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Eukaryotes will also have other membrane-bound structures that you will not see in prokaryotes. For example, you will tend to see mitochondria, mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell, both plant and animal cells, but you won't see it in a prokaryotic cell. And there's other types of membrane-bound structures. You could see ... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
You could see things like Golgi apparatus. And this over here is a micrograph of a eukaryotic cell. And you see the Golgi apparatus right over here, which helps package proteins. You see a micrograph of mitochondria. This is a micrograph of the nucleus. So this right over here is the nuclear membrane. And then you see ... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
You see a micrograph of mitochondria. This is a micrograph of the nucleus. So this right over here is the nuclear membrane. And then you see all the genetic information. It's all spread out. It's in chromatin form right over here. But you see it's especially densely packed right over here. | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
And then you see all the genetic information. It's all spread out. It's in chromatin form right over here. But you see it's especially densely packed right over here. And we've also depicted it in this right over there. So this is all the DNA in chromatin form, but this part that looks extra dense or dark in this micro... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
But you see it's especially densely packed right over here. And we've also depicted it in this right over there. So this is all the DNA in chromatin form, but this part that looks extra dense or dark in this micrograph right over there, we call that the nucleolus. We call that the nucleolus. And we now know that this i... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
We call that the nucleolus. And we now know that this is where ribosomal RNA is being produced. And ribosomal RNA, that forms part of the structure of ribosomes, which are essential in the translation, or I guess you could say the construction of proteins based on the information in mRNA. And we can go into a lot more ... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
And we can go into a lot more depth in that in other videos. So these are ribosomes right over here, and they're made up of ribosomal RNA, and they're also made up of proteins. And so this nucleolus over there, that's where that's happening, that denser part of the nucleus. So the key distinction, eukaryotic cell, you ... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
So the key distinction, eukaryotic cell, you have a membrane-bound nucleus. You have other membrane-bound structures like mitochondria. In fact, there's some theories that mitochondria first evolved as prokaryotic organisms that eventually lived in symbiosis inside of eukaryotic, inside of a larger eukaryotic cell. And... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
And then the other distinction is that in eukaryotes, the DNA tends to be in multiple strands. So the DNA, if you were to kind of straighten it out, it would be in multiple strands. While in a prokaryote, the DNA tends to be circular. It can be all flipped around and whatever else, but at the end of the day, it would b... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
It can be all flipped around and whatever else, but at the end of the day, it would be circular DNA. So those are the three core distinctions, nuclear membrane, other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. And then you also have multiple single strands of DNA versus circular DNA. Other thi... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
Other things is that eukaryotes tend to be larger, while prokaryotes tend to be smaller and they tend to be simpler. So now that we know the key distinctions, what are examples of eukaryotes? Well, eukaryotes include most of what we interact with on a daily basis, or we think we're interacting with on a daily basis. Th... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
This includes all multicellular organisms. So multicellular, multicellular organisms. So I'm thinking animals, plants, fungi. It includes protists. This is a paramecium right over here. This is eukaryotic. It's going to have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
It includes protists. This is a paramecium right over here. This is eukaryotic. It's going to have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. This right over here, these are onion root tip cells. So these are plant cells, and you can actually see it's been stained. You can actually see the membrane-bound nucleus he... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
It's going to have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. This right over here, these are onion root tip cells. So these are plant cells, and you can actually see it's been stained. You can actually see the membrane-bound nucleus here, and this is actually a cool picture because you can see the cells at differe... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
You can actually see the membrane-bound nucleus here, and this is actually a cool picture because you can see the cells at different stages of mitosis, which is interesting. Animal cells, the things that make you you. You are eukaryotic. So what is prokaryotic? Well, bacteria is probably the most common example of that... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
So what is prokaryotic? Well, bacteria is probably the most common example of that. Bacteria right over here. These are prokaryotes, and the thing that's talked about a lot less is archaea. And archaea, people initially thought that these were a form of bacteria that just lived in very extreme conditions, but now they ... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
These are prokaryotes, and the thing that's talked about a lot less is archaea. And archaea, people initially thought that these were a form of bacteria that just lived in very extreme conditions, but now they know that it's a completely different domain of life. Archaea. Archaea. And so when we think about the domains... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
Archaea. And so when we think about the domains of life, people, the current thought is that you have bacteria here, bacteria here, you have archaea, you have archaea, archaea, and then you have, and then you have eukaryotes. I'll do it there. And then you have eukaryotes. Eukaryotes. And these are things that have all... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
And then you have eukaryotes. Eukaryotes. And these are things that have all of the traits that we've talked about, and so these include plants and animals and fungi and unicellular eukaryotes, protists and things like that. And so if we, once again, just high level, we would consider these prokaryotes, and these, of c... | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
And so if we, once again, just high level, we would consider these prokaryotes, and these, of course, are the eukaryotes. So hopefully that gives you a good overview of things. | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Biology Khan Academy.mp3 |
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