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A small shift in the opposite sense was observed for the synthetic Cu smectite g 205 for the airdried sample, g 202 for the watersoaked sample.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "364.59" }
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W1965154338
Result
For the two natural smectites a small shift similar to that for the synthetic Cusmectite was observed.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "454.28" }
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W1965154338
Result
These results indicate that up to 10 of the Cu atoms substitute for AlMgFe atoms in the octahedral sheets of the smectites studied.
{ "m": "Stating a positive result", "s": "339.58" }
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W1965154338
Result
The goal of the work is to study epidemiological situation of TBHIV coinfection in Georgia.
{ "m": "Stating the aims of the current research (note frequent use of past tense)", "s": "322.14" }
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W2413355897
Hypothesis
The research was based on the study of TB prevalence among 766 HIVAIDS patients registered at the National Centre of Infections Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology in 19892004 determining of HIV status among 3084 patients with active TB, treated in the hospital of the National Centre of TB and Lung Diseases, Abastum...
{ "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": "423.13" }
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W2413355897
Method
Results show low indicators of HIV associated TB prevalence in Georgia.
{ "m": "Stating a negative result", "s": "420.18" }
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W2413355897
Result
Taking into account slow but stable increase of HIVAIDS new cases and complicated, but manageable epidemiological situation in regard to TB, increasing of the cases of HIV associated TB can be expected.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "460.51" }
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W2413355897
Hypothesis
Chapter 1 Management Today Chapter 2 Management History and Theories Chapter 3 Values, Attitudes, Goals, and Motivation Chapter 4 Resources Chapter 5 Decision Making and Problem Solving Chapter 6 Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Chapter 7 Communication Chapter 8 Managing Human Needs Chapter 9 Managing Time Chapte...
{ "m": "Outlining the structure of a thesis or dissertation", "s": "549.12" }
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W1598160678
Other
Like most racialised minority groups, Native Americans have long experienced disparate policing, both in the form of over and underpolicing their communities.
{ "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": "555.31" }
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W1991704726
Background
Inevitably, the interactions between police and Native Americans shape the latters perceptions of the brand of justice they can expect.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "452.68" }
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W1991704726
Hypothesis
Cumulatively, over and underpolicing reinforce the antipathy if not outright hostility towards police.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "428.22" }
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W1991704726
Hypothesis
They compound the historically strained relationship between Native Americans and the western criminal justice system.
{ "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": "544.68" }
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W1991704726
Background
Yet the impacts of disparate policing also have broader community and political effects, including overrepresentation in the justice system, disempowerment, segregation and enhanced risk of victimisation.
{ "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": "437.33" }
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W1991704726
Result
Process integration may indeed be advantageous, particularly in a plantwide economical sense, but there is also a potential risk that unnecessary difficulties are introduced when it comes to process control.
{ "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": "328.22" }
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W1496875128
Limitations
This work identified several internal interconnections in a thermomechanical pulp refiner line as a result of an integration approach adopted during the process design.
{ "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting themes", "s": "493.41" }
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W1496875128
Method
Firstly, a disturbance sensitivity analysis for the overall production process is carried out.
{ "m": "Outlining the structure of a thesis or dissertation", "s": "461.32" }
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W1496875128
Other
Secondly, a simulation model is constructed and using real process data it is found to successfully reflect the complex dynamic behavior observed at the actual plant.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "416.71" }
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W1496875128
Result
The simulation model can provide indications on how the process performance can be improved by process design modifications.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "456.84" }
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W1496875128
Hypothesis
The results suggest that the presence of internal interconnections increases the demands on the control system and also set limits for its performance.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "302.92" }
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W1496875128
Hypothesis
If control aspects had been considered at the earliest stages of process development, the possibility to achieve satisfactory process performance could have been significantly improved.
{ "m": "Implications and/or recommendations for practice or policy", "s": "521.54" }
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W1496875128
Reccomendations
The purpose of this study was to compare the tibiofemoral contact forces during the landing phases of 8 different types of vertical jump squat, countermovement, hop approach and drop jumps each with and without the use of arms.
{ "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": "372.77" }
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W1544253935
Method
Data were collected from eight males and eight females.
{ "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": "350.91" }
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W1544253935
Method
Two SVHS camcorders and a force platform were used to obtain the 3D kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint.
{ "m": "Indicating the methodology for the current research", "s": "447.55" }
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W1544253935
Method
Activities of selected muscles spanning the knee joint were monitored using surface electromyographic EMG techniques.
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W1544253935
Method
The EMGassisted optimization model was used to estimate the tibiofemoral joint forces.
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W1544253935
Aims
The peak compressive contact forces ranged from 35 body weight SW and from 2.53.7 SW for the males and females, respectively.
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W1544253935
Result
These loads seldom fell within the range that is considered to be damaging to the cartilage at the knee.
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W1544253935
Result
Diana E.H. Russell ed.
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W2069509598
Background
Exposing Nuclear Phallacies Pergamon Press, The Athene Series, New York, 1989 Birgit Brock Utne, Feminist Perspectives on Peace and Education Pergamon Press, The Athene Series, New York, 1989 H. Patricia Hynes, The Recurring Silent Spring Pergamon Press, The Athene Series, New York, 1989.
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W2069509598
Method
Background Genetically determined Intellectual Disability ID is an intractable condition that involves severe impairment of mental abilities such as learning, reasoning and predicting the future.
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W1725011155
Importance
As of today, little is known about the placebo response in patients with ID. Objective To determine if placebo response exists in patients with genetically determined ID. Data sources and Study selection We searched MedlinePubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycINFO to find all placebocontrolled doubleblind randomized clinica...
{ "m": "Describing the research design and the methods used", "s": "494.64" }
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W1725011155
Method
Data extraction and synthesis Two investigators extracted outcome data independently.
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W1725011155
Method
Main outcomes and measures Biascorrected standardized mean difference Hedges g was computed for each outcome measure, using the Comprehensive MetaAnalysis software.
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W1725011155
Method
A priori defined patient subgroups were analyzed using a mixedeffect model.
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W1725011155
Method
The relationship between predefined continuous variable moderators age, IQ, year of publication and trial duration and effect size was analyzed using metaregression Results Twentytwo placebocontrolled doubleblind RCTs met the inclusion criteria n 721, mean age 17.1 years, 62 men, mean trial duration 35 weeks.
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W1725011155
Method
There was a significant overall placebo response from pre to posttreatment in patients with ID g 0.468, p 0.002, both for subjective outcomes a thirdpersons evaluation of the patient g 0.563, p 0.022 and objective outcomes direct evaluation of the patients abilities g 0.434, p 0.036.
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W1725011155
Method
Individuals with higher IQ had higher response to placebo p 0.02 and no placebo response was observed in ID patients with comorbid dementia.
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W1725011155
Result
A significant effect of age p 0.02 was found, indicating higher placebo responses in treatment of younger patients.
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W1725011155
Result
Conclusions and relevance Results suggest that patients with genetically determined ID improve in the placebo arm of RCTs.
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W1725011155
Hypothesis
Several mechanisms may contribute to placebo effects in ID, including expectancy, implicit learning and placebobyproxy induced by cliniciansfamily members.
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W1725011155
Background
As the condition is refractory, there is little risk that improvements are explained by spontaneous remission.
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W1725011155
Limitations
While new avenues for treatment of genetically determined ID are emerging, our results demonstrate how contextual factors can affect clinical outcomes and emphasize the importance of being vigilant on the role of placebos when testing novel treatments in ID.
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W1725011155
Purpose
We studied the influence of signal variability on human and model observer performances for a detection task with mammographic backgrounds and computer generated clustered lumpy backgrounds CLB.
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W2010814754
Method
We used synthetic yet realistic masses and backgrounds that have been validated by radiologists during previous studies, ensuring conditions close to the clinical situation.
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W2010814754
Method
Four trained nonphysician observers participated in twoalternative forcedchoice 2AFC experiments.
{ "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": "495.63" }
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W2010814754
Result
They were asked to detect synthetic masses superimposed on real mammographic backgrounds or CLB.
{ "m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose", "s": "534.26" }
[ 1.0337787866592407, 0.08126986771821976, -3.9305760860443115, -0.4155879318714142, 0.7778161764144897, 0.43706876039505005, -0.0940847396850586, 0.43309906125068665, -0.43537595868110657, -0.08248621970415115, -0.10562851279973984, 1.3407453298568726, 1.9742560386657715, 0.7810310125350952...
[ 0.26385223865509033, 0.5080118775367737, 0.030620461329817772, -0.16495239734649658, 1.2657679319381714, -0.10753461718559265, -0.1866621971130371, -0.6318809986114502, -0.06749150156974792, 0.558150053024292, -0.9845050573348999, 1.415374755859375, 0.23880542814731598, -0.8805208206176758...
W2010814754
Method
Separate experiments were conducted with sets of benign and malignant masses.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "544.4" }
[ 0.7569023966789246, 1.017428994178772, -3.7850966453552246, -1.2506942749023438, 0.6411856412887573, 0.6077279448509216, -0.18017543852329254, 0.07911338657140732, -0.2658216655254364, -0.7967597842216492, 0.7862710356712341, 0.729772686958313, 1.777611255645752, 0.4766171872615814, -1.2...
[ 0.2590731084346771, -0.25461897253990173, -0.8974877595901489, -0.7515138983726501, 1.3408843278884888, -0.1750478595495224, 0.9622592926025391, -1.6800174713134766, 0.6696927547454834, -1.345947027206421, -0.6318396925926208, 0.6033850312232971, -0.16985242068767548, 1.6487339735031128, ...
W2010814754
Method
Results under the signalknownexactly SKE paradigm were compared with signalknownstatistically SKS experiments.
{ "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": "422.3" }
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[ 1.3336237668991089, -1.3863500356674194, -2.3201966285705566, -1.5759875774383545, 2.7613978385925293, -1.003996729850769, 0.9261949062347412, -2.159099578857422, -0.6064508557319641, -0.5610432028770447, -0.5184536576271057, 1.6390172243118286, 0.27192384004592896, 1.8410242795944214, 0...
W2010814754
Result
In the latter case, the signal was chosen randomly for each of the 1,400 2AFC trials image pairs among a set of 50 masses with similar dimensions, and the observers did not know which signal was present.
{ "m": "Describing the process: adverbs of manner", "s": "518.37" }
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[ 2.1601293087005615, -0.0542951300740242, -2.4138851165771484, 0.044838644564151764, 2.727241039276123, 0.34215986728668213, 1.0436208248138428, -0.8987250328063965, -0.3743048310279846, 0.06977714598178864, -1.0399386882781982, -0.00629262812435627, 1.0349552631378174, 1.318243384361267, ...
W2010814754
Method
Human observers results were then compared with model observers channelized Hotelling with DifferenceofGaussian and Gabor channels in the same experimental conditions.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "386.52" }
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[ 0.7191559076309204, -1.6716746091842651, -1.889631986618042, -0.46623337268829346, 2.4827840328216553, -1.3213896751403809, 1.6065757274627686, -1.1785098314285278, -0.5351920127868652, 0.1291331946849823, -0.9441965818405151, 0.7942816019058228, -0.1223689466714859, 2.216402769088745, -...
W2010814754
Method
Results show that the performance of the human observers does not differ significantly when benign masses are superimposed on real images or on CLB with locally matched gray level mean and standard deviation.
{ "m": "Highlighting interesting or surprising results", "s": "385.36" }
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[ 1.6351501941680908, 1.5657131671905518, -0.9732972979545593, 0.04254058748483658, 1.840354561805725, 1.1440597772598267, 0.5795599818229675, -0.614043653011322, 0.5195122957229614, -1.8124148845672607, -0.8705166578292847, 0.5704739093780518, 0.6221323609352112, 0.06912035495042801, 0.06...
W2010814754
Result
For both benign and malignant masses, the performance does not differ significantly between SKE and SKS experiments, when the signals dimensions do not vary throughout the experiment.
{ "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": "394.37" }
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W2010814754
Method
However, there is a performance drop when the SKS signals dimensions vary from 5.5 to 9.5 mm in the same experiment.
{ "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": "385.7" }
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[ 1.2311151027679443, 0.9131361842155457, 0.8427683115005493, 0.3416067361831665, 0.37590593099594116, 1.6054612398147583, -0.7874061465263367, -0.28048211336135864, 0.9660995006561279, 0.17065154016017914, 1.4721726179122925, 0.4870735704898834, 0.005105696152895689, 0.8094328045845032, 0...
W2010814754
Result
Noise level in the model observers can be adjusted to reproduce human observers proportion of correct answers in the 2AFC task within 5 accuracy for most conditions.
{ "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting proportions", "s": "398.02" }
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[ 0.5516636967658997, 0.8637183904647827, -1.5742945671081543, 0.1808563619852066, 1.9663580656051636, -0.31162476539611816, 1.8039668798446655, -1.3534141778945923, 0.6266076564788818, -0.5023994445800781, 0.1384264975786209, 0.6127108335494995, 0.6746760606765747, 0.29236993193626404, -1...
W2010814754
Method
This article is focused on examining the meaning of peace in the Peloponnesian War.
{ "m": "Previous research: area investigated as the sentence object", "s": "539.21" }
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W2885613692
Background
In March of 421, after ten years of a devastating, disruptive, and burdensome war, the Athenians and the Spartans made peace on behalf of themselves and to those of their allies for whom they could speak, Weariness, the desire for peace, the desire of the Athenians to restore their financial resources, the Spartans wis...
{ "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society: time frame given", "s": "596.59" }
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W2885613692
Importance
The Greeks hoped would bring end to the great war.
{ "m": "Indicating an expected outcome", "s": "595.41" }
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W2885613692
Hypothesis
The peace has borne the name of Nicias.
{ "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": "571.3" }
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W2885613692
Result
In fact, the peace lasted no more than eight years, form the spring of 413, the Sicilian expedition.
{ "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": "584.01" }
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W2885613692
Result
Nicias reputation for extraordinary piety further strengthened his appeal to the Athenians.
{ "m": "Comparing the result: supporting previous findings", "s": "477.7" }
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W2885613692
Result
Thucydides treats Nicias too sympathetically and should show sympathy for one of his characters.
{ "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": "492.81" }
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W2885613692
Limitations
Plutarchs comment on Nicias vulnerability was that his cowardice was a source of income for the ratbags Nicias 4.3.
{ "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": "522.5" }
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W2885613692
Result
Nicias could appreciate the difficulty both of controlling the Athenians demos, at whose hands he had suffered banishment, and of conducting a blockade at Syracuse.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "482.81" }
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W2885613692
Hypothesis
Nicias does not achieve political success because he does not understand the nature of politics.
{ "m": "Stating a negative result", "s": "494.93" }
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W2885613692
Result
Nicias is clever but is not wise a leader.
{ "m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution", "s": "566.4" }
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W2885613692
Limitations
Nicias record indicates himself a man prone to fear of failure.
{ "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": "599.03" }
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W2885613692
Importance
He was one of the unfortunate psychological casualties of Athenian democracy.
{ "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": "579.09" }
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W2885613692
Background
Nicias certainly was the leader of the Moderates, and his attitude toward peace was that of a statesman who, while deploring war, never sacrificed the honor or interests.
{ "m": "Commenting on the strengths of the current study", "s": "594.22" }
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W2885613692
Result
Thucydides did not only present the political man but as a tragic warner.
{ "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": "541.8" }
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W2885613692
Result
During the erection of prestressed concrete bridges cable couplers are often used in the construction joints.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "422.11" }
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W1504672784
Method
Observed damage in many coupled construction joints of prestressed bridges in the Federal Republic of Germany has led the Swedish National Road Administration to look into the problem.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "494.91" }
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W1504672784
Result
An investigation was initiated at Lulea University of Technology with the main purpose to examine in which degree a coupled joint reduce the fatigue strength of a prestressed concrete structure.
{ "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: researcher prominent", "s": "411.73" }
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W1504672784
Background
Fatigue tests have thus been carried out on twenty prestressed concrete beams.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "490.48" }
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W1504672784
Method
Fourteen of the beams were furnished with a cable coupler in the midspan and six beams had no cable coupler.
{ "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": "509.45" }
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W1504672784
Method
The coupled beams showed in some cases a fatigue strength which was only 1214 per cent of the fatigue strength of the uncoupled beams.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "463.5" }
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W1504672784
Result
Some probable causes to the coupled beams lower fatigue life are discussed in the paper and tests on beams with modified coupler show that is possible to improve the fatigue strengths of coupled beams.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "477.45" }
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W1504672784
Hypothesis
The actual test conditions in the investigation do not always represent the situation of large bridge girders.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "468.44" }
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W1504672784
Hypothesis
However, it is believed that general tendencies with regard to the test results are representative for bridge structures as well as other jointed prestressed structures.
{ "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": "400.25" }
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W1504672784
Hypothesis
AuthorTRRL
{ "m": "Describing what other writers do in their published work", "s": "444.06" }
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W1504672784
Method
Objectives To determine the differences in pupillary light reflex PLR between the acute and chronic phases of optic neuritis ON and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy NAION.
{ "m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose", "s": "536.51" }
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W2767161411
Method
Methods The study included 30 patients with ON and 22 patients with NAION whose PLR were measured by a dynamic pupillometer PLR200 NeurOptics Inc., Irvine, USA.
{ "m": "Explaining the provenance of the participants", "s": "405.06" }
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W2767161411
Method
Agematched controls included 58 healthy individuals with normal vision and optic nerve function.
{ "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": "379.21" }
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W2767161411
Method
Pupil diameters, latency, constriction ratio, constriction velocity and dilation velocity were noted.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "437.67" }
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W2767161411
Method
The differences in PLR measurements were compared among the acute and chronic phases of ON and NAION, and in agematched controls.
{ "m": "Synthesising sources: contrasting evidence or ideas", "s": "491.2" }
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W2767161411
Uncertainty
Regression analysis determined factors associated with PLR measurements, including visual acuity, color vision defect, visual field defects and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements on optical coherence tomography.
{ "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": "470.65" }
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W2767161411
Method
Results Pupillary constriction velocity, constriction ratio and latency were all significantly decreased in the acute phase of ON and NAION.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "379.96" }
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W2767161411
Result
ON showed significantly delayed constriction latency compared to NAION P 0.047.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "446.88" }
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W2767161411
Result
Pupillary constriction velocity, constriction ratio and latency were recovered in the chronic phase of ON P 0.038, 0.018, and 0.045, however, these parameters were not recovered in NAION P 0.693, 0.173 and 0.994.
{ "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": "458.4" }
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W2767161411
Result
Conclusions Pupillary constriction velocity, constriction ratio, and latency were significantly decreased in the acute phase of ON and NAION compared to normal controls.
{ "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": "335.37" }
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W2767161411
Result
ON showed delayed constriction latency compared to NAION.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "456.82" }
[ 1.338010549545288, 1.144824743270874, -3.6024010181427, -0.590093731880188, 0.8297373652458191, -0.5884169340133667, 0.8983091115951538, 0.36402761936187744, 0.3102022707462311, -0.455800324678421, -0.48901718854904175, 1.6309130191802979, 1.2683947086334229, -0.019108690321445465, 1.242...
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W2767161411
Result
Decreased PLR were recovered in the chronic phase of ON, but not in NAION.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "427.56" }
[ 1.7317215204238892, -0.4992944598197937, -3.6191964149475098, -0.13004088401794434, -0.26127415895462036, -0.3098607361316681, -0.4147184491157532, 0.2727515697479248, 0.9492977857589722, -0.7349272966384888, -0.20248576998710632, 1.034888505935669, 0.2812184691429138, -0.40950050950050354...
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W2767161411
Result
Comparative research involving cats and research with humans support the hypothesis that anxiety reduction following acute exercise may be caused by elevations in core temperature.
{ "m": "Comparing the result: supporting previous findings", "s": "353.51" }
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[ 1.6018058061599731, 1.0250896215438843, 0.5585676431655884, 0.2834232449531555, 1.1392717361450195, 0.3125612437725067, -2.7193284034729004, -0.6980425715446472, -0.17010140419006348, -0.6861084699630737, -0.35493728518486023, 0.44655561447143555, 0.2550119459629059, 1.3241392374038696, ...
W1979719038
Result
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of underwater finning on state anxiety, core temperature, heart rate, respiration rate and the use of compressed air.
{ "m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose", "s": "360.59" }
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W1979719038
Method
Certified scuba divers n 15 finned underwater at a pace of 0.52 ms for 20 min. The results indicate that core temperature did not increase during exercise, but heart rate, respiration rate and the consumption of compressed air did increase significantly.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "379.94" }
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W1979719038
Result
State anxiety decreased below baseline levels by 15 min following exercise.
{ "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": "499.28" }
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[ 2.8620574474334717, -0.015093905851244926, -2.4351534843444824, 0.42771095037460327, 1.6974754333496094, 0.8858920335769653, 1.1937412023544312, 0.6571545004844666, 1.435555338859558, -1.5220088958740234, -0.7890892028808594, 2.316525936126709, 0.5449192523956299, 0.4926435053348541, 1.7...
W1979719038
Result
Since core temperature did not rise, it is concluded that the anxiolytic effect of underwater exercise may not depend on elevated core temperature.
{ "m": "Indicating an expected outcome", "s": "472.93" }
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W1979719038
Hypothesis
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to use a recent development in statisical theory known as parametric modeling to forecast wheat yields in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Argentina.
{ "m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)", "s": "459.85" }
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W2023834844
Purpose
The essence of this approach is that the data are used for identifying and estimating random components in the form of moving average and autoregressive processes.
{ "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": "461.76" }
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W2023834844
Method
It does not identify and measure structural relationships as is attempted when forecasting with econometric models.
{ "m": "Stating a negative result", "s": "411.83" }
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W2023834844
Result
Exponential smoothing is also used to forecast yields in the United States and Canada.
{ "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": "463.24" }
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W2023834844
Result