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A health record system that was developed for the area of Diabetes is presented as an example.
{ "m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)", "s": "509.44" }
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W1226715287
Purpose
The study was conducted to evaluate the cooking and eating quality of mutant lines obtained from irradiating a local cultivar, Supa.
{ "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": "397.68" }
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W1529765612
Background
Five early maturing mutant lines plus two controls, IR!
{ "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": "466.37" }
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W1529765612
Method
53234271 and Supa were evaluated for their physical grain characteristics including length and shape of grain kernel, translucence and chalkiness of the endosperm.
{ "m": "Indicating criteria for selection or inclusion in the study", "s": "575.86" }
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W1529765612
Method
Cooking qualities of the tested genotypes were evaluated in terms of percent amylose content and gelatinization temperature.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "476.06" }
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W1529765612
Method
To determine the eating quality, a taste panel comprising of extension officers and the staff of the Kilimaryaro Agricultural Training Centre, Moshi, Tanzania was used.
{ "m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was adopted", "s": "479.91" }
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W1529765612
Purpose
The panel was required to taste the cooked rice of the seven genotypes and to record the aroma, stickiness, softness, taste and general acceptability of the cooked rice.
{ "m": "Indicating criteria for selection or inclusion in the study", "s": "517.3" }
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W1529765612
Method
Regression analysis was also performed on selected parameters in order to isolate those that have more irifluence on the inherent variety quality.
{ "m": "Describing the process: statistical procedures", "s": "386.04" }
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W1529765612
Method
The results showed that all the rice genotypes tested had grain appearance that was accepted by the taste panel.
{ "m": "Stating a positive result", "s": "359.77" }
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[ 1.4429969787597656, 0.6878671646118164, -0.4402940273284912, -0.5440365672111511, 0.7232341766357422, 0.3480207026004791, -0.31506428122520447, -0.8031794428825378, 0.6400651335716248, -1.3129630088806152, -1.447353720664978, 1.7554725408554077, -0.3284884989261627, -0.3188712000846863, ...
W1529765612
Result
The taste panelists, however, generally rated supa parent variety as very good and SSD 7 as normal.
{ "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": "592.08" }
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[ -0.12286994606256485, -0.05091742426156998, -0.7740216255187988, 0.37924328446388245, -0.0959724709391594, 1.5729058980941772, -0.4828417897224426, -1.206208348274231, 0.16754722595214844, 0.04109549522399902, 1.0908657312393188, 0.43938004970550537, -0.7391046285629272, 0.8162962198257446...
W1529765612
Method
The results revealed that significant differences were observed for all the characters tasted except the taste of the cooked rice.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "365.58" }
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W1529765612
Result
Regression analysis showed that of the six parameters of quality, aroma significantly contributed to the isolation of the rice quality, while soJtness of cooked rice and aroma determined the general acceptance by the panelists.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "421.83" }
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W1529765612
Result
These parameters could be useJul as selection criteria in evaluationJor rice grain quality.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "535.03" }
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W1529765612
Hypothesis
Keywords Rice, Grain quality, Mutants, Sup a Variety Tanzania J.Agric.
{ "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": "464.81" }
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W1529765612
Method
Sc.
{ "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": "659.32" }
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W1529765612
Background
2007 Vol.
{ "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": "687.01" }
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W1529765612
Method
8 No.2, 193 202
{ "m": "Referring to data in a table or chart", "s": "535.4" }
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W1529765612
Result
The International Ultraviolet Explorer IUE archives contain a wealth of information on high quality ultraviolet spectra of approximately 180 planetary nebulae, their central stars, and related objects.
{ "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": "512.83" }
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W1504046505
Result
Selected are representative lowdispersion IUE spectra in the range 1200 to 3200 A for 177 objects arranged by Right Ascension RA for this atlas.
{ "m": "Indicating criteria for selection or inclusion in the study", "s": "353.02" }
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W1504046505
Method
For most entries, the combined short wavelength SWP 1200to 1900 and long wavelength LWR or LWP, 1900 to 3200 A regions are shown on 30 cm by 10 cm Calcomp plots on a uniform scale to facilitate intercomparison of the spectra.
{ "m": "Describing questionnaire design", "s": "486.7" }
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W1504046505
Method
Each calibrated spectrum is also shown on an expanded vertical scale to bring out some of the weaker features.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "486.56" }
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W1504046505
Method
The normal temporomandibular joint TMJ was evaluated using magnetic resonance MR imaging with a surface coil in five subjects and compared with the abnormal joint in 37 patients aged 1459 years total joints studied, 76.
{ "m": "Describing previously used methods", "s": "521.9" }
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W1979940750
Method
Multisection 3mmthick sagittal, coronal, and axial images were obtained with a 1.5T MR system and 6.5cmdiameter surface coil using both partial saturation and spinecho sequences TR 1,000 msec, TE 20 or 25 msec.
{ "m": "Describing the process: using + instrument", "s": "392.65" }
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W1979940750
Method
A comparison with arthrography n 13 joints, computed tomography CT n 11, and surgical n 5 findings demonstrated that MR imaging with a surface coil provided an accurate depiction of both normal and abnormal TMJs.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "372.47" }
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W1979940750
Result
MR provided information about meniscal position, morphology, and histology that was not available with either arthrography or CT alone.
{ "m": "Stating purpose of the current research with reference to gaps or issues in the literature", "s": "509.16" }
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W1979940750
Purpose
The imaging potential of MR and its noninvasive characteristics warrant priority for further examination of MR as a useful modality in the diagnosis of TMJ pain and dysfunction.
{ "m": "Making recommendations for further research work", "s": "302.52" }
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W1979940750
Reccomendations
Learningbased image steganalysis is an effective and universal approach to cope with the following two difficulties unknown statistics and steganographic algorithms.
{ "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": "436.21" }
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W1984267490
Importance
A crucial part of the learningbased process is the selection of lowdimensional features, which strongly impacts the accuracy of classification.
{ "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": "421.74" }
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W1984267490
Importance
A novel principal feature selection and fusion PFSF method is presented to reduce features, and then it is applied to image steganalysis.
{ "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": "338.07" }
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W1984267490
Method
First, we analyze the multicollinearity among features to eliminate redundant features.
{ "m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose", "s": "469.74" }
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W1984267490
Method
Next, we implement the linear transform based on principal components analysis PCA and use Savage decisionmaking to eliminate insignificant features.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "534.52" }
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W1984267490
Method
Last, in order to further reduce features, we fuse the selected features, followed by selecting the principal features from the fused features to form a new feature set.
{ "m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose", "s": "503.46" }
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W1984267490
Method
The advantage of the proposed method is that it needs the cover images only, without requiring the availability of the stegoimages in the process of the features selection.
{ "m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was adopted", "s": "461.64" }
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W1984267490
Purpose
Moreover, the proposed method greatly reduces the computational time.
{ "m": "Commenting on the findings", "s": "553.04" }
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W1984267490
Result
Our method has been tested on two feature sets from Moulins and Fridrichs features.
{ "m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures", "s": "545.21" }
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W1984267490
Aims
The experimental results show that our method not only reduces the feature number by 90, but also provides more reliable detection results than the previous steganalysis methods do.
{ "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": "405.74" }
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W1984267490
Result
Abstract It is wellknown that in oil and gas fields development process, foam is widely used as mobility control agent or blocking agent to displace oil and gas, block gas channels and fractures or high permeability layers etc. However, higher oil recovery efficiency is undoubtedly a toppriority factor for managers to ...
{ "m": "Synthesising sources: contrasting evidence or ideas", "s": "457.82" }
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W1972899484
Uncertainty
According to laboratory percolation and oil displacement experiments, this paper presented a new method of using foam as a displacing agent to recover oil in heterogeneous reservoir.
{ "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": "491.48" }
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W1972899484
Result
Unlike other foam flooding methods, this work based on the mechanism of both lowering interfacial tensions to a superlow value 103mNm grade and improving sweep efficiency of displacing fluid.
{ "m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was adopted", "s": "512.12" }
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W1972899484
Purpose
The foam preformed by coinjecting natural gas and a kind of threecomponent combined solution has a greater blocking effect in high permeability layer of heterogeneous physical model.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "409.61" }
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W1972899484
Hypothesis
The percolation result showed that the diversion of fluid from high permeability layer into medium and low permeability layers apparently depends on the flowing resistance in high permeability layer the diversion ability of foam is far greater than that of polymer.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "431.78" }
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W1972899484
Result
The oil displacement experiments showed that, for this foam composition, the final oil recovery factor can be improved nearly 30 initial reserves over waterflood recovery factor for model whose permeability variation coefficient is 0.72, nearly one and half times than that of alkalinesurfactantpolymer system.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "436.74" }
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W1972899484
Result
This paper modeled the field injecting project of foam flooding in Daqing oil field and got a good match result.
{ "m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)", "s": "524.53" }
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W1972899484
Purpose
Besides, this paper put forward some measures of improving foam flooding effect.
{ "m": "Stating the focus, aim, or argument of a short paper", "s": "498.09" }
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W1972899484
Hypothesis
Introduction Generally speaking, the waterflood efficiency of heterogeneous reservoir is relatively lower.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "463.73" }
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W1972899484
Method
In order to promote the production of hydrocarbons, one often injects displacement fluids into subterranean hydrocarbonbearing formations to improve the final oil recovery factor of oilfield.
{ "m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was adopted", "s": "388.96" }
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W1972899484
Purpose
Various gases and more complex fluids, such as alkaline solutions, polymer solutions, surfactant solutions, alkalinesurfactantpolymer ASP solutions and foams, are widely used as displacement fluids in both miscible and immiscible oil displacement floods.
{ "m": "Explaining the provenance of the participants", "s": "424.68" }
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W1972899484
Method
Since Fried first put forward foam flooding method in 1961, foams are receiving increasing attention in the oil industry.
{ "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline: time frame given", "s": "319.34" }
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W1972899484
Importance
The merits of foams lie in that foams have some advantageous characteristics, notably as excellent blocking effect and distinguished mobility control effect in enhanced recovery operations.
{ "m": "Commenting on the strengths of the current study", "s": "428.88" }
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W1972899484
Result
Although foams were first utilized to block fractures, to prevent gas channeling and gas override during gas flood or steam flood, they have now been applied in many new technique fields with the development of investigations on foam system, oil displacement mechanism and flowing behavior etc. For example, strong and s...
{ "m": "Synthesising sources: contrasting evidence or ideas", "s": "415.17" }
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W1972899484
Uncertainty
In addition, some viscofying foams were used as mobility control agents to efficiently sweep oil from a subterranean oilbearing formation and particularly from oilbearing fractures containing gravitysegregated oil or from oilbearing fractures in fluid communication with an aquifer.
{ "m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures", "s": "498.3" }
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W1972899484
Aims
In general, the CIT and related plugging treatment are static applications of the foam, in that the foam remains substantially stationary in the formaion once it is placed therein.
{ "m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)", "s": "462.5" }
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W1972899484
Keywords
The mobility control process is a dynamic application of the foam, in that the foam moves across the formation in correspondence with a flood front.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "382.83" }
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W1972899484
Method
According to the concept of foam, a foam is commonly defined as a composition comprising a gas phase dispersed throughout a surrounding medium, such as a liquid.
{ "m": "Providing background information: reference to the literature", "s": "343.79" }
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W1972899484
Background
In this definition, the term surrounding medium can be either one single composition or a multicomposition.
{ "m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)", "s": "499.63" }
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W1972899484
Keywords
As such, foams have been used in a number of roles according to their different fluid components.
{ "m": "Providing background information: reference to the literature", "s": "483.43" }
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W1972899484
Background
This study describes the experiences of four elementary teachers as they participated in LEADERS, a professional development initiative in primary reading instruction.
{ "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": "474.44" }
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W1604793791
Method
The study examined closely how a yearlong highquality literacy project influenced teachers and classrooms in an urban school.
{ "m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures", "s": "495.35" }
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W1604793791
Aims
The results revealed that participation had an impact on each teacher in at least one of four categories knowledge of the reading process, change in instructional practice, reflection on practice, and theory to practice connections.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "333.99" }
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W1604793791
Result
Teachers as Learners Professional Development in Early Reading Instruction Allison Swan West Virginia University This study describes the experiences of four elementary teachers as they participated in LEADERS, a professional development initiative in primary reading instruction.
{ "m": "Describing what other writers do in their published work", "s": "441.96" }
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W1604793791
Method
The study examined closely how a yearlong highquality literacy project influenced teachers and classrooms in an urban school.
{ "m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures", "s": "495.35" }
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W1604793791
Aims
The results revealed that participation had an impact on each teacher in at least one of four categories knowledge of the reading process, change in instructional practice, reflection on practice, and theory to practice connections.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "333.99" }
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W1604793791
Result
142 Reading Horizons, 2003, 4, 3 CURRENTLY, THE EDUCATIONAL community, special interest groups, and political arena are vigorously examining the nature of effective reading instruction delivered by qualified, wellprepared teachers.
{ "m": "Stating what is currently known about the topic", "s": "416.92" }
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W1604793791
Background
In a study of elementary reading practices, Baumann, Ro, DuffyHester, and Hoffman 2000 asked prominent members of the Reading Hall of Fame what they believed to be the most persistent problem facing todays elementary reading teachers.
{ "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": "587.41" }
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W1604793791
Method
Not surprisingly, many responses focused on the limited amount of professional knowledge and teacher training at both the preservice and inservice levels of a teachers career.
{ "m": "Indicating an unexpected outcome", "s": "454.61" }
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W1604793791
Result
The studys respondents acknowledged that many teachers are inadequately prepared to teach, lack knowledge of children and of the reading process, and have limited expertise in reading instruction.
{ "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": "408.95" }
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W1604793791
Method
Consequently, when asked to identify the most urgent need for reading education in the 215t century, the reading educators rated both preservice and inservice professional development
{ "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": "562.6" }
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W1604793791
Result
The call for algorithmic transparency as a way to manage the power of new datadriven decisionmaking techniques misunderstands the nature of the processes at issue and underlying technology.
{ "m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution", "s": "549.22" }
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W2611463238
Limitations
Part of the problem is that the term, algorithm, is broad.
{ "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": "489.36" }
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W2611463238
Importance
It encompasses disparate concepts even in mathematics and computer science.
{ "m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution", "s": "498.91" }
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W2611463238
Limitations
Matters worsen in law and policy.
{ "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": "565.55" }
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W2611463238
Importance
Law is driven by a linear, almost Newtonian, view of cause and effect where inputs and defined process lead to clear outputs.
{ "m": "Describing the process: adverbs of manner", "s": "411.3" }
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W2611463238
Method
In that world, a call for transparency has the potential to work.
{ "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": "403.44" }
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W2611463238
Result
The reality is quite different.
{ "m": "Highlighting interesting or surprising results", "s": "588.06" }
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W2611463238
Result
Real computer systems use vast data sets not amenable to disclosure.
{ "m": "Describing the process: using + instrument", "s": "510.05" }
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[ 2.1964478492736816, 0.5042489767074585, -1.5087538957595825, 0.08709423989057541, 1.855078935623169, 0.8157966136932373, -0.11799285560846329, -1.033328652381897, 0.3887513279914856, -0.2924370765686035, 0.41055047512054443, 1.2380790710449219, 0.141837477684021, 1.3760241270065308, 0.78...
W2611463238
Method
The rules used to make decisions are often inferred from these data and cannot be readily explained or understood.
{ "m": "Indicating methodological problems or limitations", "s": "462.67" }
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W2611463238
Limitations
And at a deep and mathematically provable level, certain things, including the exact behavior of an algorithm, can sometimes not be tested or analyzed.
{ "m": "Detailing specific limitations", "s": "468.64" }
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W2611463238
Limitations
From a technical perspective, current attempts to expose algorithms to the sun will fail to deliver critics desired results and may create the illusion of clarity in cases where clarity is not possible.
{ "m": "Indicating an expected outcome", "s": "530.98" }
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W2611463238
Hypothesis
At a highlevel, the recent calls for algorithmic transparency follow a pattern that this paper seeks to correct.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "526.06" }
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W2611463238
Hypothesis
Policy makers and technologists often talk past each other about the realities of technology and the demands of policy.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "520.07" }
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W2611463238
Method
Policy makers may identify good concerns but offer solutions that misunderstand technology.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "425.23" }
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W2611463238
Hypothesis
This misunderstanding can lead to calls for regulation that make little to no sense to technologists.
{ "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": "486.58" }
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W2611463238
Importance
Technologists often see systems as neutral tools, with uses to be governed only when systems interact with the real world.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "439.45" }
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W2611463238
Method
Both sides think the other simply does not get it, and important problems receive little attention from either group.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "460.19" }
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W2611463238
Result
By setting out the core concerns over the use of algorithms, offering a primer on the nature of algorithms, and a guide on the way in which computer scientists deal with the inherent limits of their field, this paper shows that there are coherent ways to manage algorithms and the law.
{ "m": "Explaining the significance of the current study", "s": "541.65" }
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W2611463238
Importance
Our knowledge of the sensory world is encoded by neurons in sequences of discrete, identical pulses termed action potentials or spikes.
{ "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": "430.84" }
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W1586921771
Method
There is persistent controversy about the extent to which the precise timing of these spikes is relevant to the function of the brain.
{ "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": "222.24" }
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W1586921771
Uncertainty
We revisit this issue, using the motionsensitive neurons of the fly visual system as a test case.
{ "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": "579.61" }
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W1586921771
Background
New experimental methods allow us to deliver more nearly natural visual stimuli, comparable to those which flies encounter in free, acrobatic flight, and new mathematical methods allow us to draw more reliable conclusions about the information content of neural responses even when the set of possible responses is very ...
{ "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": "417.61" }
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W1586921771
Importance
We find that significant amounts of visual information are represented by details of the spike train at millisecond and submillisecond precision, even though the sensory input has a correlation time of 60ms different patterns of spike timing represent distinct motion trajectories, and the absolute timing of spikes poin...
{ "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": "328.03" }
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W1586921771
Result
Under these naturalistic conditions, the system continues to transmit more information at higher photon flux, even though individual photoreceptors are counting more than one million photons per second, and removes redundancy in the stimulus to generate a more efficient neural code.
{ "m": "Describing the process: adverbs of manner", "s": "419.79" }
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W1586921771
Method
Graham Mooney, Jonathan Reinarz eds, Permeable walls historical perspectives on hospital visiting, Wellcome Series in the History of Medicine, Clio Medica 86, Amsterdam and New York, Rodopi, 2009, pp. vi, 352, 70.00 hardback 9789042025998.
{ "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of interest", "s": "468.56" }
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W212258762
Background
Volume 54 Issue 4
{ "m": "Summarising the studies reviewed", "s": "601.86" }
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W212258762
Method
Singlephase grid tied inverter is one among types of inverters widely used in photovoltaic PV generation system due to the advantages they offer.
{ "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": "488.46" }
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W1565238659
Importance
This chapter describes model and simulation of such inverter in operation as distributed generation in electrical power system.
{ "m": "Previewing a chapter", "s": "435.38" }
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W1565238659
Other
Power characteristics including power quality, grid interaction behavior and load sharing that are important aspects in their operation as grid connected inverter will be simulated and analyzed.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "468.05" }
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W1565238659
Method
The role of current or voltage control and associated mechanism in photovoltaic inverter such as photovoltaic IV characteristic, maximum power point tracker MPPT, and other mechanism that involves in power flow and load sharing control are described.
{ "m": "Outlining the structure of a thesis or dissertation", "s": "398.92" }
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W1565238659
Other
Further, some observation and measurement from a 5kWp laboratory scale grid interconnected photovoltaic plant that employ single phase photovoltaic inverter will be presented.
{ "m": "Surveys and interviews: Introducing excerpts from interview data", "s": "534.17" }
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W1565238659
Method
The load sharing behavior between photovoltaic plant and utility grid during supplying both linear and non linear load that connected on their point of common coupling.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "434.96" }
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W1565238659
Method
In addition, observation and measurement results of power quality parameter behavior during photovoltaic inverter operation along extremely density variation of photovoltaic produced energy that comes from the atmospheric condition will be presented.
{ "m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures", "s": "530.34" }
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W1565238659
Aims