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Current methods yield the mean velocity at one position, whereas the new method reveals the transverse velocity spectrum as a function of time at one spatial location.
W2037324127
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Previous research: area investigated as the sentence subject
553,783
A convex array probe is used along with two different estimators based on the correlation of the received signal.
W2037324127
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
663,775
They can estimate the velocity spectrum as a function of time as for ordinary spectrograms, but they also work at a beamtoflow angle of 90.
W2037324127
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Previous research: area investigated as the sentence subject
692,746
The approach is validated using simulations of pulsatile flow using the WomerslyEvans flow model.
W2037324127
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[ { "m": "Stating what is currently known about the topic", "s": 745942 }, { "m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed", "s": 769744.9375 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 782144 }, { "m": "Referring to anot...
Surveys and interviews: Reporting response rates
700,856.9375
The relative bias of the mean estimated frequency is 13.6 and the mean relative standard deviation is 14.3 at 90, where a traditional estimator yields zero velocity.
W2037324127
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Offering an explanation for the findings
774,971.0625
Measurements have been conducted with an experimental scanner and a convex array transducer.
W2037324127
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Making recommendations for further research work
703,688.9375
A pump generated artificial femoral and carotid artery flow in the phantom.
W2037324127
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
734,835.0625
The estimated spectra degrade when the angle is different from 90, but are usable down to 60 to 70.
W2037324127
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Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
615,509
Below this angle the traditional spectrum is best and should be used.
W2037324127
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Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas
746,744
The conventional approach can automatically be corrected for angles from 0 to 70 to give fully quantitative velocity spectra without operator intervention.
W2037324127
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
795,031.0625
Failures in the establishment of chromosomal, gonadal and phenotypic sex can cause intersexuality in dogs.
W130738194
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[ { "m": "Suggestions for future work", "s": 761872.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 783351.0625 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 795662 }...
Referring to important texts in the area of interest
750,807.0625
Thus, diagnosis of chimaerism, mosaicism, sex reversal syndrome, and male or female pseudohermaphroditism in intersex individuals has to be based on the inspection of the chromosomes, gonads and the phenotypic appearance of the reproductive organs.
W130738194
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[ { "m": "Reference to previous research: important studies", "s": 647022 }, { "m": "Comparing the result: supporting previous findings", "s": 650309 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
583,832
In a study over two years, seven dogs of different breeds suspected to be intersexes were cytogenetically investigated.
W130738194
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Previous research: area investigated as the sentence subject
792,282
A srynegative XXsex reversal syndrome was diagnosed in a Jack Russel Terrier.
W130738194
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[ { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 857311.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 868068 }, { "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": 872344 }, { "m": "Comparing the result: s...
Previous research: Approaches taken
706,647.0625
In a mixbred dog a persistent Mullerian duct syndrome PMDS was found and a Border Terrier Dog showed an XXXY chromosomal chimaerism.
W130738194
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[ { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", "s": 853956 }, { "m": "Making recommendations for further research work", "s": 868048.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 870407.0625 }, { "m": "Highlighting inadequac...
Previous research: Approaches taken
820,052
In further four dogs of different breeds, a female constitution of sex chromosomes was seen.
W130738194
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Giving reasons why a particular method was rejected
754,171.0625
As a sign of intersexuality each of these dog showed an enlarged clitoris.
W130738194
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[ { "m": "Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)", "s": 855903.0625 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting themes", "s": 856443.0625 }, { "m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)", "s": 866775.0625 }, { "...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
821,844
A differentiation between XXsex reversal syndrome and female pseudohermaphroditism was not possible because there was no information on the internal genital tract and gonads available.
W130738194
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[ { "m": "General comments on the relevant literature", "s": 767388 }, { "m": "Setting out the research questions or hypotheses", "s": 767879.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": 776796.9375 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result"...
Describing questionnaire design
760,626
Components fabricated of, or coated with, ceramics have lower parasitic cooling requirements.
W1482934021
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[ { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 759280 }, { "m": "Outlining the structure of a short paper", "s": 782548.9375 }, { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 783098 }, { "m": "Noting implications of the findings", "s":...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
674,480.9375
Techniques are discussed for fabricating thinshell ceramic components and ceramic coatings for applications in rocket or jet engine environments.
W1482934021
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[ { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 758846 }, { "m": "Stating the focus, aim, or argument of a short paper", "s": 763936.9375 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the current study", "s": 779136.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy withi...
Explaining the provenance of articles for review
702,582
Thin ceramic shells with complex geometric forms involving convolutions and reentrant surfaces were fabricated by mandrel removal.
W1482934021
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[ { "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": 842184.9375 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "s": 860188 }, { "m": "Synthesising sources: contrasting evidence or ideas", "s": 899175.0625 }, { "m": "Referring back to the purpose ...
Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
788,350
Mandrel removal was combined with electroplating or plasma spraying and isostatic pressing to form a metal support for the ceramic.
W1482934021
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[ { "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": 820684.9375 }, { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 841468 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 851392.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to ...
Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
794,440
Rocket engine thrust chambers coated with 0.08 mm 3 mil of ZrO28Y2O3 had no failures and a tenfold increase in engine life.
W1482934021
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[ { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 796240.9375 }, { "m": "Previous research: A historic perspective", "s": 805102 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 811380 }, { "m": "Highlighting intere...
Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
705,294
Some measured mechanical properties of the plasmasprayed ceramic are presented.
W1482934021
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[ { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 772472 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 812374 }, { "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": 830488.9375 }, { "m": "Indicating methodologi...
Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
730,167.0625
Objective To evaluate the effect of liaisons cognition improvement through blood glucose testing training in the hospital.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 732480 }, { "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": 742042 }, { "m": "Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study", "...
Describing the process: sequence words
696,960.9375
Methods A selfdesigned questionnaire was applied.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "Setting out the research questions or hypotheses", "s": 753206 }, { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": 784548 }, { "m": "Describing previously used methods", "s": 793848.9375 }, { "m": "Indicating methodological problems or limitations", ...
Describing questionnaire design
594,847
The training period was from July 2012 to August 2012.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": 726236 }, { "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": 763016 }, { "m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for", "s": 772111.0625 }, { ...
Introducing the limitations of the current study
723,828.9375
Prior to the start of training and 1 year after the training, there were 37 liaisons in 37 departments participated in this quality control of blood glucose monitoring investigation.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 628062 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": 642199 }, { "m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants", "s": 644837 }, { "m": "Describing the li...
Indicating the methodology for the current research
615,692
The effectiveness of training was analyzed by χ2test.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 631311 }, { "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": 634383 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": 638184 }, { "m": "Setting out the research q...
Explaining the provenance of the participants
596,691
Results ①All the 37 liaison cases were taken part in the training.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": 697971.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the process: sequence words", "s": 713714 }, { "m": "Previewing a chapter", "s": 724359.0625 }, { "m": "Describing the limitations of the current study", "s": 742198 } ]
Introducing the limitations of the current study
640,949
The indexes of the quality control knowledge and behavior 1 year after the training were all better than those before the training, the differences were statistically significantP 0.01.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "Explaining the provenance of the participants", "s": 667595 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study", "s": 672020 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 682300.9375 }, { "m": "Summarisi...
Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
664,941
②The indexes of blood glucose monitoring results requirements, incontrollable analysis and processing related cognitive and behavior 1 year after the training were all better than those before the training, the differences were statistically significantP 0.01.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 683516 }, { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 693502 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society: time frame given", "s": 695358 }, { "m"...
Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form
645,796
③The indexes of portable blood glucose meter selection, maintenance, maintenance knowledge and behavior 1 year after the training were all better than those before the training, the differences were statistically significantP 0.01.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 754264.9375 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 772940.9375 }, { "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting eviden...
Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
749,215.0625
Conclusion The blood glucose testing quality control training can significantly improve the cognition of blood glucose monitoring knowledge in a short time and provide the basis for the development of blood glucose monitoring quality control training and standardized management.
W2370707272
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[ { "m": "General comments on the relevant literature", "s": 664361 }, { "m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose", "s": 691887.0625 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline", "s": 712304 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest i...
Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
611,989
A 70yearold patient, who had previously undergone open surgical repair of an aneurysmal aberrant right subclavian artery ARSA, presented with recurrent symptoms and reperfusion of the aneurysm at the site of proximal ligation.
W2011464123
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[ { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 694571.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent", "s": 707715.0625 }, { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 713210 }, { "m": "Establising the imp...
Previous research: area investigated as the sentence subject
652,864
This was successfully treated by a staged endovascular procedure.
W2011464123
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[ { "m": "Summarising the literature review", "s": 678410 }, { "m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)", "s": 696067.0625 }, { "m": "Making recommendations for further research work", "s": 715230 }, { "m": "Giving r...
Referring to previous work to establish what is already known
666,593
Substrates that selectively encourage the growth of specific cell types are valuable for the engineering of complex tissues.
W2016083558
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[ { "m": "Commenting on the strengths of the current study", "s": 742739.0625 }, { "m": "General comments on the relevant literature", "s": 762234 }, { "m": "Commenting on the findings", "s": 762320 }, { "m": "Detailing specific limitations", "s": 768440 } ]
Pointing out interesting or important findings
734,268
Some cellselective peptides have been identified from extracellular matrix proteins these peptides have proven useful for biomaterialsbased approaches to tissue repair or regeneration.
W2016083558
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[ { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 682396 }, { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 692334 }, { "m": "Restating a result or one of several results", "s": 6996...
Reporting positive and negative reactions
651,545
However, there are very few examples of synthetic materials that display selectivity in supporting cell growth.
W2016083558
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[ { "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": 824862 }, { "m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was rejected", "s": 848432 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s"...
Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
742,518
We describe nylon3 polymers that support in vitro culture of endothelial cells but do not support the culture of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts.
W2016083558
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[ { "m": "Setting out the research questions or hypotheses", "s": 678496 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 679592.9375 }, { "m": "Summarising the results section", "s": 698740 }, { "m": "Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the st...
Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
677,322
These materials may be promising for vascular biomaterials applications.
W2016083558
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[ { "m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study", "s": 893162 }, { "m": "Noting implications of the findings", "s": 935387.0625 }, { "m": "Outlining the structure of a short paper", "s": 938392 }, { "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactio...
Suggesting general hypotheses
878,475.0625
Authenticating mobile computing users can require a significant amount of processing and communications resourcesparticularly when protocols based on public key encryption are invoked.
W2121776785
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[ { "m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form", "s": 921412.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of interest", "s": 927486 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 947251.0625 }, { "m": "Noting the lack of...
Describing the process: adverbs of manner
885,479.0625
These resource requirements can result in unacceptable response times for the user.
W2121776785
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
754,514
In this paper, we analyze adaptations of the public keyenabled Kerberos network authentication protocol to a mobile platform by measuring the service time of a skeleton implementation and constructing a closed queuing network model.
W2121776785
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Outlining the structure of a short paper
715,215.0625
Our adaptation of Kerberos introduces a proxy server between the client and the server to mitigate potential performance deficiencies and add functional benefits.
W2121776785
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Summarising the literature review
620,659
Our analysis indicates that assistance from the proxy makes public key Kerberos a viable authentication protocol from a performance perspective.
W2121776785
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Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research
685,792.9375
However, as wireless network speeds increase from current 2G levels to the 3G targets, the proxy can become a response time liability.
W2121776785
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
573,571
The proxys role in the protocol, while warranted in current applications, will have to be remodeled and reconsidered as both wireless transmission speeds and proxy processing speeds increase.
W2121776785
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Describing the research design and the methods used
670,904
Taking the complicated system characteristics of large agricultural water demand and serious nonpoint pollution in Tieling city into consideration,adopting the system dynamics method,the water resources carrying capacity system model for protecting water ecological environment health was established through comprehensi...
W2378584378
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Referring to important texts in the area of interest
776,999.0625
Dynamic changes of the carrying capacity of water resources in Tieling city from 2008 to 2020 were simulated under 4 kinds of schemes including current development type,economic development type,antipollution and watersaving type and sustainable development type.
W2378584378
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Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas
686,787.0625
The results show that the sustainable development type is the most feasible one to raise the carrying capacity of water resources and to ensure harmonious development of society,economy and environment in Tieling city.
W2378584378
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society
725,722
Although ecologists have long recognized the significance of persistence in determining the static and the intertemporal behavior of ecological systems, it is only very recently that economists have begun to study this notion in relation to the use of services that are provided by jointly determined ecologicaleconomic ...
W2086438560
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
601,450
As such, there are very few studies of ecologicaleconomic systems that explicitly recognize the ecological and the economic aspects of this use issue.
W2086438560
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
639,757
Given this state of affairs, this paper has two objectives.
W2086438560
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting themes
800,210
First, a new technique is used to mathematically characterize and bound the concept of an ecologicaleconomic systems persistence.
W2086438560
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Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
760,648.9375
This technique explicitly incorporates the stochastic aspects of ecologicaleconomic systems.
W2086438560
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Transition: moving to the next result
736,683.0625
Second, the bound is used to study the problem of the optimal conservation of sepecies.
W2086438560
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Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study
651,041
The question addressed by this research was, When structural circumstances make revolutionary action likely, under what conditions will a cooptation strategy prevent subordinate revolts?
W1986730200
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Describing the research design and the methods used
694,723.0625
Experimental procedures established a group status hierarchy consisting of a leader and two subordinates.
W1986730200
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Describing the process: statistical procedures
750,616
Groups earned collective outcomes, and the leader usurped an inequitable portion of these outcomes.
W1986730200
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
660,083
In this context, the first experiment shows that a cooptation strategy i.e., offer of a promotion to one of two subordinates inhibits subordinate revolts.
W1986730200
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
698,538
Two additional experiments indicate that the cooptation strategy is most effective a if the offer strategy provides the target of cooptation a source of personal gain b if theoffer strategy is a result of the leaders own volition, rather than situational constraints and c if the leader converys a strong commitment to f...
W1986730200
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Describing the process: using + instrument
600,445
The results are interpreted with reference to subjectiveexpectedutility and reciprocity theories.
W1986730200
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Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form
809,182
General deviations that appear during the deep holes manufacturing are described.
W177999419
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Describing what other writers do in their published work
705,308
The analysis of existing methods of increasing the accuracy is carried out and Existing methods of increasing accuracy are analyzed and divided into four groups.
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Giving reasons why a particular method was rejected
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Disadvantages of each group are revealed.
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society: time frame given
691,815.0625
And the method of manufacturing with the usage of damping mechanism, which is aimed to reduce spiraling and deviation of deep holes axis in relation to tools axis, is developed.
W177999419
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Describing the research design and the methods used
647,839
The purpose of this study was to identify preservice elementary teachers attitudes towards and views about the drama course.
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
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The study was conducted with 104 students enrolled in Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, College of Education Elementary Education program in 20122013 school year in fall semester and in a drama course.
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
666,885
The Attitudes towards Creative Drama Course Scale, developed by Adiguzel 2006 and including 50 likert scale items, was used as a data collection tool and employed as a pre and post test.
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Summarising the literature review
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The students were asked to write a text about what they learned throughout the course.
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Introducing the limitations of the current study
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The written text was analyzed using descriptive analysis by using direct quotations.
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Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
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Findings indicated that there was no significant difference based on gender and education program type evening program and normal program, however there was a significant difference between pre and post test.
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Restating a result or one of several results
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It is found that preservice elementary teachers views included explanations showing a positive attitude towards creative drama courses.
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Offering an explanation for the findings
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Abstract As the pace of hospital informatization construction continues to accelerate, information network technologies are being used more and more extensively in the medical industry.
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Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
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These advanced technologies make medical businesses more and more dependent on industry information and data, which brings about network system security issues that cannot be ignored.
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Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
724,376.9375
To strengthen the daily operation and management of hospitals, ensure the stable operation of computer systems, and do a good job in protecting the security of hospital computer system network information, this paper designs a risk assessment method for hospital computer network information security based on SAE deep n...
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Stating the aims of the current research (note frequent use of past tense)
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The experimental results prove that the proposed method can effectively improve the reliability of the evaluation results and ensure the accuracy of the evaluation results.
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Describing the characteristics of the participants
685,286
According to the obtained information security model, it can effectively guide the construction and application of hospital computer network information systems, optimize the system network, and promote the development of hospital informatization.
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
734,548
Nursing and Residential CareVol.
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Transition: moving to the next result
654,520
19, No. 4 CommentThe value of exercise in managing arthritisJulie SwannJulie SwannSearch for more papers by this authorJulie SwannPublished Online11 Mar 2017httpsdoi.org10.12968nrec.2017.19.4.191AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDFEPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare o...
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
674,368
Chapter 6 Older adults 65 years.
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[ { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 723091.0625 }, { "m": "Highlighting interesting or surprising results", "s": 732388 }, { "m": "Pointing out interesting or important findings", "s": 732550 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance ...
Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
714,838
httpbit.ly1LmuPJL accessed 24 January 2017 Google ScholarDunlop D, Song J, Lee J et al. 2016 Physical activity minimum threshold predicting improved function in adults with lower limb symptoms.
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[ { "m": "Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position", "s": 827412.9375 }, { "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": 843822 }, { "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of interest", "s": 866428 }, { "m": "Reference to previous research: impor...
Reporting positive and negative reactions
767,120
Arthritis Care Res Hoboken.
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[ { "m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution", "s": 948214 }, { "m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas", "s": 957387.0625 }, { "m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions", "s": 959648 }, { "m": "Pointing out interesting o...
Stating the focus, aim, or argument of a short paper
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httpsdoi.orghttpdx.doi.org10.1002acr.23181 Google ScholarUS Department of Health and Human Services 2017 Physical activity guidelines for Americans.
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httpbit.ly2d5KouW accessed 24 January 2017 Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2 March 2017Volume 19Issue 4ISSN print 14659301ISSN online 20522932 Metrics History Published online 11 March 2017 Published in print 2 March 2017 Information MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download
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CreutzfeldtJakob disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system caused by infectious proteins called prions and typically presents with progressive dementia and myoclonus.
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Here, we report a second probable case from midEastern region of India.
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We have carried out nanosecond fluorescence polarization studies of genetically engineered immunoglobulins to determine the structural features controlling their segmental flexibility.
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The proteins studied were hybrids of a relatively rigid isotype mouse IgG1 and a relatively flexible one mouse IgG2a.
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They have identical light chains and heavy chain variable regions and have the same combining sites for epsilondansylLlysine, a fluorescent hapten.
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The fluorescence of the bound dansyl chromophore was excited at 348 nm with subnanosecond laser pulses, and the emission in the nanosecond time range was measured with a singlephotoncounting apparatus.
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The emission anisotropy kinetics of the hybrid antibodies revealed that segmental flexibility is controlled by the heavy chain constant region 1 CH1 as well as by the hinge.
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In contrast, the CH2 and CH3 domains did not influence segmental flexibility.
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The hinge and CH1 domains must be properly matched to allow facile movement of the Fab units.
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Studies of hybrids of IgG1 and IgG2a within CH1 showed that the loop formed by residues 131139 is important in controlling segmental flexibility.
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Xray crystallographic studies by others of human IgG1 have shown that this loop makes several van der Waals contacts with the hinge.
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Abstract Background The anticancer drug Ukrain NSC631570 which has been specified by the manufacturer as semisynthetic derivative of the Chelidonium majus L. alkaloid chelidonine and the alkylans thiotepa was reported to exert selective cytotoxic effects on human tumour cell lines in vitro .
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Few clinical trials suggest beneficial effects in the treatment of human cancer.
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Aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of apoptosis induction for the antineoplastic activity of Ukrain, to define the molecular mechanism of its cytotoxic effects and to identify its active constituents by mass spectrometry.
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