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First, it seemed to me that a fouryear moratorium would not seriously slow down the pace of research in this area.
W2079063085
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Supporters of stem cell research and research...
W2079063085
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The medium for biofilm formation by B.bifidium was optimized by statistical methodology for the first time.
W2353700941
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Describing the process: statistical procedures
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Twolevel factorials of PlackettBurman design was applied to evaluate the influence of related nutrients on biofilm formation.
W2353700941
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The sodium chloride,manganese sulfate and galactose were confirmed as critical factors in the medium.
W2353700941
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The orthogonal design was used to determine the optimal region of these factors for biofilm formation.
W2353700941
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Then the optimized level of these factors was determined by response surface methodology.
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The predicted maximal biofilm formation appeared at the region where the concentrations of manganese sulfate,galactose and sodium chloride were 0.005 gL,25 gL and 0.1 molL,respectively.
W2353700941
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The correlation between predicted value and measured value of these experiments proved the validity of the response model.
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The biofilm formation increased 1.5 times in the optimized medium compared to that in the original medium.
W2353700941
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangement and cleavage of the Grignard reagent from 5chloromethylnorborneneE.
W1977354901
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Alexander Hill, King Hsieh, Kevin Condroski, Heidi Sonnentag, Donald Skalitzky, and Donald GagasCite this J. Org.
W1977354901
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802,327.0625
Chem.
W1977354901
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1989, 54, 22, 52865292Publication Date PrintOctober 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989httpsdoi.org10.1021jo00283a022RIGHTS PERMISSIONSArticle Views379AltmetricCitations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTERcompliant sum of full text article downloads s...
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
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Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily.
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Describing the process: using + instrument
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Find more information about Crossref citation counts.
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Reference to previous research: important studies
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The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online.
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
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Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF 966 KB Get eAlertsclose Get eAlerts
W1977354901
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Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
866,556.9375
In this paper, we propose an approach to identify the driving environment for autonomous highway vehicles by means of image processing and computer vision techniques.
W2127170485
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
821,084
The proposed approach is mainly composed of two consecutive computational steps.
W2127170485
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
657,237
The first step is the lane markings detection, used to identify the location of host vehicle and road geometry.
W2127170485
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
708,364.9375
The second one is the vehicle detection that can provide relative position and speed between host vehicle and each preceding vehicle.
W2127170485
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
729,486
The proposed approach has been validated in several realworld scenes.
W2127170485
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Indicating an expected outcome
648,254
Herein, the experimental results indicate low false alarm and low false dismissal and have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed detection approach.
W2127170485
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Reporting positive and negative reactions
625,013
There is no achievement of man for which biological models play such an important role as in aeronautics.
W2197305093
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
759,203.0625
And in no technical development is the relationship between technology and nature so difficult.
W2197305093
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Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution
782,482
Man became able to fly he became able to fly at supersonic speeds and he became able to explore space with his flying machines.
W2197305093
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
644,843
Still, even after 100 years of aeronautics, the yearning for the silent, efficient, reliable flight of birds remains strong.
W2197305093
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Describing the process: using + instrument
669,249
The question whether the natural way of flying is technically reproducible or is going to remain a dream for the engineer is still an open one.
W2197305093
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Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
679,971.0625
This question is strongly related to the question of geometrical adaptability of airfoils in other words, with the technical possibility of realising airfoils which can be properly deformed, statically as well as dynamically.
W2197305093
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Stating what is currently known about the topic
764,756
In the most advanced conception of bioinspired flight, wings work additionally as rudders, flaps and propulsion systems but even small steps towards this vision, such as quasistatic adaptation of airfoil geometry for a conventionally propelled aircraft, promise a dramatic improvement in efficiency and manoeuvrability.
W2197305093
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Explaining the provenance of articles for review
808,672
The abovementioned crucial question concerning geometrical adaptability of airfoils constitutes a multidisciplinary question of applied mechanics, primarily covering the areas of structural mechanics, material science and actuator technology but also strongly related to other disciplines, among them fluid mechanics and...
W2197305093
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
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This contribution gives a broad insight into the conceptual and historical background of the adaptive airfoil issue and provides an overview on the actual stand of research on this topic.
W2197305093
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Describing the characteristics of the participants
677,491.0625
Some crucial aspects like the conflict between the main requirements of deformability, loadcarrying capability and low weight as well as the role of a coupled mechanical design are addressed in more detail.
W2197305093
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Explaining the provenance of the participants
709,104.9375
The final part of the paper focuses on the authors own work on airfoils with variable camber and optimisation of compliant systems for shape control.
W2197305093
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Explaining the provenance of articles for review
797,042
In particular, the socalled beltrib structural concept for shapeadaptable airfoil structures is presented and discussed.
W2197305093
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
711,903.0625
This concept implements a revolutionary design philosophy which completely relies on structural flexibility in order to produce large geometry changes.
W2197305093
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Reference to previous research: important studies
740,144
Former approaches to shapeadaptable airfoils, which are documented in hundreds of patents or patent applications worldwide, were substantially based on conventional articulated systems with moveable parts, involving strong weight penalties which made them unfeasible for practical applications.
W2197305093
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Indicating an expected outcome
768,795.0625
Due to their www.witpress.com, ISSN 17558336 online 2006 WIT Press WIT Transactions on State of the Art in Science and Engineering, Vol 4, doi10.249518456409505c ShapeAdaptive WingsThe Unfulfilled Dream of Flight 401 optimised design, beltrib airfoils keep a light construction while offering large shape adaptability as...
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Describing the research design and the methods used
719,298
Studies were carried out on the delta 5desaturation reaction in ergosterol biosynthesis with a particulate fraction of cellfree extract of yeast.
W1697350122
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
679,446
A reduced pyridine nucleotide coenzyme and molecular oxygen were required for the reaction.
W1697350122
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Reporting positive and negative reactions
649,223
It was shown that the enzyme activity is located in a fraction corresponding to microsomes.
W1697350122
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Previous research: Approaches taken
706,963.0625
The reaction was inhibited by KCN, but not by CO. Menadione and potassium ferricyanide inhibited the NADPH and NADHdependent reactions, respectively, and cytochrome c inhibited both of them.
W1697350122
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
605,009
These results suggested an involvement in delta 5desaturation of a mixed function oxidase system resembling that for the fatty acylCoA desaturation reaction.
W1697350122
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
640,474
The lungs are among the most common sites for metastases from a multitude of cancers.
W2012285345
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Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
659,741
The majority of pulmonary metastases appear nodular on radiologic images.
W2012285345
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Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
785,108
Interstitial spread of tumor through pulmonary lymphatics, also known as pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis PLC, is not uncommon and constitutes approximately 7 of pulmonary metastases.
W2012285345
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Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study
719,244
PLC is most often seen with adenocarcinoma of a variety of histologies such as thyroid carcinoma, and melanoma.
W2012285345
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Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
798,494
It is usually noted in late stages of malignancy and therefore is indicative of a poor prognosis.
W2012285345
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
663,645
Diagnosis of PLC is usually based on a combination of clinical and radiologic findings.
W2012285345
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society: time frame given
723,488
However, the diagnosis is difficult when patients have limited clinical findings or have a history of or the possibility of other interstitial lung diseases.
W2012285345
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Offering an explanation for the findings
668,320
Highresolution computed tomography HRCT has been the modality of choice in the radiologic diagnosis of PLC.
W2012285345
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Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)
527,456
Imaging features of PLC on HRCT include thickening of interlobular septa, fissures, and bronchovascular bundles.
W2012285345
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
709,204
Distribution of PLC may be focal or diffuse, unilateral or bilateral, and symmetric or asymmetric.
W2012285345
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Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)
790,807.0625
Although FDGPET has been extensively used in primary or secondary lung malignancies, its role and appearance in PLC have not been well determined in the literature.
W2012285345
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Referring to secondary sources
820,728.9375
In this communication, we describe a spectrum of FDGPET and CT findings in 5 cases with PLC.
W2012285345
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
706,775.0625
Similar to CT, the distribution of PLC can be extensive or limited on the FDGPET.
W2012285345
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Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
690,926
Diffuse, lobar, or segmental FDG uptake in the lungs is seen in extensive PLC.
W2012285345
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Stating purpose of the current research with reference to gaps or issues in the literature
806,295.0625
In limited PLC, a linear or a hazy area of FDG uptake extending from the tumor can be seen.
W2012285345
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Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
753,804.9375
Recognition of various patterns related to PLC on FDGPET may allow accurate diagnosis of disease and could potentially influence the management of these patients.
W2012285345
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Referring to secondary sources
759,960
Throughout our lives we engage in problem solving, which is thought to depend on executive functions EFs e.g., inhibition, shifting and working memory.
W872461402
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Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
747,732
Previous work has identified the need to consider these abilities in an everyday context.
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Indicating an expected outcome", "s": 747856 }, { "m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)", "s": 777166 }, { "m": "Previous research: What has been established or proposed", "s": 782144 }, { "m": "Noting implications of the findings", "s": 787114 ...
Referring to previous work to establish what is already known
709,792
EF skills are known to be impaired in Williams syndrome WS and Down syndrome DS.
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[ { "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": 797232.9375 }, { "m": "Previous research: Approaches taken", "s": 808168 }, { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 822262 }, { "m": "Referring to secondary sources", "s": 842236.9375 } ]
Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
740,300
This thesis aims to investigate experimental and reallife problem solving in WS and DS, and how these groups use EF skills to solve problems, through experimental and questionnairebased crosssyndrome comparisons.
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting response rates", "s": 733767.0625 }, { "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": 736119.0625 }, { "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": 772136 }, { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpos...
Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas
730,942
Participants with WS and DS aged 1224 years Ns20 and typically developing TD controls N56 nonverbal matched subset 20 completed the Tower of London TOL problemsolving task and a battery of EF tests.
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 702540.9375 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 712736 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 731964.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy ...
Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
627,059
In a separate study, parents WS, DS, TD total N112 completed the BRIEF Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning and a novel ProblemSolving Questionnaire.
W872461402
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Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed
639,667
The WS group, but not the DS group, scored more poorly on the TOL than the nonverbalmatched controls.
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 619682 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 624237 }, { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": 653304 }, { "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participan...
Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
569,975
In WS, developmental trajectory analysis indicated overreliance on planning for TOL performance for low planning scores.
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 819262 }, { "m": "Previous research: What has been established or proposed", "s": 828283.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 832063.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to data in a table or chart"...
Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
817,912.9375
For the DS group only speed of picture matching was associated with TOL performance, while more rule violations were exhibited than for the WS group.
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": 668525 }, { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 694331.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": 695260.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to another writer’s ...
Offering an explanation for the findings
664,154
Questionnaire scores were poor for the WS group in relation to DS and TD groups.
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": 704995.0625 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 714644 }, { "m": "Describing the process: statistical procedures", "s": 714740 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting themes", "...
Describing questionnaire design
646,924
Asking for help for the DS group, and becoming emotional for the WS group, was related to reaching the solution.
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 623046 }, { "m": "Describing the process: using + instrument", "s": 684678 }, { "m": "Referring to data in a table or chart", "s": 719236.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation pro...
Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
542,227
In general, associations between experimental and everyday measures were scarce.
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)", "s": 763622 }, { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": 768584 }, { "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": 780766 }, { "m": "Describing previously used methods", "s": 7951...
Describing the process: sequence words
753,531.0625
It was concluded that while EFs planning, visuospatial working memory were constraining factors for WS problem solving, alternative strategies were used by the DS group to reach the solution reallife problem solving should be considered in its own right and poor WS problem solving may be related to emotional difficulti...
W872461402
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[ { "m": "Describing the process: using + instrument", "s": 732672 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 781096 }, { "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": 791200 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in t...
Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
613,951
Anthracycline resistance is known to be mediated by Pglycoprotein Pgp or multidrugresistance related protein MRP as well as intracellular sequestration of drugs.
W2012121129
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[ { "m": "Describing what other writers do in their published work", "s": 836856 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 851274 }, { "m": "Referring to data in a table or chart", "s": 852070 }, { "m": "Referring to secondary sources",...
Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
822,742
The resistance phenotype of doxorubicinselected MCF7DXR human breast adenocarcinoma cell line was characterized by cellular and nuclear daunorubicin efflux, Pgp and MRP expression and apoptosis induction.
W2012121129
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[ { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 738496 }, { "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": 801627.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": 808043.0625 }, { "m"...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
736,020
Daunorubicin sequestration was investigated through organelle markers lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and daunorubicin colocalization by dualcolor image analysis fluorescence microscopy using high numerical aperture objective lenses to achieve the smallest field depth and the best lateral resolutio...
W2012121129
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[ { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 791172 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 806199.0625 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 831788 }, { "m": "Describin...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
753,475.0625
Signal to noise and specificity ratios were optimized for daunorubicin and organelle fluorescent probes labeling.
W2012121129
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[ { "m": "Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)", "s": 796628 }, { "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": 816310 }, { "m": "Previous research: Approaches taken", "s": 822798 }, { "m": "Previewing a chapter"...
Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
721,296.9375
An original image analysis procedure was developed to investigate daunorubicin and organelles colocalization.
W2012121129
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[ { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 757036 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 781654 }, { "m": "Highlighting significant data in a table or chart", "s": 798760.9375 }, { "m": "Synthesising sources: suppo...
Previous research: What has been established or proposed
679,032.9375
The reliability of the image analysis was controlled through chromatic shift and intensity linearity measurement using calibrated microbeads.
W2012121129
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[ { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 761344 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 770808.9375 }, { "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": 776619.0625 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowl...
Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
755,092
The main contribution 65 of Golgi vesicles in daunorubicin sequestration was demonstrated.
W2012121129
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[ { "m": "Indicating missing, weak, or contradictory evidence", "s": 875376 }, { "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of interest", "s": 875703.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 886015.0625 }, { "m": "Previ...
Previous research: area investigated as the sentence object
827,047.0625
Although no rational relationship could be established between daunorubicin sequestration and apoptosis induction, no apoptosis was observed in MCF7DXR cells.
W2012121129
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Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
613,379
In addition to Pglycoprotein mediated drug efflux and without MRP overexpression, MCF7DXR daunorubicin resistance phenotype involves drug sequestration within intracellular vesicles identified as Golgi vesicles and resistance to apoptosis induction.
W2012121129
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
803,490
The suitability and effectiveness of whole body vibration WBV exercise in rehabilitation after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament ACL was studied using a specially designed WBV protocol.
W136748859
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Highlighting interesting or surprising results
661,903
We wanted to test the hypothesis if WBV leads to superior short term results regarding neuromuscular performance strength and coordination and would be less time consuming than a current standard muscle strengthening protocol.
W136748859
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Summarising the results section
789,894
In this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, forty patients who tore their ACL and underwent subsequent ligament reconstruction were enrolled.
W136748859
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Surveys and interviews: Introducing excerpts from interview data
750,632.9375
Patients were randomized to the whole body vibration n20 or standard rehabilitation exercise protocol n20.
W136748859
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
762,898
Both protocols started in the 2nd week after surgery.
W136748859
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Referring to important texts in the area of interest
708,258
Isometric and isokinetic strength measurements, clinical assessment, Lysholm score, neuromuscular performance were conducted weeks 2, 5, 8 and 11 after surgery.
W136748859
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Previous research: Approaches taken
752,832
Time spent for rehabilitation exercise was reduced to less than a half in the WBV group.
W136748859
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
781,428
There were no statistically significant differences in terms of clinical assessment, Lysholm score, isokinetic and isometric strength.
W136748859
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Offering an explanation for the findings
719,248.9375
The WBV group displayed significant better results in the stability test.
W136748859
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Offering an explanation for the findings
676,036
In conclusion, preliminary data indicate that our whole body vibration muscle exercise protocol seems to be a good alternative to a standard exercise program in ACLrehabilitation.
W136748859
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Transition: moving to the next result
721,828.9375
Despite of its significant reduced time requirement it is at least equally effective compared to a standard rehabilitation protocol.
W136748859
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Giving reasons why a particular method was rejected
829,911.0625
Key pointsIn this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis if WBV leads to superior short term results regarding neuromuscular performance strength and coordination and would be less time consuming than a current standard muscle strengthening protocol in forty patients who underwent AC...
W136748859
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Transition: moving to the next result
782,072
Time spent for rehabilitation exercise was reduced to less than a half in the WBV group as compared to the standard exercise group.
W136748859
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
742,059.0625
Both protocols showed no differences regarding clinical assessment, Lysholm score, isokinetic and isometric strength.
W136748859
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Offering an explanation for the findings
740,256
Despite a more than 50 reduction in time spent for exercise sessions, the WBV group achieved significant better results in the stability test.
W136748859
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Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form
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