CitationHub
Dataset Description
CitationHub is a large-scale scholarly citation dataset designed for citation analysis, citation intent modeling, scholarly knowledge graph construction, and evidence-grounded hypothesis generation for AI co-scientist systems.
The dataset contains citation events between citing papers and highly cited seed papers, enriched with citation intent labels, citation contexts, field information, journal metadata, author and affiliation information, and heterogeneous knowledge graph nodes and edges.
The dataset is intended to support research on:
- Citation intent analysis
- Scientific impact modeling
- Future citation prediction
- Scholarly knowledge graph completion
- Intent-aware citation recommendation
- Evidence-grounded hypothesis generation
- AI co-scientist systems for scientific discovery
Dataset Repository: https://zenodo.org/records/18536895
Dataset Summary
| File | Rows | Columns | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
citation_events.parquet |
1,857,503 | 20 | Raw citation event records |
citation_events_enriched.parquet |
1,857,503 | 32 | Citation events enriched with cited seed paper metadata |
citation_events_normalized.parquet |
1,857,503 | 23 | Citation events with normalized intent and field identifiers |
citing_papers.parquet |
1,467,045 | 7 | Metadata of citing papers |
citing_papers_normalized.parquet |
1,467,045 | 8 | Citing papers with normalized journal IDs |
seed_cited_papers.parquet |
23,479 | 42 | Highly cited seed paper metadata |
seed_cited_papers_normalized.parquet |
23,479 | 48 | Seed papers with normalized journal, author, affiliation, city, country, and field IDs |
kg_edges.parquet |
6,855,117 | 3 | Heterogeneous knowledge graph edges |
kg_nodes.parquet |
3,418,433 | 14 | Heterogeneous knowledge graph nodes |
authors.parquet |
16,839 | 2 | Author ID-name mapping |
affiliations.parquet |
5,271 | 2 | Affiliation ID-name mapping |
affiliation_geo.parquet |
5,352 | 6 | Affiliation, city, and country mappings |
journals.parquet |
46,237 | 2 | Journal ID-name mapping |
fields.parquet |
21 | 3 | Field ID-name mapping |
intents.parquet |
31 | 2 | Citation intent ID-name mapping |
cities.parquet |
1,899 | 2 | City ID-name mapping |
countries.parquet |
108 | 2 | Country ID-name mapping |
Citation Events
The main citation event files contain paper-level citation relations and citation semantics.
Important fields include:
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
citation_event_id |
Unique citation event identifier |
citing_paper_id |
Identifier of the citing paper |
cited_seed_paper_id |
Identifier of the cited seed paper |
citing_doi |
DOI of the citing paper |
citing_title |
Title of the citing paper |
citing_year |
Publication year of the citing paper |
citing_venue |
Venue of the citing paper |
primary_intent |
Primary citation intent label |
all_intents |
List of citation intents associated with the citation event |
contexts |
Citation context text snippets |
context_count |
Number of citation contexts |
intent_count |
Number of intent annotations |
is_influential |
Whether the citation is marked as influential |
has_semantic_evidence |
Whether semantic evidence is available |
field_id |
Normalized field identifier |
Seed Cited Papers
Seed papers represent highly cited papers used as cited targets.
Important fields include:
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
seed_paper_id |
Unique seed paper identifier |
doi |
DOI of the seed paper |
title |
Title of the seed paper |
publication_name |
Publication venue |
creator |
Main creator or first author |
citedby_count |
Citation count |
group |
Broad research group |
category |
Research category |
journal_clarivate |
Clarivate journal name |
is_seed_top5pct |
Whether the seed paper belongs to the selected highly cited group |
Knowledge Graph
The dataset includes a heterogeneous scholarly knowledge graph.
kg_nodes.parquet
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
node_id |
Unique node identifier |
label |
Human-readable node label |
node_type |
Type of node |
doi |
DOI if the node corresponds to a paper |
publication_name |
Publication venue |
group |
Research group |
citedby_count |
Citation count |
venue |
Venue information |
year |
Publication year |
primary_intent |
Citation intent for citation-event nodes |
kg_edges.parquet
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
source |
Source node ID |
target |
Target node ID |
edge_type |
Type of graph relation |
Intended Uses
This dataset can be used for:
- Citation Intent Classification
- Future Citation Prediction
- AI Co-Scientist Hypothesis Generation
- Scholarly Knowledge Graph Completion
- Scientific Opportunity Discovery
- Citation-based Scientific Recommendation
- Evidence-grounded LLM Reasoning for Scientific Discovery
Dataset Construction
The dataset was constructed by integrating:
- Citation event records
- Citation contexts and citation intent labels
- Highly cited seed paper metadata
- Citing paper metadata
- Journal, author, affiliation, city, country, and field normalization tables
- Heterogeneous scholarly knowledge graph nodes and edges
The normalized files provide ID-based mappings for relational and graph-based experiments.
Dataset Structure
CitationHub/
├── affiliation_geo.parquet
├── affiliations.parquet
├── authors.parquet
├── citation_events.parquet
├── citation_events_enriched.parquet
├── citation_events_normalized.parquet
├── cities.parquet
├── citing_papers.parquet
├── citing_papers_normalized.parquet
├── countries.parquet
├── fields.parquet
├── intents.parquet
├── journals.parquet
├── kg_edges.parquet
├── kg_nodes.parquet
├── seed_cited_papers.parquet
└── seed_cited_papers_normalized.parquet
Ethical Considerations
This dataset is intended for scholarly analysis and research support. Citation-based metrics should not be used as the sole basis for evaluating researchers, institutions, journals, or countries.
Citation
@dataset{citationhub2026,
title={CitationHub: An Intent-aware Scholarly Citation Knowledge Graph Dataset},
author={Nam, Seohyun},
year={2026},
publisher={Hugging Face},
url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/Daniel0315/CitationHub}
}
License
CC BY 4.0