that when one approaches the village in particular along the a nineteen which is the only public approach from the north the objection sites read as part of the village and not part of the countryside and there is a firm boundary between the objection sites and the countryside in particular the farm track to the north of d thirty nine it follows sir in our submission that neither of these sites performs a greenbelt function and therefore fall to be excluded from the greenbelt to that extent sir the submissions which we make are i anticipate common with those which will be made by both of the promoting authorities sir if you do come to the view however that one or both of these sites may have some as it were residual greenbelt functionsthen we ask you to bear in mind the matters raised in particular mrss appendix nineabout the need in the longer term that is beyond two thousand and six in particular for a strategic reserve and that is a matter sir which we invite you to weigh if but only if you come to the conclusion that these sites may have some greenbelt function sir to that extent er er my case is additional to that of the promoting sir the other matters which have been raised by mr are essentially issues of development controlunrelated to the issues of greenbelt function they sir will be considered or may be considered by the authority but if they are sir it will be in the context of concrete proposals and in the context of a forum which is appropriate to their discussion and sira local plan enquiry particularly where there is no specific allocation made is not an appropriate forum to apply development control policies to a wholly unformulated proposal sir the mistake which underlies that part of mrs submission is a very common oneand it is the assumption that greenbelt is as it were the residual category to prevent development which one might for nongreenbelt reasons not wish to see for all those reasons sir we invite you to report that these two fields should not remain in the greenbelt sir those are my submissions may i add er a valediction in the true sense of the word sir this is the last day as i understand it of the greenbelt enquiry y er the last day at which the county will be formally represented yes er sir to that extent it is the last day of the enquiry it certainly is sir the last day on which i shall be appearing at either of these enquiries sir may i in particular you sir thank you for the unfailing good humour with which you have conducted this enquiry a and also sir the courtesy which you have always shown to and i can also say sir i think without fear of contradictionthat of the hundreds of enquiries that i have done this is the only enquiry sir which will have la left a lasting impression thank you mr thank you mr mr please sir i dont propose to add anything you youve heard that er the case between ourselves and er my learned friend on the left mr are identical save in the one additional matter which he noted and its and i adopt his closing submission thank you very much mr please ive nothing further to add thank you very much thank you very much mr then please sir as has been known in other cases before you there have been many but what remains is the most important aspect of the whole namely your visit to skelton because it is on that occasion that you will already have and will on your final visit have made up your mind as to the nature of the northern part of the village of skeltonthe nature of the land immediately surrounding itwhether it be a paddock or a small fieldwhether it be more associated in the minds of some with the open country or in the minds of others with the village an area which is at present not built on which is openwhich has had greenbelt protection since nineteen eightywhich it is now proposed should no longer have it which it is recognized will thereby lose the benefit of the initial negative presumption unique in planning whereby the task of the local planning authority and the onus is on them without the initial negative presumption the task before the local planning authority in refusing permission is made that much more difficult and why should this task be laid on them two reasons have been suggested to you sir went so far as to almost in writing as part of the reasoning for the proposed change by ryedale and that is a nebulous strategic reserve no mention in the greater york study no mention in any plan before us of what this reserve might be required for or where it might be located only here has lets call it that sir i invite you attach no importance at all to that ridiculous concept in relation to this highly important piece of land and sir the other strand which weve heard a good deal about has been the nature of the vegetative screen which occurs between d thirty nine and d forty on the one hand and land to the north of it on the other sir it would be a sad day if we determined matters of er greenbelt boundaries on the basis of relative screening hedges and trees are a normal part of the countryside i need say no more there is no dispute that that boundary is capable of being a suitable greenbelt boundary but i believe from the written evidence that there is equally no dispute that the boundary which has existed for ten years the tight boundary is also capable of being a suitable greenbelt boundary if indeed there is to be an inset when i say existed for ten years er i i did make a slight mistake in that for ten years erm the village however the reference has been made to the characteristics of that boundary and although the authorities would prefer the characteristics of the one which they now propose they do not say that the characteristics of the tight boundary are ones which are unacceptable and therefore we come back to the nature of the land in relation to the contribution it makes to the character of skelton and to the consideration which you have had in other cases regarding the character of villages and the acceptance that they preserve the special character of historic york there must be no doubt as to that conclusion very recently we have regard to the wildlife reference has been made to the sir the pond in d thirty nine has been shown to be a breeding place for the great crested newtbut it is also known that it migrates to other pondsseveral others but does not necessarily breed there but chooses at skelton sir i believe that you should not overlook the view of the inspector relating to the planning application within the grounds of skelton hall when he made reference to land west of the site concerned i have no doubt myself that in the expansion of land to the west er d thirty nine and possibly d forty would and i think that his comment that development should not extend so far north is relevant if indeed therefore this land performs a significant function with regard to the character of skeltonone should have regard to what the effect on that character would be if development were development of any kind and i have already given you my opinion it would be catastrophic mention has been made as to the nonexistence of an allocation for housing and as to the suitability of this forum for consideration of the effect which would take place of development with or without the existing allocation sir i see no difference one can make ones assumptions about the effect of development on a particular piece of land on the basis of the best information available to one at one time one does not necessarily need an outline or a full planning application in order to do so im quite clear that i do not need either an outline or a planning application in order to arrive at my conclusion that the effect of any development on these sites would be deleterious to the historic character of skelton sir i commend to you the expert evidence relating to the historic character and i hope sir when you visit this site although it may look very different at this moment from the way it would have done had you been able to visit it after the originally scheduled date of this enquiry when the daffodils were out i did visit it that day im so pleased im so pleased i believe that in all seasons of the year one would find that it had a most delightful character thank you very much mr well that concludes consideration of the skelton topics i would like to turn before adjourning the enquiry today to the question of the treatment of the remaining written representations mr erm sir yes i mean we certainly have views on this er and er you have er encouraged us to express them sir er you hinted that er if there are to be further written representations youd be looking to directing a cutoff date and you hinted at i think tomorrow as being one possibility sirso that you could leave this enquiry on wednesday with all the papers you need and receive nothing more by way of written representation evidence or any other documentation whatsoever i put the suggestion sir we certainly would welcome a cutoff date tomorrow were not sure whether any further written representation or representations or evidence of any kind are going to arrive which might concern us but we cant discount that possibility but sir we do have some doubts as to whether we would be able to respond to any that should arrive at let us say five oclock tomorrow afternoon bylet us say close of play on wednesday sir that that provides a very very tight timetable and up up to now the ordinary timetable has been we had two weeks to respond to objections sir we would er my suggestion would be that if tomorrow were the cutoff date that we be given the ordinary two weeks in which to respond and what we would do in those circumstances sir is if the late objections er the objections or representations that were to arrive er up to let us say five oclock tomorrow we would er deal with and then send on to you with copies to the objector of course th theres there are two other points i id like to raise thats my suggestion i i i i in that case sir should any additional representations be sent directly to you after the close of the enquiry i i i for one dont know whether this would happen or not but what are the administrative arrangements for dealing with that er you mean er from objectors from objectors well they they will not they er they they should not be received by me any which are sent to er which of course would be the only way in which i could be contacted yes er would be returned to the appropriate council er i i would receive nothing then they would be returned to us sir and then if appropriate they would be dealt with in the context er of your report and the of the report it would be a matter for the council concerned to decide in er itself what it wanted to do with them im im very grateful for that information sir thank you mr yes sir all i can say is this we would urge you very strongly to er put a deadline er on receipt of er further objections by tomorrow sir but some of these proofs have been missing all of the discussion and they are literally months past their original fixture date if any are received erm by the cutoff date then it has to be my my submission that we have to have a reasonable time to respond you dont need reminding sir that er ryedale tuesday and wednesday and wednesday is a very very busy last day my officers just cannot deal with these late proofs in days erm sir what i can tell you is this in relation to every matter in respect of which there is an outstanding written we have just about now prepared a general proof its not a rebuttal although one tries to anticipate what objectors will say and you will have all of those documents before you leave on wednesday but i cannot and i dont think youd be right to expect my officers to prepare detailed rebuttals goodness knows what will be in these late proofs they appear to be taking months to prepare er we have to have a reasonable time to respond two weeks would seem reasonable now i dont know of course who else may be er wishing to comment it may well as far as i know its it is only mrs er who has said i im sorry to er to say this mrs you are the only person who has said that you wish to produce additional representations it could be others are keeping quiet about this i dont know they may theyre likely to miss the date altogether er what is the situation as far as you are concerned yes erm theyre not theyre not add additional representations theyre not additional to anything that ive said weve heard during the enquiry er they are outstanding matters which are to be dealt with erm i hear exactly what mr says erm in my experience its quite normal for erm a period after the close of the enquiry to be erm given to erm the planning authority or authorities to on other matters which are outstanding at the close of the enquiry whether its two weeks whether its whether its very very common its its reasonable that the authority should have that opportunity to erm for my own part i dont know er i would certainly find it very difficult to get my remaining written submissions to erm by five oclock tomorrow what you are suggesting then is that the time should be extended from five oclock friday to five oclock monday er but that er there should be a period of two weeks after that er to for whichever council or councils are going to respond for them to make i i i mak making a general point im not necessarily in connection with anything i might its its very common practice in my experience which seems to me very reasonable ermagain in my experience the a any additional material usually runs from the close of the enquiry and im well aware of of the turning up at the end of the enquiry can i put to you mrs my problems as an inspector on this and perhaps then youll understand you know why it is that i am trying to get this er all written material before the end of the enquiry and that is quite simply that i of course need to read all of these documents thats is obvious but having read them it is first of all possible that i may have some queries on them it is possible that there may be for instance some appalling typographical gremlin er has crept in to something so that something makes a nonsense i am not in a position to query that once i adjourn the enquiry er something else may be a query because i dont understand the reasoning that is put forward this can apply either to objectors or to the council er i it is something which can always happen the other possibility er is that having read it the site visit that i will have made in any event either already or or at some time during the latter part of next week i may discover there is something which one of the parties points out which i havent looked at because i didnt realize that it was relevant and this causes me difficulties in that i have to either imagine what it was or come back again to see whatever the er item in question is and youll appreciate in all of these cases there are administrative er difficulties involved yes i i i do indeed and this has been a a a long enquiry but but it it isnt the longest enquiry in this part of the world in in living memory erm yes it its i have myself been involved in a considerably longer local planning enquiry mrs and er i certainly wish to learn from experiences there and elsewhere where problems over late documents have occurred er i agree it i it is something that er is hard to avoid im anxious to avoid it if i can it seems to me perhaps under the circumstances the furthe the best that i can do is to set off er up a er cutoff date for objectors of the end of this coming monday that at the very least gives me the opportunity er to at very least glance through i dont know how long theyre going to be of course but at very least glance through them to see what i need to see to see if theres any which is selfevidently requiring further comment or further site visit and er i can then give the councils a further two weeks in which to respond to that and er other than those responses er other than whatever comes in er next mon by next monday i will not consider i will simply arrange for that to be sent to the councils for them to take into account alongside but not part of my report w would you be content with that yes yes i a i accept that i i fully accept that anything which is received from anybody after the responses after the end of the enquiry er i i i have your notice mr er agreed it seems to me that nothing really turns on the difference er if im going to give two weeks after anyway for the councils i dont really think it makes a great deal of difference whether it be friday er afternoon or monday afternoon er are y are you content with that yes sir i i wouldnt seek to dissuade you from that sir thank you mr are you also happy with that arrangement happy might be the wrong word but i er no know when im beaten sir im grateful well tha that that deals with er that point now this is not the end of the enquiry i still have at least two days i hope it will be only two days longer next week before the enquiry as a whole is closed it is however the final formal appearance of the team who have been representing north yorkshire county council and i wouldnt want this opportunity to slip without thanking them all mr mrs and all of the others in their team who have spoken on behalf of the council you have thank you have helped mr and myself very considerably er in this enquiry you have been patient and you have worked hard and i fear on many occasions late into the night im sure you have proved adaptable and er you have been goodtempered may i thank you very much for your assistance to us both during the course of this enquiry i would also like to thank you mr er for your attendance at various times and mrs likewise as neither of you again will be returning the enquiry er sir before you do close the enquiry today sir while were in the thanksgiving mode well i i dont want to go through er er there is no need no no no i i there are two things that i would like to say on behalf of the county council er one is er on behalf of the county council i would like to thank the two programme officers ian and they have been extremely efficient and effective in carrying out their onerous tasks and theyve been of enormous assistance in ensuring the smooth running of this enquiry and indeed it has run smoothly and sir both of you both you sir mr and you sir mr er i would like to thank you for the way in the way you have conducted this enquiry youve extended courtesy patience and fairmindedness to all so that youve been a tribute to the enquiry process if i may say so its enabled us all to work and to conduct our cases in as an amiable atmosphere as the adversarial system allows and we are grateful for that we look forward to reading your report in due course thank you mr i will be adding my comments as far as the programme officers are concerned at the close of the enquiry the enquiry itself is now adjourned until tuesday the twenty seventh of this month at ten oclock thank you demandolx demandolx is a commune in the alpesdehauteprovence department in southeastern france nymphaeales nymphaeales is an order of plants which consists of water lilies and other aquatic plants this order is considered to be a basal or early diverging group of angiosperms the families of this order are united by being families of aquatic herbs and are known from the fossil record as early as the lower cretaceous
dreadlocks dreadlocks also called locks or dreads are coils of hair which are made by themselves in all hair types if the hair is allowed to grow naturally without grooming for a long time they are part of some religions like the rastafarian religion in jamaica people who do not have to have dreadlocks because of their religion sometimes have dreadlocks as well a lot of them do not let their dreads form naturally but make dreadlocks themselves there are different ways in which people help their hair go together to form dreadlocks backcombing braiding and twisting are some of the different techniques used to form dreadlocks dreadlocks are one kind of protective hairstyle they can stop the hairs from breaking rippey iowa rippey is a city in iowa in the united states henet henet or the pelican is an ancient egyptian goddess she has to do with pelicans the pyramid texts talk about henet the pelican henetin egyptian is shown on the walls of tombs of people from the pharaohs court henet is in scenes of farm animals henet is in royal funerary texts from the pyramid age as a protective symbol against snakes the description of the pelican falling into the nile seems connected with the idea that dangerous things are disguised as fish and the pelican will capture them in its large beak this is similar to the dragnets and bird nets used for trapping sinners in the underworld scholars think that henet is a goddess because she is calledmother of the kingin the pyramid texts in ancient egypt that only meant a goddess in nonroyal funerary papyri the pelican can predict safe travel for a dead person in the underworld the open beak of the pelican is also associated with the ability of the deceased to leave the burial chamber and go out into the rays of the sun possibly an analogy made between the long cavernous beak of the pelican and the tomb shaft vasantha vallabharaya temple vasantha vallabharaya temple is a temple dedicated to the deity vasantha vallabharaya the hindu god vishnu it is in vasantapura in bangalore it dates back to the chola period jamestown louisiana jamestown is a village in bienville parish louisiana united states
aedes aedes is a genus of mosquito originally found in tropical and subtropical zones but has spread by human activity to all continents excluding antarctica several of the species transmit important human diseases and one speciesaedes albopictus is the most invasive mosquito in the world the name comes from the greekaēdēs meaningunpleasantorodious so called because of the diseases this type of mosquito transmits including dengue fever and yellow fever momordica charantia momordica charantia is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family cucurbitaceae widely grown in asia africa and the caribbean for its edible fruit it is also called bitter melon or bitter squash it is grown in asia africa and the caribbean for its edible fruit it is known for its bitter taste endothermic process an endothermic reaction is a reaction between two elements or compounds that absorbs heat energy if more energy is needed to break the bonds than the energy being released energy is taken up therefore it is an endothermic reaction bay harbor islands florida bay harbor islands is a town of florida in the united states stream a stream is a natural flow of water moving across land between banks it is smaller than a river the primary meaning of stream is a body of water confined within a bed and banks and detectably flowing synonyms or related words include river creek tributary run branch brook bourne wash and fork navigable streams are sometimes called waterways though the term may apply to any size of permanent and natural water feature except oceans in the united states an intermittent stream that only flows for part of the year is marked on topographic maps with a line of blue dashes and dots in desert areas of the american southwest this also includes washes which only flow after thunderstorms or other significant rains a blueline stream is one which flows for most or all of the year and is marked on topographic maps with a solid blue line in australia an intermittent stream is usually called a creek and marked on topographic maps with a solid blue line streams that form only during and immediately after precipitation are called ephemeral streams streams in geographic terms are awarded order designations a stream of the first order is a blueline stream which does not have any other blueline stream feeding into it a stream of the second order is one which is formed by the joining of two or more blueline streams a thirdorder stream is one below the confluence of two or more secondorder streams a fourthorder stream is formed by the confluence of at least two thirdorder streams and so forth typically streams are said to have a particular profile beginning with steep gradients no flood plain and little shifting of channels eventually evolving into streams with low gradients wide flood plains and extensive meanders the initial stage is sometimes termed ayoungstream and the later state amatureoroldstream however a stream may meander for some distance before falling into ayoungstream condition the gradient of a stream is a critical factor in determining its character and is entirely determined by its base level of erosion the base level of erosion is the point at which the stream either enters the ocean a lake or pond or enters a stretch in which it has a much lower gradient it may be applied to any particular stretch of a stream in geologic terms the stream will erode down through its bed to achieve the base level of erosion throughout its course if this base level is low then the stream will rapidly cut through underlying strata and have a steep gradient and if the base level is relatively high then the stream will form a flood plain and meanders when a stream flows over an especially resistant stratum and forms a waterfall or cascade or for some reason the base level of erosion suddenly drops perhaps as a result of a fault the resulting sudden change in stream elevation is called a nickpoint the stream of course expends kinetic energy intryingto eliminate the nickpoint meanders are looping changes of direction of a stream these may be like sinewaves typically over time the meanders dont disappear but gradually migrate downstream however if some resistant material slows or stops the downstream movement of a meander a stream may erode through the neck between two legs of a meander to become temporarily straighter leaving behind an arcshaped body of water termed an oxbow lake or bayou a flood may also result in a meander being cut through in this way the point of origin of a stream is called the headwaters or source the entire basin drained by the stream is termed the watershed every watershed is made up of smaller watersheds while most watersheds are parts of larger watersheds for instance the continental divide in north america divides the atlantic ocean watershed from the pacific ocean watershed but the atlantic ocean watershed may be first divided into the atlantic ocean drainage and the gulf of mexico drainage this is termed the eastern divide the gulf of mexico watershed may be divided into mississippi river basin and a number of smaller watersheds such as the tombigbee river watershed the mississippi river watershed includes the ohio river watershed which in turn includes the kentucky river watershed and so forth the point at which a stream empties into an ocean or other large body of relatively level water is termed the mouth there may be an estuary or delta at the mouth some streams flow underground through unconsolidated sediments or through caves especially with caves a stream may flow above ground for part of its course and underground for part of its course when a stream emerges from an underground course it is termed a spring the study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is important in environmental geography or environmental geology
voiced alveolar implosive the voiced alveolar implosive is a sound used in some spoken languages it is not in english kirbyville missouri kirbyville is a village in taney county missouri united states bad kohlgrub bad kohlgrub is a municipality and a spa town in the district of garmischpartenkirchen in upper bavaria in germany schonstett schonstett is a municipality in rosenheim a district landkreis in upper bavaria postal codes in switzerland the postal codes of swiss cantons
sodium hypophosphite sodium hypophosphite is a chemical compound its chemical formula is nah2po2 it contains sodium and hypophosphite ions properties it is a white solid it is a strong reducing agent when it is heated it produces phosphine gas and sodium phosphite it is quite poisonous it can be oxidized to sodium phosphate preparation it is made by heating white phosphorus in sodium hydroxide solution this makes phosphine gas and sodium hypophosphite uses it is used for nickel plating without doing electrolysis permit a permit is a written document that has been given by a government source permits let a person do something that he could not do without the permit permits are commonly gotten for these reasons european economic area the european economic area eea was established because of theagreement on the european economic area an international agreement which lets the extension of the european unions single market to members of the european free trade association marquee a marquee is a large tent used for hosting events interior interior may refer to
barbâtre barbâtre is a commune it is found in the region pays de la loire in the vendée department in the west of france wixon valley texas wixon valley is a city in brazos county texas united states trader a trader is a person that goes around and buys things see merchant for more information maysville missouri maysville is the county seat of dekalb county missouri united states prank phone call a prank phone call is when someone calls a phone number to play a practical joke on them one example is a john cena prank phone call prank phone calls are popular
saltire a saltire is a diagonal cross used on flags and in heraldry for example the flag of scotland named st andrews cross has a white saltire on a blue flag the union jack the flag of britain has two saltires of different colours a white saltire copied from the flag of scotland and a red saltire taken from a flag of ireland named st patricks cross ambleteuse ambleteuse is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france montgomery ohio montgomery is a city in hamilton county ohio united states carquefou carquefou is a commune it is found in the region pays de la loire in the loireatlantique department in western france leo valdez leo valdez is a fictional character from the childrens book series the heroes of olympus by rick riordan leo is the son of the greek god hephaestus and the mortal woman esperanza valdez he has powers such as pyrokinesis and immunity to fire he also learned building and engineering from his mother hes also an exceptional builder and built the argo ii leo valdez has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia leo is 15 years old at the start ofthe lost hero the first book in the heroes of olympus series he is the best friend of jason grace and piper mclean he has called many different names throughout the heroes of olympus series such as chef leo the tofu taco expert admiral leo supersized mcshizzle man bad boy supreme supreme commander of the argo ii flaming valdez hot stuff and the dread pirate valdez at the end of blood of olympus he kills gaea in a big fiery explosion killing himself in the process he gets revived from the physician cure
mechernich mechernich kölschmeischernisch is a town in euskirchen a districtkreisin north rhinewestphalia districts the districts of mechernich are antweiler berg bergbuir bergheim bescheid bleibuir breitenbenden denrath dreimühlen eicks eiserfey firmenich floisdorf gehn glehn harzheim heufahrtshütte holzheim hostel kalenberg kallmuth katzvey kommern kommernsüd lessenich lorbach lückerath mechernich obergartzem rissdorf roggendorf satzvey schaven schützendorf strempt urfey voißel vollem vussem wachendorf weiler am berge weißenbrunnen weyer and wielspütz twin town the twin town of mechernich is nyons france apartment hotel an extended stay hotel apartel or serviced apartment building is a lodging establishment that rents hotel rooms or suites on a longer term basis than traditional hotels they can make great alternatives to traditional apartment complexes as theres no lease involved yet the units offer similar amenities to conventional apartments such as kitchenettes so people can cook in their rooms instead of going to restaurants for every meal units in extended stay hotels usually rent by the week and communial facilities usually include a guest laundromat conference rooms business centres cafes etc forchheim district forchheim is alandkreisdistrict in bavaria germany the regnitz river runs from south to north through the district max rockatanskymadmax rockatansky is a fictional character appearing in themad maxmovies he is played by mel gibson and by tom hardy diy diy ordo it yourselfis a method of home improvement where the home owner gets materials and tools for themself then does the work on their own without professional help diy can also mean using any skill to do work or a hobby for fun and not hire help an example is an activity in arts and crafts a diy culture is also used in the alternative rock punk rock and indie rock music scenes and in the zine community
santa maria hoè santa maria hoè is acomunein the province of lecco in the lombardy region in italy stifftailed duck the stifftailed ducks are part of the oxyurinae subfamily of ducks all have as their name implies long stiff tail feathers which are erect when the bird is at rest all have relatively large swollen bills these are freshwater diving ducks their legs are set far back making them awkward on land so they rarely leave the water their unusual displays involve drumming noises from inflatable throatsacs head throwing and erecting short crest feather sequences are complicated and it is hard to tell how old one of these ducks is feathers are vital for survival because of this animals tendency to spend time in the water without feathers this duck would die of hypothermia because it could not regulate its body temperature nucleon in physics and chemistry a nucleon refers to any subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom for instance protons and neutrons are nucleons since they are in the nucleus of the atom nucleons are made of quarks nucleons and their properties types of nucleons the main types of nucleons are protons and neutrons a proton has a positive electric charge and a neutron has a neutral electric charge meaning that it has no charge the two in the nucleus of the atom make a positive charge since the neutron has no charge at all electrons are not nucleons because they are not in the nucleus of the atom the other types of nucleons areantinucleons these are the antiparticles of the nucleons the strong force and nucleons the fundamental force responsible for holding the nucleons together in the nucleus is called the strong force ehrenkirchen ehrenkirchen is a municipality in breisgauhochschwarzwald in badenwürttemberg germany it has five districts ortsteile ehrenstetten kirchhofen norsingen offnadingen and scherzingen comic strip a comic strip is a series of panels with cartoon drawings in them that make a story sometimes comic strips are humorous and sometimes they are serious famous examples of comic strips are there are comic strips in newspapers and on the web comic strips on the web are called webcomics penny arcade and xkcd are famous webcomics
the donga ilbo the donga ilbo hanja is a big south korean newspaper dermal bone a dermal bone membrane bone is a bony structure that is part of the intramembranous ossification the bone that helps fetus development in mammals it is part of the vertebrate skeleton these include the skull jaws gills fins and exoskeleton saveuse saveuse is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france metsapere metsapere is a village in emmaste parish hiiu county in northwestern estonia morpheus the matrix morpheus is a main character ofthe matrixfranchise he is portrayed by laurence fishburne biography morpheus of the resistance wanted to find neo by phone calls as neo finds him in the matrix morpheus offers him to take either a red pill or a blue pill to join him into the real world neo took the red pill
meta department meta is a department of colombia its capital is villavicencio the meta river crosses the department london borough of bexley the london borough of bexley is a london borough in south east london how are you fine thank you ive got a find your headache but surviving i feel a lot better oh well i went for a walk out this morning but i just couldnt stand it no its no good im gonna have to go out for a breath of fresh air im better going do you but ive got to be honest with you you know no so he says im going out i said oh i feel im going out for half an hour thats all yeah i cant see the pleasure you know so you seem a lot better got a lot of washing to do lie down yeah hed like that yeah hed like that i know but i thought so ive bit busy with other things anyway i thought what id do was id have a bath i thought id put all the back in the fridge yeah and ive gotta put that erm on tonight as well yeah so that might be as well yeah see i dont feel as i did last night but its still there you know i just take some more tablets like you know yeah but er nearly getting rid of it but ive really cracked it and its bloody awful it does no oh aye it does really cold really its horrible we didnt do him any good at all telling me he got six points for a driving convic for er speeding conviction halfords i should think oh right when he got erm oh smell it see if it smells alright got any oh we have to thats why aye mm too much i got your er table things they do them in packs of fifty but in oh a split pack i got sixty that should be enough shouldnt it oh or did i get seventy i think i got seventy just to be sure i thought sixty oh alright thats alright was enough so i got seventy oh right cos theres only fifty yeah so i got seventy as i said they do they must do them themselves and sell oh right theyve got a well in that shop oh have they yeah its all bricked up what else youve been doing oh ive done a bit of drawing you wanna get your hair cut while youre there yeah yeah i ought to go and get changed yeah well dont stand about yeah thats alight ill get oh yes changed ill just leave them ticking over then yeah i wont be long yeah okay just go and get myself changed yeah i mean you see worksvans all over the place regular yeah naughty boys i never thought about that ha oh not if they keep his licence no speeding dangerous driving dangerous driving cos he made the old woman give over and overtook somewhere totally stupid and probably find he had no brake he was slowing down anyway what are we gonna do its spitting and spotting innit yeah fancy having another cup of tea yeah thats if you look at it like you only get two chances at speeding now mm which is harder than it used to be mustve been four then wasnt it yeah three points like you get four gos yeah thatd be right get one more go than you used to now you get one left tightened up on that havent they mm dont half your er insurance now dont it you get yep a speeding doesnt never did anyway bother them no not unless you had a dangerous driving or something with it but er losing your licence always has bothered them hadnt it mm thats always cost you is there a very old granada mm way back aye ah yes it is yeah yeah probably buy hundred quid hundred quid yeah aye and he had a dangerous driving or a speeding i think it is mm horrendous insurance bill he says i cant afford scrap cost him more cost him about six or seven hundred quid a year cheaper to buy a blimming er cheaper to insure a car wouldnt it mm oh no matter what he gets its always over five hundred quid cos hes hes yeah lost his licence in the past and you know when he was a kid like mm and all that takes a long while before they forget about that doesnt it yeah making himself an extra five hundred pound a year for er having been a naughty boy when he was a teenager mm thats what its about now innit yeah its all the he is actually quite sane now though yeah well its like this fellow that got done for speeding when did he get done er thur no wednesday sat there watching them catch him up he didnt see them before they got him stopped like saw them catch him up coming along with all their blue lights thinking theyd been in er garage at bottom mm aye wed had a little car before he got there he said are you speaking to the no noaround town he says i dont mind doing a bit more you know out and about not much about they just sat in the traffic you know mm but erm so had it been a foxhalls something about a minute no he said only for about a mile that was it i said oh about forty seconds and he sort of looked i says well at sixty you do a mile in a minute so i said if its only for a mile its going to be well less than a minute at eighty presuming you were doing more than thereabouts and er that was it but the car hed er he says oh that was funny he says i blew past him popped into fourth i blew past him real easy going up the come out at foxhalls at forty i think he did he can come through foxhall like and he hed had to speed up he says and then he says he didnt carry on like he hadnt been doing and er reckon he and er think im and that was it so right been driving since he was nineteen two or three months ago i think it was i remember him saying once before i dont i dont know what and er he says its only a fortnight ago since you know you get done for pulled up for speeding or parking or something and you can pay your own fine so i went home anybody gonna pay me fine he says i am gonna cop it off me mother cop it of his mother youre always going too fast i told you before he says me dad al me dad was always speeding he he used to go mad mm slow down yeah obviously watching wasnt wasnt watching his mirror very hard he hadnt seen copper trying to get him caught up i wonder how much he was using mirror when he was overtaking people mm yeah whether he was just watching what was coming from the front mm saw him coming have to get it cos neils mum was cross about it oh well he was only just finding out what the rules were there was a gang of us chatting with him i come up with six points that made his day he says have i got a fixed penalty i says only got a pink form if youve got a fixed penalty know somebody who got one like no only a bloke ive never seen one had one yeah thatd be richard mm only hes got to take his licence and insurance in as to what happens now he says ive to go to magistrates court so its just beginning to sink in that its gonna cost him some brass and its going to be serious one of them there was of the opinion who could quite easily lose his licence for it like he got done what he do run a chief constable over no no he got done for speeding he was over the over the limit and had a small quantity of drugs with it dont think hed actually taken them but he had as a mm possession they did him about eight hundred pounds in motoring offences aye phew speeding while slightly over the limit it was him having speed having having speed oh god mm wheres today dunno he started to come over didnt he yeah they dont come any worse get a cup of tea in between werent we mm i dont think it wouldve bothered us when it was spitting and spotting if wed actually been out there would it its just setting off in it aye yeah blue sky i can see a bit of blue up there today no if you were off to do something and being mucked around for the day innit mm took my a long while ago not surprised to see them now only ran out a month ago just as well so late ive been waiting for to come i got some here come in this morning she says they ran out beginning of september last year we hadnt thought about it i thought i was late mine have been in oh i dont know a good month innit a slightly bigger like a fish box or what lobster pots making a smell yeah dont i know name when it come up like that anyway we can sort the problem because youll take them back a wont youput them outside your house creating a smell they were playing up pretty fair stack of them i should think wasnt there mhm dont know if the sons got out yet been doing time aye i dont know they didnt catch him he had an argument with a kid two or three years ago aye and er they set off in hot pursuit it was in back of a pickup driving through with a shotgun shooting the guy still in the back of a pickup shooting over the roof like yeah oh they didnt get him for that one blimming good job no they just got him for beating somebody bloody good job youd think after that one theyd have thrown the keys away for that mm the kid hadnt done much get an extra two years for missing the kid hadnt done much i mean it was nowt serious you know i had a moving traffic accident yeah wasnt trucking there you know or owt like that no sense of humour got brought a pushbike wheel the other day can you get the cogs off that why well they go a lot better on that bike of mine i dont think so oh pity so what youve done to bend the wheel i havent the gaffer knocked somebody off their pushbike had to buy him a new wheel and some compensation scrounge the wheel how do you get them off he says you go to a pushbike shop and get special tools ring spanner things with the mm keys on the outside pumps and things on it to i wouldnt bother a new set of back cogs for bikes only about seven quid a brand new set and they come with the ra with the erm free wheel and everything all in like just screw them on go to a pushbike shop they whip them off and whip them on for you you buy you know if you go out and buy one then just take wheel with you theyll stick them straight on mm that fellow dont go to the police lucky to get away with having to buy him a wheel compensation unusual innit its very expensive thats why its unusual sixty nine ninety nine is that all right it is done isnt it why have you got that on your head whats it doing take it off oh yeah take it off mm take it off i dont like it take it off what whats wrong with you what what hes bloody mad hes potty off his rocker where did you get it get what the thing well why well why do you need it why do you need a towel why do you need a towel why er why game mum and dads got it come on mum go get in the blooming bath why ill rewi rewind that actually heard what you say you must be very naughty and nasty thing to be to your son i cant have a sweet then well youre not give me a sweet an all should give me a sweet you know you should youre gonna turn it off because i wanna tear you off a strip about something me yeah why what are we talking about mum whats hamlet about pardon whats hamlet about hamlet yes i dont know much about shakespeare the only play ive seen is romeo and juliet and a midsummer nights dream to er see rome and juliet mm and i think i need to make it up when is i dunno well you better find out then what do ya mean i alw im only saying it cos i got well no if you can go you give me the money for it if its within reason as i assume it will be five pounds thats okay w would it make much difference for you lending me the money not a lot well theres a quite a bit of difference between five and fifty isnt there and the one thing is for your educational needs and the other im so convinced about well yeah i thought a computer no but i know that youre dying to have a computer and if money was no object then we probably wouldnt hesitate in lending it to you but really and truly at this moment things are tight and we cant afford to commit ourselves with things unless its absolutely necessary well and thats it i mean ive made it as plain as i can that is it and i hate it when you keep on and on nagging i wont go and see romeo and juliet well dont go its not my fault if you dont pass your exams all right did you watch that animated version that you recorded yeah does it give you the gist of the story ithalf an hour long well i think its longer than half an hour they probably should an hour at the most given you er erm the film is about hour and five minutes you can probably have a video of it as long of another version well its does help to see different versions because you see that different people interpret the why do you mm well it depends on the people who are producing or directing or whatever so its all got different ways of doing it when i was studying i went to open air theatre and i saw a version there on christopher er whats his name that chubby fellow with the glasses christopher biggins thats it he was playing puck and when i went to see the company doing it well they had a completely different way of doing it they wo they did it really like er a dec you know the the mechanical play i dont know if you know a midsummer nights dream they did it in a completely slapstick farce way you know th the men who were dressed up women they balloons and had rosy red cheeks and wigs and things it was quite different how they well thats it when shakespeare wrote a play and the text has survived and but the way of of joshing the people on the way they do it is different every generation and even most of the people in the same generation would would have a different way of doing it okay theres a comedienne erm she apparently was born in wales mhm two ton tessie oshea thats her two ton tessie she yeah thats her her nickname cos she was quite big and she played the nurse in romeo and juliet in the season on stratford on avon and she did it using a welsh accent because she thought shakespeare having coming from quite near the welsh border country might well have had might well have had a welsh nurse so it didnt matter that romeo and juliet is set in italy mm she did it as she would have thought shakespeare would have known people and things you know she did it like that mm and i remember amanda seeing a video of romeo and juliet and what struck me was that the costumes were all sort of like you see portraits of elizabethan dress now i dont what italy and those middle ages would have been like that the sort of clothes that were worn mhm but the clothing in that film struck me very much as being like elizabethan dress yeah i mean now plays of shakespeare and theyre wearing modern dress like those worn at richard the third or something and theyre wearing well either first or second world war uniforms yes it was very different then yeah well its just different directors have different things they want to emphasise in a play and if they want to bring something home or they think that using a certain well like say the way the people are dressed and everything will will have more of an impact you know will one thing i was wondering about you know they they talk about erm in shakespeares works is the language the words he uses the the sort of poetry of it and the symbolism thats used erm do they talk about that at all in your english literature yes do they show you how you can learn about this theres a book you know the book i bought you its got notes in it does that help with it i suppose pardon well you should do and what about i bought some revision books and things study aids or something for amanda for her english literature well i bought them for amanda and she was doing romeo and juliet so if you look in those you may find theres some help there yeah hall church a hall church is a type of church building the termhall churchis about the architecture of the building most very large churches and cathedrals are built with a long part where people sit called thenave on each side of the nave is a loweraisle between the nave and the aisles are rows of columns above the columns are windows which let light into the nave in a hall church there are no windows above the columns the nave and the aisles are about the same height famous cathedrals which are hall churches are milan cathedral in italy st stephens cathedral vienna and bristol cathedral in england the term was first used in the mid19th century by the german art historian wilhelm lübke brusvily brusvily is a commune it is in the region bretagne in the côtesdarmor department in the west of france
lexington oregon lexington is a city in oregon in the united states windischeschenbach windischeschenbach is a town in neustadt an der waldnaab in bavaria germany it is north of weiden in der oberpfalz tangmarg tanghmarg is a town and tehsil of the baramulla district in jammu and kashmir india thats it for today seattle this is doctor frasier crane wishing you good day and good mental health move it person waiting for the booth here that is not amusing in the mens room its not amusing now all ready then bulldog what are you two doing were recording an ad for a new sponsor by the way roz baby or no baby your ass has never looked better shut up how sick is that hes just being bulldog no that i liked hearing it hi im bulldog brisco and im gil chesterton when bulldog and i are out together whether its at the opera or rooting our mariners to victory we always round out the evening with a nice relaxing cup of happy dreams tea were making some right now how many lumps do you like gil one please ouch gets me every time happy dreams tea one cup youll have happy dreams the whole night through yes perfect one take myouchcould be a bit more convincing well splice that in later what was that its the new station managers idea hes getting onair talent to record commercials for sponsors are you disappointed he didnt ask you to do it about as disappointed as when that hypnotist picked them to come up and groom each other like monkeys yeah you really lucked out he didnt make you do anything silly no sir roz daphne whatre you doing here dr cranes cars in the shop so im a chauffeur theres a rally on pike street what sort of rally theyre trying to save a bookstore from being torn down not hirsch and sons they want to build a strip mall thats a seattle landmark my god mark twain gave a reading there i know that place i had a boyfriend who liked to make out in the occult section im terribly upset about this well go down there and join that rally good for you i refuse to stand by while some bully rides roughshod over the little people i dont want to go to a rally tough luck youre the chauffeur this is rather exciting i never thought you to be the protest kind i was quite the activist in my college days nothing like throwing in with a band of young rebels thumbing their noses at convention did you go for the whole package long hair beads no i did have a pair of psychedelic suspenders that raised an eyebrow this seems good dont you think hey this is great hey look everybody its dr frasier crane hello good to see you would you like to say a few words well all right ill keep it simple be strong people our cause is just to the barricades this is sort of fun isnt it people this is your final warning whats that its the police disperse now or we will take action what do you they mean by that were not going anywhere are we are they talking about a jail thing who knows exciting isnt it theyll have to drag us out of here they dont actually drag people away anymore do they cos theyre too afraid to arrest us arent they now youre just provoking them all right people you had your warning they werent kidding there go the first lucky martyrs to our cause at the rate theyre dragging people away therell be nobody left to protest i better get reinforcements dr crane where are you going solidarity brothers hello niles i hope youre free tonight i just secured a table at the most exclusive new restaurant in seattle im not in the mood at least hear me out this place is the hottest new thing in fusion cuisine what cuisines are being fused polynesian and scandinavian its called mahalo valhalla perhaps theres a reason god put those two countries so far apart my gourmet newsletter gave three and a half whisks to their coconut herring im sorry niles tonights just a bad night daphnes been hauled down to jail dads down there trying to bail her out what they should be home any minute its just that she was down at that rally for hirsch and sons bookstore the worst part of it is i convinced her to go when they started hauling people away i chickened out and ran you left her there it was a shameful performance but i did clear that hedge in front of emersons funeral home like a kentucky show horse but what has happened to me niles i used to be so courageous to fight for things when did i become so middleaged so timid dont be so hard on yourself we all get a bit more cautious as we get older not me god it was only five years ago i packed up my whole life in boston moved across the country to start over that took real courage now the biggest risk i take is saying to dadlets go out to dinner you pick the restaurantdaphne its so good to have you home safe and sound sod off shes a little mad at you yes thank you dad daphne i am so sorry i feel just terrible as you should you left me handcuffed and helpless if youre ever in that position again be sure to call on me for help thank you dr crane shame on you dr crane why cant you be more like dr crane it took me six hours to get her out in my days cops could count on a few perks no speeding tickets get your friends out of jail fast its all gone to hell lets hope they never do away with thatall jewellery up for grabs in the morguepolicy im not letting this dinner reservation go to waste frasier thanks anyway niles very well dad what about you maybe i will come and get a bite with you sitting around six hours in that station house i could eat anything lets go then i cant wait where are we going anyway hello yes id like to order a large pizza what toppings just a second dad what do you want on your pizza pepperoni pepperoni please weve been fighting a lot and shes never in the mood for sex i think shes having an affair lets not give in to paranoia just because your wife is avoiding sex doesnt mean shes being unfaithful you said you havent been talking lately why dont you try reopening the lines of communication tonight by surprising her with a nice romantic dinner tonights no good shes working late on her bossboat again but tomorrows ok thanks dr crane roz what do you say we turn things over to our eye on the sky chopper dave with the traffic report i want to introduce you to our new station manager kenny daly its a pleasure no its my pleasure i have to say im just a huge fan i only had this reaction once before you ever hear of norman mailer of course the author no im talking about the drivetime guy worked out of tampanorman in the mornin so funny youd pray for traffic ill try to catch him the next time im in tampa in the mornin its been great meeting you you too i got a call from the happy dreams tea people they had spots scheduled for your first hour and you forgot to read them i didnt forget i looked at the copy and i couldnt read it why not well just listen to thisone cup of happy dreams tea and youll have happy dreams all nightdreams are a byproduct of unresolved emotion no tea can promise happy dreams i totally get that our ad revenues are down and theyre a major new sponsor i promised them that youd read the ads this hour as a psychiatrist i cant they promise something impossible now i understand what if we just think of it more as a slogan but its not a slogan if i as a doctor read it it sounds like medical advice ok now totally get it instead of saying dr frasier crane dont saydoctor im not making myself clear here lets try this i will never read this copy this is the part of my job i hate you take a stand like that and i totally respect it by the way and you force my hand thats our biggest sponsor unless you go on the air and read that ad i have to fire you ten seconds frasier i didnt realise you felt so strongly about it i guess i have no choice thanks dr crane what a relief hello seattle the people who know me best will not be surprised by what im about to tell you i am not a man who betrays his principles i am not a man who misleads his listeners and i am not a man who will shrink from a fight today i find myself in a fight over the content of my show but rather than truckle to the forces of commercialism ive decided to take a stand on principle even it means im not on the air am i no he put on the best of crane how much did i get out well lets see people who know me best will not be surprised by what im about to tell you i am not a man perfect so they fired you yes and i must say it feels good to take a stand like this i feel like my old self again ill tell you one thing i dont envy kenny feeling the cold stares of the other employees because hes fired the stations most popular personality he fired tooty the story lady too very funny niles who would have thought that getting fired can make one feel so alive what do you want another staring contest i suppose well you picked the wrong day for that take that frasier what are you doing home dad brace yourself the station fired me so youll be seeing me this time every day thats terrible i assume you mean the firing part well yeah so what happened they asked me to violate a principle i believe in and i refused im proud of you what did they want you to do theres this product and they wanted me to say it gives people happy dreams and i couldnt make a claim like that all commercials promise things they cant deliver that may be like cologne driving women wild i used it all my life and never had a single woman come on to me except that year i worked in vice yes i understand but that wasnt about cologne yes i understand they were hookers i realise that frasier dont be angry with me but i do have one theory i was wondering when youd get around to that so allow me i was so ashamed of my chickening out at the rally that i grabbed at the first fight that came my way it turned out to be the wrong fight and i lost my job so if you follow that theory through to the end this heady feeling of euphoria im experiencing right now is nothing more than a deepseated denial so have you considered it not for a second hello i know im the last person you want to see but since i fired you i havent been able to eat or sleep kenny its only been an hour and a half well im a napper i was wrong i just fired a man who was willing to go to the mat for his principles what does that say about mine before i go on have you had any job offers hes had four shut up im still technically available id like you to come back to work im calling the happy dreams people and telling them youre uncomfortable with their ads at kacl the talent comes first well what can i say but see you tomorrow this is so great im so relieved can i buy you a beer just to show we have no hard feelings i would love that as long as i dont have to endorse it afterwards i guess i had that one coming nice meeting you good afternoon seattle this is dr frasier crane and i would like to begin today by apologising for my abrupt departure from the airwaves yesterday you see i was embroiled in a conflict with the management im happy to report its been resolved thanks to the efforts of our new station manager a courageous and principled young man ken daly i wont bore you with all the details but he took on the big guys and won anyway i apologise for our brief interruption yesterday and i assure you that todays will be even briefer roz lets go to commercial kenny whats going on its the darndest thing i got fired what well how did that happen i told the sponsors you wouldnt be reading their ads then im called into mr martins office in the black tower i said sponsors are easier to replace than talent he said i was easier to replace than anybody then he called me a pinhead and took my coke away thats terrible kenny i cant help feeling that this is all my fault these things happen if ive got to get fired sticking up for someone im honoured it was for you at least now ill have time to finish building that nursery were expecting theres my wife now shell get a kick out of this coincidence me and her getting fired in the same week may i of course we have got to get kennys job back how are we supposed to do that well just round up all the talent go down to mr martin and demand that he rehire kenny he owns the station we cant give him an ultimatum its not an ultimatum well appeal to his sense of decency kenny went to bat for me kenny hasnt asked for our help for all we know hell be fine how do you like that shes having twins heck of a time for me to lose my insurance well you guys take care together we can do this the important thing is to present a united front what is the matter with you people were frightened of what of everything were in the black tower those lobby guards must have been seven feet tall and that metal detector we had to go through was scary it was even scarier finding out gil wears an anklet get off the elevator all of you im ashamed of you intimidated by a building were here for kenny the man who wants to start kacl daycare roz the man who approved the airbrushing charges on your publicity photos gil and tooty who was it that just doubled the story time puppet budget i know kennys a great guy but i met joe martin once he was a very scary man with eyes as cold as a winter night all right tooty mr martin hello do you have an appointment my name is dr frasier crane i am here with some talent from kacl my producer roz doyle gil chesterton food critic bob brisco sports tooty feingold the story lady ray schmidt the green grocer and miss judy arts and crafts sorry judy i dont know your last name im in the middle of a board meeting this will only take a moment this morning you fired kenny daly a wonderful station manager and a man of integrity that is a very rare quality in this industry you fire all the kenny dalys what are you left with a bunch of sycophants and yesmen am i right now it would be a great risk to hire kenny back but a man that stops taking risks in life pays a very dear price indeed i know whereof i speak and i can see that im getting through to you so let me just leave you with one last question what kind of radio station do you want dr crane that is the exact question ive been asking myself all through that board meeting as you know our ratings are down and the number crunchers in there think they can fix it by sucking up to our sponsors well thats not what i think thanks to you im going with my gut on this one you bet you are im going to go in there and tell them were doing it my way no more talk exactly action no no more talk radio from this moment on the station is all latino music all the time i beg your pardon thank you dr crane im going back to my roots i may have walked out of that meeting joe martin corporate sellout but im walking back in josé martinez risk taker what just happened you just got us all fired what did you say all right dont panic lõbembe lõbembe is a village in pühalepa parish hiiu county in northwestern estonia
psychopathy psychopathy is a personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder psychopaths are unemotional they do not show concern about the feelings or rights of others they show almost no empathy and do not try to conform to social norms they lack a conscience and do not feel guilt a similar term is sociopathy many psychopaths are charming and often manage to have superficial ties with other people they use other people for their own benefit psychopaths often show other antisocial behaviour as well including sadism violence and deception they are very selfish and discard people whom they have no further use for they may have many children by many partners the definition of psychopathy has varied different definitions are used they only partly overlap and sometimes seem contradictory there are efforts to use behaviour therapy to treat psychopaths often this may be done in prisons some people are mislabeled aspsychopaths but have no problems with social norms but they are good at influencing people there is a difference between the sexes as to how psychopathy is shown men show it more more as an antisocial pattern of behaviour in women it shows more as a histrionic pattern excessive attentionseeking amongst professional psychiatrists psychopathy is known for being difficult to treat absorbing a blow in boxing and other fighting absorbing a blow is when one person is hit without being badly hurt or stopped from continuing the fight sometimes a boxer will absorb a blow they could have avoided so that they can counterattack straight afterwards baring missouri baring is a city in knox county missouri united states bass fish bass is the name of some species types of fish that are often caught for food or sport there are freshwater bass that live in rivers and lakes and saltwater bass that live in the ocean many bass live in or near north america bass are from the order of perciformes orperchlike fish their name comes from the word forperch some wellknown bass species are many other species are also called basses such as oppens oppens is a municipality of the district grosdevaud in the canton of vaud in switzerland
savokarelia parliamentary electoral district savokarelia is an electoral district of finland illinois chorus frog the illinois chorus frog pseudacris illinoensis is a frog it lives in the middle of the united states it lives all the way from illinois to missouri and arkansas not all scientists agree that this frog is one species some scientists think it is part of the speciespseudacris steckeri engen germany engen is a town of the district of konstanz in the state of badenwürttemberg germany spanish grand prix the spanish grand prix is a formula one race currently held at the circuit de barcelonacatalunya the race is one of the oldest in formula 1 racing winners of the spanish grand prix multiple winners driversdrivers in bold are competing in the formula one championship in the current seasonltbrgta pink background indicates an event that was not part of the formula one world championshipmultiple winners constructorsteams in bold are competing in the formula one championship in the current seasonltbrgta pink background indicates an event that was not part of the formula one world championshipltbrgta yellow background indicates an event that was part of the prewar european championshipmultiple winners engine manufacturersmanufacturers in bold are competing in the formula one championship in the current seasonltbrgta pink background indicates an event that was not part of the formula one world championshipltbrgta yellow background indicates an event that was part of the prewar european championshipby yeara pink background indicates an event that was not part of the formula one world championshipltbrgta yellow background indicates an event that was part of the prewar european championshipltbrgta green background indicates an event that was part of the prewar world manufacturerschampionship † officialy named as race grand prix bernouil bernouil is a commune it is in the yonne department in the center of france
rimasco rimasco is afrazioneof alto sermenza in the province of vercelli in the italian region of piedmont give him just take your pipe can we go a little bit into the background of the boysploughing match marcus how did it originate do you know how how did it all begin well theres been speculation about that but no nobody can actually tell us how it began but its its easy enough to imagine how it began i think because er if you look at little boys on farms today they play with toy tractors and things dont they and er they dont necessarily er er do things with these toy tractors er well th they they tend to things with these toys to imitate the the real thing er so i th i think the same thing would have happened maybe a hundred years ago or maybe less in regard to ploughing with horses on the in the fields and er they would maybe er devise or make or r find a piece of suitable wood or something to to scratch in the garden or in the sand or on a piece of nice soft soil to make furrows and er imitate maybe what their dad was doing out in the field and er they had no concept of doing anything else to play really it was just pretending they were pretending they were grown up and working and i i think that it it it would just grow out of that kind of activity and then eventually when ploughing matches er as such in the you know in the adult farm with horses became the great thing er which was the second half of the last century you know after the farming revolution er ploughmen and horsemen were the elite of farm workers and the sons would could only aspire to do what they did and and er eventually i suspect it got to be a little more organized and er they had these little games of of ploughing matches maybe in a rudimentary farm to begin with but it eventually came to be as we see it today over a long period of time is it possible then that perhaps there were boysploughing matches on all the other islands as well and the tradition has only survived in south ronaldsay mm no its er it was in berry it was in berry ive seen photographs of the ploughing match in berry er prewar er but in south ronaldsay and berry only im pretty sure it wasnt anywhere else it used to be at a different time of the year though didnt it well it fitted into the easter holidays erm and in fact it followed the farming seasonal pattern you see no nobody ploughs in the summer time really on a farm you plough in the spring you plough in the winter and you get the seeds sown in the spring so they er would have done the same thing in those days the children and erm it fitted in to the easter holiday time to have the actual ploughing match you see no in in your memory of course youve been involved in it for a long time havent you well off and on i havent been so much involved in it as perhaps some other people and i dont pretend to be an expert but i i did take part in it when i was a a boy in school and thats a thats a fair while ago now right enough but er er i used to attend the er well a primary school i went to the small grimness school in the north end of south ronaldsay which has now been closed for over twenty years and er we had our own little ploughing match there you see maybe not more than half a dozen in in fact i remember only four i think the lat one i was at er on the sand at grimness now theres hardly any sand there then you had difficulty finding a patch not not like where youve the huge area now at the barrier and so er i i i know that in the hope they had a bigger one and i believe in the wyvell area they had one as well you see but i was never really involved in those ones at all how much has it changed in the costume and the ploughs nowadays compared to when you were young well its become much more elaborate and sophisticated and er dare i say expensive you know to do er in regard to the so called horses costumes er as i remember it it was pretty rudimentary and er you didnt keep a costume or a suit for the job people couldnt really afford to that then er on the day of the event you went either your mother or somebody elses mother usually the custom was that the the boy who was to be the horse would be decorated either by his own mother say or or perhaps the person who he was s s he who he was partnering as as as ploughman you know horseman with the ploughmen and er in my own case i remember going to the house where i was er i was to be the ploughman for this so called horseman you see if you understand that and had these things kind of pinned onwore first world war army badges i remember one with the r g a the orkney r g a royal garrison artillery i remember that badge being pinned on and er bits of braid you know sown round the bottom of your of your trousers short trousers and it wasnt a lot and then as soon as the event was over it was all smartly taken off you know what about the judging is that really based on the the turnout or is there any ploughing skill involved in that as well th th the ploughing mhm oh very much a very much a very much a skilled job you know you wont get a prize unless youre up to it the er the ploughing has to look professional it has to resemble the real thing as done in the fields even today tractor ploughing is you know theres a pride in doing a good job and er while the the single furrow plough the techniques are a little different the the end result is much the same what about the ploughs themselves now they of course are all handmade specially for the match mm mhm were they always made by the local blacksmiths or did somebody sometimes construct one as you said at out of wood or other material yes the the blacksmiths made some and they were rather heavier and slightly different proportions prewar after what they are today er they tend to be more sophisticated and slimmer and nice looking but we have quite a few craftsmen around now no blacksmiths as such but even in the old days er you had rather cheaper versions made with wooden handles and just a nice piece of light tinwooey bent over to form the board the mould board and that erm now youre getting them much more er s ooh sophisticated you know with nice hardwood and stainless steel boards and things er because people have access to these materials and you have chaps who are er good with their hands and can do it make a plough for their son that sort of thing have the rules changed over the years for example have the age groups or allowing girls to take part or anything like that well the age group was always just school age which was up to fourteen now of course its up to sixteen or rather under sixteen that is includes fifteen they tend to drift away when they get to the last year anyway you know er girls were never included as horses as i remember it but nowadays there are of course which means that you have more boys available to be ploughmen and this perhaps helps the numbers the girls used to join in the in the party afterwards you know but no they didnt take part in the event really and does it have to be young people resident in south ronaldsay or is it more of an open contest now oh its always been confined to the really it was to the school areas you see er each school area it wasnt run by the school as such or anything it just just kind of happened but the er i mean teachers or anybody like that was never involved in it but it ran with each school area you know berry grimnessmarketthorpe and so onand now of course the total areas as one but i think perhaps it would be permissible to somebody with local parentage maybe not resident in the area dont see much of that happening actually its a very strong local tradition and i think itll stay that way so we have to hope for a fine day for this on sunday obviously what happens if i it is a really bad day has it ever been in your memory postponed or cancelled or do they just carry on regardless i dont remember it being postponed although at easter time there is some shocking bad weather sometimes you know really cold sleety showers and its just a question of getting out there to the sand and get it over quickly but in those days you didnt have many visitors at all there werent many people looking on now that its become a summer time exercise its er good for the tourist you know and this helps to foster it because the tourist contribute well to the funds and this gets the children more prize money and so on lovely right anything else you want to add on that marcus so how did the event get the title of the festival of the horse well er to me it doesnt quite ring true its always been the boysploughing match and it always will be as far as im concerned but i think this happened at the time post war i cant say exactly which year when the date was changed from easter time to august this was partly to get better weather i think for the competition and also to attract tourists and i think originally it may have run in the first year both at easter and at august erm and it was organized then as a tourist thing and this title er the festival of the horse was shall i say dreamed up erm and in fact we had one or two horses clydesdale horses on show down at the crummery square in the hope just to make it more of a horsy event so that title to some extent still sticks with it but it i cant hel im old fashioned enough to th to think of it as being a bit a bit false you know thats grandlove i couldnt put you right with that because im not sure then or no i cant remember they could have been mind you but the only difference that i see was that they pushed their ploughs there so they must have been smaller than the ones we use but we had er horses pair of horses no or lasses or whatever and thats what what year i dont know how many years had theres a chap in the village jim he might be remember but he ran out of time too to win the cup i think you see i think hed win it three year its just like the world cup where did people get their ploughs from well the blacksmiths made two that i know of and theres one hanging in the village that youll see in a window and me dad he made three anyhow course thered be non of them to the for they were wood they were just wooden stalch you know on end a beam made the wheel and the counter as we called it on it and all wood is a good working thing wed a very good job he was a good hand in the sand you see the iron although it broke it more but this plough hed kept the thing fairly together i mean about the job thats why i got fast you see it was keeping the thing just like what you do in the land in the ploughing matches you see the size and smooth thats how they were and that was what this wooden plough did the sand is solid more solid than the earth you see and it just you curled it up with a plough you see just lovely and was no broken again it was just standing kind of likereally made a good job its was our wood plus the bore had made i dont know how many years it went on and then there were a lot of ploughs and boys a lot of their own ploughs i think they couldnt afford to get a smithy made plough you seepucky poor in that times you knowcouldnt afford to get one made but that certainly was in stronsay and thats the to prove it an and that had stopped by world war two would you say oh aye ayestopped before world war two i think i dont know why it stopped they had to get out of it you see more modernized you see er there were tractors now for peedie boys as well as william i also spoke to jim in nineteen thirty and ninety thirty one i won the cup id been twelve year old then onto the sand here in bay and then there seven site or plod laid off for every plougher that was there you see and you had to plough that within a certain time i think it was two hours for me i had to plough that one and i was judged by the judges and was there an upper age limit that you could compete yes there was fourteen i think was the limit how often did you manage to win it twice but you had to win it twice before it became your own property so i won it twice er do you have the cup yet yes i do it was just like just like looking at any ordinary cup standing in the black ebony stand and er lions head in each side with rings in its mouth and its silver cup do you know how long the boysploughing matches went on for when they stopped in thirty six somewhere thereabouts not ju exactly sure and in the thirty five i think what sort of plough did you use for the competition iron ploughs made by a blacksmith i tell you why because he we he won the smithy window across the road there and what did you use for horses two boys like a pair of horseth they pulled the plough i dont mind whether we used reins or notth th they just well i mean they knew what to do you see in fact we had the two boys pulling we had th it just as near as possible to the proper thing stigmata stigmata are marks on a persons body that are like the wounds jesus got from being crucified they supposedly happen to other religious people like saint francis of assisi as well as jesus the marks include nail holes in the hands and feet as if the person had been crucified but without that having happened contradictions those who believe in stigmata say that actual nails were not used but the holes just appear as a miracle those who do not believe say it is not a miracle they have other ways to explain those stories angle of attack in aeronautics the angle of attack is the angle between an airfoil and the direction the air is flowing in relative to the wing for small angles of attack a higher angle creates more lift the angle where the wing makes the most lift is called the critical angle of attack if the angle goes above this point the wing will stall west dunbartonshire west dunbartonshire is one of the 32 council areas of scotland uk the administrative centre is dumbarton west dunbartonshire borders argyll and bute east dunbartonshire renfrewshire and stirling
schlammersdorf schlammersdorf is a municipality in neustadt an der waldnaab in bavaria germany list of cities in luxembourg there are twelve cities in luxembourg this is a list of the cities that will be val er i think they have changed contractors again again but anyway whether thats true or not the this was a s s seems to be as a result of criticism about them not turning up and this sort of thing erm hi sorry im late so i had a long chat with the with the cleansing officer and the main point i know i know liz do you want a chair the main point that i made to him was that after such a superb beginning where where they actually state how much rubbish we produce theres absolutely no mention even though theres space at the bottom theres no mention of recycling at all and he said well its a different you know different department mm i know yes and this was this that that wouldnt have entered into that brief but my argument was that you know everybody would be much happier if there was less rubbish to put in the landfill sites in the first place now that was about two weeks ago and ive been sitting on it meaning to to write to the press and say how disgusting it was which i have just done today aft no yes half way through i spoke to to the environ environment officer mm who was much more switched on hes a new environment officer hes only been there for a month or something and he says that erm he sort of agreed with me that it was a waste of an opportunity erm but he did say that hes actually writing a leaflet which they can run to seven or eight pages a detailed one about recycling anybody will read so eight pages well i dont know i just dont know but i mean he was very interested and when i said that wed actually done a recycling directory and that i was thinking redoing it erm he was very interested and he would like to meet us and i said that if hes actually doing a directory all this all this about i thought rob is doing a sort of recycling what do you call it composium rob has just done a green audit for the district council yes yes but we havent had the opportunity to read it i mean he knows that we have a recycling d i was in touch with them i sent them the recycling why do they pretend not to know i mean they should be fully a aware of of of our val well this is a new guy is that mr mr the recycling officer is that is the one i wrote to hold on there yeah is that the one you spoke to tom yeah thats him only he said that they were gonna get an initiative through the schools on er is is hes the one anyway thats thats my letter draft letter which i have not got its very very rough for the press sorry ive only got four thats alright actually some friends of mine were quite confused about what why they shouldnt be able to throw their cooking oil away in their bin because they said theyd always done it and they had nowhere else to put it somebody else said oh you should throw it down the sink but i didnt think you were supposed to do that either what cooking oil cooking oil yeah if you have got one of those deep fat fryers you you have quite a bit to throw away well dont put it in water no i dont i dont you put it in the bin no they theyve said in there you mustnt where no not cooking oil er pet car oil car oil thats a totally different story im sure but i mean the bottom bit obviously weve got to talk about whether we actually do want bifocals today new but this guy seems to be well worth nurturing yes here you are it says here oh thats waste oil cooking fat and other liquids i know it says fat collection but i well that only should only be because erm the bins going to be soiled in in in in the end terribly smelly thats the reason i mean why there shouldnt be cooking oil in in in landfill i mean dad dads not in mm i can only think that i mean it sticks to the sides of the bin at the bottom well if its if it was very hot could it could it melt the plastic it could even melt the plastic yes or could it ignite yeah no i i definitely foodstuffs out of the water i mean into the bin first and then wash the dishes to keep the water clean mm stuff you put in water yeah sorry was it printed on new paper it doesnt say does it well it doesnt say no i think i think they put recycled if it was dont you well exactly thats you seen that story what is it one paper er if you get the letter of the week you can take part in the draw and get a flight to from stanstead to dusseldorf wh what papers this then i i got it last night there was the most horrible letter in england or britain joining the common market ill get you one of those bags no oh you did tell me about it yeah i did tell you do you well do you then know why doesnt isnt rob in touch with them any more oh yeah very much so i spoke to trish robs away at the moment yeah but i spoke to trish tonight and erm but i mean hes also in the sub committee isnt he there was this working committee wasnt it and then the sub committee to the working committee on environmental matters no yeah but i mean that leaflet very likely wouldnt have you know i mean i think this this leaflet no no but but that this mr mr yeah but i mean didnt know okay he should he should have tapped us as a resource certainly yeah but i mean you know i im certainly gonna follow this up mm and i think we ought to get him over to one of our meetings and and he said he would and i think if we could make it get one of the uttlesford chaps to the same meeting marvellous thing they did yeah well what he did say was dont you know dont go over the top in criticizing that because yeah you know he he says that theres a lot of things which are happening hes got all sorts of schemes a lot of schemes in the pipeline i suppose he doesnt want to be seen to be just reacting to your letter hes obviously started doing these things off his own bat anyway hasnt he oh yes yeah i mean and and he he feels that er pressure groups like ourselves are very positive because it gives him a bit of weight when hes arguing for things yeah well they cant push it from the top but i mean on a sort of wider thing erm yeah you know one of the things that we could do is to do another directory yeah i think because i think i think but its a real shame were so out of date mhm but i i you know we were can we actually do it i mean we would need fifty people no i would not distribute it to deliver er from door to door i would erm put it out in the library put it out in in surgeries put it out in public places and thats it because i mean the number of people erm they went to these directories like hot cross buns i mean every week i supplied them with a new stack of everybody wanted them what the recycling directory yeah they come through the doorstep through the doors though through the door they they just throw them away they didnt read them i said well dont you live in stortford didnt you have it delivered no and im sure theyll pick them up if they see them in the if they printed print them up and they do it on their own will couldnt we do it with him with him well yeah pro i mean they could couldnt they sponsor us to do it or something well yeah i ive ive whether he well i mean if if hes gonna do this seven page thing then i you know i you can look at it two ways either we can influence and help that to be to be good or or you know if thats a failure then see whether they can help us to produce one for the town mm i mean id much rather they do it if we can influence him enough theyve got the right information well the thing if we did it with our as they keep saying theres some theres so much in the pipeline i mean it might take us another two week two months before we get it out three months well i would say six months yeah no i would just think of something really straightforward they do want stuff on local levels i mean if hes east herts hes got a huge area hasnt he yeah it it might be a help to him to have little local groups that helped him out with these things but i mean if we print something and then suddenly they instal all these new bottle banks which we didnt know about then they are not mentioned well in our recycling directory and we can do the next one he should know about them shouldnt he well we must thats why certainly have to before could you drag him along to a meeting yeah well thats what they said we could do that ill write that down erm is that okay for that i just have something that i read in new scientist does everybody take it no oh well ill give you one to look at its just a little article about thank you recycling in in egypt and i just liked reading it so much that i thought youd like to read it too dont have to read it now cos its quite long its its its really hot cos they they reuse absolutely everything and they make theyre living out of it in east german they are now drowning in rubbish because they used to have a perfect recycling scheme everything was collected and recycled cos they just didnt have the materials now they are flooded with the west european goods their recycling isnt worth any more on the other hand they havent got the landfills and the whole scheme that the west has developed and they i mean its a health hazard meanwhile one of the major problems they have to face far east lots of guys sort of collecting cardboard boxes and thats all they did they flatten down cardboard boxes and then another one did newspapers and whole newspapers and the whole town is composed of a yeah its like a big i just thought it was interesting erm i did write er as was suggested asking about erm facilities for cyclists in the potential shopping centre development in bishops stortford and they are they are interested in cyclists but from what i could make out reading this theyre not really going to help us a great deal if you want to pass it round and read it its its theyre gonna use the green wedges that are already there and the existing footpaths which are already cycled along what what good is that to me its just in stortford its not that easy for a cyclist is it no and theyve got all the places say dont lean your bicycle here and youre not allowed to take it into jackson one girl nearly got knocked off going up newtown road its really quite narrow as youre going up there what about the all the cars all parked round corners everywhere like up at havers mm they could do something about that have you every cycled up there not round haverswh they park where those those sort of shops are they they park all around the corners so that you have to go out round them and of course you meet something coming the other way wrong side of the road oh yeah what annoys me is that everybody parks on the pavement as well mm seem to disobey all laws there are about parking it does it doesnt really help us does it do you wanna pass these around as well if anyone wants to look all the replies got eleven or so replies that ive had for that questionnaire there are a few people willing to help arent but i havent gone really as i hoped cos id envisaged having the membership list with sort of names of wholl make cakes wholl help on the stall and then know who to phone yeah when i wanted some help or who to invite to meetings but because i havent got a reply from everyone or most people it cant work does it is that all the replies you got sent more than fifty out i did sixty and caroline copied even more shes a good girl did georgina reply erm did actually yes yeah cos when i phoned she said shes still quite interested mm yeah i thought she was but she said if the baby and ive got a local group summer questionnaire which i couldnt really fill in isnt it awful i thought im just as bad as you know everybody else really cos i wasnt sure of some of the answers and that it its saying which of the following days of action has the group participated in i mean cos we havent really sort of really done a proper day of action have we weve done little bits and pieces i know we did the returnable bottles i mean cos and we did that stall on peat but we didnt really take part in the peat day of action did wewhat do you think fiona and i did the electricity what at the supermarket is that the global warming and electricity privatization that one was it it was erm efficiency of oh fuel and efficiency right that one then oh we didnt we didnt do the ozone layer one did we did you do a stall on that ozone layer we did do something with the oh we did yes with the with er snow remember that was christmas last year wasnt it oh yes that was that was ozone yes it was we did oh so ill put down for that then oh it looks quite good right have you written to your mp about fuel efficiency yes i did we did i know erm i thought i wrote to the electricity board in i wrote to somebody about erm how er things should be labelled about how efficient they are when using electricity you took part in the er electricity efficiency didnt you yes yeah but didnt we didnt write to our mps though i thought we were supposed to write to somewhere else was it the department of the environment or now what would it be energy we wrote wrote to them cos ive got a reply to that letter somewhere with a great wad of information about various fridges and yeah yeah and things yeah so i cant really say weve written to the mp can we we havent found out about company car fleets have we we tried well i tried and then i was let down by the group i dont remember anything about that one we arranged it two days or three days and each was cancelled march ninety one in march this year it was this year last year last year i didnt think wed done anything about that this year but that was last year yeah but we havent done a march ninety one then scanned the local press for power station applications or authorizations h m i p written to michael heseltine about acid rain may ninety one written to your mp to ask him her to press for strict e c standards for c o two emissions from vehicles may ninety one when was that wasnt that on the talk do you remember this talk we had that was last year er writing a letter to chris patten about the protocol yeah so that was that was early this year yeah written something that to do with the ozone layer i dont know it its mostly sort of things about energy isnt it questionnaire thats definitely to do with the c f cs yeah well this is c o two in in cars private cars yeah things to do with er emissions and written that in may ninety one yeah sounds about right ask local car dealer to write to car manufacturers to press for the introduction of more fuel efficient cars may ninety one no lobbied your local authority on peat use not really did we erm joined the newsprint campaignno written up details of recycling campaigning experience for and sent it to no why me complained to your mp about the national road traffic forecast no looked out for threats to s s is have we got them s s is sites of special scientific interest have we got any in mm no no i didnt think we had no i dont think so sorry do you own your no do you we we have acquired a large chunk of the the yes so you should you should nominate that as a site of the interest shouldnt you erm its valuable but not that valuable but it says here written written to linda chalker about the i t p o now i i rang i sent a postcard which was ready written do you think that counts promoted the well we did try yeah put that we did do that didnt get very far though did we actually that seems to have fizzled out havent heard anything about that for a while erm written to the government in u k bank about the bank propose new foreign policy i think we might have done that i think we might have done that i know that ive written to british gas and i think i wrote world bank that was thing is that was quite a long time ago im sure it wasnt this year this is february ninety one its alright but you get to the bottom of those stairs and sometimes er check locally for claims of environmentally or sustainable tropical hardwood its not really i mean i do look when i go to all these d i y places to see what theyve got havent really local wood guides well robs got two cos im just deciding on a new window frame and all the firms are claiming that they only get their hardwood from government erm replanting programmes and one got a stamp and a seal on that but whether that is acknowledged by our friends of the earth i dont know because i mean they have so many stamps and seals on they wont give you names now will they the friends of the earth they wont give you names of companies any more no but if this stamp this acknowledgement oh its like a little is it good government scheme or not whether that is known by friends of the earth as a good scheme or not i think theres a day of action coming up on this sort of d i y stuff so maybe well get some more information about that im gonna try and get the book back from rob martins an architect and and it actually probably would be you know it might be a good thing to actually sort of provoke a question with architects because they do specify these things and theyre the ones who actually say you know right well specify hardwood its one of the decisions that are actually made by them in terms of what they use so erm that could be something that is yeah round to architects just sort of provoking the question cos they a lot of them have never thought about it mm and er you know if they did erm i mean martin asked about the he asked about the good wood guide you know and i told them where they can get it but that they can have it in their office and put it in their library you know so that thats quite a good idea yeah but thats so quickly out of date again you see the good wood cos i mean they they have new government schemes schemes every year dont they mm and new other schemes and what at least it will enable you to know what the tropical species are because some of them have got quite weird and wonderful names and most people dont know what some of them are mm i know mahogany is citello i noticed they had some philippine mahogany doors in do it all mm on saturday and yet that you have to be careful because they they have that ive forgotten what her name was on on wogan saying next time you go into a d i y store and you see a mahogany toilet seat you know dont boy buy it think of the forest well if you go into a d i y store youll find its a mahogany stain i dont know if they really make mahogany it would be very expensive yes youd probably gauge by the price i would think yeah plastic plastic plastic one erm oh yes actually this cycle thing cycle parking is actually i wish theyd actually pay a bit more places to actually put your bike and you didnt have to sort of tie it up to some lamppost or something yeah yeah theres hardly anything i mean they could give you a decent stand to put it in cos i hate those ones at sainsburys cos if youve got anything heavy in the bag the bike falls over the ones at the library as well er and they ought to have a little shelter over it to stop your saddle getting wet if it rains ive got i mean ive got my spots where i park it i it at woolworths and outside the post office because it keeps it dry and out of the way all the roads into town are just awful i mean the dunmow road hockerill oh yeah you know really scary you know you get asphyxiated with petrol fumes and then you get the danger of being thrown off your bike cycling yeah they squeeze you off the road if you go up that hill to hockerill lights i you must to cat just walk slowly in the middle of the road so that theres no way they can take overtake on the right or on the left thats the only way our cat and ive really watched her makes a point of going and walking slowly in the road and i think that is exactly what we have to do as cyclists not squeeze to the side because they might not see you there right well you sh youre supposed to ride a fair way out from the gutter never in the gutter so they can see you round the bends yeah but and they often hoot you if youre doing it but thats the place that is their fault if they hoot erm especially going up that hill at hockerill lights they overtake you and then they slow right down so that you have to go oohooh and stop you cant cycle that slowly up a hill can you they come in too quickly on once theyve passed you they dont theyre in like that arent they straight in front of you frightens me cycle underneath a car today oh dear michaels got helmet thats a good idea yes idiot wearing it though if everybody looks like him oh well i mean it looks alright if youve got all the gear on you know cycling shorts and top and everything make them like swimming hats with lots of little flowers all over them yeah but if you do get one you have to be careful you get one thats done to the proper standard because some dont work apparently absolutely nothing well thats what i thought it just seemed to say they were gonna have sort of cycle ways going through the green wedges along where i cycle already mm and thats no help at all is it we cant complain that should do quite well in trying to get the traffic away from the centre in stortford anyway mm they were talking pedestrianizing i think thats been on on the cards for a long time hasnt it yeah pedestrianizing and theyve never done it sorry erm wh have we done anything about the environmental charter because i started doing it a long time ago yeah yeah bob did that didnt he it vaguely yeah and we presented it and then it fizzled the group fizzled out because we presented the charter and that was the aim of it asks here have they adopted it erm wouldnt or we aim to still try well i i think ive a funny feeling that did adopt it but quite how much that means i dont understand well its awful having to do this questionnaire we weve done all these workshops that have been going on that we havent been to well they just kind of recognized the principles dont they but they dont ensure that theyll actually put them into practise thats what adopting means its not actually committing yes i thought they had yes how about these questions does the group have a constitution no does the group have an office no weve got our plastic box plastic i know i know everybody will be disappointed but i couldnt get cardboard ones stick it all in we bought the storage boxes anyway to keep all the no but you cant really i mean thats what supposed to have it like an actual proper office you cant have all in cardboard boxes its erm not easy to organize you cant and keep them open at the same time what is the most common problem youve experienced in your dealings with street its phoning them up and the person i want to talk to isnt there i think have you had any anybody else phone them up or written to them no no i think theyre quite abrupt and rude whenever ive phoned them up are they theyre not terribly friendly oh theyre usually okay i i mean what they dont know i mean i just find it annoying cos you get through to somebody who then passes you on to somebody else and then theyll talk to you and say well the person you want to talk to isnt here at the moment so youve had all this phone call and then youve got to ring again and you have to do it in office hours as well what has been your proudest moment this year oh that was rob when he was able er to enter the sub committee oh yes he was really proud of that and he he made a point of that being ill write that down for him years of struggle to get any influence to finally find himself oh good one what sort of committee is it then hearing aid well i think one does speak a bit louder in public meetings its just and i i can only do this work im sorry sorry i didnt hear oh i i didnt hear either turn that thing off i was asking what sub committee it was er the environmental they had a working committee didnt they and a sub its east herts isnt it i think was it east herts east herts yeah yeah east herts environmental sub committee yeah he sits on it well he had this environment mental officer they they in inaugurated him then at this meeting meeting when erm the thing you handed over charter the environment charter whys it a sub committee what happened to the proper committee as well yeah reports then back to the proper actual coun the er the works committee district council meeting well i know at district council there was two environmental groups was it the officers group and the members group oh i wonder which group herts county council cos when i was on the hertfordshire environmental of the group which has folded ive got all this money in the abbey national and theres no no group any more i think ill have to keep keep quiet ill have to send it off to but anyway it transpired that there were two groups sort of working towards the same end and nobody could work out what sort of erm role each played and it was terrible because you knew that they both had to agree before anything was done oh i suppose that was one way of nothing being done yes they didnt communicate the officers group and the members group that was right right anyway onwards erm theres going to be a sort of event at the rhodes centre erm for one world week on the twenty fourth of october and weve been asked to do a stall there which i said yes to without asking anybody so i hope thats alright what date is it october the twenty fourth thats a thursday were doing a traidcraft stall oh yes you what well he wanted to know who the traidcraft person oh really and he said he said he tried to phone you up and i said oh dont worry cos any you always get the answerphone could leave a message is it its at the rhodes centre thursday october the twenty fourth well if we do a stall i would really like to have at least a leaflet on new recycling yeah okay so that we have i mean nothing of design or anything just short information because i think its so right out of date yeah i know and he said you could sell things as well now i dont know what you think i just wondered did we ought to order anything from friends of the earth catalogue like those sort of things to sell cos that i mean theyre always going to be useful i use them myself and i expect you all mm the question is the quantity er yeah ive no idea well i mean i i know what barbara feels about this she feels that erm at the the level that we are working at it is really coun be counter productive to hold stock because however hard you try stock deteriorates yeah erm but i you know i feel that that very often we dont sell stock well couldnt we just have a few things and i feel that if we did have stock then then we would erm sell it so i mean that thats two ways of looking at it certainly if weve got some stuff in a box well i mean we neednt buy the expensive things like sweatshirts shall i try at erm cambridge i mean its october yeah but they will they they wont sell you on at a discount will they cos if we all but i mean i i just know that that harlow tried stock keeping and selling they gave up i know that er in hertford they were quite desperate all came up with the same idea and they wanted to do it and in the end they came to barbaras conclusions so that its a an expensive thing but i mean if we only had like the writing paper and the envelopes and reuse labels small items of stationery the stickers and i mean they still do yeah but i mean i i expect i mean even we had some left over e eventually you could sell them to our own members because theyd all want to use it mm and its cheaper than ordering it off the catalogue thats a good idea about cambridge isnt it you could borrow there stock is that what youre thinking and then take back what we didnt sell thats what i mean ive never talked to them so i i dont know yet well if they would let us borrow it thats a different matter to buying it from then because we then wouldnt make any money on it well i dont i have never heard of a local group that makes money out of this selling well you you buy it all at thirty three or twenty five percent discount so you can then sell it at a bit more but then you have then you have the stuff that doesnt sell and deteriorates and you still have to have paid for it so i think its possible to make a bit of money but at at at the rate you know i feel were all the time putting the cart before the horse erm you know if if we are going to try to keep going as a viable group then yes one of the things we should consider i mean i i dont ive come here sort of thinking oh is this it is this the crisis meeting or is it you know erm i mean i feel so so passionately that that we should keep going but mm i also feel just that i am able to contribute next to nothing in terms of time so and i think w were almost all in that situation erm you know we sort of seem to limp from one meeting to another without really committing ourselves to anything much and you know if we were able to commit ourselves to two public two meetings three meetings of some sort in a year where were actually gonna do something and present some sort of front par part of presenting some sort of front is to try to sell a few bits of pieces if were prepared to accept that were going to lose money yeah i mean if we were preaching you should use recycled products we if we had a few to sell at least mm yeah i mean you youre be selling your traidcraft stuff i mean which why why does barbara believe its okay to sell that but not no well were were in exactly the same problem with traidcraft you know we we used to sell thousand of pounds worth a year and now were down to couple of thousand a year and were s we are losing money on that mhm no were not actually losing money but i mean with traidcraft we are getting to the low point where we put borrowed stock well thats the recession isnt it or well what i thought was with this one world week thing at least people that who go might be more receptive to what we have to say to show and sell yes weve done really well with with traidcraft because that is thats the whole reason for the the the concert and theyre gonna have this concert in there as well and people will be buying tickets to go to yeah and i dont know an awful lot about it and theres going to be all these stalls where theyre coming obviously because they believe in that sort of thing so two or three years ago one world week was a full week of all sorts of different activities which were all very well attended its sort of dwindled very rapidly has it down to i d i dont even know what happened last year mm we just had a stall didnt we but it or was that last year what seven or eight of us wasnt it at st michaels the church yeah that was last year or was that two years ago er there was something at st michaels but i didnt know it was the one world week yeah i have never been involved in a one world week event at st michaels i thought there was one there you certainly were there in the church no i dont i dont think yeah anyway i mean hopefully this this will be sort of you know if its well publicized it it will be well attended because of the past i think we might as well get in a few things and anyway i want some envelope reuse labels ive run out completely there you are so many packets already well if you dont want traidcrafts reuse labels i dont care oh i didnt know you did them well erm doesnt matter does it well apart from this leaflet on recycling facilities what else shall we have on the stall well whos gonna do the leaflet i will i think we ought to sort that out well that will be i personally think thats the only thing we can do and we should just sort of say what is necessary to find out and everybody gets a few telephone numbers or telephone calls check out addresses find out about new ones get in contact with the district council erm what is in the pipeline find out about uttlesford possibly why theres is running and whether that is going to br breakdown erm and if we then find money for printing it i would approach barclays bank banks local banks and would it do it very modestly the same local the same style er and only hand it out to places where people are likely to pick it up and not bother about i mean charity shops erm library hairdressers surgeries boardman as i know i think thats a very sensible idea actually rather than er trying to do the whole town because that was er you know i mean it got the group together yeah i thought because everybody had the same experience i liked the experience because i had never done it mm what a waste of time the number of people ive talked to that i definitely knew had got and never knew they had got it mm yeah i mean but on the other hand the theres probably quite a few that did read it i mean i know when we moved house i had folder and one of each had got in it the recycling directory mm which is quite a nice surprise i mean had they had they sold to someone outside bishops stortford yeah then they could yeah erm i think we have to have something if we have a stall we lost all the erm cartoons original cartoons yeah oh thats a shame well i could photocopy that couldnt you yeah the detail difficult to see what it is but erm oh thats a real shame otherwise i will just do it in a different colour a different i mean then then then reshape the inside yeah er something before i i always forget everything the german friends of the earths people told me never to do the washing on monday mornings i mean thats something to put there as well i think because its a peak time for electricity and the electricity board er produces according to peak demands thats got nothing to do with recycling has it no i know but no but you do you think honestly though that that really does still hold true because if everyone ha mostly having automatics now you just wash as you go you dont have a washing day or is it specially monday they like ive got just automatically i wanted to do washing this morning really i dont i just put it when it gets too bad you know if havent got any clothes to its an interesting though i didnt know that they produced according to peak yeah i think its important to know its very important to know yes erm whatever dont do it monday mornings i usually do mine at midnight when i get home yes a lot of people do it overnight yeah but its not really a good idea because if something goes wrong with your machine youre not there to deal with it i mean ive had mine flood and ive had its thermostat go and it boiled everything i mean that would have been a disaster i mean its only because i was upstairs and i thought oh i can smell boiling you know it was like when you boil up hankies i thought what a there was dye came out of everything it was awful and another time it was all pouring all over the floor the other thing i mean to be healthy its more important to dry things and keep them dry for a while than to boil them bacteria survive heat for a short time yeah but they dont a for the percentage of bacteria that survives drought is is minimal so you dont need to boil logically er if you just keep your hankies iron them keep them dry then they are then they are sterile be bothered anyway back to the point he said pointedly well leaflet stall weve got to get back to the stall yeah er the recycling leaflet whos gonna do it its not gonna be done if we dont get somebody to actually front you know well take it on the thing is that i i can do revamp it on computer because it w you can scan what ma manually no you just stick it on a photocopier i see i wa before you do that ill get in touch with the guy who drew it and if he if he has got an original copy he might be able to erm to er what what you can do is you can then get basically you get the computer to type that out type that out ah and then you just do a run you dont have to go on to print it at all you just print it off thats one option then photocopy the rest of it ive got a laser printer yeah so i mean thats what i use for my business ive got a mackintosh and a laser printer so i mean ive got some recycled paper but but well traidcrafts got loads to sell not doing very well are you no because i have this erm dilemma whether to just photocopy off a very good original yeah or do we print the whole lot and we came to the conclusion it was cheaper to print oh than photocopy what its a bit slow isnt it yeah it depends well you can get get it to run through copies but the problem is that the cartridges for these printers they they cost about fifty pounds mm theyre not cheap so if i can do one run and then photocopy it mm it a is actually a lot better because you can get them usually get them down to about five p a copy well wont you lose lose definition on the drawing though with a laser printer no no no its even better oh thats alright okay no its im just going by the one at school and it because its all made up of little dots you no this is a laser printer this does it absolutely its not a dot printer its it is a laser printer oh well he keeps calling it his laser printerseen it in action we dont see that well so you you said you could do it for five p a copy well i r i r i reckon i reckon you can down to that yeah thats printing both sides yeah double sided printer and i ill try and get that verified but i think we could sell it i think we could sell it for yeah ten p or twenty p oh that that would be a different ball game selling it in places wouldnt it oh yeah ho how many thats our i mean you know you can go round in newsagents or doctors surgery and dump them but to actually say right can you s can you collect the money for us well one could put a box next to it well in some places yeah yeah but i mean mm a copys a lot it is yeah well although i mean it im not suggesting that isnt cheap but erm to produce at five p a copy oh yeah thousand its gonna cost whats it gonna cost er whats five thousands five thousands fifty pounds mm mm i mean im im im only going on the fact that i i tend to do everything on the cheap so i tend to get if i can find somebody who does photocopying i can do it then well do it for me to produce thatll cost me basically my time and my my you know i say my laser copiespaid for by my business erm copies so i mean if i if i produced for instance si five or six masters and then people can go and do copies here and there thats actually not a bad way of doing it and thatll be ive got about a ream of well its only about a ream paper just pr producing new copies as you need them rather than produce five thousand and i think we we have sort of hundreds to throw away in the end but i it to to er recycling yeah well ill get in touch with this east herts guy to get all his information good mm but erm you know we need to find out where to take somebody needs to collect somebody needs to be a contact for getting all the information to by a certain date well you can get it through me yeah okay tesco do they actually do now no has anybody been there no well they collect aluminium cans oh do they yeah thats what i was told i acted on what everyone had told me i then asked my friend who had a contact in tescos about it she said well there is one its just inside the doors where you dont see it walk in like that and youre looking at all the things in the shop not where its not in the recycling centre why dont they put it in the recycling centre i think its cos it looks like its made out of cardboard its its probably run by the scouts theyre in charge of it like yeah cos theres one at the swimming pool isnt there yeah yeah mm does anybody know anything about theres this little note in about erm recycling paper all sorts of paper magazines cardboard er on the first monday of the month does anybody know anything about that is this for boots every first monday of the mo month is the birchanger scout scout and he gave me that information repeatedly and hes terribly involved it its fantastic right yeah im always worried that his enthusiasm is stretched to the limit no no i mean the number of pe ive just passed my a levels ive got loads of papers going what can i do well i said ring birchanger scouts and as far as i know he always i mean the address is on there anyway yeah oh right is it oh er quite pertinent actually if we are actually going to do one what to ask people sorry in my in the letter yeah to the press ask people to er submit any information yeah oh what you mean youre gonna put at the bottom of the of the same letter or well yes yeah just write down all the information weve got now so there is can recycling at the swimming pool and at tesco privately run swimming pool erm swimming pool whos going to get the information who runs that who mm well i can do that i suppose well who runs what the swimming pool because i know the scouts do the tesco one and whenever they are put in these cardboard boxes they have to be sorted so somebody must sort them oh theyre not theyre not asking sorting oh i see erm so there must be somebody responsible and i think if if we write swimming pool and people take their cans there yes wed have to check erm i should first check check with them yeah quite so i i do you do tesco ill do the swimming pool i i i would check who actually is responsible for that but of course all paper now is all paper all paper what about this chap then its in the library th with his number well you ring him but if he if he gets upset or or oh i see its its strange you can give that as an address any uttlesford town of some size has got a comprehensive recycling centre now that takes any paper do you have to sort it do you have to take it sorted no no its just a big skip and it says at stanstead do they then sort it the car park no they its the council collects it and in uttlesford thats why i said we should get at the same time an uttlesford councillor because i would yes yeah like to know a whether their new scheme is only temporary is about to break down mm or whether they actually get the disposals cost incorporated into this skip collecting cost because the money they can get for this mixed paper must be a pittance mm almost hardly worth their while but if you look at the tonnage kept out of the landfill yeah it might work yeah but i mean it it so wheres this place in stanstead then do you know erm if you go in along cambridge road theres the turning to the right isnt there the first when you come up the hill at the monumentth th whatsit hill chapel hill chapel hill chapel hill you go down there do you and its by the library isnt it mm go down its its first left once youve turned right at you know where the library is opposite opposite there isnt it opposite the fire station near the white house round the back of the white house where the health centre is yes round the back of those few little shops in london road and you can take anything you can take erm any drink can unsorted you can take glass and you can take pa papers and in saffron waldren suddenly thought you still got to have a little holdall membership forms in it havent you with all that peat and stuff they even take er pills with all that do they oh thats interesting to know remember w we did that peat they had a box that had a national membership forms in we could have that on the stall couldnt we oh yesw i mean we have got various leaflets produce still which is in reasonable condition ive got yeah yeah we could take that you know membership and our own membership forms as well what pub is that then did you say a pub a pub yeah in front of the pub er in just before the oh the one in yeah before you go to st michaels school the pub what is it called oh yeah its the oak isnt it the royal oak yeah cos thats next door but one to me so yeah oh thats where you are yeah well anyway that is a new item on the recycling directory right oh theyve got one near those shops in humana could you find out what happens to the yeah i know they come er theres a big lorry comes and collects them yeah but whether they are sent to the third world or torn into rags or yeah well youve got the i mean industry uses rags wiping up oil and things like that i might c call if i see them collecting ill ask and then if youre collating you have to ring yeah erm find out from oh well ill get the the charity shops what they want havers shops yeah address oh right charity shops ah er the other item that we must mention is any extra plastic bags yeah ill ask about plastic bags are extremely welcome in any charity shop now what about engine oil because oh actually weve got some in our garage now sitting there and waiting to go somewhere the council takes it the council takes it yes im almost certain i mean a visit to the council to find out exactly what they do take would be mm but can you take it back to garages as well no no no halfords halfords in harlow is one that that that we found out took it but i ce ce im almost certain the council takes it yeah i remember big bins wasnt sort of sure what else they also take batteries i know that car batteries do they car batteries the car batteries thats the council to get money at at right but what about erm little batteries i im collecting those yeah you are collecting them what happens to radio batteries are still doing it yeah and they bring them up to me ah im just waiting for a day of action on what do english er what do the english do with batteries and then dump them in those letters ursula th theres yeah a letter which says they they have stopped doing it oh yeah that photostad have stopped doing it oh about the second quite early on isnt it oh yeah i was i was gonna say its about the last one think you were reading them upside down well they only they only er took the batteries over to me before we left on holiday so they must still be doing them and that was two huge boxes oh er i know they are not very happy well that needs a check that needs needs another check i i would guess yeah and i quite honestly i dont i im going to say about back to this erm sump oil my brotherinlaw said he read in the paper that erm over a year sort of the amount of oil tipped on our land and down drains which shouldnt be there is almost like equivalent to the disaster at exxon valdez i heard that th erm the amount of oil that people just tip on the ground or down the drains or whatever mm over a year is equivalent to the disaster of the exxon valdez so really people ought to be trained to take their engine oil out theres this theres this er out of sight out of mind principal you are fined you are heavily fined in germany and for decades already you were not allowed to wash your car on a normal street because oil would automatically be flushed into into the guttering into the they must be going absolutely mad about east germany mustnt they well its just so incredible that this oil has never been i mean nobody focused on it did they no people just dont think they just tip it oh tip it down the drain same with petrol stations i mean the way they spill the petrol i know there used to be safety catch mechanism yeah but there isnt now is there it just comes splashing out well really i mean with quite a few you really have to watch out which is they had a row at erm petrol station when that happened to her and they said it was our car and and it went cos it was quite a bit more worth petrol that went all over the place and she refused to pay and they me up about it i i sort of denied all knowledge i didnt know it had happened i think they were being most unreasonable we at the time the attendant said it was alright she didnt have to pay for it it could easily i mean will be shorter i think sorry fewer localities now this will be shorter i think we can easily put erm pits for daily life or how to be environmental and then oh a few tips oh with respect i really think it ought to be recycling and nothing else mm well i just find these i mean we had quite a few now cos recycling sort of comes into the tips for daily life as well though doesnt it its part of it like protecting people dont just save bottles they save their glass jars seem to be patronizing people when really you just want to give information as well people dont always think of yeah reusing things reusing things is almost the same as recycling isnt it reuse yes yeah i suppose its i mean well it is really isnt it reusing is better than recycling yeah erm so erm i take so it reduce or reuse recycling has anybody got a con punchlines are much better than sort of er because peoplell read those well you can write save money across the top then well i i wrote actually that article for the the herald and post that has appeared in harlow but not here a whole load of tips like that oh now every week i open herald and post and think oh its gonna be in there its gonna be in there but it never is its only appeared in harlow and she told me it would get in the bishops stortford one but it hasnt so far its a bit annoying really who does all the schools as to recycling they must be checked what about asking caroline school well i mean somebody who knows the teachers or yes thats gonna be a difficult one cos they dont always want i will ill do the schools yeah erm the general public walking into their yeah we ought to split the schools because theres quite a lot of them ill do the primary you do the secondary ill do the secondary what about that okay primary well i think boys high were active in between werent they whether they er still are how about st mary i i found that erm erm littered all over the place st mary is wall the p e do they still do it the p e teacher is supposedly collecting aluminium cans and weve been through various daft schemes of stopping the children from throwing the cans everywhere because weve got this coke machine and we even had one where they paid a ten p deposit on a can so they paid forty p instead of thirty or whatever and i got hardly any cans back or they did was b buy them from the school canteen where they were still thirty and the coke machine wasnt used well why not er encourage the canteen to charge forty they didnt but then they had as well well they wont because they they they have to make money in order to survive the more money they make the better for them they have to run it as a business now for profit im afraid er oh i did have one polish lad whos now left who used to go round looking for all the cans and hed then collect the ten ps scheme folded through lack of support so what else is mentioned here i think that still holds and i can check i will go and and car batteries is the same other batteries ill check pills er you check yeah furniture erm yeah i think thats is there a second hand furniture shop now in bishops stortford there is one isnt there is there one down by the causeway yes there is who is going to check that well i can check it yeah yeah whether they take yes yes i mean whether they want any right okay could i just borrow your pen and ill write that down thanks are red cross still taking furniture in stortford now where is red cross erm well i think the furniture you have to take down to ware when i last phoned theres a number in the er when i was church street so thats a few years now so it needs to be checked would you do that so its whether they take furniture okay newspapers i think that is normally isnt it do you think people are folded whats that shop in the causeway near the sunbed erm it its a second hand furniture in there isnt it is it but h i mean are people in the habit of wanting to get rid of furniture i mean i mean if it if its really grotty i mean well you can get i mean according to the leaflet you can just phone up and get the council to collect no glass we havent got any bottle banks and thats where we need to contact what is in the pipeline yeah bottle bank somewhere yeah theres theres one at sainsburys now isnt there which is new since that yeah there is thorley sainsburys thorley sainsburys they have one now they do yes oh they suddenly found the room yes actually well in a parking block er would anyone like coffee no thank you one two now what was it i mean or would you prefer anything else some tea tea ill ill go and check one thing i struck me this week theres a new regulation as regard punctures on tyres because i had this completely flat tyre and a whole new set of tyres and i said to him well cant you mend it cant you put an inner tube in like i ive done before cos there was a nail in it you see yeah and i said just get the nail out and re repair the inner tube he said no its the theres a new regulation this year that if the outer case of the you know the tyre has tea theyre not allowed to repair it because safety regulations because the whole expanse and then supposedly the actual puncture comes off and i said well what happens to these extra tyres right so he sa i mean does anybody know anything about anything like that no no presum i mean i just lost four i know this i just know about about a sort of friend of ours is making money meanwhile in germany he found well of course erm connections so he got the permission through the embassy hes now running lorry loads of worn tyres to russia to the soviet union and makes money loads of money because the tyres they couldnt ha get any tyres so the tyres he saw there were totally without profile you know yeah so the old tyres he could erm find in germany were a lot better he carted them over making thousands out of it yeah well people do that here though dont they se sell them to africa and places yeah alright if it doesnt rain actually so it wouldnt matter if they didnt have treads on er treads on the tyres if its dry it doesnt really matter you just go round slicks and i think could chop them up and use them to make road surfaces with yeah but percentages is mm at least you know they can do it mm thats right oh they can do quite a lot of it i mean even the the su surface out of the play in playgrounds mm i can never quite work out why that most roads so so far ive got two coffees here and one tea anybody else for anything ill have a coffee please coffee black please black coffee white white white so weve got about six weeks in which to do this so how many weeks i mean theres no excuse i all the jobs are quite quickly done arent they yeah so what we ought to have a deadline for collect collecting the information and then get together yeah to put it together and then decide on and how to and how to get how to get it to put it together shall we say three weeks three weeks yeah probably for everybody just to do it and yeah and i dont think anybody has more time in in four weeks time so if you say six weeks by then you yeah yeah its too near so the thirtieth of september well meet here again meeting can can we meet at house yes its more sensible for meet where whats your address forty two thirty two is that alright or what mondays is actually not very good for me but hopefully by then i dont think i can make that either but er val can i have your phone number please right erm what did you say thirtieth well thats go through so plastics erm ya i think thats reusing is better than recycling and erm then mention the charity shops i mean we dont need to imply anything there theres no new recycling centre nearby for plastics is there so who mentioned this the what talk about recycling mention that i just remember it from the now bejam have become iceland they havent done the plastic bags collection have they like the a lot of the they havent got a provision for plastic bags is that worth checking out i know a lot of the iceland do have a recycling i ill do that if im doing plastic bags at charity shops ill check plastic bag recycling whats happened to sainsburys one p back cos they dont actually yes i was yes they dont actually give you one p any more no i think supposed to they are supposed to i i always make them give me three p this in the friend of the earth germany she stayed with us i really would have liked you to meet her she was fanatic you have cat f food in tins how dare youyou know what do they from the butcher and oh really locally no transport cut out transport only local foods and if its available yes well mm so who who are you doing the bottle bank you doing the bottle banks whos doing the bottle banks yeah thanks ever so much because er caroline once wanted one in a school and we werent allowed to have it no i wont thank you well theres one at erm the erm wine merchant you know erm the one down the bottom of thorley hill well they were they were sort of advertising er giving you money back i dont know if down in the er yeah can you find out more and also we do quite a few we can write at the bottom er for more inf if you have any more information or something in small print mm please contact and then we can do the next few hundred the thing is you can you can change them very easily ya that means you can er pay for it easier i wouldnt print more than three hundred for a start so if we get further information we can always if not we can just get printed thats very impressive isnt it thats that council of environment no sorry councils environment advisory committee oh that must be that must be the one er robs on thought this was good about the buying the r s p c a that boat oil spill doesnt look very steady though does it yeah they look like its ever so tiny isnt it yeah coracle well theyve got to keep their green image green image going havent they so kath while you were coffee making we decided on er three weeks for collecting information oh right and another three weeks for production which will make the thirtieth of september a meeting at portland road thats a monday although for two of us mondays arent good so i dont know whether i would prefer another day three that makes three monday or tuesday is no good you cant do tuesday wednesday wednesday now wednesday would be the second of october second of october its at your house is that all thats changed then has it wednesday the second of october have we decided on wednesday no i think we should thing is i dont think i can but er i mean i might be able to pop in for about half an hour because i mean i can find out what goes on yeah and leave leave the stuff yeah beforehand ill probably phone it in actually yeah if thats okay er second at what ti wednesday second of october what time eight thirty eight thirty and this is this is about the leaflet is it yeah yes get all the information decide on how we do the thing and erm do take it to go into details of that its probably much more sensible to do it with just two or three people but er at least if we can pull the information together that evening thatd be a start form a sub committee ooh sub committee with everybody present well you can always divide up thanks ever so much folks and ill see you oh youve got to go soon see you bye katherine see you then thanks katherine your welcome ill be in touch bye so whats gonna be on this stall then apart from the new leaflets and a few some re reuse labels yeah youre gonna buy youre gonna buy some ill send off for some stuff ill just do it okay those traidcraft ones weve got some money money sitting round accounts doing nothing how much money have we got oh probably loads cant remember id better let you know what we have got in stock just in case theres anything there that youre yeah you havent have you no i i dont think so are you gonna get leaflets and you know friends of the earth leaflets ive got l well theyve got loads ive got a big wallet folder full of all the various leaflets you have right erm car stickers and cakes or anything like produce or i dont know i mean it its up to you i dont know if its that sort of a do really mm hundred and sixty eight pounds thirty nine pence oh gosh is that their new catalogue or is that the one the summer one this is spring summer its its the latest one isnt it i havent had another one i mean they may be just just just about bringing one out so theyre just about to bring one out arent they the christmas lot will be out that one sorry august that one the r s p b well i ive been sent a local oh that was is that true no ive got a no it said it in there ive got a local group six pound order form autumn and winter ninety one but i dont think they change that much i think they just sort of its the same thing in a different order and its its got a lot of sort of stuff thats left over from christmassy things thatll do yeah erm but i mean do we want to have any produce or anything else im just looking at this stall thinking theres gonna be next to nothing on it mm yeah i think if some cakes we need definitely oh so we have to do to make it look right so good advertising what is the what is the concert in fact well i i honestly dont know an awful lot about it i dont think he knows that much it was low cost through the no cos its concert theres going oh concert to be a concert there all saints they were going to have a concert werent they no this is at the rhodes centre the rhodes centre the concert at which weve got this stall yeah the traidcrafts stall i mean he kept he didnt know he said to me on the phone he didnt know a great deal cos he was just getting it all together and he said today he phoned me just as i was going out and i didnt really sort of stop and talk to him very long he just asked me what we needed and i said well a table we dont really need anything else do we like power supply or oh no quite something with flashing lights on it so what time of the day is that its evening seven or eight oclock he told me how long does it go on for no idea he said hed phone me again you see i think if theres a concert therell be a rush at the beginning and therell be a rush at the end possibly a rush at the at an interval i suppose what concert is it then i mean well i dont know sounds a funny funny evening to me bit of a mishmash isnt it i mean but hes he just the oth the other thing we could do sorry liz is is to see whether green consumer rob and trish want to to to have something i guess that would be a i mean i wonder who exactly youre attracting if youve got people coming to listen to music and then well i think something to do with the church isnt it i think he mentioned the church go through the church i dont know what the onethe the theres usually a theme for every one world week each year and i dont know what the theme is for this year act together for tomorrows world yeah fine well yeah there you go and he said we come under that heading so good right but all he theres nothing else going on apart from this concert i dont know ill ask him ill ask him erm wed better get on to a few other things ive got erm greenpeace written to me theyre having a family fun day on what day is it saturday the twenty eighth of september thats at much hadham hall village hall two oclock to five oclock they want to know if we want to have a stall there family fun day much hadham village hall yeah do you know where that is in much hadham opposite the bull pub isnt it right er he wants to know do we want to have a stall there and thats gonna cost us five pounds if we have that erm well you could get produce for that and then if you ordered now i bet they probably be really competing with them in a way wont we cos theyve got all the same sort of stuff wont they yeah greenpeace sell them mugs and reuse labels and sort of things like that i dont know what you think erm and theres er i would suggest if its a fun day why dont we do a game or something why do you know well its theyre celebrating their twentieth birthday celebrations erm and then th in the evening theres an event which starts at eight oclock with two live bands cabaret disco and bar tickets three pound fifty does anybody want to go thats a good idea but its offer to do a game well theyve got what theyve got on here is theyve got whale watch talk and slides punch and judy show magic and juggling with ka plate spinning er playbus painting competition raffle refreshments tombola and various merchandise stalls so i suppose thats us quite mm do they do fire eating act or we can contortionism or my legs up behind my neck an alternative might be to just to ask whether some of our membership forms could be put out so that well i think theyre more interested in the five pounds yeah alright well yeah i mean to make a contribution no to be honest because that thats what greenpeace do isnt it dont you belong yeah start the harlow one up yeah the whole of their effort really is devoted to yeah they dont do it theyre actually they just do fund raising to their local groups and everything else is obviously sort of controlled by central office or thats right everything is central ac action is central or something yeah but i mean so theyre probably just gonna have their you know merchandise and a few people sort of its difficult really because i mean were sort of striving for the same sort of things i know yeah arent we its er you dont want to be seen to be erm whos it actually run by competing with each other in any way well i think his names actually written out im not sure its like trying to unite the churches yeah it looks like somebody plus plusky oh yeah no oh well its signed by s oh no sorry that cant possibly say well it says leslie at the top but theres something else underneath i mean is that but is that a greenpeace central office thing or is it erm a local group a local group east herts but does it pat does it doesnt he for herts yeah he still does it now how do you know that have got so involved in that yeah and and bob did it here in bishops stortford but i dont know whether hes still i think he still does it because he was very committed but i i just pat was doing it for bishops stortford on or thereabouts because he sent me all the details about the whale walk cos i i gave his name to this guy organizing the one world week and he hadnt had any joy out of greenpeace can i borrow that a minute what this yeah the problem weve got with greenpeace they might not have so much in the way of merchandise and they just have the stickers and theres the leaflets things and leaflets yeah i think it just depends whether the local group want to take up the option or not i dont think theres anything ive got to tell you er except theres a day of action but its right thats right into november now so you can hear about that so we this next meeting at yeah i i think we can sort out more about the st stall i mean if we can sell things well this this this er greenpeace letter predates the september oh that is a pity i think thats actually a bit too soon to get ourselves organized shall i shall i just write off and send them like pound or donation and a few leaflets could yeah say were quite prepared to make a contribution mm you put them out or circulate them yeah yeah i mean dont think rob would be interested yeah he he ought to know about it though ill ask him about it cos he lives up the road from there doesnt he oh yeah erm and he could collect some money for the alright ill tell yeah i expect he you know theyre fairly busy but you know they may well and ill tell not want to go yeah anyway ill see you all on wednesday thanks for coming erm bye liz ill going in the afternoon theres a few other things that ive got to get through here i mean erm ive got here ive been sent some stuff by chris who used to run harlow group oh yeah chris who was that not christine yeah thats right they cos erm so ive got a whole long list of all these people who used to belong to harlow which is absolutely enormous is that friends of the earth yeah masses of names loads of money and well no i no theyve folded now they have folded well i think that list is the list that what was his name chris quite a few as well but if you look properly its a that is not only harlow remember he wanted to merge the groups dont you remember oh yeah oh yes of course and he had all the numbers because he also works yes some of ou yeah in a erm london isnt it the national no its its all the no he wanted to call it stort group or something oh yeah stort valley or something wasnt it stort valley group well theres a lo quite a lot its mostly harlow actually when you look through it but there are bishops stortford ones too yeah thats all the and the vast majoritys harlow that was his plan of having what what do they do they want what do they want to do do they want join our group or nothing he said he hes apparently just moved and hes got involved with this other charity erm to do with the united nations friends of the earth and just passed it on to me cos the there there must be useful contacts you see people who sympathize weve got the names mm they were fairly enthusiastic when they started off mm so i but i i mean we i dont know whether you think its worth contacting or not it might be yes w either when weve got a reason to contact them yeah or with a specific letter for them saying you know welcome if you if you feel like it actually just just quickly er i just noticed on that list of your questionnaires that we got back a couple that they didnt actually know what was going on and that you know perhaps this is er erm publicity wise i wonder whether were falling a bit short on our publicity well they didnt know i mean like first newsletter weve had in ages and its something else that we need to get we cant just sort of no exactly weve got to get we should get more publicity but its ever so easy for somebody to sit at home and say well you should be doing this and you should be doing that oh yeah yeah and not doing no im im not sa im not saying im not saying you should be doing anything im just er no i didnt mean you i meant them no well i well really i dont think you should say youre not doing enough no i think last year more or less shows that we really have to concentrate on one thing do it and then plan yeah plan the next because otherwise we just and then write about it if we want to yeah so what what well do quickly to write and inform them all that were doing this stall and wont we yes we could even send them a recycling sheet yeah and the most recent newsletter yeah yeah and a and a short letter i do dont know whether you said that are you talking about this lot or yeah or that lot sorry yeah sorry i was also tal we were talking about our own membership talking about stortford oh right and we passed on no i think they i mean they complain they dont get any information my first contacts with friends of the earth in this region sort of what six years ago was harlow mm and they were all enthusiastic and confident and well what happened to them and when there was another friend who was still over here at that time and we went three times and they always planned and planned and planned and had ideas what they could do and they never pulled round to actually doing it no properly right and i think the same happened as with us they wrote letters and they did didnt have the energy mm to write again and again you know and you never get a positive answer clear answer first first time round do you mm you have to write and and write more details or put more pressure on and have more people write but if you just write a single letter yeah but you should i know you two have been yeah mm im used to it i mean it evaporates didnt we have er a membership thing which said about erm membership form which actually explained what what we did in if you want to join return this sort of thing yeah ive got loads of those have you still got those yes ive got all those weve still got those somewhere then yeah well ive go have got the i dont think i dont know if ive got a master but i know ive got lots that could be copied so we could send them out well ive got the master still somewhere well anyway its something to bear in mind the fact that weve got that list anyway erm yeah how many sort of whats the approximate number of people on it i dont know im not very good at estimating numbers one two three four oh and then there was theres its its its not all harlow its all just yeah its stort valley ya this chris what was his name i dont remember i dont didnt even know his name was chris dont you remember he he then suggested th that walk along the stort i do yeah i mean id forgotten all about him but i can remember do you remember that that was a really silly thing wasnt it can i just have a look kath yeah he organized it all and then i think was it a week before he suddenly said well we cant possibly have two hundred people walking along a nature trail that we want to protect and he was really of the illusion that there might be i think two hundred no six hundred people two hundred people might turn up turning up in the end i think three people turned up oh it was it was no it was this looks really interesting get it i had to write off yeah er it was a nice er display thing to show to show the kids when you do talks in schools yeah yeah well i mean id certainly use it is is that greenpeace yeah thats what i think is its no its a resources pack mm its his own is it well hes obvious theyve obviously the group has bought it and hes got it and hes gonna say do you want to buy oh yeah oh yeah for ten instead of twenty originally cost twenty pounds and we could get it for ten its er its chris its erm living forests resources pack looks good doesnt itthat i thought erm with all sorts of po posters and teachers notes and things well i firmly believe in building up a library so do i good im glad i i mean theres you said that because i w i want to buy a book no library because i think er if you are contacted for information and you are able to say okay we have a book or we have books yeah thats thats one of the things i i i ke ive kept all my new scientists i keep these yeah i go through them gonna collate that cos theres loads of stuff in there good yeah but i do get quite a few people phone me as you know asking for information i just photocopy relevant bits none of none of them has got in contact with me really no arent they funny i get the feeling well i should give you er that they either phone in phone me and then get it all given to them just like that that yeah and no further effort involved cos well i should i could no it isnt this woman who who keeps phoning me up about all this oil pollution on her land she she i sent i wrote off to friends of the earth i got a load of information all about the law and she still phones me up and say oh you know what the district councils they wont do anything and the n r a wasnt doing anything and i said well when did you last contact them february apparently shes got a problem that the oil pollution is coming off this site where theyre refurbishing the boilers its gotten on to her land and off her land and into the ditch which is you know the n r a where is that er roydon some way you know where all those nurseries are and because the oil is coming to the ditch via her land they cant have a go at the primary source this is what she said and i to me it doesnt sound right she said nobodyll nob they all say they havent got the power to prosecute and i said well the n r a has theyve got more clout than anybody else mm more clout than the district council and then she keeps saying but you know what these councils are like and i said im not talking about the council im talking about the n r a and now she wants me to find out how can er found out about a solicitor or somebody who specialises in this sort of thing to take the district council to court so that shes more expensive to them than this other lot will be apparently theyre causing quite te dreadful pollution its all this oil from the boilers leaking on to her into her soil and out into the ditch well certainly is but erm in the back of my mind there comes that shes saying to me dont get involved dont get involved you know who owns all that land its the mafia and this could be why shes getting nowhere you could give her er erm er wr give her the address of friends of the earth london oh shes already thats how she got in contact with me you see they refer everybody on and then i well but they should give her a soli the name of a solicitor there must be green solicitors about i have to write to them and ask them and about a month later they reply to me and i pass it on to her because i dont know off hand ive asked jeffrey to ask a friend about it whos a solicitor if he knows anybody but i c i cant i havent got the in information i dont does anybody of you remember where friends of the earth england erm analyze their expenditures their income and their finance for the last year i i saw it somewhere and i got lost track of it and i was appalled as to how much they spend on publicity but i cant do anything with it because i lost the numbers mm i dont know ill have have a look i dont remember seeing the thing is this does anybody of you seen that or remember no no no so are we saying yes to that yeah yeah erm can i just ask you does anybody wanna go on the energy campaign weekend no thank you and theres this book which i think we might like to dont worry erm energy without aids which i think would be a good idea if we got it because i dont know about you but im always having arguments with people who say oh we cant have the whole country covered in windmills and mm things like that they all think nuclear powers okay so we really need to know our whats the energy thing weekend just out of curiosity and good right go on i dont i dont know these things no well you dont get them i do and i feel obliged to pass it all on i cant just sort of no but it i its only six ninety five and i thought if we had you know a few facts at our fingertips to say well thats all rubbish you know so what is that is that er booklet or something its a book book just talking about al you know alternative on erm renewable yeah energy really i think yeah because they keep saying oh whats gonna happen when the whole population of china wants a fridge and mm god i havent got an answer for things like that mm there is no answer really because want to catch up with us and were already using too much energy change your lifestyle i just thought the more facts youve got at your fingertips the more easy it is to persuade people yeah if weve got some money we might as well spend it yeah yeah okay educate ourselves an and the next day of action as i said before is on tropical rainforests erm connection with er tropical woods oh we did actually do november the ninth for the architects like hertfordshire architects yeah for example do something basically have a yes mailshot or ring them up or theyre a pretty depressed lot at the moment yeah i bet they are they have nothing to do not much to look forward to so theyll probably like a bit of excitement nothing to do no i i dont know what its going to be about they havent sent any information its just that er ive got the date right when when they say is it an action day its an action day its the next day of action and what date thats a saturday what date november the ninth its only just after the one world week thing well its october well if i if i get well its only two weeks after yeah and i dont know what its going to be you know know which would recommend yeah this i mean i have been into this window frame business mm because we have to have sash and sash soft wood so anyway various companies wrote well they do use tropical rainforest wood but yeah its government er schemes yeah its like some sort of erm okay yeah and i mean i have i i remember that on some t v programmes they they said its all bogus mm i mean that it is not really government run er they reforest it but what they reforest is eucalyptus or yeah palm erm they oil palm plantations mm mm they just er actually ive got a ive got a brilliant picture that i took outside the train erm we were travelling through malaysia and erm its just one canopy tree standing on its own in the middle of nowhere and theres all this sort of undergrowth and its obviously that one wasnt just didnt want it or it was dead or something and they just left it mhm and its just the one and then ive got all the pictures of all the logs on the train wagons and er that was really it was a it was a good picture actually cos i thought oh look at that poor old tree there its yeah all its friends and then it was just standing there on the ground but really its completely its completely wiped out malaysia the whole of central malaysia is just just gone and all the soils eroding cos its sort of sand and its red and it goes into dust so it goes everywhere so i mean theres gonna be trouble with that in the future its where they get all the flooding isnt it oh yes right oh okay thanks thank you very much salmon salmon is a kind of teleost fish it is a general term for commercially important rayfinned fish from the family salmonidae salmon belong to the same family of fish as the trout most kinds of salmon live in salt water or migrate between rivers and the sea many people like to eat salmon so sometimes the fish is grown in fish farms as the salmon go upstream to the spawning grounds they may face obstruction from beaver dams sluice gates have to be provided so the gravid female salmon can get to the spawning grounds this is a problem caused by the reintroduction of beavers to the uk sluice gates are opened for the salmon at breeding time salmon farms are also possible in which the fish are nonmigratory but then they have to be fed artificially coloring salmons get the pink color of their flesh from a pigment called astaxanthin wild salmon get it from the krill and shrimp they eat while farmed salmon gets traces of it in kibble compound feed if they dont have the pigment their flesh has a gray color eating usual ways to make food out of salmon are smoking cold smoking and graving wicquinghem wicquinghem is a commune it is found in the nordpasdecalais region in the pasdecalais department in the north of france
parc des princes the parc des princes princesparkin english is an allseater football stadium in paris france ciao the wordciaois a greeting in italian it is used for bothhelloandgoodbye it is less formal than other greetings in italian such asbuongiornoorsalve the word originally comes from the venetian language it is also sometimes used by english speakers and speakers of other languages around the world other words that mean bothhelloandgoodbyeareshalomin hebrewsalaamin arabicannyeongin korean andalohain hawaiian in vietnamese the wordchàoalso meanshelloorgoodbye it sounds similar but is not related to the italian word neuvillette somme neuvillette is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france gnu parted gnu parted is a free computer program for creating destroying resizing checking and copying partitions and the file systems on them this is useful for creating space for new operating systems reorganising hard disk usage copying data between hard disks and disk imaging it was written by andrew clausen and lennert buytenhek graphical frontends gparted is a graphical program using the parted libraries it is adapted for gtk it is often included as utility on many live cd distributions to make partitioning easier diagnosis a diagnosis is an accurate and precise account of the nature or cause of something medical diagnosis is the bestknown field but diagnosis can be applied to any subject whereas a doctor diagnoses what is wrong with a patient a motor mechanic can diagnose the fault in a car in all cases they replace a vague query such asmy car will not start with an exact analysis such asits out of petrol notice the diagnosis is precise enough so the solution can be seen these ideas work even in more subtle cases a boy brings an insect in a box to a natural history museum he asks an expertwhat is thisthe expert saysyou mean apart from it being a beetlewhen the boy nods the expert looks at the insect under a magnifying glass or a binocular microscope chances are it is a common beetle and the expert can give the boy quite a lot of information about it but if it is not known to the expert a much longer study is needed large reference books will be consulted trays of similar insects will be taken out of store to be compared a full diagnosis needs at least the genus and species if the species is unknown the detailed work of description is needed for publication related concepts mostly in biological taxonomy the adjectivediagnosticis used for any distinctive trait which places the specimen in a precise category for example a single bone making up the lower jaw isdiagnosticof a mammaldiagnosticsis the name given to procedures which spell out what to do to find the cause of a fault this term is used a lot in computer systems
merlion merlion is a national icon of singapore that can be found at merlion park this icon possess the head of a lion and the body of a fish which have their own meaning the head of the lion symbolizes singapores original city name based on the history of the srivijaya prince from palembang who have spied a strange creature identified as a lion when he landed near the mouth of singapore river meanwhile the body of the fish represent the fishing village as singapores origins known astemasek thenmala thenmala is a town of tourist attraction near punalur town kollam district in kerala india ecotourism thenmala is the first planned ecotourism centre in india the thenmala dam is a popular ecotourism centre in kerala thenmala dam is the second largest irrigation project in kerala gogoșu dolj gogoşu dolj is a commune found in dolj county romania qadiri the qadiri or qadiriyyatarikaortariqahwaypath is one of the major sufi orders or schools it was founded by hazrat sheikh abd alqadir algillani a sufi sage and holy man in baghdad fawcett city fawcett city is a fictional city located in the american midwest and the home of the marvel family it appears in publications by fawcett comics
menongue menongue is a town and municipality in cuando cubango province in angola it is also the capital of the province it is the end of the southern railway from namibe horus horus was the egyptian god of the sky sun weather storms health healing kingship loyalty war and protection of mankind he was the son of isis and osiris after fighting his uncle set osiris and isisbrother he became the king of egypt during this fight he lost his eye theeye of horusbecame one of the most important symbols in ancient egypt and egyptian civilization when horus lost his eye his eye set out on a journey of its own when the other gods tried to catch the eye his eye began to cry these tears became the first people of egypt in egyptian belief the eye of horus the eye of horus also known as wadjet eye wedjat eye or udjat eye is an ancient egyptian symbol of protection royal power and good health the eye of horus is similar to the eye of ra which belongs to a different god ra but represents many of the same concepts according to egyptian myth horus lost his left eye in a struggle with set the eye was magically restored by hathor and this restoration came to symbolize the process of making whole and healing for this reason the symbol was often used in amulets worship horus was worshiped all over egypt especially in pe bendet and khem there were many falcon gods before horus but eventually horus represented all of them he was worshiped until the end of the predynastic period in upper egypt south in the town of edfu was ptolemaic a temple for horus in kom ombo there was another temple for horus called the kom ombo temple horus was a good friend of sobek he was also worshipped as a guide to the pharaohs physical appearance horus was considered handsome and usually appeared as a falcon or a falcon headed man although sometimes he appeared as a falcon headed crocodile sometimes he would take the form of a celestial falcon with his left eye the moon and his right eye the sun his speckled breast feathers the stars the down sweep of his wings creating the winds he is sometimes shown with a copper knife in addition he normally wore the double crown to signify his rule over all of egypt and to relate with the pharaoh purpose horus was the god of the sky and also the god of war the pharaoh ruling at any given time of egypt was always the living image of horus when he died that pharaoh became osiris the god of the dead and the father of horus the new pharaoh became horus his purpose was to protect the pharaoh he was a protector god who was a god who fought evil he represented justice and righteousness he fought with seth to avenge his father osiris who was killed by seth when horus defeated seth he conquered his father osiris throne and became protector baurech baurech is a commune it is in the region aquitaine in the gironde department in the southwest of france hadaka no tsukiai hadaka no tsukai is an idea in japanese culture it is the idea of spending time together naked hadaka no tsukai friendships are not sexual they are platonic a family a group of housewives from the same neighborhood a group of businessmen or a group of classmates might spend time together naked at a sentō bathhouse at an onsen hot spring or at a health club this makes them feel like a group sihlbrugg sihlbrugg is a village in the municipality of baar zg hausen am albis zh hirzel zh and neuheim zg in the canton of zug and zurich in switzerland
gorenflos gorenflos is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france scheidegg bavaria scheidegg is a municipality in the district of lindau in bavaria in germany it is a licensed kneipp cure spa and air health resort mauborget mauborget is a municipality in the juranord vaudois district in the canton of vaud in switzerland we certainly will be today erm i it looks as though everybodys gone anonymous on me today could you please turn your name boards round so we can see whos who thank you very much er the other rule with well method of procedure most of you know about it but if you want to attract my attention during the course of the discussion simply put your name board up on end and we can see who wants to speak we also yes i must remind you that we have read the papers so i dont necessarily want to go through it word by word line by line er but obviously when you want to make a point you will refer back to those papers but dont you must assume that we have read them and that everybody else has read them er today were going to look at this policy e two the op open countryside and there are presented to you for the discussion three matters and the first one is is the policy required and if so does it give sufficient guidance the next matter is is the proposed policy too restrictive and does it adequately reflect national policy guidance on the need to rural enterprise and diver diversification of the rural economy now obviously b does follow quite properly from a but lets start off with mr williamson picking up the question is the policy required and if so does it give everybody sufficient guidance mr williams thank you chairman ken williamson north yorkshire county council chairman much has been said during the course of this examination about the quality of the environment in north yorkshire particular emphasis has been placed on the fact that the county embraces the best part of two national parks as well as two and a half areas of outstanding natural beauty and a heritage coast collectively these areas of national designation cover about forty five percent of the three thousand two hundred square miles which constitute the county of north yorkshire as befits their status they are the subject constructed on policy e one which affords high priority to conservation landscapes and general amenity the majority of the remaining seventeen hundred square miles or so of the county also comprises open countryside most of its vastly populated and punctuated by well defined compact small market towns and villages the majority of this remaining countryside is also of a high quality deserving in the county councils view protection in the words of p p g seven for the sake of its beauty the diversity of its landscapes the wealth of its natural resources and its ecological agricultural and vacational value there is however no existing policy control development and change across this wide countryside this represents in our view a major gap in the strategic policy framework for such an extensive rural county and one which is becoming increasingly in need of filling chairman back in nineteen eighty when the county councils original structure plan submission was examined the panel who subsequently the secretary of state rejected the proposal for a policy to control development in the open countryside outside the nationally designated areas primarily to suggest that on the grounds that the agricultural policy in the plan were equally capable of achieving the objectives sort by the proposed open countryside policy chairman i think in nineteen eighty this was quite possibly true thirteen years on er the situation has changed and changed quite dramatically it is no longer government policy to retain as much agricultural land in productive use as then at the same time new places have been exerted on the countryside almost daily although they were at the agricultural policies undoubtedly continue to be relevant still have a significant part to play in many current situations it is undoubtedly true their role and application in the nineteen nineties is significantly different from that envisaged back in nineteen eighty county council believes therefore that is is now appropriate to clarify the strength of the general thrust of strategic policy as regards the development of the open countryside by introducing its new policy e two county councils encouraged by the fact that the introduction policy e two is supported by all the north yorkshire districts and they are after all at the sharp end of implementing structure policy its largely on the alerting of the county councils decided to incorporate such a policy in this alteration county councils similarly encouraged by the widest support inclusion of the policy has elicited as i say at least in principle chairman and most of the respondents to alteration number three i think in this context there are very few people who have actually said it is not relevant or appropriate to introduce introduce the policy at this stage chairman i think i should say in proposing the proposed policy e two it should be stressed the county councils not seeking to introduce a policy of restraint and restriction on the development which attempts to mirror that already applying within any of the nationally designated areas the county council fully recognizes that this would be appropriate inappropriate sorry and unacceptably constraining nevertheless it does believe it is appropriate that the strategic thrust of the policy should be based on the premise that development proposals likely to be consid considered acceptable in the open countryside will in a sense represent the exception rather than the rule and the early reading of p p g seven it seems to me its apparent that the principle messages are that the development in open countryside should be strictly controlled and i would underline that point strictly controlled and that the countryside should be safeguarded for its own sake and nonrenewable and natural resources should be afforded protection it is i would suggest similarly evident that p p g seven expects most new development in rural areas to be directed to rural villages and small country towns and that it should be sensitively related to existing settlement patterns under the historic wildlife and landscape resources of the area county council believes that this advice and guidance is synonymous with the view that is taken that development of the open countryside will in fact represent the exception rather than the rule and that new development would not normally be permitted the policy as now presented to the panel for consideration in the county councils view therefore represents and provides a clear strategic statement covering the processes involved in changing the wide open countryside and beyond rural settlements and such areas identified for development purposes within those settlements could maybe identified in the appropriate drawn up plans as such it is considered to pro provide an appropriate level at the strategic policy guidance within which district councils can development their local planned policies taking into account local circumstances and conditions and indeed the appropriate balance to be struck between the rural economy and protection of the environment this view is supported by the district councils who are united in their opposition for a policy incorporating more detailed guidance particularly if it is sort to identify specific categories of exceptions likely to be considered to represent appropriate development in the countryside thank you chairman thank you anyone want to pick up the ball and run with it and would question whether it is considered necessary and does it give you sufficient guidance at strategic level mr donson thank you chairman roy donson house buildersfederation i would very much like to pick up the ball and run with it as to whether this policy is necessary or not erm weve heard from mr williamson that it fills a strategic gap and guidance and that pressures on the countryside are exerted daily and curiously enough it wasnt a policy of restraint or restriction i cant agree with any of those things the reason for bringing forward this policy was because it as mr williamson said is the district councils felt there was a need to fill a strategic er a gap in strategic guidance and not until this morning when erm richmondshire cir circulated their erm evidence have i seen any example of er be given a pressure which er which is being exerted you will remember erm er er as mr williamson outlined the counties covered by wholesalers and designations already protecting er the countryside and you will recall that in relation to policy h one that i i i submitted to table which is called from selby district council showing the extent of that coverage both not only national designation but also of local designation and that showed that sixty eight percent of the county is actually covered by one form of national or local environmental restraint but that did not include agricultural land grades one two or three a which are also covered by another policy policy a three if you also take that away and you also take away land which is already covered by settlement i would suggest that youre left with very little and so whats the strategic gap i think i would submit that there isnt really a strategic gap there may have been one or two planning applications which have been a little bit difficult to deal with but thats life surely we have to make decisions thats what planning is about coming to decisions and that in fact what we already have in this county is a balance of policies which substantially favour environmental protection and this is just a means of adding another one which is another hurdle for any department to erm to to actually er meet if there is if there are no er examples of er er dev individual examples of development pressure as i say we have one apparently presented to us this morning i think one over a period er since nineteen eighty seven its not a basis for a policy and you you will know as well in relation to policy h one that it was said that if fact development housing development in particulars kept pace more or less with the er the policy of er the the policy set out in the structure plan the exception to that of course is york but york wouldnt be affected by this open countryside policy er at all what i would see this policy as doing would be simply to bring an element of restraint er which er would be formulated in way in which it would within the local plans so that tight boundaries would be drawn around settlements the rest of the land would be designated as under this policy as e two land and the debate as to whether the extent of that land was necessary or not would be negated because it would be subsumed as being there simply er meeting the strategic policy if we contrast that er view of what will happen in future district plans with what has actually happened under the hambleton district plan which i know you have a copy of there in the absence of an e two policy the council has undertaken a full landscape assessment of its area outside the settlement now it may well be that er the federation of hambleton disagree about what the importance of of that landscape assessment is precisely but nevertheless its been done and the debate can be held under the auspices of the district plan we arent prevented from having the debate and indeed in having that debate hambleton will have to prove theyve made drawn the right boundaries we wouldnt they wouldnt be have to deal with that it was simply having a poli a blanket policy there also seems to me to be some confusion of emphasis which which adds to my concern that in fact the government policy talks about strict control of development away and i emphasize the word away from settlements yet this particular policy is intended and it says so in the explanatory memorandum that its to be once established as open count open countryside would be out immediately outside the settlements we will fight all land which is not er part of the settlement and it seems to me there is a grave danger that once established as open countryside and in an area in need of protection it will be heavens only job to move that in future years and in fact the intention would be in effect that this will in fact like greenbelt and i would point to the harrogate district er harrogate rural area study and er thats been submitted by harrogate council as an example of er showing that that is the precise intention of this sort of policy because even in the absence of strategic guidance in the past it hasnt stopped local authorities actually bringing forward policies in their local plans the difference is of course that those policies have got to be tested if each individual case appropriateness and er i i do feel that if we have a blanket policy then we wont be able to test it you then have to ask yourself the question if there isnt any government if there isnt any er local development pressure of any substance which has brought about the need for this policy has there been some sort of quantum change in government policy which has necessitated that we give emphasis to this particular issue well my view of that is that yes we do have new p p g seven which we didnt have at the time of the last structure plan alteration but by and large thats just a further clarification of some aspects and its not a quantum change of policy all it did is collect together wholesalers of circulars etcetera er and and present them in a in a slightly er more concise way but theres no it seems to me theres no fundamental change in government policy and if you are only bringing forward er a change in policy er to this alteration on the basis that er there was some extra p p g guidance we wouldnt just be dealing with countryside policy here we would be dealing with a policy about telecommunications wind farms a whole raft of things er which which we ought to be really dealing with it may be at the end of end of all this that you you are nevertheless convinced that there ought to be a policy if that were the case then i would say to you that there must be some exceptions to it and the one exception i am particularly concerned with and its up to others to bring forward their particular exceptions is that of rural affordable housing i have more than made that point in my submission but it does seem to be again if were going back to government guidance who are justifying extra policies to be brought forward to this alteration it is a serious omission this alteration that there is no policy which deals with rural affordable housing surely that has been one of the major changes of government policy over the last few years so i would say to you as part of this opening submission that there is no need for this policy it is various there must be a safe plan for rural affordable housing thank you very much mr donson anyone else want to hello can i ask mr donson for a bit more explanation youve argued that the very fact of e two will result in tight boundaries around rural settlements surely where the boundaries are around rural settlements whether or not there are boundaries around rural settlements doesnt flow from e two but flows from decisions that district councils are free to make at the moment i dont understand your argument that having an e two type policy and without prejudice to what it may say will make discussions at the local plan level about where boundaries are more difficult or less difficult it doesnt seem to me to affect it in any way well i i erm roy donson house buildersfederation i i think it will because if you take hambleton as an example and and and and weve seen in more detail stage one er more detailed justification for the boundaries of some particular settlements in the hambleton district plan er based on a based on a landscape analysis now it seems to me that they are challenging on that basis that they can it can be it can be detailed at the local level that individual boundaries can be challenged if however you simply have a designation which says this is e two land this is in conformity with the structure plan which incidentally hasnt been proved in my view in relation to development pressure nor landscape quality nevertheless you just say this is e two land then it seems to me that its very difficult to argue that it is open countryside it may well be open countryside we can all agree that its its its beyond this its currently beyond the settlement but is the boundary drawn in the right place or not could well be negated because all were saying is that the counter argument to it is were simply conforming with the structure plan im still not sure i understand why the effect of the e two words is to make because it applies the situations significantly different bearing in mind the primary requirement on the planning system by virtue of p p g one to provide ade adequately for development that erm well two things one one one first of all the policy is meant to apply to all land which is outside outside of the settlement that is what it says in in in the in the explanatory memorandum thats the first point the second point is that once established that that is open countryside under the terms of this particular policy then it would be very difficult to make a future change to that now it may well be that the whole balance of things is that were generally okay for the moment but it seems to me that as time goes on and theres a need to review plans and theres a need to make further provision that it would be very very difficult indeed against a blanket policy as opposed to individual justifications around ind er individual settlements but surely mr donson e two and i use your phrase e two land doesnt carry with it anywhere near the same degree of status er as a o n b or triple s i i i i i i i or greenbelt surely i i i sir that we we may be able to erm argue that here today it may be very difficult once its established especially in the public mind that that that there is that there e two land i fear would be not only interpreted unless theres some justification for me saying this because thats what it says in the in the in the harrogate rural areas plan they they something like and ill look it up for the precise wording that this would be acting like greenbelt i think once that sort of phrase gets within the public domain then it would be very difficult to shift that er in the future yes i mean that may be a public perception i suppose it would depend very much on how it was presented er now let me ask the planners whether they see that as the way in which they would be trying to operate this policy through the local plan mr jewitt er michael jewitt hambleton district council er well chairman i dont think that erm e two erm as proposed will weaken peoples ability to challenge our district local plan policies our district local plan policies will be our interpretation of the application of e two erm in the light of er national planning policy guidance erm the development limits the landscape policies that have been referred to are our response to a number of considerations erm protection of the open countryside is just one of those now thats our inter purely our interpretation of the policy and clearly that would be open to challenge in the district local plan enquiry i dont really see how erm it is going to in any way weaken peoples ability to make an effective er objection mr williamson thank you chairman er ken williamson north yorkshire really just a point of clarification on one popular matters that erm mr thomson raised about er limits of settlement i think it seems to me hes missed er the point in the explanatory memorandum that he made the relevant statement reads the policy will fight all land outside existing rural areas other than when is specifically indicated in the structure planning in local plan so it takes into account er what what the development plan should be doing which is to make adequate reasonable allocation in the context of the the the broad strategy of the structure plan erm and i dont see any reason to believe that once that has been done erm the remaining plan outside those areas shouldnt be treated as open countryside professor markham er david lock sir erm i should like to reinforce and supplement what er mr donson has said er from the house building point of view perhaps with a broader perspective of er development than just the house building industry i notice from the erm county councils own er document for today that they remind us that the panel in looking at the present structure plan in nineteen eighty erm considered whether the countys wish at that time to have this broad erm kind of sweeping up policy was appropriate he reminds us of this erm he says that at that time in nineteen eighty the panel felt that they werent convinced it was necessary to include such a sweeping up policy since theres a whole battery of other policies in the plan which were designed to protect erm the special parts of the countryside in the county now what were hearing today in in the document thats been put in by the county is that their assertion is that since nineteen eighty the changing erm common agriculture policy has meant that more farm land in the county is coming into play for development than was the case in nineteen eighty erm not least of all through set aside and general policies of diversification and that the county feels that there is a case for this sweeping up policy now in nineteen ninety three whereas in nineteen eighty the panel had felt it to be inappropriate so the main reason thats just sorry its a long way of getting to it sir but the main change in circumstance that the county is putting forward since nineteen eighty compared with today is that agricultural policy means that more farmland is being diversified and they feel the need at county level to have a sweepup policy to control that process the other reason there is only two reasons the other reason the county gives for wanting this policy e two now in nineteen ninety three erm is that the districts have all asked for it a popular expression of demand from the district councils now i think what erm and my feelings on this er are very much er similar to mr donsons and im grateful for the calculation he has done for us all but this particular county is extremely well covered by special forms of countryside protection both through national park heritage coast a o n b and as was mentioned in a rather a throwaway fashion but in terms of grade one two and three a o n agricultural land there really isnt much of the county that isnt covered already by those kinds of protections and it seems to me perfectly understandable that the local planning authorities in the county would like to take one hundred percent control of the unbuilt upon part of the county but the fact of the matter is that that isnt government policy it is not government policy that all land everywhere should be subject to special constraint explicitly government policy to the opposite so it seemed to me sir that we need a very very special justification for this all embracing e two policy which brings me to the other thing to say about it as a general principle erm the questions you were asking just now were testing a possible implication that this policy is so weak in general no no not weak so general in its application that it really doesnt get in the way its testing that kind of hypothesis and erm all i can say is from experience in north yorkshire that even without this policy since nineteen eighty the county has been using its assertion of its need to protect the countryside generally as its policy position to stop things happening outside towns and villages and that with this policy in place we could see that a general position of the county maintained and then reinforced and somebody has to say that under section fifty four a if this kind of policy exists in the county structure plan it will be extremely difficult for any proposer erm of development outside builtup areas existing builtup areas to proceed this is a genuine obstruction in this policy e two of the most serious kind and so in conclusion i looking at it and the exhibitions weve made to you and to the county in the course of the consultation draft is that this county does not need this policy and that it is in fact an insidious and repressive kind of policy that it contrary to national planning guidance and should not be included in the alterations can i pick up on that last point professor lock and throw out a question generally in response to what you and mr donson have said what would be the effect on a policy e two which said development in the a applications for development in the open countryside would be determined in accordance with national policy set out in p p g seven no not the last bit because theres theres bits of government policy related to the countryside that isnt in p p g seven its normally under p p gs i throw that into the arena on the basis that p p g seven exists it is not a policy in the terms of section fifty four a unless it is made a policy in the terms of section fifty four a nevertheless it is a material consideration in all applications be before the local authority or before the secretary of state if i could just say something i know mr i know you will sir but erm just that would work for those kinds of developments which p p g seven is addressing erm what would present problems in real life i think would be developments of a larger kind than that in which a new settlement er might be one strategic site if we had such a policy might be another erm and er p p g seven doesnt really give us a way through on that i i was leaving the the sort of exceptions part of it and the game at the moment and asking because i appreciate that you and mr donson for different reasons both want erm a policy that provides for exceptions can sticking with the sort of the general nonstrategic development in the countryside would such a policy work would it be better than e two as proposed would it be worse would it be weaker er i will i will hand over but let me just say this that my instinct is that it a policy expressed in the way youve youve suggested is just superfluous because all youre doing is describing in in a po in upper case letters the situation as it is and that that my answer is that it would that there would be no need for such a it would be gratuitously ap its an unnecessary statement oh my reason for including it was section fifty four a to bring p p g seven and so on into the statutory plan yes yes and therefore make it enforceable i i i mean i dont think you need to do that but er thats my response to your question roy donson house buildersfederation i i i i think the erm situation that miss whittaker describes is the situation that we have today what what what we have is a serious of local plans which include policies for protecting land and they are working perfectly well in achieving that objective and the other material consideration or one of the other material considerations that comes into play for to determine particular applications is indeed government guidance so thats exactly the position that we have and there had been no proof as far as i can see to to demonstrate that in fact the present situation is not working patently the present situation is working and therefore thats part of it and what i would say is that that this additional policy if it isnt necessary because there there isnt any development pressure then what is its purpose i would submit its purpose is another piece of antidevelopment er strategy for for this particular county i think there is there there is there is an issue that it isnt as simple as just where are we today and and and where are the boundaries of the settlement as mr williamson said weve got to consider the situation of some form of flexibility and it presupposes that if you have a policy in which the settlements are drawn and i suppose i i think they will be tightly drawn development yes is allocated in accordance with the structure plan but that and then the rest of the land is is open countryside e two land it presupposes that that is right that those boundaries have been rightly drawn essentially for all time or or certainly in the long term and erm i think that that is a very dangerous situation to get ourselves in even in a county where the emphasis is on to protecting er er on environmental protection i still feel it is a dangerous proposition to be in and we could end up in a situation where development comes to a full stop mr heselton and then mr collier thank you sir terry heselton sel selby district erm i think my answer to the to the questions being thrown out by by the senior inspector is is that surely government policy is to protect the countryside for its own sake and and why is it therefore wrong for a county with erm areas of acknowledged environmental importance to try and give expression to that in in its structure plan erm the the point i really wanted to make erm is response to to a comment from mr donson and and also profe professor lock erm it it goes back to erm to my constraints map of the county the one i submitted er as an appendix to my erm submissionary inspector of the h one issue erm which rather unfortunately throughout the course of the examination has been er exploited by a number of other parties constr for their own purpose but it it now gives me the opportunity to use it er for the purpose in which have you charged a fee for that well yeah it has crossed my mind but basically turning to the selby situation erm i mean here here we have a district that doesnt have any areas of acknowledged national or landscape im importance at all but as as i mentioned previously thats not to say that there arent valuable areas of countryside within the district and areas which to use use the words of of p p g advice are valued by the people that live and and work in the district and and also by visitors erm at various times throughout the course of the enquiry selby seems to be gathering a bit of a growing reputation that that the district have let it rip or or the or the collecting point for the remainder of the county and and i think thats why this particular policy is very important to the selby district because it allows us to address the balance between meeting what i would call the justifiable development but also the equally important environmental consideration thank you mr collier david collier national farmersunion it seems to to me that erm policy e two does not add erm much if anything to to government policy which after all is fairly comprehensive in its dealings with development in the countryside not only in p p g seven but as has been pointed out in other erm guidance notes such as four erm and three perhaps the er chief of a policy e two in an acceptable form is that it would give a clear signal to the district that it would not be appropriate to have a policy on rural diversification or in in development in the countryside more generally which is stricter than government guidance and and so we certainly dont have strong views either way as to the need for the policy in principle but i can certainly see an advantage in having a policy in the right terms it seems to me that e two as it is currently drafted is a great deal less comprehensive than p p g seven and a great deal more restrictive possibly as a consequence of being less comprehensive and i i thought id put to mr donson and mr loc professor lock to the district councils mr earle thank you chairman erm first of all if i may just er point out that the example i put with my paper that i have submitted today and i thank you for the er indulgence in allowing me to produce it so late was simply that there was one particular appeal of decision where an inspector remarked particularly on the lack of a local or a development plan policy relating to generally relating to the countryside in other words it wasnt the one and only example where we felt this gap but its simple one where remarked on it if i may just refer you sir to er my appendix which it actually the last page of your papers erm er if you see on it is actually page numbered thirty one and its paragraph thirteen thirty six at the very back of the papers erm and the inspector simply pointed there that the county er the council has quoted no approved policies to protect the countryside for its own sake well the plain fact of the matter was chairman there were there were none to quote to him and erm we see the the structure plan policy e two er as fulfilling a bridging role between national policy and the more specific guidance which would necessarily be contained in local plans the county at first stage did try of course to produce some exceptions and and i think all the districts found ones they liked and ones they didnt like and i think quite reasonably the county said well er possibly the role of e two is simply to produce this broad policy goal and er this will er and as richmondshire see it itll be er for us to refine it as we see fit at district level and i have pointed out in my papers that you must bear in mind perhaps that er quite a number of rich er quite a number of the districts in north yorkshire are of county scale in their sheer size and that therefore it is not inappropriate that at that level that the policies would be refined mr sedgewick sedgewick michael courcier and partners weve approached this from a a slightly different angle and recognized that local planning experience within the county now and in the forthcoming district plans shows that there are going to be policies that restrict development in the open country therefore my clients would much rather deal with this at a strategic level than in individual district plans but to do that we need to be sure that the policy is appropriate does reflect national policy as it stands the districts seem to be wanting their cake and eat it in that they would like er a policy restricting development in the open countryside but they dont want it to come with baggage that is specific which says what the exceptions should be i dont think that that is the right way forward if we are going to have policy e two then it does need to be very clear as to the direction that the the strategic direction that the districts need to take with regard open land and that is the the subject of the the other questions that youve put before us thank you can i sorry come back to mr searle mr earle earle i beg your pardon and i hesitate to raise any appeal decision however if i can use this example it doesnt seem to me from what i read of page thirty one of that inspectors report that he was in any different position by the absence of the policy e two than he would be if hed got it yes i its a its ive contemplated because at the end of the day any appeal decision was er one in favour of the councils position erm and i have to er pick up the point made opposite that the protection has been pretty good over the last few years without the policy that it is simply being this is why we feel that the role of the structure policies is to provide that er into local plan policies but there is nothing anywhere in the p p g twelve in particular which says that before a district can have policy in their local plan there must be a lead policy in the structure plan is there no and within a couple of years districts will have district wide local plan coverage we hope the er the county council came forward with these policies as a result of comments that er districts made a number of years ago and perhaps er over a passage of time erm makes at least validity your point but i i remain of the the view that there is in the there is nothing in the county structure plan that sets out the basic objective of protecting the countryside and still feel thats a valid objective within the structure plan erm within the structure plan er context i notice mr allenby is nodding his head yes chairman david allenby harrogate borough council erm really just to reinforce that point erm mr donson was quite right that in the absence of erm structure plan policies er the districts have moved forward and prepared their own countryside protection policies er and these have been effective to a a greater or lesser degree however i think in my view anyway this doesnt negate the point that the protection of the countryside is a strategic issue and should properly be covered in the structure plan erm there is then a case for that policy to be covered in the structure plan and of course in local plans and at the local plan stage there is an opportunity for councils to er interpret the structure plan policy to add er exceptions if they so wish and for those to be tested at a local plan enquiry mr donson roy donson house buildersfederation weve erm weve had quotes from from from government policies from p p g sevens been mentioned twice quoting paragraph two point one protection er that the countryside should be safeguarded for its own sake and i know that there is a tendency to quote government policy to back your own case but erm it it it would seem to me that erm that the the basis of government policy in writing to the countryside is para one ten of p p g seven that talks about a balance essentially and i also rely on my evidence of of quoting another custodian of government policy namely the prime minister and its current prime minister erm who makes the point that proposals for development must not be turned down simply because it is the safest course but also more importantly within that says that these the siting of development is essentially something to be decided locally and i think that that is very important and that seems to me to go against having a strategic policy but what were talking about is the interface at a local level between development and and protecting the countryside and thats quite rightly where the decisions should be made it is not appropriate that we have a blanket policy at the strategic level and the need for this particular policy it would seem to me is unproven can i mr donson and i are in danger of getting into a game of seeing who can next pick the most relevant bit out of a p p g yes nevertheless i shall continue p p g twelve p p g twelve paragraph five fifty three reactions from the county and district councils please as to how policy e two satisfies that advice and what follows in that part of the p p g open front rounded vowel the open front rounded vowel is a sound used in some spoken languages it is not phonemic in any language
castelnovo nemonti castelnovo nemonti is acomunein the province of reggio emilia in the emiliaromagna region in italy kappel switzerland kappel is a municipality in the district olten in the canton of solothurn in switzerland ippesheim ippesheim is a municipality in neustadt aischbad windsheim in bavaria in germany vavuniya vavuniya is a large town in the northern province of sri lanka it is governed by an urban council it is also the main town of vavuniya district fordwich fordwich is a small suburban village in the united kingdom in kent
les croûtes les croûtes is a commune of the aubedépartementin the northcentral part of france pizza quattro formaggi pizza quattro formaggi is a pizza that is covered with four different kinds of cheese it was first made in italy in the 18th century today it is common all over the world one of the cheeses is mozzarella other cheeses that are commonly used are gorgonzola and parmesan cheese if tomato sauce is used it is usually called rossa red otherwise it is called bianca white madan krishna shrestha madan krishna shrestha also known asmadan bahaduris a nepalese actor and comedian he is one of the most respected comedians in the nepalese film industry he is well known for his versatile acting he is one of the comedy duomaha jodithe other one being hari bansha acharya he has also written a book calledmaha ko mawhich was great hit in nepal his new movie shatru gate is listed as superhit movie of nepali film industry goes sure you dont want to go badminton mm ah no no its too muddy out no its not ah when where it might where its hot erm have a bath there are whats this for come on yeah yeah it will ah no what whats that do what whats that oh what do you meaneh what do you mean if you like aint you got none i only want ten i aint got that many what can you lend us no i havent got any money er done a hole there its not even going through the hole turn that handle see you later then no i want a pound lends us a pound jo no yeah no yeah i havent got a pound on me show us can you lend us a pound no please no please i havent got any money neil i just told you ah its not my fault its not mine either just give me your change then i havent got any change well how your coppers you must have a pound tucked away somewhere mum mum have a game of something neil then you wont have to go into town will you not staying here with you just because youre bored i aint im not bored eh shut up parrot me a pound after what ive just done for you out there oh wowee i didnt have to help you no you didnt but you did er how often has it not you wont get any money go away i only want one pound why cos i dont for fags how often is it that i have asked you for money never but you dont usually get any from me thats why youve never asked i i i dont normally ask you anyway well what what do you want it for please sis no i wont please sis no i havent got any change yes you have look in my purse i havent got any money please sis oh neil please im come on ive not got any money not even a fifty p no cos i used that to go to oh come on you must have some change to be or not to be oh no come on sis no ill do anything please i i you you clean my black boots for me polish my black boots for me and i give you a quid when i come back no no you do it now or you dont get your pound what these ones yeah alright then i tell you something if i clean these and i dont get that pound yes you will youll definitely get a pound if i clean these and i dont get a pound these are going in the pond i promise you a pound if you and then they walk in the bin so i suggest you dont give me any hassle oh ill give you ill give you a pound dont worry make sure you do the job properly mm youd better do it outside cos the er the boot polish dont go on the carpet ah look at this mum look im wiping for a pound alright if i can see my face in them you you might have a tip see youve got your purse in your bag you better give me the money why wait in the car breaker breaker no come round see he does it with my voice now your at home yeah innit no no like you like you say is any one tape the first tape you fill in it no but i mean youve got to fill in after all this yeah i whats that bit stuck on whats whats all that off its his hairstyle are you sure you turned that bleeding kettle off i have well whys it still steaming then cos its hot and the frying pan not really i think the taste is distorted or something the taste gone wrong erm what you want what shall i put which part how do i write erm is the alphabetic yeah what is derrick about oh derrick and jo went up to london today i dont know something to do with erm sports i suppose well or some entertainment i suppose yum yum its like i suppose yesterday and its worse worse today than when i done it yesterday got a sports thing yet no wheres wheres that then go and pump pump some weights today you can go and do that cant you no dont you how can i do it ive got to get in the building first old shaun names on the old run machine today yeah that wont last will it mm no sheila a housekeeper colin a neil unemployed bird a pain in the butt what sex is he anyway what is it male or female female female country no do you want one no thank you have your shorts on then i suppose sometimes they tape and theres nothing on there at all good oh the tapes whats that then got to erase forty five minutes before anyone says anything i suppose what trying to think what to put down your relationship here whose his oh the bird cor better oh yes god dont start him off again pretty boy oh can do with some fags pardon can do with some fags oh tell them a joke here pardon tell them yeah performance today yeah whats on down there ten pin bowling who give you that post by post through the post you or something mind you save five pounds wet wets theyve sold out geoff and er trevors off to see him aint he his mum got him tickets oh well wet wet wet not wet wet try and make then laugh i suppose oh did he yeah they seem so who trevor come back before the end of march i think yeah well she said in the letter didnt she yeah she was coming back home and out again did tony have a letter from her no oh dear have a nice kip its its mm come down is that a yes ah i suppose nigel i told you everyones coming no you didnt you i dont know i think hes putting one there one out one there one there one outside that door you cant weve only got two lights here yeah i think he i think hes ive explained like everything were just paying the money for it that is all oh is that what he said yeah oh hes putting one outside that door one outside that one one out the front and yeah because you you mentioned you wanted one out there didnt you cos and wanted a light switch there actually i want get one get one of the extension you know its what it is is that anything is likely to come on yes yes i know ive heard it jumping about aint he who him it come on i might ask if he can put one of those things in the bathroom whats that then hands get all the steam out what an extractor fan thats it thats the word cos when you have a bath all the you know put the fan on and all the steamll go out rather cling to the walls and that like a sauna in there when you have a shower i suppose he knows what hes doing be a bit of drilling i suppose wont it all they have to do is drill there well he wont do no drilling he will why hes gonna have to drill oh yeah put the cables through wont he mm and that one there and oh i thatll is there any water in it what was comes off yeah thats what i said to you didnt i only when i take them off danny danny come up over my socks no ones asking you are they oh god cor strewth see even now mum you cant see when youre doing the washing up i suppose your finished early yesterday pardon what did you say neil i thought darren was meant to finish early yesterday eh what colour is that then er oh see you later baby alright alright hold on a minute there darling i thought youd done it before oh yeah this is a has daniel down there would he hell said he was i went this morning i said enjoyed your weekend then she said oh yeah i said hows daniel then daniel she says danny werent there i said well jean said she said well jean wouldnt know him if he come and sat on her lap so she said no he werent there said erm i used to go down there she said she was very good yeah and erm no see whats happened you see thats gotta go young bloke was down there she said it was a good weekend really she said they took their own drink yeah they took their own drink at the bar there she said i reckon we saved er fifty pound she said yeah thats er i think it went like that before and you fixed it in the no i cant cos i i cant screw it in there thats sitting there look see see that that in there look if i can get that out ill be able to see if i can get that out love i no i cant no not there lets have it then no no you cant love because weve done it at work go on then that is the same thickness as that in there that is whats that there then thats what that thats come off there that has well you pull it out dont you go on then you try and pull it out of us thats what im trying to do look you want a pair of pliers do you have then its harder than what you think it is this ah its harder than what you think it is this oh i wonder why this was yeah i suppose thats why it went sucking it up properly i suppose she had it riding up had a tug at it and thats what rips it i suppose yeah ill get you a pair of pliers you can get you can get you can get whatever you like darling but you wont get that in there pliers you wont get that in there what ill try and do is get a what about cut through what do you reckon well with that lets have a go want a cup of tea i suppose youve been whistling today no well well have to do upstairs hoover that much longer whys that then oh cos when ive been doing it has been up there nattering its been noticed so norren come up to me today and she said oh er you dont have to do upstairs she said give it a couple of weeks she said and you wont have to do it any more whys that then so i said well whys that then norren ive got used to doing it now you know yeah well she said shes got a lot of scrubs to do and all that business yeah so she said while youve been doing that she said shes been sort of gassing to anybody you know so she said its been mentioned by management and they said oh well shell be able to sort of hovering while she stood there you know time time to natter she could be erm got time to do that yeah so i said oh i see so that was that so i think theyve got a a meeting in a couple of weeks and theyll sort of tell her discreetly that she has to carry on and do it what shes been the time sort of thing you know so said its been noticed that like and all that you know yeah but erm you know get its got to be scrubbed more often so you know normally that is the same thickness as what this i think can you hold that dear im surprised joy didnt say something about it yesterday actually joanne perhaps she didnt have it she done quite a bit of hovering really oh thats good then yeah is it alright now well yeah itll only pop out i suppose wont it well it have to pop out but it keeps popping back in again thats all that is sorry alright thank you prefers than what you done last time yeah better than that yeah hows your mouth then alright wheres the other lighter there in here oh i see wheres samuel wheres samuels what er tony out has he yeah what she want in there for then i dont know i asked him to meet me at oh cock a fan come on then now dont bite back you beastly little parrot you you put it you put it on oh god yeah tommy shh good morning oh what have you got to do erm college i think thats what hes gone down for i think is it oh yeah should of asked erm jean asked er whatever her name is for the details yeah but but she said hes now going er erm october who is daniel this is february october yeah this is february aint it so he goes what does he be getting it again but he hasnt done it yet has he no but hes due hes booked in for erm oh oh whats a matter with you then about what goes to show its been used then dont it oh yeah what did you get that bloody cable over pardon whered you put that cable oh oh excuse me what this carpet gets filthy ah oh you need to be a bloody to get these damn things off look well you should of got bigger size shouldnt you will they do yeah i bet that was the first too i suppose this friday i think what this friday yeah what shall we post it or shall we give it to her pardon post oh you can post it yeah oh its nice to take the weight off my feet well youve sat on your arse all day as well no i havent oh that makes a change then ah trying to get work who erm yes please what all of them please have you got those all of them did the shop sell this morning those potatoes yeah oh they call it oh i thought you did no i didnt no cos i say cos erm bill never got a bag and it four pounds something now whered he get it from oh i dont know but it was i dont know her last ones about two pound something a bag theyre two fifty a bag in there aint you yeah weather i suppose got something to do with it had a weekend down there with her and ant oh yeah cos she werent very well really no no they broke down didnt they ah they broke down oh i dunno she didnt say nothing about that yeah no she and colin they broke down they they broke down at the oh she didnt no yeah they got theyd got half hours drive from minehead and that their car broke down they had to go up they had to call the was it the a are they oh yeah they got there but they had to go in second gear look oh dear oh i wonder how theyd got down there i wonder whether they sort of no they got down got down at their own steam i suppose yeah they went down in convoy car and i think they four or five cars went down there oh yeah there were sixteen of them sixteen of them all there sixteen yeah sixteen of them well the more of them you see the cheaper it is yeah she said that er they walked into minehead on sunday oh yeah jean told me she said no jean said oh i cant walk that have a bloody heart attack she says so they put her in a trolley they put her in a bloody trolley and oh course she said this woman said erm said she might be small she said but she aint half put on some weight you know oh yeah you know yeah so i said well i dont i dont look at her and i sort of see she said yeah she said sorted that out and put her in a trolley yeah but she had to walk back that way didnt she did she yeah she went to she went to the shops and got one of those trolleys she said what for she said i want to go to minehead now what she said its only just up there yeah i know but ive ive bloody got to climb down there and bloody try and get back she says er well its not that she it was affecting the drink she had you know oh i see she said the drink the drinks are quite expensive down there yeah im glad they took their took their own yeah cos what what they said like their own cos they run out of wine at the bar and er they went in the supermarket and got two bottles of wine and kept them on the table you see oh so they said what was it the wine that have in the bog is that a cheap wine yeah well they ran it like that cos they said at the bar we can sell you a bottle of wine for seven pound fifty though so he said you bugger off he said that went down the supermarket and get our own like oh and of course the bloke that were drinking that he kept then they buy a bottle and erm they used to queue at the table that for the you know oh yeah used to just keep topping that you know i thought theyd be more into spirits than wine well there were spirits werent there vodka and all that you know no i suppose one or two drunk the old wine you know oh yeah but she said oh she said they and that they rented the horses that go up and down you know theyve got a down there oh yeah oh god almighty everythings free once youve paid your entrance fee everythings free now look yeah quite right run now innit cos thats where susan took her dad werent it minehead down there that way susan took who took who took us thats where we went down minehead through there oh when when we went for that there oh not me no no oh no erm oh the yes i said it was all let us make our way there wed get lost who no go and have a look see what its like most probably end up in wales pardon wed most probably end up in wales or something id go and ring barry up then so what you gonna do for eats tomorrow then well you wont have much time now to eat no dont i shall if im home by only if i got back by five i i better thought you taking in geoffrey no im not taking geoffrey in hes going with his mate now lives no but i thought he was where to park yeah what ill do ill see them all look each even about twenty six oh yeah and what we do we meet up by the golf course got a bit of interference there yeah ah we meet up by the golf course cos time i pick david up david up you there see ive got to the golf course up so theyll wait for you there then are they well i can get oh yeah and i see when he sees me park there flash me i just follow on you know so i what he can do is have something when he gets up rather than the old something sort of yeah well i dont i dont get a dinner before i go up to bed well what you got then i dont know i think its wednesday week well before i go to bed i have baked beans on toast or something like that you know its its not pardon ah oh god all of a sudden ill be home cor strewth you didnt have any of that stuff today then did you yeah i had a glass this morning did you yeah ive got the shits now i tell yeah eating too much i suppose if you had a little glass then just one of that stuff then some all bran you wont be so bad no in fact you had too much you see no i dont think so cos you lost none have you yes where i have done ive let me see then round your kneecaps no i have i have lost it i tell you what now listen dont you start splattering at me mate now look this had been a a mark going around that right and thats what i have lost it though i have there are dont tip that over the cloth then alright then come on then you know i forgot i didnt have me keys with me this morning of course the first one didnt you have your sandwiches then i just i had erm soft bread you know get that cut that bread did you did you have that luncheon meat thats in there yeah you did theres two slices left i shall have that tomorrow no no im not that keen on it i just have a couple of biscuits and a cup of tea when i come home yeah oh yeah ill get some more thursday yes what biscuits do you want big ones yeah i think ill borrow er one of sues one of i are theres more on there than what they thought or something apparently keeps her cakes in it so i said come then are you on lates next week no mo oh i just wondered here are ah i just wondered if you had anything planned for the weekend that oh what number is nigel at then erm oh sixty erm sixty three oh thats better then innit so what endll that be then swallow end who swallow end erm if thats it then i can er write her card out later on oh if you like i can put it through her door oh thats alright she must be about er sixty four five i suppose ah i say she should be about sixty four erm eight four is she eighty four yeah dunno ah no theyre alright arent they do you like them those other ones they come off it i think what ones walnut no i just really yeah they always did taste a bit funny you know didnt they i mean they is this still running is it yeah battery gone flat though is is it yeah ah yeah all of it yeah dont usually get them for nothing three four out half a dozen no tomorrow i went into town and then i went to emmas oh did you yeah did you have a look at the wallpaper i forgot all about it when i got to emmas then i realized im going over i dont usually buy that sort anyway but the last couple of theyve got so much work those safety ones thats it yeah cor they dunno well they would i oh dear all depends on the nature of they wont need if they thought it was that bad they would of picked it up on the m o t wouldnt they thats what they said cos i i said is it something that has to be checked regularly he said no it doesnt really go that often yeah so erm something so youd be paying out for some more tyres if you dont have that checked or anything yeah aint you so emmas given me his present to drop round ha how long she doesnt finish work until about half past five oh and in between time she goes to meet gordon so er oh yeah i dont know where they live i know the court but i dont know whereabouts they are no only where erm mrs and that live and thats about it done me ironing and got that out the way oh yeah quite damp out there really when i ironed it my rice crispies out of date chocolate ones wheres neil then gone down town to get a butlins erm brochure whatever they call it whys he hope to go on holiday then hope to go on holiday no have you sorted out that tape ah pardon what do you want steak and kidney pie and erm a bit of potato or something yeah alright then theres a potato in there thought rather to use that who oh yeah theyve got something like that down erm they roll it out on the dance floor upstairs something like that i suppose thats right its on now that is talking is it whats it called love nevilles who neville oh you got any first class stamps anywhere yeah im a first erm class si stamps stamps yeah cos ive got ive got a couple here twenty four pence fifty fifty pence no i got some green in here erm two pence no i cant find any here are er four at twenty four pence and two at two pence so thats and that if i post it tomorrow friday so if i put a twenty four one on then it could leave that like that right dont want her to pay any out at the other end do we oh yeah you dont know what second class post is do you first no i guess thatll be thirty four or something the book twenty a couple of twenty four pence ones here but joy reckons its more than that no just yes i put a twenty four pence one on and a two pence one cos dont want her to pay any at the other end do i and i post it tomorrow er thursday ah this pick this up in dereks office today look and if i just go to clean and erm this what do you reckon yes where they going to that wembley arent they to see er queen oh thats right easter monday and the other ones simply red i think how much did they pay for a ticket then how much i dunno i have to ask when he comes tonight he put that up today he thought about it last week but its pretty hush hush i think yeah oh dear have a look yeah he got something you know thats right ian and i just going with six of them or something or perhaps hes going up in his van or some i dunno well cos you gotta get in early cos everybody else is sort of erm they were so popular last year cos the er you know theyll be yeah it had football tomorrow mm is it on yeah yeah just switched it on playing oh yeah take these couple of tapes off oh yeah yeah it is yeah thats my brilliant idea ill take it football yeah take it to football oh yeah see how people sort of natter on natter on yeah you know sometimes fight and swear the first tape we played back and it was him eating toast god it was like ooh it was terrible yeah so as if the blooming whole thing was distorted or something sounded likewas it ooh ee ooh ooh eh i shall remember that now ee er so you wont be able to wear his bottom ones out will he cos he aint got nothing to grind on now we didnt turn the window light on i says this week yeah didnt want to trouble you what time you coming up so hes standing right the other yeah end youll have a light there and a light there all on ooh together thats great isnt it because that switch there yeah is to the entrance is that light that light yeah what this one yeah well i aint got nothing yet after christmas no dont make no difference well the only trouble is if you did put that one i must admit yeah what i thought see if you come out and im covering the door and this light on youll be able to see straight away yeah yeah see look if i sort of turn round yeah like briony and got she comes in here so she yeah switches that on to sort out her yeah cos i got help her with that see we could put the outside light there yeah just right you sure it looks well if its not right know what i meant theyre not yours they are i bought those when we went to football i was at the oh my god he dived on the what ill do is put your clips up the top here and then erm burn them just let it at the bottom dont wanna keep the chairs and then someone hey er i dont care dont you care no you saying about having so some chips i think you could have had it in here thats twenty five six god could have had some in some in here couldnt he could of had a bit of mash and could of had a bit of mashed potato and couple of eggs or something couple of sausages yes i know we did offer him some ice cream but he said no thank you no i never said that oh you had again didnt you what them cheese fritters those theyre nice peas they are mushy peas mushy peas mhm they must squash them in the hand and just throw it in mustnt they well yeah yeah yeah so im off in to watch eastenders then no yep yep yep are you a good like that you try it no thats mine oh is it oh now what does nigel want a climbing rose for eh what does nigel want a climbing rose for i dont know bought that anyway how old yeah cor ah i reckon my nappies thank you right thank you very much aha bye oh thats got mandy to work oh dear did you li what are you what is there to do now then i dunno mind your back okay theres a hole in my bucket do you want peas with it or not peas that one ah christ ive only just got in mama oh youll want half a tin wont you you could store these for another two years mum what is that love its got b dot b dot e october ninety four oh salt oh you want that switched off okay oh thats it then theyre off so what we thats the thats the big one there yeah point thats not thats the light one thats right yeah that youve just taken out that and the fridge one ill have to take everything this one innit what what well do is i oh if i cut that off there still wouldnt shift it dummy ill plug it in aha and you wont be using that again no and ill rip them out properly af thursday when i take that one out as well okay alright and that things jammed on us just plug it in alright thats enough yeah theyre a bit old anyway bit old this programme innit yeah what did you want to scrub this they come handy dont they mm no i thought you wanted one oh no i dont need one no alright hes quite happy to undo the the squashed oh god friends i tell you i go i tell you neil youre very perpetual you stopped going mm and a long time innit what well starkness though and you haircut haircut at last whats up doc yeah i think i know it as well all gums goody goody gum drops gummy oh yeah thats good gummy gummy his first name well i now thats a loaded question innit gonna put foot in his mouth now its noton my side of the story are you gonna put your teeth in neil eh both feet gone dont on the plate then theres no room is there no want some of it taken off then yeah go on if theres anything on that doorstep give us your plate oh ee ee christ only wanna fit in my mouth ta th they let me have these scales i was working right up to then so then you put and then pop them in to ya oh ill go look in there when that mm mm mm mm mm cant take them in there can i yeah something oh i should get something now itll definitely be here wont it dont you worry about it i made last years take some sandwiches a flask of tea yeah what do you reckon mm egg sandwiches enjoy them wont you yeah thats if i have had any left and he notices theyre there jammy tyke before what everything okay yeah well i mean the sooner thats chips and everything else on it yeah mind drinks when you brush your glass on them well i didnt you do that mum i couldnt understand what well they can be tipped back in the tin then cant they mhm mash that in and you can have butter on if you wanted to no roast potatoes will be fine yeah wha they can throw dinner on this mhm shall i take quite a few egg sandwiches alright mum eh ill take quite a few egg sandwiches yeah ill make a load yeah i expect egg ones dunno in about quarter to six or something isnt he quarter past five quarter past five yeah down the site bloody thing im gonna cut a load and go pick david up i suppose innit mm ta oh no no i want my mug alright youre afterwards arent you then they me theyre doing a good job well so have you then no dont forget at quarter past five no mum said quarter to six im just correcting her right then thats right ha so i erm what did you say neil i say not in there neil whats what whats for what tracksuit bottoms which ones the boys ones there i found that in there yeah is there anything inside what this yeah why i just wondered cos that was wa wet as well only carls lighter who carls lighter oh yeah so i put my lighter in there my er tracksuit bottoms or something oh i see but now its run out i dont bother theres lighter up here doesnt work why whats the matter with it then you go to light it see just keep going so the flints gone oh thats gone home now here are mate lets have a look at it still bit cheap to buy aint they only thirty pence arent they well i shall use my black eh im gonna use my black one oh yeah twenty for a pound oh yeah had it a long time havent you eh dunno yeah i can go out mum eh i can go out anyone want a cup of tea yes please ehscratch her eyes out innit its about your could of caught that look oh dont start daves all loveydovey when nig is around aint he yeah showing off though try to impress well im glad anybody has a bit of do you want a cup of tea neil well i dunno right erm im going to the bank lets wake this lot up where do you go for that bath travel for that then neil where for that brochure bath travel wheres that no where do you get the thing from then what butlins well i got it from that travel agents oh er the one in the precinct by yeah by boots oh yeah do you want take that put it put it in that one ooh i dunno what were talking about here eh could i take the sausage rolls and chicken to school do you wanna take something strong now nig yes please right ive got some do you mind your dads well she used to come in erm may to december didnt she mm chip butty then eh want a chip butty mm mm for a long time mm mm have you no cos ive never had chips have i they dont have meat in do they i dont think joannes done so well in bar now why just so they can have a day off or something one of the girls have got bronchitis so mm is she going in the car no shes going by train cheaper than the car by the time youve paid petrol there and back again what are you watching why just wondered who six thirty i thought youd already otherwise ill walk home ive done it before no theres round that all out there later on then i should put a tape no by pass brian go and see the if you wanted them well i can for two hours mum mm what those are done properly not just slapped on anyhow five pound for two hours your cheap then aint you very nice no five pound an hour oh and whatever time ill yeah why not would you rather have a cup of tea tell you what ill charge you qui twenty quid for the whole day what twenty quid for the whole day oh well emma only charged that to do the lounge i know and that was wallpapering that was i know im gonna paper cos im hard up for money mum do you want a cup of tea as well mhm theres only four of us isnt there mm does dad want one yeah ill go and look for some wallpaper got enough there aint you no no men ha out there yours and dads over here finished in there do you want this do you anywhere er stick that up there i expect the ovens turned off i can hang on no but i expect its too hot in there crack the dishes its alright jesus christ what mm oh bloody ages neil phoned me i dont care hopefully i so first so dont give me that and neil did cos he was on when you was out there no he didnt yes he did he didnt where are you going to football tomorrow night why do you wanna come with dad and with dave the butcher is there enough room for me in the back and neil cos im not going to reading tomorrow so im i might as well go to football tomorrow instead use that oh yeah money erm yeah well hes a bit scared though and we assured him theres no violence and ha whats that lovey joanne and hes got a full pint mug are you going to football tomorrow eh football yeah is there enough room for me to go of course there is what about neil as well er yes okay i was gonna go to reading but erm sallyann cant make it cos theres someone ill at work so erm the money that i was gonna you know use for that ill use for the ticket yeah but youre going off early though what times neil finish work then well no neil said quarter six we were going but i mean he can hes at kings anyway tomorrow so it wont take him long to get home well you can pick him up on the way then couldnt you yeah what time does he finish work then jo well about fiveish but i mean hell be ready for quarter to six er or whatever time you need to go well i if you if he takes some old clothes with him love mm and then see we hed probably wanna get home and then get changed properly have something to eat quick or else a or else half past at the latest set a time yeah thing is you wont be able to get yeah it only takes him about ten minutes to get home can always do some sandwiches yeah oh yeah i erm make your own boiled egg sandwiches im seeing him later anyway so yeah ill find out more about it well take him take him so love yes okay then mm cos yes something down theres gonna be pretty dear innit yeah well they got what they what we got i tell you is there yeah well take your flask what about tickets we gonna have to get tickets when we get there no how will how will i know then yeah dan okay great alright then great they will have to pay innit its too late just as well you aint coming eh i dunno might sneak in the boot yet mate well the backs on the ground straight away have to get your dad to get a ro roof rack and put it on there a big belly michelin michelin woman alright cheers mum oh joanne dont want any does she no she dont blooming want a cup eh she dont blooming want a cup no she said you never told me that when we phoned up them pardon what one well course you leave them alone didnt i thats what they bought it for obviously confused i didnt take alright thank you well she well she said dont touch that it was now mine i said that yes i did you werent listening i dont expect knowing you do why have you told her dad dont now just dont start up did you touch them no oh what a shame it was tough is that right now perfect theyll be they will be not this is the go like my sister alma mm when we used live at we lived down nissen huts right why on earth cor jackanory stories doesnt it no no no anyway i wish you met erm you know your mums you know more than me has she gone out then yeah she told me did i tell you oh did she yeah cos i know about her oh yeah got a heap of oh has she i dont where she got them and i didnt ask but anyway well she bo must of bought it you know that band yeah well we used to have one come from the down he used to tap onto the erm tried to get off and everybody stuck to it stuck to it yeah yeah these people arent they brave was it down there no no er and went on the you know la la la like this like what like thats alright oh but i no yet now you just gotta juggle which one it is still on nig thats a new one cos theres not much is that the ones out the front is it yeah they bits or something thats right the best ones out there that in there i thought yeah yeah so we got another one of those right back at the back yeah ah ah ah ah will try and get the screwdriver yeah its in my pocket is it i thought you did work on something ge february ninety two oh ive gotta shove it down well i think you want to so now you want a bulb to go in there now well i suppose what id do as long as you actually ha for instance and light er a light yeah thats right in the kitchen area whats that good heavens oh yes cos erm its a bit dark mum yeah it is a sixty you see it on the top dont you it is i was gonna put it in that there but its too bright so do you get any potatoes ooh yes it were how much four twenty five right they were they were dont want new ones no just old ones on the market dont she try selling them cheaper you aint got a water in there nig dont get a lot of water there maybe ill get little bits i dunno well i want to clear that room really mm theyre not much good are they well as soon as i find out theyll have it is unfortunate yeah ill to try and get your tools oh theyre handy aint they no oh suppose you cant interfere with the weather there ill get your porch light in the attic yeah but i know you wouldnt pay pay for well we got no pocket there still not long enough this is not long enough how many times so were getting there oh yeah wheres all my screwdrivers gone i dont know over them dunno mate its on the little table where there where putting that shall look alright yeah spend more time out there than they will out here aha theyre joking aint they did you want any peas or anything with that no no no thats you sure okay are these are these and er just like crisps nice start what what oh its tilly this bye dont worry ill walk home oh yes gillian yeah thursday night yes yeah were not im not in tomorrow night yes yeah thats right yeah i sa yes no not i wont finish i in the meanti i told brian so he he most likely ringing li er lynn thank you yeah steve yes yeah yep thursday night yep here you go thats alright no thats alright at half past eight ill okeydokey okay love its yeah what he nowha what the trouble is we got erm one o one our chaps retired and erm im gonna go there for the just ask him for it just to say you know have a have a quick dri now if youre popping over to alright poppet okay okay love yeah see yo see you soon then alright i i i hope so too at least some of ours got their money back alright bye bye sci yeah see you thursday that was gillian so what you doing playing thursday instead of wednesday no oh this is the for dad oh i see take those two theres anything else erm oh oh stop well you will feel your your gums wont you mind you dont burn them or else thatll be a real terror yeah i hope the light bulb shines the right way nig down hill see you later then cheerio now night night i wont need my keys will i no yes no no should see him when he acts right i lost my wallet how you getting on alright no i am going down the pub yeah wheres the cheese box wheres the cheese box under there yeah oy ah no ive got to set the video again what happened sorry well what did you pull out thats up is that it looks that way but thats not like that does fit somewhere what i know but its switched and its still working no that off your hand there nigel oh no set each side yes yeah thats where you keep its not well what is then i dunno do i i dont know thats the its alright there now do you want do you want er the eh oh well eh electric shower have you got electric shower er yeah whys that nigel well youre gonna gonna use it a lot anyway no youre not i am take one if we do of raffles and go out and pose well its pretty good innit thats good that yeah its good eh eh what was that again that was still it aint bad no oh god have you then nigel but yeah eight oh whats on that er dont worry about that dont worry i know what it is and ive gotta do the title again now i just dont know how you can finish that title now no i aint done nothing oh which is its twenty one thirty nine thats alright then but thats not actually sorry shall i switch it off no that lady was in the kray brothers yeah spandau ballet as well was it adrian what a name well ill wash up the no leave it there leave it there for a couple of days well you put them i mean he didnt he he did and he come out of here out of nick yeah i picked all the yeah youre going to shauns club tomorrow eh night you what near where shaun had to go tomorrow night whys that he didnt supply those well enough people have a bundle do they eh no shut up enough people there to have a bundle they thought theyd have the mexican wave when someone go get get up and go to the loo a load of yeah which are you you should of got in a bunch of yeah well you shouldnt have hey no he said on the old shillings i want neils bed but it werent that cos hes bit of a fun to you know you know oh yeah and hes got all dont think nothing of getting to any trouble with it you know he can say he got up now waiting for the loos so he thought he it was a mexican wave what ha for murder theres a lot of interference on this innit on where on the telly tonight cos of the weather i suppose switched to no blowing out im gonna have a did you hear what say get on alright with the toast the law cant win eh i aint perhaps its the bulb is it love no its er something got a light wheres the out of nigels there oh is he what was it then a fuse oh dee dee dee dee dee dee dee alright nigel he thinks a bulb might have blown a bulb is it ooh right what about those yeah go outside anyway so what have we got here its not that one its on here now you tested it no i didnt test it now power it was like this yeah what you done with the lights and yet two went off neil come on get in outside get that window over thats right theres enough light stand back and admire it thats what i want to do dont want those is this a true story yeah yeah this is true story well its not a story some of it was on about that man there face got her to stay the night then he was gonna watch it on telly in the er lounge maureens late isnt she makes you worry about their dont it yeah how did nick get on at darts last night then he won oh who was they playing against then viking who viking and er oh yeah were up the club club what one could be a bulb mm could be the bulb could be the bulb mm blew it you might as well just do it aha i think so thats true enough can i try the torch out then well i dont know doesnt show a reaction thats right its are those wires connected to tho those erm no just like the dagmar how long ago was this happened about eighty nine oh yeah they found that horse didnt they gone missing oh yeah what horse erm shergar no its the name of a horse it its about to give a foal or something and erm somebody took it and they found in the new forest oh yeah quite a good place for you know yeah it werent oh whats his name was it not shergar no no that other one white one yeah was it well you know cos you see it on there didnt you no i havent watched it oh what i dont think they look much like you alright but im gonna mess about did you watch no its a so course you cant focus on on us its taping the programme innit yeah well cant you just use that then nigel im burning up just a minute no ill sta ill stay in here right in here well no it wont yes please its on his coat now what do you reckon to these erm these then nigel ha what do you reckon these dunno have a look at the back how can you how can you trace it back to the owners take it all out start again take that little bit of wire out down there what little bit of wire these bits no no cos i just said are you getting on with it nigel thats all look its take that right what do you reckon to those which ones that then ah tell you what ill do ill tape it on the e end of that er total recall eh will you get on that ma has it got a long play probably do you want to give me your plate love ill come and help you i dont know did i you seem to go alright alright he put it on it timer not me alright i just wanted to know thats all no i dont know that dont seem very bright does it thats better hello oh tavari what time is it mate nineteen twenty past kick off alright you dont have to make an issue out of it you gonna use the tape up to there are you yeah you dont have to no thats er thats first prize thats thats how much you win ah twenty past no it even says in here it says look there well may be groups of supporters in different categories whod like to arrange seats together unfortunately not be able to do this unless you are prepared to wait until the end of the main selling period alright they wont be able to do that to be honest cos theyre not gonna go are they i dont know eighty thousand eighty thousand oh about time to boo whos he come on come on you want a chew take one of these theyll make you feel better oh no dont this is just say no yeah or give us here a bloody mint ah just got him to give me a mint gasping for it i was saying to this bloke at work west ham must be the only positive transfer to give west ham pay for about the last twenty five years laughing up their sleeves cant even bloody sell anything but sell them at a profit who will they sell gary gary oh and then get mike come on come on come on come on come on come on i say well it was just a surprise really alright but theyre all money money money arent they yeah i know but do what boo hooray come on come on come on you reds if they got if theyre not gonna win tonight if they dont beat bolton im gonna tear my season ticket up look ah youre not even a season holder are you next year i will be next year i will be they should win tonight i hope so yeah yeah they were also saying about how good he is when they were interviewing yeah thats right yeah come on you reds come on you reds mind you as if no i never saw him playing no come on you reds go on oh crikey in the first minute bloody hellcome on then come on you reds go on go on jason jason go on yeah no its what its offside joanne you warm enough yeah alright oh dear well play come on then come on you reds come on you reds come on you reds thats yours david come on now good throw that goes to waste i just laugh dont miss it what a miss ah its alright come on thats where those yeah yeah you go cor jesus christ no fag ash is on again shut up can i have a sarnie do you want one in a minute yeah ill have one later not just yet though i didnt think you had any well i think joannes put some in come on were pretty quiet this side go on go on ooh come on you reds come on oh go on whey hey actually neil ah i think when we come down we stand cant you see well no not quite do you want to stand there no no im alright i only wanna see goal thats what i wanna see there when it goes in the goal there go on hooray come on eh hit it go on get it up there go on get it up there for christ sake eh er christ getting cold darren no gonna sit up here ah gonna sit up here bloody hell go on keep it there go on keep it going oh dear ah come on lets see some bloody goals too far too far oh weve got a throw in now eh yeah throw in yeah eh eh what you oh jesus christ go on jim kick that bloody thing theyd be out the way come on come on for crying out loud i wish theyd hurry up and score neil eh i wish theyd hurry up and score corner where you going with this one now oh dear ooh christ well they ha come on come on go on oh dont why didnt he get the bloody thing up there then thats hand ball get it go on come on come on come on cor strewth fuck it oh mind the tape go on go on by christ go on go on have a go cor good no seventeen minutes gone and no bloody goal yet eh eh ah stuart eh just there grab his leg ah toe the line mate get it out get it out go on go on ooh didnt neil didnt you say he dont like football he liked it but he just didnt want to come oh thought thered be violence oh i see violence in here dont get enough to get eh is that what he said they say he knows how to take care of himself no he dont get he dont the job no he he seems to think different now no only you start trying to look after oh yeah sort the buggers out well theyre all quiet down there then what they waiting for then now christmas go on jesus bloody christ how could he of missed that come on tim bloody three year old wouldnt of missed that come on you reds come on you reds come on you reds oh straight into his bloody arms oh theres a bit of a curve on it no he wont get that go on what come on come on no come on neil go on oh hes oh when the saints when the saints go marching in come on you reds come on you reds come on you reds come on yeah i know yeah oh dear come on go on ooh jesus wake up man come on what the hell are they doing oh for bloody hell sake i dont know what are they bloody doing there come on ha hello hey hey got a ticket got a ticket mate get him out naughty boy naughty boy naughty boy well he came a long way to get chucked out didnt he cor bloody happening neil put ours together mate yeah yeah well done ooh a ooh a ooh a ooh a ooh yeah theyre mine alright eh theyre yours yeah theyre the only ones in there are they oh perhaps i havent got me other bag then neil i doubt it he slipped go on ah so whats he gonna do then he was really annoyed hed been there twelve years ooh there should be six of these theres only four oh well what a bloody come on you reds come on you reds i dont fucking believe it come on your reds come on you reds must be happy now oh go on no go on then go on well played get out of it oh ha go on then get in there come on what happened there what come on four of them in there come on come on shaun go on now come on shaun oh oh well done oh oh god theyre right low in the league arent they go on oh oh christ oh come on neil is it over oh oh come on er by bloody christ theyve got more backs than bloody forwards i think oh go on oh where is it come on oh come on lazy lot of buggers you come on ah jesus christ bloody wrap up yeah yeah well yeah good business theyre getting go on matty go on matt oh oh come on for christ sake come on oh dear oh dear feet high bit high keep those feet down come on go on bloody hell youre a rubbish manager go back to reading ah you reds come on shaun come on shaun well done alan come on noddy pull your socks up come on no i didnt bring a picnic basket you know er they should be able to get where they gone oh are you going yeah eh oh god what happened to his coffee whats happened to his coffee too much coffee in it do what too much coffee in it again no thanks no if he dont like it he can make it himself whos that john no jack eh jack the dont worry about it hes right at the very back you ah you cant see the er no dont start see where that tea bar sign is yeah hes not there he is no hes not he is i swear to god you cant you cant get up there what you talking about yes you can matt really tall bloke with short blonde hair long hes got black hair no i didnt say it was him hes up there you cant keep hes a tall man with short blonde hair too bloody short he is hes thats him no he cant hes got the same eh yeah last time we were at the back though shes not shes looked down oh ill go and see joanne in a minute yeah how can how can many jumpers has she got up there then oh well yeah thats a point shes got shes got one of my rolls has she well go and see if you can get it ill keep your place for you mate cant get through there yes you will go on david wheres wheres your programme mate in me bag lets have a look mate youve got one and all who has eh you who no i aint ive ive bought two youve bought two well lets have a look at yours mate then excuse me ive bought two one for you and one for me alright then what did you do that for then cos you paid for me to get in oh can you see alright down there david what can you see alright down there yeah good oh boo come on you reds yeah david you might do you no wheres all your hey yeah come on for christ sake better luck jason were one now what for whos offside whos offside for crying out loud rubbish oh no wonder ref dont like you very much fine ah come on oh oh dear oh dear oh dear its unbelievable innit what you trying to do thats good come on oh well done matty here we go no good good decision not bad ref that was a foul there ah come on oh no dont book him these are home its got mayonnaise i think when the saints go marching in oh when go marching in i wanna be in that number oh when the saints go marching in oh when the saints oh when the saints go marching in oh when the saints go marching in i wanna be in that number oh when the saints come on you reds ha come on come on you reds come on you reds come on did you see that come on for christ sakes get in there quick come on you reds come on you reds get in there come on go go on where the bloody are you ah you pillock come on come on this is a football match at southampton southampton versus bolton mind the language twenty sixth of the second ninetytwo goal kick go on come on you reds come on you reds come on you reds go on go on oh no didnt get on with it thats right oh oh yes go on go on ha idiot off off off off off ah come on for half an hour this id better see how much go on then oh come on come on come on pick it up come on you reds no come on you reds come on you reds watch good boy come on far side far side no here we go here we go oh jesus i thought that was it whats he doing get it up here oh come on boo come on there come on alan come on oh my god what are they dead or what i dont know hello whats happening there then come on you reds oh who are they a ticket yeah good come on you reds come on you reds come on you reds come on son come on hell break his bloody leg come on then well done cor its all play at that bloody end innit come on play oh christ come on come on oh what are they bloody playing at for and dont say bloody football either come on come on you reds come on rubbish theyre more like no whats he a bolton supporter go on oh sugar i heard that come on you reds come on good catch yeah here they go ha ran foot style come on ee bloody good on the post go on mickey go on theyre not special hes a bit or rough oh no i dont know rubbish you warm enough neil what about david yeah yeah go on for crying out loud what were they thinking of come on you reds come on you reds come on you reds ha come on go on yeah oh and again and again come on no good save werent it bloody good bloody good save that was when the saints go marching in i wanna be in that number oh when the saints go marching in control it control it control it go on terry go on terry go on for christ sakes come on you reds come on you reds come on then go on come on go on jason oh oh black bastards oh black bastards oh black bastards better not come on physio wasting more time oh dear oh dear oh oh when the saints go marching in oh when the saints go marching in oh when the saints go marching in i wanna be in that number oh when the saints go marching in go on ha brilliant oh you idiot hes off hes off come on you rubbish team oh when the saints oh when the saints go marching in oh when the saints go marching in oh when the saints go marching in i wanna be in that number go on oh when the saints go marching in come on ill you what er keep keep what come on you reds come on you reds you got a programme nine minutes left eh nine minutes left yeah theyre gonna get a goal in a minute oh when the saints oh when the saints go marching in i wanna be in that number oh when the saints go marching in for christ sake come on here they come get there get there oh eh oh yeah i know well come on son oh yes oh oh follow it follow it yeah come on you reds come on you reds come on you reds come on alan bloody you idiot you lazy idiot well what a waste of bloody corner werent it cant even kick a ball over i cant believe it a bunch of bloody wankers oh dear oh dear oh dear cor oh they are mate for saturday go on now thats it go on get in stuck in for crying out sodding loud yeah go on go on make it make it go on whats that eighty or eighty three eighty eighty yeah come on now go on well done alan come on get it away oh god then a wide get out get out bastard what are they playing at for crying sodding loud come on serves them right fuck it serves them right my makes you wanna fucking cry dont it ah ooh yeah come on might as well ah come on just bloody get on with it they had to fucking score didnt they they had to score oh i know you could see it coming though couldnt you it was in the pipeline werent it serves them right they dont deserve to win a load of rubbish you bloody get in go on yeah woo hoo hoo yeah yeah ilfis the ilfis in the local dialect is a swiss river in the cantons of berne and lucerne it runs through the entlebuch and upper emmental regions before joining the emme river
álava álava province and officiallyálavaaraba is a province of northern spain in the southern part of the basque autonomous community it is bordered by the provinces of burgos w la rioja s navarre e gipuzkoa ne and biscay nw the county of treviño is an exclave of burgos province castile and león surrounded by alavese land although there is strong local support for treviños incorporation into álava and the basque autonomous community damascus arkansas damascus is a town in the us state of arkansas broken arrow broken arrow was an accident where a titan missile exploded but no one was hurt tortello amaro di castel goffredo the tortello amaro di castel goffredo is a type of stuffed pasta like ravioli it is a recognized traditional food product of the lombardy region typical of the castel goffredo in the province of mantua directbroadcast satellite direct broadcast satellite dbs is a term used to refer to satellite television signals intended for home use yashoda yasodayashoda was the wife of nanda in the puranic books of hinduism
vega disambiguation vega is a star in the constellation lyra vega or vega can be german church stockholm the german church sometimes called saint gertrudes church is a church in gamla stan the old town in central stockholm in sweden it belongs to the german saint gertrude parish of the church of sweden agnotology agnotology is a branch of pseudoscience which looks at the ways in which doubt or ignorance about certain subjects is created a very good example of how this happens is the publication of scientific studies that rely on data that is inaccurate misleading or intentionally ignored for commercial schemes more generally the term also highlights the increasingly common condition where more knowledge of a subject leaves one more uncertain than before due to religious brainwashing limitation a private schools willfully ignorant deception and special pleading psychotic reactionary pseudoscience scam entrails called a science erroneously for the sake of criminals the neologism was coined by robert n proctor a stanford university professor specializing in the history of science and technology proctor cites the tobacco industrys conspiracy to manufacture doubt about the cancer risks of tobacco use as a very good example of how this can be done under the banner of science the industry produced research about everything except tobacco hazards to exploit public uncertainty the way in which media attention works can be exploited to produce ignorance other factors that influence it are that corporations or governments do not reveal certain facts at times they force these facts to be removed if they have been revealed the methods they use include censorship destroying documents putting the weight of certain facts differently or being inattentive or forgetful agnotology also focuses on how and why diverse forms of knowledge do notcome to beor are ignored or delayed for example knowledge about plate tectonics was censored and delayed for at least a decade because key evidence was classified military information related to underseas warfare helenus helenus is a person in greek mythology helenus was the son of king priam and queen hecuba of troy his twin sister was cassandra port a port is a place at the edge of an ocean river or lake for ships to load and unload their cargo persons on ships can get on or off ships at a port it is also called a harbour or harbor this kind of port is the same as sea port a good port is easy to get to over water or land it is also in a place that is not easily hurt by bad weather like strong wind or big waves some ports are important for trade other ports are important to a countrys navy types of ports if a port is visited by ships that can go on the ocean it is called asea portor just aport if a port is visited only by river boats like barges it is called ariver port if a port is on a lake river or canal that goes to a sea or ocean that port can be called aninland port a fishing port is a port or harbour used by people who are fishing a warm water port is a port where the water does not freeze in winter time a cruise home port is a port where people get on and off cruiseships it is also where the cruise ship gets its supplies like fresh water fuel and food the port of miami florida is called thecruise capital of the world port everglades florida and the port of san juan puerto rico also have big cruise ports a port of call is a place where a ship stops before it has finished its trip a cargo port is a port that is used to move things people want to buy or sell
mcintire iowa mcintire is a city in iowa in the united states sogliano al rubicone sogliano al rubicone is acomunein the province of forlìcesena in the emiliaromagna region in italy twin towns sogliano al rubicone is twinned with mount silverthrone mount silverthrone is a 20 km wide deeply dissected caldera complex in southwestern british columbia canada most of its eruptions occurred during the last ice age the products have since been heavily eroded it is the highest peak in the hailtzuk icefield the largest icefield in the coast mountains south of the alaska panhandle mareuilcaubert mareuilcaubert is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france show show can mean different things
mortons toe mortons toe is a condition wherein the second toe may be or appears longer than the big toe the most common symptom seen in mortons toe is calluses the first metatarsal head usually bears most of a persons body weight but because the second metatarsal head is farthest forward the force is transferred there pain may also be felt at the foots arch in shoewearing cultures mortons toe leads to several problems people with mortons toe need to wear wide or proper shoes for their feet people with mortons toe also have greek feet royal toe or mortons foot menhit menhit or mehyt was an ancient egyptian goddess in the early dynastic period egyptians drew and carved her to look like a lioness lying down with three bent poles coming out of her back she is shown on many early dynastic sealings and ivory artifacts usually next to a picture of an upper egyptian shrine people worshiped her in hierakonpolis and thinis volubilis volubilis is a partly excavated berberroman city in morocco near the city of meknes it may have been the capital of the kingdom of mauretania barton arkansas barton is an unincorporated community in the us state of arkansas tetrapodomorph tetrapodomorpha is a clade of vertebrates it is a subclass of the sarcopterygii which includes tetrapods fourlimbed vertebrates and their closest relatives advanced transitional fossils between fish and the early labyrinthodonts liketiktaalik are informally calledfishapodsby their discoverers they are halffish halftetrapods in appearance and limb morphology tetrapodomorpha contains among the characters defining tetrapodomorphs are modifications to the fins notably a humerus with convex head articulating with the glenoid fossa the socket of the shoulder joint tetrapodomorph fossils are known from the early devonian onwards and includeeusthenopteronosteolepispanderichthystiktaalikventastegaandkenichthys the fossils of the early mississippianpederpesandwhatcheeriaare regarded as early tetrapods whose relationships are not yet clear
depression mood depression is a state of low mood and not wanting to do anything it can change what a person thinks does feels and sense of wellbeing it may lead to being sad make it harder to think and a large change in appetite and time spent sleeping people who have depression may feel no hope and sometimes thoughts of suicide it can either be short term or long term the main symptom of depression is said to be anhedonia which means losing of interest in things that usually make people happy depressed mood is a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia it is a normal reaction to life events such as losing a loved one and it is also caused by some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments stucco stucco is a kind of plasterwork used to decorate ceilings and other parts of buildings it is made of aggregates binder and water these days its main constituent is portland cement sand inorganic lime a hydroxide mineral not the fruit and water it is applied wet and dries hard the same substance is often called plaster and sometimes mortar it has been used for hundreds of years in many cultures round the world liberal party of australia tasmanian division the liberal party of australia tasmanian division commonly called the tasmanian liberals is the tasmanian branch of the liberal party a centreright liberal conservative political party in australia it currently forms the states government its current leader is jeremy rockliff who is the current state premier and the deputy leader is michael ferguson irregular bone the irregular bones are bones that from their peculiar form cannot be grouped as long bone short bone flat bone or sesamoid bone irregular bones serve some special purpose in the body 1 protection of nervous tissue such as the vertebrae protect the spinal cord 2 affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment as with the sacrum and maintaining pharynx and trachea support and tongue attachment such as the hyoid bone the irregular bones are the vertebræ sacrum coccyx temporal sphenoid ethmoid zygomatic maxilla mandible palatine inferior nasal concha and hyoid famechon pasdecalais famechon pasdecalais is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france
saint peter parish dominica saint peter is one of dominicas 10 administrative parishes the capital city is colihaut dublanc and bioche are its only other settlements riebeckite riebeckite is a silicate mineral it is found in nature as both a fibrous form and a solid form the fibrous form called blue asbestos or crocidolite asbestos is one of the six types of asbestos it is considered by many experts to be the most dangerous type of asbestos it can cause cancer and asbestosis it was formerly used in kent brand cigarettes as a filter material it is rare in construction compared to white asbestos but it is sometimes found in caulking cement wallboard rope and numerous other products due to its hazards blue asbestos is no longer mined commercially sanction a sanction is usually a restriction imposed by law or political power the word is ambiguous sanctions can be agreed by international organisations but are more commonly unilateral sanctions that are imposed by individual countries they may affect a whole country or just individuals or groups of people there is no real agreement on whether sanctions work the term sanction does not include military force the same word can be used for restrictions imposed by the courts horology horology is the study of the measurement of time the word comes from the latinhorologiumit dates back to ancient civilizations who water clocks to measure time now we use more accurate timekeeping devices such as mechanical clocks and wristwatches today atomic clocks which use the vibrations of atoms to keep time are the most accurate timekeeping devices in existence archenemy an archenemy is the main enemy of someone in a work of fiction the protagonists archenemy is an antagonist normally the antagonist that is hardest to defeat if the protagonist is a hero then the archenemy will be a villain a lot of comic book superheroes have supervillains as their archenemies
oltrona di san mamette oltrona di san mamette is acomunein the province of como in the lombardy region in italy häfelfingen häfelfingen is a municipality of the district of sissach in the canton of basellandschaft in switzerland appraisal an appraisal is a formal and impartial estimate or opinion of value an appraisal is just one persons estimate of value but that person may be an expert on the issue in question appraisers do not determine market value they collect and analyze market information and express an estimate of market value only the real market buyers sellers and other participants fix the actual market value the real estate market is neither consistent nor unchangeable it is dynamic with a variety of forces affecting supply and demand the appraiser does not give absolutely precise opinion of value premainsequence star a premainsequence star known as a pms star or pms object is a star when it has not reached the main sequence stage yet before the object is a protostar it grows by getting mass from the surrounding interstellar dust and gas after the protostar blows off the envelope it will be visible it then appears on the stellar birthline in the hertzsprungrussell diagram at this point the star has got nearly all of its mass it has not started the nuclear fusion of hydrogen the star then contracts its internal temperature rises until it begins burning hydrogen the star is then in the premain sequence stage washington county washington county is the name of several counties in the united states
troësnes troësnes is a commune it is found in the region picardie in the aisne department in the north of france manchester disambiguation the term manchester can stand for clarendon texas clarendon is a city in the us state of texas sirajul islam sirajul islam is bangladeshi historian writer columnist professor and academician he is the chairman of the board of editors of banglapedia the national encyclopedia of bangladesh biziat biziat is a commune it is found in the region auvergnerhônealpes in the ain department in the east of france
rupert idaho rupert is a city in idaho in the united states geography rupert has a total area of 2 square miles murtabak murtabak or motabbaq is a kind of pancake it is filled with ingredients such as chopped meat and vegetables it is a street food in yemen indonesia malaysia thailand and singapore murtabak was first made by indians in yemen it was brought to southeast asia by indian traders monterotondo monterotondo is a town andcomunein the metropolitan city of rome central italy hildrizhausen hildrizhausen is a municipality in böblingen in badenwürttemberg germany andriy andriy or andrii is the ukrainian form of a masculine given name the name is equivalent of andrew in the english language given name people with this name include
4 strings 4 strings is a dutch techno music group with a female lead singerdivingis one of their most popular songsbelieveis one of their albums luçon luçon is a commune it is found in the region pays de la loire in the vendée department in the west of france people who live there are known as luçonnais auve auve is a commune it is in grand est in the marne department in northeast france gurdon arkansas gurdon is a city in the us state of arkansas agnezlèsduisans agnezlèsduisans is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france
good this is an interview with douglas from blackwood part of motherwell is it well yes the postcodes motherwell blackwoods er just south of hamilton about four miles south of hamilton two miles north of lesmahagow er so its just just on the m seventy four just is it lesmahagow is it erm it is lesmahagow i just wondered how that was re erm er er pronounced now on my er you and i spoke didnt we er douglas yes we did ive got circled circled good voice here well i am used to the telephone okay yes yes erm youre now youre not doing anything at the moment we we agreed it was resting erm sales and computers mar you were with martins retail group yeah yeah thank you right now if youve got your application form youve got a c v there as well havent you yes i have good thats great application form good c v im having a quick read through this and ill ill ask questions at the same time where we what we have over on that table douglas is a representation of er all the products and the and the compa companies that we market our products through mhm ranging from estate agents and there are two on the end here from er both products are involved with estate agents medical practices area health authorities schools universities and colleges up in the top right there and the obvious ones down in the er corner there yeah and ill ask questions as we as youre doing that erm no problem okay this is going to be more or less in line with what erm you told me on the phone anyway isnt it i certainly hope so yeah yeah well i can only make much notes as my hand will allow me to they still use terms like lanarkshire and dumfrieshire up here dont they its like us down in the in england using the old county names some times absolutely yeah strathclyde covers such a oh its a huge area massive area isnt it i mean in terms of population i think i somebody did er strathclyde regional council used to be a client of mine when i was with three m er well you know a client of my rep up here but er and they told me some time that i think a huge percentage of the whole of scotlands population oh its its about fifty percent is it of the scottish population nearly half yeah yeah then you get the highland region and its yes its only a small percentage of such a huge chunk of land crazy yeah geographical yeah so if everything goes all right with what we discuss here today then er douglas you can er you are available to start immediately in effect yeah hope we can give you an opportunity yes yes oh smashing okay its alw always very useful that er erm if we have to people have to ask us to wait around for them for five or six weeks or sometimes on a three monthly er er resignation thing it er yeah it er it tends to to elongate the whole process in fact i would say that ninety five percent of the people we take on are er either resting as you are or self employed anyway right right im sure that er im not in an unusual position er having been made redundant twice on the trot what im really looking for is er the option to take charge of my life myself i i i think certainly erm youre youre just at the age er did we discuss this magic forty plus no we didnt no no its one of the delightful ive been recruiting for a long time and its its one of those erm delightful things to be able to say to people on the phone when they tell me theyre fifty or fifty four to say thats not a problem because theyre so used to getting rejection ive also had people at forty plus telling me the same thing which is a nonsense with all that yeah well what experience down the drain is its crazy yeah last last time i was er resting was er about sixteen months ago and er i actually applied and got pretty far down the line er for a position within woolworths only to find that er when they stated that they wanted people between the ages of twenty eight and thirty five they did actually mean that er so regardless of the fact that er i was er well recommended and eminently suitable er for the job they wouldnt even let me go yeah go for the the final interview er i was forty at the time so i was five five years five years over yeah yeah mm i i think that er its disconcerting i think companies well in fact b and q erm recently announced that er not recently i mean in the last eighteen months theyve started to have their er stores erm its actually long longer er longer than that yeah i mean i i think macclesfield was one of the first er thats right that was about five years ago is it that long ago yes i was still there er when they the initiative they announced that yeah yeah well i we used er used to live in macclesfield and er of course you know it springs to mind when er but i didnt realize it was that long ago it seems so recent but i dont know whether that policy still prevails but erm i i think does but er i dont think it er became quite the successful initiative that er that they hoped it would be i mean i do think there are limitations with er you still have to get good people in their fifties thats right thats right youve still got to get good experienced people in their fifties and er whilst a lot of people have experience or a lot of experience er from their their previous working life its not always easy to make the jump into face to face aspect isnt it well its but its its the modern shopping experience oh ah you mean in other words you the fifty pluses are still well back in the days of the hardware stores yeah yes right yeah the corner shop and all the and its going to be difficult for er a lot of people to make that transition yep er a lot of lot of people in the fifties sixties age group may not even agree with it i dont know well theyre still uncomfortable yeah uncomfortable a bit uncertain and perhaps even a bit threatened and a lot of them still havent worked in large organizations thats right and erm b and q or wha any of those retail shops may be er that box that they see on a on an estate now but er it is a huge organization almost the opposite to of er what im looking at er coming from er being employed by larger companies to basically working for myself well erm take it from me that ive worked for for major american corporates and one major british corporate and er there is still something that you may miss all right this is a little bit of advice but i went erm self employed back in eighty eight oh so its not long ago is it so its not long ago but er but i was at my late forties and er er there are still times that you you feel that that urge to be involved in the er meeting up with your mates every day or your colleagues and having a good chat about business i believe and this is why im involved with i believe that you get the best of both worlds here because here you have an opportunity to go launch yourself onto a self employed erm platform and cannot provide a better platform for that and i would say that wouldnt i hes thinking mm but erm because ive been out there doing this and thats that was part of my if you like to come in to do the recruitment side of it er i had to experience and im glad i did because there were one or two prejudgements i had about advertising sales as most people do erm that i had to get wiped out of my erm my my system and i was in my early fifties when everybody tells the world that its its harder to adapt and get er some of the traits out of your system er didnt take me too long to do that but certainly did about my my views on advertising theyve changed quite the opposite way because er i now know that it can be done and how important advertising is to the even to the local businesses so you make er you know weve my i would have explained as much as i can on the phone exactly how we operate sure douglas now your background here is mainly erm er retail face to face but i can also read into and what er this and what you told me on the phone that theres erm quote a lot of sales as well absolutely er particularly my past experience with er i mean i was involved in direct and corporate selling right albeit briefly er in that er twelve months with er with er i have had some successes to date er notably er a sale for a hundred and seventy systems er er in yorkshire er and some thats not bad if you got yorkshire people to part with their brass for yeah but im a scotsman er and yorkshire yes yorkshire people trust scots they do dont they yeah yeah much more than you know some from down south yes thats right yeah er its but i dont really have any problems with with selling er im not hard sell er i dont believe in er stuffing things down peoples throat i mean if somebody says no thats fine okay well now i dont have a problem with that good that last point is quite im er quite important when it comes to selling advertising i would have said to you on the phone we dont make appointments to go and see people to talk about advertising so when we do the telesale er sale on the phone bit yeah erm youre likely to get plenty of nos ah i understand that understand that that doesnt mean to say that youd have let them necessarily get away with it on the spot but you youre still going to do a persuasive tact but in the end if they say no fine sure because there are plenty of others waiting in the wings mhm er okay well let lets er let me outline erm douglas exactly what todays meetings all about i dont call these er interviews i call them discussions because they are self employed positions and er i seem them as a business opportunity rather than a job quote job erm one of the things that i like to emphasize er at this stage is that although its self employed it is as close to being employed as you can possibly be with a company but then but still destined by your own efforts to earn earn the money what i can tell you is that will provide the ultimate in backup for any self employed person that you cou i could ever wish to meet we have an infrastructure thats been built up over twenty years so er and youve read our brochure and i hope its it was as impressive to you as it is to most people its a its a very impressive er brochure very well laid out which er i would expect obviously from a from a publishing company yes if they cant get that right then we aint gonna get most it right are we yeah but no i mean as i say some of the content was was was very interesting and er the concept is er well its something that excites me remarkably simple yet it still needs an awful lot of erm individ er people teams of people back at head office backing you know know what i mean it looks like a locally printed or erm product which a lot of local printers could print this theres sure no doubt about that but what they dont have is is that team of individuals throughout the u k funding something which is presented free to the client which is going to be absolutely superb for the client you imagine ima imagine going to these clien especially doctors theyd snap your hand off well i cant imagine a doctor turn turning the offer down well hes used to getting free drugs er you know yeah samples and things like that thats right heres something that he by law has got to have hes no option hes got to have something like this so rather than produce a simple double sided sheet or aha whatever and that he can produce a quite easy quite entitled to produce something like that photocopied on his own photocopier providing those basic elements but that would actually cost him more er it would cost them yeah erm and certainly it would not have much retention they could theyd have to keep cut back whereas these booklets for instance are certainly retained because theyre a two year thing and hes had the size as well right okay what did you glean from the er brochure erm in the main in terms of oh just generally very very innovative idea mm er and er well its not just one innovative idea er its just innovative idea after idea er which is encouraging because it er means that the company is not resting on its laurels er having found an avenue and an opportunity they dont seem to be content just to sit expanding and developing that and doing nothing else they do the expansion and the development but also looking at er other areas to move into well certainly er four years ago er four of those products werent in existence thats yeah and we have relied solely on estate agents up until that point and this is not the end of the story i believe in er three or four years time i will need a a table er twice the size of that for examples of the of of the material because there are plenty of other areas that this will we havent even started on hotels yet there are plenty of companies that do hotels bit itty bitty er thats right but er one of our major competitors has just gone out of business so well get a spin off from that both in both in estates er and in the hotel scene so mm why why has the competitor gone out of business they dont have that in the infrastructure they they dont theyre not paying their reps you see one of the thin well they call them reps sorry we call them consultants now erm one of the things we guaran well the guarantees er er several guarantees we give to our our self employed consultants and that is that we will pay all commissions earned the following week mhm we will pay them for a start thats thats the thats the trouble with a lot other companies and er it wouldnt be professional of me to mention names but let me tell you that er thats one thing we do make sure that people erm get their money when when theyve earned it erm and secondly we guarantee continuity of work nobody sits at home unless theyve asked to for two or three days nobody sits at home waiting for the next assignment right erm particularly in the self employed capacity if we were paying them a salary then of course its up to us whether we have them at sitting at home doing nothing they wouldnt theyd soon get bored with it but when youre self employed its very important to know that youre going to get the opportunity the opportunity yeah mm and thats what we provide we provide a platform for people to earn substantial money erm you know the only guarantee we give you is that we will give you the opportunity and quite quite honestly our top earners are top earners because they wont sit back and do one advertising deal a day and say hey arent i clever they will do two or three yep because in fact to do all of our assignments you probably only need to do an average of one a day i think you mentioned on the telephone now one per day gives you something like seven hundred and fifty pounds per week aha yep the average cost of all our ads erm co er is six hundred pound average yep all right whichever you know if you take the cost some cost twelve hundred pound for a full page others cost three hundred and fifty and some cost even two hundred and fifty pound for a small strip on the golf cards so theres there is quite a variety of across all of our companies but on average its six hundred pound and on average its a six thousand pound assignment er er target and if if we home in on that then certainly then thats a nice comfortable seven fifty to eight hundred pound a week but there you are thats mister average mhm so what er mister highflier does a lot more than that what percentage do you actually pay er to in in commission in commission well the basic is thirty percent on all advertising sales and then we er well talk in a bit more detail depending on which company you and i decide that er you know once we decide in fact that is for you sure sure erm and i suppose i should er really start into into that erm area now and that is the purpose behind this erm meeting is er three fold erm and once weve got one decision out the way the other two are fairly simple and that is that you and i agree that is is is the is the right time er right place and and time for you to launch yourself em employed er aspect erm certainly most people will agree that youll earn far more money as a self employed and commission only mhm because salary company car and all that is only one another form of commission anyway and that can be taken away from you very quickly yes whereas you could choose to take this away if you want thats right i mean the d d difficulty ive got er is im sure the same as you had er about five six years ago mhm is is just actually making the step oh sure after twenty odd years of being er a paid employee albeit a very probably because its i have been a very well paid employee yes yes its a its a difficult jump to make yes er but im pretty certain well you must have heard enough on the phone erm and there and theres no bull which i gave you oh im intrigued and and seen that im intrigued by it yeah yeah erm and if its not its er im not going to deny the fact that some people say you know this has been good for me for the last eighteen months erm im er im used to being self employed im going to stay that way but im looking at other avenues but what i hope what we hope of course is that some people give us a real good try mhm er because i dont believe this company er could be matched in what it can give er to the individual anyway if we dec if you and i decide that er is er is for you er the other two decisions today i er are as follows erm we decide which company or which environment which environment you feel you might feel most comfortable within and the third one is when and i have to say that we give our commitment very quickly and we would like to think that people also give erm their commitment so once weve decided which company youll work within i can come i can provide you with a training course immediately right and we ac we actually look for that sort of commitment too okay i do i do have three or four interviews lined up and obviously i would have having been afforded the opportunity of of the interviews i would like to follow up now these interviews are between now and the end of next week fine well what i would what i would do erm i would rather have a commitment for a date to start when you go out of here and if you say if youve got if youve got something that comes up then fine then we part right then what i what i want want really is is something fixed okay understand rod all right if you decide that you know youve got something better or or alternative fine hello it is rod yes yes mhm thats what you want mhm yep okay fine well you know at least youve er had the courtesy to phone which is a lot of people dont that was one oclock wasnt it okay thanks for your call and good luck bye youve had few a few callers today rod yeah mm youve had a few callers one or two actually thats thats not bad its its the people who dont turn up always amaze me they they dont turn up and dont call oh yeah there must be plenty of work out there i always think i can understand er i mean we had some calls off er last week mainly because erm we we took wed spoken to those people before christmas and we do expect people to to drop out but i still ex i still out of courtesy expect people to phone but may be im old fashioned no no i mean its er it it it is only polite isnt it to to do that er yes sure youre supposed to be so to get back to what we say er yeah i like to fix a date and if people phone up and say well look ive ive got something else or ive changed my mind i would rather have that than to have lots of paper work on my desk that just says may be or may be not okay okay yep erm now youve had a chance first of all i after our chat er par particularly on the phone and i make notes of people who er i think come well across on the phone because you know how important that is to us yes er we sell the whole concept on the phone er but we also have the luxury of face to face er which a lot of telephone sales people in whatever theyre doing dont particularly the advertising stuck in a local newspaper office phoning all the businesses under the sun theyve never seen the people they phone them every week saying do you want a fifty pound advert in a paper which is dumped the next day so its gone whereas here were were selling a erm a very much more prestigious item and also a much more long term er commitment on both sides and i dont seeing any problem at all in you being able to come over well on the phone which is the important thing for us looking at the environments where do you think you would feel most comfortable now i thats a luxury i have to say that most recruiting people do not get cert certainly the the opportunity does appear to be er huge in the the practices the medical practices er having said that er some of the newer opportunities must have er a lot of oh catching up to do if you like er to to the levels of the estate agents and to a lesser extent the doctors surgeries well the estate agent er area has been around now for twenty years so theyre rather used to us in that we were we are market leaders in that we are very well known by estate er estate agent companies and er and of course er advertisers i mean the new areas of course for us er and i still count the medical practices as a new area although its been for four years sure sure were well into erm i suppose we must be approaching somewhere in the region of two thousand surgeries out of fifteen thousand that are available to us so theres still a huge but we also are now in resales of course cos every two years theyre resold so the first two or three hundred we did in the first year have now been resold twice mhm because its four its nearly five years on the universities er and schools er is probably the next well it is its the next major growth area were were just about to mail may be its gone out now six thousand universities and colleges throughout the u k and state schools are as interested that product as independents much more so nowadays i would have thought much more well theyve got to get bums on seats you see thats right its a case of parents choice so who do we er home in on all of those er folders will go out to the parents yep and as soon as the parent opens up and or theyre moving and or theyre moving into the area theres the advertising for them yeah yeah and so theres prestige in going into the school and of course our most recent acquisition is the golf club company erm and thats another so so really youve got er i was out on the medical practices so i know how successful that can be and the other thing of course about medical practices is theres no limit on the amount of advertising youre selling to whereas all the others have specific slots yeah so once youve done it you cant sell any more even though there are two or three people in the wings saying can i go into it yeah yeah erm you just have to hope you can pass it on to er er the next assignment youre doing okay lets go which you lets go for medical practices okay right because certainly er this this is er wherever you go in the country there are going to be medical practices and schools golf clubs start to get restr more restricted and estate agents strangely enough still are widely spread up in scotland here okay well what well do is home in on that and what what what you have here what i i youll get to take this away of course this is an information pack which will tell you exactly what we do on medical practices first of all can i say that er remind you that theres no responsibility on your be on your part to actually go round surgeries saying do you want our product no i understand that and thats thats one of the main attractions to be honest okay yeah er we we have warmed it up as much i would have said this on the phone weve warmed it up as much as we possibly can erm and our marketing executive who goes round signing the surgery up leaves a certain amount of information er and particularly these erm a sheet si similar to this with er we ask the practice to sit down and compile a list of businesses erm and this of course can constitute an opportunity to do the whole of the assignment from however lets get into the real world and realize that er that medical people are not the best marketeers in the world erm they will leave it to their practice manager and the practice manager will do his or her her best to list out as many businesses which with they have links or are local most important thing when you receive this is on on day one of the assignment er douglas is to not just accept that list as it is you need to sit down with the practice manager or whomever and say right now youve listed all these why whats peculiar about whats particular and peculiar about these that you should say that this is a good opportunity and the more information you get about those businesses the easier its going to be for you to er to convey to them you know a lot youve done your research on them understand temptation is to get on to the phone immediately straight away straight and erm a lot of people make that very experienced sales people still make that mistake cost theyre not used to it when you arrive at the assignment theres an envelope waiting which will contain that list right now that that the rea other reason for qualifying that is the list may be six to nine months old so it might not have all the latest right one or two companies may have gone as we know by the by as it were yeah yeah but the er information from the for you and the doctors are included includ into the envelope er with things like such as that that tells the erm the the exactly what youre doing there now some of the staff may not be aware that youre theyre having a medical practice booklet brought together that allows them to read in comfort exactly what youre what youre gonna be doing there theres other information which will be shown to you on the on the er training school and the training schools fully expensed we have hold it at head office every week all right theres one every week yep and er typically la last for one week er it typically lasts for three days right erm and on this side we send people out for two days before they come in to training so they are at least familiar with what what we do so its two days out in the field with one of our trainers or top people and then they come in for the three day course so theyre not coming stone cold all right but thats fully expensed at all times travel and hotel whatever okay heres a couple of er samples of books and we ill refer to those erm during the next er three or four minutes but what i need to show you is erm the sort of earning potential because thats quite important for you but also the pricing if i can just open those up and have a couple of samples of now weve kept it fairly simple on the on the medical practice side and we have three sizes and three sizes only thats a full yep a half and a quarter right so four quarters will be er constitute a full page when the sales er exec on marketing goes round to contract the surgery to take that product there are two things that are generated first of all they discuss the number of booklets that were going to produce mhm and that will be determined by the patient list right so if youve got a big patient list fifteen thousand we do a three to one ratio because of course therere therere number number yeah the numbers game so we will guarantee to print five thousand booklets per year thats a guarantee we can actually do unlimited publica erm print for them but at least we guarantee thats the minimum whatever that figure is there will automatically internally produce a target figure that we want for that book right now that target figure is identified the day you arrive at the erm at the surgery on the documentation that you receive direct from head office and that is a figure you just have to have fixed in your mind all right its its not if you dont reach seven thousand pound its not a a failure situation its just thats we would be very happy to have that because the following year which is when no expenses come up for you know no no production costs come from erm then er thats thats the sort of profit we need to calculate for the yes second year however on er on this particular product erm of course its unlimited advertising sales excuse me right in fact weve recently had a fourteen thousand pound booklet and you can when you take this home work out yourself exactly what that generated in three weeks for the sales consultant and you can see he was a very happy person im sure he would be yes couldnt do that on the other products because theres limited number of slots however the assignment took a little bit longer than it er than if hed been on the other product range okay so having got that figure er fixed in my mind thats what wed like to go for but erm and we pay thirty percent commission on all advertising sales whatever you do however many you sell you will get thirty percent commission and you will get it the following week providing you do one or two things for us i if i can ask you to home in on that five thousand pound figure once you reach five thousand pound on any assignment you get another fifteen percent bonus theres a small bonus there at four and a half but i ask people to fix in their mind mhm five thousand pound so that anything over five thousand pound you get another fifteen percent in other words forty five percent commission all bonuses are paid at proof stage and ill explain why in a minute all your commissions are paid the following week but when it comes to bonuses we we there is a slight delay two two may be two to three months erm and the prices are as follows as i said there are just three sizes but ive got five five prices i would just like to home in on those three thousand pound is a full page we always launch into a thou erm a full page erm sell all right so when we get on the phone we always talk about full page yep and the work downwards if you work if you work on a quarter page at three ninety and cos remember youre telling all this on the phone unlike traditional sales where you wait until you get round there to tell them what the price is you have you have to er tell them what er the price on the phone those are the prices and we they are premium slots thats a premium slot which would cost twelve hundred pounds all this will be gone into a lot more detail on the training course you have an allowance if you need it of ten percent on the spot if if you really need it to get the deal to push a sale erm dont s you know if youre not a discount man forget that you you just have to say im im gonna use it if i need it but if you are persistent or a four thousand per thats the sort of thing now thats that i have to say is achievable in two weeks just the same because if you sold two or three full pages and may be four halves and a couple of quarters you have reached your seven thousand pound target yeah i mean id gather that look at er yeah at the prices yeah yeah yeah its you dont have to sell a lot if er youve got a couple of full pages and a couple halves er in fact i would probably think that erm having looked at some of the results recently i would think that thats going to be somewhere close to average now and you er thats gonna fluctuate as well if you go into central london around east er around the east end erm that may not be an assignment that will you see thats me prejudging its probably gonna be a damn good book because of all the businesses wanting to get associated with the doctor could well be cos you never know one of the things i i i found it very difficult to start with i must admit is that to to prejudge that people would or would not go in now if i point out that its in bold erm and it preempts a question that generally comes up and that is if we er we will pay thirty percent up to a hundred miles one way away from home and er if we had to send you and its a big if i have to say its a big if in especially in the medical practice side if we had to send you more than a hundred miles we will pay another five percent however our top earners are top earners because of two things i may have mentioned one and that is that not satisfied with one deal a day yes and also they ask for those thirty five percenters and they are quite happy to put up with what i would term the inconvenience of going there and back each day yeah more than a hundred miles i have to say i did my assignments i went there and back i didnt i didnt mess around with staying away it was an extra cost but also i learned in the end like the top earners do er and i guess i was mister average because i was coming in to do this job not that one erm i i decided or worked out that i could do two or three deals in a day between a certain hour so i didnt travel during rush hour and i didnt travel back during rush hour and these top earners have it to a tee they will do it between eleven and three thirty and they will have done their work the company has no problem with that because youre you know if if youre doing the business youre happy because youre getting the commission yep okay well that thats in simple terms and youve got this to take away for you to study erm then that we we thats the thats the sort of earning potential you have and its there yes especially on this side and will certainly help pay the mortgage yes right good now we will pay all those commissions on the basis of you achieving er first of all the sale but also a minimum amount of paper work and i have to say that this is the minimum ive ever seen for a sales person to have to do but it has to be absolutely right er that which makes it as critical as as a lot of er paper work its critical to get it right because there are situations where if you dont get it right then they have to hold some commission back and thats a pity thats an excellent incentive to get it right i made absolutely certain i never sent in a duff contract because it is it is very simple if you follow the guidelines and im gonna point out one or two things why its essential that you do not make an appointment to go and see people unless they know everything up front first of all the major documentation weve got is the contract and there we have six companies and we have the same contract for all six just the difference is the colour right all right if youre colour blind then its its a pity may be its good for you i dont know er no because if you have a hundred hundreds of these arriving on the er on the doorstep on monday then you need to er know exactly which company theyve got to go into but theyre all the same so that if you are er with which is the medical side and an opportunity arose for some other reason for you to transfer to another group we havent got to retrain you right because they all do the same thing but some of the things you need to point out before you go round is that you do want a thirty five percent deposit of the first years payment i take it a cheque is that acceptable er oh yes yes yes in fact thats the only way you should take it erm thirty five percent and you will have worked you will te you will be able to tell them that on the phone once youve agreed the price if thats a thousand pound or thousand pound page then you want thirty five percent of the first years payment and you have a little chart to help you do that but if you havent got one you make it up yourself but the other thing that you have to er be erm very clear about is er on on the monetary side is if there are two signatories to the cheque right both of them need to have signed it but the other important is that they both have to sign the bankers order so you tell them about the thirty five percent you tell them about the bankers order that will need signing how many signatures on the bankers order fine can you make sure mister fred smith is with you as well yeah when it comes in cos you cannot if you left this with anybody youd never see it again you kept phoning back for it oh ive lost it its gone through the system tell you what scrub round it next time youre around ill ill go into the booklet erm and also we take take the second years payment a year later now thats a good sales pitch because a lot of people think youve got to find all the money up front find all the money so its in effect three stages thirty five percent about two months later when when they get their proof okay we take the balance balance of the first year through that bankers order we take the second years payment a year later so its in a three stage payment in effect now if you get and this of course once again will be gone through in much more detail er on the training school that will generate two out of the three things we want thats the contract and the cheque all right the third th the other thing is of course we need to know what they want in their ad yes this is the form once again theyre colour coded this is the form we use to send the copy in either attached to this form or at least erm a basis of a design down here now we dont want our sales consultants to be graphic arts experts because we have right the way back in in head office people who know how to do it properly yes loads of people doing it weve got twenty years experience thousands of ads on our on our records most of our advertisers have have been in something or other before its a very rare situation where theyve never advertised yes okay erm if they havent then you just get a few ideas got a graphics pack and you say well is this the sort of thing you want well this is what the er the builder did last time thats right you show them something you can show them samples but in the main we will lift whatever they want if theyve got something like that in existence if not well do it for them and its at no extra cost thats all built into the price so they dont have to go to an advertising agency or a graphics designer to have it all drawn up well do that for them and at proof stage is when we pay your bonuses yeah and thats because weve got the the balance of the first years payment and those are the three things get that right plus a compliment slip and a letter heading because if we have to lift a logo if that if we had to lift that off er you know photocopy wont er photocopy wont do so we we take a compliment slip or letter heading this is of course the most important document yeah ju ju just yes any questions well just an observation really aha if er im gonna be taking thirty five percent er up front thirty percent thirty five percent if you earn more than a hundred no no sorry oh i beg your pardon the deposit cheque yeah yeah weve had thats thats the observation i was gonna make thats er just so happens that that almost the amount thats gonna be turned round to me the following week that that arent we clever yeah very good yes oh yeah we we if if its if youre on a thirty percent and mo which most of them would be if youre on a thirty percent commission assignment then the other five percent just goes in the pot if youre on a thirty five percent then were covered and our belief is that weve got money to pay you thats why we dont delay in paying you no no its thats er okay thats very reassuring thats the point yes oh well thats fine er i mean howards concept is absolutely brilliant erm and it ca it makes our assign our consultants very happy we had seventy at the beginning of last year i think i may have said on the phone a hundred a sixty five right now yeah and were going for three hundred this year well thats another reason im sat here is the fact that er you know youve actually doubled it big growth and this is the this is a typical example this is my la my last but one assignment last but one commission form i would pick one of the good ones wouldnt i erm but this is a this is an average okay the the reason the total down the bottom is cos of the bonus er element but we we put down the ive crossed out position number it is size erm er we took this from another sheet yep okay erm and we forgot to change it thats all each consultant has its ow er his or her her own unique number so does the assignment we list the position the advertisers name in brief the practice were working at and the town what ive just described is a full and complete contract there are organizations like bupa hospitals and some others erm who have special arrangements with us where we dont need a deposit cheque and we dont need a bankers order but we do need an official order from the hospital yes that replaces those two things you still get your commission you know in full unless theyve changed it but i think it is theres the erm er the value of the contract per year theres a first year you know its just the the co cost of the ad thirty percent thats what the commission was worth and its nice to come out with a signature for a erm and this was a charity one so they got it slightly less erm er and know that youve just earned yourself that much thats yeah why you know dealer day like that was were wed be quite happy about this figure here is in effect what we would should be looking for per week right if we if we home in on something like that two eight three thousand then were going to be earn earning that much for ourselves now i mentioned bonuses paid at proof stage as soon as an assignment has been fully proofed it goes on to a list which is published every two months to all of the sales execs and you just look out for your number all right and youve got your own personal records of course if you know youve earned bonus then thats where to claim it i emphasize the word claim because thats exactly what it i i mean its not paid automatic because some people well first of all we dont know the precise dates when the proof is going to go out and also some people like to leave it there to pay tax pay holidays yeah buy a new car some guy took his er bonuses after two years recently and i think he got somewhere in the region of six thousand pound not a bad lump safe as houses you dont forfeit it by not claiming it its just you you know you you as and when you need it yep and all that all that yes all that documentation if you get it in there by monday we pay all the money int straight into your bank that week can i can i on that particular one er you the value of the contracts two eight six o so how many er brochures would er publish based on that because it falls below the no thats one week all right thats one weeks oh that wasnt the complete no no no no thats just one week assignment sorry i may have put three in of those for one assignment mm thats a nice week its a nice week but thats an average week you see for a lot of people you imagine what the guy was putting down for his fourteen thousand pound booklet yeah he had twenty nine different categories of advertising thats not bad its an all time record and providing all that document done lets face it it is simple providing you make sure that people er the advertiser knows what youre what youre looking for before you go round there then there shouldnt shouldnt be too much problem no thats okay admin doesnt hold any terrors for me well you have to do it you you see the important thing is that that contract has to be done in front of the and so does the copy so does the cheque so theyre all done on the spot theres not anything waiting for you to get home to yeah you cant change you cant change anything on there because the guys signed it so once youve done that in front thats that out the way the copy out of the way you may have to wait for one or two things but you know like like copy sometimes but i didnt used to send them s erm er contracts in unless they had everything yes i was prepared to go back and copy as long as youve got that contract and that deposit cheque thats the crunch well there you go of interest yep yep its er okay well i know i know you said that you were looking at one or two other things and quite honestly i would expect you to be erm er you one must be reminded that er its only three weeks today from when i was made redundant sure so er and ive er been pursuing all sort of avenues not not just self employed but obviously the the traditional route er as as well er i mean ive written off er cold er letters to are you doing networking really networking you see well marketing marketing itself yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah er as well as applying for er vacancies that appear in newspapers as well as er registering myself with er agencies with whom ive been in contact okay er within the past er an obviously thats generated a number of appointments and some interest at this stage er and er well i look to to myself and my family to to make sure that er i dont just jump without fully reviewing the opportunitys that are available for me well i i would have said on the phone that under normal circumstances if youre salaried or have been salaried i dont talk people into this unless theyre a certain age anybody over forty i say it is a legitimate time to talk to people about self employment now erm in the main the most the people who go and talk if they talk genuinely to their their other half or i always say partner instead of nowadays thats politically correct i think erm then they so theyre theyre a lot of the times theyre talked out of it i its its a pity to be talked out of out of what weve got but er it it its a case sorry i say talked out of it its discussions and erm you have to say that most er ladies look at saying well now what can you promise me every week mm mm aspect however i dont think youre gonna get a better commission only er package from whatever direction that this well i mean obviously im the obvious alternative is er financial planning to to financial services financial services financial planning yeah let me tell you thats the graveyard at the moment yeah well it er it may well be eighty five percent turnround in staff thats not my figures thats the financial services figures it its obviously er er route that ive looked at but this certainly appeals to me a damn sight more than er that i mean i know ju a simple little thing but er telephone calls will be made from the practice yeah mhm yep no cost at home which is er its its a concern youre on the move every three every three weeks you get to know another group of people mm you dont have to dont have to procure my own leads no all you have to do provide is your own car its okay about that youve got that yeah got that done that with a bit of well as long as youve got a car i dont want to hear that as long as youve got a car yeah er you cannot no i mean i do one of these guys has always had a company car er my company car er has gone back and er well until i find out where im gonna end up im not gonna dive in and purchase another car just er for my no exclusive use no we we provide a training course er douglas so erm all right what id like to agree on though is at least a date okay when providing you know depending on what else happens that i can say that heres a date and that individual will start at it er we are expecting him for the course on that date right if we go you know let me just explain exactly what we do erm the training course er as i said two days er ill count it as a full training course training course er involves two days out in the field told you yes that er thats not necessarily in scotland it could be somewhere else but we er pay you travelling and your and your hotel understood all right up to a certain limit erm if you stay in the er imperial hotel every er time you go out thats up to you erm and then three days in head office okay now you said you you had a number of other er options that you were looking at which i understand yes and you said that by the end of next week you will you will have done those and know whether you want them and whether the companies probably yes basically yes okay so if were looking at that being the week ending oh sorry week commencing thirty first of january is next week all right mhm if we looked at erm the week commencing seventh of february as being the two days out that would be from the ninth er that would be the tenth and the eleventh of february would that be er be about just over two weeks so the two day two days out and then the following week on the yes yes ill go for that oops right okay so thats in effect the tenth isnt it weve just changed some of the had to have some of my little notes down there yes thursday the tenth of february so my two days are the tenth thats right and eleventh yeah ill drop all this down for you so you dont need to make any notes thursday the tenth of february on wednesday the ninth now this is all on the assumption that everything is going for us right rather than what youre what other options you have i would have expected you to be doing that if i can ask you to read through this for me before you and it will tell you exactly what will happen during your training yep in head office and out in the field okay the course erm temporarily is being held in the grand hotel in while we er extend our training school because were doing two more rooms on to the training school there will obviously be the opportunity to catch sight of head office yeah oh yes in fact if youll if you look in here you you get a it starts off with a tour of er head office and all our facilities there and now accommodation has been provisionally reserved for you for that date what i need you to do is to phone the hotel direct and confirm youre arriving no problem right if you read all this it will tell you exactly theres a map and the grand is just about there yep somewhere around there thats an er an expenses form and you know bring this information with you to the inhouse course the three days inhouse erm because theyll ask you for that at the end of okay if i can ask you to read that yep at some time now we pay we pick up the tab at the grand hotel for those three days inhouse now if we have to send you out fur you know er with a trainer or top person who where you need to stay away we will pay we will always pay your travel costs whichever you know whichever er er second of the training course youre on erm we will pay bed breakfast and evening meal up to thirty pound a night and i have to say the trainers will always know of some good deals right all right that was only if on that thur on that mon thursday and friday if you have to stay away on the wednesday night and the thursday night then we cover that okay the rest of its picked up by us anyway can i ask you just to sign that to say you know that and theres a copy here for you yes please print your name i wouldnt have anywhere near that signature oh its in there somewhere its in there somewhere its years of practice yeah its amazing you know i was watching my son my son when he was about eleven or twelve practising his signature and it was it was so nicely written i i saw it the other day it was no difference read both words oh and mine mine is very readable okay so i just put up there right ive got everything there i just need your photograph er douglas for security this is becoming quite popular this method now a lot of clients that i had when is it polaroid yes yes its on the on the spot thing we do we do allow people tie straight ties straight yes you you can smile good sometimes er when especially the the er older element have been so delighted that weve offered them an opportunity because everybody else has said theyre too old and after all this theyre getting really excited want to come and then they look so glum in the photographs and i say well come on i said you can you can smile you know was it just me that was excited you said thats right yeah yeah all this will be confirmed in writing to you douglas sure obviously id be delighted if you choose to come this direction but i understand of course that you have other options to look at yeah what one question i should have asked ask ask any when er when we were on the subject of er the the labour turnover er in the insurance industry what is the turnover in well er if you looked at the ill give you one or two averages and and i have to say that these are figures that are a mixture of what we know from the industry and what we what we know from our own company the current financial services turnover and this has this has been published in the financial times and the telegraph is somewhere in the region of between eight five and ninety percent now that is massive because of all the new er erm it they made it very difficult for independents to survive oh yes with er yeah absolutely and so forth and also the the elongated period where they can claw back commission from you thats been a disaster for people two to four years after you left for instance the pru or one or two other companies they can still claw back commission if somebody cancels a life yeah thats part of the contract now i certainly would never sign anything that erm required me to do that er and then the direct sales averages somewhere around sixty percent now were going to be somewhere between forty and forty five percent so in that sense were below average its not bad and thats not bad when you consider no its not bad in in my my sort of retail career and that somewhere between thirty and thirty five oh well er was was the norm yes er in managerial positions yes yes in assistants particularly with part time youre talking of the order of fifty to fifty five percent yeah we we were were we wouldnt have retained those out of a hundred and er what is it a hundred and ten people er was it ninety five people er over the last year we retained you know coming from seventy to hundred a sixty five in fact when had their sales meeting last friday it was observed that the sales force in the er which were gathered which we do every two months in the in the major suite the training suite er conference suite at head office er that was the total number of sales execs we had in january the previous year whereas that was one group that had the same number in fact more than that we had ninety people there thats how weve grown and partic and particularly i take it a number of er execs have been with the company for a yes a similar number of years as yourself yes top earners yeah top earners and even even sorry even some of the mister averages or miss there are some very successful ladies in fact a lady picked up all awards er last week last friday she cleared almost cleared the floor she was so good okay douglas all that will be in writing to you all right then look forward to you erm making a decision to come with us but er thats in your hands okay thanks very much we can certainly offer you everything you need on a self employed basis it certainly does sound very attractive to to me rod good free as a bird free as a bird may mean list of twin towns and sister cities in germany ae this is a list of municipalities in germany which have current links to local communities in other countries or in other parts of germany mostly across the previous inner german border known astown twinningusually in europe orsister citiesusually in the rest of the world a aachen aalen achim ahaus ahlen ahrensburg aichach albstadt alsdorf altena altenburg altötting amberg andernach annabergbuchholz ansbach apolda arnsberg arnstadt aschaffenburg aschersleben attendorn auebad schlema augsburg aurich b ba backnang bad hersfeld bad homburg vor der höhe bad honnef bad kissingen bad kötzting is a member of the douzelage a town twinning association of towns across the european union bad kreuznach bad langensalza bad nauheim bad neuenahrahrweiler bad oeynhausen bad oldesloe bad rappenau bad salzuflen bad salzungen bad segeberg bad soden bad vilbel bad zwischenahn badenbaden baesweiler balingen bamberg barsinghausen baunatal bautzen bayreuth be beckum bensheim bergheim bergisch gladbach bergkamen berlin berlin charlottenburgwilmersdorf berlin friedrichshainkreuzberg berlin lichtenberg berlin marzahnhellersdorf berlin mitte berlin neukölln berlin pankow berlin reinickendorf berlin spandau berlin steglitzzehlendorf berlin tempelhofschöneberg berlin treptowköpenick bernau bei berlin bernburg bibo biberach an der riss bielefeld bietigheimbissingen bingen am rhein bitterfeldwolfen blankenfeldemahlow blieskastel böblingen bocholt bochum bonn bonn bad godesberg bonn beuel bonn bonn bonn hardtberg borken bornheim bottrop brbu bramsche brandenburg an der havel braunschweig bremen bremerhaven bretten brilon bruchsal brühl buchholz in der nordheide büdingen bühl bünde büren burg burgdorf butzbach buxtehude c castroprauxel celle chemnitz cloppenburg coburg coesfeld cologne coswig cottbus crailsheim crimmitschau cuxhaven d dachau darmstadt datteln deggendorf delbrück delitzsch delmenhorst dessauroßlau detmold dieburg dillenburg dinslaken dietzenbach ditzingen döbeln donaueschingen dormagen dorsten dortmund dreieich dresden duisburg dülmen düsseldorf düren e eberswalde eckernförde ehingen einbeck eisenach eisenhüttenstadt eisleben elmshorn emden emmendingen emmerich am rhein emsdetten ennepetal erding erftstadt erfurt erkelenz erkrath erlangen eschweiler espelkamp essen esslingen am neckar ettlingen euskirchen eutin saléon saléon is a commune in the hautesalpes department t meena kumari t meena kumari is an indian judge who worked as the first chief justice of the meghalaya high court
myocyte a myocyte also known as a muscle cell is the type of cell found in muscle tissue myocytes are long tubular cells they develop from myoblasts to form muscles in a process called myogenesis there are various specialized forms of myocytes cardiac skeletal and smooth muscle cells they have different structures the striated or striped cells of cardiac and skeletal muscles are called muscle fibers cardiomyocytes are the muscle fibres which form the chambers of the heart they have a single central nucleus skeletal muscle fibers help support and move the body they usually have peripheral nuclei smooth muscle cells control involuntary movements such as the peristalsis contractions in the oesophagus and stomach boufflers boufflers is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france montague michigan montague is a city in muskegon county michigan united states centre chamber of deputies of luxembourg constituency centre is a constituency of luxembourg it includes the cantons of luxembourg and mersch jigging jigging is a method of fishing it is well known in japan especially in okinawa the united states and canada this way of fishing need a unique fishing lure called a jig the hook does not hang bait it consists of a model that resembles an injured fish the model will lure big fish on the fishing boat fishermen jerk the fishing line regularly the hook moves vertically because this is a fairly new method of fishing jigging equipment is limited but universal fishing equipment can be used to jig as well
american association of state highway and transportation officials aashto means american association of state highway and transportation officials it is a standards setting body which publishes specifications quality control protocols and guidelines which are used in highway design and construction throughout the united states despite its name the association represents not only highways but air rail water and public transportation as well though aashto is not a government body it possesses quasigovernmental powers in the sense that the organizations that supply its members customarily obey most aashto decisions besides its publications aashto performs or cooperates in research projects kshatriya kshatriya is a division of the caste system in hinduism akshatriyais a warrior ruler politician or administrative worker there are 3 lineages of kshatriyas however there is one more lineage not mentioned in any puranas nagavanshi snakeborn who claims descent from the nagas kech district kech or turbat district is in the south west of balochistan province of pakistan tehsils ۰ turbat tehsil photomontage a photomontage is an image made of two or more photographs it is made by cutting and joining the photographs together into an illusion of subject that is not real a similar method is used today with digital photography using imageediting software photomontage can also mean the way of making a photomontage kagoshima kagoshima can mean a few things
recloser a recloser is a circuit breaker which can be closed automatically after the breaker has been opened because of electric fault because many faults in power systems fix themselves after they happen the installation of recloser ensures more continuity of power and higher availability for electricity supply to the load arnex arnex can mean nurlu nurlu is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france neptune disambiguation neptune is a planet in the solar system it might also mean interspecific competition in ecology interspecific competition is when individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem examples for such resources are food or space even species that never meet can compete with each other because they need the same resources two kinds of predators might prey on the same animals interspecific competition is important because it regulates the population of the different species it is one of the ways natural selection happens interspecific competition causes evolution when two individuals of the same species compete this is called intraspecific competition
éguillysousbois éguillysousbois is a commune of the aubedépartementin the northcentral part of france almaluez almaluez is a municipality found in the province of soria in the autonomous community of castile and león in spain kerlouan kerlouan is a commune it is found in the region brittany in the finistère department in the northwest of france houlle houlle is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france elmore alabama elmore is a town in the us state of alabama
chenu sarthe chenu is a commune it is found in the region pays de la loire in the sarthe department in the west of france namerikawa toyama is a city in toyama prefecture japan demography according to japanese census data hadenfeld hadenfeld is a municipality of the district steinburg in schleswigholstein germany lombron lombron is a commune it is in the region pays de la loire in the sarthe department in the west of france tsmc tsmc is a major taiwanese semiconductor manufacturer that is used by apple to manufacture its bionic chips and recently its m1 series of chips it also is used by qualcomm huawei intel google mediatek amd and nvidia for their series of chips
widnau widnau is a municipality in rheintal in the canton of st gallen in switzerland eros disambiguation eros is the greek god of love eros can also mean palluel palluel is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france le coudraymontceaux le coudraymontceaux is a commune it is in îledefrance in the essonne department in north france cock and ball torture cock and ball torture is a sexual activity that is based on causing pain to the male genitals it is used in bdsm cock and ball torture works by constricting or hurting the penis or the scrotum methods for cock and ball torture include wax play dripping lowtemperature wax on the body to create a burning sensation kicking and mild electric shocks the person who enjoys having these things done to them may feel physical pleasure from cock and ball torture because of masochism or emotional pleasure from knowing that the torture gives pleasure to a sadistic partner many cock and ball torture activities carry the risk of injury to the person being tortured
straja suceava straja is a commune found in suceava county romania kartavirya arjuna kartavirya arjuna also known as sahasrabahu arjuna was a legendary abhirayadavking of an ancient haihayas kingdom with capital at mahishmati which is on the banks of narmada river in the current state of madhya pradesh kartavirya was son of kritavirya king of the haihayas this is his patronymic by which he is best known he is also referred to simply as arjuna he is described as having a thousand hands and a great devotee of god dattatreya one of the several such accounts states that kartavirya arjuna conquered mahishmati city from karkotaka naga a naga chief and made it his fortresscapital beaver arkansas beaver is a city in the us state of arkansas pawar pawar is a clan subcaste found among the hindumuslim gurjar ethnic people of southern asia that is based in rajasthan and other north indian states origin pawar gujjars trace their ancestry back to the chandravanshi kshatriya lineage lunar dynasty descendants they also claimed to be direct descendants of raja vikramaditya who ruled in ujjain modernday madhya pradesh until 57 bce geographical distribution they are mainly found in rajasthan madhya pradesh uttar pradesh himachal pradesh uttarakhand kashmir and dehli mucus mucus mucous or slime is a slippery liquid it is made by many living things as a kind of biological lubricant it plays the role in living things which oil plays in machines mucus is mainly composed of polysaccharides which are longchain carbohydrates these molecules are stiff when dry and sticky and slippery when wet they are present in all types of organisms from bacteria to humans in vertebrates mucus is made by mucous membranes mucus may have antiseptic enzymes such as lysozymes and immunoglobulins antigens a major function of this mucus is to protect against infection by fungi bacteria and viruses mucus protects epithelial cells in the lungs gut genital visual and auditory systems in mammals the epidermis in amphibians and the gills in fish snails slugs hagfish and certain invertebrates also produce external mucus as well as a protective function slime helps movement and plays a role in communication mucus is produced in many parts of the body all the alimentary canal nose and sexual organs have mucus glands which pass the mucus to the surfaces the surfaces are mostly internal surfaces though in some animals mucus covers the outside of the animal slugs are an example of this mucus glands are exocrine glands so they pass their mucus to the surface along ducts alkaline mucus in the human digestive system mucus is used as a lubricant for materials that must pass over membranes such as food passing down the oesophagus a layer of mucus along the inner walls of the stomach is vital to protect the cell linings from the highly acidic environment inside the stomach mucus is not digested in the intestinal tract alkaline mucus is also found in other places such as eyes saliva and cervix
oltre il colle oltre il colle bergamasque is acomunemunicipality in the province of bergamo in the italian region of lombardy it is located about northeast of milan and about northeast of bergamo septfontaines doubs septfontaines is a commune it is in bourgognefranchecomté in the doubs department in east france ice lolly an ice lolly ice lollipop lolly ice or ice pop is a frozen snack of flavoured ice it is made by freezing flavoured liquid such as fruit juice or cream around a wooden stick once the liquid freezes solid the stick can be used as a handle to hold the ice pop in the united states the snack is also referred to as a popsicle after the brand in the city of liverpool uk the termlolly iceis used for reasons unclear this is specific to liverpool the remainder of the uk use the termice lolly term usage in uk usa and canada the term ice lolly is used primarily in the united kingdom with variations used in other englishspeaking countries in the united states and canada the same frozen snack is often termed apopsicleorice pop the term has also been used as branding for the tourism website ice lolly massaguel massaguel is a commune it is in occitanie in the tarn department in south france seaworld seaworld is a group of theme parks in the united states there are dolphins and whales some of which have been trained to perform for people who watch there are seaworld parks in orlando florida san antonio texas and san diego california controversy human beings have learned more about dolphins and whales since the first seaworld was built people have started to ask whether it is good to keep them in places like seaworld scientists say that dolphins and whales need much more space and much more time with other dolphins and whales than people used to think they did there have also been accidents sometimes a whale will attack its human trainer the miniseriesblackfishtold the story of an orca named tilikum that attacked a trainer named dawn brancheau people from seaworld say that they are doing good things for whales and dolphins by allowing people to see them close up
burlesque disambiguation a burlesque is a type of performance that makes fun of a serious subject burlesque might also mean williams arizona williams is a city in coconino county arizona united states étoilesaintcyrice étoilesaintcyrice is a commune in the hautesalpes department belleville arkansas belleville is a city in the us state of arkansas beni suef governorate beni suef is one of the governorates of egypt the capital city is also named beni suef the nearby meidum pyramid is the only prominent tourist attraction in the area
villerscampsart villerscampsart is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france pound pound or pounds may refer to arpajon arpajon is a commune it is in îledefrance in the essonne department in north france caltrain caltrain is a california commuter rail line it serves the san francisco peninsula and santa clara valley silicon valley the southern end of the line is in san jose at tamien station caltrain has 28 regular stops jacksonwald pennsylvania jacksonwald is a community in exeter township pennsylvania united states it is less than a mile from the borough of st lawrence pennsylvania
mirannes mirannes is a commune in the gers department it is in southwestern france sainthilairelaforêt sainthilairelaforêt is a commune it is found in the region pays de la loire in the vendée department in the west of france white lightwhite heat white lightwhite heat is the second studio album by the american rock band the velvet underground songs from the album all songs written by lou reed unless otherwise noted chordophone a chordophone is any musical instrument which produces sound commonly by vibrating a string or strings stretched between two points what most westerners would call string instruments are classified as chordophones for example violins guitars and harps nudisco nudisco is a modern day form of the genre disco the genre is commonly used with pop songs the genre is used more in european british and australian pop music another popular genre that has been revived from the 70s is nufunk a modern form of funk music popular artists below is a list of popular pop singers who have used or frequently use nudisco melodies in their songs
mountain bike a mountain bike or mountain bicycle is a type of bicycle that is made for riding offroad mountain bikes are like other bicycles but are usually stronger and heavier mountain bikes usually have suspension stronger brakes bigger tires and a stronger frame than most other bicycles while they can be used like a normal bicycle mountain bikes are usually used for mountain biking engelbrechtsmünster engelbrechtsmünster is a village in bavaria germany now part of the municipality of geisenfeld it is near the ilm river references sources mezzaluna a mezzaluna is a tool that is used for chopping herbs and the large single bladed versions are usually used for cutting pizza or pesto bryan sutton bryan sutton is a united states guitarist he also plays many other instruments including mandolin banjo and electric guitar he has performed or recorded with artists such as ricky skaggs dixie chicks jerry douglas sam bush béla fleck hot rize chris thile and tony rice jausa jausa is a village in emmaste parish hiiu county in northwestern estonia
lombez lombez is a commune in the gers department it is in southwestern france snowball animal farm snowball is a a character in the bookanimal farm like napoleon snowball is a boar raised by mr jones for sale unlike napoleon snowballs plans and projects are targeted at improving the quality of manor farm he is a vivacious pig quick in speech and a brilliant inventor snowball is based on trotsky of the october revolution who was exiled by stalin and later murdered by the kgb soviet secret police on stalins order potloi costume potloi or polloi literallyfinal productorend product is a cylindrical skirt made up of thick fabric that is ornamented with sequins and mirrors it is usually used by the meitei hindu brides in meitei wedding and the dancers in the manipuri rasa leela dance notably it is not used by the brides in traditional sanamahist meitei wedding interestingly radha and chandrabali wear green potloi and red blouse whereas the gopis wear red potloi and green blouse in the manipuri dance landseer dog the landseer continentaleuropean type is a dog breed bumthang district bumthang district is one of the 20 districts in bhutan the administrative centre is jakar bumthang district is divided into four village blocks notable towns include
macopa wax apple macopa or makopa is the local name in the philippines for the sweet fruit cultivated from the tree it is commonly referred to in english as wax apple java apple semarang roseapple and wax jambu kimbundu north mbundu or kimbundu is one of two bantu languages called mbundu see umbundu it is one of the most widely spoken bantu languages in angola it is mostly in the northwest of the country notably in the luanda province the bengo province the malanje province and the cuanza norte province it is spoken by the ambundu leptolepis leptolepis is an extinct genus of rayfinned fish belonging to the family leptolepidae species the 7 species in this genus are other species these species were already assigned to other genera description this small fish resembled a herring or a small salmonleptolepisis probably the prey ofclarkeiteuthis bhakti movement bhakti movement in hinduism is a religious movement it was known as the ideas and engagement formed in the medieval era it was based on love and devotion to religious concepts built around one or more gods and goddesses bhakti movement spoke against the caste system using the local languages so that the message reached to the peopleit was an significant religious movement in medieval hinduism husum schleswigholstein husum is the capital of the nordfriesland district in schleswigholstein germany
psychology psychology is the study of the mind it studies thoughts feelings and behaviors in humans and animals psychology aims to explain how the mind works it also looks at how our actions relate to how we think a lot of the research in psychology is done on humans however animals are also used in research examples of this are classical conditioning and operant conditioning psychology is a vast subject area it covers many topics it is divided into branches psychology has a lot in common with other fields of research ideas in psychology overlap with ideas in the sciences of anatomy biology neuroscience and physiology a person who works in the field of psychology is called a psychologist a psychologist tries to understand how the mind works so that they can help people and animals they must go through higher education for many years in order to become a professional these practitioners attempt to explain how the mind functions by itself individual and with others social they also see how the mind affects the body they work with social behavioral and cognitive sciences branches psychology has been split up into smaller parts called branches these are subjects in psychology that try to answer a particular group of questions about how people think the branches of psychology that are often studied are methods scientific approaches psychology is a type of science so research psychologists use many of the same types of methods that researchers from other natural and social sciences use psychologists make theories to try to explain a behavior or pattern they see based on their theory they make predictions then they carry out experiments or collect data to see if their prediction is right or wrong some types of experiments cannot be done on people because it would take too long cost too much money risk peoples health or be unethical there are also other ways psychologists study the mind and behavior scientifically and test their theories psychologists might wait for some events to happen on their own they might look at patterns among existing groups of people in natural environments or they might do experiments on animals which can be simpler and more ethical to study just like in other fields of science a good psychological theory can be proven wrong as new information about a subject is learned just like in any natural science psychologists can never be completely sure that their theory is correct if a theory can be proved wrong but experiments do not prove it wrong it is more likely that the theory is accurate this is called falsifiability psychologists use many tools as part of their daily work psychologists use surveys to ask people how they feel and what they think they may use special devices to look at the brain and to see what it is doing psychologists use computers to collect data as they measure how people behave in response to pictures words symbols or other stimuli psychologists also use statistics to help them analyze the data that they get from their experiments symbolic and subjective approaches not all psychology is scientific psychology psychodynamic psychology and depth psychology try to interpret dreams to understand the unconscious mind they are older approaches to psychology begun by carl jung he was interested in finding methods to measure personality traits humanistic psychology and existential psychology believe that it is more important to understand personal meaning than to find causes and effects of mental processes and behaviors psychologists psychologists are people who work in the field of psychology a psychologist may work in either basic research or applied research basic research is the study of people or animals to learn more about them applied research uses what is learned from basic research to solve realworld problems a qualified clinical psychologist can become a therapist or counsellor to become a psychologist a person must first get a basic degree at a university and go to graduate school a masters degree either msc master of science or ma master of arts allows for work such as a school psychologist a doctorate degree takes a longer time to earn because it includes doing research and writing a detailed report a doctoral graduate uses the initials phd or dphil doctor of philosophy some clinical psychologists earn a doctor of psychology degree and use the initials psyd after their name the american psychological association say that people need a phd or psyd and a current state license in the us to call themselves a psychologist the wordspsychologistandpsychiatristmay be confused with each other apsychiatristhas graduated from medical school and uses the initials md or its equivalent mb chb in london university for example a psychiatrist or doctor may work with a psychologist by prescribing and checking the effects of medications instinct animals with nervous systems are born with instincts an instinct is a part of the behaviour of an organism it is inherited innate not learned however the term does not include the operation of sense organs and does not include the normal working of the autonomic nervous system instincts are to do with visible muscular action in response to releasers releasers are triggers which set off chains of instinctive behaviour although instincts are not learned in some cases their performance can be improved by experience and practice there are some problems with the terminstinct it can be used loosely to mean a general tendency such asa mans instinct is to protect his family it can be used to describe chains of behaviour of mixed origin properly it is used only of welldefined acts whose causation is inherited and which are triggered by specific stimuli called releasers other terms for instinct are fixed action patterns fap and innate behaviour chains overview instinctive behaviours can be variable and responsive to the environment any behaviour is instinctive if it is performed without being based upon prior experience that is in the absence of learning sea turtles newly hatched on a beach will automatically move toward the ocean and automatically swim when they are in the water a joey climbs into its mothers pouch upon being born honeybees communicate by dance the direction of a food source without formal instruction other examples include animal fighting animal courtship behaviour internal escape functions and building of nests reflexes as instincts reflex actions are a special case a true reflex is distinguished from other behaviours by mechanism they do not go through the brain rather the stimulus travels to the spinal cord and the message is then transmitted back through the body tracing a path called the reflex arc reflexes are similar to fixed action patterns but a fixed action pattern can be processed in the brain as well a male sticklebacks instinctive aggression towards anything red during his mating season is such an example examples of instinctive behaviours in humans include many of the primitive reflexes such as rooting and suckling behaviours which are present in most mammals maturational instincts some instinctive behaviors depend on maturational processes to appear for instance we commonly refer to birdslearningto fly because they cannot fly at first but can a week or two later however young birds have been experimentally reared in devices that prevent them from moving their wings until they reached the age at which their cohorts were flying these birds flew immediately and normally when released showing that their improvement resulted from neuromuscular maturation and not true learning components of instincts while fixed action patterns and reflexes are clear examples of almost entirely instinctive behaviours most behaviours are complex and consist of both instinctive and learned components for instance in imprinting a bird has a sensitive period during which it learns who its mother is konrad lorenz famously had a goose imprint on his boots thereafter the goose would follow whomever wore the boots the identity of the gooses mother was learned but the gooses behavior towards the boots was instinctive similarly sleeping in humans is instinctive but how much and when one sleeps is clearly subject to environmental factors whether a behaviour is instinctive or learned is common subject of nature versus nurture debates displacement activities in a situation when two instincts contradict each other an animal may resort to a displacement activity biological function instinct is a builtin need to do something its not something an animal thinks about its something it does automatically a baby bird automatically throws its head back opens its mouth wide and screams for food it is an instinct baby bats automatically cling to the cave wall grasshoppers naturally spit out the things in their stomach on predators that try to eat them bees naturally work to take care of the hive and make honey butterflies inherit preferences for laying their eggs on certain plantsplant their young need to eat and thats where they lay their eggs animals are born with these instincts and they follow their instincts without conscious thought organisms have two ways they can get behaviours one way is learn by observation and by repeating things which have a pleasant outcome the other way is to inherit the behaviour pattern by heredity wörthsee municipality wörthsee is a municipality in the district of starnberg in upper bavaria in germany vitrylecroisé vitrylecroisé is a commune in the aube department in northcentral france montréal gers montréal is a commune in the gers department it is in southwestern france
stringer journalism a stringer is a journalist photographer or videographer who gets paid by helping the news create new articles villefranchesursaône villefranchesursaône is a commune it is in auvergnerhônealpes in the rhône department in east france hierarchical database model in a hierarchical database model is a data model where the data is organised like a tree the structure allows repeating information using parentchild relationships each parent can have many children but each child only has one parent all attributes of a specific record are listed under an entity type in a database an entity type is the equivalent of a table each individual record is represented as a row and an attribute as a column entity types are related to each other using1 nmapping also known as onetomany relationships the most recognized and used hierarchical databases are ims developed by ibm and windows registry by microsoft accumulated cyclone energy accumulated cyclone energy ace is a measure used by the national oceanic and atmospheric administration noaa to show the activity of each tropical cyclones and entire tropical cyclone seasons particularly the atlantic hurricane seasons it uses an estimation of the energy used by a tropical system over its lifetime and is calculated in every six hours african art african art is art made in africa or by africans although the term itself is debatable as there are few other continents whose art is grouped in this way and given the differences between individual countries within africa historically art from africa has often been considered in this way
much ado about nothing much ado about nothing is a comedy by william shakespeare it is set in messina sicily which is in italy and is a comedylove story about two pairs of lovers hero and claudio and benedick and beatrice this story is one of william shakespeares more popular plays the villain in this story is called don john and he convinces claudio that hero is cheating on him and then he refuses to marry her whilst benedick and beatrice are tricked into confessing their true love for each other in the end the constable accidentally sorts everything out and everyone celebrates both marriages don john the villain cant bear anyone else to be happy he is an illegitimate child meaning his upbringing has been rocky and he is insecure leading to his selfish behaviour getting the better of him throughout the play kunya a kunya arabic is a name which is honorably given to an arab mother or father kunya is pronounced koonya parents are called by their kunyas which consists ofabufather orummmother followed by the name of their first son or daughter their whole name is their name plus their kunya for exampleumm jafar aminahmeansthe mother of jafar aminahthe kunya precedes the personal name spyro reignited trilogy spyro reignited trilogy is a platform video game that was published by activision it serves as a remaster and remake of the first three spyro gamesspyro the dragonand plankton plankton are drifting organisms that live in the surface layers of the ocean they live in the top layer of the ocean called the epipelagic zone they are not strong enough to swim against ocean currents the term is in contrast to nekton who can control their movements there are three groups plankton are important in the oceans food chain they are the main source of food for almost all fish larvae as they switch from their yolk sacs to catching prey basking sharks and blue whales feed on them directly other large fish feed on them indirectly by eating fish of smaller size such as herrings the distribution of plankton is governed more by nutrients than by temperature large tracts of ocean are blue and sterile the reason is that these areas lack one or more crucial nutrients for the photosynthetic plankton upon whom all the others depend broadly speaking areas near land masses get nutrients by rivers and wind the key nutrient lacking in the pacific ocean is iron essential in molecules such asferredoxins ironsulfur proteins which do electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions maple grove minnesota maple grove is a city in hennepin county minnesota united states
about a girl nirvana songabout a girlby the grunge band nirvana is the third song on nirvanas first albumbleach it was one of kurt cobains less heavy songs of the ones he wrote for the band compared toblewanddownerit is considered quite mild leslie arkansas leslie is a city in the us state of arkansas loch poll loch poll is a loch in sutherland in the highland council area in northern scotland packet switching in telecommunications packet switching is a method of grouping data that is transmitted over a digital network intopackets composed of a header and a payload a header is used by networking hardware to direct packets to its destination a payload is the thing extracted after it has reached its destination thanks to the header the workstation creates a packet and stamps it with the destinations ip address and forwards it to a router the routers job is to find out how to get the packet to the desired destination breaking communication down into packets allows the same information to be shared amongst many users in a network a type of small network where packets small units of data are routed through a network based on the destination address contained in each packeta data packet is a unit of data made into a single package that travels along a given network path data packets are used in internet protocol ip transmissions for data that navigates the web and in other kinds of networks meerane meerane is a town in the rural distinct of zwickau saxony germany it is about north to zwickau and south to altenburg
saint mark parish dominica saint mark is one of dominicas ten administrative parishes the main settlements in the parish are soufrière and scotts head another village in the parish is galion hyrum utah hyrum is a city in cache county utah united states portmanteau word a portmanteau word is made of other words or parts of words it comes from putting two or more other words together likemotel frommotorandhotel originportmanteauoriginally meant a type of suitcase with two separate parts for storage the first use as a word combination appeared in lewis carrolls bookthrough the lookingglass there humpty dumpty explains that some of the unusual words injabberwockyare other words packed together into one word as two parts of a portmanteau suitcase are packed together examplesportmanteauitself is an example combining the french words for carry porter and coat manteau into a coat carrierwikipediais a portmanteau of wiki hawaiian for fast and encyclopedia atsc standards advanced television systems committee atsc standards are american standards for digital television over terrestrial satellite and cable forms it is mainly used in the united states canada mexico and south korea they replaced the old ntsc standard for analog television for digital terrestrial television japan made their own standards isdb myctophiformes myctophiformes is a small order of rayfinned fish the order consists of two families the lanternfishes myctophidae and the blackchins or neoscopelids neoscopelidae
radiolaria radiolaria are amoeboid protists which produce mineral skeletons the skeletons usually of silica sio2 have a central capsule this divides the cell into inner and outer portions calledendoplasmandectoplasm radiolaria are found as zooplankton throughout the ocean and their skeletal remains cover large portions of the ocean floor as radiolarian ooze radiolaria have existed since the beginning of the palaeozoic era they take their name from the radial symmetry of most species they are valuable markers or diagnostic fossils because they have a rapid turnover of species this helps to identify strata and to correlate strata at different sites radiolaria are heterotrophs eat other things but also may include protist algae as endosymbionts structure the skeletons of radiolarians are generally organized around spicules or spines which extend from the main skeletal mass formed from the fusion of many of these spines is the outermost skeleton the shell ortest connecting this shell to the many concentrically organized inner shells are bars or beams which strengthen and support the structure the nuclei and most other organelles are in the endoplasm while the ectoplasm is filled with frothy vacuoles and lipid droplets keeping them buoyant often it also contains symbiotic algae which provide much of the cells energy not much is known about the living amoebae because they cannot be cultured in the laboratory some years ago now i left teaching erm and joined abbey i went on an induction course down in bournemouth which was all technical er i came back to see my first clients and i cringed at the thought of it can you imagine you know a teacher i thought i had to tell them every minute detail of these plans all that business about allocation of units im sitting them this i mean i still now cringe at the thought of it because that isnt what the clients want to know they want to know that you know it and they want to feel confident that if they ask you question you can answer it but they very much want to know what it does for them and how much its going to cost them basically erm perhaps the easiest way to talk about it is its a fact that one point three million quarter inch drill bits are sold in the u k in fact they were sold last year in the u k now one three quarter inch drill bits i mean can you imagine people stopping their friends outside the d i y store and saying you must buy one of these bits its absolutely superb look at the metal look at the shape its absolutely wonderful they havent been bought for what they are have they theyve been bought for what they do theyve been bought for the fact that all over the country theres all these holes in the wall and people are putting up shelves building furniture or whatever so its very much what it does and not what it is erm another way of er er talking about it youre going to a friends for a barbecue on a hot summers evening and youre walking up the drive and you can smell the barbecue sizzling away er er and your mouth starts to water and youre thinking this is going to be great you get to the barbecue and amongst other things theyre barbecuing sausages and you think super well if they actually took the time to explain to you what went into those sausages you probably wouldnt eat them at all would you but because of the smell and the taste and everything youre quite happy to er eat the sausages you go for the sizzle not the sausage so thats what were going to be talking about now turning features into benefits well think youll agree after weve been through the covermaster plan its chocabloc full of features waiver of premium escalating premium insurability option life cover selective periods bonuses you name it theres hundreds of features of the plan were going to look at how we can talk about them as benefits to the client theres two ways of doing it er the first the most straightforward way is to name the feature if you want to briefly describe it if its appropriate and i mean brieflythen use a link phrase like what this means to you and come out with a benefits statement something that the client can relate to and the final piece in the jigsaw is to ask the client how he feels about it what does he think how do you feel erm lets take waiver of premium and go through that process andrew is there a feature in this plan called waiver of premium what these means to you is that if youre off ill for a long period of time through accident illhealth whatever abbey will actually still pay them for you until youre well again how do you feel about that it sounds good it sounds great yes nice and simple dont go into all the technical details without er six months er payable until you return to work reach sixty or die payable for by reduced allocation to the units according the age and sex etcetera etcetera and tell him what it does for him in the covermaster plan andrew theres something called waiver of premium what this means to you is that if youre off work through illness for a long period of time abbeys going to pay the premiums for you how do you feel about that great ill have that ill have two in fact yes keep it short keep it simple keep it simple its stupid but having said yes remember that now theres another way of doing it which done well is more powerful but you have to think about it and it comes with practice which as you obviously sell more and more of these plans most of which have got waiver of premium first of all what you do is disturb the client or put another way you create a problemand then you solve it with a featureand then you ask what do you think how do you feel if i take the same example waiver of premium erm and im relating to knowledge that i will have got through the plan your future document if i use andrew again if i may if i say to you andrew erm you explained earlier that erm if youre off work through illhealth your employer will actually pay you for six months and then it stops thats true isnt it yes can you see that maybe if at some time in the future you do have er some bad health or perhaps get involved in an accident that after a period of time it might be difficult to actually find the money to pay for this plan were establishing tonight yes yes well the good news is that theres actually something called waiver of premium on the plan which looks after exactly the looks after exactly that case yes if youre off work for a long time abbeys going to pay the premiums for you until you get well again how do you like the idea of that it all sounds fine yes you disturb him some people will actually say if i could add something to the plan that would cost you just a little bit more which means that if youre off work through illness the company abbey will pay the premiums for you would you be prepared to pay a bit more no most people would say yes actually if you put that way but what do you say well the good news is its not going to cost you any more its automatically included so you can do that as well but if you do it that way its often more powerful because youre relating to the clients circumstances either way keep it simple and get the client to tell you what he thinks are you happy with with the idea and the way i put it across yes speak to me mhm yes yes good because youre going to have a go at it oh you might have known that was coming mightnt you what i want you to do is shout out as many features of the plan as you can think of and then in a minute well look at changing them into benefits so off you go escalating premiums escalating premiums yes unit linked unit linking whole of life whole of life erm come on weve been through all this terminal illness terminal illness benefit yes waiver of premium waiver of premium death benefit death benefit or yes paid up sorry paid up paid up option right insurability insurability flexibility flexibility yes you can change levels of cover selected periods possible option of surrender value at the end of yes surrender valueand partial surrenders yes i think weve probably got enough now how many have we got one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve right im going to ask you as an individual to choose one and just to put together a way that you can change it from a feature into a benefit using either of those ways or you can just give yourself some bullet points because you dont need to write out the ands and the thes and whatever but well ask you to select which one youre going to go for and as i know weve got a room full of gentlemen lets start with the ladies first kim what would you like erm waiver of premiums waiver of premiums crafty er shirley flexibility flexibility oh that was the one you gave me yes er janet unit linking unit linking sue selected period selected period right andrew erm surrender value surrender value david whole of life gerald ill take death benefits death benefits philip escalating premium escalating premium ilias partial surrender partial surrender john oh terrific i havent written that have we terminal illness terminal illness right everybody clear on what youre going to do spend a a minute or so putting your thoughts together you can write it out if you want to or you can just give you bullet points what youve chosen youre going to change into a feature if you start to go on to the other p side of the page start again keep it simple yes and try and personalise it i dont mind if you refer to any information that you might have gathered during the evening a bit like i did with andrew yes but assuming that those people were being paid at work for six months and then there was a problem you can give them children you can give them anything you like to try and personalise it but keep it simple right are we ready no not yet no no we dont want any essays keep it simple youre not giving him time off again are you you know i mean all this freedom as youre finishing off let me explain what were going to do erm im going to ask first of all for a volunteer since youre all going to have a go you can whod like to volunteer so who would like to volunteer whos going to volunteer geralds volunteered oh weve got two here gerald will start er and he will talk to you as if you were a potential client but so he can actually relate it to somebody hell choose one of you one of your colleagues anybody in the room and if you when you are the potential client when you talk to gerald or whoevers talking to you er as if youre a potential client relate to everything he says if he says youve got six children and you work at the local factory you do yes you respond in kind erm and hell finish it off by asking you what you think about it and obviously you respond to that so gerald whore you going to start have as client ill have john john right off you go then so gerald to john what are we talking about erm death benefit death benefit right o k then o k then john er looking at your erm at your fact file we see here that weve actually got erm twice the amount of your salary erm for life cover which your company which your company actually offers offers you o k yes o k so at the moment youve got two times your salary erm life cover let me ask you john how would you actually feel if you were made redundant tomorrow how would your family actually er benefit well because ive only got the life cover then er that cover would disappear o k er and id have to start thinking about where i am again how do you actually feel about that not too happy not too happy o k if i could actually show you a way where theres not such a problem today how would you feel then it depends how much it cost o k thats great yes related to him worried him and offered him a solution yes good so john it must be your turn now so you can select anybody else in the room and go through the same process alright erm janet what what are you talking about john oh erm terminal illness terminal illness right janet erm obviously wed examine your circumstances from time to time erm but er there are obviously perhaps areas that concern you erm if you were diagnosed as having cancer and was intending to be dead in nine months what would your reaction be to that how can i put that keep me how can i look after myself as i obviously wont be able to work and look for ways about er getting my house in order before i er finally die well yes of course you would thats obviously quite a worry mm it is yes quite a concern well how would you feel if i was to tell you that within the policy it was possible that the sum could be paid it might even be paid up before death yes like what whats the test well if you had er your illness and so on and the other debts that you may have erm and bearing in mind that you actually only have the nine months you might be a little bit more era bit luckier than that but how about a holiday in disneyland gosh thats like going to hell isnt it well would that that thats what would that be of interest to you no but theres plenty of things i would like to do people id like to see yes yes theres certainly things a bit of extra money would make enjoyable in the last few months right well i think i can show you a way on how to go about that how much more would it cost ah well that depends on how much you want to spend no its not going to cost her any more because its included in the plan so its not going to include so its not going to cost her any more no it doesnt good well done well personalised yes er very good effort erm is it would it it showed you not to put words in her mouth but i mean it was nice to talk about disneyland it brought a lovely humour to the situation erm but maybe to ask her what shed likely to do like to do in those er last er nine months or so good well done john janet oh i wish i hadnt chosen this particular one can i ask address another table n yes anybody yes right david ill talk to you about about erm unit linking unit linking right right david you said youd been approached by another insurance company er i could obviously say i recommended abbey life and im tied to that but i actually joined because i think theyre a particularly good company in that what in the use they make of the money that im paying actually goes performs very well and ill explain this a bit more erm we when we first came into the industry erm we brought in a totally new policy that the funds to provide the pensions and action we put into unit trusts you know do you know anything about unit trusts not really no well it goes into a pot and it it buys into different funds which are invested in different markets erm to give you some examples erm we can invest in property we can invest in some securities government securities er we invest in the stock exchange and we have managers who look after these funds and they perform extremely well and if you go and have a look at the tables you find that abbey life actually makes your money grow faster than a lot of other insurance companies and the benefits of this is that er as you know erm inflation takes over and we measure our spending power against that five pounds in your pocket today wont buy what tomorrow what it bought this year and next year what it would have bought this year so we have to keep ahead of that because were planning the benefits for you twenty or twenty five yearstime so we have to make sure the money you pay to us actually is going to grow so it gives you a very good return on that money in twenty five yearstime so we put it into this pot and we invest it in as many funds and spread the money out so if if one fund doesnt produce very much in return another fund will and so we in fact get a better spread throughout the market than you could do as an individual i mean you could go out and you could put a little bit of money in the building society or the bank or you could have a gamble on the stock exchange but we have two advantages we have erm managers of these funds who have a lot of expertise a lot of experience weve been going over thirty years now and weve grown extremely quickly because of the expertise of our managers we give our expertise for nothing really it doesnt cost you any more you just throw them in for free and the other thing is you clearly get a good spread of the market and we know that this method will produce erm a return for you which will keep your spending power ahead of inflation is there anything youd like to ask me can you please go through it again for me i must have had a death wish choosing that janet that was a lovely clear description erm but how could you have improved it well i would have liked him to participate more but i didnt know how to lead him yes yes you needed to involve him erm yes thats my trouble but erm it was too long wasnt it it was too long and you didnt involve the client but ive ive honestly got to say on your behalf it was a lovely clear description of what happens as well and there were some nice positive statements about abbey er and er why unit linking is worked for abbey etcetera so lots of it was absolutely great but youve got to count your words when youre playing the recorder one thing i would say its very difficult to put over is to get overof the part youve paid back it is it is youve just youve just got to ask ask his opinion is it important to you that you get a return on the money that you invest with us yes or do you feel comfortable making decisions about where youre investing your money or would you be happy for somebody else to do it either way you could offer him yes i see yes er i said i could have said if you had been given a hundred thousand pounds how or fifty thousand pounds how would you invest it yes if if if you can involve him more but obviously this is a very nerveracking situation and er the description was great please yes the description was a death wish thinking that was right philip escalating premium escalating premiums talking to i think david because he didnt answer janet right right o k here goes david just looking at your situation i know youre er a young chap and you have a young family and weve er discussing your existing circumstances and i can see that at the moment er funds in the family budget are a little bit tight if i could show you a way of keeping your premiums at an affordable level but still obtaining the li the level of life cover that you need to be of to your wife and your family would would that be of interest to you well its er if its cheaper then yes right o k well we have er a feature in the er in this particular policy which is er full estimated stop stop youve done it just leave it you know quite a useful no no no just leave it you did it very well youre in danger of talking yourself out of it you needed to stop there because he did it very well didnt he he personalised it he told him exactly the benefit of escalating premiums and he couldnt say anything other than yes because it was what he wanted but that was very good very good thats the hardest part right david well ill go over the other side andrew andrew right presumably erm andrew er i i find that earlier on the the only life cover youve really got is one that you took out a few years ago a very small one and you took that out for a set number of years so you took that out when you were twenty and i believe its er finishing when youre fifty yes thats right so youve got after that youve got nothing theres nothing coming after nothing at all how do you feel about that about all that all those premiums youve paid and youre fifty one and all of a sudden youve got nothing at the end of it i cant say ive ever worried about it i just thought id look at it when i got there mm so what if could erm could come up with a policy that you pay your premiums in but it covers you for the whole of your life so that no matter when you die whether youre a hundred and twenty or whatever you can get the sum that youve assured well that wont help you but your dependents will would that be of interest to you it would yes yes good er one good example as cited er er a term policy if you couldnt cite one that he had himself you could cite examples so that people know about it a little bit of a tendency to talk too much about it though yes keep it bit shorter and simpler but just the right way of going about it to illustrate the point how would you feel if youd been paying this money for ten years and then you lived you lived after than and you got nothing for it basically were talking the whole of life good erm andrew erm ill look at ilias right right erm as youve heard this policy is basically for your protection but it does over a number of years acquire a bit of savings obviouslyth there is four or five years theres nothing to speak of but after that it does acquire more so like yourself youve got a daughter who perhaps fifteen twenty yearstime will be getting married at which point the policy could be surrendered to put towards the cost of the wedding or when you retire it could be used as a lump sum to set yourself up initially for your retirement so how would you feel about that yes i would be in trouble youd have more savings yes yes good good because you set it out as as er you gave a scenario where the money would be useful to the fu the future so that was that was good erm you could have got to the close a little bit earlier but then it i think you were just finding your words that was good well done you related it directly to ilias ilias whore you going to talk to no its got to be somebody who hasnt had a go otherwise the system falls down doesnt it shirley kim somebody close shirley if sometime in your life er you need money er for example er youre in when youre a start of marriage and you have mortgage how will you go to er with difficulty well in er this policy any time if you want to surrender so if you need er some of the money you can get that money or any time will it affect my life cover then yes o k that that was that was a good er it was a good setting the scene because you related it to shirley shirley came up with a stat with a question which is a very important question will if affect my life cover obviously it depends how much you take out but if you start talking about taking some of the cash from the fund youve got to tell the clients it could affect the cover that theyve got because it isnt a savings policy but its a bonus isnt it because theyve had all this protection on this and theyve still got some cash building up o k good shirley ill go with right so if we pay you by five yearly value in three months and invest for initially life cover of twenty thousand and thats o k for now and we take you three years along the line so your husband dies and youve now got a young child do you think twenty thousand is going to be adequate no it probably wouldnt be well this policy is actually flexible you can actually if you do have children you can then increase the life cover thats exactly what we want well done sue you actually stopped her finishing it oh you did it you did it very well yes but you needed i know you were going to you needed to say at the end is this important to you or is this something you would like on your policy good well done shirley so sue it must be you to whos left kim kim i think is it rightkim erm we talked we talked earlier about life cover er on death on the death of your husband you actually have three children under the age of seven and if your husband died while they were still young still in education heaven forbid but these things still do happen it might be that you think that you would need more cover at that point in time than later on maybe when the children have left home would it be fair to say that thats a good statement to make yes it would be yes how would you feel if you were able to designate more life cover for a selected period of your choice er and then maybe alter er the cover later on so that you can have higher cover at certain points in your life to cover these critical things like your childrens education while theyre growing up erm at any point in the future thats it good well done sue erm yes selected periods well presented well personalised did they have to finish it no yes before you started repeating its very difficult to keep it simple it really is i mean i know gerald went first and i know hes been in the business a long while but he actually managed to say it all in about three sentences thats experience but that thats what were aiming to a er achieve kim last but not least its to gerald hello that was nice and short and simple well done do you want it or not thats it thats it do i get a waiver of premiums with it lovely youve put me completely off now i knew id got kids written down here for a reason even started whether theres not two extra but it costs more we were talking earlier and i understand you liked to ride at the weekends and youre often competing on your horse er ha if you were to have a fall and erm you had a back injury or erm you sustained an injury that would you keep you from work for a substantial amount of time er how would you feel would you be able to pay your premiums would it be a problem to you well not really not to begin with because i get erm sick pay from work i get that for six months but if its an ongoing problem that would possibly keep from work lets say for a year yes then it would be a problem right well we we have something which would actually solve that erm which would be of benefit to you and would actually cut in at the six month period and would continue paying your policy and your premiums until your retirement age if necessary would that be of interest to you oh yes yes good well done kim you werent put off by all the bawdry earlier well done in fact well done everybody because it sounds a simple thing to do when we actually got down to it it wasnt quite as simple was it and i think every one of you were personalising it really well and making an excellent start good that actually brings us to the end of the covermaster product weve spent nearly all day talking about something what you knew about well hopefully youve found it of benefit what were now going to look at is living assurance now so we can actually distinguish between the two policies which are very similar in lots of ways were going to start again by looking at a video now this video erm was compiled by dr marius bernard dr christian bernard the south african surgeon heart surgeon his brother he was talking at the life assurance association er convention in london i think its er three year ago now in er nineteen ninety it must be ninety one because i went on a course then erm and he can tell you better than me really the benefits of living assurance so id like you to as you did this morning please move your chairs all round close the blinds and er its the the second video of the day if you want to its going to last erm about half an hour right fine have you heard of dr er yes oh right well do i have to things to talk about it yes yes yes oh by the way youve got to work through this video you know your workbooks that youve got hes actually asking you a few questions relating to the statistics that er dr bernards going to mention so can i ask you to get your workbooks and a pen just so that you can jot down some of the information you have to listen quite carefully what do you mean workbooks i mean workbooks oh yes these things i thought those were for everyone found theirs no they were given out yesterday philip were they oh how silly of me again i didnt like to say that has he been hassling you yes page ten please welcome dr marius bernard good afternoon ladies and gentlemen er looking at you and listening to you its certainly different to the operating rooms that ones used to working in er dont feel a bit disappointed that during my presentation ill be expecting to this hospital ill take you to the operating room er please sorry but certainly its very real to what were going to talk about today thats o k id also like to say mr chairman that er i didnt recognise the hospital you said where we did this operation erm if you want to see me afterwards ill tell you that you take at the hospital but youve got to be an erudite to be able to understand that ladies and gentleman im very honoured really indeed its a privilege to be part of being here today as part of the insurance industry i believe very gratefully and very sincerely about a great tomorrow and my profession is striving to bring that to the health of peoples and nations ive been very fortunate to be able to become part of your industry to see part of your contribution to my patients for the great tomorrow im not an insurance man im a doctor i couldnt care about the insurance companies although i love your where i choose i can care about my patients and i sincerely hope that you will make it possible for my patients when their diagnosis is made to have that knowledge that financially he has a great tomorrow i believe that insurance is an honest attempt to provide financial security and independence when you need it most and you really need it most when your health starts failing when the diagnosis of the illness is made think around your clients and your relatives because that opportunity to generate the financial security and the friends you need is threatened by the guilt now where does the doctor come into this i want to go back the year nineteen hundred and lets hear the causes of death because when many infectives caused by viruses and the bacteria the life expectancy for a male was fifty and for a women was fifty four if i was born in that period i would be dead already and you wouldnt need to listen to me but if you look at this as far as the medical profession and the insurance profession need each other what happened to these people when they develop an infective condition pneumonia for example it was very easy they either died four or five days later very cheaply it used to cost ten pounds to die it was a very cheap affair or they recovered but what happened when they recovered there was no destruction of the heart lungs and they could go back and work a young person as if theyd never been ill but if they died there was a very young family a young wife needing financial independence that was given to them by you with a life insurance policy really its a death insurance policy thats what it is now the medical profession responded to this state of affairs and created antibiotics i can assure you today that if you die of pneumonia you can sue your doctor with the greatest of thought that youll get paid and theyve developed vaccination and immunization so the infective conditions are no longer causes of death you see now that the most common cause of death is what they call the of diseases resulting from degenerate lifestyles and im very proud and im very proud to tell you that although i come from south africa and you might not think im very intelligent as you sit here down here and there i can sign your death certificate already fifty percent of you will die of heart attacks twenty plus will die of cancer and ten percent will die of strokes and its getting worse why does this happen longer life expectancy your life expectancy as a male today is seventy four years and for the females of the species and we love them your life expectancy is eighty years isnt it amazing so what we doctors gave you you developed this lifestyle you should thank your doctor thank you for curing my pneumonia and now im going to abuse my body im going to smoke too much im going to smoke too much im going to drink too much im not going to do enough exercise im going to put on too much weight im going to stress myself too much and i can talk to you five days about those conditions if youre going to insurance think then just think with me back have you seen that you remember this man he thinks hes thin for a merry christmas test the health of your eggs you could just as well say the same for him death in a box but it is a and now the next advert with him now the next advert is even better more doctors smoke camels than any other cigarette can you just imagine me advertising that today i would be shot before dawn now whats happened because of this debilitative lifestyle it has developed two types of condition the wonderful arteriosclerosis and the wonderful cancer who will get this arteriosclerosis as you sit here let me tell you again if you just born youre free at the age of five fifteen percent is attacked at the age of eight its forty percent and eight of you over forty congratulations youre all got arteriosclerosis all of you now what is arteriosclerosis its a deposit in the arteries of fat it looks the english breakfast fixing it up for thats what and if you if you want to look at an xray you will see that the arteries of the body those are the arteries bring the blood supply is blocked with arteriosclerosis and there you can see the english breakfast the yolk of egg the butter and all these things that are in there causing a blockage of the artery not enough to that muscle and a heart attack death and all these unbelievable things that give me a little bit of income i had a very serious patient er the other day and i treated him and gave him six months to live but at the end of six months he didnt pay his account so i gave him another six months now god in his wisdom unfortunately unfortunately blocked the most important arteries of the body not the arteries to your toenails or the tip of your nose but the arteries to what we call the vital organs the coronary arteries heart heart attack carotid arteries stroke aorta aortic surge renal arteries free kidney failure these are what blocked arteries can do can you hear the dread disease conditions entry there now what happens when your arteries get blocked is that you get a pain in the chest a piece of your heart dies if you have a heart attack or the whole heart dies off and you have death one of the easiest diagnoses in my profession there are more than a hundred and fifty thousand heart attacks in your country every year thats not true dont you believe it its more than three hundred th three hundred thousand that was the slide of approximately eight years ago its a galloping form of death due to modern lifestyles thats the brain thats a stroke the brain is a very sensitive part of the body and as you know in this very topic of debate if the brain dont get enough blood er for three minutes youve got permanent brain damage and the only occupation thats suitable is that of a politician there are more than a hundred thousand stroke victims in your country every year kidney disease ten thousand new five thousan ten thousand total five hundred new cases thats a beautiful slide of carcinoma of the rectum just to give the r the carcinomas especially for you carcinoma of the lung as we say in africaans weaker thats nice thats what you get from smoking there are more than two hundred and forty thousand people in the united states who die of cancer every year and thats the quickest hospital because weve responded again in the medical profession do what you have done abusing your bodies we said if you want to abuse your bodies were going to take every bloody pound you have in your pocket away with you with the most modern medical treatment bowels heartlung machines that a machine that i can use when youre put in a heartlung machine i stop this machine i keep this machine going and i take out your heart and your your heart i drop it on the floor pick it up wash in parmolive soap and put it back again all these things i can do to prevent death young babies baby are there days of care and look what we get isnt it amazing are you going to be sure that that money is available to provide for this isnt that beautiful isnt that the most beautiful photo youve ever seen in your life no applause no cheers you know thats made to feel here this is its your heart ladies and gentlemen with a normal heart muscle now when you abuse your bodies and you get the coronary artery disease what happens that heart becomes looking like that it looks like its been on the m twenty five on a friday night and every tyres been over it now that normal heart you saw you saw that normal heart i would ask you if it was in a twenty five four year old man do you think that man is alive or dead yes hes dead he was killed in a motor car accident and the heart of that thats been on the m twenty five is the patient alive or dead twenty two years later and there he spends with the was our eight heart transplant patient sam says before he had his heart attacks he had five six ill have to change the story twenty two years later and there he spends with the he was our eighth heart transplant patient sam says before he had his heart attacks he had five six ill have to change the story he has a heart transplant he developed diabetes and hes later amputated do you know when he comes down here he complains about this its like my when he was eighty they asked him how do you feel if i think of the alternative i feel bloody wellbut but it is very serious he has one complaint every time he comes and sees us whats that money this operation and this threat to his health has created a lack of possible to regenerate the money needed for him and his financial independence has been threatened you from the insurance industry twenty five years after heart attacks when he should have died despite the modern medicine after twenty three years after the heart transplant eight years after osmosis i want to give you his secret guess what hes got hes got a life insurance policy its amazing and that life insurance policy to him is of no help he needed something new because we in the medical profession in responding to your new diseases from the abuse of your body have created the situation that youve got to insure yourself that financially independence not because youre going to die but because youre going to live and that is the way that we develop the concept of great living insurance creating these insurance to die is the number one need for financial independence because we as doctors are going to spread the news with our modern lifestyles because unlike the pneumonia patient youre not going to recover and go back to work unlike the the heart transplant as the heart transplant or the heart attack or the cancer patient maybe at our expense invest money give you an example if any of the you i challenge to go to your bank manager tomorrow and say to him ive had a heart attack im not going to pay my loan of a hundred thousand pounds do you know what happens hell get a heart attack thats what happens thats just the things we do with the coronary arteries we do coronary artery by passes i can i can sew like any woman i can darn your socks we stick the veins on and we reestablish the the heart going a bit faster now three hundred thousand men and women suffer heart attacks each year in your country but many will survive think about the word survive before i tell you what does that mean survive we as doctors say were so bloody wonderful you know were very important were so wonderful our patients survive if he drops dead when he gets out of hospital we no longer care about him as long as he survived who is going to survive seventy seven percent will survive five years fifty eight percent survive ten years and forty seven survive thirty years and we are improving we are the miracle men have decided that youre not allowed to die let us promise you you are not allowed to die any more we are going to s to improve our treatment and youre going to survive but with daily increasing threat to that financial dependence that youve so keenly want that you want for your loved ones do you want see your isnt that beautiful have you seen anything like that thats the lungs i wish i could talk longer because id like to tell you about the lungs but er times still a twenty four year old woman came to see me for treatment on the ward a smoker i had to investigate her and i diagnosed that she had cancer of the lungs theres someone out already she came to see me a year later total loss of weight total short of breath hardly shes struggling to keep body and soul together she says to me i cannot continue shes dead already i will never forget her face never now what would have happened if her broker came to this convention and heard about their disease and two years ago sold her a disease policy that would have given her two hundred thousand pounds on the diagnosis of the disease that little girl had to struggle on because the flat rent had to be paid she had to struggle on because she had a car kids had to go to school until she died now if she had two hundred thousand pounds what would it have given her she could have stopped working she could have spent quality time with her children if it happens to me i will say ill take that two hundred thousand and go to hollywood and spend the night with madonna that would have been my choice it would have been madonnas choice too by the way thirty percent of all people in your country your country suffer from a condition called cancer and ninety percent will be life threatening how long they survive if you look at my age im a male thirty fiveforty seven percent forty percent will survive at least er five years if you look at the chairman here this afternoon sixty four twenty nine percent will survive but on the whole of the diagnoses of cancers made today more than fifty percent will survive more than five years have you ever seen a person with cancer of the lung cancer of the stomach have you seen what their survival means its a slow progression to unableness to perform their daily needs especially to start with the threat to the person of opportunities to greater income only crystal will pay up on the diagnosis and make it possible like samuel statedin a woman suffered strokes seventy eight percent will survive at least one have you ever seen a person with a stroke have you ever seen a person with a stroke its not only the patient who lies there paralysed and unable to talk and unable to move it involves his whole family his whole family is locked into caring working wives have to give up work to come and help them theres a clue theres a clue for the need of insurance not because youre going to die but because youre going to live and that is the reason why im prepared to cross this world i dont ask you to sell better ladies and gentlemen i dont ask you to sell itself for certain companies id like you to but i dont what i ask you and i insist that for a great tomorrow for my patients you tell them about it just tell them about this product what it can do and i assure you of the results you never have to tell a person whos had a heart attack you never need to tell a woman when her husband has a stroke i have to help me give me that great tomorrow by enough financial security look at what weve done to each other er to ourselves in the young in nineteen hundred eight percent of people had heart attacks six percent strokes cancer four percent total eighteen percent and now with the way that the human take it to the medical profession for giving them a longer life expectancy thirty percent of people are diseased twenty one cancer and nine percent strokes it varies from cancer in world statistics you must watch our statistics in america its been shown that statistically that men have got more children than women so be very careful with statistics this is the figure of your country i think are very significant of the reduction of death rates of people are getting higher and higher and the time thats spent through illness off work and theres an increase in survival after the diagnosis of the dread disease ladies and gentlemen thats why im very proud ive been very lucky im not being charitable but ive a lot of luck ive been lucky to be able to launch the first concept of dread disease insurance in south africa you might have heard about us its called living assurance launched august ninety eight for standard life assurance and wallace when we changed the concept of insurance totally and we have said that the sum assured will be paid out on the diagnosis of the disease and not on death or anything else we then created the first product which heart attacks strokes cancers and certain coronary artery disease which i can see i believe you can see why first of it its most common and second to coronary artery disease im a cardiac surgeon i want my piece of the action too so we keep as well we have a lot of privacies and a lot of things until we change them and you know why we changed it because you went out and saw your clients and told them products and they reported you and you came back and said but what about this what about this and we responded to the need that you and i dont think you will ever appreciate it i cannot thank you enough for your input in this product of yours you made it what it is until we increase it by surgery for disease of aorta renal failure therapy for blindness replacement of a heart valve and organ transplant and then the danger of lungs and in which i do quite well and you can say to us and we earn it multiple sclerosis and any terminal illness why any terminal illness just in case somebody escape that net of dread diseases the lucky ones if your doctors says that youre going die within twelve months we will accept it as a diagnosis of a critical illness erm we are getting through on that are you going to suggest on it we are going to improve and produce what i believe the optimum product eventually and you know it its amazing how since my involvement for the last two years in great britain all the problems that you have with critical illness all the problems all those things about definitions standardisation and all that do you know what they said its not justified tell that to the young farmer of thirty four with a dread disease his policy when we pay him two hundred thousand pounds in his hospital bed say to him its not justified on his policy i want the money back it seems that it is not clarification of definition tell that to the woman who looked for two thirteen years after a stroke husband and they had to wait for his death that you didnt sell him a dread disease policy because there is not clarification of definition tell the young mother whose child has just received fifteen thousand pounds after the diagnosis of leukaemia that you shouldnt have filled the policy because the contexts where not standardised no ladies and gentlemen dread disease insurance is a success because its needed today and tomorrow and it works what does it do and then ill finish and ill summarise if you want me to come back ill speak for another five hours what does it do think about it very careful it attains to the threat of loss of own ability the person has his financial independence threatened by disease is helped by the dread disease insurance compare it with life insurance death insurance it accelerates the payout by one day two days ten days thirty days of the death plan because it pays out on the condition thats going to be the cause of the death and not on the death so it accelerates death so death insurance dread disease insurance go to much will do it far better just quicker thats all we can do inability to work permanent disability it accelerates permanent disability because ninety five percent of the conditions that cause the disability will pay out years before you have a disability i am would claim now for a man who has a disability claim his accountant said that my stroke is weakening his left arm hes righthanded he can speak with a bit of slurring so what he says hes got loss of memory without a stroke i have that as well so that makes no difference he comes and he wants disability he is not disabled and yet he makes like he never would have the diagnosis of disability recognised but dread disease insurance recognised his condition long before disability and finally what does the dread disease insurance do it does something even more wonderful it accelerates critical illness diagnosis by paying out on the disabling condition like loss of limb where it creates a situation where the permanent person get paid out even before he has a critical condition because that condition threatens his chances of paying his daily needs due to financial independence and to continue ladies and gentlemen i dont think you know where i come from ive got illiterate parents you might say that you can see that my father was a missionary had come from a dusty little town in south africa ive got many wonderful experiences in my life ive had experience of heart transplant ive the experience of being in a political party that says one man one vote release mandela and all these things that we were nearly shot for today they let prisoners of south africa say it its amazing but i was also involved in an insurance policy that has been made available for my patients when they have that worst moment in their lives youve got cancer youve had a stroke to know that in this threat to whats going to happen to them they at least have financial independence i believe that creates the great tomorrow life is not only quantity its quality as well you have that choice that chance to do that for my patients and i tell you to be with you to be part of you im as a i learn for you i think of you and i can just tell you i wish you all the best but i wont forget your responsibility to help the medical profession to make with the work they do for a better tomorrow possible due to your work your hard attempts to give that financial ability through the best insurance policies on the market today god bless you everything of the best thank you very much would you like to take a five minute stretch whilst before we continue right nitrous acid nitrous acid is a chemical compound it is a weak acid its chemical formula is hno2 it is unstable it is made by reacting a strong acid with sodium nitrite it is a light blue solution it breaks down to make nitric oxide nitrogen dioxide and water when it is concentrated nitrogen dioxide can be reacted with water to make a mixture of nitrous acid and nitric acid it is used to make chemicals ganymede mythology in greek mythology ganymede or ganymedes ganymēdēs was an extremely handsome youth homer said he was the most beautiful of all mortals he was born a prince of troy his parents were king tros from whose nametroyis derived and queen callirrhoe daughter of the river god scamander when zeus began lusting for the boy he went down to earth in the form of an eagle and took him up to mount olympus there ganymede was made immortal he served as the cupbearer of the gods to remember this event zeus placed ganymede into the sky as the constellation aquarius ganymede the largest and most massive of all jupiters moons was named after this mythological figure south african english south african english is a dialect of english spoken in south africa english is the main language of business school and government in south africa and is used for daytoday communication it along with afrikaans and 9 other native languages is an official language of south africa it uses british english spelling and sounds similar to australian english and new zealand english there are many south african slang words too which come from afrikaans and native languages
oakland mississippi oakland is a town in yalobusha county mississippi united states list of rivers of iran this is a list of the rivers in iran they are arranged geographically by river basin from west to east juju juju fr joujou is a word used to describe fetish beliefs and practices the word juju is inspired by the french word joujou which meansplaythingor toy juju includes use of dolls other fetishes and seeking for omens or consulting oracles etc hip hop soul hip hop soul is a subgenre of hip hop contemporary rampb soul and new jack swing characteristics hip hop soul first started as a genre that fused hip hop with soul music some of the best songs of hip hop soul includeill make love to youlonelyswim goodandcant be without you it was very popular at first then it began to lose commercial success because of its late sexual lyrics and dark themes list of historians this is a list of historians the names are grouped by order of the historical period in which they were writing which is not necessarily the same as the period in which they specialised chroniclers and annalists though they are not historians in the true sense are also listed here for convenience
windsor place missouri windsor place is a village in cooper county missouri united states leers leers is a commune it is in the nord department in northern france wild turkey the wild turkey meleagris gallopavo is the name of the more common of the two species of turkey this large bird is found across much of the united states and southern canada wild turkeys prefer hardwood and mixed coniferhardwood forests with scattered openings such as pastures fields orchards and seasonal marshes they can adapt to any dense plant community so long as there is cover and openings to fly out open mature forests with a variety of tree species seem to be best thedomesticated turkeyhas been tamed and bred from wild turkeys by people to raise on farms telemetry telemetry also known as telematics is a technology that allows measurements to be taken from far away usually this means that an operator can give commands to a machine over a telephone wire or wireless internet from far away and the computer can report back with the measurements it takes livigno livigno is acomunein the province of sondrio in the italian region of lombardy it is in the italian alps near the swiss border
meximieux meximieux is a commune it is found in the region auvergnerhônealpes in the ain department in the east of france dkny dkny donna karan new york is the label of fashion designer donna karan gelderner fleuth gelderner fleuth is a river of north rhinewestphalia germany it flows into the niers near geldern labialvelar consonant a labialvelar consonant is a sound produced by saying a bilabial sound and a velar sound a the same time for example as in watch is a labialvelar consonant labialvelar sounds are different from labialised velar sounds for example is labialvelar but is labialised velar wormhole a wormhole is a theoretical passage through space creating a shortcut through time and space it is not known whether or not they exist scientists believe that if wormholes existed they could not be made following any traditional scientific methods in order to hold a wormhole open a form of theoretical exotic matter would be needed otherwise the wormhole would simply disappear very quickly after its creation if plotted on a 2dimensional plane the wormhole bends the plane like folding a paper so that the two ends would be touching as seen in the picture the term wormhole was first used by john wheeler a theoretical physicist it is also known as an einsteinrosen bridge a wormhole is much like a tunnel with two ends each in separate points in space time researchers have no observational evidence for wormholes wormholes are a common element in science fiction because they allow rapid interstellar intergalactic and sometimes even interuniversal travel in fiction wormholes have also served as a method for time travel this popular fiction allows interstellar travel within human lifetimes this would allow time travel also a popular fiction a proposed timetravel machine using a traversable wormhole would hypothetically work in the following way one end of the wormhole is accelerated to some significant fraction of the speed of light perhaps with some advanced propulsion system and then brought back to the point of origin alternatively another way is to take one entrance of the wormhole and move it to within the gravitational field of an object that has higher gravity than the other entrance and then return it to a position near the other entrance for both of these methods time dilation causes the end of the wormhole that has been moved to have aged less or becomeyounger than the stationary end as seen by an external observer however time connects differentlythroughthe wormhole thanoutsideit so that synchronized clocks at either end of the wormhole will always remain synchronized as seen by an observer passing through the wormhole no matter how the two ends move around
anglade anglade is a commune it is in the region aquitaine in the gironde department in the southwest of france shape of the universe the shape of the universe cannot be discussed with everyday terms because all the terms need to be those of einsteinian relativity the geometry of the universe is therefore not the ordinary euclidean geometry of our everyday lives according to the special theory of relativity it is impossible to say whether two distinct events occur at the same time if those events are separated in space to speak ofthe shape of the universe at a point in timeis naive from the point of view of special relativity due to the relativity of simultaneity we cannot speak of different points in space as beingat the same point in timenor therefore ofthe shape of the universe at a point in time what astrophysicists do is ask whether a particular model of the universe is consistent with what is known through observations and measurements of the universe if the observable universe is smaller than the entire universe in some models it is many orders of magnitude smaller or even infinitesimal observation is limited to a part of the whole consideration of the shape of the universe can be split into twoltbrgt the observable universe is the basis for testing any model of the universe it is a spherical volume a ball centered on the observer regardless of the shape of the universe as a whole every location in the universe has its own observable universe which may or may not overlap with the one centered on earth recent measurements have led nasa to statewe now know that the universe is flat with only a 04 margin of error within one model the flrw model the present most popular shape of the universe found to fit observational data is the infinite flat model there are other models that also fit the data downey idaho downey is a city in idaho in the united states salat aljanazah salat aljanazah is the funeral prayer held by muslims before the burial but after the shrouding of the body muslims do this so their soul can rise to allahthe people prying ask for forgiveness from allah to let te person go to heaven cazauxdanglès cazauxdanglès is a commune in the gers department it is in southwestern france
boana poaju boana poaju is a frog that lives in brazil york nebraska york is a city in nebraska in the united states it is the county seat of york county verssurselle verssurselle is a commune it is in hautsdefrance in the somme department in north france périgny périgny is the name of several communes in france voiceless alveolopalatal fricative the voiceless alveolopalatal fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages it is not in english but is similar to theshsound as inshape
conflanssuranille conflanssuranille is a commune it is found in the region pays de la loire in the sarthe department in the west of france martinsburg missouri martinsburg is a city in audrain county missouri united states dealership a dealership is a type of business which sells certain items these items may include automobiles boats other vehicles manufactured homes or appliances car dealerships are a very common form of dealership the often sell either new or used automobiles they will often also provide repairs to vehicles new car dealerships most often only sell and repair vehicles from a specific maker used car dealership will often sell vehicles from many different makers and are less likely to provide repairs jack plane a jack plane is the most commonly used general purpose plane it is about long the blade is slightly curved for quick removal of material on rough work it is also used in oblique planning scripps ranch san diego california scripps ranch is a suburb of san diego california it is home to the ew scripps mansion
uelzen district uelzen is a district landkreis in lower saxony germany the ilmenau river has its source in the district claro claro may mean stol stol refers to short takeoff and landing aircraft they only need a short runway for takeoff and landing this type of aircraft is made to use short runways for take off and landing in high altitudes hilly regions and remote areas an stol aircraft has a large wing for its weight these wings often use aerodynamic devices like flaps slots slats and vortex generators typically an stol aircraft has lower maximum speed but good payload lifting the payload is critical because many small isolated communities rely on stol aircraft for their transport link to the outside world american river the american river is a river in northern california in the united states it is a tributary of the sacramento river the river starts in the sierra nevada and flows west through the city of sacramento the river is long with a watershed of folsom dam and folsom lake are located on the american river east of sacramento wavranssurternoise wavranssurternoise is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france
simpson county simpson county is the name of two counties in the united states baboon baboons are monkeys of the genus papio they are one of the largest kinds of monkey it is an intelligent old world monkey it lives on the ground in groups called troops troops can be as small as a few baboons or as big as several hundred members distribution baboons live in forests and on savannahs in africa and on the arabian peninsula as they move into the open land the family groups come together into groups several hundred strong led by adult males that work together to protect the others from predators diet baboons are omnivores they eat both plants and meat they eat grasses roots insects and other small animals like lizards small mammals fish birds and snakes in some places they steal food from humans predators leopards cheetahs african wild dogs lions hyenas and people hunt the baboon to scare the predator away baboons can show their eyelids show their teeth chase the predator and make noise to understand their lives one must see them in their natural environment oneinch boy the oneinch boy or issunbōshi is a character in a japanese fairy tale the story begins with an old childless couple who live alone the elderly woman wishes for a child even though shes old eventually a son was born to them but their son was only an inch 25 centimetres tall they named the miniature child issunbōshi the old couple takes good care of him even though he is small one day issun finds out he will never grow so he goes on a trip to seek his place in the world he thinks he might become a good warrior so issunbōshi is given a sewing needle for a sword a soup bowl for a boat and chopsticks for oars he sails down river to the city where he asks for a job with the government and goes to the home of a richdaimyolord whose daughter is an attractive princess they say no because he is so tiny but give him a job entertaining the princess while they travel together they are attacked by a big monster that swallows issunboshi the boy defeats the monster by pricking him from within with his needlesword the monster spits out issunboshi and drops a magical uchides mallet as he runs away as a reward for his bravery the princess uses the power of the mallet to make him grow issunbōshi and the princess stay friends and get married later lumbini zone lumbini was a zone of nepal it was in the western development region it is the birth place of gautama buddha who became the founder of buddhism significance of lumbini lumbini is one of the holiest place of buddhists the original name of gautama buddha was sidhhartha gautama lumbini is in the terai region of nepal lumbini has been listed on the unesco world heritage site it is also a significant pilgrimage for buddhists interesting places the most sacred place to go in lumbini is the mayadevi temple mayadevi is the name of lord buddhas mother one can also see the inscriptions on the ashoka pillar which say that the buddha was born in lumbini other than that there are many other stupas built by countries like china japan myanmar sri lanka germany and so on there is also a museum where people can see and learn about the ancient history of lumbini and gautama budhha there are many other fascinating sites in lumbini which makes it one of the important districts of nepal it is also a touristic site as many tourists come and visit there lumbini is most visited by buddhists from all over the world many monks do their prayers everyday kirchhain kirchhain is a town in hesse germany
serbăuţi serbăuţi is a commune found in suceava county romania it has two villages călineşti and şerbăuţi petropedetidae petropedetinae are a subfamily of frogs they are placed in the true frog family ranidae by many authors some think at least part of this group are a distinct family petropedetidae the cacosterninae and phrynobatrachinae are then separated as subfamilies they may even be distinct families cacosternidae and phrynobatrachidae most members of this subfamily are in the genusphrynobatrachus these frogs mostly live in subsaharan africa this group of frogs is made up from the following genera redistribution of income and wealth redistribution of income and wealth is the moving of income and money from people with higher income to people from lower income through several means pis pis is a commune in the gers department it is in southwestern france sulfurous acid sulfurous acid is a weak acid with the chemical formula h2so3 it is produced by dissolving sulfur dioxide in water bases deprotonate remove the hydrogen ion it to produce sulfites it tends to turn back into sulfur dioxide and water again it is a weak reducing agent
list of manchester united fc players the list of manchester united fc players is evolving the history of the team is created by its players manchester united fc is an english premier league club in manchester demeter demeter attic greek dēmḗtēr doric dāmā tēr is the goddess of the harvest and agriculture in ancient greek religion and myth one of the twelve olympians the elder sister of zeus demeter presided over grains and the fertility of the earth she served as the patron goddess of farmers and was believed to have taught men how to reap and cultivate the harvest by zeus she is the mother of persephone the wife of hades and queen of the underworld both she and persephone were central figures of the eleusinian mysteries a series of festivals held in honor of the two goddesses in the region of attica her symbols were the scythe cornucopia wheat bread and harvest grains and the pig and snake were her sacred animals her roman equivalent is ceres in greek mythology demeters daughter persephone was kidnapped by hades and made her bride demeter grieved the loss of her daughter bringing on a long famine eventually an accord was met by which persephone would spend part of the year underground and the rest above ground with her mother this cycle is the mythological explanation for the seasons popejoy iowa popejoy is a city in iowa in the united states cassiopeia cassiopeia or kassiopeia can mean cardinal direction cardinal directions or cardinal points are the four main directions or points of the compass north east south and west these direction are also written in short form as n e s and w north and south are directed towards the north and south poles of the earth the earths rotation defines east and west the sun rises in the morning in the east and sets in the afternoon in the west if a needle is magnetised and allowed to move freely for example floated on water it will align itself with the earths magnetic field which is almost in the same direction as north the direction of the needle in this situation is called magnetic north which in some places differs from the direction of the north pole by a few degrees cardinal directions in world cultures through history different cultures have given different values to each direction for example in old asian culture each direction is given a color as follows
just a second weve gotta rearrange the furniture slightly here erm im afraid the latecomers get the plastic chairs thats okay this is your punishment okay hope they wont be too uncomfortable erm wont you start again because youd only got a couple of minutes into it hadnt you start again well done excellent very clear and pretty complete account really of of what ive you to cover but it was quite a lot of ground erm she went over and er some of it may be less easy to understand than other bits any any questions to start off with yeah okay and can we go over what okayan and so what it said then was that ego ego is where all these things come together ya and that repression was a way of leaving the ego free of anxiety yes yes thats right i mean this is a good point is a good place to start actually because the the concept of the ego is the key to whole of this and the changed role of anxiety highlights the difference i think i think rather rather rather clearly what did freud think anxiety was in in what i call the first psychoanalytic revolution the first period the eighteen nineties what was his view of anxiety then well certainly sexual something specifically it was he regarded it as kind of transmuted libido but if if libido was aroused by for example seduction in childhood it could go nowhere it was repressed in the unconscious where it transformed itself by some kind of psychological chemistry into anxiety now clearly this theory has some problems i think you can see what they were but y i think you can also see the appeal of this to freud in that time because in the early years freuds model of the mind which is really what were talking about today was erm a kind of hydraulic one i mean th the the analogy that occurs to me is of a dam holding back a raging torrent the force of repression is like a great dam that holds back the raging torrents of the instincts of the unconscious and allows er some of them through but others break through in holes and holes and cracks appear which are the unconscious returning as one and what repression tries to do is to plug those holes and to keep the repressed repressed so this leads to a kind of erm stratigraphic view of the mind with the unconscious which is everything that is permanently excluded from conscious consciousness by repression the preconscious which is what is not currently conscious but is accessible to consciousness you can recall it in other words and the conscious is what youre presently aware of so that very simple view of the mind fits with this an idea of anxiety as forced back into the unconscious and then changing sorry as as libido being forced back into the unconscious and then changing into anxiety now thats what this kind of hydrographic or stratigraphic view in the nineteen twenties as was telling us freud developed this famous model and there in order to understand this model well lets put it this way i think the easiest way to understand it is to start from the ego its a kind of egocentric model not in the everyday sense of egocentric that is selfish but egocentric in the sense that it starts with ego as its reference point now what is the ego in this technical freudian sense i mean we all know what it is in everyday life well lets start with the everyday meaning what is it in everyday life if you say someones got a big ego what do you mean s er excellent yes very good way of putting it erm a sense for themselves okay what does ego mean as a technical term in freuds second model of the mind who would like to define all this has already but could anybody gi give it in their own words thats certainly part of it everything that is conscious is in the ego thats certainly true but is the ego wholly conscious no this is important er is right the the area of the mind that is open to for example sensory stimuli to your ears and eyes touch and so on things that youre conscious of is in your ego however your ego also en encompasses a larger unconscious part so you can immediately see that it would be quite wrong to make the mistake that people sometimes do make and think that the second model of the mind is really just the first one given new terms and that the ego is equivalent to the conscious it isnt completely equivalent everything thats conscious is in the ego but not everything that is in the ego is conscious in other words the ego is more than just consciousness so it goes beyond the original definition of the conscious that we talked about when we when we did that so what else is there apart from what was talking about what else have we to say about ego yes but how does it do that can you elaborate that a bit thats a bit vague how does it do this assimilating what in particular does it well it seems to be the place where every erm every source every mental or cognitive psychological source seems to and then juggle yes thats that that is quite true the another analogy that i find is quite useful for the ego is erm captain kirk on the bridge of the enterprise okay when you watch star trek as im sure you all do none of you watch serious television im sure erm er jim is jim is sitting on in er on the flight deck of the enterprise and he is the guy who has to make all the decisions this is the great thing about star trek poor old jim always has to make the decision because he is in command okay the buck stops where jim is sitting and thats what the ego has to do the ego as says is open to the outside world and furthermore to stimulations from inside from inside the body that reach it through subjective sensations like hunger when you need food or fear when something threatens you and cognitive er awareness like er okay you realize that before you have your lunch youre gonna have to go to the bank to get some money to pay for it these all these things are directed as says to the ego and the ego can be thought of as a decision making agency thats the clearest simplest function of the ego in this freudian model of the mind its the managerial agency freud talks about the ego as an agency a psychological agency just as we would talk about say er a social agency you might say like the law courts here you know you might say whatre the law courts er as associated in what they they do the answer is that they dispense justice or theyre supposed to although in britain im afraid only sometimes erm so you could say what does the psychological agency the ego do whats his function and freuds answer to that is its fundamental function is decision making you could regard it as that part of the personality which is contr in control of voluntary thought and movement now clearly not everything that goes on in the body or mind is voluntary for example we cannot voluntarily control our heartbeat or basic bodily functions like that those are under automatic control and they go on even when our ego is nonfunctional as when were asleep but an awful lot of things we can control by volunt voluntary movement our arms and legs and so on and we can control our thoughts we can consciously direct our attention to certain things and think about them and all of these functions are carried on by the ego this is the decision making the command giving part of the mind and this is why as rightly said freud regarded the all the other agencies and forces as being into the ego so the ego was as it were the command centre of the of the erm of the personality er again if anybodys seen that very amusing film by erm woody allen whats it called er everything you always wanted to know about sex but w were afraid to ask has anybody seen that film do you remember the scene where erm er theyre inside somebodys body do you remember this and hes about to make love and the the er theres mission control do you remember that and then theres other scenes down in the body and theyre getting all ready and theres also some horror scenes of the stomach arent there where th hes having dinner with the lady first the guys in the stomach are trying to deal with all this awful stuff thats coming up but anyway this is a very amusing film but but the idea of mission control is the concept of the ego where it is portrayed in a very amusing way in this film by woody allen that the consciousness woody allens consciousness is portrayed as mission control at houston erm and er erm it that particular scene ends with er when er control erm mission control sends a message down to the lower parts of the body i wont mention which says were going around again boys and they think oh my god theyre very amusing anyway so thats thats the ego thats the idea of the ego now we shouldn we shouldnt get carried away however by this er focus on its managerial agencies agency and think that everything it does in this respect is conscious because a lot of the processes that occur in the ego are actually not conscious so this is a major complication and i think this shows why freud had to introduce this second model of the mind because in his first model of the mind it was very simple and repression was the force that distinguished conscious from unconscious but what that model didnt really explain was why repression operated and what controlled repression now in the second model of the mind what controls repression what sets repression in force what directs repression which agency erm yes thats correct er but but and there are two buts here the but is the superego is a part of the ego so we have to er before we go on to the superego lets just say for the time being that repression is directed by the ego itself now the complication comes when we notice that there are parts of the ego that are not conscious and of course the process of repression is not conscious youre not aware of the fact that youre repressing things if you are that is not what the technical term repression means in psychoanalysis that is what we might call suppression i mean you may be on a diet and see a wonderful cream cake and consciously resist temptation to eat it well that is suppression you are consciously suppressing your ego is consciously making a decision not to do something even though you know you want to do it thats suppression repression would be looking at the cream cake and saying im not in the least bit interested how revolting disgusting even though you actually unconsciously want it very much and of course that kind of thing can happen okay yes yes but taking place in the unconscious mind th thats the thing you must remember now er reminded me of the next thing really i ought to have got on to in the term the only term we needed to explain the whole structure of conscious unconscious preconscious was repression and we saw that repression was really a key concept now however freud expands that concept as well and interestingly enough he goes back to the first term he used for repression what was does anybody know what the first term was what did freud call it first time round in the this would be in the late eighteen eighties yeswh in his first papers in hysteria he didnt call repression repression he used another term can anybody recall i did mention it at lectures but well he called it defence one of his first papers was called the neuro psychoses of defence and defence meant fending something away from consciousness what he later called repression in the nineteen twenties freud returned to this concept of defence as as has just said with the concept of defence mechanism and anna freud was to write the famous book called the ego and the mechanisms of defence now what are the mechanisms of defence and what have they got to do with the ego first question first what are the mechanisms of defence well you used the term would you like to could you give an example yes thats right thats a good example the the mechanisms of defence are a concept which overlaps and to some extent replaces repression it doesnt re re replace repression completely because of course repression is the prime and in many ways fundamental mechanism of defence because what defence mechanisms do is is as says is fend the unconscious off from the conscious and that is as we know repression but what freud had realized by the nineteen twenties was that there are lots of different ways of doing that and has given one example another example wh which one cant help feeling one often meets in people in universities is rationalization the construction of elaborate intellectual er defences which stop people having to think about things which might cause them anxiety by elaborate rationalization so erm if you ask them why they dont do a certain thing you get a very very elaborate argument about it which is often very difficult to er to er criticize or or or attack another one would be reaction formation turning something into its opposite as i mentioned earlier you want to eat a cream cake you think yuk cream cakesre disgusting so there you turn the desire for something lovely into the opposite er yuk hateful er reaction formation thats a very common one and there are lots of them in fact anna freud in her book the ego and the mechanism gives a list and i cant remember how many terms there are on the list seventeen and since then people have discovered more and in a sense the list is more or less limitless the point to remember however is that these mechanisms occur unconsciously theyre things the ego does to defend itself from anxiety and from and the result of which is to force things into the unconscious so repression its not that freud dropped the concept of repression but that he elaborated it and made it much more sophisticated and the mechanisms of defence are the means you could say theyre the means by which er repression erm comes about erm another example for instance that sticks in my mind because anna freud explained this to me is isolation er she explained to me a case she had analyzed where she anna freud was quite certain that some of the symptoms of the woman she was analyzing went back to infantile masturbation the woman denied that this had ever happened quite vehemently and anna freud had great difficulty in suggesting to her that it might have happened and then one day the the lady in the course of her associations described an activity she had often indulged in in childhood and she had given a certain name to it and i cant remember what the name was now something like fiddling i mean fiddling is too obvious it wasnt that but it was something like that an ordinary everyday term like that and she said thats what i call you see and anna freud said okay thats what you called it but supposing we had to look what youve just described up in a dictionary what word would be found and the woman thought for a minute and suddenly she realized and she said er you know gosh thats masturbation isnt it and anna freud said yes it is now this woman had always been aware of the as a child she had always known it it hadnt be unconscious in the sense shed forgotten it but it had been isolated it has been given a new name and ca unfortunately i cant remember what it was but it was it was completely er innocuous the name was the term she used was totally innocuous and because it had that name she didnt link it up to other terms like masturbation or whatever so it was kept isolated in her consciousness and other other ideas werent allowed to touch it and very often this is how repression works in actual practice you could find an analysis that very often the things that have been repressed have not been repressed in the sense that theyve been totally submerged from your consciousness and totally forgotten without any trace but what often happens is theyve become isolated or or divorced from their context in your memory so you remember them but they dont have any significance because you dont link it up with an emotion or with a situation or with other er ideas theyre kind of isolated so isolation is quite a common defence mechanism particularly in obsessionals whore very good at isolation and er this is probably one of the reasons why as says they like ritualization and theyre very very tidy about obsessionals are very good at dividing up their minds as it were but theyre not necessarily divided up in the sense of conscious and unconscious very often theyre theyre kind of divided up in this isolated way so erm the mechanisms of defence are the means that the ego uses to stop itself being worried by any anything that might seem to that might seem to throw them and another advantage of these mechanisms of defence is they apply to other inputs to the ego not just those from the er from the unconscious or from the organism itself but from the outside for example the denial is a defence mechanism that can be used against reality and is used by psychotics to great and often disastrous effect they simply deny things in the real world they dont want to recognize okay so thats is everybody getting a feel now for for mechanisms of defence yeah in all in all system you know we have er the preconscious and the unconscious yeah so and we were repressing repression was pushing into the unconscious so does the unconscious still exist as a place where we repress everything yes it does i think what we have to say is that the term unconscious is is still used by freud of course and is still very useful and it it describes er if you like erm a relationship between levels of consciousness the superego model doesnt do that as weve seen because a lot of the ego is unconscious as well as all of the conscious being ego what it does is talk about psychological agencies so what weve got here is two overlapping er models of the mind if you like but theyre somewhat different models one is in terms of er levels of consciousness the other is in terms of agencies that do things they overlap but theyre to some extent slightly different criteria does that yeah so the new one doesnt replace the old one it doesnt replace one it overlaps it it overlaps it and this is confusing i mean i must admit it is confusing and even even s writers in the psychoanalytic literature get confused by this because sometimes they they er dont see that to some extent the two systems are overlapping and to some extent theyre about di slightly different things okay we weve talked about the ego er what about the id whats the id i didnt understand that yeah it does mean something what di what does the word id mean its not an english term its a latin term what does it mean in latin it yes and in german the german for for it used was das es e s is the german pronoun for it third person singular pronoun it and in german freud just says das es the it as it were freuds english translators er attempted to latinize for him make it more kind of medical they introduced some ridiculous terms like which is pure gobbledegook and is not found in freud f er the terms of freuds which correspond to those are not er observed latinisms like that unfortunately they did it to to er these terms as well so they turned das es the it into id which is latin for it but were lumbered with it now and i dont think we can change it i mean its a pity its a pity it wasnt just translated the it it wouldve been better but erm i think that these terms have now become so widely known theres theres no way of changing it back although erm i dont think i like i never use that term and i hope it passes over its just ridiculous erm okay so so thats what what the term now what does it mean erm could you hazard a description or definition of the id or das es i d yeah in a way thats true yes but theres a bit more to it than that it certainly is everything that has been fended off by the ego so to that extent it it corresponds more closely to erm to the unconscious in the first model of the mind remember we said that the unconscious was everything that was either primarily unconscious could never become conscious or had been forced into the unconscious by th by means of repression well the id is does represent the total unconscious that has been repressed not the unconscious part of the ego of course which is doing the repression this is regarded as a separate agency but nevertheless everything that has been repressed into the unconscious is in the id so to that extent youre right what else would we expect to find in this id yes the instinctual thats right this is a very good portrayal of it is giving us the instinctive the the er everything that has been excluded from consciousness consciousness and and the ego operate on the basis of what freud called the secondary process now the secondary process was that basically logical realistical thinking its the kind of thinking you want to completely dominate your activities when youre writing exam answers okay clear lucid logical erm remembering facts open to reality lucid thats the secondary principle in the unconscious and the id the primary principle so the primary principle is actually the opposite of that its irrational its illogical it can think er six impossible things before breakfast and not have the slightest difficulty with it its a kind of alice in wonderland world of er of of extremes of opposites and the primary process can tolerate these contradictions er with complete ease it doesnt er its not bothered by contradiction its not in the same tradition as as as the ego er an analogy that i think helps to make this clear is that the ego after all is a managerial agency now if youre charged with managing anything you have to make decisions and when you have to make a decision you cant have your cake and eat it youve either got to eat the cake in which case you no longer have the cake or you decide to preserve the cake in which case you cant eat it you cant do both at once in a real world where you face managerial decisions and you have to make a decision you can do one thing or a number of other things but you cant do them all at once its just not possible if you try to the result is a disaster now the id is not like that the id is not a managerial agency it does not have to make decisions it is not in contact with the real world and therefore it can have its cake and eat it it really doesnt bother the id so the id is a jumble of contradictions and the reason its a jumble of contradictions is that its not in contact with reality its a bit like political parties who have no hope of ever being elected making wild promises i mean of course they can they can make all sorts of wild promises and all kinds of crazy policies because they know theyll never be called upon to carry them out if however you get elected and you then have to carry out your policies then of course you face the real world and the you cant have your cake and eat it problem let us see how bill bill clinton fares in this true er my guess is not all of his promises will will turn out to be realizable and thats thats thats what the ego is like the ego to use another analogy er i use is like the president of the united states the ego is the executive agency the id could be regarded as something like the congress as o which er seen as a as a large mass of conflicting demands you know therere people in congress want all kinds of different things and they cant all have them at once but that doesnt stop them all wanting them is isnt the id ever conscious no for example theres a piece of cake in front of us and and you know you just want it so badly and you just eat it or even having sex anything i mean any desire that you have that you just follow yes without thought without i mean perhaps without even thinking of the consequences yes isnt that partially id well no you see whats happening there is is a a demand or a drive from the id is being gratified by the ego what freud would regard that as a situation in which the ego had surrendered to the id and said okay eat the cake and of course the ego has to do that i mean if youre gonna stay alive the ego has to take account of these internal demands the difference between the ego and id however is that if that is gonna happen in the real world there has to be a cake there for you to eat if the id is completely in control and in psychotics for example you often get the feeling the id is in control they will eat the cake even if its not there so theyll have an hallucination of eating the cake and say yummy isnt this cake lovely and you and i can see theres no cake there now that person is under the control of of of the id there the ego has become so fragmented and is so er erm sick as it were that the id has overwhelmed it and the reality sense is lost there perhaps you would say the id is beginning to dominate the ego but in accepting these extreme cases of of psychotics who are severely divorced from reality the what always happens is the id has to make a demand on the ego which then gratifies it the reward however well whats the reward what reward does the id give the ego when its gratified pleasure thats right the the the id rewards the ego as it were with a feeling of pleasure when its when its met its demand when it doesnt meet its demands the ego is likely to feel anxiety or discomfort or whatever it may be it certainly yeah they can be gratified too of course yes because oh yes because you see the ego is in charge of the voluntary muscles and these are the ones youve gotta use in aggressive behaviour so er er aggression again can be seen as a demand placed on the ego by the id or for erm release as it were when an ego erm goes and does something that that releases the aggression and if you cant do it er you know very often it it it shows itself in other ways like people stamp their feet or they begin to shake with rage when you cant do something you know you might actually kind of your whole body kind of starts to and that would be the ego as it were trying to express this this er drive from the id of course sometimes when that happens i mean the ego kind of gets carried away with it to some extent but thats all you know thats in the nature of the ego it is im afraid a rather compared with the id its a rather weak agency you know very often jim does things on the enterprise he doesnt want want to do you know but he just has to do them unfortunately well when it when it is irrational it is operating either under the influence of the id or its overwhelmed by some external circumstances that it just cant understand the controls therefore making all the wrong decisions and acting in a completely inadequate manner okay what about the third agency then the one we mentioned earlier er the superego again this is a latinism er whats it what was freuds original term in german does anybody know the ego was das auge the eye the id was das es the it whats the superego that is in german got any german speakers here just one well it was uber auge rendered into english superego okay what is the superego again this is a term thats passed into everyday speech its the conscience it certainly is that is the thats the aspect of it thats passed into everyday usage its er and it is in many ways the kernel of the of the concept also said a sensor the er to revert to my american constitutional analogy which is quite a good one actually if if the congress represents the id and the president represents the ego then the superego is represented by the supreme court because the supreme court i think im right in saying with my knowledge of the american constitution erm it has er supremacy in matters that affect the law and constitution doesnt it i mean it can it can it can constrain the president cant it i mean there are are certain things he can and cannot do arent there laid down by the supreme court and of course it represents the morals ethics and law of the nation and similarly in the in the mind superego represents the moral values the aesthetic values as well and the sense of right and wrong in the in the individual what else does the superego do because it certainly does all of that but it has other functions we mentioned one of them earlier it punishes er how does it punish the ego yes thats right yes guilt is the prime means that the superego has to punish the ego and er as says guilt you can be made to feel guilty by external agencies by other people but we also know you can also be made to feel guilty by yourself and this part of your mind that makes you feel guilty freud regarded as an internalized representation of other people to some extent and indeed he thought that it the superego was constituted by internalization and identification with the parents at the culmination of the oedipus complex however its important to point out here of course sociologists and a number of have seized on this as freuds theory of socialization but its important to point out that s s psychoanalytic findings does anybody know what do psychoanalytic findings show about the severity of the superego and the type of childhood a persons had does anybody know i think theres now a consensus about this could you guess could you guess but what would you call a bad childhood there though and you youd expect that to produce a severe superego well it might yes yes it might however i think what most analysts would tell you was er but then again it might not certainly freud thought and i think most analysts also think that there is no correlation necessarily between the severity of a persons superego and that of their parents strictly speaking freuds view was that any individual superego is the internalization not of their parents as such but of their parentssuperego and er i well remember on one occasion in the course of my analysis with anna freud i had the uncanny feeling well this was more than an uncanny feeling i think it was the reality i touched the superego of sigmund freud because at one point i said something in my analysis which implied that her father for instance might have some interest in religion and anna freud flared up and what i felt was flaring was her superego and this was the superego she had got by identification with her father i had the uncanny feeling that the ghost of sigmund freud was chiding me for thinking this and she was clearly incensed that i could suggest that her father could have had any interest in religion whatsoever she totally childish and not something that somebody in the twentieth century should waste their waste their time with and for a brief moment i felt the moral force of sigmund freud as through his daughter and of course psychologically this makes sense because im quite sure her superego was modelled on her fathers however however in general analysts dont report that for example children of very strict parents have very strict superegos themselves sometimes they do but sometimes they dont sometimes they go to the opposite extreme and seem to have a very lax superego because they relied on their parents to punish them and subsequently have no internalization sometimes as said children can have virtually no proper socialization at all have very lax or indulgent parents and have tremendously punitive superegos themselves so i think most analysts now think that the the concatenation of circumstances which produces a persons superego is so complex and there are so many factors interacting probably along with any genetic factors there probably is a heritable basis of guilt to some extent but the you cant say in a very simple way that a persons childhood socialization will determine every aspect of the superego that doesnt seem to happen so the result is you get children from very punitive authoritarian homes with very lax superegos and vice versa there doesnt seem to be a generalization about this oh yes absolute shame would be ano we should have mentioned it im glad you reminded us shame is another very important way that the superego punishes yes and again you would expect socialization and environmental factors to operate and clearly they do in a trivial sense i mean we all live in a society where people wear clothes and wed probably feel a bit ashamed if we didnt have to wear any but if you grew up in a society where nobody wears clothes you wouldnt wouldnt bother about it for one moment but those kinds of relatively trivial aspects of socialization cl clearly affect it but again shame can be a much deeper emotion in people and some people you know get irrationally get very shameful about certain things that other people dont and you wonder why and again its a complex issue its not easy to predict why shame should operate one way or or another and although it has something to do with the superego you cant just say well the superego is er purely the result of erm of of socialization if you have strict parents you have a strict superego its not that simple so erm thats an important point to bear in mind the parents do contribute an awful lot to the superego but they dont seem to contribute everything and the superego remember is formed by the ego through an active process of identification internalization and there the ego itself is is a factor and i think mentioned this im pretty sure she did and that was an important and excellent point to make another thing that the superego does that we we should mention because its often forgotten is to provide the ego with a sense of reality now of course to some extent the ego gets its sense of reality from the senses from its direct observation of the world but not entirely and the reason for this freud thought was that as children we learned that reality through direct experience is very important but also through teaching and education from our parents and as a result parental authority represents the demands of reality you know very often a parent if a parent senses a child its partly in the interests of reality you know like i say to my younger son you know look if i buy you a third big mac lets face it you wont be able to eat it okay im speaking on behalf of reality occasionally i might buy him the big third mac the third big mac just to prove to him he cant eat it and this establishes in the superego a that the the superego to some extent speaks for reality and and the reality sense is part of the is part of the standards which are built into which are built into the superego and to and therefore to a large extent the superego opposes the pleasure principle that operates in the id and this is why as i cant remember if we mentioned it now maybe did maybe or someone else did that the ego carries out repression very often at the demand of the superego so the superego has its standards its barriers its sense of conscience its threat of guilt and the ego to satisfy those demands to avoid guilt carries out repression at its at its command or at its insistence i think the best way to think of the superego is a kind of subdivision of the of the of the ego the way to go back to my star trek analogy erm who in star trek corresponds to the superego would you think well you could say that i would say spock er er i would say spock because spock er is the second in command and he tends to be critical of jim i mean he gives jim good advice erm well thats true he pr i think scotty speaks for the id to that extent for the internal demand you know how much fuel there is left thats right hes concerned with with with keeping the ship going erm the remit of spock is much wider isnt it i mean spock is more concerned with the external situation and whatre they gonna do and you know he says captain thats not rational or this is life but not as we know it er that kind of thing er er but er well its not a perfect analogy but you see the point im making one should regard the superego as a kind of critic built into the ego its its its a bit like erm you know the catholic idea of the guardian angel sitting on your shoulder only it can punish as well as give good advice and threaten you with guilt how does the superego reward we saw that the id rewards with pleasure how does the superego reward it punishes with guilt and shame how does it reward thats right feelings of moral er a moral self righteousness selfcongratulation pride selfrespect these are all er ways in which the superego rewards you so you know when you do something er for the right reasons you know you you feel good about it you want to pat yourself on your on your back and think you know what a good boy i am or what a good girl i am and of course youre doing your superego is doing to you what your parents wouldve done as as when you were a child theyre rewarding you saying good boy good girl havent you been good now you can right right now again you remind us of an important thing we shouldve mentioned where does the energy that the superego uses the the in the shame and the guilt come from where does it get these weapons where does the superego get them from cos this is important touches on it now can you guess from the id absolutely this was freuds finding in a sense guilt is aggression directed against your own ego if you think about it isnt it its its beautifully shown in the catholic mass when erm they say well its through my fault through my fault through my most grievous fault and where you strike your own breast striking your own breast is directing aggression against yourself freuds finding was that guilt is starts off as an aggressive drive in the id that could go anywhere preferably towards other people but the superego uses some of this aggression and destructive energy arising in the id and then turns it back against the ego and uses it to punish the ego so the aggression instead of going into someone else or into the outside world is turned back against the self and to that extent is selfdestructive and as says in some cases this becomes a very powerful force in the personality some people mobilize so much guilt and hatred against themselves of course it does become selfdestructive and this can happen yes yes i think in i think in general one can certainly say that the more and this touches on what said about personality types if a personality has a strongly developed superego themselves theyre likely to be very independent sometimes to the point of arrogance you know youve met the kind of person whos so sure theyre right they wont listen to anything you know theyre theyre selfrighteous and arrogant and thats because their superego is very very strong a person with a weak superego tends to be much more influenced by other people and especially external authority and sometimes they need external authority to control them and give them standards and tell them what to do if they dont have that external authority they tend to flounder or even sometimes to actually look for it they actually look for strong leaders or they want rules because they feel insecure without them is that the kind of thing you meant oh yes yes what if all if ego and superego yes the ideal state of normality for freud would be a would be a perfect balance between the three institutions if they were all reached in accommodation together and kind of lived together with relatively little conflict oh no it wouldnt i wouldnt think of it as an alternative to interaction with other people i would think of it as er yes i would think that if a person had a normal personality if the interaction between the in institution and the personality was normal youd expect their interaction with other people to be normal for example people with very strong superegos would punish themselves and are very often very ready to punish other people too youve only got to look at the history of religion especially christianity to see that at as the guys who went round flagellating themselves also went around killing other people if they didnt believe in the right religion and that unfortunately er happens all too often the reason of course if im punishing myself for my religious beliefs ive damn well got a right to punish you too if you dont punish yourself im gonna punish you and that happens and selfrighteous people get like that folks weve come to five past eleven we must stop im much indebted to you that was an excellent presentation next week we start the second part of the course our erm our key as it were and well look at the first one with er thanks very much apologies for those who had to sit on plastic seats okay now erm theres a slight change of plan because er following one or two of the classes last week i realized that erm i hadnt made myself very well understood last week and er what came back from one or two people was rather garbled and really its my own fault because i probably tried to do too much too quickly and as a result perhaps er didnt make myself clear so what i want to do is to er really repeat what i said last week but with a different emphasis and what this means is that from now on the cla lectures will trail the classes which which doesnt matter and is actually quite er a good thing in the sense that what will happen from now on is that well first do a topic in the class and then i will give the lecture on it the week after or possibly even two weeks after which is okay because it means that then in the lecture i can concentrate on filling in the gaps straightening out the misunderstandings and generally adding to what we did in the class rather than leading as it were as i have up until now so what i intend to do from this week is that very thing try and fill in as it were and er make up for what wasnt covered in the classes because i must admit that this year ive been struck by the high st high standard of the class presentations so far anyway theyve been excellent i must say so if i trail the classes in this way its not gonna do any harm i dont think because the class presentations and the class discussions in general have been so excellent this year so what i want to do is to go back over what i was talking about last week but with a different emphasis instead of instead of giving the emphasis to er what freud said and trying to rather hurriedly and as it turned out too hurriedly er fill in as it were the the background from the point of view of modern er modern understanding of the evolution of sex what i want to do is concentrate on the modern sex theory and then er explain that and then relate it to freud so its going over the same ground but from the different er different emphasis because clearly my mistake last week was to try and cram in too much and to erm assume that what i was saying about modern sex theory was erm selfevident well its selfevident to me but its obviously not to not to other people now in order to understand this and not to misunderstand terms weve got to unders the first thing we have to understand is what darwins theory of evolution by natural selection is all about and the problem with this and in some ways this is analogous to the problem with freud and ill be talking about this later is that er when darwin put forward his theory of evolution by natural selection in eighteen fifty nine it was confused and misunderstood because of the ideas of other people like herbert spencer and the socalled social darwinists who coined slogans like for example survival of the fittest and survival of the fittest has since become a slogan it is nothing more a slogan associated with darwin not it shouldnt be associated with darwin in the first place darwin didnt coin it and used it very reluctantly in fact it was coined seven years before darwin published his theory by herbert spencer in fact evolution does not select for er the fitness of individuals if by fitness you understand what normally mean by fitness and that is health and wellbeing if it did however would you explain this this is a graph a rather murky one im afraid i dont know whether is that muck on the screen or is it on my thing lets see no i think its on the screen nothing we can do about that okay erm this is a graph for annual mortality of males and females aged one to four for different years of the twentieth of the century the only year where they coincide is nineteen twenty the great erm influenza epidemic actually killed more people than the first world war and er as youll see despite increasing trends in health care which have reduced the overall rate the difference in death rate between males and females has remained in the same or if anything widened slightly in recent years so in terms of infant mortality er males die more than females its not just true of infant mortality its true of all mortality as a matter of fact this is excess male mortality in humans as a function of age and you can see that it peaks in the midtwenties and the peak is mainly accounted for by violence and accidents and er things like that risky behaviour on the part of males and er as youll see throughout the life span theres a theres a positive percentage excess in male mortality and finally sorry i had one more and i lost it no i havent here it is ratio of injuries to deaths for all accidents as a function of age and sex and again er male the male rate is least up until age sixty five and of course its er its a commonplace that human males die more readily than females if you go to any old peoples home and look around you most of the people youll be looking at will be females males on average die between five and seven years earlier than er females do and males die from all causes that affect both sexes and some you wouldnt think did er more than females for instance in nineteen eighty eight more men died from breast cancer in the united states than died from aids an astonishing statistic you wouldnt think men could die of br die of breast cancer but they do because men have residual nipples and they do produce small amounts of oestrogen so what does this mean well in terms of survival of the fittest what it means is that natural selection doesnt select for fitness because if it does what is it doing now nature may be feminine by gender but surely not feminist by conviction is nature persecuting males well no what is actually happening is that natural selection does not select for fitness understood as health and er individual health er and wellbeing athletic ability and so on what natural selection actually selects for we now know is the reproductive success of individual genes and in fact this explains all these figures the reason why males die more readily than females do is attributable to the effects of testosterone and the only cure for this is to be castrated and the earlier you are castrated the lo if youre a male the longer your life expectancy will become compared with compared with females what kills males in other words preferential to females is the very thing that promotes their reproductive success so this is er this is an interes this is er a critical thing to remember if youre tempted to believe slogans like survival of the fittest natural selection does not select for any kind of qualitative improvement again herbert spencer believed that evolution was an on and upward process of of increasing perfection culminating in victorian man and herbert spencer probably did mean man as opposed to woman darwin never a never accepted that one darwin erm repeatedly said that evolution was not a perfecting mechanism darwin knew far too much natural history to know that was er true evolution does not always make creatures more complex more intelligent bigger better adapted to their environment or whatever sometimes it has the er the opposite effect all natural selection does is reward reproductive success those organisms who have more offspring pass on more of their genes to the future and those genes are increasingly represented in the future if some kind of natural factor like the environment or the climate or other organisms determine who has the greater reproductive success today er darwinists dont use the term fitness i tell my students during my evolution and behaviour course not to use the f word and the f word is fitness and i advise them strongly not to and if i could ban it i would er its not in my nature to be authoritarian with my students but if i could be authoritarian i would say look youre not allowed to use that word and if you do youve gotta pay a pound er because its the f word and fitness er is not what its about the trouble with fitness is that it leads to mistakes about evolution because it makes people think in terms of qualitative terms darwins insight is into evolution as a purely quantitative measure reproductive success is purely quantitative it is not quality it is unscientific and wrong to draw any qualitative conclusions from it whatsoever you cannot do that all you can say is that natural selection selects for the reproductive success of individuals in their genes and some individuals have more reproductive success than others you cannot say as the victorians said that this is all bound up with certain races being superior or certain classes being superior that perhaps was an understandable mistake in the nineteenth century when for example in this country the population was expanding very rapidly but today the fittest populations in the technical sense of the term are the third world they have the greatest reproductive success and in terms of darwinian evolution it is third world rapidly expanding populations which are enjoying the highest levels of reproductive success but nobody today would assume that necessarily went along with be better personal health or wellbeing because we know it doesnt in the victorian era it did but it doesnt today so the point i am making is that terms like reproductive success are purely quantitative theyre wholly objective and scientific they are not in any way to be interpreted as qualitative judgments there is no room for qualitative judgment in science i erm like most people in this institution believe in science and think i am a scientist and i have not time or room for such qualitative judgments if it cant be quantitatively based ultimately its probably not worth doing in science and so the point im making is that is that a modern insight into darwinian evolution is based on a wholly scientific basis and social darwinism may have got darwinism a bad name by associating it with slogans like survival of the fittest but modern darwinism er isnt like that ive in fact printed out a short extract from my new book erm which illustrates this albeit using a computer program and you can take a copy of that away with you its very short its only about fifteen hundred words and that i think explains it even more clearly it would take too long to get the computer up and do it for you but erm you can take that away with you if if you like that just makes the same points ive been making now but using a computer simulator okay so our modern view then is that evolution is all about the quantitative reproductive success of individuals and in fact of individual genes so that is a quantitative objective scientific and ultimately measurable factor now admittedly in practice measuring reproductive success is a damn sight more difficult than it seems when you actually have to do it you discover that there are all kinds of problems with it in practice but in principle the the situation i think is completely clear okay now lets having dealt with the concept of reproductive success lets deal with the concept of sex now in modern evolutionary biology sex again is based on a scientific quantitative definition not on a subjective human or qualitative one and the quantitative distinction which is well illustrated by this photograph which is completely typical let me get the one hang on right this is a photograph of a hamster ovum with a hamster sperm just fertilizing it there and you can see that the hamster sperm is a lot smaller than the hamster ovum and this is totally typical its smaller by many orders of magnitude if you weighed them youd find that it was probably a thousand times ten thousand times less in weight than the ovum and er also many times smaller in volume and this is typical in modern biology sex is defined purely in terms of the size of the sex cell and the convention is that the male has the small mobile sex cell and the female has the large relatively immobile sex cell and with very few exceptions this is found everywhere throughout sexual animals plants and fungi some algae admittedly produce sex cells of more or less equal size when this happens they are not called male and female but theyre arbitrarily labelled plus and minus but plus and minus sex is very rare and er what is called erm dimorphism or anisogamy is the rule anisogamy just means sex cells of different size it probably evolved because if you do computer simulations erm you find out that one of the stable equilibria to which er differing or same size sex cells leads is one with a very large cell and one with a very small cell its too complicated to explain er why this happens but such simulations have been done notably about parker baker and smith who did the famous one and it does suggest that if you start off even if you start of with similar size that is sex cells they will be driven by a competition for reproductive success to the extremes and youll end up with two extreme types a large type protoovum and a tiny type a proto sperm so again sex is defined purely quantitatively theres nothing qualitative about this concept its purely quantitative and its in terms of the size of the sex cell okay now one of the consequences of this differing size of sex cells is that females usually concentrate on parental investment now parental investment is a technical concept which we dont need to go into in this course in too great detail suffice is to say that parental investment represents everything a parent sinks into its offspring which promotes its offsprings reproductive success obviously food well in the first place obviously the size of the sex cell er er its genes the size of the sex cell the food it gives its offspring the protection it gives it the transportation education instruction protection er you name it erm whatever the parent does in the case of birds warmth is a major factor incubating the eggs anything that the parent contributes to the offspring which promotes that offsprings reproductive success is called parental investment now because of this initial asymmetry between the sexes and the size of the sex cells the tendency is for females to concentrate on parental investment and males to concentrate on mating success and the reason for this is that usually the male has a vast number of sex cells and consequently can afford to compete er for er female cells to fertilize in grasses for instance its not the ovule that is dispersed by the billions on the wind it is the pollen the pollen is tiny and minute so minute that it can get up your nose and give you hay fever but er youre never gonna catch hay fever from modules because theyll never be released theyre relatively massive compared with compared with pollen so what the pollen cells are doing are investing in mating success thats why they broadcast themselves to the wind this is the blunderbuss approach the fertilization fire off billions in every direction and a few are bound to hit females what the ovules do is they stay in the grasses and they wait for the pollens to arrive and this is this is a typical this is a typical pattern so what tends to happen is that females invest in parentali in their offspring males put their effort into mating success the proof of the pudding here is sex role reverse species now there are more of those than you may think there are quite a few species where the sex roles have become reversed and where males behave like females and females behave like males one of the best examples for exam erm one of the best examples for example alright ill say it erm is er er whatre they called now er sea horse sea horses sea horses are interesting because what happens is males produce sperm of course thats why we call them males of course females produce eggs of course thats why theyre called females but the females compete for males because the male has a pouch literally on the front of his of his belly you know what a sea horse looks like he looks like a horse actually not surprisingly you know they have this kind of they have a kind of tail and they have this kind of pouch and what happens is that females females have pouches that produce eggs but they only hold a small they only hold a small volume males have much larger pouches and what happens is the females compete with each other as a result they they grow large they grow aggressive and theyre highly coloured and they fight each other for access to males males erm are rather coy and and retiring and er submit to er females planting their eggs inside their pouches so females fight for males and plant their eggs in the males pouch if he is if he is er if he is accessible then the male fertilizes the eggs once they are inside his pouch and then he looks after them until they hatch and the poor male staggers around with an enormous great pouch full of wriggling er baby sea horses until theyre finally born and he erm in fact puts in a greater investment than she does because he has to do the transportation protection and everything he has to oxygenate them inside him and everything else so this is a sex role reverse species where males in fact invest more in offspring than females do and er the females compete for males the females compete for somewhere to put their eggs of course in er mammals wha you could say what was happening in mammals is that males are competing for access to uteruses theyre doing the exact opposite of what female sea horses are doing theyre competing for access to male pouches what mammalian males are doing is competing for access to female uteruses because its only in a female uterus that an offspring can develop if youre a mammal so the result is that in mammals there are i think im right in saying no sex reversed species whatsoever in fact im sure there arent there are no sex reversed species and mammals have if anything exaggerated the fundamental differences er in sex but i emphasise that this is based on quantitative factors erm theres nothing qualitative about this one of the quantitative consequences of this which i mentioned last week and i i think may have been misunderstood is what is called variance of reproductive success if i can find a rubber ill write it up for you im afraid my ink my pen is running out er variance of reproductive success now this is illustrated by the following diagram which is based on a on an actual population this is based on a closely studied population of deer on the scottish island of which is not inhabited by human beings but is by deer and the easiest way to see it is is at the bottom here this shows the lifetime reproductive success of er hinds as opposed to stags and what it shows is that hinds start their reproductive life earlier soon after age two and they continue it longer right up to age seventeen erm i dont think they live much longer than that whereas stags start their reproductive life somewhat later around about age three and their reproductive life ends earlier around about age fourteen the difference however is that stags are vastly more successful during their usually very brief period when theyre controlling a harem of hinds and of course as this erm part of the diagram shows some stags have no reproductive success whatsoever in fact in this population about er half the offspring are accounted for by about five percent of er of the stags who have the best territories and the largest harems of of hinds so although they start later in fact ma mature sexually later erm than hinds do just as human beings do where of course males mature sexually a couple of years after females their reproductive success can be vastly greater than any female in this case this stage had a mean number of er calves per year about two whereas this hind had a number just under one which is about right they normally only have on one per season and since he would have had several hinds at the peak of his reproductive career his reproductive success would have been considerably greater but as i said some hinds will have er some er stags will have no hinds at all they wont manage any matings and as a result theyll have no reproduction success so again when i talk about variance of reproductive success this is a purely quantitative objective numerical measure it is a fact its not an opinion its a fact that in the mammalian species males can be vastly more reproductively su successful or vastly less reproductively successful than females its not a value judgment its a fact its its reflected in mammalian societies like deer and er there are good reasons for thinking that it also applies to er human beings okay so thats variance of reproductive er success and i mentioned i think last week i anyway the most extreme examples of this which is elephant seals where in once again a similar population to this a closely studied population in california five percent of the males were found to account for ninety five percent of the offspring in one season which suggests that ninety five percent of the males had virtually no reproductive success at all so that shows variance of reproductive su success to an extreme degree okay now one of the things i was gonna say this later but im gonna say this now because it fits in here quite nicely although as youll see ill revert to this later but while were doing sex theory ill mention it one of the distinctive things about modern darwinism is that it exploded the myth of group selection now group selection is is the idea which grew up after darwin and remained very common until the nineteen sixties and seventies that natural selection could act on entire groups or species in fact it cant people realized it couldnt when in nineteen sixty four a biologist by the name of wyn edwards at the university of edinburgh actually bothered to publish a book arguing the theory and when wyn edwards argued the case almost immediately most people began to realize that it that it didnt make sense and that most of the evidence that he thought supported the theory doesnt in fact do so and today wyn edwards has himself refused it even he now er admits that group selection er cannot work erm and the reason for this of course is that as i said natural selection selects for the reproductive success of individuals it does not select for the reproductive success of the group supposing it did supposing that natural selection was rewarding behaviour which benefited the group for that statement to be anything but trivial there would have to be situations in which an individual was faced with a choice between an act which would promote its own reproductive success and that wou wou would injure its reproductive success but promote that of the group shall we say by foregoing eating something by not fighting with another member of the group by not mating with a female whatever it may be all kinds of circumstances could be such situations supposing the majority of th supposing everyone in the population did that they all acted in a way that was in the interests of the group overall shall we say by not eating too much foods it would only take the appear the appearance of a mutant who chose to put its own reproductive success first for the whole system to break down because by definition the mutant who was acting selfishly would have greater reproductive success than the other members of the population who were foregoing these opportunities for selfish selfish gain by definition the selfish mutant would have more offspring than the other members of the of the population and if they had more offspring before long the mutants would begin to become an increasing an increasing number in the population theres no way in which you can stop er freeriders like that invading systems where individuals are striving for the benefit of the group it simply wont work one area where it er absolutely does not work is sex i mean if you think about it supposing sex were for the benefit of the species well imagine how different our life would be for us for a start i mean the first thing youd notice is that erm sex would be something that was you know a public duty and an open you know everybody would would applaud any sexual activity because it was you know adding new members to the human race now we all know that life isnt like that again in erm in animal populations what studies of sexual behaviour actually shows is that individuals are not reproducing the species for the benefit of the species theyre reproducing themselves and their own genes as fast as they possibly can given whatever other constraints may be operating i mean you could say in this situation the stag was doing it for the benefit of the species but er you dont need to er you dont need to take that point of view if you did theres one fact that you couldnt possibly explain about this if that were true why is the species producing a large number of males who never mate there is no way that you can explain sex ratios on a group selection basis take the sea lions in sea lions only one in ten sometimes one in twenty males mate that means that nine out of ten never mate why are they producing males and females in more or less equal numbers which they are surely the benefit of the species would be served by prod producing ten females for every every male there should be a ten to one sex ratio there shouldnt be a one to one sex ratio but there is a one to one sex ratio why is that well in the ninet er darwin didnt know frankly this was one of those problems that worried darwin he couldnt solve it in the nineteen twenties the darwinist r a fisher solved the problem again its too complicated for me to go into the details of this im afraid sex ratio theory is complicated but youll have to take it from me that fisher solved the problem by showing that it would never be an individual selfinterest the short explanation if you want to know why elephant seals keep er an even sex ratio and not a one to ten sex ratio even though only one male in every ten mates is that every male that does mate has ten times more reproductive success than those that dont in other words as long as you dont know which of your males are gonna be the successful ones it pays to produce an equal number of males and females because those that are successful will be ten times more successful than those that arent so if you have ten male offspring nine of them will be wasted theyll never have any reproductive success but the one that does will have ten times the reproductive success of all the others and you end up evens thats what fisher realized so the idea that th our modern insight into evolution is is that sex is an antisocial force of evolution now you might think thats a quote from freud it should be freud as well see said very similar things to that in fact its not a quote from freud its erm in fact a quote from wilson the founder of sociobiology the mo in other words modern er darwinism as oppo as as a applied to animal behaviour and wilsons point in saying that sex is an antisocial force in evolution was to suggest that what is really happening is that if natural selection is a question of the reproductive success of individual genes then individuals should be motivated to produce as many copies of those genes as they possibly can and that will inevitably bring them into competition with other members of the species who wanna do exactly the same thing one of the consequences of this emphasis on the individual was to revolutionize biological views of sexual deviation now here again in the past group selectionist thinking had tended to the view that all you need for sex if its for the benefit of the species is a regular male a regular female doing the regular thing and er everything will be alright when you discover er irregular er males or irregular sexual activity well thats some kind of pathology thats er something thats unnatural as it were but erm just take a quick look at this not a very good photo im afraid this is a species called the blue gill sunfish in the in this species theres a female and theres a regular male the regular male is much larger than the female cos males compete for nesting sites however there are two other kinds of males there are transvestites or female mimics who look just like females are the same size and have the same coloration theyre they look just like erm females and there are little sneaks er this one here which is which is very much smaller and they all coexist regular males invite regular females into their nest to spawn and the regular male swims round with the regular female as she disperses her eggs he disperses his his er sperm and er thats the way it should be for the benefit of the species okay thats all wed need if sex was for the benefit of the species we wouldnt need little sneaks what little sneaks do is they hang about near the nest when this process starts they zoom in instantly ejaculate and zoom out and believe me i when i mean zoom the whole thing takes place in a tenth of a second it was only discovered because somebody left a film camera running on an aquarium in which these fish were present and they noticed a blur and when the film was slowed down and analyzed it turned out that this was happening that a little sneak was going in instantly ejaculating and zooming out in fact the same thing happens with deer we know male deer develop enormous antler at vast cost to themselves to dominate harems of females but not all male deer do that there are some male here who never develop antlers they look just like females and they hang about on the edge of harems acting like females when the male is preoccupied when a stag is preoccupied fighting another stag or mounting another female they zoom in quickly mount a female ejaculate almost instantly and zoom off again theyre called hummels and theyre sneak fertilizers such sneak fertilizers are surprisingly common and in the case of er sunfish here is one these little sneak fertilizers however are young and small of course this is what they rely on their enormous of speed for and they grow up into female mimics or transvestites and what a transvestite does is when a regular male and a regular female are in the nest swimming around together doing the regular thing the transvestite swims in appearing as a second female the male doesnt know that this fish is in fact male and not female and in place of ovaries this male which is that one there has enormous testes the testes of these female mimics are vastly larger than those of a normal male this is a normal male and thats his testes theyre quite small this is a female mimic and er she has enormous testes and what the female mimic does is it swims in and instead of releasing eggs which is what the resident male expects they release vast clouds of sperm and of course fertilize some of the eggs now from the group selectionistic point of view this is a kind of sexual deviation from the individualistic selfish gene point of view its just another way of gaining reproductive success and you cannot make qualitative prejudicial judgments and say one is better than the other you cant say for example that a regular male is a better male than the transvestite theres certain respects in which the transvestite is more male for example hes got vastly bigger testes so if you think that being male is a function of how large your testes are then the female mimic is the best male well clearly such considerations are ridiculous and prejudicial and theyre not scientific all you can say is there are different ways of getting reproductive success and er being a female mimic or a little sneak is er is just one way of doing it so the the consequence of this is that if you concentrate on individuals rather than on er groups you take a completely different view of sex you take the kind of view that freud took of sex namely that sex is to quote his term polymorphously perverse that sex isnt just a simple question of a regular male er doing it with a regular female now another consequence of this way of er looking at it again something to which i referred last week is what is known as the trivers willard now what trivers and willard suggest was was this they said look if males can have greater reproductive success than females can then parents who have some way of knowing that their offspring are gonna be particularly reproductively successful should invest in males whereas if they have some way of knowing that their offspring are not gonna be particularly reproductively successful they should invest in females and the reason to go back to the stags where in fact we know this happens er i is clear in other words if your offspring is going to be very reproductively successful then because of variance of male reproductive success you should have male offspring whereas if you think your offspring are not gonna be particularly successful you should have female offspring because they always get get mated in this kind of in this kind of set up in fact this happens it happens with deer where female deer appear to be able to manipulate the sex ratio to their own advantage we dont know how they do it but highranking females in the best harems that is those that have the best feeding grounds on run produce significantly more males than they do females and there are plenty of animal examples lot of them i wont bore you with those it also occurs in human beings according to tax criteria the top ten percent of the u s population produces an eight percent excess of males by comparison to the bottom ten percent actually i think we do know how that comes about what happens is this er because w er males because of er variance of male reproductive success another way of looking at it is to say look males are expendable you dont actually need a lot of males to keep all your females fertilized so you can waste them and in fact we do waste them for example in wars its usually er er males that go to wars rather than females and you can waste them on a vast scale like we did at the time of the first world war and and find virtually no effect on your population erm the consequence of that is that at conception the sex ratio in the white u s population is about a hundred and twenty males to about a hundred females what that means is that if you have a spontaneous abortion youre much more likely to abort a male than you are to abort a female partly because there are more males to start with and partly because male foetuses dont survive as well as female ones as any erm er erm erm maternity hospital will tell you that deals with very young you know premature babies theyll tell you that the males dont have the same chance as the females do so what probably happens is that women at the bottom of the social heap in the united states having poor health care high stressed lives crime drugs and all these kind of problems probably have more spontaneous abortions therefore the sex ratio away from males towards females whereas women at the top of the social scale low stress lives good health care better maternity erm medicine stuff like that retain more foetuses therefore youd expect them to have more males and this is what seems to happen if thats a natural as it were adapted effect of the trivers willard effect there are plenty of cultural ones as well the most astonishing is the case of rajput castes in northern india of the nineteenth century these were high status castes and many of them were found to have sex ratios as low as a thousand to one sorry a hundred to one in other words there were for every hundred females er for every hundred males there was only one female and they did this by practising er extensive female infanticide and ratios of four to one were common as well as in china and other places erm even in the middle ages in this country there is evidence that the sex ratio was quite seriously skewed er in favour of males and away from females and this is usually the result of female infanticide recent data for example from two hospitals in india where amniocentesis was used to diagnose the sex of the foetus before birth showed that ninety five point five percent of all female foetuses were aborted but not a single male was aborted even though the amniocentesis showed that some of the males were genetically defective in other words indian parents who could afford amniocentesis the rich ones wanted sons and they certainly didnt want daughters because they aborted ninety five point five percent of the daughters but none of the sons even when the sons were genetically defective historical data from a german parish spanning the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries shows that the wealthiest farmers preserved more males but the poorest labourers more females than the wealthiest farmers now if child survival were simply a question of affluence as you might think it was theres no way you could explain these figures because if that were true both sons and daughters of wealthy farmers ought to survive better than sons and daughters of the poorest labourers in fact the daughters of the poorest labourers survived better than the daughters of the wealthiest erm farmers the reasons seems to be differential parental investment the wealthiest farmers were investing preferentially in sons and possibly the poorest labourers in daughters this doesnt necessarily mean they were practising infanticide although some of them may have been the the possibility is that they just looked after one sex better than the other and there is some anec anecdotic evidence that this kind of thing occurs which i havent got time go to into because im getting towards the end of the lecture anyway you can see the point im driving at the trivers willard effect is an inevitable consequence of the quantitative disparity in the sexes and the variance of male reproductive success now my theory that i was proposing last week about preferential parental investment in sexy sons or little boys who showed phallic behaviour is a consequence of the trivers willard principle because basically what it says is that little boys who advertised as it were in their childhood evidence of their own adult reproductive success by precocious sexuality towards the women of the family and aggression towards the males might be rewarded by preferential parental investment a trivers willard effect in other words and if when they grew up those oedipal sexy sons were in fact more reproductively successful then the result would be a kind of selfperpetuating cycle of parental investment in oedipal sons who then grew up to be more reproductively successful than nonoedipal sons and and so on in the end as i said with that kind of selection cycle going youd end up with the situation where all males had the had that er had that trait of oedipal behaviour however the individualistic approach of modern darwinism which looks at it from the point of view of the reproductive success of individual genes isnt like the older group selectionistic thinking was prejudiced in favour of any group you see the trouble with group selectionistic thinking is its prejudiced in favour of big groups it says individuals ought to conform to groups because what is good for the group is good for the species and what is good for the family is good for the group is good for the species and everything like that the modern individualistic approach says there are no privileged individuals in any population you cant say that males females the old or the young a are those who who carry on their sexual role in a regular way or those who do it in an irregular way have a privileged point of view that would be a qualitative prejudicial judgment the kind of judgment that social darwinists went in for th the modern scientific view of evolution says you must treat all individuals equally because all individuals are equally just the temporary packaging for their genes its their genes that are struggling for reproductive success consequently you cannot say that one individual has privileges over another the consequence of that is you have to ask yourself okay oedipal behaviour is fine for sexy sons them but what about daughters daughters are losing because their parents perhaps especially their mothers are investing preferentially in their sons and we know that happens on a quite vast and astonishing scale in in societies what are they gonna do my suggestion is that penis envy evolved as a countertactic to motivate little girls by saying look anything that has a penis is probably getting something that youre not getting you should envy it and compete with it and try to get those resources for yourself such a gene could pay for itself if it motivated little girls to in fact compete with their brothers for what their brothers might otherwise er get uncontested theres nothing in our modern view of the evolution to say that one party has privileges over the another on the contrary if the gene can pay for itself in terms of reproductive success that is all that matters so all im arguing is that all such a gene for penis envy would have to do would be to promote the reproductive success of the little girls whove had it to that gene eventually to become established throughout the entire female population just as the gene for oedipal behaviour or phallic behaviour would become selective in males these are not prejudicial judgments theyre not based on on value judgments theyre based on simple qualitative calculus of what would happen if natural selection operated this way now of course it may well be that er all this is completely crazy and it doesnt work that way and that my hypothesis about these things erm are are quite wrong they can be tested of course erm i mean i could generate p h d theses for you by the dozen out of all this i mean we could one of the big problems you know in science is people only start protesting things when they think theyre credible and often its very difficult to get people first of all to think its credible before they erm before you can get the tests one test for example that i suggested to you last week which would have surprised freud is by contention the children who were overwhelmed with parental investment particularly by perhaps the parent of the opposite sex shouldnt show much oedipal behaviour ive said that there is evidence from the studies of robert stoller that this is true now thats thats a prediction that i think er you wouldnt make on the basis of the freudian theory but on the basis of my interpretation of it it kind of follows and there are lots of other ones erm you could you could you could make as well so you see what ive been what ive been trying to do in this lecture is to explain the the modern biological basis which i think makes freuds findings intelligent because on otherwise theyre pretty unintelligible i mean lets face it penis envy is a is a pretty wacky idea however you look at it and you cant blame people for thinking oh you know this viennese professor must have had a had a diseased mind or something to come across such a crazy idea it does seem crazy on the surface it looks very crazy if you read the trivers willard erm literature as i have done about preferential parental investment in males as opposed to females it it starts to make al a lot of sense indeed robert trivers in the original path breaking paper of his that launched the whole theory of parent offspring conflict without knowing it predicted it because in that paper there is a passage where trivers says if my theory is right and basically its this trivers willard thing he was talking about that parents and offspring will be in conflict about parental investment he says if my theory is right and if parents discriminate investment on the basis of offspring success then he makes two predictions he said first selection will select for offspring to know what sex they are and secondly selection will favour offspring who compete er with the with the sex er wh in whom the parents are are erm favouring now he doesnt say anything about penis envy in in putting that forward and i dont know whether penis envy was in his mind at the time he wrote those words and even if i asked him today he probably wouldnt admit it i happen to know from a friend of mine that robert trivers long before he was the great evolutionary biologist he is today when he was an illustrator of childrens books argued the whole thing to and fro with a friend of mine who was a freudian analyist and he tells me that in the beginning all they talked about was freud it was only later that trivers began to link it up with darwin so it may well be that indirectly whether consciously or unconsciously triversown thinking was influenced by freudian findings erm i dont know im pursuing that possibility it would be interesting to know but however that may be its significant that within this very first paper trivers makes this prediction and my interpretation of penis envy is effectively what about what trivers predicted well i hope that clarified a few iss issues and made one or two things clearer theyre probably even clearer if you take this copy of my er which ill leave by the door and er well carry on next week dont forget those of you in tuesday class next week its at four p m and not two p m thank you very much bretagnedarmagnac bretagnedarmagnac is a commune in the gers department it is in southwestern france aixnoulette aixnoulette is a commune it is found in the region nordpasdecalais in the pasdecalais department in the north of france uvac the uvac is a river which rises in serbia it flows through serbia and bosniaherzegovina its is about long near the locality of uvac the river flows into the lim for some of its length the river is the border between both countries bedivere bedivere is a legendary character in the king arthur stories he is a knight of the round table he is a fearless fighter and one of arthurs most trusted knights in the early legends he is the cupbearer later legends have him as the one who returns arthurs sword excalibur to the lady of the lake he then put the dying arthur in a boat to take him to avalon in some legends arthur gives him rule over normandy in stories he is frequently associated with sir kay sir lucan is his brother sir griflet is his cousin the knight in the legends sir bedivere had a grandfather also named bedivere who was the founder of the city of bayeux his son was named amren he also had a daughter named eneuavc bedivere was one of the first knights to join the round table he was also one of arthurs earliest followers he and arthur fought the giant of mont saintmichel he lost one hand in a battle only he and arthur survived thebattle of camlan but arthur received a wound in the battle and was dying arthur commanded bedivere to throw his magical sword excalibur back into the lake twice bedivere lied to arthur but the third time he threw the sword into the lake it came from bedivere was said to have been killed in the roman campaign other websites ltbrgt

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